Vontier Corp (VNT)

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management and is intended to help the reader understand the results and operations and financial condition of the Company. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 15, 2024.

OVERVIEW

General

Vontier is a global industrial technology company uniting productivity, automation and multi-energy technologies to meet the needs of a rapidly evolving, more connected mobility ecosystem. Leveraging leading market positions, decades of domain expertise and unparalleled portfolio breadth, Vontier enables the way the world moves, delivering smart, safe and sustainable solutions to our customers and the planet. Vontier has a culture of continuous improvement and innovation built upon the foundation of the Vontier Business System and embraced by colleagues worldwide. Refer to “Item 1. Business – General” included in this Annual Report for a discussion of our strategies for delivering long-term shareholder value.

We operate through three reportable segments which align to our three operating segments: (i) Mobility Technologies, which provides digitally enabled equipment and solutions to support efficient operations across the mobility ecosystem, including point-of-sale and payment systems, workflow automation solutions, telematics, data analytics, software platform for electric vehicle charging networks, and integrated solutions for alternative fuel dispensing; (ii) Repair Solutions, which manufactures and distributes aftermarket vehicle repair tools, toolboxes, automotive diagnostic equipment and software through a network of mobile franchisees; and (iii) Environmental & Fueling Solutions, which provides environmental and fueling hardware and software, and aftermarket solutions for global fueling infrastructure. Our Global Traffic Technologies and Coats businesses, which were divested during April 2023 and January 2024, respectively, are presented in Other for periods prior to the divestitures.

Outlook

We expect core sales to increase on a year-over-year basis in 2025 due to increasing demand across our portfolio. Our outlook is subject to various assumptions and risks, including but not limited to the resilience and durability of the economies of the United States and other critical regions, the condition of global supply chains, including the availability of electronic components, the impact of international conflicts, including Russia-Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East, market conditions in key end product segments, no significant changes in governmental policies or regulations and the impact of energy disruption in Europe. Additional uncertainties are identified in “Information Relating to Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this Form 10-K.

We continue to monitor the macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions which may impact our business, including monetary and fiscal policies, changes in the banking system, international trade and relations between the U.S., China and other nations, and investment and taxation policy initiatives being considered in the United States and by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”). We also continue to monitor the Russia-Ukraine conflict and conflicts in the Middle East and the impact on our business and operations. As of the filing date of this report, we do not believe they are material.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Results of Operations

(a) Excluding amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.

Sales

The components of our consolidated sales growth were as follows for the periods indicated:

Sales for each of our segments were as follows for the periods indicated:

Mobility Technologies

The components of sales growth for our Mobility Technologies segment were as follows for the periods indicated:

Total sales within our Mobility Technologies segment increased 1.1% during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, driven by a 2.1% increase in core sales, partially offset by a 1.0% decrease due to the impact of currency translation. The increase in core sales was due to solid demand for our convenience store payment and enterprise productivity solutions, partially offset by lower demand for our cash wash solutions.

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Repair Solutions

The components of sales growth for our Repair Solutions segment were as follows for the periods indicated:

Total sales and core sales within our Repair Solutions segment decreased 2.8% during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, due to a decrease in the hardline, tool storage and specialty tools product categories driven by macroeconomic impacts on service technicians’ discretionary spending, partially offset by an increase in the power tools product category.

Environmental & Fueling Solutions

The components of sales growth for our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment were as follows for the periods indicated:

Total sales within our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment increased 2.7% during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, driven by a 5.9% increase in core sales, partially offset by a 2.3% decrease due to the impact of recently exited businesses and product lines and a 0.9% decrease due to the impact of currency translation. The increase in core sales was driven by higher demand for aftermarket products, dispenser systems and environmental solutions.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales, excluding amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, decreased $109.1 million, or 6.6%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, decreased 160 basis points during the same period, due to a $115.0 million decrease from the impact of recently divested and exited businesses and product lines.

Operating Costs and Other Expenses

SG&A expenses decreased $13.4 million, or 2.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, increased 30 basis points during the same period, due to a $18.6 million decrease from the impact of recently divested and exited businesses and product lines, partially offset by a $10.1 million increase from the impact of reserve-related adjustments to the Repair Solutions receivables portfolio.

R&D expenses increased $14.2 million, or 8.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, increased 70 basis points during the same period, due to continued growth investments in our Mobility Technologies segment.

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets decreased $1.5 million, or 1.8%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, increased 10 basis points during the same period.

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Operating Profit

Operating profit decreased $6.4 million, or 1.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, and operating profit margin increased 40 basis points during the same period.

Segment operating profit is used as a performance metric by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in determining how to allocate resources and assess performance. Segment operating profit represents total segment sales less operating costs attributable to the segment, which does not include unallocated corporate costs and other operating costs not allocated to the reportable segments as part of the CODM’s assessment of reportable segment operating performance, including amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring and other related charges and other unallocated income or expense not indicative of the segment’s core operating performance. As part of the CODM’s assessment of the Repair Solutions segment, a capital charge calculated based on the segment’s average gross outstanding financing receivables portfolio during the period and an estimated weighted average cost of capital is assessed by Corporate (the “Repair Solutions Capital Charge”). Refer to Note 15. Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Segment operating profit, operating profit and related margins were as follows for the periods indicated:

(a) Margin for corporate & other unallocated costs is presented as a percentage of total sales. Refer to further discussion of Corporate & other unallocated costs below.

Mobility Technologies

Segment operating profit for our Mobility Technologies segment decreased $7.3 million, or 3.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin decreased 90 basis points during the same period. The decrease in segment operating profit margin was due to a 180 basis points decrease from an increase in R&D from continued growth investments, offset by a 150 basis points increase from SG&A savings. The remaining decrease was due to the impact of product mix from lower demand for our cash wash solutions.

Repair Solutions

Segment operating profit for our Repair Solutions segment decreased $29.3 million, or 17.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin decreased 390 basis points during the same period. The decrease in segment operating profit margin was due to a 130 basis points decrease from reserve-related adjustments to the receivables portfolio. The remaining decrease was due to the impact of lower volume and product mix, as service technicians have purchased lower price point products in response to the macroeconomic impacts on service technicians’ discretionary spending.

Environmental & Fueling Solutions

Segment operating profit for our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment increased $25.4 million, or 6.9%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin increased 110 basis points during the same period. The increase in segment operating profit margin was due to a 170 basis points increase from the net impact of our productivity initiatives that have reduced manufacturing, procurement and other costs and unfavorable product mix as compared to the prior year, offset by increased costs from inflationary pressures.

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Corporate & Other Unallocated Costs

Corporate & other unallocated costs consists of the following for the periods indicated:

Corporate & other unallocated costs decreased $16.5 million, or 8.0%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, due to an $11.7 million decrease in costs associated with restructuring activities. Corporate & other unallocated costs as a percentage of total sales decreased 30 basis points during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Core Sales

We define core sales as total sales excluding (i) sales from acquired and certain divested businesses; (ii) the impact of currency translation; and (iii) certain other items.

•References to sales attributable to acquisitions or acquired businesses refer to GAAP sales from acquired businesses recorded prior to the first anniversary of the acquisition less the amount of sales attributable to certain divested or exited businesses or product lines not considered discontinued operations.

•The portion of sales attributable to the impact of currency translation is calculated as the difference between (a) the period-to-period change in sales (excluding sales from acquired businesses) and (b) the period-to-period change in sales, including foreign operations (excluding sales from acquired businesses), after applying the current period foreign exchange rates to the prior year period.

•The portion of sales attributable to other items is calculated as the impact of those items which are not directly correlated to core sales which do not have an impact on the current or comparable period.

Core sales should be considered in addition to, and not as a replacement for or superior to, total sales, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Management believes that reporting the non-GAAP financial measure of core sales provides useful information to investors by helping identify underlying growth trends in our business and facilitating easier comparisons of our sales performance with our performance in prior and future periods and to our peers. We exclude the effect of acquisitions and certain divestiture-related items because the nature, size and number of such transactions can vary dramatically from period to period and between us and our peers. We exclude the effect of currency translation and certain other items from core sales because these items are either not under management’s control or relate to items not directly correlated to core sales. Management believes the exclusion of these items from core sales may facilitate assessment of underlying business trends and may assist in comparisons of long-term performance.

INTEREST COSTS

Interest expense, net was $74.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to $93.7 million during the prior year, a decrease of $19.0 million, driven by a decrease in our outstanding debt obligations and an increase in interest income between periods.

For a discussion of our outstanding indebtedness, refer to Note 10. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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INCOME TAXES

General

Income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect management’s assessment of current and future taxes expected to be paid on items reflected in our financial statements. Our effective tax rate can be affected by, among other items, changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates (including as a result of business acquisitions and dispositions), changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, the implementation of tax planning strategies, tax rulings, court decisions, settlements with tax authorities and changes in tax laws.

We are routinely examined by various domestic and international taxing authorities. The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. The Company is subject to examination in the United States, various states and foreign jurisdictions. We review our global tax positions on a quarterly basis. Based on these reviews, the results of discussions and resolutions of matters with certain tax authorities, tax rulings and court decisions and the expiration of statutes of limitations reserves for contingent tax liabilities are accrued or adjusted as necessary. The IRS concluded examination procedures on the Company’s initial U.S. federal income tax return for the post-Separation period of 2020. No material adjustments were identified, as such the Company has released all uncertain tax positions associated with the U.S. federal income tax return for the post-Separation period in 2020. The Company remains subject to U.S. Federal income tax audit for 2021 through 2023. The Company is subject to tax audits for its combined/consolidated state income tax returns for post-Separation 2020 through 2023. The Company remains subject to tax audits for its separate company tax returns in various U.S. states for the tax years 2020 to 2023. Our operations in certain foreign jurisdictions remain subject to routine examinations for the tax years 2017 to 2023.

The OECD agreed among over 130 countries on the Pillar Two proposals which establish a global minimum effective tax rate of 15% for multinational groups with annual global revenue exceeding €750 million. Many countries continue to announce changes in their tax laws and regulations based on the Pillar Two proposals, including the European Union (“EU”) Member States which unanimously adopted the EU Pillar Two Directive, providing for a minimum effective tax rate of 15%. As of December 31, 2024, various EU Member States have enacted Pillar Two legislation. The Company performed an analysis of the impact of the legislation, and we expect no significant impact to our financial statements.

For a description of our income tax accounting policies, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 14. Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was 15.2% and 22.0%, respectively. The decrease in our effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, was primarily due to favorable impacts related to business reorganizations and divestitures and a decrease to uncertain tax positions.

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the effect of state taxes, foreign derived intangible income, and tax credits. Additionally, there were favorable impacts related to business reorganizations and divestitures and a decrease to uncertain tax positions.

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the effect of state taxes, foreign derived intangible income and tax credits. Additionally, there were favorable impacts related to non-taxable income and business reorganizations and divestitures which were offset by an increase to uncertain tax positions.

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Comprehensive income decreased by $2.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year. Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2024 includes an unfavorable foreign currency translation adjustment of $49.6 million and a gain on the sale of the Company’s Coats business of $37.2 million. Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes a gain on the sale of the Company’s Global Traffic Technologies business of $34.4 million.

Refer to Note 20. Divestitures to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the divestitures of our Coats and Global Traffic Technologies businesses.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, credit risk and commodity prices, each of which could impact our financial statements. We generally address our exposure to these risks through our normal operating and financing activities. In addition, our broad-based business activities help to reduce the impact that volatility in any particular area or related areas may have on our operating profit as a whole.

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Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk through fluctuations in interest rates on our debt obligations. As of December 31, 2024, we had $550.0 million outstanding of debt that was subject to variable interest rates. As a result, increases in interest rates could increase the cost of servicing our debt and could materially reduce our profitability and cash flows. We seek to manage exposure to adverse interest rate changes through our normal operating and financing activities.

A hypothetical 100 basis points increase in market interest rates as of December 31, 2024 on our variable-rate debt obligations as of December 31, 2024 would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $5.5 million.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We face transactional exchange rate risk from transactions with customers in countries outside of the United States and from intercompany transactions between affiliates. Transactional exchange rate risk arises from the purchase and sale of goods and services in currencies other than our functional currency or the functional currency of an applicable subsidiary. We also face translational exchange rate risk related to the translation of financial statements of our foreign operations into U.S. dollars, our functional currency. Costs incurred and sales recorded by subsidiaries operating outside of the United States are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates effective during the respective period. As a result, we are exposed to movements in the exchange rates of various currencies against the U.S. dollar. The effect of a change in currency exchange rates on our net investment in international subsidiaries is reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity. A 10% change in major currencies relative to the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2024 would have resulted in an impact to equity of approximately $87.0 million.

Currency exchange rates negatively impacted reported sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 by 0.8% as compared to the prior year, as the U.S. dollar was, on average, stronger against most major currencies during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to exchange rate levels during the prior year. If the exchange rates in effect as of December 31, 2024 were to prevail throughout the year ended December 31, 2025, currency exchange rates would negatively impact estimated sales for the year ended December 31, 2025 by approximately 1.2% compared to the year ended December 31, 2024.

In general, weakening of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies would positively impact our sales and results of operations on an overall basis and strengthening of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies would adversely impact our sales and results of operations.

We have generally accepted the exposure to exchange rate movements without using derivative financial instruments to manage this risk. Both positive and negative movements in currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar will therefore continue to affect the reported amount of sales, profit, and assets and liabilities in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Credit Risk

We are exposed to potential credit losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to our financial instruments. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist of cash and highly-liquid investment grade cash equivalents, and receivables from customers and franchisees. We place cash and cash equivalents with various high-quality financial institutions throughout the world and exposure is limited at any one institution. Although we typically do not obtain collateral or other security to secure these obligations, we regularly monitor third party depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents. We emphasize safety and liquidity of principal over yield on those funds. Concentrations of credit risk arising from receivables from customers are limited due to the diversity of our customers. We perform credit evaluations of our customers’ financial conditions and also obtain collateral or other security as appropriate. Notwithstanding these efforts, distress in the global economy may increase the difficulty in collecting receivables.

The assumptions used in evaluating our exposure to credit losses associated with our financing receivables portfolio involve estimates and significant judgment. Holding other estimates constant, a hypothetical 100 basis points increase in the expected loss rate on the financing receivables portfolio would have resulted in an increase in the allowance for credit losses of approximately $5.0 million as of December 31, 2024.

No customer accounted for more than 10% of sales during all periods presented.

Commodity Price Risk

For a discussion of risks relating to commodity prices, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. We generate substantial cash from operating activities and believe that our operating cash flow and other sources of liquidity will be sufficient to allow us to continue to support working capital needs, capital expenditures, pay interest and service debt, pay taxes and any related interest or penalties, fund our restructuring activities and pension plans as required, invest in existing businesses, consummate strategic acquisitions, manage our capital structure on a short and long-term basis and support other business needs or objectives. Refer also to Note 10. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Our long-term debt requires, among others, that we maintain certain financial covenants, and we were in compliance with all of these covenants as of December 31, 2024.

2024 Financing and Capital Transactions

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we completed the following financing and capital transactions:

•Voluntarily repaid $150.0 million of the Three-Year Term Loans Due 2024 and the Three-Year Term Loans Due 2025;

•Repurchased 3.0 million shares for $100.0 million through an accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreement;

•Repurchased 0.6 million shares for $25.0 million through a share repurchase agreement; and

•Repurchased 2.7 million shares for $99.7 million in the open market.

