WINNEBAGO INDUSTRIES INC (WGO)

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Unless otherwise noted, transactions and other factors significantly impacting our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity are discussed in order of magnitude. Our MD&A is presented in five sections:

•Overview

•Results of Operations

•Analysis of Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

•New Accounting Pronouncements

Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The year-over-year comparisons in this MD&A are as of and for the fiscal years ended August 31, 2024 and August 26, 2023, unless stated otherwise. The discussion of Fiscal 2022 results and related year-over-year comparisons as of and for the fiscal years ended August 26, 2023 and August 27, 2022 are found in Item 7 of Part II of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023.

Overview

Winnebago Industries, Inc. is one of the leading North American manufacturers of recreation vehicles ("RVs") and marine products with a diversified portfolio used primarily in leisure travel and outdoor recreational activities. We also design and manufacture advanced battery solutions that deliver “house power,” supporting internal electrical features and appliances for a variety of outdoor products including RVs, boats, specialty and other low-speed vehicles, as well as other industrial applications. Other products manufactured by us consist primarily of original equipment manufacturing parts for other manufacturers and commercial vehicles. We produce our motorhome RV units in Iowa and Indiana; our towable RV units in Indiana; our marine units in Indiana and Florida; and our battery solutions in Florida. We distribute our RV and marine products primarily through independent dealers across the U.S. and Canada, who then retail the products to the end consumer. We also distribute our marine products internationally through independent dealers, who then retail the products to the end consumer. Our battery solutions are primarily sold to customers in the U.S.

Known Trends and Uncertainties

Our business continues to be challenged by macroeconomic conditions impacting retail consumers and our dealers, such as inflation and elevated interest rates. These factors have contributed to lower consumer spending and reduced short-term demand for large discretionary products such as RVs and marine products. In response, our dealers continue to exercise caution when managing stocking levels. In Fiscal 2024, these trends resulted in decreased sales due to declines in unit volume. We anticipate that as consumer demand stabilizes, dealers will exhibit a willingness to maintain stable inventory levels and ordering patterns. We continue to produce and ship in accordance with dealer demand as evidenced and requested by dealer orders.

Despite the current economic uncertainty, we believe in the long-term health of consumer demand for RV and marine products.

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Other Matters

During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2024, we recognized a $30.3 million impairment charge equal to the full carrying value of goodwill associated with the Chris-Craft reporting unit. The decline in fair value of the Chris-Craft reporting unit was driven primarily by a downward revision to forecasted cash flows made during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2024 as part of our annual long range planning process, and a decline in market capitalization observed from guideline public companies. Projected future cash flows for the Chris-Craft reporting unit have declined compared to prior expectations as a result of sustained macroeconomic challenges impacting consumer demand, such as inflationary pressures and elevated interest rates, and the current uncertainty regarding timing and degree of economic recovery. Refer to Note 7 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

During the second quarter of Fiscal 2024, we entered into separate, privately negotiated transactions with certain holders of the 2025 Convertible Notes to repurchase $240.7 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Convertible Notes using $293.8 million of the net proceeds received from the issuance of the 2030 Convertible Notes. In connection with the 2025 Convertible Note repurchases, we recorded a loss on note repurchase of $32.7 million in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income during Fiscal 2024. The loss on note repurchase represents the difference between the fair value of consideration transferred to the holders of the repurchased 2025 Convertible Notes and the conversion value of 2025 Convertible Notes repurchased pursuant to the original conversion terms. Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This MD&A includes financial information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), as well as certain adjusted or non-GAAP financial measures, such as EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and other pretax adjustments made in order to present comparable results from period to period.

These non-GAAP financial measures, which are not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP, have been provided as information supplemental and in addition to the financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered superior to, as a substitute for, or as an alternative to, and should be considered in conjunction with, the GAAP financial measures presented herein. The non-GAAP financial measures presented may differ from similar measures used by other companies.

Included in "Results of Operations - Fiscal 2024 Compared to Fiscal 2023" is a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. We have included these non-GAAP performance measures as a comparable measure to illustrate the effect of non-recurring transactions that occurred during the reported periods and to improve comparability of our results from period to period. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information about our operating performance as this measure excludes amounts from net income that we do not consider part of our core operating results when assessing our performance. Examples of items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA include acquisition-related costs, litigation reserves, change in fair value of note receivable and other investments, contingent consideration fair value adjustment, goodwill impairment, loss on note repurchase, and non-operating income or loss.

Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures (a) to evaluate our historical and prospective financial performance and trends as well as our performance relative to competitors and peers; (b) to measure operational profitability on a consistent basis; (c) in presentations to the members of our Board of Directors to enable our Board of Directors to have the same measurement basis of operating performance as used by management in its assessments of performance and in forecasting; (d) to evaluate potential acquisitions; and (e) to ensure compliance with covenants and restricted activities under the terms of our ABL Credit Facility and outstanding notes, as further described in Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in the industry.

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Results of Operations - Fiscal 2024 Compared to Fiscal 2023

Consolidated Performance Summary

The following is an analysis of changes in key items included in the statements of operations for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024 compared to the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023:

(1)    Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided. In addition, percentages may not add in total due to rounding.

NM: Not meaningful.

Net revenues decreased primarily due to product mix and lower unit sales related to market conditions.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased primarily due to deleverage, higher warranty expense, and operational challenges.

Operating expenses increased primarily due to the goodwill impairment charge associated with the Chris-Craft reporting unit, a full year of Lithionics operations and increased intangible amortization, start-up costs associated with the launch of the Grand Design motorized business, and strategic investments in engineering, digital technology development, and increased data and information technology capabilities, partially offset by lower incentive-based compensation.

The loss on note repurchase recorded in Fiscal 2024 is related to the refinancing of the 2025 Convertible Notes. Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Our effective tax rate increased primarily due to the impact of the non-deductible debt inducement loss and non-deductible goodwill impairment over a lower pretax income.

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Non-GAAP Reconciliation

The following table reconciles net income to consolidated EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for Fiscal 2024 and 2023:

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Reportable Segment Performance Summary

Towable RV

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Towable RV segment for Fiscal 2024 and 2023:

(1)    Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided.

(2)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(3)    Percentages may not add due to rounding differences.

(4)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog generally can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

Net revenues decreased primarily due to a reduction in average selling price per unit related to product mix and targeted price reductions, partially offset by an increase in unit volume.

Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased primarily due to deleverage, higher warranty expense due to a favorable prior year trend, and operational challenges at the Winnebago branded towable business.

Backlog decreased due to current market conditions and a cautious dealer network as well as reduced order lead times due to production capacity.

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Motorhome RV

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Motorhome RV segment for Fiscal 2024 and 2023:

(1)    Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided.

(2)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(3)    Percentages may not add due to rounding differences.

(4)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

Net revenues decreased primarily due to a decline in unit volume related to market conditions and higher levels of discounts and allowances, partially offset by price increases related to higher motorized chassis cost.

Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased due to deleverage, higher warranty expense, and operational challenges, partially offset by cost containment efforts.

Backlog decreased due to current market conditions and a cautious dealer network.

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Marine

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Marine segment for Fiscal 2024 and 2023:

(1)    Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided.

(2)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(3)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog generally can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

(4)    Due to the nature of the Marine industry, this amount includes a higher proportion of retail sold units than our other segments.

Net revenues decreased primarily due to a decline in unit volume related to market conditions, and product mix.

Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased due to deleverage, partially offset by lower incentive-based compensation and cost containment efforts.

Backlog increased primarily driven by the improvement in inventory position with dealers and continued market share growth.

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Analysis of Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from total operations for Fiscal 2024 and 2023:

Operating Activities

During Fiscal 2024, cash provided by operating activities was $143.9 million compared to $294.5 million in Fiscal 2023. The decrease in operating cash flow is primarily driven by lower profitability adjusted for non-cash items, an increase in accounts receivable due to timing of invoicing and collections, and changes in inventory levels due to market conditions, partially offset by favorable changes in accounts payable balances and timing of payments.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities decreased compared to prior year, primarily due to our acquisition of Lithionics during the third quarter of Fiscal 2023 and elevated capital expenditures in Fiscal 2023 to support operational expansion and organic growth.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities decreased compared to prior year, primarily due to $39.1 million of net cash proceeds related to the debt refinancing, partially offset by higher share repurchases compared to prior year.

Debt and Capital

We maintain a $350.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility ("ABL Credit Facility") with a maturity date of July 15, 2027 subject to certain factors which may accelerate the maturity date. As of August 31, 2024, we had no borrowings against the ABL Credit Facility and $330.9 million in cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalent balances consist of high quality, short-term money market instruments.

On January 23, 2024, we issued $350.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.25% unsecured convertible senior notes due 2030 ("2030 Convertible Notes").

On July 8, 2020, we closed our private offering (the “Senior Secured Notes Offering”) of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the “Senior Secured Notes”).

On November 1, 2019, we issued $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.5% unsecured Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (“2025 Convertible Notes”). On January 18, 2024, we entered into privately negotiated transactions (the "2025 Convertible Note Repurchases") with certain holders of the 2025 Convertible Notes to repurchase $240.7 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Convertible Notes using proceeds received from the 2030 Convertible Notes.

As of August 31, 2024, we had $59.1 million of debt maturing in the next twelve months that is classified as current on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

We evaluate the financial stability of the counterparties for the 2030 Convertible Notes, the 2025 Convertible Notes, the Senior Secured Notes, and the ABL Credit Facility, and will continue to monitor counterparty risk on an on-going basis.

Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Working Capital

Working capital as of August 31, 2024 and August 26, 2023 was $584.0 million and $600.7 million, respectively. We currently expect cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and the borrowing available under our ABL Credit Facility to be sufficient to cover both short-term and long-term operating requirements.

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Capital Expenditures

We anticipate capital expenditures in Fiscal 2025 of approximately $50.0 million to $60.0 million. We will continue to support organic growth through facility improvements to benefit a safer operating environment, operational improvements, and investments in software and our digital capabilities. We believe cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and the borrowing capacity available under our ABL Credit Facility and other debt instruments will be sufficient to support our capital expenditures for the foreseeable future.

Share Repurchases and Dividends

We repurchase our common stock and pay dividends pursuant to programs approved by our Board of Directors. Our long-term capital allocation strategy is to first fund operations and investments in growth, maintain reasonable liquidity, maintain a leverage ratio that reflects a prudent capital structure in light of the cyclical industries we compete in, and then return excess cash over time to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. Refer to Item 5 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion about our share repurchase program and dividend declared on August 15, 2024.

Cash Requirements

Our cash requirements within the next twelve months include accounts payable, current maturities of long-term debt, accrued expenses, purchase commitments and other current liabilities.

Our cash requirements greater than twelve months from various contractual obligations and commitments include:

Debt Obligations and Interest Payments

Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our debt and the timing of expected future principal and interest payments. Interest payments are based on fixed interest rates for the 2030 Convertible Notes, the 2025 Convertible Notes, and the Senior Secured Notes.

Operating and Finance Leases

Refer to Note 10 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our lease obligations and the timing of expected future payments.

Deferred Compensation Obligations

Refer to Note 11 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our deferred compensation plans. We expect to pay $1.7 million in the next 12 months and $6.6 million beyond 12 months.

Contracted Services

Contracted services include agreements with third-party service providers primarily for software, payroll services, and equipment maintenance services for periods up to Fiscal 2028. We expect to pay approximately $22.6 million in the next 12 months and approximately $19.6 million beyond 12 months.

Contingent Repurchase Obligations

Refer to Note 12 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our contingent repurchase commitment and estimated obligation, most of which we expect to expire within one year.

We expect to satisfy our short-term and long-term obligations through a combination of cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and the borrowing capacity available under our ABL Credit Facility and other debt instruments.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates, and judgments on historical experience, current trends, and other factors believed to be relevant at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.

Our critical accounting policies are discussed in Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe that the following accounting policies and estimates are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These estimates require our most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments because they relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. We have reviewed these critical accounting policies and estimates and related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

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We have not made any material changes during the past three fiscal years, nor do we believe there is a reasonable likelihood of a material future change to the accounting methodologies for the areas described below.