Refer to Note 10. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to our long-term indebtedness and Note 19. Capital Stock and Earnings per Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to our share repurchases.

Overview of Cash Flows and Liquidity

Following is an overview of our cash flows and liquidity:

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Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities can fluctuate significantly from period to period as working capital needs and the timing of payments for income taxes, restructuring activities and other items impact reported cash flows.

Cash flows from operating activities were $427.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $27.5 million as compared to the prior year. The year-over-year change in operating cash flows was primarily attributable to the following factors:

•The aggregate of accounts receivable and long-term financing receivables used $56.0 million of operating cash flows during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to using $6.9 million in the prior year. The amount of cash flow generated from or used by accounts receivable depends upon how effectively we manage the cash conversion cycle and can be significantly impacted by the timing of collections in a period. Additionally, when we originate certain financing receivables, we assume the financing receivable by decreasing the franchisee’s trade accounts receivable. As a result, originations of certain financing receivables are non-cash transactions.

•The aggregate of other operating assets and liabilities used $30.7 million of cash during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to generating $6.8 million in the prior year. This difference is due primarily to working capital needs and the timing of accruals and payments and tax-related amounts.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $11.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, driven by payments for additions to property, plant and equipment, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of our Coats business. Net cash provided by investing activities was $69.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, driven by proceeds from the sale of our Global Traffic Technologies business and equity securities, partially offset by payments for additions to property, plant and equipment.

We made capital expenditures of $82.7 million and $60.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $392.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, driven by the voluntary repayment of $150.0 million of the Three-Year Term Loans due 2024 and Three-Year Term Loans due 2025 and repurchases of the Company’s common stock of $224.7 million. Net cash used in financing activities was $387.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, driven primarily by the voluntary repayment of $300.0 million of the Three-Year Term Loans due 2024 and repurchases of the Company’s common stock of $74.7 million.

Share Repurchase Program

Refer to Note 19. Capital Stock and Earnings per Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s share repurchase program.

Dividends

We paid regular quarterly cash dividends of $0.025 per share during the year ended December 31, 2024. The declaration of future cash dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our future earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, financial condition and general business conditions.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

As of December 31, 2024, we had $1.6 billion in aggregate principal amount of registered notes and $550.0 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding of term loans. Our obligations to pay principal and interest on the registered notes and term loans are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by Gilbarco Inc. and Matco Tools Corporation, two of Vontier’s wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”). Our other subsidiaries do not guarantee any such indebtedness (collectively, the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”). Refer to Note 10. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the terms of our notes and the term loans.

The registered notes and the guarantees thereof are the Company’s and the Guarantor Subsidiaries’ senior unsecured obligations and:

•rank without preference or priority among themselves and equally in right of payment with our existing and any future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, including, without limitation, indebtedness under our credit agreement;

•are senior in right of payment to any of our existing and future indebtedness that is subordinated to the notes;

•are effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the assets securing such indebtedness; and

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•are structurally subordinated to all existing and any future indebtedness and any other liabilities of our Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

The following tables present summarized financial information for Vontier Corporation and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis and after the elimination of (a) intercompany transactions and balances between Vontier Corporation and the Guarantor Subsidiaries and (b) equity in earnings from and investments in the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

Cash and Cash Requirements

As of December 31, 2024, we held approximately $356.4 million of cash and cash equivalents that were held in either operating accounts or invested in highly liquid investment-grade instruments with a maturity of 90 days or less with an annual effective rate generally around 4.5% as of December 31, 2024. Approximately 55% of our cash was held outside of the United States.

We have made an assertion regarding the amount of earnings that we do not intend to repatriate due to local working capital needs, local law restrictions, high foreign remittance costs, previous investments in physical assets and acquisitions, or future growth needs. Such earnings are intended for indefinite foreign reinvestment and no provision for income taxes has been made. The amount of income taxes that may be applicable to such earnings is not readily determinable given the unknown duration of local law restrictions as applicable to such earnings, unknown changes in foreign tax law that may occur during the restriction periods, and the various alternatives we could employ if we repatriated these earnings. The cash that our foreign subsidiaries hold for indefinite reinvestment is generally used to finance foreign operations and investments, including acquisitions.

We have cash requirements to support working capital needs, capital expenditures, pay interest and service debt, pay taxes and any related interest or penalties, fund our restructuring activities and pension plans as required and support other business needs or objectives. Refer to Note 9. Leases and Note 10. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on our contractual obligations and the timing of expected future payments under our lease and debt agreements, respectively.

We also have purchase obligations which consist of agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on us and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions and the approximate timing of the transaction. As of December 31, 2024, we had purchase obligations of $241.9 million, with $235.6 million payable in the next 12 months.

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With respect to our cash requirements, we generally intend to use available cash and internally generated funds to meet these cash requirements, but in the event that additional liquidity is required, particularly in connection with acquisitions, we may also borrow under our credit facilities, enter into new credit facilities and borrow directly thereunder and/or access the capital markets. As of December 31, 2024, we had $750.0 million of borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility. We also may from time to time access the capital markets, including to take advantage of favorable interest rate environments or other market conditions.

As of December 31, 2024, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our cash needs.

Guarantees

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had guarantees consisting primarily of outstanding standby letters of credit, bank guarantees, and performance and bid bonds of $81.4 million. These guarantees have been provided in connection with certain arrangements with vendors, customers, financing counterparties, and governmental entities to secure the Company’s obligations and/or performance requirements related to specific transactions.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 17. Litigation and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding legal proceedings, contingencies, and guarantees. For a discussion of risks related to legal proceedings and contingencies, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and judgments on historical experience, the current economic environment and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates and judgments.

We believe the following accounting estimates are most critical to an understanding of our financial statements. Estimates are considered to be critical if they meet both of the following criteria: (i) the estimate requires assumptions about material matters that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and (ii) material changes in the estimate are reasonably likely from period to period. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting estimates, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounts and Financing Receivables Allowances

We maintain allowances for credit losses to reflect expected credit losses inherent in our portfolio of receivables. Determination of the allowances requires us to exercise judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the allowances and, therefore, net earnings. The allowances for credit losses represent management’s best estimate of the credit losses expected from our trade accounts and financing receivables portfolios over the remaining contractual life. We pool assets with similar risk characteristics for this measurement based on attributes that may include asset type, duration, and/or credit risk rating. The future expected losses of each pool are estimated based on numerous quantitative and qualitative factors reflecting management’s estimate of collectability over the remaining contractual life of the pooled assets, including:

•portfolio duration;

•historical, current, and forecasted future loss experience by asset type;

•historical, current, and forecasted delinquency and write-off trends;

•historical, current, and forecasted economic conditions; and

•historical, current, and forecasted credit risk.

We regularly perform detailed reviews of our accounts receivable and financing receivables portfolios to determine if changes in the aforementioned qualitative and quantitative factors have impacted the adequacy of the allowances.

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Inventories

We record inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. We estimate the net realizable value of inventory based on assumptions of future demand and related pricing. Estimating the net realizable value of inventory is inherently uncertain because levels of demand, technological advances and pricing competition in many of our markets can fluctuate significantly from period to period due to circumstances beyond our control. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, we could be required to reduce the value of our inventory, which would adversely impact our financial statements.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill arises from the purchase price for acquired businesses exceeding the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired less assumed liabilities. In accordance with accounting standards related to business combinations, neither goodwill nor indefinite-lived intangible assets are amortized; however, definite-lived identifiable intangible assets, primarily customer relationships, acquired technology and trade names, are amortized over their estimated useful lives. We assess the goodwill of each of our reporting units for impairment at least annually as of the first day of the fourth quarter or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill may not be recoverable.

When evaluating for impairment, we may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, or if we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying amount, we will calculate the estimated fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset. Our decision to perform a qualitative impairment assessment for an individual reporting unit in a given year is influenced by a number of factors, inclusive of the size of the reporting unit's goodwill, the significance of the excess of the reporting unit's estimated fair value over carrying value at the last quantitative assessment date, the amount of time in between quantitative fair value assessments and the date of acquisition.

As part of our 2024 annual impairment analysis, we elected to apply the qualitative goodwill impairment assessment guidance in ASC 350-20, Goodwill, for all three of our reporting units as of the assessment date, or approximately $1.7 billion of goodwill as of the assessment date. Factors we considered in the qualitative assessment included general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance of our reporting units, events or changes affecting the composition or carrying value of the net assets of our reporting units, information related to market multiples of peer companies and other relevant entity specific events. Based on our assessment we determined on the basis of the qualitative and quantitative factors, that the fair values of the reporting units were more likely than not greater than their respective carrying values, and therefore, a quantitative test was not required.

If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, goodwill impairment is determined by using a quantitative approach. We identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit, determined using various valuation techniques, with the primary technique being a discounted cash flow analysis, to its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.

We review identified intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Determining whether an impairment loss occurred requires a comparison of the carrying amount to the sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. We also test intangible assets with indefinite lives at least annually for impairment. In these analyses management considers general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, financial performance and other entity and asset specific events and may require management to make judgments and estimates about future revenues, expenses, market conditions and discount rates related to these assets.

If actual results are not consistent with management’s estimates and assumptions, goodwill and other intangible assets may be overstated, and a charge would need to be taken against net earnings which would adversely affect our financial statements. No goodwill or other intangible assets impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Contingent Liabilities

We are, from time to time, subject to a variety of litigation and similar contingent liabilities incidental to our business or the business operations of previously owned entities. We recognize a liability for any contingency that is known or probable of occurrence and reasonably estimable. These assessments require judgments concerning matters such as litigation developments and outcomes, the anticipated outcome of negotiations, the number of future claims and the cost of both pending and future claims. In addition, outside risk insurance professionals may assist in the determination of reserves for incurred but not yet reported claims through evaluation of our specific loss history, actual claims reported, and industry trends among statistical and other factors. Reserve estimates are adjusted as additional information regarding a claim becomes known. If the reserves established with respect to these contingent liabilities are inadequate, we would be required to incur an expense equal to the amount of the loss incurred in excess of the reserves, which would adversely affect our financial statements.

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Revenue Recognition

We derive revenues from the sale of products and services. For revenue related to a product or service to qualify for recognition, we must have an enforceable contract with a customer that defines the goods or services to be transferred and the payment terms related to those goods or services. Further, collection of substantially all consideration for the goods or services transferred must be probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. We apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a combination of financial and qualitative factors, including the customers’ financial condition, collateral, debt-servicing ability, past payment experience and credit bureau information.

Customer allowances and rebates, consisting primarily of volume discounts and other short-term incentive programs, are considered in determining the transaction price for the contract. Significant judgment is exercised in determining product returns, customer allowances and rebates, which are estimated based on historical experience and known trends.

Certain customer arrangements, including our SaaS product offerings, include multiple performance obligations, typically hardware, installation, training, consulting, services and/or post-contract customer support (“PCS”). The Company allocates the contract transaction price to each performance obligation using the observable price that the good or service sells for separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers. Allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation may require judgment.

If our judgments regarding revenue recognition prove incorrect, our reported revenues in particular periods may be adversely affected. Historically, our estimates of revenue have been materially correct.

Income Taxes

In accordance with GAAP, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years for which the tax benefit has already been reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. This requires the Company to make judgments and estimates regarding the timing and amount of the reversal of taxable temporary differences, expected future taxable income and the impact of tax planning strategies.

We provide for unrecognized tax benefits when, based upon the technical merits, it is “more-likely-than-not” that an uncertain tax position will not be sustained upon examination. Judgment is required in evaluating tax positions and determining income tax provisions. We re-evaluate the technical merits of our tax positions and may recognize an uncertain tax benefit in certain circumstances, including when: (i) a tax audit is completed; (ii) applicable tax laws change, including a tax case ruling or legislative guidance; or (iii) the applicable statute of limitations expires. We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense.

Business Combinations

Accounting for business combinations requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date, for intangible assets. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based, in part, on historical experience and information obtained from management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired include, but are not limited to, estimates about future results such as revenues, margin, net working capital and other valuation assumptions such as useful lives, royalty rates, attrition rates and discount rates. The discount rates used to discount expected future cash flows to present value are typically derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and adjusted to reflect inherent risks. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect either the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding new accounting standards.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management and is intended to help the reader understand the results and operations and financial condition of the Company. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2023, as supplemented by the discussion herein of our new segments’ sales and segment operating profit.

OVERVIEW

General

Vontier is a global industrial technology company uniting productivity, automation and multi-energy technologies to meet the needs of a rapidly evolving, more connected mobility ecosystem. Leveraging leading market positions, decades of domain expertise and unparalleled portfolio breadth, Vontier enables the way the world moves, delivering smart, safe and sustainable solutions to our customers and the planet. Vontier has a culture of continuous improvement and innovation built upon the foundation of the Vontier Business System and embraced by colleagues worldwide. Refer to “Item 1. Business – General” included in this Annual Report for a discussion of our strategies for delivering long-term shareholder value.

Segments

In the first quarter of 2023, we realigned our internal organization to align with our strategy, resulting in changes to our operating segments. Historically, we operated through one reportable segment comprised of two operating segments: (i) Mobility Technologies and (ii) Diagnostics and Repair Technologies. Subsequent to the realignment, we now operate through three reportable segments which align to our three operating segments: (i) Mobility Technologies, which provides digitally enabled equipment and solutions to support efficient operations across the mobility ecosystem, including point-of-sale and payment systems, workflow automation solutions, telematics, data analytics, software platform for electric vehicle charging networks, and integrated solutions for alternative fuel dispensing; (ii) Repair Solutions, which manufactures and distributes aftermarket vehicle repair tools, toolboxes, automotive diagnostic equipment and software through a network of mobile franchisees; and (iii) Environmental & Fueling Solutions, which provides environmental and fueling hardware and software, and aftermarket solutions for global fueling infrastructure.

The Company’s Global Traffic Technologies and Coats businesses, which were divested during April 2023 and January 2024, respectively, are presented in Other for periods prior to the divestitures. Refer to Note 21. Divestitures and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the Company’s Global Traffic Technologies and Coats businesses.

Prior period segment results have been presented in conformity with the Company’s new reportable segments.

Outlook

We expect core sales to increase on a year-over-year basis in 2024 due to increasing demand across our portfolio. Our outlook is subject to various assumptions and risks, including but not limited to the resilience and durability of the economies of the United States and other critical regions, ongoing challenges with global logistics and supply chain including the availability of electronic components, the impact of international conflicts, including Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas, market conditions in key end product segments, and the impact of energy disruption in Europe. Additional uncertainties are identified in “Information Relating to Forward-Looking Statements” in this Form 10-K.

We continue to monitor the macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions which may impact our business, including monetary and fiscal policies, changes in the banking system, international trade and relations between the U.S., China and other nations, and investment and taxation policy initiatives being considered in the United States and by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”). We also continue to monitor the Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts and the impact on our business and operations. As of the filing date of this report, we do not believe they are material.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Results of Operations

(a) Excluding amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.

Sales

The components of our consolidated sales growth were as follows for the periods indicated:

Sales for each of our segments were as follows for the periods indicated:

Mobility Technologies

The components of sales growth for our Mobility Technologies segment were as follows for the periods indicated:

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Total sales within our Mobility Technologies segment increased 10.6% during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, driven by a 6.1% increase in core sales and a 5.6% increase from our recent acquisitions, partially offset by a 1.1% decrease due to the impact of currency translation. The increase in core sales was primarily due to solid demand in our car wash technologies and alternative energy solutions, which were partially offset by the lower rate of demand related to the end of the U.S. upgrade cycle for enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payment systems based on the EMV global standards.

Total sales within our Mobility Technologies segment increased 22.8% during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, driven by a 0.7% increase in core sales and a 26.1% increase from our recent acquisitions, partially offset by a 4.0% decrease due to the impact of currency translation. The increase in core sales was primarily due to growth from price increases, as well as strong demand in the alternative energy business, which were partially offset by the lower rate of demand related to the end of the U.S. upgrade cycle for enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payment systems based on the EMV global standards as well as the end of the Mexico fiscal regulation upgrades.

Repair Solutions

The components of sales growth for our Repair Solutions segment were as follows for the periods indicated:

Total sales and core sales within our Repair Solutions segment increased 6.5% and 6.7%, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to strong demand in the tool storage, hardline and powered tools product categories.

Total sales and core sales within our Repair Solutions segment increased 2.9% and 3.0%, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to growth from price increases and continued strong demand across most product categories, most notably hardline and powered tools.

Environmental & Fueling Solutions

The components of sales growth for our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment were as follows for the periods indicated:

Total sales within our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment decreased 11.4% during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, driven primarily by a 10.6% decrease in core sales and a 0.6% decrease due to the impact of currency translation. The decrease in core sales was primarily due to the end of the U.S. upgrade cycle for enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payments systems based on the EMV global standards, partially offset by strong demand for U.S. fuel dispenser systems and aftermarket parts.

Total sales within our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment increased 0.8% during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, driven primarily by a 4.0% increase in core sales and a 3.2% decrease due to the impact of currency translation. The increase in core sales was primarily due to growth from price increases, as well as strong demand across the environmental and aftermarket businesses, which were partially offset by the lower rate of demand related to the end of the U.S. upgrade cycle for enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payment systems based on the EMV global standards as well as the end of the Mexico fiscal regulation upgrades.

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Cost of Sales

Cost of sales, excluding amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, decreased $92.1 million, or 5.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, decreased 130 basis points during the same period, primarily due to the decrease in sales in our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment, as discussed above, and cost optimization, partially offset by the impact of recent acquisitions as well as increased costs from inflationary pressures.

Operating Costs and Other Expenses

SG&A expenses increased $15.3 million, or 2.4%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, increased 110 basis points during the same period, primarily due to an increase in costs associated with restructuring activities, variable and stock-based compensation expense and SG&A expenses from our recent acquisitions, and the impact of reserve-related adjustments to the Repair Solutions receivables portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in transaction and deal-related costs.

R&D expenses increased $18.9 million, or 13.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, increased 80 basis points during the same period, primarily due to the impact of our recent acquisitions and continued growth investments in our Mobility Technologies segment.

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets increased $3.2 million, or 4.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, increased 20 basis points during the same period, primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets acquired in our recent acquisitions.

Operating Profit

Operating profit decreased $34.5 million, or 6.0%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, and operating profit margins decreased 50 basis points during the same period.

Operating profit decreased $4.3 million, or 0.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, and operating profit margins decreased 140 basis points during the same period.

Segment operating profit is used as a performance metric by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in determining how to allocate resources and assess performance. Segment operating profit represents total segment sales less operating costs attributable to the segment, which does not include unallocated corporate costs and other operating costs not allocated to the reportable segments as part of the CODM’s assessment of reportable segment operating performance, including stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, restructuring costs, transaction- and deal-related costs, and other costs not indicative of the segment’s core operating performance. As part of the CODM’s assessment of the Repair Solutions segment, a capital charge based on the segment’s financing receivables portfolio is assessed by Corporate. Refer to Note 16. Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Segment operating profit, operating profit and related margins were as follows for the periods indicated:

(a) Margin for corporate & other unallocated costs is presented as a percentage of total sales. Corporate & other unallocated costs includes amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.

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Mobility Technologies

Segment operating profit for our Mobility Technologies segment increased $12.4 million, or 6.6%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin decreased 80 basis points during the same period. The decrease in segment operating profit margin was primarily due to a change in the mix of products sold, due to recent acquisitions, and continued growth investment.

Segment operating profit for our Mobility Technologies segment increased $31.9 million, or 20.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin decreased 30 basis points during the same period. The decrease in segment operating profit margin was primarily due to the net impact of changes in the mix of products sold, due to recent acquisitions, and continued growth investment.

Repair Solutions

Segment operating profit for our Repair Solutions segment increased $0.3 million, or 0.2%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin decreased 170 basis points during the same period. The decrease in segment operating profit margin was primarily due to the impact of reserve-related adjustments to the receivables portfolio.

Segment operating profit for our Repair Solutions segment increased $1.3 million, or 0.8%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin decreased 50 basis points during the same period. The decrease in segment operating profit margin was primarily due to increased costs due to inflationary pressures.

Environmental & Fueling Solutions

Segment operating profit for our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment decreased $37.0 million, or 9.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin increased 70 basis points during the same period. The increase in segment operating profit margin was primarily due to cost savings from restructuring activities and continued price-cost benefits.

Segment operating profit for our Environmental & Fueling Solutions segment decreased $3.8 million, or 0.9%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, and segment operating profit margin decreased 50 basis points during the same period. The decrease in segment operating profit margin was primarily due to a change in the mix of products sold due to the end of the U.S. upgrade cycle for enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payment systems based on the EMV global standards.

Corporate & Other Unallocated Costs

Corporate & other unallocated costs increased $2.3 million, or 1.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase in costs associated with restructuring activities, intangible asset amortization and variable and stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by a decrease in transaction and deal-related costs. Corporate & other unallocated costs as a percentage of total sales increased 20 basis points during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year.

Corporate & other unallocated costs increased $29.6 million, or 16.9%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase in intangible asset amortization from our recent acquisitions. Corporate & other unallocated costs as a percentage of total sales increased 70 basis points during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Core Sales

We define core sales as total sales excluding (i) sales from acquired and certain divested businesses; (ii) the impact of currency translation; and (iii) certain other items.

•References to sales attributable to acquisitions or acquired businesses refer to GAAP sales from acquired businesses recorded prior to the first anniversary of the acquisition less the amount of sales attributable to certain divested or exited businesses or product lines not considered discontinued operations.

•The portion of sales attributable to the impact of currency translation is calculated as the difference between (a) the period-to-period change in sales (excluding sales from acquired businesses) and (b) the period-to-period change in sales, including foreign operations (excluding sales from acquired businesses), after applying the current period foreign exchange rates to the prior year period.

•The portion of sales attributable to other items is calculated as the impact of those items which are not directly correlated to core sales which do not have an impact on the current or comparable period.

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Core sales should be considered in addition to, and not as a replacement for or superior to, total sales, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Management believes that reporting the non-GAAP financial measure of core sales provides useful information to investors by helping identify underlying growth trends in our business and facilitating easier comparisons of our sales performance with our performance in prior and future periods and to our peers. We exclude the effect of acquisitions and certain divestiture-related items because the nature, size and number of such transactions can vary dramatically from period to period and between us and our peers. We exclude the effect of currency translation and certain other items from core sales because these items are either not under management’s control or relate to items not directly correlated to core sales. Management believes the exclusion of these items from core sales may facilitate assessment of underlying business trends and may assist in comparisons of long-term performance.

INTEREST COSTS

Interest expense, net was $93.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $69.6 million during the prior year, an increase of $24.1 million, driven primarily by the impact of increases in interest rates on our variable-rate debt obligations, partially offset by a decrease in our outstanding debt obligations between periods.

For a discussion of our outstanding indebtedness, refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

INCOME TAXES

General

Income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect management’s assessment of current and future taxes expected to be paid on items reflected in our financial statements. Our effective tax rate can be affected by, among other items, changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates (including as a result of business acquisitions and dispositions), changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, the implementation of tax planning strategies, tax rulings, court decisions, settlements with tax authorities and changes in tax laws.

We are routinely examined by various domestic and international taxing authorities. The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. The Company is subject to examination in the United States, various states and foreign jurisdictions. We review our global tax positions on a quarterly basis. Based on these reviews, the results of discussions and resolutions of matters with certain tax authorities, tax rulings and court decisions and the expiration of statutes of limitations reserves for contingent tax liabilities are accrued or adjusted as necessary. The IRS started an examination of the Company’s initial U.S. federal income tax return for the post-Separation period in 2020. At this point, no material issues or adjustments have been identified. The Company remains subject to U.S. Federal income tax audit for 2021 and 2022. The Company is subject to tax audits for its state income tax returns for post-Separation 2020 as well as 2021 and 2022. The Company remains subject to tax audits for its separate company tax returns in various U.S. states for the tax years 2011 to 2022. Our operations in certain foreign jurisdictions remain subject to routine examinations for the tax years 2014 to 2022.

The OECD agreed among over 130 countries on the Pillar Two proposals which establish a global minimum effective tax rate of 15% for multinational groups with annual global revenue exceeding €750 million. Many countries continue to announce changes in their tax laws and regulations based on the Pillar Two proposals, including the European Union (“EU”) Member States which unanimously adopted the EU Pillar Two Directive, providing for a minimum effective tax rate of 15%. EU Member States are required to enact the EU Pillar Two Directive into their national laws by December 31, 2023, with effective dates of January 1, 2024 and January 1, 2025, respectively, for different aspects of the EU Pillar Two Directive. We do not expect the EU Pillar Two Directive to have a significant impact on our financial statements.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the “IRA”) was signed into law, effective January 1, 2023. The IRA implements, among other provisions, a new 15% corporate alternative minimum tax on corporations with over $1 billion of financial statement income and a new 1% excise tax on the aggregate fair market value of stock repurchased by public corporations. We are not subject to the 15% corporate alternative minimum tax but are subject to the 1% excise tax on stock repurchases, however, it did not have a significant impact on our financial results for the year ended December 31, 2023.

For a description of our income tax accounting policies, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 15. Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was 22.0% and 23.9%, respectively. The decrease in our effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year, was primarily due to favorable impacts related to tax credits, non-taxable income, and business reorganizations and divestitures which were offset by an increase to uncertain tax positions.

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the effect of state taxes, foreign derived intangible income, and tax credits. Additionally, there were favorable impacts related to non-taxable income and business reorganizations and divestitures which were offset by an increase to uncertain tax positions.

Our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the effect of recurring items including state taxes, foreign derived intangible income and foreign taxable earnings at a rate different from the U.S. federal statutory rate. Additionally, there were favorable impacts related to non-taxable income.

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Comprehensive income increased by $50.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year. Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes a gain on the sale of the Company’s Global Traffic Technologies business of $34.4 million. Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes a gain on previously held equity interests from combination of business of $32.7 million which relates to a gain recognized on our interest in Driivz prior to acquiring the remaining outstanding shares, unrealized and realized losses on equity securities measured at fair value of $8.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and unfavorable foreign currency translation adjustments of $77.1 million.

Refer to Note 3. Acquisitions to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our acquisition of Driivz, Note 8. Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our investments and Note 21. Divestitures and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale for additional information on the divestiture of our Global Traffic Technologies business.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, credit risk and commodity prices, each of which could impact our financial statements. We generally address our exposure to these risks through our normal operating and financing activities. In addition, our broad-based business activities help to reduce the impact that volatility in any particular area or related areas may have on our operating profit as a whole.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk through fluctuations in interest rates on our debt obligations. As of December 31, 2023, we had $700.0 million outstanding of debt that was subject to variable interest rates. As a result, increases in interest rates could increase the cost of servicing our debt and could materially reduce our profitability and cash flows. We seek to manage exposure to adverse interest rate changes through our normal operating and financing activities.

A hypothetical 100 basis points increase in market interest rates as of December 31, 2023 on our variable-rate debt obligations as of December 31, 2023 would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $7.0 million.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We face transactional exchange rate risk from transactions with customers in countries outside of the United States and from intercompany transactions between affiliates. Transactional exchange rate risk arises from the purchase and sale of goods and services in currencies other than our functional currency or the functional currency of an applicable subsidiary. We also face translational exchange rate risk related to the translation of financial statements of our foreign operations into U.S. dollars, our functional currency. Costs incurred and sales recorded by subsidiaries operating outside of the United States are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates effective during the respective period. As a result, we are exposed to movements in the exchange rates of various currencies against the U.S. dollar. The effect of a change in currency exchange rates on our net investment in international subsidiaries is reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity. A 10% change in major currencies relative to the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2023 would have resulted in an impact to equity of approximately $85 million.

Currency exchange rates negatively impacted reported sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 by 0.6% as compared to the prior year, as the U.S. dollar was, on average, stronger against most major currencies during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to exchange rate levels during the prior year. If the exchange rates in effect as of December 31, 2023 were to prevail throughout the year ended December 31, 2024, currency exchange rates would not have a material impact on our estimated sales for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

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In general, weakening of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies would positively impact our sales and results of operations on an overall basis and strengthening of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies would adversely impact our sales and results of operations.

We have generally accepted the exposure to exchange rate movements without using derivative financial instruments to manage this risk. Both positive and negative movements in currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar will therefore continue to affect the reported amount of sales, profit, and assets and liabilities in our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Credit Risk

We are exposed to potential credit losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to our financial instruments. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist of cash and highly-liquid investment grade cash equivalents, and receivables from customers and franchisees. We place cash and cash equivalents with various high-quality financial institutions throughout the world and exposure is limited at any one institution. Although we typically do not obtain collateral or other security to secure these obligations, we regularly monitor third party depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents. We emphasize safety and liquidity of principal over yield on those funds. Concentrations of credit risk arising from receivables from customers are limited due to the diversity of our customers. We perform credit evaluations of our customers’ financial conditions and also obtain collateral or other security as appropriate. Notwithstanding these efforts, distress in the global economy may increase the difficulty in collecting receivables.

The assumptions used in evaluating our exposure to credit losses associated with our financing receivables portfolio involve estimates and significant judgment. Holding other estimates constant, a hypothetical 100 basis points increase in the expected loss rate on the financing receivables portfolio would have resulted in an increase in the allowance for credit losses of approximately $6.0 million as of December 31, 2023.

No customer accounted for more than 10% of sales during all periods presented.

Commodity Price Risk

For a discussion of risks relating to commodity prices, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. We generate substantial cash from operating activities and believe that our operating cash flow and other sources of liquidity will be sufficient to allow us to continue to support working capital needs, capital expenditures, pay interest and service debt, pay taxes and any related interest or penalties, fund our restructuring activities and pension plans as required, invest in existing businesses, consummate strategic acquisitions, manage our capital structure on a short and long-term basis and support other business needs or objectives. Refer also to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Our long-term debt requires, among others, that we maintain certain financial covenants, and we were in compliance with all of these covenants as of December 31, 2023.

2023 Financing and Capital Transactions

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we completed the following financing and capital transactions:

•Voluntarily repaid $300.0 million of the Three-Year Term Loans Due 2024;

•Repurchased 2.8 million shares for $74.7 million in the open market.

Refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to our long-term indebtedness and Note 20. Capital Stock and Earnings per Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information related to our share repurchases.

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Overview of Cash Flows and Liquidity

Following is an overview of our cash flows and liquidity:

Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities can fluctuate significantly from period to period as working capital needs and the timing of payments for income taxes, restructuring activities and other items impact reported cash flows.

Cash flows from operating activities were $455.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $133.8 million as compared to the prior year. The year-over-year change in operating cash flows was primarily attributable to the following factors:

•The aggregate of accounts receivable and long-term financing receivables used $6.9 million of operating cash flows during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to using $76.9 million in the prior year. The amount of cash flow generated from or used by accounts receivable depends upon how effectively we manage the cash conversion cycle and can be significantly impacted by the timing of collections in a period. Additionally, when we originate certain financing receivables, we assume the financing receivable by decreasing the franchisee’s trade accounts receivable. As a result, originations of certain financing receivables are non-cash transactions.

•The aggregate of other operating assets and liabilities generated $6.8 million of cash during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to using $93.1 million in the prior year. This difference is due primarily to working capital needs and the timing of accruals and payments and tax-related amounts.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $69.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, driven primarily by proceeds from the sale of our Global Traffic Technologies business and equity securities, partially offset by payments for additions to property, plant and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities was $329.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, driven primarily by the cash paid for the acquisitions that closed during the period and payments for additions to property, plant and equipment.

We made capital expenditures of $60.1 million and $60.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $387.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, driven primarily by the voluntary repayment of $300.0 million of the Three-Year Term Loans due 2024 and repurchases of the Company’s common stock of $74.7 million. Net cash used in financing activities was $347.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, driven primarily by repurchases of the Company’s common stock of $328.0 million. We also refinanced $600.0 million of our term loans and made borrowings and repayments under our revolving credit facility, which had net zero impact to financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Share Repurchase Program

Refer to Note 20. Capital Stock and Earnings per Share to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s share repurchase program.

Dividends

We paid regular quarterly cash dividends of $0.025 per share during the year ended December 31, 2023. The declaration of future cash dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our future earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, financial condition and general business conditions.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

As of December 31, 2023, we had $1.6 billion in aggregate principal amount of registered notes and $700.0 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding of term loans. Our obligations to pay principal and interest on the registered notes and term loans are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by Gilbarco Inc. and Matco Tools Corporation, two of Vontier’s wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”). Our other subsidiaries do not guarantee any such indebtedness (collectively, the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”). Refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the terms of our notes and the term loans.

The registered notes and the guarantees thereof are the Company’s and the Guarantor Subsidiaries’ senior unsecured obligations and:

•rank without preference or priority among themselves and equally in right of payment with our existing and any future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, including, without limitation, indebtedness under our credit agreement;

•are senior in right of payment to any of our existing and future indebtedness that is subordinated to the notes;

•are effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the assets securing such indebtedness; and

•are structurally subordinated to all existing and any future indebtedness and any other liabilities of our Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

The following tables present summarized financial information for Vontier Corporation and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis and after the elimination of (a) intercompany transactions and balances between Vontier Corporation and the Guarantor Subsidiaries and (b) equity in earnings from and investments in the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

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Cash and Cash Requirements

As of December 31, 2023, we held approximately $340.9 million of cash and cash equivalents that were held in either operating accounts or invested in highly liquid investment-grade instruments with a maturity of 90 days or less with an annual effective rate generally around 5.0% as of December 31, 2023. Approximately 50% of our cash was held outside of the United States.

We have made an assertion regarding the amount of earnings that we do not intend to repatriate due to local working capital needs, local law restrictions, high foreign remittance costs, previous investments in physical assets and acquisitions, or future growth needs. Such earnings are intended for indefinite foreign reinvestment and no provision for income taxes has been made. The amount of income taxes that may be applicable to such earnings is not readily determinable given the unknown duration of local law restrictions as applicable to such earnings, unknown changes in foreign tax law that may occur during the restriction periods, and the various alternatives we could employ if we repatriated these earnings. The cash that our foreign subsidiaries hold for indefinite reinvestment is generally used to finance foreign operations and investments, including acquisitions.

We have cash requirements to support working capital needs, capital expenditures, pay interest and service debt, pay taxes and any related interest or penalties, fund our restructuring activities and pension plans as required and support other business needs or objectives. Refer to Note 10. Leases and Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on our contractual obligations and the timing of expected future payments under our lease and debt agreements, respectively.

We also have purchase obligations which consist of agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on us and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions and the approximate timing of the transaction. As of December 31, 2023, we had purchase obligations of $205.9 million, with $198.6 million payable in the next 12 months.

With respect to our cash requirements, we generally intend to use available cash and internally generated funds to meet these cash requirements, but in the event that additional liquidity is required, particularly in connection with acquisitions, we may also borrow under our credit facilities, enter into new credit facilities and borrow directly thereunder and/or access the capital markets. As of December 31, 2023, we had $750.0 million of borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility. We also may from time to time access the capital markets, including to take advantage of favorable interest rate environments or other market conditions.

As of December 31, 2023, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our cash needs.

Guarantees

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had guarantees consisting primarily of outstanding standby letters of credit, bank guarantees, and performance and bid bonds of $79.2 million. These guarantees have been provided in connection with certain arrangements with vendors, customers, financing counterparties, and governmental entities to secure the Company’s obligations and/or performance requirements related to specific transactions.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 18. Litigation and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding legal proceedings, contingencies, and guarantees. For a discussion of risks related to legal proceedings and contingencies, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and judgments on historical experience, the current economic environment and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates and judgments.

We believe the following accounting estimates are most critical to an understanding of our financial statements. Estimates are considered to be critical if they meet both of the following criteria: (i) the estimate requires assumptions about material matters that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and (ii) material changes in the estimate are reasonably likely from period to period. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting estimates, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Accounts and Financing Receivables

We maintain allowances for credit losses to reflect expected credit losses inherent in our portfolio of receivables. Determination of the allowances requires us to exercise judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the allowances and, therefore, net earnings. The allowances for credit losses represent management’s best estimate of the credit losses expected from our trade accounts and financing receivables portfolios over the remaining contractual life. We pool assets with similar risk characteristics for this measurement based on attributes that may include asset type, duration, and/or credit risk rating. The future expected losses of each pool are estimated based on numerous quantitative and qualitative factors reflecting management’s estimate of collectability over the remaining contractual life of the pooled assets, including:

•portfolio duration;

•historical, current, and forecasted future loss experience by asset type;

•historical, current, and forecasted delinquency and write-off trends;

•historical, current, and forecasted economic conditions; and

•historical, current, and forecasted credit risk.

We regularly perform detailed reviews of our accounts receivable and financing receivables portfolios to determine if changes in the aforementioned qualitative and quantitative factors have impacted the adequacy of the allowances.

Inventories

We record inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. We estimate the net realizable value of inventory based on assumptions of future demand and related pricing. Estimating the net realizable value of inventory is inherently uncertain because levels of demand, technological advances and pricing competition in many of our markets can fluctuate significantly from period to period due to circumstances beyond our control. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, we could be required to reduce the value of our inventory, which would adversely impact our financial statements.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill arises from the purchase price for acquired businesses exceeding the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired less assumed liabilities. In accordance with accounting standards related to business combinations, neither goodwill nor indefinite-lived intangible assets are amortized; however, certain definite-lived identifiable intangible assets, primarily customer relationships, acquired technology and trade names, are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

Goodwill arises from the purchase price for acquired businesses exceeding the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired less assumed liabilities. We assess the goodwill of each of our reporting units for impairment at least annually as of the first day of the fourth quarter or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill may not be recoverable.

When evaluating for impairment, we may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, or if we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying amount, we will calculate the estimated fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset. Our decision to perform a qualitative impairment assessment for an individual reporting unit in a given year is influenced by a number of factors, inclusive of the size of the reporting unit's goodwill, the significance of the excess of the reporting unit's estimated fair value over carrying value at the last quantitative assessment date, the amount of time in between quantitative fair value assessments and the date of acquisition.

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In the first quarter of 2023, we realigned our internal organization, as further discussed in Note 16. Segment Information, which resulted in a decrease in the number of reporting units for goodwill impairment testing from seven reporting units to five reporting units. For historical reporting units that were divided among our new reporting units after the realignment, we used the relative fair value method to reallocate goodwill to the new reporting units. We performed a qualitative goodwill impairment test immediately prior to and following the change in reporting units. Factors we considered in the qualitative assessment included general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance of our reporting units, events or changes affecting the composition or carrying value of the net assets of our reporting units, information related to market multiples of peer companies and other relevant entity specific events. Based on our assessment, we determined on the basis of the qualitative and quantitative factors that the fair values of the reporting units were more likely than not greater than their respective carrying values both immediately prior to and following the change in reporting units, and therefore, a quantitative test was not required.

As part of our 2023 annual impairment analysis, we elected to apply the qualitative goodwill impairment assessment guidance in ASC 350-20, Goodwill, for all four of our reporting units as of the assessment date, or approximately $1.7 billion of goodwill as of the assessment date. Factors we considered in the qualitative assessment included general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance of our reporting units, events or changes affecting the composition or carrying value of the net assets of our reporting units, information related to market multiples of peer companies and other relevant entity specific events. Based on our assessment we determined on the basis of the qualitative and quantitative factors, that the fair values of the reporting units were more likely than not greater than their respective carrying values, and therefore, a quantitative test was not required.

If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, goodwill impairment is determined by using a quantitative approach. We identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit, determined using various valuation techniques, with the primary technique being a discounted cash flow analysis, to its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.

We review identified intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Determining whether an impairment loss occurred requires a comparison of the carrying amount to the sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. We also test intangible assets with indefinite lives at least annually for impairment. In these analyses management considers general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, financial performance and other entity and asset specific events and may require management to make judgments and estimates about future revenues, expenses, market conditions and discount rates related to these assets.

If actual results are not consistent with management’s estimates and assumptions, goodwill and other intangible assets may be overstated, and a charge would need to be taken against net earnings which would adversely affect our financial statements. No goodwill or other intangible assets impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Contingent Liabilities

We are, from time to time, subject to a variety of litigation and similar contingent liabilities incidental to our business or the business operations of previously owned entities. We recognize a liability for any contingency that is known or probable of occurrence and reasonably estimable. These assessments require judgments concerning matters such as litigation developments and outcomes, the anticipated outcome of negotiations, the number of future claims and the cost of both pending and future claims. In addition, outside risk insurance professionals may assist in the determination of reserves for incurred but not yet reported claims through evaluation of our specific loss history, actual claims reported, and industry trends among statistical and other factors. Reserve estimates are adjusted as additional information regarding a claim becomes known. If the reserves established with respect to these contingent liabilities are inadequate, we would be required to incur an expense equal to the amount of the loss incurred in excess of the reserves, which would adversely affect our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenues from the sale of products and services. For revenue related to a product or service to qualify for recognition, we must have an enforceable contract with a customer that defines the goods or services to be transferred and the payment terms related to those goods or services. Further, collection of substantially all consideration for the goods or services transferred must be probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. We apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a combination of financial and qualitative factors, including the customers’ financial condition, collateral, debt-servicing ability, past payment experience and credit bureau information.

Customer allowances and rebates, consisting primarily of volume discounts and other short-term incentive programs, are considered in determining the transaction price for the contract. Significant judgment is exercised in determining product returns, customer allowances and rebates, which are estimated based on historical experience and known trends.

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Certain customer arrangements, including our SaaS product offerings, include multiple performance obligations, typically hardware, installation, training, consulting, services and/or post-contract customer support (“PCS”). The Company allocates the contract transaction price to each performance obligation using the observable price that the good or service sells for separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers, and/or a residual approach when the observable selling price of a good or service is not known and is either highly variable or uncertain. Allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation may require judgment.

If our judgments regarding revenue recognition prove incorrect, our reported revenues in particular periods may be adversely affected. Historically, our estimates of revenue have been materially correct.

Income Taxes

In accordance with GAAP, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years for which the tax benefit has already been reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. This requires the Company to make judgments and estimates regarding the timing and amount of the reversal of taxable temporary differences, expected future taxable income and the impact of tax planning strategies.

We provide for unrecognized tax benefits when, based upon the technical merits, it is “more-likely-than-not” that an uncertain tax position will not be sustained upon examination. Judgment is required in evaluating tax positions and determining income tax provisions. We re-evaluate the technical merits of our tax positions and may recognize an uncertain tax benefit in certain circumstances, including when: (i) a tax audit is completed; (ii) applicable tax laws change, including a tax case ruling or legislative guidance; or (iii) the applicable statute of limitations expires. We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense.

Business Combinations

Accounting for business combinations requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date, for intangible assets. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based, in part, on historical experience and information obtained from management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired include, but are not limited to, estimates about future results such as revenues, margin, net working capital and other valuation assumptions such as useful lives, royalty rates, attrition rates and discount rates. The discount rates used to discount expected future cash flows to present value are typically derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and adjusted to reflect inherent risks. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect either the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding new accounting standards.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management and is intended to help the reader understand the results and operations and financial condition of the Company. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2022.

OVERVIEW

General

Vontier is a global industrial technology company at the forefront of solving next-generation mobility challenges. Guided by the Vontier Business System and an unwavering commitment to our customers, we deliver smart, sustainable solutions for the road ahead by focusing on critical technical equipment, components, and software and services for manufacturing, repair and servicing in the mobility ecosystem worldwide. We supply a wide range of solutions spanning advanced environmental sensors; fueling equipment; field payment hardware; point-of sale, workflow and monitoring software; vehicle tracking and fleet management; software solutions for traffic light control; and vehicle mechanics’ and technicians’ equipment. We market our products and services to retail and commercial fueling operators, convenience store and in-bay car wash operators, tunnel car wash businesses, commercial vehicle repair businesses, municipal governments and public safety entities and fleet owners/operators on a global basis. Refer to “Item 1. Business – General” included in this Annual Report for a discussion of our strategies for delivering long-term shareholder value.

Business Performance

Vontier experienced broad-based organic growth across its platforms and geographies during the year ended December 31, 2022, despite challenging global macroeconomic conditions, as total sales increased 6.5% during the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in total sales was primarily driven by a 6.5% increase from our recent acquisitions and a 2.6% increase in sales from existing businesses, partially offset by changes in foreign currency exchange rates which negatively impacted our sales growth by 2.6% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year.

Outlook

We expect overall sales and sales from existing businesses to decline on a year-over-year basis in 2023 due to the lower rate of demand related to the end of the upgrade cycle for enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payment systems based on the EMV global standards. Excluding this impact, we expect sales from existing businesses to increase mid single digits. Our outlook is subject to various assumptions and risks, including but not limited to the resilience and durability of the economies of the United States and other critical regions, ongoing challenges with global logistics and supply chain including the availability of electronic components, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, market conditions in key end product segments, and the impact of energy disruption in Europe. Additional uncertainties are identified in “Information Relating to Forward-Looking Statements” in this Form 10-K.