Accounting for Business Combinations

We account for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. This method requires the recording of acquired assets, including separately identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities at their acquisition date fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash flows, discount rates, royalty rates and asset lives, among other items.

We used the income approach to value certain intangible assets. Under the income approach, an intangible asset’s fair value is equal to the present value of future economic benefits to be derived from ownership of the asset. We used the income approach known as the relief from royalty method to value the fair value of the trade names. The relief from royalty method is based on the hypothetical royalty stream that would be received if we were to license the trade name and was based on expected revenues. The fair value of the dealer network was estimated using an income approach known as the cost to recreate/cost savings method. This method uses the replacement of the asset as an indicator of the fair value of the asset. The determination of the fair value of other assets acquired and liabilities assumed involves assessing factors such as the expected future cash flows associated with individual assets and liabilities and appropriate discount rates at the date of the acquisition.

Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

We test goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets (trade names in certain instances) for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter and more frequently if events or circumstances occur that would indicate a reduction in fair value. Our test of impairment begins by either performing a qualitative evaluation or a quantitative test:

•Qualitative evaluation - Performed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of goodwill or the indefinite-lived trade name exceeds the fair value of the asset. During our qualitative assessment, we make significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments, including, but not limited to, the macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance of the Company and the reporting units, changes in our share price, and relevant company-specific events. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the goodwill or indefinite-lived trade name exceeds the fair value, we perform the quantitative test to determine the amount of the impairment.

•Quantitative test - Used to calculate the fair value of goodwill or the indefinite-lived trade name. If the carrying value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived trade name exceeds the fair value, the impairment is calculated as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Our goodwill fair value model uses a blend of the income (discounted future cash flow) and market (guideline public company) approaches, which includes the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). Our indefinite-lived trade name fair value model uses the income (relief-from-royalty) approach, which includes the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). During these valuations, we make significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments, including current and projected future levels of income based on management’s plans, business trends, market and economic conditions, and market-participant considerations. Actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts, which could result in future impairment losses.

During the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2024, we completed our annual assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets and determined that the carrying value of the Chris-Craft reporting unit exceeded its fair value, resulting in a $30.3 million impairment charge, which represents the full goodwill balance attributable to the reporting unit. Comparatively, no impairments were recorded in Fiscal 2023 and Fiscal 2022.

For further information regarding goodwill and intangible assets, see Note 7 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Warranty

We provide certain service and warranty on our products. Estimated costs related to product warranty are accrued at the time of sale and are based upon past warranty claims and unit sales history. Estimates are adjusted as needed to reflect actual costs incurred as information becomes available.

In addition to the costs associated with the contractual warranty coverage provided on our products, we also occasionally incur costs as a result of additional service actions not covered by our warranties, including product recalls and customer satisfaction actions. Although we estimate and reserve for the cost of these service actions, there can be no assurance that expense levels will remain at current levels or such reserves will continue to be adequate.

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A significant increase in dealership labor rates, the cost of parts, or the frequency of claims could have a material adverse impact on our operating results for the period or periods in which such claims or additional costs materialize. A hypothetical change of a 10% increase or decrease in our warranty liability as of August 31, 2024 would not have a material effect on our net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a summary of new applicable accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Unless otherwise noted, transactions and other factors significantly impacting our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity are discussed in order of magnitude. Our MD&A is presented in five sections:

•Overview

•Results of Operations

•Analysis of Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

•New Accounting Pronouncements

Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The year-over-year comparisons in this MD&A are as of and for the fiscal years ended August 26, 2023 and August 27, 2022, unless stated otherwise. The discussion of Fiscal 2021 results and related year-over-year comparisons as of and for the fiscal years ended August 27, 2022 and August 28, 2021 are found in Item 7 of Part II of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 27, 2022.

Overview

Winnebago Industries, Inc. is one of the leading North American manufacturers of recreation vehicles ("RVs") and marine products with a diversified portfolio used primarily in leisure travel and outdoor recreational activities. We also design and manufacture advanced battery solutions that deliver “house power,” supporting internal electrical features and appliances for a variety of outdoor products including RVs, boats, specialty and other low-speed vehicles, as well as other industrial applications. We produce our motorhome RV units in Iowa and Indiana; our towable RV units in Indiana; and our marine units in Indiana and Florida. We distribute our RV and marine products primarily through independent dealers across the U.S. and Canada, who then retail the products to the end consumer. We also distribute our marine products internationally through independent dealers, who then retail the products to the end consumer. Our battery solutions are primarily sold to customers in the U.S.

Change in Presentation

In the first quarter of Fiscal 2023, we changed our presentation in tables from thousands to millions, unless otherwise designated. As a result, certain rounding adjustments have been made to prior period disclosed amounts in order to conform to the current year presentation. In addition, certain prior period amounts may not recalculate due to rounding. These changes were not significant, and no other updates were made to previously reported financial information.

Known Trends and Uncertainties

Our business continues to be challenged by macroeconomic conditions impacting retail consumers, such as inflation and rising interest rates. These factors have contributed to lower consumer spending and reduced short-term demand for large discretionary products such as RVs and marine products. In the fourth quarter of 2023, these trends resulted in decreased sales due to declines in unit volume associated with the retail market conditions and a cautious dealer network. In response, we are working closely with dealer partners across all our segments to align field inventory levels to meet end consumer demand. We anticipate that as field inventory levels further normalize and consumer demand stabilizes, dealers will exhibit a growing willingness to replenish inventories in the second half of Fiscal 2024. We continue to produce and ship in accordance with dealer demand as evidenced and requested by dealer orders.

Despite the current economic uncertainty, we believe in the long-term health of consumer demand for RV and marine products.

Other Matters

On September 15, 2023, the UAW announced targeted strikes impacting certain auto manufacturers from which we purchase chassis. While we do not expect immediate disruption from the strike, the situation remains dynamic, and the exact magnitude and duration is difficult to predict at this time. Refer to Item 1A — Risk Factors in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

In the first quarter of Fiscal 2023, Mercedes-Benz AG issued a global recall related to an electronic parking brake defect affecting 2019 through 2022 Sprinter chassis. As a result, all retail sales and wholesale shipments of our products built on this chassis were temporarily suspended until a recall remedy was implemented. During the second quarter of Fiscal 2023, the recall remedy was implemented in cooperation with Mercedes-Benz AG. This recall impacted our Motorhome RV segment net sales and profitability in Fiscal 2023.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This MD&A includes financial information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), as well as certain adjusted or non-GAAP financial measures, such as EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and other pretax adjustments made in order to present comparable results from period to period.

These non-GAAP financial measures, which are not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP, have been provided as information supplemental and in addition to the financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered superior to, as a substitute for, or as an alternative to, and should be considered in conjunction with, the GAAP financial measures presented herein. The non-GAAP financial measures presented may differ from similar measures used by other companies.

Included in "Results of Operations - Fiscal 2023 Compared to Fiscal 2022" is a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. We have included these non-GAAP performance measures as a comparable measure to illustrate the effect of non-recurring transactions that occurred during the reported periods and to improve comparability of our results from period to period. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information about our operating performance as this measure excludes amounts from net income that we do not consider part of our core operating results when assessing our performance. Examples of items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA include acquisition-related costs, litigation reserves, restructuring expenses, gain or loss on property, plant, and equipment, contingent consideration fair value adjustment, and non-operating income or loss.

Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures (a) to evaluate our historical and prospective financial performance and trends as well as our performance relative to competitors and peers; (b) to measure operational profitability on a consistent basis; (c) in presentations to the members of our Board of Directors to enable our Board of Directors to have the same measurement basis of operating performance as used by management in its assessments of performance and in forecasting; (d) to evaluate potential acquisitions; and (e) to ensure compliance with covenants and restricted activities under the terms of our ABL Credit Facility and outstanding notes, as further described in Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in the industry.

Results of Operations - Fiscal 2023 Compared to Fiscal 2022

Consolidated Performance Summary

The following is an analysis of changes in key items included in the statements of operations for the fiscal year ended August 26, 2023 compared to the fiscal year ended August 27, 2022:

(1)    Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided. In addition, percentages may not add in total due to rounding.

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Net revenues decreased primarily due to lower unit sales related to retail market conditions and higher discounts and allowances compared to prior year, partially offset by carryover price increases.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased primarily due to volume deleverage and higher discounts and allowances compared to prior year.

Operating expenses decreased primarily due to lower incentive and volume-based compensation related to performance, lower amortization related to Barletta intangible assets, lower legal settlement expenses, and other cost reduction efforts, partially offset by strategic investments.

Non-operating loss decreased due to a lower contingent consideration fair value adjustment related to the earnout from the acquisition of Barletta.

Our effective tax rate decreased primarily due to both an increase in tax credits year-over-year over decreased income in the current year and favorable return to provision adjustments.

Non-GAAP Reconciliation

The following table reconciles net income to consolidated EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for Fiscal 2023 and 2022:

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Reportable Segment Performance Summary

Towable RV

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Towable RV segment for Fiscal 2023 and 2022:

(1)    Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided.

(2)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(3)    Percentages may not add due to rounding differences.

(4)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog generally can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

Net revenues decreased primarily due to a decline in unit volume associated with retail market conditions, a reduction in dealer inventories, and higher levels of discounts and allowances compared to prior year, partially offset by carryover price increases.

Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased primarily due to volume deleverage and higher discounts and allowances compared to prior year, partially offset by successful cost reduction initiatives and favorable warranty experience.

Backlog decreased compared to the prior year due to continued softness in retail conditions and a cautious dealer network.

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Motorhome RV

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Motorhome RV segment for Fiscal 2023 and 2022:

(1)    Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided.

(2)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(3)    Percentages may not add due to rounding differences.

(4)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

Net revenues decreased primarily due to a decline in unit volume related to retail market conditions and higher levels of discounts and allowances compared to prior year, partially offset by price increases related to higher chassis costs.

Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased due to volume deleverage, higher discounts and allowances, and operational efficiency challenges.

Backlog decreased due to continued softness in retail conditions and a cautious dealer network.

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Marine

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Marine segment for Fiscal 2023 and 2022:

(1)    Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided.

(2)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(3)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog generally can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

(4)    Due to the nature of the Marine industry, this amount includes a higher proportion of retail sold units than our other segments.

Net revenues increased primarily due to price increases, partially offset by higher discounts and allowances.

Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased due to higher discounts and allowances compared to prior year.

Backlog decreased primarily driven by cautious dealer sentiment related to rising inventory levels.

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Analysis of Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from total operations for Fiscal 2023 and 2022:

Operating Activities

During Fiscal 2023, cash provided by operating activities was $294.5 million compared to $400.6 million in Fiscal 2022. The decrease is primarily driven by lower profitability adjusted for non-cash items, partially offset by net favorable changes in operating assets and liabilities. The favorable impact of operating assets and liabilities is primarily due to changes in accounts receivable due to lower sales and timing of invoicing/collections, and changes in inventory due to elevated purchases in Fiscal 2022 to support customer demand, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable due to lower purchasing requirements.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities decreased in Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 primarily due to our acquisition of Barletta during the first quarter of Fiscal 2022 compared to the acquisition of Lithionics during the third quarter of Fiscal 2023.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities decreased in Fiscal 2023 compared to Fiscal 2022 primarily due to a decrease in share repurchases in Fiscal 2023.

Debt and Capital

We maintain a $350.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility ("ABL Credit Facility") with a maturity date of July 15, 2027 subject to certain factors which may accelerate the maturity date. As of August 26, 2023, we had $309.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and no borrowings against the ABL Credit Facility. Our cash and cash equivalent balances consist of high quality, short-term money market instruments.

On July 8, 2020, we closed our private offering (the “Senior Secured Notes Offering”) of $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the “Senior Secured Notes”).

On November 1, 2019, we issued $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.5% unsecured Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (“Convertible Notes”), which were used to partially fund the Newmar acquisition.

We continue to evaluate the financial stability of the counterparties and counterparty risk for the Convertible Notes, the Senior Secured Notes, and the ABL Credit Facility.

Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.

Other Financial Measures

Working capital as of August 26, 2023 and August 27, 2022 was $600.7 million and $571.7 million, respectively.