We continue to monitor the macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions which may impact our business, including the COVID-19 pandemic, monetary and fiscal policies, international trade and relations between the U.S., China and other nations, and investment and taxation policy initiatives being considered in the United States and by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. We also continue to monitor the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and the impact on our business and operations. As of the filing date of this report, we do not believe they are material.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Results of Operations

Components of Sales Growth

Total sales within our mobility technologies platform increased high single digits during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year. This increase was driven by high single digit growth from our recent acquisitions and low single digit growth from our existing businesses, partially offset by a low single digit decrease due to the impact of currency translation. Our existing businesses in our mobility technologies platform experienced growth from price increases, as well as strong demand across the alternative energy and environmental and aftermarket businesses, which were partially offset by the lower rate of demand related to the end of the upgrade cycle for enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payment systems based on the EMV global standards as well as the end of the Mexico fiscal regulation upgrades.

Total sales and sales from existing businesses within our diagnostics and repair technologies platform increased low single digits during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year, driven primarily by growth from price increases and continued strong demand across most product categories, most notably hardline and powered tools, which were partially offset by a decrease from the discontinuance of our wheel weights product line.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales increased $98.5 million, or 5.9%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to our recent acquisitions as well as increased costs from inflationary pressures.

Gross Profit

Gross profit increased $95.2 million, or 7.1%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to our recent acquisitions and the net impact of the Company’s price increases offset by increased costs due to inflationary pressures. Gross profit margin increased slightly during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year.

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Operating Costs and Other Expenses

SG&A expenses increased $84.2 million, or 13.5%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year and as a percentage of sales, increased 140 basis points during the same period. This increase was primarily driven by SG&A expenses from our recent acquisitions, as well as a $35.6 million increase in intangible asset amortization expense and a $21.9 million increase in transaction- and deal-related costs during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year.

R&D expenses (consisting principally of internal and contract engineering personnel costs) increased $15.3 million, or 11.8%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to the impact of our recent acquisitions. R&D expense as a percentage of sales was relatively flat during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year.

Operating Profit

Operating profit decreased $4.3 million, or 0.7%, during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, and operating profit margins decreased 140 basis points during the same period. This decrease was primarily due to the increase in gross profit, offset by the increases in SG&A expenses and R&D expenses, as discussed above.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Sales from Existing Businesses

We define sales from existing businesses as total sales excluding (i) sales from acquired and certain divested businesses; (ii) the impact of currency translation; and (iii) certain other items.

•References to sales attributable to acquisitions or acquired businesses refer to GAAP sales from acquired businesses recorded prior to the first anniversary of the acquisition less the amount of sales attributable to certain divested businesses or product lines not considered discontinued operations.

•The portion of sales attributable to the impact of currency translation is calculated as the difference between (a) the period-to-period change in sales (excluding sales from acquired businesses) and (b) the period-to-period change in sales, including foreign operations, (excluding sales from acquired businesses) after applying the current period foreign exchange rates to the prior year period.

•The portion of sales attributable to other items is calculated as the impact of those items which are not directly correlated to sales from existing businesses which do not have an impact on the current or comparable period.

Sales from existing businesses should be considered in addition to, and not as a replacement for or superior to, total sales, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Management believes that reporting the non-GAAP financial measure of sales from existing businesses provides useful information to investors by helping identify underlying growth trends in our business and facilitating easier comparisons of our sales performance with our performance in prior and future periods and to our peers. We exclude the effect of acquisitions and certain divestiture-related items because the nature, size and number of such transactions can vary dramatically from period to period and between us and our peers. We exclude the effect of currency translation and certain other items from sales from existing businesses because these items are either not under management’s control or relate to items not directly correlated to sales from existing businesses. Management believes the exclusion of these items from sales from existing businesses may facilitate assessment of underlying business trends and may assist in comparisons of long-term performance. References to sales volume refer to the impact of both price and unit sales.

INTEREST COSTS

Interest expense, net was $69.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $47.8 million during the prior year, an increase of $21.8 million, driven primarily by higher average debt balances during the year and the impact of increases in interest rates on our variable-rate debt obligations.

For a discussion of our outstanding indebtedness, refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

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INCOME TAXES

General

Income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect management’s assessment of future taxes expected to be paid on items reflected in our financial statements. Our effective tax rate can be affected by, among other items, changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates (including as a result of business acquisitions and dispositions), changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, the implementation of tax planning strategies, tax rulings, court decisions, settlements with tax authorities and changes in tax laws.

We are routinely examined by various domestic and international taxing authorities. The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. The Company is subject to examination in the United States, various states and foreign jurisdictions. We review our global tax positions on a quarterly basis. Based on these reviews, the results of discussions and resolutions of matters with certain tax authorities, tax rulings and court decisions and the expiration of statutes of limitations reserves for contingent tax liabilities are accrued or adjusted as necessary.

Pursuant to U.S. tax law, the Company’s initial U.S. federal income tax return for the post-separation period was filed in October 2021. We filed our first full year U.S. federal income tax return for 2021 with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) in October 2022. The IRS has not yet begun an examination of the Company. The Company remains subject to tax audit for its separate company tax returns in various U.S. states for the tax years 2011 to 2021. Our operations in certain foreign jurisdictions remain subject to routine examination for the tax years 2009 to 2021.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the “IRA”) was signed into law, effective January 1, 2023. The IRA implements, among other provisions, a new 15% corporate alternative minimum tax on corporations with over $1 billion of financial statement income and a new 1% excise tax on the aggregate fair market value of stock repurchased by public corporations. We will not be subject to the 15% corporate alternative minimum tax. We anticipate being subject to the 1% excise tax on stock repurchases, however, we do not expect it to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position. We will continue to monitor as new guidance becomes available.

For a description of our income tax accounting policies, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 15. Income Taxes to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 23.9% and 22.7%, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for 2022 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% due primarily to the effect of recurring items including state taxes, foreign derived intangible income, and foreign taxable earnings at a rate different from the U.S. federal statutory rate. Additionally, there was a favorable impact related to non-taxable income.

Our effective tax rate for 2021 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% due primarily to the effect of recurring items including state taxes, foreign derived intangible income, and foreign taxable earnings at a rate different from the U.S. federal statutory rate. Additionally, there was a favorable impact related to non-taxable income.

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Comprehensive income decreased by $75.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency translation adjustments of $63.7 million.

Comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes a gain on previously held equity interests from combination of business of $32.7 million which relates to a gain recognized on our interest in Driivz prior to acquiring the remaining outstanding shares. Refer to Note 3. Acquisitions to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information on our acquisition of Driivz. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized an unrealized loss on equity securities measured at fair value of $8.7 million and a realized loss of $3.1 million. Refer to Note 8. Fair Value Measurements to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information on our investments.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, credit risk and commodity prices, each of which could impact our financial statements. We generally address our exposure to these risks through our normal operating and financing activities. In addition, our broad-based business activities help to reduce the impact that volatility in any particular area or related areas may have on our operating profit as a whole.

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Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk through fluctuations in interest rates on our debt obligations. As of December 31, 2022, we had $1.0 billion outstanding of debt that was subject to variable interest rates. As a result, increases in interest rates could increase the cost of servicing our debt and could materially reduce our profitability and cash flows. We seek to manage exposure to adverse interest rate changes through our normal operating and financing activities.

A hypothetical 100 basis points increase in market interest rates as of December 31, 2022 on our variable-rate debt obligations as of December 31, 2022 would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $10.0 million.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We face transactional exchange rate risk from transactions with customers in countries outside of the United States and from intercompany transactions between affiliates. Transactional exchange rate risk arises from the purchase and sale of goods and services in currencies other than our functional currency or the functional currency of an applicable subsidiary. We also face translational exchange rate risk related to the translation of financial statements of our foreign operations into U.S. dollars, our functional currency. Costs incurred and sales recorded by subsidiaries operating outside of the United States are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates effective during the respective period. As a result, we are exposed to movements in the exchange rates of various currencies against the U.S. dollar. The effect of a change in currency exchange rates on our net investment in international subsidiaries is reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity. A 10% change in major currencies relative to the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2022 would have resulted in an impact to equity of approximately $88 million.

Currency exchange rates negatively impacted reported sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 by 2.6% as compared to the prior year, as the U.S. dollar was, on average, stronger against most major currencies during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to exchange rate levels during the prior year. If the exchange rates in effect as of December 31, 2022 were to prevail throughout the year ended December 31, 2023, currency exchange rates would negatively impact estimated sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 by less than 1% compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.

In general, weakening of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies would positively impact our sales and results of operations on an overall basis and strengthening of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies would adversely impact our sales and results of operations.

We have generally accepted the exposure to exchange rate movements without using derivative financial instruments to manage this risk. Both positive and negative movements in currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar will therefore continue to affect the reported amount of sales, profit, and assets and liabilities in our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

Credit Risk

We are exposed to potential credit losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to our financial instruments. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist of cash and highly-liquid investment grade cash equivalents, and receivables from customers and franchisees. We place cash and cash equivalents with various high-quality financial institutions throughout the world and exposure is limited at any one institution. Although we typically do not obtain collateral or other security to secure these obligations, we regularly monitor third party depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents. We emphasize safety and liquidity of principal over yield on those funds. Concentrations of credit risk arising from receivables from customers are limited due to the diversity of our customers. We perform credit evaluations of our customers’ financial conditions and also obtain collateral or other security as appropriate. Notwithstanding these efforts, the current distress in the global economy may increase the difficulty in collecting receivables.

The assumptions used in evaluating our exposure to credit losses associated with our financing receivables portfolio involve estimates and significant judgment. Holding other estimates constant, a hypothetical 100 basis points increase in the expected loss rate on the financing receivables portfolio would have resulted in an increase in the allowance for credit losses of approximately $5.0 million as of December 31, 2022.

No customer accounted for more than 10% of sales during all periods presented.

Commodity Price Risk

For a discussion of risks relating to commodity prices, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. We generate substantial cash from operating activities and believe that our operating cash flow and other sources of liquidity will be sufficient to allow us to continue to invest in existing businesses, consummate strategic acquisitions, make interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness, and manage our capital structure on a short and long-term basis. Refer also to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information.

2022 Financing and Capital Transactions

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we completed the following financing and capital transactions:

•Entered into and settled a $250.0 million accelerated share repurchase program under which we received 10.0 million shares;

•Repurchased 3.7 million shares in the open market;

•Entered into a three-year, $600.0 million senior unsecured delayed-draw term loan on October 28, 2022 and drew down the full $600.0 million on December 30, 2022; and

•With the proceeds received from the draw, we repaid our $600.0 million two-year term loan that was due on September 13, 2023.

Our long-term debt requires, among others, that we maintain certain financial covenants, and we were in compliance with all of these covenants as of December 31, 2022.

Refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for more information related to our long-term indebtedness and to Note 19. Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for more information related to our share repurchases.

Overview of Cash Flows and Liquidity

Following is an overview of our cash flows and liquidity:

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Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities can fluctuate significantly from period to period as working capital needs and the timing of payments for income taxes, restructuring activities and other items impact reported cash flows.

Cash flows from operating activities were $321.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $159.9 million as compared to the prior year. The year-over-year change in operating cash flows was primarily attributable to the following factors:

•The aggregate of accounts receivable and long-term financing receivables used $76.9 million of operating cash flows during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to using $4.2 million in the prior year. The amount of cash flow generated from or used by accounts receivable depends upon how effectively we manage the cash conversion cycle and can be significantly impacted by the timing of collections in a period. Additionally, when we originate certain financing receivables, we assume the financing receivable by decreasing the franchisee’s trade accounts receivable. As a result, originations of certain financing receivables are non-cash transactions.

•The aggregate of other operating assets and liabilities used $93.1 million of cash during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to using $6.6 million in the prior year. This difference is due primarily to working capital needs and the timing of accruals and payments and tax-related amounts.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $677.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in the cash paid for acquisitions. Refer to Note 3. Acquisitions to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for discussion of our acquisitions during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

We made capital expenditures of approximately $60.0 million and $47.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $347.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, driven primarily by repurchases of the Company’s common stock of $328.0 million. We also refinanced $600.0 million of our term loans and made borrowings and repayments under our revolving credit facility, which had net zero impact to financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities was $725.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, driven primarily by the issuance of $1.6 billion of notes and the receipt of $600.0 million of proceeds from our delayed-draw term loan, which was partially offset by the repayment of $1.4 billion of Term Loans.

Share Repurchase Program

Refer to Note 19. Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s stock repurchase program.

Dividends

We paid regular quarterly cash dividends of $0.025 per share during the year ended December 31, 2022. The declaration of future cash dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other things, our future earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, financial condition and general business conditions.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

As of December 31, 2022, we had $1.6 billion in aggregate principal amount of the Notes and $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Term Loans. Our obligations to pay principal and interest on the Notes and Term Loans are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by the Guarantors. Our other subsidiaries do not guarantee any such indebtedness (collectively, “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”). Refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information regarding the terms of our Notes and the Term Loans.

The Notes and the guarantees thereof are the Company’s and the guarantors’ senior unsecured obligations and:

•rank without preference or priority among themselves and equally in right of payment with our existing and any future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, including, without limitation, indebtedness under our credit agreement;

•are senior in right of payment to any of our existing and future indebtedness that is subordinated to the notes;

•are effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the assets securing such indebtedness; and

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•are structurally subordinated to all existing and any future indebtedness and any other liabilities of our non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

The following tables present summarized financial information for Vontier Corporation and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis and after the elimination of (a) intercompany transactions and balances between Vontier Corporation and the Guarantor Subsidiaries and (b) equity in earnings from and investments in the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

Cash and Cash Requirements

As of December 31, 2022, we held approximately $204.5 million of cash and cash equivalents that were held in either operating accounts or invested in highly liquid investment-grade instruments with a maturity of 90 days or less with an annual effective rate generally around 4.0% as of December 31, 2022. Approximately 60% of our cash was held outside of the United States.

We have made an assertion regarding the amount of earnings that we do not intend to repatriate due to local working capital needs, local law restrictions, high foreign remittance costs, previous investments in physical assets and acquisitions, or future growth needs. Such earnings are intended for indefinite foreign reinvestment and no provision for income taxes has been made. The amount of income taxes that may be applicable to such earnings is not readily determinable given the unknown duration of local law restrictions as applicable to such earnings, unknown changes in foreign tax law that may occur during the restriction periods, and the various alternatives we could employ if we repatriated these earnings. The cash that our foreign subsidiaries hold for indefinite reinvestment is generally used to finance foreign operations and investments, including acquisitions.

We have cash requirements to support working capital needs, capital expenditures, pay interest and service debt, pay taxes and any related interest or penalties, fund our restructuring activities and pension plans as required and support other business needs or objectives. Refer to Note 10. Leases and Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for further details on our contractual obligations and the timing of expected future payments under our lease and debt agreements, respectively.

We also have purchase obligations which consist of agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on us and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, fixed, minimum or variable price provisions and the approximate timing of the transaction. As of December 31, 2022, we had purchase obligations of $246.3 million, with $228.6 million payable in the next 12 months.

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With respect to our cash requirements, we generally intend to use available cash and internally generated funds to meet these cash requirements, but in the event that additional liquidity is required, particularly in connection with acquisitions, we may also borrow under our credit facilities, enter into new credit facilities and borrow directly thereunder and/or access the capital markets. As of December 31, 2022, we had $750.0 million of borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility. We also may from time to time access the capital markets, including to take advantage of favorable interest rate environments or other market conditions.

As of December 31, 2022, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our cash needs.

Guarantees

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had guarantees consisting primarily of outstanding standby letters of credit, bank guarantees, and performance and bid bonds of $84.0 million and $92.6 million, respectively. These guarantees have been provided in connection with certain arrangements with vendors, customers, financing counterparties, and governmental entities to secure the Company’s obligations and/or performance requirements related to specific transactions. The Company believes that if the obligations under these instruments were triggered, they would not have a material effect on the financial statements.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Note 17. Litigation and Contingencies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for information regarding legal proceedings, contingencies, and guarantees. For a discussion of risks related to legal proceedings and contingencies, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and judgments on historical experience, the current economic environment and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates and judgments.

We believe the following accounting estimates are most critical to an understanding of our financial statements. Estimates are considered to be critical if they meet both of the following criteria: (i) the estimate requires assumptions about material matters that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and (ii) material changes in the estimate are reasonably likely from period to period. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting estimates, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

Accounts and Financing Receivables

We maintain allowances for credit losses to reflect expected credit losses inherent in our portfolio of receivables. Determination of the allowances requires us to exercise judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the allowances and, therefore, net earnings. The allowances for credit losses represent management’s best estimate of the credit losses expected from our trade accounts and financing receivables portfolios over the remaining contractual life. We pool assets with similar risk characteristics for this measurement based on attributes that may include asset type, duration, and/or credit risk rating. The future expected losses of each pool are estimated based on numerous quantitative and qualitative factors reflecting management’s estimate of collectability over the remaining contractual life of the pooled assets, including:

•portfolio duration;

•historical, current, and forecasted future loss experience by asset type;

•historical, current, and forecasted delinquency and write-off trends;

•historical, current, and forecasted economic conditions; and

•historical, current, and forecasted credit risk.

We regularly perform detailed reviews of our accounts receivable and financing receivables portfolios to determine if changes in the aforementioned qualitative and quantitative factors have impacted the adequacy of the allowances.

Inventories

We record inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. We estimate the net realizable value of inventory based on assumptions of future demand and related pricing. Estimating the net realizable value of inventory is inherently uncertain because levels of demand, technological advances and pricing competition in many of our markets can fluctuate significantly from period to

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period due to circumstances beyond our control. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, we could be required to reduce the value of our inventory, which would adversely impact our financial statements.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets result from our acquisition of existing businesses. In accordance with accounting standards related to business combinations, neither goodwill nor indefinite-lived intangible assets are amortized; however, certain definite-lived identifiable intangible assets, primarily customer relationships, acquired technology and trade names, are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

Goodwill arises from the purchase price for acquired businesses exceeding the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired less assumed liabilities. We assess the goodwill of each of our reporting units for impairment at least annually as of the first day of the fourth quarter or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill may not be recoverable.

When evaluating for impairment, the Company may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If the Company does not perform a qualitative assessment, or if it determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying amount, the Company will calculate the estimated fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset. The Company’s decision to perform a qualitative impairment assessment for an individual reporting unit in a given year is influenced by a number of factors, inclusive of the size of the reporting unit's goodwill, the significance of the excess of the reporting unit's estimated fair value over carrying value at the last quantitative assessment date, the amount of time in between quantitative fair value assessments and the date of acquisition.

As part of our 2022 annual impairment analysis, we elected to apply the qualitative goodwill impairment assessment guidance in ASC 350-20, Goodwill, for all 7 of our reporting units, or approximately $1.8 billion of goodwill as of the assessment date (which includes reporting units that are held for sale). Factors we consider in the qualitative assessment include general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance of our reporting units, events or changes affecting the composition or carrying value of the net assets of our reporting units, information related to market multiples of peer companies and other relevant entity specific events. Based on our assessment we determined on the basis of the qualitative and quantitative factors, that the fair values of the reporting units were more likely than not greater than their respective carrying values; and therefore, a quantitative test was not required.

If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, goodwill impairment is determined by using a quantitative approach. We identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit, determined using various valuation techniques, with the primary technique being a discounted cash flow analysis, to its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.

A non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $85.3 million was recorded against our Telematics reporting unit as a result of our quantitative impairment assessment on March 27, 2020. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Refer to Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Telematics impairment charge.

We review identified intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Determining whether an impairment loss occurred requires a comparison of the carrying amount to the sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. We also test intangible assets with indefinite lives at least annually for impairment. In these analyses management considers general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, financial performance and other entity and asset specific events and may require management to make judgments and estimates about future revenues, expenses, market conditions and discount rates related to these assets.

If actual results are not consistent with management’s estimates and assumptions, goodwill and other intangible assets may be overstated, and a charge would need to be taken against net earnings which would adversely affect our financial statements.

Contingent Liabilities

We are, from time to time, subject to a variety of litigation and similar contingent liabilities incidental to our business or the business operations of previously owned entities. We recognize a liability for any contingency that is known or probable of occurrence and reasonably estimable. These assessments require judgments concerning matters such as litigation developments and outcomes, the anticipated outcome of negotiations, the number of future claims and the cost of both pending and future claims. In addition, outside risk insurance professionals may assist in the determination of reserves for incurred but not yet reported claims through evaluation of our specific loss history, actual claims reported, and industry trends among statistical and other factors. Reserve estimates are adjusted as additional information regarding a claim becomes known. If the reserves established with respect to these contingent liabilities are

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inadequate, we would be required to incur an expense equal to the amount of the loss incurred in excess of the reserves, which would adversely affect our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenues from the sale of products and services. For revenue related to a product or service to qualify for recognition, we must have an enforceable contract with a customer that defines the goods or services to be transferred and the payment terms related to those goods or services. Further, collection of substantially all consideration for the goods or services transferred must be probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. We apply judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a combination of financial and qualitative factors, including the customers’ financial condition, collateral, debt-servicing ability, past payment experience and credit bureau information.

Customer allowances and rebates, consisting primarily of volume discounts and other short-term incentive programs, are considered in determining the transaction price for the contract. Significant judgment is exercised in determining product returns, customer allowances and rebates, which are estimated based on historical experience and known trends.

Certain customer arrangements include multiple performance obligations, typically hardware, installation, training, consulting, services and/or post-contract customer support (“PCS”). The Company allocates the contract transaction price to each performance obligation using the observable price that the good or service sells for separately in similar circumstances and to similar customers, and/or a residual approach when the observable selling price of a good or service is not known and is either highly variable or uncertain. Allocating the transaction price to each performance obligation may require judgment.

If our judgments regarding revenue recognition prove incorrect, our reported revenues in particular periods may be adversely affected. Historically, our estimates of revenue have been materially correct.

Stock-Based Compensation

Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of stock option awards require subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the awards, stock price volatility, dividend rate and expected forfeiture rate. For our performance stock units (“PSUs”), we make assumptions, which are reviewed on a quarterly basis, regarding the probability of achieving the relevant performance conditions.

We estimate expected forfeitures of equity awards at the date of grant and recognize compensation expense only for those awards expected to vest. Our forfeiture assumption is revised if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent our best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and estimates, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.

Income Taxes

In accordance with GAAP, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years for which the tax benefit has already been reflected in our Consolidated and Combined Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. This requires the Company to make judgments and estimates regarding the timing and amount of the reversal of taxable temporary differences, expected future taxable income and the impact of tax planning strategies.

We provide for unrecognized tax benefits when, based upon the technical merits, it is “more-likely-than-not” that an uncertain tax position will not be sustained upon examination. Judgment is required in evaluating tax positions and determining income tax provisions. We re-evaluate the technical merits of our tax positions and may recognize an uncertain tax benefit in certain circumstances, including when: (i) a tax audit is completed; (ii) applicable tax laws change, including a tax case ruling or legislative guidance; or (iii) the applicable statute of limitations expires. We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense.

Business Combinations

Accounting for business combinations requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date, for intangible assets. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based, in part, on historical experience and information obtained from management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired include, but are not limited

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to, estimates about future results such as revenues, margin, net working capital and other valuation assumptions such as useful lives, royalty rates, attrition rates and discount rates. The discount rates used to discount expected future cash flows to present value are typically derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and adjusted to reflect inherent risks. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect either the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

Corporate Allocations

We have historically operated as part of Fortive and not as a stand-alone company. Accordingly, certain shared costs have been allocated to us and are reflected as expenses in the accompanying Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements from January 1, 2020 through the date of the Separation. Management considers the allocation methodologies used to be reasonable and appropriate reflections of the related expenses attributable to us for purposes of the carved-out financial statements; however, the expenses reflected in these financial statements may not be indicative of the actual expenses that would have been incurred during the periods presented if we had operated as a separate stand-alone entity. In addition, the expenses reflected in the financial statements may not be indicative of expenses that will be incurred in the future by us.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for information regarding new accounting standards.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Vontier Corporation (“Vontier,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a global industrial technology company that focuses on critical technical equipment, components, software and services for manufacturing, repair, and servicing in the mobility infrastructure industry worldwide. The Company supplies a wide range of mobility technologies and diagnostics and repair technologies solutions spanning advanced environmental sensors; fueling equipment; field payment hardware; point-of sale, workflow and monitoring software; vehicle tracking and fleet management; software solutions for traffic light control; and vehicle mechanics’ and technicians’ equipment. The Company markets its products and services to retail and commercial fueling operators, convenience store and in-bay car wash operators, tunnel car wash businesses, commercial vehicle repair businesses, municipal governments and public safety entities and fleet owners/operators on a global basis.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management and is intended to help the reader understand the results and operations and financial condition of the Company. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

Discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2021.

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements present our historical financial position, results of operations, changes in equity and cash flows in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The combined financial statements for periods prior to the Separation were derived from Fortive’s consolidated financial statements and accounting records and prepared in accordance with GAAP for the preparation of carved-out combined financial statements. Through the date of the Separation, all revenues and costs as well as assets and liabilities directly associated with Vontier have been included in the combined financial statements. Prior to the Separation, the combined financial statements also include allocations of certain general, administrative, sales and marketing expenses from Fortive’s corporate office and from other Fortive businesses to the Company and allocations of related assets, liabilities, and the Former Parent’s investment, as applicable. The allocations were determined on a reasonable basis; however, the amounts are not necessarily representative of the amounts that would have been reflected in the financial statements had the Company been an entity that operated independently of Fortive during the applicable periods. Related-party allocations prior to the Separation, including the method for such allocation, are discussed further in Note 20. Related-Party Transactions.

Following the Separation, the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Vontier and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and no longer include any allocations from Fortive. Accordingly:

•The Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 consist of our balances.

•The Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2021 consists of our results. The Consolidated and Combined Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2020 consists of our results from the date of the Separation through December 31, 2020 and the combined results of the Vontier Businesses from January 1, 2020 through the date of the Separation. The Combined Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2019 consists of the combined results of the Vontier Businesses.

•The Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the year ended December 31, 2021 consists of our results. The Consolidated and Combined Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the year ended December 31, 2020 consists of our consolidated activity from the date of the Separation through December 31, 2020 and the combined activity of the Vontier Businesses from January 1, 2020 through the date of the Separation. The Combined Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the year ended December 31, 2019 consists of the combined activity of the Vontier Businesses.

•The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2021 consists of our results. The Consolidated and Combined Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2020 consists of our consolidated activity from the date of the Separation through December 31, 2020 and the combined activity of the

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Vontier Businesses from January 1, 2020 through the date of the Separation. The Combined Statement of Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2019 consists of the combined activity of the Vontier Businesses.

Our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements may not be indicative of our results had we been a separate stand-alone entity throughout the periods presented, nor are the results stated herein indicative of what our financial position, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.

All significant transactions between the Company and Fortive have been included in the accompanying Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for all periods presented. Cash transactions with Fortive prior to the Separation are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated and Combined Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity as “Net transfers to Former Parent” and “Consideration to Former Parent in connection with the Separation.” As included in the Consolidated and Combined Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, Former Parent’s investment, which included Retained earnings (Accumulated deficit) prior to the Separation, represents Fortive’s interest in our recorded net assets prior to the Separation. In addition, the accumulated net effect of intercompany transactions between us and Fortive or Fortive affiliates for periods prior to the Separation are included in Former Parent’s investment.

On October 9, 2020, in connection with the Separation, Former Parent’s investment was redesignated within Stockholders’ Equity. The Agreements include a “Wrong-Pockets Provision” that allow the parties to make adjustments to ensure the separation-related transactions were executed in accordance with the Agreements. In periods subsequent to the Separation, we may make adjustments to balances transferred at the Separation date in accordance with the Wrong-Pockets Provision. Any such adjustments are recorded through stockholders’ equity.

The Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements also reflect the impact of noncontrolling interests. Noncontrolling interests do not have a significant impact on our consolidated and combined results of operations, therefore net earnings and net earnings per share attributable to noncontrolling interests are not presented separately in our Consolidated and Combined Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests have been reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) and were insignificant in all periods presented.

Our historical Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements include expense allocations for certain support functions that were provided on a centralized basis within Fortive, such as corporate costs, shared services and other selling, general and administrative costs that benefit the Company, among others. The allocations were determined on a reasonable basis; however, the amounts are not necessarily representative of the amounts that would have been reflected in the financial statements had the Company been an entity that operated independently of Fortive during the applicable periods. Related-party allocations prior to the Separation, including the method for such allocation, are discussed further in Note 20. Related-Party Transactions to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

Prior to the Separation, we were dependent upon Fortive for all our working capital and financing requirements under Fortive’s centralized approach to cash management and financing of operations of its subsidiaries. With the exception of cash, cash equivalents and borrowings clearly associated with Vontier and related to the Separation, including the financial transactions described below, financial transactions relating to our business operations prior to the Separation were accounted for through Former Parent’s investment. Accordingly, none of the Former Parent’s cash, cash equivalents or debt at the corporate level was assigned to Vontier or included in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for periods prior to the Separation.

OVERVIEW

General

Please see “Item 1. Business – General” included in this Annual Report for a discussion of the Company’s strategies for delivering long-term shareholder value. Vontier is a global industrial technology company that focuses on critical technical equipment, components, software and services for manufacturing, repair, and servicing in the mobility infrastructure industry worldwide. Vontier supplies a wide range of mobility technologies and diagnostics and repair technologies solutions spanning advanced environmental sensors; fueling equipment; field payment hardware; point-of sale, workflow and monitoring software; vehicle tracking and fleet management; software solutions for traffic light control; and vehicle mechanics’ and technicians’ equipment. Vontier markets its products and services to retail and commercial fueling operators, convenience store and in-bay car wash operators, tunnel car wash businesses, commercial vehicle repair businesses, municipal governments and public safety entities and fleet owners/operators on a global basis.

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Business Performance

While differences exist among our businesses, on an overall basis, demand for our hardware and software products and services increased during the year ended December 31, 2021. As compared to 2020, aggregate year-over-year total sales and sales from existing businesses increased 10.6% and 7.4%, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in total sales and sales from existing businesses during the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily driven by broad growth across the portfolio as well as the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on the prior year. Our mobility technologies platform had strong demand for retail and environmental solutions in North America as well as dispenser and environmental deliveries in India but was impacted by an expected lower rate of demand related to the enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payment systems based on the Europay, Mastercard and Visa (“EMV”) global standards as well as the end of the Mexico fiscal regulation upgrades. Further, our acquisition of DRB Systems, LLC (“DRB”) contributed to the increase in total sales within our mobility technologies platform. Our diagnostics and repair portfolio also experienced strong demand across most product categories, most notably specialty and hardline tools and wheel service-equipment. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates positively impacted our sales growth by 1.1% during the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2020.