Capital Expenditures

We anticipate capital expenditures in Fiscal 2024 of approximately $60.0 million to $80.0 million. We will continue to support organic growth through facility improvements to benefit a safer operating environment, operational improvements, and investments in software and our digital capabilities. We believe cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and the borrowing capacity available under our ABL Credit Facility and other debt instruments will be sufficient to support our capital expenditures for the foreseeable future.

Share Repurchases and Dividends

We repurchase our common stock and pay dividends pursuant to programs approved by our Board of Directors. Our long-term capital allocation strategy is to first fund operations and investments in growth, maintain reasonable liquidity, maintain a leverage ratio that reflects a prudent capital structure in light of the cyclical industries we compete in, and then return excess cash over time

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to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. Refer to Item 5 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion about our share repurchase program and dividend declared on August 16, 2023.

Cash Requirements

Our cash requirements within the next twelve months include accounts payable, accrued expenses, purchase commitments and other current liabilities.

Our cash requirements greater than twelve months from various contractual obligations and commitments include:

Debt Obligations and Interest Payments

Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our debt and the timing of expected future principal and interest payments. Interest payments are based on fixed interest rates for the Senior Secured Notes and Convertible Notes.

Operating and Finance Leases

Refer to Note 10 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our lease obligations and the timing of expected future payments.

Deferred Compensation Obligations

Refer to Note 11 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our deferred compensation plans. We expect to pay $1.8 million in the next 12 months and $7.9 million beyond 12 months.

Contracted Services

Contracted services include agreements with third-party service providers primarily for software, payroll services, and equipment maintenance services for periods up to Fiscal 2026. We expect to pay approximately $16.8 million in the next 12 months and approximately $26.2 million beyond 12 months.

Contingent Repurchase Obligations

Refer to Note 12 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding our contingent repurchase commitment and estimated obligation, most of which we expect to expire within one year.

We expect to satisfy our short-term and long-term obligations through a combination of cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and the borrowing capacity available under our ABL Credit Facility and other debt instruments.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates, and judgments on historical experience, current trends, and other factors believed to be relevant at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.

Our critical accounting policies are discussed in Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe that the following accounting policies and estimates are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These estimates require our most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments because they relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. We have reviewed these critical accounting policies and estimates and related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

We have not made any material changes during the past three fiscal years, nor do we believe there is a reasonable likelihood of a material future change to the accounting methodologies for the areas described below.

Accounting for Business Combinations

We account for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. This method requires the recording of acquired assets, including separately identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities at their acquisition date fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash flows, discount rates, royalty rates and asset lives, among other items.

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We used the income approach to value certain intangible assets. Under the income approach, an intangible asset’s fair value is equal to the present value of future economic benefits to be derived from ownership of the asset. We used the income approach known as the relief from royalty method to value the fair value of the trade names. The relief from royalty method is based on the hypothetical royalty stream that would be received if we were to license the trade name and was based on expected revenues. The fair value of the dealer network was estimated using an income approach known as the cost to recreate/cost savings method. This method uses the replacement of the asset as an indicator of the fair value of the asset. The determination of the fair value of other assets acquired and liabilities assumed involves assessing factors such as the expected future cash flows associated with individual assets and liabilities and appropriate discount rates at the date of the acquisition.

Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

We test goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets (trade names in certain instances) for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter and more frequently if events or circumstances occur that would indicate a reduction in fair value. Our test of impairment begins by either performing a qualitative evaluation or a quantitative test:

•Qualitative evaluation - Performed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of goodwill or the indefinite-lived trade name exceeds the fair value of the asset. During our qualitative assessment, we make significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments, including, but not limited to, the macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance of the Company and the reporting units, changes in our share price, and relevant company-specific events. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the goodwill or indefinite-lived trade name exceeds the fair value, we perform the quantitative test to determine the amount of the impairment.

•Quantitative test - Used to calculate the fair value of goodwill or the indefinite-lived trade name. If the carrying value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived trade name exceeds the fair value, the impairment is calculated as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Our goodwill fair value model uses a blend of the income (discounted future cash flow) and market (guideline public company) approaches, which includes the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). Our indefinite-lived trade name fair value model uses the income (relief-from-royalty) approach, which includes the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). During these valuations, we make significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments, including current and projected future levels of income based on management’s plans, business trends, market and economic conditions, and market-participant considerations.

Actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. No impairments were recorded in Fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021. For further information regarding goodwill and intangible assets, see Note 7 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Warranty

We provide certain service and warranty on our products. Estimated costs related to product warranty are accrued at the time of sale and are based upon past warranty claims and unit sales history. Estimates are adjusted as needed to reflect actual costs incurred as information becomes available.

In addition to the costs associated with the contractual warranty coverage provided on our products, we also occasionally incur costs as a result of additional service actions not covered by our warranties, including product recalls and customer satisfaction actions. Although we estimate and reserve for the cost of these service actions, there can be no assurance that expense levels will remain at current levels or such reserves will continue to be adequate.

A significant increase in dealership labor rates, the cost of parts, or the frequency of claims could have a material adverse impact on our operating results for the period or periods in which such claims or additional costs materialize. A hypothetical change of a 10% increase or decrease in our warranty liability as of August 26, 2023 would not have a material effect on our net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a summary of new applicable accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Unless otherwise noted, transactions and other factors significantly impacting our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity are discussed in order of magnitude. Our MD&A is presented in five sections:

•Overview

•Results of Operations

•Analysis of Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

•New Accounting Pronouncements

Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The year-over-year comparisons in this MD&A are as of and for the fiscal years ended August 27, 2022 and August 28, 2021, unless stated otherwise. The discussion of Fiscal 2020 results and related year-over-year comparisons as of and for the fiscal years ended August 28, 2021 and August 29, 2020 are found in Item 7 of Part II of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 28, 2021.

Overview

Winnebago Industries, Inc. is one of the leading North American manufacturers of recreation vehicles ("RV"s) and marine products with a diversified portfolio used primarily in leisure travel and outdoor recreational activities. We produce our motorhome units in Iowa and Indiana; our towable units in Indiana; and our marine units in Indiana and Florida. We distribute our RV and marine products primarily through independent dealers across the U.S. and Canada, who then retail the products to the end consumer. We also distribute our marine products internationally through independent dealers, who then retail the products to the end consumer.

Macroeconomic Events

In February 2022, the United States announced targeted economic sanctions on Russia in response to the military conflict in Ukraine. As described in Part I, Item 1A — Risk Factors, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our business may be sensitive to economic conditions such as the adverse impact of global tensions, which could impact input costs, consumer spending, and fuel prices. As our operations are primarily in North America, we have no direct exposure to Russia and Ukraine. However, we are actively monitoring the broader economic impact of the crisis, especially the potential impact of rising commodity and fuel prices, and the potential decreased demand for our products.

COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in strong retail demand by consumers of RVs as a safe travel option, and of marine products as a safe way to experience the outdoors. However, the pandemic has also caused global supply chain disruption. Our production has experienced certain supply shortages, particularly within our Motorhome and Marine segments, as well as material and component cost inflation. If these disruptions continue, or if there are additional disruptions in our supply chain, it could materially or adversely impact our operating results and financial condition. Despite certain supply shortages and inflationary cost input pressures, we continue to operate and adapt to these temporary supply chain disruptions. Refer to the COVID-19 related risk factor disclosed in Item 1A of Part I in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Acquisition of Barletta

On August 31, 2021, we completed our acquisition of all the equity interests of Barletta for $286.3 million funded with cash payments of $240.1 million, $25.0 million in common stock issued to the sellers (subject to a 12% discount), and contingent consideration from earnout provisions. For further discussion regarding the acquisition, refer to Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The acquisition of Barletta resulted in a newly created Marine reportable segment effective as of the first quarter of Fiscal 2022. The Marine reportable segment consists of the Barletta and Chris-Craft operating segments.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This MD&A includes financial information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), as well as certain adjusted or non-GAAP financial measures such as EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and other pretax

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adjustments made in order to present comparable results from period to period.

These non-GAAP financial measures, which are not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP, have been provided as information supplemental and in addition to the financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered superior to, as a substitute for, or as an alternative to, and should be considered in conjunction with, the GAAP financial measures presented herein. The non-GAAP financial measures presented may differ from similar measures used by other companies.

Included in "Results of Operations - Fiscal 2022 Compared to Fiscal 2021" is a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income, the nearest GAAP measure. We have included these non-GAAP performance measures as a comparable measure to illustrate the effect of non-recurring transactions that occurred during the reported periods and to improve comparability of our results from period to period. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information about our operating performance as this measure excludes amounts from net income that we do not consider part of our core operating results when assessing our performance. Examples of items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA include acquisition-related fair-value inventory step-up, acquisition-related costs, litigation reserves, restructuring expenses, gain or loss on sale of property, plant and equipment, contingent consideration fair value adjustment, and non-operating income or loss.

Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures (a) to evaluate our historical and prospective financial performance and trends as well as our performance relative to competitors and peers; (b) to measure operational profitability on a consistent basis; (c) in presentations to the members of our Board of Directors to enable our Board of Directors to have the same measurement basis of operating performance as used by management in its assessments of performance and in forecasting; (d) to evaluate potential acquisitions; and (e) to ensure compliance with covenants and restricted activities under the terms of our ABL Credit Facility and outstanding notes, as further described in Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in the industry.

Industry Trends

The RV and marine industries continue to experience shipping delays, and material and component cost inflation. In addition, both industries continue to experience supply chain disruptions and shortages, particularly within the Motorhome and Marine segments. While we continue to operate and adapt to these supply chain disruptions, they impacted our ability to increase production to meet existing demand during Fiscal 2022 and continuing in Fiscal 2023.

We believe field inventory for our Towable segment is returning to normalized levels to adequately serve end consumer demand, whereas field inventory for our Motorhome and Marine segments remains lower than desired by our dealer network, which indicates future strength in wholesale shipments. We continue to produce and ship in accordance with dealer demand as evidenced and requested by dealer orders.

RV industry retail sales have been softening compared to record high prior year levels; however, we still believe in the long-term health of consumer demand for RV and marine products. More people are pursuing outdoor activities, household penetration of RVs is increasing, and campers are more diverse than ever. According to statistics published by Kampgrounds of America, Inc., over 14 million households camped for the first time in 2020 and 2021, and combined with record levels of first-time buyers of RVs over the past two years, we believe a positive outlook exists for new product and upgrade-related sales. Despite these developments, current macroeconomic trends such as inflation, rising interest rates and low consumer sentiment, as well as global political tensions, contribute to reduced short-term consumer demand for large discretionary products such as RVs and Marine products, which could in turn impact our future revenue and profits.

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Results of Operations - Fiscal 2022 Compared to Fiscal 2021

Consolidated Performance Summary

The following is an analysis of changes in key items included in the statements of operations for the fiscal year ended August 27, 2022 compared to the fiscal year ended August 28, 2021:

(1)    Percentages may not add due to rounding differences.

Net revenues increased primarily due to incremental sales from the acquisition of Barletta, price increases, and unit growth.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue increased primarily due to improved operating leverage on higher revenues and price increases, partially offset by higher material and component costs, and production inefficiencies caused by supply constraints.

Operating expenses increased primarily due to higher operating expenses to support increased sales, acquisition-related costs, incremental operating expenses and amortization associated with the acquisition of Barletta, and higher incentive-based compensation related to operating performance.

Non-operating loss increased predominantly due to the contingent consideration fair value adjustment related to the acquisition of Barletta.

Our effective tax rate increased primarily due to the impact of consistent tax credits compared to the prior year over increased income in the current year and a net unfavorable expense in the current year related to nondeductible compensation.

Net income and diluted earnings per share increased primarily due to leverage gained on higher revenues, partially offset by increased operating expenses and higher income tax expense.

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Non-GAAP Reconciliation

The following table reconciles net income to consolidated EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for Fiscal 2022 and 2021:

(1)    Balance excludes depreciation expense classified as restructuring as the balance is already included in the EBITDA calculation.

Reportable Segment Performance Summary

Towable

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Towable segment for Fiscal 2022 and 2021:

(1)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(2)    Percentages may not add due to rounding differences.