Geographically, total sales and sales from existing businesses for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the prior year increased primarily due to sales in North America which increased by low-double digits including the impact of the acquisition of DRB. Year-over-year total sales and sales from existing businesses increased at a rate in the mid-single digits in high-growth markets for the year ended December 31, 2021. This growth was primarily driven by increases in Asia due to dispenser and environmental deliveries in India and partially offset by declines in Latin America due to the end of the Mexico fiscal regulation upgrades.

Outlook

We expect overall sales and sales from existing businesses to grow on a year-over-year basis in 2022; however, we are continuing to monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation and supply chain constraints and their impacts to our businesses in addition to the other factors identified in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Results of Operations

Components of Sales Growth

2021 Compared to 2020

Total sales and sales from existing businesses within our mobility technologies platform increased at a rate in the high-single digits and mid-single digits, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. The year-over-year results during the year ended December 31, 2021 were primarily driven by the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on the prior year as well as strong demand for retail and environmental solutions in North America and dispenser and environmental deliveries in India. This growth was partially offset by an expected lower rate of demand related to the enhanced credit card security requirements for outdoor payment systems based on the EMV global standards as well as the end of the Mexico fiscal regulation upgrades. Further, our acquisition of DRB contributed to the increase in total sales.

Total sales and sales from existing businesses within our diagnostics and repair technologies platform increased at a rate in the high-teens during the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to 2020. The results for the year ended December 31, 2021 were primarily driven by the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on the prior year and continued strong demand across most product categories, most notably specialty and hardline tools and wheel-service equipment.

Price increases are reflected as a component of the change in sales from existing businesses, and year-over-year price increases contributed 2.4% to sales growth during 2021 as compared to 2020.

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Cost of Sales

Cost of sales increased $141.1 million, or 9.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to 2020, due primarily to higher year-over-year sales volumes from existing businesses, increased costs from inflationary pressures and the impact of the acquisition of DRB.

Gross Profit

The year-over-year increase in gross profit during the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to 2020, is primarily due to higher year-over-year sales volumes from existing businesses, the impact of price increases and the impact of the acquisition of DRB. This was partially offset by increased costs from inflationary pressures.

The 70 basis points increase in gross profit margin during the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to 2020, is primarily due to the impact of price increases, sales mix and higher year-over-year sales volumes and was partially offset by increased costs from inflationary pressures.

Operating Costs and Other Expenses

SG&A expenses increased $113.2 million, or 200 basis points as a percentage of sales, during the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to 2020, primarily due to corporate costs associated with operating as a separate public company for a full year as well as the impact of the acquisition of DRB.

R&D expenses (consisting principally of internal and contract engineering personnel costs) decreased by 40 basis points as a percentage of sales during the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to 2020 due to an increase in total sales which was partially offset by the $3.1 million increase in R&D expenses.

Operating Profit

Operating profit margins were 19.5% for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of 220 basis points, as compared to 17.3% in 2020.

Year-over-year operating profit margin comparisons were favorably impacted by:

•Year-over-year impacts of sales volumes, price, sales mix, other operating impacts and changes in foreign currency rates — 520 basis points

•The impact of the prior year goodwill impairment of the Telematics business — 270 basis points

•The year-over-year effect the acquisition of DRB — 20 basis points

Year-over-year operating profit margin comparisons were unfavorably impacted by:

•Corporate costs associated with operating as a separate public company and other investments and costs — 370 basis points

•Increased costs due to inflationary pressures — 220 basis points

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Sales from Existing Businesses

We define sales from existing businesses as total sales excluding (i) sales from acquired and divested businesses; (ii) the impact of currency translation; and (iii) certain other items.

•References to sales attributable to acquisitions or acquired businesses refer to GAAP sales from acquired businesses recorded prior to the first anniversary of the acquisition less the amount of sales attributable to certain divested businesses or product lines not considered discontinued operations.

•The portion of sales attributable to the impact of currency translation is calculated as the difference between (a) the period-to-period change in sales (excluding sales from acquired businesses) and (b) the period-to-period change in sales, including foreign operations, (excluding sales from acquired businesses) after applying the current period foreign exchange rates to the prior year period.

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•The portion of sales attributable to other items is calculated as the impact of those items which are not directly correlated to sales from existing businesses which do not have an impact on the current or comparable period.

Sales from existing businesses should be considered in addition to, and not as a replacement for or superior to, total sales, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

Management believes that reporting the non-GAAP financial measure of sales from existing businesses provides useful information to investors by helping identify underlying growth trends in our business and facilitating easier comparisons of our sales performance with our performance in prior and future periods and to our peers. We exclude the effect of acquisitions and divestiture-related items because the nature, size and number of such transactions can vary dramatically from period to period and between us and our peers. We exclude the effect of currency translation and certain other items from sales from existing businesses because these items are either not under management’s control or relate to items not directly correlated to sales from existing businesses. Management believes the exclusion of these items from sales from existing businesses may facilitate assessment of underlying business trends and may assist in comparisons of long-term performance. References to sales volume refer to the impact of both price and unit sales.

INTEREST COSTS

For a discussion of our outstanding indebtedness, refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

We recorded interest expense, net of $47.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $10.0 million during 2020. The increase of interest expense, net of $37.8 million was primarily due to the higher average debt balances during the year.

Before the Separation, we depended on Fortive for all of our working capital and financing requirements under Fortive’s centralized approach to cash management and financing of operations of its subsidiaries. As a result, with the exception of cash, cash equivalents and borrowings clearly associated with Vontier and related to the Separation, we recorded no interest expense in our financial statements prior to the Separation. In the event that additional liquidity is required, particularly in connection with acquisitions, we may enter into additional borrowings under our credit facilities and/or access the capital markets. If we enter into such additional financing transactions, the amount of annual interest expense will increase.

INCOME TAXES

General

Income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect management’s assessment of future taxes expected to be paid on items reflected in our financial statements. Our effective tax rate can be affected by, among other items, changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates (including as a result of business acquisitions and dispositions), changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, the implementation of tax planning strategies, tax rulings, court decisions, settlements with tax authorities and changes in tax laws.

Prior to the Separation, our operating results were included in Fortive’s various consolidated U.S. federal and certain state income tax returns, as well as certain non-U.S. returns. For periods prior to the Separation, our combined financial statements reflect income tax expense and deferred tax balances as if we had filed tax returns on a standalone basis separate from Fortive. The separate return method applies the accounting guidance for income taxes to the standalone financial statements as if we were a separate taxpayer and a standalone enterprise for the periods prior to the Separation. For periods prior to the Separation, our pretax operating results include any transactions with Fortive as if it were an unrelated party.

In connection with the Separation, we entered into agreements with Fortive, including a Tax Matters Agreement. The Tax Matters Agreement distinguishes between the treatment of tax matters for “joint” filings compared to “separate” filings prior to the Separation. “Joint” filings are returns, such as the United States federal return, that include operations from both Fortive legal entities and the Company. By contrast, “separate” filings are tax returns (primarily U.S. state returns and non-U.S. returns), that exclusively include either Fortive’s or the Company’s operations, respectively. In accordance with the Tax Matters Agreement, the Company is liable for and has indemnified Fortive against all income tax liabilities involving “separate” filings for periods prior to the Separation.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. Government passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”)

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as an emergency economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The CARES Act contains, among other things, numerous income tax provisions. Some of these tax provisions are expected to be effective retroactively for years ended before the date of enactment. The CARES Act did not have a significant impact on our income tax provision.

We are routinely examined by various domestic and international taxing authorities. The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to audit by federal, state and foreign tax authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. The Company is subject to examination in the United States, various states and foreign jurisdictions. In accordance with the Tax Matters Agreement with Fortive, the Company is liable for taxes arising from examinations of the following: (i) the Company’s initial U.S. federal taxable year which includes the post-separation period; (ii) separate company state tax returns for all periods; (iii) joint state tax returns for the post-separation period; (iv) international separate company returns for all periods; and (v) joint international tax returns that include only Vontier legal entities for all periods. We review our global tax positions on a quarterly basis. Based on these reviews, the results of discussions and resolutions of matters with certain tax authorities, tax rulings and court decisions and the expiration of statutes of limitations reserves for contingent tax liabilities are accrued or adjusted as necessary.

Pursuant to U.S. tax law, the Company’s initial U.S. federal income tax return for the post-separation period was filed in October 2021. We expect to file our first full year U.S. federal income tax return for 2021 with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) during 2022. The IRS has not yet begun examination of the Company. The Company remains subject to tax audit for its separate company tax returns in various U.S. states for the tax years 2011 to 2021. Our operations in certain foreign jurisdictions remain subject to routine examination for the tax years 2009 to 2021.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was 22.7% and 25.7%, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for 2021 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% due primarily to the effect of recurring items including state taxes, foreign derived intangible income, and foreign taxable earnings at a rate different from the U.S. federal statutory rate. Additionally, there was a favorable impact related to non-taxable income.

Our effective tax rate for 2020 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0% due primarily to the effect of state taxes and foreign taxable earnings at a rate different from the U.S. federal statutory rate. Additionally, there was a favorable impact related to non-taxable income which is partially offset by nondeductible book goodwill impairments and uncertain tax position accruals.

For the periods prior to the Separation, current income tax liabilities related to entities which filed jointly with Fortive are assumed to be immediately settled with Fortive and are relieved through Former Parent’s investment. Income tax expense and other income tax related information contained in the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements are presented as if we filed a separate tax return. The separate tax return method applies the accounting guidance for income taxes to the standalone financial statements as if we were a standalone taxpayer for the periods prior to the Separation. The calculation of our income taxes on a separate income tax return basis required considerable judgment, estimates and allocations.

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Comprehensive income increased by $13.8 million in 2021 as compared to 2020, primarily due to net earnings that were higher by $71.0 million which was partially offset by unfavorable changes in foreign currency translation adjustments of $58.0 million.

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, credit risk and commodity prices, each of which could impact our financial statements. We generally address our exposure to these risks through our normal operating and financing activities. In addition, our broad-based business activities help to reduce the impact that volatility in any particular area or related areas may have on our operating profit as a whole.

Interest Rate Risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk through fluctuations in interest rates on our debt obligations. As of December 31, 2021, we had $1.0 billion outstanding of debt that was subject to variable interest rates. As a result, increases in interest rates could increase the cost of servicing our debt and could materially reduce our profitability and cash flows. We seek to manage exposure to adverse interest rate changes through our normal operating and financing activities.

A hypothetical 100 basis points increase in market interest rates as of December 31, 2021 on our variable-rate debt obligations as of December 31, 2021 would have increased our interest expense by approximately $8 million in 2021.

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Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

We face transactional exchange rate risk from transactions with customers in countries outside of the United States and from intercompany transactions between affiliates. Transactional exchange rate risk arises from the purchase and sale of goods and services in currencies other than our functional currency or the functional currency of an applicable subsidiary. We also face translational exchange rate risk related to the translation of financial statements of our foreign operations into U.S. dollars, our functional currency. Costs incurred and sales recorded by subsidiaries operating outside of the United States are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates effective during the respective period. As a result, we are exposed to movements in the exchange rates of various currencies against the U.S. dollar. The effect of a change in currency exchange rates on our net investment in international subsidiaries is reflected in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity. A 10% change in major currencies relative to the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2021 would have resulted in an impact to stockholders’ equity of approximately $88 million.

Currency exchange rates positively impacted 2021 reported sales by 1.1% as compared to 2020, as the U.S. dollar was, on average, weaker against most major currencies during 2021 as compared to exchange rate levels during 2020. If the exchange rates in effect as of December 31, 2021 were to prevail throughout 2022, currency exchange rates would negatively impact 2022 estimated sales by approximately 1% relative to our performance in 2021. In general, additional weakening of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies would further positively impact our sales and results of operations on an overall basis and any strengthening of the U.S. dollar against other major currencies would adversely impact our sales and results of operations.

We have generally accepted the exposure to exchange rate movements without using derivative financial instruments to manage this risk. Both positive and negative movements in currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar will therefore continue to affect the reported amount of sales, profit, and assets and liabilities in our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

Credit Risk

We are exposed to potential credit losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to our financial instruments. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to credit risk consist of cash and highly-liquid investment grade cash equivalents, and receivables from customers and franchisees. We place cash and cash equivalents with various high-quality financial institutions throughout the world and exposure is limited at any one institution. Although we typically do not obtain collateral or other security to secure these obligations, we regularly monitor third party depository institutions that hold our cash and cash equivalents. We emphasize safety and liquidity of principal over yield on those funds. Concentrations of credit risk arising from receivables from customers are limited due to the diversity of our customers. We perform credit evaluations of our customers’ financial conditions and also obtain collateral or other security as appropriate. Notwithstanding these efforts, the current distress in the global economy resulting from COVID-19 may increase the difficulty in collecting receivables.

The assumptions used in evaluating our exposure to credit losses associated with our financing receivables portfolio involve estimates and significant judgment. Holding other estimates constant, a 10% increase or decrease in the expected loss rate on the consumer portfolio would have resulted in a change in the allowance for credit losses of approximately $7 million as of December 31, 2021.

No customer accounted for more than 10% of combined sales during all periods presented.

Commodity Price Risk

For a discussion of risks relating to commodity prices, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Prior to the Separation, we were dependent upon Fortive for all our working capital and financing requirements under Fortive’s centralized approach to cash management and financing of operations of its subsidiaries. With the exception of cash, cash equivalents and borrowings clearly associated with Vontier and related to the Separation, including the financial transactions described below, financial transactions relating to our business operations prior to the Separation were accounted for through Former Parent’s investment. Accordingly, none of the Former Parent’s cash, cash equivalents or debt at the corporate level was assigned to us in the financial statements for periods prior to the Separation.

As a result of the Separation, we no longer participate in Fortive’s cash management and financing operations. We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities. We generate substantial cash from operating activities and believe that our operating cash flow and other sources of liquidity will be sufficient to allow us to continue to invest in existing businesses, consummate strategic acquisitions, make interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness, and manage our capital structure on a short and long-term basis. Refer also to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information.

2021 Financing and Capital Transactions

During 2021, we completed the following financing and capital transactions:

•On March 10, 2021, we completed the private placement of $1.6 billion of senior unsecured notes in multiple series (collectively, the “Notes”). The Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed (the “Guarantees”), on a joint and several basis, by Gilbarco Inc. and Matco Tools Corporation, two of our wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Guarantors”). Interest on the Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year and commenced on October 1, 2021. The Notes and the Guarantees are the Company’s and the Guarantors’ general senior unsecured obligations.

•With the proceeds received from the issuance of the Notes, we repaid $1.4 billion of our Term Loans with the remainder used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

•On April 28, 2021, we refinanced our Three-Year Term Loans and Revolving Credit Facility which extended the maturities and lowered the interest rates, among certain other changes.

•On August 5, 2021, the Company entered into a two-year, $600.0 million senior unsecured delayed-draw term loan and drew down the full $600.0 million on September 13, 2021.

Our long-term debt requires, among others, that we maintain certain financial covenants, and we were in compliance with all of these covenants as of December 31, 2021.

Refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for more information related to our long-term indebtedness.

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Overview of Cash Flows and Liquidity

Following is an overview of our cash flows and liquidity:

Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities can fluctuate significantly from period to period as working capital needs and the timing of payments for income taxes, restructuring activities and other items impact reported cash flows.

Cash flows from operating activities were $481.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $210.2 million as compared to 2020. The year-over-year change in operating cash flows was primarily attributable to the following factors:

•Operating cash flows were impacted by higher net earnings as compared to 2020. Net earnings for 2021 were impacted by a year-over-year increase in operating profits of $114.0 million, as well as a year-over-year increase in interest expense, net of $37.8 million primarily due to our current year borrowings. The year-over-year increase in operating profit was impacted by an increase in gross profit of $145.0 million as well as a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $85.3 million recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 which is a non-cash expense that decreased earnings without a corresponding impact to operating cash flows. These factors were partially offset by an increase in Selling, general and administrative expenses of $113.2 million.

•The aggregate of accounts receivable and long-term financing receivables used $4.2 million of operating cash flows during 2021 compared to providing $41.9 million in 2020. The amount of cash flow generated from or used by accounts receivable depends upon how effectively we manage the cash conversion cycle and can be significantly impacted by the timing of collections in a period. Additionally, when we originate certain financing receivables, we assume the financing receivable by decreasing the franchisee’s trade accounts receivable. As a result, originations of certain financing receivables are non-cash transactions.

•The aggregate of other operating assets and liabilities used $6.6 million of cash in 2021 as compared to providing $158.6 million in 2020. This difference is due primarily to working capital needs and the timing of accruals and payments and tax-related amounts.

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Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities increased by $966.0 million during 2021 as compared to 2020 primarily due to the cash paid for the acquisition of DRB.

Financing Activities and Indebtedness

Net cash provided by financing activities increased $1.0 billion in 2021 as compared to 2020 primarily due to the issuance of the $1.6 billion of Notes and the receipt of proceeds of our delayed-draw term loan of $600.0 million, which was partially offset by the repayment of $1.4 billion of Term Loans. Additionally, in 2020 we made net payments to our former parent of $419.9 million as compared to $35.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2021.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

As of December 31, 2021, we had $1.6 billion in aggregate principal amount of the Notes and $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Term Loans. Our obligations to pay principal and interest on the Notes and Term Loans are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by the Guarantors. Our other subsidiaries do not guarantee any such indebtedness (collectively, “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”). Refer to Note 11. Financing to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information regarding the terms of our Notes and the Term Loans.

The Notes and the guarantees thereof are the Company’s and the guarantors’ senior unsecured obligations and:

•rank without preference or priority among themselves and equally in right of payment with our existing and any future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, including, without limitation, indebtedness under our credit agreement;

•are senior in right of payment to any of our existing and future indebtedness that is subordinated to the notes;

•are effectively subordinated to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness to the extent of the assets securing such indebtedness; and

•are structurally subordinated to all existing and any future indebtedness and any other liabilities of our non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

The following tables present summarized financial information for Vontier Corporation and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis and after the elimination of (a) intercompany transactions and balances between Vontier Corporation and the Guarantor Subsidiaries and (b) equity in earnings from and investments in the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.

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Cash and Cash Requirements

As of December 31, 2021, we held approximately $572.6 million of cash and cash equivalents that were held in either operating accounts or invested in highly liquid investment-grade instruments with a maturity of 90 days or less with an annual effective rate of less than 1.0%. Approximately 40% of our cash was held outside of the United States.

We have cash requirements to support working capital needs, capital expenditures and acquisitions, pay interest and service debt, pay taxes and any related interest or penalties, fund our restructuring activities and pension plans as required and support other business needs or objectives. With respect to our cash requirements, we generally intend to use available cash and internally generated funds to meet these cash requirements, but in the event that additional liquidity is required, particularly in connection with acquisitions, we may also borrow under our credit facilities, enter into new credit facilities and borrow directly thereunder and/or access the capital markets. We also may from time to time access the capital markets, including to take advantage of favorable interest rate environments or other market conditions.

Conversely, we have made an assertion regarding the amount of earnings that we do not intend to repatriate due to local working capital needs, local law restrictions, high foreign remittance costs, previous investments in physical assets and acquisitions, or future growth needs. Such earnings are intended for indefinite foreign reinvestment and no provision for non-U.S. income taxes has been made. The amount of income taxes that may be applicable to such earnings is not readily determinable given the unknown duration of local law restrictions as applicable to such earnings, unknown changes in foreign tax law that may occur during the restriction periods, and the various alternatives we could employ if we repatriated these earnings. The cash that our foreign subsidiaries hold for indefinite reinvestment is generally used to finance foreign operations and investments, including acquisitions.

As of December 31, 2021, we believe that we have sufficient liquidity to satisfy our cash needs.

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Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021 primarily consist of our long-term debt obligations and associated interest payments under the Credit Facilities, our operating leases, as discussed in Note 10. Leases to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements, purchase obligations and other long-term liabilities reflected on the balance sheet. Our Other long-term liabilities reflected on the balance sheet of $223.3 million are due in greater than one year and primarily consist of obligations under product service and warranty policies and allowances, performance and operating cost guarantees, litigation claims, postretirement benefits, pension benefit obligations, net tax liabilities and deferred compensation obligations. The timing of cash flows associated with these obligations is based upon management’s estimates over the terms of these arrangements and is largely based upon historical experience. Refer to “Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” for a discussion of other contractual obligations that are not reflected in the table below.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, we periodically enter into agreements that require us to indemnify customers, suppliers or other business partners for specific risks, such as claims for injury or property damage arising out of the use of our products or claims alleging that our products infringe third party intellectual property. Historically, we have not experienced significant losses on these types of indemnification obligations.

Guarantees consist of outstanding standby letters of credit, bank guarantees and performance and bid bonds. These guarantees have been provided in connection with certain arrangements with vendors, customers, financing counterparties and governmental entities to secure our obligations and/or performance requirements related to specific transactions. We believe that if the obligations under these instruments were triggered, it would not have a material effect on our financial statements.

The following table sets forth, by period due or year of expected expiration, as applicable, a summary of our off-balance sheet commitments as of December 31, 2021:

Other Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have, from time to time, divested certain of our businesses and assets. In connection with these divestitures, we often provide representations, warranties and/or indemnities to cover various risks and unknown liabilities, such as claims for damages arising out of the use of products or relating to intellectual property matters, commercial disputes, environmental matters or tax matters. We have not included any such items in the contractual obligations table above because they relate to unknown conditions and we cannot reasonably estimate the potential liabilities from such matters, but we do not believe it is reasonably possible that any such liability will have a material effect on our financial statements.

Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation requires us to indemnify to the full extent authorized or permitted by law any person made, or threatened to be made a party to any action or proceeding by reason of his or her service as a director or officer of the Company, or by reason of serving at the request of the Company as a director or officer of any other entity, subject to limited exceptions. Our Amended and Restated Bylaws provide for similar indemnification rights. In addition, we have executed with each of our directors and executive officers an indemnification agreement which provides for substantially similar indemnification rights and under which we have agreed to pay expenses in advance of the final disposition of any such indemnifiable proceeding. While we maintain insurance for this type of liability, a significant deductible applies to this coverage and any such liability could exceed the amount of the insurance coverage.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Please refer to Note 17. Litigation and Contingencies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for information regarding legal proceedings and contingencies, and for a discussion of risks related to legal proceedings and contingencies, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and judgments on historical experience, the current economic environment and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates and judgments.

We believe the following accounting estimates are most critical to an understanding of our financial statements. Estimates are considered to be critical if they meet both of the following criteria: (i) the estimate requires assumptions about material matters that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and (ii) material changes in the estimate are reasonably likely from period to period. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting estimates, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

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Accounts and Financing Receivables

On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). Concurrent with our adoption of ASU 2016-13, we updated our methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses as provided below:

We maintain allowances for credit losses to reflect expected credit losses inherent in our portfolio of receivables. Determination of the allowances requires us to exercise judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the allowances and, therefore, net earnings. The allowances for credit losses represent management’s best estimate of the credit losses expected from our trade accounts and financing receivables portfolios over the remaining contractual life. We pool assets with similar risk characteristics for this measurement based on attributes that may include asset type, duration, and/or credit risk rating. The future expected losses of each pool are estimated based on numerous quantitative and qualitative factors reflecting management’s estimate of collectability over the remaining contractual life of the pooled assets, including:

•portfolio duration;

•historical, current, and forecasted future loss experience by asset type;

•historical, current, and forecasted delinquency and write-off trends;

•historical, current, and forecasted economic conditions; and

•historical, current, and forecasted credit risk.

Expected credit losses of the assets originated during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, as well as changes to expected losses during the same period, are recognized in earnings for the periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

We regularly perform detailed reviews of our accounts receivable and financing receivables portfolios to determine if changes in the aforementioned qualitative and quantitative factors have impacted the adequacy of the allowances.

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the level of the allowances was based on many quantitative and qualitative factors including historical loss experience by receivable type, portfolio duration, delinquency trends, economic conditions and credit risk quality.

Inventories

We record inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. We estimate the net realizable value of inventory based on assumptions of future demand and related pricing. Estimating the net realizable value of inventory is inherently uncertain because levels of demand, technological advances and pricing competition in many of our markets can fluctuate significantly from period to period due to circumstances beyond our control. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, we could be required to reduce the value of our inventory, which would adversely impact our financial statements. Refer to Note 5. Inventories to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and other intangible assets result from our acquisition of existing businesses. In accordance with accounting standards related to business combinations, neither goodwill nor indefinite-lived intangible assets are amortized; however, certain definite-lived identifiable intangible assets, primarily customer relationships, acquired technology and trade names, are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Refer to Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information regarding our goodwill and other intangible assets.

Goodwill arises from the purchase price for acquired businesses exceeding the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired less assumed liabilities. We assess the goodwill of each of our reporting units for impairment at least annually as of the first day of the fourth quarter or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill may not be recoverable.

A non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $85.3 million was recorded against our Telematics reporting unit as a result of our quantitative impairment assessment on March 27, 2020. No goodwill impairment charges were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2019. Refer to Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Telematics impairment charge.

When evaluating for impairment, the Company may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. If the Company does not perform a qualitative assessment, or if it determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-

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lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying amount, the Company will calculate the estimated fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset. The Company’s decision to perform a qualitative impairment assessment for an individual reporting unit in a given year is influenced by a number of factors, inclusive of the size of the reporting unit's goodwill, the significance of the excess of the reporting unit's estimated fair value over carrying value at the last quantitative assessment date, the amount of time in between quantitative fair value assessments and the date of acquisition.

As part of our 2021 annual impairment analysis, we elected to apply the qualitative goodwill impairment assessment guidance in ASC 350-20, Goodwill, for all 6 of our reporting units, or approximately $1.7 billion of goodwill as of the assessment date. Factors we consider in the qualitative assessment include general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance of our reporting units, events or changes affecting the composition or carrying value of the net assets of our reporting units, information related to market multiples of peer companies and other relevant entity specific events. Based on our assessment we determined on the basis of the qualitative and quantitative factors, that the fair values of the reporting units were more likely than not greater than their respective carrying values; and therefore, a quantitative test was not required.

If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, goodwill impairment is determined by using a quantitative approach. We identify potential impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit, determined using various valuation techniques, with the primary technique being a discounted cash flow analysis, to its carrying value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss is recognized.

We review identified intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Determining whether an impairment loss occurred requires a comparison of the carrying amount to the sum of undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. We also test intangible assets with indefinite lives at least annually for impairment. In these analyses management considers general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, financial performance and other entity and asset specific events and may require management to make judgments and estimates about future revenues, expenses, market conditions and discount rates related to these assets.

If actual results are not consistent with management’s estimates and assumptions, goodwill and other intangible assets may be overstated, and a charge would need to be taken against net earnings which would adversely affect our financial statements.

Contingent Liabilities

As discussed in Note 17. Litigation and Contingencies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements, we are, from time to time, subject to a variety of litigation and similar contingent liabilities incidental to our business (or the business operations of previously owned entities). We recognize a liability for any contingency that is known or probable of occurrence and reasonably estimable. These assessments require judgments concerning matters such as litigation developments and outcomes, the anticipated outcome of negotiations, the number of future claims and the cost of both pending and future claims. In addition, because most contingencies are resolved over long periods of time, liabilities may change in the future due to various factors, including those discussed in Note 17. Litigation and Contingencies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements. If the reserves established with respect to these contingent liabilities are inadequate, we would be required to incur an expense equal to the amount of the loss incurred in excess of the reserves, which would adversely affect our financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenues from the sale of products and services. If our judgments regarding revenue recognition prove incorrect, our reported revenues in particular periods may be adversely affected. Historically, our estimates of revenue have been materially correct. Refer to additional information regarding our revenue recognition policies and estimates in Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

Stock-Based Compensation

For a description of our stock-based compensation accounting practices, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 18. Stock-Based Compensation to our Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements. Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of stock-based payment awards require subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the awards, stock price volatility, dividend rate and expected forfeiture rate. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent our best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and estimates, our equity-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future.

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Income Taxes

For a description of our income tax accounting policies, refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 15. Income Taxes to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements.

In accordance with GAAP, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates expected to be in effect during the year in which the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that can be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years for which the tax benefit has already been reflected in our Consolidated and Combined Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent items that have already been taken as a deduction on our tax return but have not yet been recognized as an expense in our Consolidated and Combined Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities due to a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date.

We provide for unrecognized tax benefits when, based upon the technical merits, it is “more-likely-than-not” that an uncertain tax position will not be sustained upon examination. Judgment is required in evaluating tax positions and determining income tax provisions. We re-evaluate the technical merits of our tax positions and may recognize an uncertain tax benefit in certain circumstances, including when: (i) a tax audit is completed; (ii) applicable tax laws change, including a tax case ruling or legislative guidance; or (iii) the applicable statute of limitations expires. We recognize potential accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax positions in income tax expense.

Business Combinations

Accounting for business combinations requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially at the acquisition date, for intangible assets. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made have been reasonable and appropriate, they are based, in part, on historical experience and information obtained from management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired include, but are not limited to, estimates about future results such as revenues, margin, net working capital and other valuation assumptions such as useful lives, royalty rates, attrition rates and discount rates. The discount rates used to discount expected future cash flows to present value are typically derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and adjusted to reflect inherent risks. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that could affect either the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

Corporate Allocations

We have historically operated as part of Fortive and not as a stand-alone company. Accordingly, certain shared costs have been allocated to us and are reflected as expenses in the accompanying Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements. Management considers the allocation methodologies used to be reasonable and appropriate reflections of the related expenses attributable to us for purposes of the carved-out financial statements; however, the expenses reflected in these financial statements may not be indicative of the actual expenses that would have been incurred during the periods presented if we had operated as a separate stand-alone entity. In addition, the expenses reflected in the financial statements may not be indicative of expenses that will be incurred in the future by us. Refer to Note 20. Related-Party Transactions to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for a description of the pre-separation allocations from Fortive and related-party transactions.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Refer to Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements for information regarding new accounting standards.