(3)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

Net revenues increased primarily due to price increases related to higher material and component costs.

Adjusted EBITDA increased primarily due to revenue growth, partially offset by higher operating expenses to support increasing sales.

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Motorhome

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Motorhome segment for Fiscal 2022 and 2021:

(1)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(2)    Percentages may not add due to rounding differences.

(3)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

Net revenues increased primarily due to price increases related to higher material and component costs, and unit growth.

Adjusted EBITDA increased primarily due to revenue growth, partially offset by higher material and component costs, and operating expenses.

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Marine

The following is an analysis of key changes in our Marine segment for Fiscal 2022 and 2021:

(1)    ASP excludes off-invoice dealer incentives.

(2)    Our backlog includes all accepted orders from dealers which generally have been requested to be shipped within the next six months. Orders in backlog generally can be cancelled or postponed at the option of the dealer at any time without penalty; therefore, backlog may not necessarily be an accurate measure of future sales.

Net revenues and Adjusted EBITDA increased primarily due to the acquisition of Barletta at the beginning of the first quarter of Fiscal 2022.

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Analysis of Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from total operations for Fiscal 2022 and 2021:

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities increased in Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021 due to higher profitability, a $36.6 million increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities, and a $27.2 million increase in accounts payable to support the growth in the business, partially offset by a $171.3 million increase in inventory to support operational activities during a period impacted by continued supply chain challenges.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities increased in Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021 primarily due to our acquisition of Barletta during the first quarter of Fiscal 2022.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities increased in Fiscal 2022 compared to Fiscal 2021 primarily due to an increase in stock repurchases in Fiscal 2022.

Debt and Capital

We maintain an ABL Credit Facility subject to certain factors which may accelerate the maturity date. On July 15, 2022, our ABL Credit Facility was amended and restated to, among other things, increase the commitments thereunder to $350.0 million, from $192.5 million, and extend the maturity date to July 15, 2027 from October 22, 2024. As of August 27, 2022, we had $282.2 million in cash and cash equivalents and no borrowings against the ABL Credit Facility. We continue to evaluate the financial stability of the counterparties and counterparty risk for the Convertible Notes, the Senior Secured Notes, and the ABL Credit Facility.

On July 8, 2020, we closed our private offering (the "Senior Secured Notes Offering") of $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due 2028 (the "Senior Secured Notes"). Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional details.

On November 1, 2019, we issued $300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.5% unsecured Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 ("Convertible Notes"), which were used to partially fund the Newmar acquisition. Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional details.

Our cash and cash equivalent balances consist of high quality, short-term money market instruments.

Other Financial Measures

Working capital as of August 27, 2022 and August 28, 2021 was $571.7 million and $651.6 million, respectively.

Capital Expenditures

We anticipate capital expenditures in Fiscal 2023 of approximately $75.0 million to $100.0 million. We will continue to support organic growth through capacity expansion in our facilities and make capital improvements as necessary. We believe cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and the borrowing capacity available under our ABL Credit Facility and other debt instruments will be sufficient to support our capital expenditures for the foreseeable future.

Share Repurchases and Dividends

We repurchase our common stock and pay dividends pursuant to programs approved by our Board of Directors. Our long-term capital allocation strategy is to first fund operations and investments in growth, maintain reasonable liquidity, maintain a leverage ratio that reflects a prudent capital structure in light of the cyclical industries we compete in, and then return excess cash over time to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. Refer to Item 5 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for discussion about our share repurchase program and dividend declared on August 17, 2022.

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Cash Requirements

Our cash requirements within the next twelve months include accounts payable, accrued expenses, purchase commitments and other current liabilities.

Our cash requirements greater than twelve months from various contractual obligations and commitments include:

Debt Obligations and Interest Payments

Refer to Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further detail of our debt and the timing of expected future principal and interest payments. Interest payments are based on fixed interest rates for the Senior Secured Notes and Convertible Notes.

Operating and Finance Leases

Refer to Note 10 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further detail of our lease obligations and the timing of expected future payments.

Deferred Compensation Obligations

Refer to Note 11 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further detail of our deferred compensation plans. We expect to pay $2.6 million in the next 12 months and $8.1 million beyond 12 months.

Contracted Services

Contracted services include agreements with third-party service providers for software, payroll services, equipment maintenance services, and audits for periods up to Fiscal 2025. We expect to pay $7.0 million beyond 12 months.

Contingent Repurchase Obligations

Refer to Note 12 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further detail of our contingent repurchase commitment and estimated obligation, most of which we expect to expire within one year.

We expect to satisfy our short-term and long-term obligations through a combination of cash on hand, funds generated from operations, and the borrowing capacity available under our ABL Credit Facility and other debt instruments.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. In connection with the preparation of our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates, and judgments on historical experience, current trends, and other factors believed to be relevant at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared. Because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.

Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe that the following accounting policies and estimates are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These estimates require our most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments because they relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. We have reviewed these critical accounting policies and estimates and related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

We have not made any material changes during the past three fiscal years, nor do we believe there is a reasonable likelihood of a material future change to the accounting methodologies for the areas described below.

Accounting for Business Combinations

We account for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting. This method requires the recording of acquired assets, including separately identifiable intangible assets, and assumed liabilities at their acquisition date fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management’s judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash flows, discount rates, royalty rates and asset lives, among other items.

We used the income approach to value certain intangible assets. Under the income approach, an intangible asset’s fair value is equal to the present value of future economic benefits to be derived from ownership of the asset. We used the income approach known as the relief from royalty method to value the fair value of the trade names. The relief from royalty method is based on the hypothetical royalty stream that would be received if we were to license the trade name and was based on expected revenues. The fair value of the dealer network was estimated using an income approach known as the cost to recreate/cost savings method. This

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method uses the replacement of the asset as an indicator of the fair value of the asset. The determination of the fair value of other assets acquired and liabilities assumed involves assessing factors such as the expected future cash flows associated with individual assets and liabilities and appropriate discount rates at the date of the acquisition.

Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

We test goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets (trade names) for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter and more frequently if events or circumstances occur that would indicate a reduction in fair value. Our test of impairment begins by either performing a qualitative evaluation or a quantitative test:

•Qualitative evaluation - Performed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the carrying value of goodwill or the trade name exceeds the fair value of the asset. During our qualitative assessment, we make significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments, including, but not limited to, the macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance of the Company and the reporting units, changes in our share price, and relevant company-specific events. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of goodwill exceeds the fair value of goodwill, we perform the quantitative test to determine the amount of the impairment.

•Quantitative test - Used to calculate the fair value of goodwill or the trade name. If the carrying value of the reporting unit or trade name exceeds the fair value, the impairment is calculated as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Our goodwill fair value model uses a blend of the income (discounted future cash flow) and market (guideline public company) approaches, which includes the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). Our trade name fair value model uses the income (relief-from-royalty) approach, which includes the use of significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). During these valuations, we make significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments, including current and projected future levels of income based on management’s plans, business trends, market and economic conditions, and market-participant considerations.

Actual results may differ from assumed and estimated amounts. No impairments were recorded in Fiscal 2022, 2021, and 2020. For further information regarding goodwill and intangible assets, see Note 7 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Warranty

We provide certain service and warranty on our products. Estimated costs related to product warranty are accrued at the time of sale and are based upon past warranty claims and unit sales history. Estimates are adjusted as needed to reflect actual costs incurred as information becomes available.

In addition to the costs associated with the contractual warranty coverage provided on our products, we also occasionally incur costs as a result of additional service actions not covered by our warranties, including product recalls and customer satisfaction actions. Although we estimate and reserve for the cost of these service actions, there can be no assurance that expense levels will remain at current levels or such reserves will continue to be adequate.

A significant increase in dealership labor rates, the cost of parts, or the frequency of claims could have a material adverse impact on our operating results for the period or periods in which such claims or additional costs materialize. A hypothetical change of a 10% increase or decrease in our warranty liability as of August 27, 2022 would not have a material effect on our net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a summary of new applicable accounting pronouncements, see Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Unless otherwise noted, transactions and other factors significantly impacting our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity are discussed in order of magnitude. Our MD&A is presented in five sections:

•Overview

•Results of Operations

•Analysis of Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

•New Accounting Pronouncements

Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The year-over-year comparisons in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are as of and for the fiscal years ended August 28, 2021 and August 29, 2020, unless stated otherwise. The discussion of Fiscal 2019 results and related year-over-year comparisons as of and for the fiscal years ended August 29, 2020 and August 31, 2019 are found in Item 7 of Part II of our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 29, 2020.

Overview

Winnebago Industries, Inc. is one of the leading North American manufacturers of recreation vehicles ("RV"s) and marine products with a diversified portfolio used primarily in leisure travel and outdoor recreational activities. We produce our motorhome units in Iowa and Indiana; our towable units in Indiana; and our marine units in Florida. We distribute our RV and marine products primarily through independent dealers throughout the U.S. and Canada, who then retail the products to the end consumer. We also distribute our marine products internationally through independent dealers, who then retail the products to the end consumer.

Acquisition of Barletta

At the beginning of Fiscal 2022, we completed our acquisition of all the equity interests of Barletta Boat Company, LLC and Three Limes, LLC (collectively, "Barletta") for $255.0 million funded with $230.0 million cash on hand and $25.0 million in common stock issued to the sellers. For further discussion regarding the acquisition, refer to Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

COVID-19 Pandemic

We continue to monitor guidance from international and domestic authorities, including federal, state and local public health authorities, regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and may take additional actions based on their requirements and recommendations. In these circumstances, there may be developments outside our control requiring us to adjust our operating plan. Overall, there has been strong retail demand by consumers of RVs as a safe travel option, and of marine products as a safe way to experience the outdoors, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our production has experienced certain supply shortages, and if supply shortages continue or there are additional disruptions in our supply chain, it could materially and adversely impact our operating results and financial condition. Despite certain supply shortages, we continue to actively manage through these temporary supply chain disruptions. Refer to the COVID-19 related risk factor disclosed in Item 1A of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This MD&A includes financial information prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), as well as certain adjusted or non-GAAP financial measures such as EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, and other pretax adjustments made in order to present comparable results from period to period.

These non-GAAP financial measures, which are not calculated or presented in accordance with GAAP, have been provided as information supplemental and in addition to the financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered superior to, as a substitute for, or as an alternative to, and should be considered in conjunction with, the GAAP financial measures presented herein. The non-GAAP financial measures presented may differ from similar measures used by other companies.

Included in "Results of Operations - Fiscal 2021 Compared to Fiscal 2020" is a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from net income, the nearest GAAP measure. We have included these non-GAAP performance measures as a comparable measure to illustrate the effect of non-recurring transactions that occurred during the reported periods and to improve comparability of our

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results from period to period. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides meaningful supplemental information about our operating performance as this measure excludes amounts from net income that we do not consider part of our core operating results when assessing our performance. Examples of items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA include acquisition-related costs, restructuring expenses, gain or loss on sale of property and equipment, and non-operating (income) loss.

Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures (a) to evaluate our historical and prospective financial performance and trends as well as our performance relative to competitors and peers; (b) to measure operational profitability on a consistent basis; (c) in presentations to the members of our Board of Directors to enable our Board of Directors to have the same measurement basis of operating performance as used by management in its assessments of performance and in forecasting; (d) to evaluate potential acquisitions; and (e) to ensure compliance with covenants and restricted activities under the terms of our ABL Credit Facility and outstanding notes, as further described in Note 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of Part II in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate companies in the industry.

Industry Trends

Our operations are organized under two reportable segments, Towable and Motorhome, based on similarities within their markets, products, operations, and distribution.

Key reported statistics for the North American RV industry are as follows:

•Wholesale unit shipments - RV product delivered to the dealers, which is reported monthly by the Recreation Vehicle Industry Association ("RVIA").

•Retail unit registrations - Consumer purchases of RVs from dealers, which is reported monthly by Stat Surveys.

We track RV Industry conditions using these key statistics to monitor trends and evaluate and understand our performance relative to the overall industry. The following is an analysis of changes in these key statistics for the rolling 12 months through August as of 2021 and 2020: