STEVEN MADDEN, LTD. (SHOO)

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Business Overview

($ in thousands, except for store count and per share data)

Steven Madden, Ltd. and its subsidiaries designs, sources, and markets fashion-forward branded and private label footwear, accessories, and apparel. We distribute our products through the wholesale channel to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, shoe chains, online retailers, national chains, specialty retailers, independent stores, and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe. Additionally, the Company operates in other international markets through its joint ventures in South Africa, the Middle East, Israel, various countries in Europe, Latin America, and certain countries in Asia, and through special distribution arrangements in various European countries, North Africa, South and Central America, and various countries within the Asia-Pacific region. We also distribute our products through our direct-to-consumer channel, which includes company-operated retail stores and e-commerce websites, in the United States, Canada, Mexico, South Africa, the Middle East, Israel, various countries in Europe, Latin America, and the Asia-Pacific region.

Our product offerings include a diverse range of contemporary styles, designed to establish or capitalize on market trends, complemented by core product offerings. We are recognized for our design creativity and ability to deliver trend-right products with high quality at accessible price points, efficiently and within short lead times.

The Company’s reportable operating segments consist of the following:

•Wholesale Footwear. This segment designs, sources, and markets our brands and sells our products to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, shoe chains, online retailers, national chains, specialty retailers, independent stores, and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, and through our joint ventures and international distributor network.

•Wholesale Accessories/Apparel. This segment designs, sources, and markets our brands and sells our products, primarily consisting of handbags and apparel, to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, online retailers, specialty retailers, independent stores, and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, and through our joint ventures and international distributor network.

•Direct-to-Consumer. This segment engages in the sale of footwear, handbags, apparel, and other accessories through Steve Madden and Dolce Vita full-price retail stores, Steve Madden outlet stores, directly-operated concessions in international markets, and directly-operated e-commerce websites. We operate retail locations in regional malls and shopping centers, as well as high streets in various cities across the United States, Canada, Mexico, and through our joint ventures in international markets.

•Licensing. This segment engages in the licensing of the Steve Madden® and Betsey Johnson® trademarks for use in the sale of select apparel, accessories, and home categories as well as various other non-core products.

As of January 2023, the Company no longer serves as a buying agent for any of its customers, and as a result, no longer reports under the First Cost segment. This change is not considered to have a material or meaningful impact on the Company's operations.

Corporate does not constitute a reportable segment and includes costs not directly attributable to the reportable operating segments. These expenses are primarily related to corporate executives, corporate finance, corporate social responsibility, legal, human resources, information technology, cybersecurity, and other shared services.

Recent Developments

Acquisition of the ATM Collection. In November 2024, we expanded our brand portfolio and business operations by acquiring the ATM Collection ("ATM") for approximately $9,783. ATM is a lifestyle brand specializing in elevated basics for men and women. This acquisition strengthens our presence in the high-end fashion market and aligns with our strategic growth initiatives. ATM is based in the United States and is included within our Wholesale Accessories/Apparel and Direct-to-Consumer segments.

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Joint Venture. In October 2024, we formed a joint venture with Luxury Ventures Pte. Ltd, a well-known distributor of luxury and retail goods throughout Southeast Asia, acquiring a 51.0% controlling financial interest in SM Distribution Singapore Pte. Ltd. with a contribution of $1,020. This joint venture was formed with the intention to distribute Steve Madden’s products primarily through retail and e-commerce channels throughout Singapore. This joint venture is included within our Direct-to-Consumer segment.

Joint Venture. In August 2024, we completed the acquisition of the remaining 49.0% non-controlling interest in our China joint venture in the amount of $1,500. The China joint venture was formed in 2019 and is the exclusive distributor of our products in China.

Acquisition of Kurt Geiger. On February 12, 2025, the Company entered into a sale and purchase deed (the “Purchase Agreement”), by and among SML UK Holding Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Steve Madden and various entities comprising the Fifth Cinven Fund, Bain & Company, Inc., Squam Lake Investors X LP, and certain individuals, pursuant to which the Purchaser has agreed to acquire the entire issued share capital of Mercury Acquisitions Topco Limited, a private limited company incorporated under the laws of Jersey and the holding company for the Kurt Geiger business.

The Company intends to fund the acquisition through a combination of debt financing and Steve Madden cash. In connection with and concurrently with the entry into the Purchase Agreement, Steve Madden entered into a commitment letter (the "Commitment Letter"), dated February 12, 2025, with Citizens Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, and Citibank (the "Commitment Parties"), pursuant to which, among other things, the Commitment Parties have committed to provide debt financing for the Transaction, consisting of senior secured credit facilities of up to an aggregate total of $550,000, which includes a $300,000 term loan and a $250,000 revolving credit facility, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Commitment Letter. The obligations of the Commitment Parties to provide debt financing under the Commitment Letter are subject to a number of customary conditions including, without limitation, execution and delivery of definitive documentation consistent with the Commitment Letter. Refer to Note 21 – Subsequent Events for further details.

Macroeconomic Conditions and Industry Trends

The global economy and retail sector are influenced by a range of factors that impact consumer behavior and business operations. Persistent inflation, high interest rates, foreign currency fluctuations, bank failures, and recession concerns continue to affect consumer discretionary income, spending habits, and overall sentiment in the United States and key international markets. In response to these pressures, many retailers, particularly in the United States, have adopted more aggressive promotional strategies to offset declines in foot traffic, improve conversion rates, and manage elevated inventory levels.

The department store sector has undergone significant structural changes, including consolidations, restructurings, bankruptcies, and an increase in store closures. At the same time, the geopolitical landscape remains uncertain, with recent political transitions potentially affecting international trade relations, tax and import regulations, and broader economic stability. These factors could create headwinds for our global business performance.

Additionally, ongoing military conflicts have contributed to inflationary pressures, unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates, rising energy costs, food shortages, and financial market volatility, all of which influence consumer confidence. While these conflicts led to our voluntary suspension of operations in Russia and a limited presence in Israel, they have not had a material impact on our financial statements. However, the broader economic ramifications of these conflicts remain a factor in shaping the retail environment in which we operate.

In response to these ongoing challenges, we are executing the following key strategic initiatives, which are aimed at driving growth and improving operational efficiency:

•Winning with product. Utilizing our proven model – which combines talented design teams, a test-and react strategy, and industry-leading speed-to-market capability – to create trend-right product assortments across footwear, accessories and apparel categories that resonate with the consumer.

•Investing in marketing. Continue investing in full-funnel marketing to deepen our connection with consumers.

•Expanding in international markets. Expanding our international businesses in the Americas (ex. U.S.), EMEA and APAC regions.

•Growing non-footwear categories. Expanding our product offerings across various categories outside of footwear, including handbags, accessories, and apparel.

•Expanding Direct-to-Consumer led by digital. Expanding our direct-to-consumer business with a focus on growing our digital business, including by optimizing our site functionality, personalization, and digital marketing, to enhance the consumers overall shopping experience.

•Operational Efficiency. Streamlining operations, tightly managing costs, and maintaining a disciplined inventory management approach are ongoing and aimed at enhancing overall profitability.

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•Sustainability Focus. Committing to our corporate social responsibility initiatives, as we work to minimize the negative impacts we have on the environment and maximize the positive impacts we have on our people and our communities.

Inflation

Our actual results could be materially and adversely impacted by ongoing inflationary pressures, as well as broader macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainties, including the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East. Inflation has contributed to higher costs for raw materials, labor, and logistics, which in turn have impacted consumer spending patterns and overall demand for our product. These pressures have negatively impacted both our wholesale and direct-to-consumer businesses, and may continue to do so despite efforts by central banks around the world, including in the United States, to combat inflation. Historically, we have mitigated the impact of rising costs through price adjustments, supplier negotiations, cost optimization initiatives, and operational efficiencies. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to fully offset future inflationary pressures, which could impact our profitability, margins, and overall financial performance.

Tariffs

In February 2025, the U.S. administration announced a 10% tariff on imports from China, where a significant portion of our products is sourced, with an effective date of February 4th, 2025, and further announced that an additional 10% tariff on imports from China and a potential 25% tariff on imports from Mexico and Canada are scheduled to take effect on March 4th, 2025. We are closely monitoring this evolving situation and evaluating our response, which may include shifts in sourcing strategies, price adjustments, or other cost-mitigation measures. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to fully mitigate the impact of such tariffs or trade restrictions. Future impacts are unknown at this time and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. For further discussion of related risks, see Item 1A. “Risk Factors.”

Dividends

Our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock which was paid on March 22, 2024, June 21, 2024, September 23, 2024, and December 27, 2024. The aggregate cash dividends paid for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was $61,039.

On February 25, 2025, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share payable on March 21, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 10, 2025.

2024 Highlights

Total revenue for 2024 was $2,282,927, an increase of 15.2% as compared to 2023. Net income attributable to Steven Madden, Ltd. was $169,390 in 2024 compared to $171,554 in 2023. Our effective tax rate for 2024 was 23.7% compared to 21.1% in 2023. Diluted earnings per share in 2024 was $2.35 per share on 71,963 diluted weighted average shares outstanding compared to diluted income of $2.30 per share on 74,565 diluted weighted average shares outstanding in 2023.

As of December 31, 2024, we had 291 brick-and-mortar retail stores and five e-commerce websites in operation, compared to 255 brick-and-mortar retail stores and five e-commerce websites as of December 31, 2023. This increase resulted from the opening of 54 brick-and-mortar stores, mostly in international markets, and one e-commerce website, offset by the closure of 18 brick-and-mortar stores and one e-commerce website. The Company also operated 42 concessions in international markets as of December 31, 2024, up from 25 concessions at the end of 2023.

Our inventory turnover (calculated on a trailing four quarter average) was 5.6 times for both the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Our total Company accounts receivable average collection days were 72 days in 2024 compared to 71 days in 2023. As of December 31, 2024, we had $203,408 in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, no debt, and total stockholders’ equity of $875,997. Working capital was $480,974 as of December 31, 2024, compared to $477,208 as of December 31, 2023.

As we look ahead, we remain focused on delivering trend-right product, deepening connections with our consumers, growing our international business, expanding our non-footwear categories, enhancing our digital commerce business, strengthening our core U.S. wholesale business, and efficiently managing our inventory and expenses, while continuing to make meaningful progress on our corporate social responsibility initiatives.

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Results of Operations

The following tables set forth information on operations for the periods indicated:

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The following section discusses our results of operations for 2024 and 2023 and year-to-year comparisons between those periods. Discussions of 2022 and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022 are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and can be found within Part II, Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 4, 2024.

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023

Consolidated

Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 15.2% to $2,282,927 compared to $1,981,582 in 2023, driven by growth in the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel, Direct-to-Consumer, and Wholesale Footwear segments.

Gross profit in 2024 was $936,932, or 41.0% of total revenue, as compared to $832,414, or 42.0% of total revenue, in the prior year. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of total revenue was driven by the acquisition of Almost Famous and a greater mix of the private label footwear business. In 2024 and 2023, gross profit included $435 and $2,023, respectively, related to the fair value step-up of inventory from acquired businesses.

Operating expenses in 2024 were $698,936, or 30.6% of total revenue, as compared to $612,672, or 30.9% of total revenue, in 2023. The decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue was primarily attributable to expense leverage on a higher revenue base. Operating expenses in 2024 included an expense of $6,378 related to acquisition costs, the formation of new international joint ventures, and the reorganization of foreign entities, $3,377 related to legal costs as a result of litigation settlements and earnout-related litigation, $3,199 related to a loss on the divestiture of a business, $1,758 related to certain severances and termination benefits, and $326 of working capital adjustment in connection with the Almost Famous acquisition. Operating expenses in 2023 included $3,803 related to certain severances, termination benefits, and a corporate office relocation, acquisition costs of $2,443 primarily for Almost Famous and the formation of international joint ventures, and $538 related to the dissolution of an entity in Asia. In 2024, we also recorded a pre-tax charge of $10,335 related to the impairment of trademarks and an expense of $2,722 due to the change in valuation of a contingent consideration liability. In 2023, we also recorded a pre-tax charge of $6,520 related to the impairment of a trademark.

Income from operations in 2024 increased to $224,939, or 9.9% of total revenue, as compared to $213,222, or 10.8% of total revenue, in 2023. The effective tax rate for 2024 was 23.7% compared to 21.1% in 2023. The increase was primarily due to a lower tax benefit related to equity-based awards and an increase in pre-tax income in jurisdictions with higher tax rates. Net income attributable to Steven Madden, Ltd. in 2024 was $169,390 compared to $171,554 in 2023.

Wholesale Footwear Segment

Revenue from the Wholesale Footwear segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $1,059,440, or 46.4% of total revenue, as compared to $1,048,448, or 52.9% of total revenue, in 2023. The increase of 1.0% was primarily driven by growth in our private label business partially offset by a decline in the branded business.

Gross profit in 2024 was $366,601, or 34.6% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, compared to $370,631, or 35.4% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in 2023. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to a greater mix of our private label business.

Operating expenses in 2024 were $175,389, or 16.6% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, as compared to $165,681, or 15.8% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in 2023. The increase in operating expenses as a percentage of Wholesale Footwear revenue was mainly due to higher payroll-related expenses. Operating expenses in 2024 included $1,161 related to legal costs as a result of certain litigation settlements, $387 related to certain severances and termination benefits, and $278 related to acquisition costs and the formation of new international joint ventures. Operating expenses in 2023 included costs of $2,712 related to the dissolution of an entity in Asia, $1,546 related to certain severances, termination benefits, and a corporate office relocation, and $929 related to the formation of new international joint ventures.

Income from operations in 2024 was $191,212, or 18.0% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, compared to $204,950, or 19.5% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in 2023.

Wholesale Accessories/Apparel Segment

Revenue from the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $662,673, or 29.0% of total revenue, compared to $416,532, or 21.0% of total revenue, in 2023. The increase of 59.1% was primarily driven by the acquisition of Almost Famous and strength in the Steve Madden handbag business.

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Gross profit in 2024 was $212,997, or 32.1% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, compared to $135,168, or 32.5% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in 2023. The decline in gross profit as a percentage of revenue was due to the addition of the Almost Famous business. In 2024 and 2023, gross profit included $435 and $2,023, respectively, related to the fair value step-up of inventory from acquired businesses.

Operating expenses in 2024 were $111,206, or 16.8% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, as compared to $73,740, or 17.7% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in 2023. The decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue was primarily attributable to expense leverage on a higher revenue base. Operating expenses in 2024 included $1,335 related to legal costs as result of litigation settlements and earnout-related litigation, $1,180 related to certain severances and termination benefits, $677 related to acquisition costs and the formation of new international joint ventures, and $326 of working capital adjustment in connection with the Almost Famous acquisition. Operating expenses in 2023 included acquisition costs of $1,505 for Almost Famous. In 2024, we also recorded a pre-tax charge of $8,635 related to the impairment of a trademark and an expense of $2,722 due to the change in valuation of a contingent consideration liability.

Income from operations in 2024 was $90,434, or 13.6% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, compared to $61,428, or 14.7% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in 2023.

Direct-to-Consumer Segment

Revenue from the Direct-to-Consumer segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $550,153, or 24.1% of total revenue, as compared to $506,494, or 25.6% of total revenue, in 2023. The increase of 8.6% was driven by growth in both our brick-and-mortar and e-commerce businesses. During 2024, we opened 54 brick-and-mortar stores and closed 18 resulting in a total of 291 brick-and-mortar stores as compared to 255 brick-and-mortar stores as of December 31, 2023. We also opened one e-commerce website and closed one e-commerce website ending the year with five e-commerce websites. Additionally, we operated 42 concessions in international markets as of December 31, 2024, up from 25 concessions at the end of 2023.

Gross profit in 2024 was $346,673, or 63.0% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, compared to $316,507, or 62.5% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, in 2023. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to a reduction in promotional activity.

Operating expenses in 2024 were $314,003, or 57.1% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, compared to $279,827, or 55.2% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, in 2023. The increase in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue was attributable to higher marketing expenses and occupancy-related costs. Operating expenses in 2024 included $5,090 related to acquisition costs and the formation of new international joint ventures, $3,199 related to a loss on the divestiture of a business, and $515 related to legal costs as a result of litigation settlements. Operating expenses in 2023 included a benefit of $2,174 related to the dissolution of an entity in Asia. In 2024 and 2023, we also recorded pre-tax charges of $1,700 and $6,520, respectively, related to the impairment of a trademark.

Income from operations in 2024 was $30,970, or 5.6% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue as compared to $30,160, or 6.0% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, in 2023.

Licensing Segment

Royalty income from the Licensing segment for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $10,661, or 0.5% of total revenue, compared to $10,108, or 0.5% of total revenue, in 2023. Operating expenses were $1,600 in 2024 compared to $1,681 in 2023. Income from operations in 2024 was $9,061 compared to $8,427 in 2023.

Corporate

Corporate does not constitute a reportable segment and includes costs not directly attributable to the reportable operating segments. These expenses are primarily related to corporate executives, corporate finance, corporate social responsibility, legal, human resources, information technology, cybersecurity, and other shared services. Corporate operating expenses were $96,738 for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $91,743 in 2023.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaled $203,408 and $219,813 as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Of the total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of December 31, 2024, $119,569, or approximately 59%, was held in our foreign subsidiaries. Of the total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of December 31, 2023, $134,745, or approximately 61%, was held in our foreign subsidiaries.

On July 22, 2020, we entered into a $150,000, five-year, asset-based revolving credit facility with various lenders and Citizens Bank (the “Credit Agreement”). On March 25, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement, which replaced the London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) with the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) as the interest rate benchmark, among other changes. On April 3, 2023, we entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement, which reflects CIT Group/Commercial Services, Inc. (“CIT”) as an additional receivables collection agent for us and certain guarantors. Further, on October 23, 2023, we entered into a third amendment to the Credit Agreement in order to accommodate certain changes made to our existing factoring arrangement with CIT.

As of December 31, 2024, we had working capital of $480,974, cash and cash equivalents of $189,924, short-term investments of $13,484, no cash borrowing, and $504 in letters of credit outstanding unrelated to the Credit Agreement.

We believe that based on our current financial position and available cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, we will meet all our financial commitments and operating needs for at least the next twelve months. In addition, our $150,000 asset-based revolving credit facility provides us with additional liquidity and flexibility on a long-term basis.

In connection with and concurrently with the entry into the acquisition of Kurt Geiger (the "Transaction"), we have entered into a commitment letter dated February 12, 2025 ("Commitment Letter"), with Citizens Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, and Citibank ("Commitment Parties") pursuant to which, among other things, the Commitment Parties have committed to provide debt financing for the Transaction, consisting of senior secured credit facilities of up to an aggregate total of $550,000, which includes a $300,000 term loan and a $250,000 revolving credit facility, on the terms and conditions set forth in the Commitment Letter.

Cash Flows

A summary of our cash provided by and used in operating, investing, and financing activities was as follows.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was $198,096 for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to $229,237 in the prior year. The decrease was primarily driven by unfavorable changes in inventories, receivables, and deferred taxes, partially offset by favorable changes in accounts payable, and net income.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $39,493 for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was primarily attributed to capital expenditures of $25,911 for leasehold improvements, new stores, and systems enhancements; purchases of short-term investments of $21,405, and acquisitions of $13,976. This was partially offset by proceeds from the sale of short-term investments of $22,139.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $167,906 for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was primarily attributable to share repurchases and net settlements of stock awards of $98,433, dividends paid of $61,039, and the payment of a contingent consideration liability of $8,547.

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Contractual and Other Obligations

Firm Commitments

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2024 were as follows:

(1) Refer to Note 13 – Leases to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

(2) Substantially all our products are produced by independent manufacturers at overseas locations, the majority of which are located in China, with a growing percentage located in Cambodia, Mexico, Vietnam, India, Italy, Brazil, Tunisia, and various other European and Asian countries. We have not entered into any long-term manufacturing or supply contracts with any of these foreign manufacturers. We believe that a sufficient number of alternative sources exist outside of the United States for the manufacture of our products. Purchases are made primarily in United States dollars.

(3) Future minimum royalty and advertising payments represent our obligation in connection with our licenses agreement. Refer to Note 15 – Commitments, Contingencies, and Other to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

(4) We have employment agreements with our Founder and Creative and Design Chief, Steven Madden, and certain executive officers, which provide for the payment of compensation. In addition, some of these employment agreements provide for incentive compensation based on various performance criteria and some provide for discretionary bonuses as well as other benefits, including stock-based compensation.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In addition to the commitments included in the Contractual Obligations table above, we have outstanding letters of credit of $504 outstanding as of December 31, 2024 related to the purchase of inventory. These letters of credit expire at various dates through 2030.

In connection with and concurrently with the entry into the Acquisition of Kurt Geiger (the "Transaction"), we have entered into a commitment letter dated February 12, 2025, with Citizens Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, and Citibank ("Commitment Parties") pursuant to which, among other things, to provide debt financing for the Transaction. Refer to Note 21 – Subsequent Events to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

We do not maintain any other off-balance sheet arrangements, transactions, obligations, or other relationships with unconsolidated entities that would be expected to have a material current or future effect on our consolidated financial statements. Refer to Note 15 – Commitments, Contingencies, and Other to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Dividends

In February 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on March 22, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 8, 2024. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2024 of $15,416.

In May 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on June 21, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 10, 2024. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended June 30, 2024 of $15,292.

In July 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on September 23, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 13, 2024. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended September 30, 2024 of $15,172.

In November 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on December 27, 2024, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 13, 2024. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended December 31, 2024 of $15,159.

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On February 25, 2025, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend. The quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share is payable on March 21, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 10, 2025.

Future quarterly cash dividend payments are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and contingent upon future earnings, our financial condition, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors. Therefore, we can give no assurance that dividends will be paid to holders of our common stock in the future.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND THE USE OF ESTIMATES

Management believes the following critical accounting estimates are the most significantly affected by judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements: allowances for doubtful accounts; markdowns and chargeback allowances, co-op advertising allowances, customer returns; inventory valuation; the valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets; and contingent consideration liabilities. Our estimates are made based upon historical factors, current and future circumstances and market conditions, and the experience and judgment of management. Assumptions and estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis, and we may employ outside experts to assist in the valuation process of our intangible assets and goodwill.

Allowances for doubtful accounts. A vast majority of our customers’ receivable balances are protected under our factoring and collection agency agreements with Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (“Rosenthal”) and CIT Group/Commercial Services, Inc. (“CIT”), described in Note 17 – Factoring Agreements to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. Under this agreement, Rosenthal assumes the credit risk resulting from a customer’s financial inability to make payment of credit-approved receivables. We also use risk insurance, letters of credit, and put agreements to mitigate credit risk for a significant portion of the receivables not covered under our Rosenthal agreement. The balance of receivables not covered under our Rosenthal agreement is reduced by an allowance for amounts that may be uncollectible in the future.

The estimated allowance for doubtful accounts is based on an analysis of the aging of accounts receivable, assessments of collectability based on historical trends, the financial condition of our customers, and an evaluation of economic conditions. Differences in management’s estimation of the above factors could impact our results of operations and financial position. The balances of allowances for doubtful accounts are generally correlated with our revenues from wholesale customers whose receivables are not covered under our Rosenthal agreement, and actual losses have historically been within our expectations and in line with the allowances we have established. The balances and activity in the allowances for doubtful accounts are presented in Note 20 – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. A hypothetical 5% increase in our allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2024 would have increased our 2024 operating expenses by approximately $200.

Markdowns, chargebacks, co-op advertising, and customer returns. As described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K, we provide variable consideration to our wholesale customers to maximize sales of our product on the retail floor, in the form of markdowns and chargeback allowances, co-op advertising allowances, and return reserves related to the current period sales.

a.Markdowns and chargeback allowances. We evaluate anticipated customer markdowns and chargeback allowances by reviewing several performance indicators for our major customers. These performance indicators, which include inventory levels on the retail floors, sell through rates to the end consumer, and gross margin levels, are analyzed by management to estimate the amount of customer allowances. We also discuss product performance with our retail partners on an ongoing basis to gather more intelligence to inform our estimation process. Differences in management’s estimation of the above factors from period to period could impact our results of operations and financial position. The levels of markdown and chargeback allowances are generally correlated with our revenues to wholesale customers. A hypothetical 5% increase in the reserve balance for markdowns and chargeback allowances as of December 31, 2024 would have decreased our 2024 revenue by approximately $1,700.

b.Co-op advertising allowances. Under our co-op advertising programs, we agree to reimburse the retailer for a portion of the costs incurred by the retailer to advertise and promote some of our products. We estimate the costs of co-op advertising programs based on the terms of the agreements with our customers. Differences in management’s estimation of the co-op advertising activity at our customers and the resulting amount of the reserve for these allowances from period to period could impact our results of operations and financial position. The level of co-op advertising support is generally correlated with our revenues to wholesale customers. A hypothetical 5% increase in the reserve balance for co-op advertising allowances as of December 31, 2024 would have an immaterial impact on our 2024 revenue.

c.Return reserve. Our Direct-to-Consumer segment accepts unworn returns within 30 days from the date of a sale, or 30 days from the date of delivery for online orders. We estimate a return reserve in the Direct-to-Consumer segment by establishing a return rate using historical returns data. The rate is then applied to eligible revenues recorded in the current period to calculate the reserve. We do not accept returns as a normal business practice in our wholesale segments, except for our Blondo® and Dolce Vita® product lines. We estimate such returns based on historical experience and current market conditions. The level of returns is generally correlated with our revenues. A hypothetical 5% increase in the return reserve as of December 31, 2024 would have an immaterial impact on our 2024 revenue.

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The balances and activity in the markdown, chargeback, co-op advertising allowances, and return reserves are included in Note 20 – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Inventory valuation. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. We review inventory on a regular basis for excess and slow-moving inventory. The review is based on an analysis of the age and styles of inventory on hand, historical sales of the same or similar products, and expected net realizable value through future sales. The analysis includes a review of inventory quantities on hand at period-end in relation to year-to-date sales and projections for sales in the foreseeable future as well as subsequent sales and discussions with both traditional and off-price retailers. We consider quantities on hand in excess of estimated future sales to be at risk for market impairment. The estimated net realizable value is determined based on the estimate of selling prices of inventory through off-price and discount store channels, department stores, and our own direct-to-consumer channel. The likelihood of any material inventory write-down is dependent primarily on the expectation of future consumer demand for our products, which is influenced by consumer trends, economic and market conditions, and weather patterns for seasonal good. A misinterpretation or misunderstanding of future consumer demand for our products due to these or any other factors could result in inventory valuation changes compared to the valuation determined to be appropriate as of the balance sheet date.

In general, our inventory obsolescence estimates have historically been within our expectations and in line with the reserves established, and although possible, significant variation is not expected in the future. A hypothetical 5% increase to inventory reserves as of December 31, 2024 would have decreased our 2024 gross profit by approximately $500.

Valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets. We estimate and record the fair value of purchased intangible assets at the time of their acquisition. The fair values of these intangible assets are estimated based on independent third-party appraisals that are reviewed and approved by us. Goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite useful lives are not amortized. These assets are tested for impairment at least annually, on the first day of the third quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment if indicators are present.

Our annual impairment assessment of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets is generally performed using a qualitative approach to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. Performance of the qualitative impairment assessment requires judgment in identifying and considering the significance of relevant events and circumstances including external factors, such as macroeconomic and industry conditions, and the legal and regulatory environment, as well as entity-specific factors, such as actual and planned financial performance, that could impact the fair value of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The results of our most recent quantitative tests are also considered in performing the qualitative assessment.

If the results of the annual qualitative assessment conclude that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying value, or if interim indicators of impairment are identified, a quantitative impairment test is performed.

A quantitative impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit or intangible asset with its carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for an amount equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value. For goodwill, the impairment loss is limited to the amount of the respective reporting unit’s allocated goodwill. Determination of the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is subjective in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions including consideration of external factors, such as macroeconomic and industry conditions, and the legal and regulatory environment, as well as entity-specific factors such as actual and planned financial performance. These estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on whether an impairment charge is recognized and the amount of any such charge. Estimates of fair value are primarily determined using discounted cash flows, market comparisons, and recent transactions. These approaches use significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, and determination of appropriate market comparisons. It is possible that our conclusions regarding impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets could change in future periods if, for example, our businesses do not perform as projected or overall economic conditions in future periods vary from current assumptions.

Our annual impairment tests were last performed as of July 1, 2024, using a qualitative impairment test as described above, the results of which concluded that the fair values of its reporting units exceeded their carrying values and the fair values of its indefinite-lived intangibles exceeded their respective carrying values. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the fair values of our reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 would not have resulted in any material impairment charges. No goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges were recorded as a result of our annual impairment tests during any of the years presented in this Form 10-K.

In the first quarter of 2024, circumstances occurred that caused a change in the estimated useful life of the GREATS® trademark from an indefinite life to an estimated useful life of 10 years, and as a result, the Company performed an impairment test. The estimated fair value of this trademark was determined using an excess earnings method, incorporating the use of projected financial information and a discount rate of 14.0% which was developed using market participant-based assumptions. Changes in these significant unobservable inputs might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. As a result of this assessment, the GREATS® trademark was written down from the carrying value of $6,150 to its fair value of $4,450, resulting in a pre-tax non-cash impairment charge of $1,700. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2024, the Company completed the sale of its GREATS business. As part of the divestiture, the remaining carrying amounts of the net

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intangible assets of GREATS, which included a trademark of $4,287 and customer relationships of $861, were written off. This was recorded within operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Additionally, during the third quarter of 2024, the Company decided to discontinue the use of its Almost Famous brand and transition its marketing and sales efforts under the Madden Girl brand. As a result of this decision, the Company reassessed the carrying amount of its Almost Famous trademark for impairment in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Based on this assessment, the Company determined that the estimated future cash flows related to the Almost Famous trademark was less than its carrying value, and therefore, the asset was impaired. As such, the Company recognized an impairment charge of $8,635, representing the remaining carrying amount of the asset, which was recorded within Impairment of intangibles in our Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2024. Prior to writing off the Almost Famous trademark, it was recorded within our Wholesale Apparel/Accessories segment.

See Note 7 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for further details.

Contingent consideration liabilities. We have completed acquisitions that may require us to make contingent consideration payments to the sellers based on the future financial performance of the acquired businesses over a period from one to five years. The fair values of the contingent consideration liabilities are estimated using the present values of management's projections of the financial results of the acquired businesses. Failure to correctly project the financial results of the acquired businesses could materially impact our results of operations and financial position. See Note 4 – Acquisitions, Purchases and Sales of Joint Ventures, and Divestitures and Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for further details.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

($ in thousands, except for retail store count, earnings per share, and per share data)

Steven Madden, Ltd. and its subsidiaries design, source, and market fashion-forward branded and private label footwear, accessories, and apparel. We distribute our products in the wholesale channel through department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, shoe chains, online retailers, national chains, specialty retailers, independent stores, and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, and other international markets through our joint ventures in Israel, South Africa, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, and the Middle East along with special distribution arrangements in certain European countries, North Africa, South and Central America, Australia, and various countries in Asia. In addition, our products are distributed through our direct-to-consumer channel within the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, and our joint ventures in Israel, South Africa, China, Taiwan, and the Middle East.

Our product lines include a broad range of contemporary styles designed to establish or capitalize on market trends, complemented by core product offerings. We have established a reputation for design creativity and our ability to offer quality, trend-right products at accessible price points, delivered in an efficient manner and time frame.

We manage our operations through our operating divisions, which are presented as the following reportable segments: Wholesale Footwear, Wholesale Accessories/Apparel, Direct-to-Consumer, and Licensing. As of January 2023, the Company no longer serves as a buying agent for any of its customers, and as a result no longer reports under the First Cost segment. This change is not considered to have a material or meaningful impact on the Company's operations. Our Wholesale Footwear segment designs, sources, and markets our brands and sells our products to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, shoe chains, online retailers, national chains, specialty retailers, independent stores, and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, and through our joint ventures and international distributor network. Our Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment designs, sources, and markets our brands and sells our products to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, online retailers, specialty retailers, independent stores, and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe and through our joint ventures and international distributor network. Our Direct-to-Consumer segment consists of Steve Madden® and Dolce Vita® full-price retail stores, Steve Madden® outlet stores, Steve Madden® concessions in international markets, and our directly-operated digital e-commerce websites. We operate retail locations in regional malls and shopping centers, as well as high streets in major cities across the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, Israel, South Africa, Taiwan, China, and the Middle East. Our Licensing segment is engaged in the licensing of the Steve Madden® and Betsey Johnson® trademarks for use in the sale of select apparel, accessory, and home categories as well as various other non-core products. Corporate does not constitute a reportable segment and includes costs not directly attributable to the segments. These costs are primarily related to expenses associated with corporate executives, corporate finance, corporate social responsibility, legal, human resources, information technology, cyber security, and other shared services.

Dividends

Our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock which was paid on March 24, 2023, June 23, 2023, September 25, 2023, and December 29, 2023. The aggregate cash dividends paid for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $63,177.

On February 27, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share is payable on March 22, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 8, 2024.

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Executive Summary

Recent Developments

Acquisitions

On October 20, 2023, we acquired substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of Turn On Products Inc. ("Almost Famous"), for cash consideration of $73,228 and a future payment contingent on the Almost Famous brand achieving certain earnings before interest and tax ("EBIT") targets. In connection therewith, we recorded a short-term liability of $3,325 and a long-term liability of $9,975 as of the date of acquisition to reflect the estimated fair value of the contingent purchase price. The fair value of the contingent payments liability was estimated on the date of acquisition using the Monte Carlo simulation model, which included significant unobservable Level 3 inputs, such as projected EBIT over the earn-out period and a discount rate of 20.3%. Changes in these significant unobservable inputs might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. The maximum consideration which can be paid over the consideration period of four years is $68,000 and there are no minimum payments required. The liability will be remeasured at each reporting period with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The amount of future payments will be determined by Almost Famous's future performance with no minimum future payment. After the effect of closing adjustments, the total purchase price of the acquisition was $86,528. The acquisition was funded by cash on hand. Almost Famous is a designer and marketer of women’s junior apparel. Almost Famous distributes its products to wholesale customers, including mass merchants, department stores, off-price retailers, and chain stores within the United States. Almost Famous markets products under its own brands, primarily Almost Famous, as well as private label brands for various retailers. For additional information on this acquisition, refer to Note D – Acquisitions & Sale of Minority Noncontrolling Interest in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

Key Highlights

Total revenue for 2023 decreased by 6.6% to $1,981,582 from $2,122,009 in 2022. Net income attributable to Steven Madden, Ltd. was $171,554 in 2023 compared to $216,061 in 2022. Our effective tax rate for 2023 decreased to 21.1% compared to 23.1% in 2022. Diluted earnings per share in 2023 was $2.30 per share on 74,565 diluted weighted average shares outstanding compared to diluted income of $2.77 per share on 78,069 diluted weighted average shares outstanding in the prior year.

As of December 31, 2023, we had 255 brick-and-mortar retail stores and five e-commerce websites in operation, compared to 232 brick-and-mortar retail stores and six e-commerce websites as of December 31, 2022. This increase resulted from the opening of 38 brick-and-mortar stores, most in international markets, offset by the closure of 15 brick-and-mortar stores and one e-commerce site. The Company also operated 25 concessions in international markets.

Our inventory turnover (calculated on a trailing four quarter average) for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was 5.6 times and 4.9 times, respectively. Our total Company accounts receivable average collection days were 71 days in 2023 compared to 72 days in 2022. As of December 31, 2023, we had $219,813 in cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, no debt, and total stockholders’ equity of $848,032. Working capital decreased to $477,208 as of December 31, 2023, compared to $522,649 on December 31, 2022.

As we look ahead, we remain focused on delivering trend-right product, deepening connections with our consumers, growing our international business, expanding our non-footwear categories, enhancing our digital commerce business, strengthening our core U.S. wholesale business, and efficiently managing our inventory and expenses, while continuing to make meaningful progress on our corporate social responsibility initiatives.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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The following section discusses our results of operations for 2023 and 2022 and year-to-year comparisons between those periods. Discussions of 2021 and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and can be found within Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

Year Ended December 31, 2023 vs. Year Ended December 31, 2022

Consolidated:

Total revenue in the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased 6.6% to $1,981,582 compared to $2,122,009 in 2022, with decreases in the Wholesale Footwear and Direct-to-Consumer segments, partially offset by increases in the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel and Licensing segments. Gross profit was $832,414, or 42.0% of total revenue, as compared to $873,836, or 41.2% of total revenue, in the prior year. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of total revenue was primarily driven by an improvement in gross margin in the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment, partially offset by lower gross margin in the Wholesale Footwear and Direct-to-Consumer segments. Gross profit in 2023 included a charge of $2,023, related to the fair value step-up of inventory in connection with the acquisition of Almost Famous. Operating expenses in 2023 were $612,672, or 30.9%, of total revenue, as compared to $592,192, or 27.9% of total revenue, in the prior year. Operating expenses in 2023 included severance and a certain office restructuring costs of $3,803 and acquisition costs of $2,443 primarily related to the acquisition of Almost Famous and international joint-ventures. Operating expenses in 2022 included the accelerated amortization of a trademark of $7,050 and a benefit from the change in valuation of a contingent consideration of $5,807. The 2023 financial results also included a pre-tax charge of $6,520 for an impairment of a trademark. In the year ended December 31, 2023, income from operations decreased to $213,222, or 10.8% of total revenue, as compared to $281,644, or 13.3% of total revenue, in the prior year. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 was 21.1% compared to 23.1% last year. The primary changes between the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are due to a higher tax benefit related to equity-based awards and jurisdictional mix. Net income attributable to Steven Madden, Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $171,554 compared to $216,061 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Wholesale Footwear Segment:

Revenue from the Wholesale Footwear segment in the year ended December 31, 2023 accounted for $1,048,448, or 52.9% of total revenue, as compared to $1,194,890, or 56.3% of total revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2022. The 12.3% decrease in revenue in the current year is primarily the result of a moderation in wholesale customers' order patterns in a challenging retail environment, impacting both our branded and private label businesses. Gross profit was $370,631, or 35.4% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $431,081, or 36.1% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease of gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to higher promotional activity partially offset by lower freight expenses. Operating expenses in the year ended December 31, 2023 were $165,681, or 15.8%, of Wholesale Footwear revenue, as compared to $166,123, or 13.9% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in operating expenses as a percentage of Wholesale Footwear revenue was primarily due to expense deleverage on a lower revenue base. Operating expenses in 2023 included severance and a certain office restructuring costs of $1,546 and acquisition costs of $929 related to newly formed international joint ventures. Income from operations decreased to $204,950, or 19.5% of Wholesale Footwear revenue in 2023 as compared to $264,958, or 22.2% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in 2022.

Wholesale Accessories/Apparel Segment:

Revenue from the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment in the year ended December 31, 2023 accounted for $416,532, or 21.0% of total revenue, as compared to $394,676, or 18.6% of total revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2022. The 5.5% increase in revenue resulted primarily from the performance of our branded handbag business and the additional apparel revenue related to the acquisition of Almost Famous, partially offset by a reduction in our private label business. Gross profit was $135,168, or 32.5% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to $100,085, or 25.4% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to lower freight costs, improved production costs, and lower markdown allowances. Operating expenses in the year ended December 31, 2023 were $73,740, or 17.7%, of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, as compared to $70,310, or 17.8%, of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2022. Operating expenses in 2023 included acquisition costs of $1,505 related to the acquisition of Almost Famous. Operating expenses in 2022 included the accelerated amortization of a trademark of $7,050 and a benefit from the change in valuation of a contingent consideration of $5,807. Income from operations for the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment in 2023 was $61,428, or 14.7% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, as compared to $29,775, or 7.5% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in 2022.

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Direct-to-Consumer Segment:

In the year ended December 31, 2023, revenue from the Direct-to-Consumer segment accounted for $506,494, or 25.6% of total revenue, as compared to $521,729, or 24.6% of total revenue, in the twelve months of 2022. The 2.9% decrease in revenue was primarily driven by a decline in our e-commerce business and brick-and-mortar comparable store sales, partially offset by the addition of the Middle East joint-venture and the expansion of our footprint in international markets. We opened 38 brick-and-mortar stores and closed 15 brick-and-mortar stores and one e-commerce site during the year ended December 31, 2023 and ended the year with 255 brick-and-mortar stores and five e-commerce sites compared to 232 brick-and-mortar stores and six e-commerce sites as of December 31, 2022. In addition, we operated 25 concessions in international markets as of December 31, 2023 compared to 20 concessions in international markets as of December 31, 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023, gross profit was $316,507, or 62.5% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, compared to $331,956, or 63.6% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, in the twelve months of 2022. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to higher promotional activity, partially offset by lower freight costs. Operating expenses for the twelve months of 2023 were $279,827, or 55.2% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, as compared to $264,307, or 50.7% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, for the twelve months of 2022. The increase in operating expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily attributable to expense deleverage on a lower revenue base. The 2023 financial results also included a pre-tax charge of $6,520 for an impairment of a trademark. In 2023, income from operations for the Direct-to-Consumer segment was $30,160, or 6.0% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue as compared to $67,649, or 13.0% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, in 2022.

First Cost Segment:

As of January 2023, the Company no longer serves as a buying agent for any of its customers, and as a result no longer reports under the First Cost segment. This change is not considered to have a material or meaningful impact on the Company's operations. In 2022, commission income generated by the First Cost segment accounted for $916, operating expenses were $150, and income from operations was $766.

Licensing Segment:

Royalty income generated by the Licensing segment accounted for $10,108, or 0.5% of total revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $9,798, or 0.5% of total revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2022. Operating expenses decreased to $1,681 in the current year compared to $1,944 last year. Income from the Licensing segment was $8,427 for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $7,854 in the prior year.

Corporate:

Corporate does not constitute a reportable segment and includes costs not directly attributable to the segments. These costs are primarily related to expenses associated with corporate executives, corporate finance, corporate social responsibility, legal, human resources, information technology, cyber security, and other shared services. Corporate operating expenses amounted to $91,743 during the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $89,358 in the prior year.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaled $219,813 and $289,798 at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Of the total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments as of December 31, 2023, $134,745, or approximately 61%, was held in our foreign subsidiaries, and of the total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments on December 31, 2022, $133,729, or approximately 46%, was held in our foreign subsidiaries.

On July 22, 2020, we entered into a $150,000, five-year, asset-based revolving credit facility with various lenders and Citizens Bank, N.A (the “Credit Agreement”). On March 25, 2022, we entered into the Credit Agreement, which replaced the London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) with the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) as the interest rate benchmark, among other changes. On April 3, 2023, we entered into a second amendment to the Credit Agreement, which reflects CIT Group/Commercial Services, Inc. (“CIT”) as an additional receivables collection agent for us and certain guarantors. Further, on October 23, 2023, we entered into a third amendment to the Credit Agreement in order to accommodate certain changes made to our existing factoring arrangement with CIT.

As of December 31, 2023, we had working capital of $477,208, cash and cash equivalents of $204,640, short-term investments of $15,173, no cash borrowing, and $504 in letters of credit outstanding unrelated to the Credit Agreement.

We believe that based on our current financial position and available cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments, we will meet all our financial commitments and operating needs for at least the next twelve months. In addition, our $150,000 asset-based revolving credit facility provides us with additional liquidity and flexibility on a long-term basis.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operations was $229,237 in 2023 compared to $267,883 in the same period of the prior year. The decrease in cash provided by operations was primarily driven by unfavorable changes in receivables and net income offset by less cash used in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $99,892 for the year ended December 31, 2023, which consisted of $75,271 for the acquisition of Almost Famous and purchases of $25,688 in short-term investments offset by cash received of $25,872 from the maturities and sales of short-term investments. We also made capital expenditures of $19,470, principally for leasehold improvements, new stores, and systems enhancements. We also had investments of $5,339 related to other investing activities.

Financing Activities

During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $200,936, which primarily consisted of share repurchases and net settlements of stock awards of $142,348, cash dividends paid of $63,177, partially offset by an investment of a noncontrolling interest of $4,486.

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Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:

(1) Refer to Note M – Leases to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

(2) Refer to Note O – Commitments, Contingencies, and Other to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Substantially all our products are produced by independent manufacturers at overseas locations, the majority of which are located in China, with a growing percentage located in Cambodia, Mexico, Vietnam, India, Italy, Brazil, and some European nations. We have not entered into any long-term manufacturing or supply contracts with any of these foreign manufacturers. We believe that a sufficient number of alternative sources exist outside of the United States for the manufacture of our products. Purchases are made primarily in United States dollars.

As of the date of this report, we have employment agreements with our Founder and Creative and Design Chief, Steven Madden, and certain executive officers, which provide for the payment of compensation aggregating to approximately $10,686 in 2024, $10,368 in 2025 and $9,396 in 2026, $8,589 in 2027, $8,549 in 2028, $7,942 in 2029, and $7,746 in each of the years 2030 and 2031.

In addition, some of these employment agreements provide for discretionary bonuses and some provide for incentive compensation based on various performance criteria as well as other benefits, including stock-related compensation.

Transition tax of $4,884 was the result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act"). Excluded from the contractual obligations table above are long-term taxes payable of $238 as of December 31, 2023 primarily related to uncertain tax positions, for which we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years beyond one year due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes. For further information, refer to Note N – Income Taxes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Dividends

In February 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on March 24, 2023, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 10, 2023. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2023 of $16,039.

In May 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on June 23, 2023, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 12, 2023. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended June 30, 2023 of $15,856.

In August 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on September 25, 2023, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 15, 2023. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended September 30, 2023 of $15,698.

In November 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on December 29, 2023, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 15, 2023. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended December 31, 2023 of $15,584.

On February 27, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend. The quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share is payable on March 22, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 8, 2024.

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Future quarterly cash dividend payments are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and contingent upon future earnings, our financial condition, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors. Therefore, we can give no assurance that dividends will be paid to holders of our common stock in the future.

Inflation

Actual results could be negatively and materially impacted due to risks and uncertainties, including the impacts of inflationary pressures globally and the war in Ukraine, the war in the Middle East, and the related broader macroeconomic implications. Consumer spending has been and may continue to be negatively impacted by inflationary pressures, and other macroeconomic and geopolitical factors. All these factors have negatively impacted, and might continue to negatively impact, our direct sales to end consumers and our sales to our wholesale customers. Historically, we have minimized the impact of product, wages, and logistic cost increases by raising prices, renegotiating costs, changing suppliers, and improving operating efficiencies. However, no assurance can be given that we will be able to offset such inflationary cost increases in the future.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND THE USE OF ESTIMATES

Management believes the following critical accounting estimates are the most significantly affected by judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements: allowances for doubtful accounts; markdowns and chargeback allowances, co-op advertising allowances, customer returns; inventory valuation; and valuation of intangible assets and goodwill. Our estimates are made based upon historical factors, current and future circumstances and market conditions, and the experience and judgment of management. Assumptions and estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis, and we may employ outside experts to assist in the valuation process of our intangible assets and goodwill.

Allowances for doubtful accounts. A vast majority of our customers’ receivable balances are protected under our factoring and collection agency agreements with Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (“Rosenthal”) and CIT Group/Commercial Services, Inc. (“CIT”), described in Note Q – Factoring Agreements to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. Under this agreement, Rosenthal assumes the credit risk resulting from a customer’s financial inability to make payment of credit-approved receivables. We also use risk insurance, letters of credit, and put agreements to mitigate credit risk for a significant portion of the receivables not covered under our Rosenthal agreement. The balance of receivables not covered under our Rosenthal agreement is reduced by an allowance for amounts that may be uncollectible in the future.

The estimated allowance for doubtful accounts is based on an analysis of the aging of accounts receivable, assessments of collectability based on historical trends, the financial condition of our customers, and an evaluation of economic conditions. Differences in management’s estimation of the above factors could impact our results of operations and financial position. The balances of allowances for doubtful accounts are generally correlated with our revenues from wholesale customers whose receivables are not covered under our Rosenthal agreement, and actual losses have historically been within our expectations and in line with the allowances we have established. The balances and activity in the allowances for doubtful accounts are presented in Note T – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. A hypothetical 5% increase in our allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2023 would have increased our 2023 operating expenses by approximately $200.

Markdowns, chargebacks, co-op advertising, and customer returns. As described in Note B – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K, we provide variable consideration to our wholesale customers to maximize sales of our product on the retail floor, in the form of markdowns and chargeback allowances, co-op advertising allowances, and return reserves related to the current period sales.

a.Markdowns and chargeback allowances. We evaluate anticipated customer markdowns and chargeback allowances by reviewing several performance indicators for our major customers. These performance indicators, which include inventory levels on the retail floors, sell through rates to the end consumer, and gross margin levels, are analyzed by management to estimate the amount of customer allowances. We also discuss product performance with our retail partners on an ongoing basis to gather more intelligence to inform our estimation process. Differences in management’s estimation of the above factors from period to period could impact our results of operations and financial position. The levels of markdown and chargeback allowances are generally correlated with our revenues to wholesale customers. A hypothetical 5% increase in the reserve balance for markdowns and chargeback allowances as of December 31, 2023 would have decreased our 2023 revenue by approximately $1,500.

b.Co-op advertising allowances. Under our co-op advertising programs, we agree to reimburse the retailer for a portion of the costs incurred by the retailer to advertise and promote some of our products. We estimate the costs of co-op advertising programs based on the terms of the agreements with our customers. Differences in management’s estimation of the co-op advertising activity at our customers and the resulting amount of the reserve for these allowances from period to period could impact our results of operations and financial position. The level of co-op advertising support is generally correlated with our revenues to wholesale customers. A hypothetical 5% increase in the reserve balance for co-op advertising allowances as of December 31, 2023 would have an immaterial impact on our 2023 revenue.

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c.Return reserve. Our Direct-to-Consumer segment accepts unworn returns within 30 days from the date of a sale, or 30 days from the date of delivery for online orders. We estimate a return reserve in the Direct-to-Consumer segment by establishing a return rate using historical returns data. The rate is then applied to eligible revenues recorded in the current period to calculate the reserve. We do not accept returns as a normal business practice in our wholesale segments, except for our Blondo® and Dolce Vita® product lines. We estimate such returns based on historical experience and current market conditions. The level of returns is generally correlated with our revenues. A hypothetical 5% increase in the return reserve as of December 31, 2023 would have decreased our 2023 revenue by approximately $200.

The balances and activity in the markdown, chargeback, and co-op advertising allowances are included in Note T – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K.

Inventory valuation. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. We review inventory on a regular basis for excess and slow-moving inventory. The review is based on an analysis of the age and styles of inventory on hand, historical sales of the same or similar products, and expected net realizable value through future sales. The analysis includes a review of inventory quantities on hand at period-end in relation to year-to-date sales and projections for sales in the foreseeable future as well as subsequent sales and discussions with both traditional and off-price retailers. We consider quantities on hand in excess of estimated future sales to be at risk for market impairment. The estimated net realizable value is determined based on the estimate of selling prices of inventory through off-price and discount store channels, department stores, and our own direct-to-consumer channel. The likelihood of any material inventory write-down is dependent primarily on the expectation of future consumer demand for our products, which is influenced by consumer trends, economic and market conditions, weather patterns for seasonal goods, and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. A misinterpretation or misunderstanding of future consumer demand for our products due to these or any other factors could result in inventory valuation changes compared to the valuation determined to be appropriate as of the balance sheet date.

In general, our inventory obsolescence estimates have historically been within our expectations and in line with the reserves established, and although possible, significant variation is not expected in the future. A hypothetical 5% increase to inventory reserves at December 31, 2023 would have decreased our 2023 gross profit by approximately $400.

Valuation of intangible assets and goodwill. We estimate and record the fair value of purchased intangible assets at the time of their acquisition. The fair values of these intangible assets are estimated based on independent third-party appraisals that are reviewed and approved by us. Goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite useful lives are not amortized. These assets are tested for impairment at least annually on the first day of the third quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment if indicators are present.

Our annual impairment assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets is generally performed using a qualitative approach to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. Performance of the qualitative impairment assessment requires judgment in identifying and considering the significance of relevant events and circumstances including external factors, such as macroeconomic and industry conditions, and the legal and regulatory environment, as well as entity-specific factors, such as actual and planned financial performance, that could impact the fair value of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The results of our most recent quantitative tests are also considered in performing the qualitative assessment.

If the results of the annual qualitative assessment conclude that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying value, or if interim indicators of impairment are identified, a quantitative impairment test is performed.

A quantitative impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit or intangible asset with its carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for an amount equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value. For goodwill, the impairment loss is limited to the amount of the respective reporting unit’s allocated goodwill. Determination of the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is subjective in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions including consideration of external factors, such as macroeconomic and industry conditions, and the legal and regulatory environment, as well as entity-specific factors such as actual and planned financial performance. These estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on whether an impairment charge is recognized and the amount of any such charge. Estimates of fair value are primarily determined using discounted cash flows, market comparisons, and recent transactions. These approaches use significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, and determination of appropriate market comparisons. It is possible that our conclusions regarding impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets could change in future periods if, for example, our businesses do not perform as projected or overall economic conditions in future periods vary from current assumptions.

Our annual impairment tests were last performed as of July 1, 2023 using a quantitative impairment test as described above, the results of which indicated that the fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets significantly exceeded their carrying values. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the fair values of our reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2023 would not have resulted in any material impairment charges. No goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges were recorded as a result of our annual impairment tests during any of the years presented in this Form 10-K.

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During the fourth quarter of 2023, certain events occurred which led the Company to conclude that impairment indicators existed and the Company performed a valuation of the GREATS® trademark. The estimated fair value of this trademark was determined using an excess earnings method, incorporating the use of projected financial information, and a discount rate which are developed using market participant based assumptions. As a result of this assessment, the GREATS® trademark was written down from the carrying value of $12,670 to its fair value of $6,150, resulting in a pre-tax non-cash impairment charge of $6,520. This charge was recorded in impairment of intangibles in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and recognized in the Direct-to-Consumer segment.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, certain decisions were made by the Company that resulted in the change in the useful life of the BB Dakota trademark from an indefinite to a finite life. As a result, the BB Dakota trademark was assessed for impairment. The estimated fair value of this trademark was determined using an excess earnings method, incorporating the use of projected financial information, and a discount rate, which was developed using market participant-based assumptions. As a result of this assessment, the BB Dakota trademark was written down from the carrying value of $9,670 to its fair value of $7,050, resulting in a pre-tax, non-cash impairment charge of $2,620. This charge was recorded in impairment of intangibles in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income and recognized in the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment. The fair value of $7,050 was amortized over its remaining useful life of one year and was fully amortized at the end of 2022.

See Note G – Goodwill and Intangible Assets to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for further detail and impairment charges.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

($ in thousands, except for retail sales data per square foot, earnings per share and per share data)

Steven Madden, Ltd. and its subsidiaries design, source, and market fashion-forward branded and private label footwear, accessories and apparel for women, men, and children. We distribute our products in the wholesale channel through department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, shoe chains, online retailers, national chains, specialty retailers, independent stores, and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, and other international markets through our joint ventures in Israel, South Africa, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, and the Middle East along with special distribution arrangements in certain European countries, North Africa, South and Central America, Australia, and various countries in Asia. In addition, our products are distributed through our direct-to-consumer channel within the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, and our joint ventures in Israel, South Africa, China, Taiwan, and the Middle East.

Our product lines include a broad range of contemporary styles designed to establish or capitalize on market trends, complemented by core product offerings. We have established a reputation for design creativity and our ability to offer quality, trend-right products at accessible price points, delivered in an efficient manner and time frame.

Our business comprises five distinct segments: Wholesale Footwear, Wholesale Accessories/Apparel, Direct-to-Consumer, First Cost, and Licensing. Our Wholesale Footwear segment designs, sources, and markets our brands and sells our products to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, shoe chains, online retailers, national chains, specialty retailers, independent stores, and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe, and through our joint ventures and international distributor network. Our Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment designs, sources, and markets our brands and sells our products to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, online retailers, specialty retailers, independent stores and clubs throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Europe and through our joint ventures and international distributor network. Our Direct-to-Consumer segment, which was referred to as the Retail segment in previous filings, consists of Steve Madden® and Dolce Vita® full-price retail stores, Steve Madden® outlet stores, and our directly-operated digital e-commerce websites. Our retail stores are located in regional malls and shopping centers, as well as high streets in major cities across the United States, Canada, Mexico, Israel, South Africa, Taiwan, China, and the Middle East. Our First Cost segment represents commission based activities where the Company serves as a buying agent for footwear products under private labels for select national chains, and value-priced retailers. Our Licensing segment is engaged in the licensing of the Steve Madden® and Betsey Johnson® trademarks for use in the sale of select apparel, accessory, and home categories as well as various other non-core products. Corporate does not constitute a reportable segment and includes costs not directly attributable to the segments. These costs are primarily related to expenses associated with corporate executives, corporate finance, legal, human resources, information technology, cyber security, corporate social responsibility, and other shared services.

Dividends

Our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock which was paid on March 25, 2022, June 24, 2022, September 26, 2022 and December 30, 2022. The aggregate cash dividends paid for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $66,005.

On February 22, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share is payable on March 24, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 10, 2023.

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Executive Summary

Recent Developments

During fiscal year 2022, the Company formed a joint venture ("AG SM Holdings Limited") with Apparel FZCO through its subsidiary, Madden Asia Holding Limited. The Company controls all the significant participating rights of the joint venture and is the majority interest holder in AG SM Holdings Limited. AG SM Holdings Limited is the exclusive distributor of the Company’s products in the Middle East. For additional information on these acquisitions, refer to Note D – Acquisitions & Sale of Minority Noncontrolling Interest in the Notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

Key Highlights

Total revenue for 2022 increased by 13.7% to $2,122,009 from $1,866,142 in 2021. Net income attributable to Steven Madden, Ltd. was $216,061 in 2022 compared to $190,678 in 2021. Our effective tax rate for 2022 increased to 23.1% compared to 20.5% in 2021. Diluted earnings per share in 2022 was $2.77 per share on 78,069 diluted weighted average shares outstanding compared to diluted income of $2.34 per share on 81,628 diluted weighted average shares outstanding in the prior year.

As of December 31, 2022, we had 232 brick-and-mortar retail stores and six e-commerce websites in operation, compared to 214 brick-and-mortar retail stores and six e-commerce websites as of December 31, 2021. This increase resulted from the opening of 28 brick-and-mortar stores, including 12 stores that were acquired through our joint venture in the Middle East, partially offset by the closure of 10 brick-and-mortar stores. The Company also operated 20 concessions in international markets.

Our inventory turnover (calculated on a trailing four quarter average) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 4.9 times and 6.4 times, respectively. Our total Company accounts receivable average collection days were 72 days in 2022 compared to 67 days in 2021. As of December 31, 2022, we had $289,798 in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, no debt and total stockholders’ equity of $843,863. Working capital increased to $522,649 as of December 31, 2022, compared to $509,470 on December 31, 2021.

As we look ahead, we remain focused on delivering trend-right product, deepening connections with our consumers, enhancing our digital commerce business, expanding our non-footwear categories, growing our international business and efficiently managing our inventory and expenses while continuing to make meaningful progress on our corporate social responsibility initiatives.

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted consumer spending and global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. Beginning in March 2020, stores have experienced temporary closures, and we implemented precautionary measures in line with guidance from local authorities when stores reopened. The COVID-19 pandemic, and post pandemic recovery, have also significantly impacted our supply chain. In particular, we have experienced disruptions and delays in shipments, increases in shipping costs and increases in the pricing of certain components of our products. The receipt of inventory sourced from impacted areas has been slowed or disrupted and our manufacturers have also faced similar challenges in receiving raw materials and fulfilling our orders.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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The following section discusses our results of operations for 2022 and 2021 and year-to-year comparisons between those periods. Discussions of 2020 and year-to-year comparisons between 2021 and 2020 are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and can be found within Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2022.

Year Ended December 31, 2022 vs. Year Ended December 31, 2021

Consolidated:

Total revenue in the year ended December 31, 2022 increased 13.7% to $2,122,009 compared to $1,866,142 for in 2021, with increases in the Wholesale Footwear, Wholesale Accessories/Apparel, and Direct-to-Consumer segments. Gross profit was $873,836, or 41.2% of total revenue, as compared to $767,497, or 41.1% of total revenue, in the prior year. Operating expenses in 2022 were $592,192, or 27.9%, of total revenue, as compared to $519,848, or 27.9% of total revenue, in the prior year. Operating expenses in 2022 include the accelerated amortization of a trademark of $7,050 and a $5,807 benefit from the change in valuation of a contingent consideration. In 2021, impairment charges of $2,620 and $1,432 were recorded associated with certain intangibles and lease right-of-use assets and fixed assets, respectively. No similar impairment charges were recorded in 2022. In the year ended December 31, 2022, income from operations increased to $281,644, or 13.3% of total revenue, as compared to $243,597, or 13.1% of total revenue, in the prior year. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 23.1% compared to 20.5% last year. The primary changes between the Company’s effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 are due to a lower tax benefit from the exercising and vesting of equity-based awards and an increase in pre-tax income in jurisdictions with higher tax rates. Net income attributable to Steven Madden, Ltd. for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $216,061 compared to $190,678 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Wholesale Footwear Segment:

Revenue from the Wholesale Footwear segment in the year ended December 31, 2022 accounted for $1,194,890, or 56.3% of total revenue, as compared to $1,022,322, or 54.8% of total revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2021. The 16.9% increase in revenue in the current year is primarily the result of an increase in sales of our Steve Madden, Anne Klein and Dolce Vita brands. Gross profit was $431,081, or 36.1% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $345,167, or 33.8% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase of gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to the shift in revenue mix to our higher-margin branded business partially offset by higher freight costs. Operating expenses in the year ended December 31, 2022 were $166,123, or 13.9%, of Wholesale Footwear revenue, as compared to $128,004, or 12.5% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in operating expenses as a percentage of Wholesale Footwear revenue was primarily attributable to higher warehouse expenses, payroll, and advertising expenses. Income from operations increased to $264,958, or 22.2% of Wholesale Footwear revenue in 2022 as compared to $217,163, or 21.2% of Wholesale Footwear revenue, in 2021.

Wholesale Accessories/Apparel Segment:

Revenue from the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment in the year ended December 31, 2022 accounted for $394,676, or 18.6% of total revenue, as compared to $343,675, or 18.4% of total revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2021. The 14.8% increase in revenue resulted from an increase in our branded handbag business as well as our apparel business. Gross profit was $100,085, or 25.4% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $94,675, or 27.5% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease of gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to higher freight costs. Operating expenses in the year ended December 31, 2022 were $70,310, or 17.8%, of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, as compared to $64,776, or 18.8%, of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in operating expenses as a percentage of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue was primarily attributable to greater leverage from higher revenue and benefit from the change in valuation of our contingent consideration, partially offset by the accelerated amortization of a trademark. In 2021, impairment charges of $2,620 and $651 were recorded associated with certain intangibles and lease right-of-use assets and fixed assets, respectively. No similar impairment charges were recorded in 2022. Income from operations for the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment in 2022 was $29,775, or 7.5% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, as compared to $26,628, or 7.7% of Wholesale Accessories/Apparel revenue, in 2021.

Direct-to-Consumer Segment:

In the year ended December 31, 2022, revenue from the Direct-to-Consumer segment accounted for $521,729, or 24.6% of total revenue, as compared to $487,906, or 26.1% of total revenue, in the twelve months of 2021. The 6.9% increase in revenue was driven by increases in both our brick-and-mortar stores and our e-commerce business. We opened 28 brick-and-mortar stores and closed 10 brick-and-mortar stores during the year ended December 31, 2022 and ended the year with 232 brick-and-mortar stores and six e-commerce sites compared to 214 brick-and-mortar stores and six e-commerce sites as of

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December 31, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, gross profit was $331,956, or 63.6% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, compared to $315,416, or 64.6% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, in the twelve months of 2021. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to higher promotional activity, partially offset by a reduction in air freight expense. Operating expenses for the twelve months of 2022 were $264,307, or 50.7% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, as compared to $240,093, or 49.2% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, for the twelve months of 2021. The increase in operating expenses as a percentage of Direct-to-Consumer revenue was primarily due to higher advertising and payroll related expenses. In 2021, impairment charges of $781 were recorded associated with certain fixed assets and lease right-of-use assets. No similar impairment charges were recorded in 2022. In 2022, income from operations for the Direct-to-Consumer segment was $67,649, or 13.0% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue as compared to $74,542, or 15.3% of Direct-to-Consumer revenue, in 2021.

First Cost Segment:

Commission income generated by the First Cost segment accounted for $916 for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $2,346, or 0.1% of total revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2021. Operating expenses decreased to $150 in the current period compared to $375 of last year. Income from operations was $766 for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to income from operations of $1,971 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Licensing Segment:

Royalty income generated by the Licensing segment accounted for $9,798, or 0.5% of total revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $9,893, or 0.5% of total revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2021. Operating expenses increased to $1,944 in the current year compared to $1,785 to last year. Income from the Licensing segment was $7,854 for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $8,108 in the prior year.

Corporate:

Corporate does not constitute a reportable segment and includes costs not directly attributable to the segments. These costs are primarily related to expenses associated with corporate executives, corporate finance, legal, human resources, information technology, cyber security, corporate social responsibility, and other shared services. Corporate operating expenses increased 5.4% to $89,358 during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $84,815 in the prior year.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $289,798 and $263,536 at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Of the total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 31, 2022, $133,729, or approximately 46%, was held in our foreign subsidiaries, and of the total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at December 31, 2021, $156,112, or approximately 59%, was held in our foreign subsidiaries.

On July 22, 2020, we entered into a $150,000, five-year, asset-based revolving credit facility with various lenders and Citizens Bank, N.A. On March 25, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the revolving credit facility, which replaced the London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) with the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) as the interest rate benchmark, among other changes.

As of December 31, 2022, we had working capital of $522,649, cash and cash equivalents of $274,713, and short-term investments of $15,085 and no cash borrowing and $503.9 letters of credit outstanding unrelated to the Credit Agreement.

We believe that based on our current financial position and available cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, we will meet all our financial commitments and operating needs for at least the next twelve months. In addition, our $150,000 asset-based revolving credit facility provides us with additional liquidity and flexibility on a long-term basis.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operations was $267,883 in 2022 compared to $159,463 in the prior year. The improvement in cash provided by operations was primarily driven by favorable changes in receivables, inventories, and an increase in net income, partially offset by unfavorable changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities was $5,517 for the year ended December 31, 2022, which consisted of cash received of $73,998 from the maturities and sales of short-term investments partially offset by purchases of $45,130 in short-term investments. We also made capital expenditures of $16,351, which were mainly for systems enhancements, new store openings and leasehold improvements. We also had investments of $7,000, of which $2,000 consisted of a purchase of a trademark and $5,000 related to other investing activities.

Financing Activities

During the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in financing activities was $215,828, which primarily consisted of share repurchases of $148,878 and cash dividends paid of $66,005.

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Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022 were as follows:

Substantially all our products are produced by independent manufacturers at overseas locations, the majority of which are located in China, with a growing percentage located in Cambodia, Mexico, Brazil and some European nations. We have not entered into any long-term manufacturing or supply contracts with any of these foreign manufacturers. We believe that a sufficient number of alternative sources exist outside of the United States for the manufacture of our products. Purchases are made primarily in United States dollars.

We have employment agreements with our Creative and Design Chief, Steven Madden, and certain executive officers, which provide for the payment of compensation aggregating to approximately $9,675 in 2023, $8,998 in 2024 and $7,851 in 2025. In addition, some of these employment agreements provide for discretionary bonuses and some provide for incentive compensation based on various performance criteria as well as other benefits, including stock-related compensation.

Transition tax of $11,721 was the result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act"). For further information, refer to Note N – Income Taxes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Excluded from the contractual obligations table above are long-term taxes payable of $1,145 as of December 31, 2022 primarily related to uncertain tax positions, for which we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years beyond one year due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes.

Dividends

In February 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on March 25, 2022, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 11, 2022. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2022 of $16,774.

In April 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on June 24, 2022, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 13, 2022. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended June 30, 2022 of $16,615.

In July 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on September 26, 2022, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 16, 2022. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended September 30, 2022 of $16,385.

In November 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.21 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock. The dividend was paid on December 30, 2022, to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 16, 2022. We paid total cash dividends for the three months ended December 31, 2022 of $16,231.

On February 22, 2023, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend. The quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share is payable on March 24, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 10, 2023.

Future quarterly cash dividend payments are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and contingent upon future earnings, our financial condition, capital requirements, general business conditions, and other factors. Therefore, we can give no assurance that dividends will be paid to holders of our common stock in the future.

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Inflation

Inflation and cost pressures including increasing raw material, labor and freight costs have had a significant impact on our profitability in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and elevated prices are expected to continue in 2023. We have minimized the impact of product, wage and freight cost increases by raising prices, renegotiating costs, changing suppliers and improving operating efficiencies. However, no assurance can be given that we will be able to offset any such inflationary cost increases in the future.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND THE USE OF ESTIMATES

Management believes the following critical accounting estimates are the most significantly affected by judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements: allowances for doubtful accounts; markdowns and chargeback allowances, co-op advertising allowances, customer returns; inventory valuation; valuation of intangible assets and goodwill; and impairment of other long-lived assets. Our estimates are made based upon historical factors, current and future circumstances and market conditions, and the experience and judgment of management. Assumptions and estimates are evaluated on an ongoing basis, and we may employ outside experts to assist in the valuation process of our intangible assets, goodwill, and other long-lived assets.

Allowances for doubtful accounts. A vast majority of our customers’ receivable balances are protected under our factoring and collection agency agreement with Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc. (“Rosenthal”), described in Note Q – Factoring Agreement to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K. Under this agreement, Rosenthal assumes the credit risk resulting from a customer’s financial inability to make payment of credit-approved receivables. We also use risk insurance, letters of credit and put agreements to mitigate credit risk for a significant portion of the receivables not covered under our Rosenthal agreement. The balance of receivables not covered under our Rosenthal agreement is reduced by an allowance for amounts that may be uncollectible in the future.

The estimated allowance for doubtful accounts is based on an analysis of the aging of accounts receivable, assessments of collectability based on historical trends, the financial condition of our customers and an evaluation of economic conditions. Differences in management’s estimation of the above factors could impact our results of operations and financial position. The balances of allowances for doubtful accounts are generally correlated with our revenues from wholesale customers whose receivables are not covered under our Rosenthal agreement, and actual losses have historically been within our expectations and in line with the allowances we have established. The balances and activity in the allowances for doubtful accounts are presented in Note T – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K. A hypothetical 5% increase in our allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2022 would have increased our 2022 operating expenses by approximately $400.

Markdowns, chargebacks, co-op advertising, and customer returns. As described in Note B – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K, we provide variable consideration to our wholesale customers to maximize sales of our product on the retail floor, in the form of markdowns and chargeback allowances, co-op advertising allowances, and return reserves related to the current period sales.

a.Markdowns and chargeback allowances. We evaluate anticipated customer markdowns and chargeback allowances by reviewing several performance indicators for our major customers. These performance indicators, which include inventory levels on the retail floors, sell through rates to the end consumer and gross margin levels, are analyzed by management to estimate the amount of customer allowances. We also discuss product performance with our retail partners on an ongoing basis to gather more intelligence to inform our estimation process. Differences in management’s estimation of the above factors from period to period could impact our results of operations and financial position. The levels of markdown and chargeback allowances are generally correlated with our revenues to wholesale customers. A hypothetical 5% increase in the reserve balance for markdowns and chargeback allowances as of December 31, 2022 would have decreased our 2022 revenue by approximately $1,000.

b.Co-op advertising allowances. Under our co-op advertising programs, we agree to reimburse the retailer for a portion of the costs incurred by the retailer to advertise and promote some of our products. We estimate the costs of co-op advertising programs based on the terms of the agreements with our customers. Differences in management’s estimation of the co-op advertising activity at our customers and the resulting amount of the reserve for these allowances from period to period could impact our results of operations and financial position. The level of co-op advertising support is generally correlated with our revenues to wholesale customers. A hypothetical 5% increase in the reserve balance for co-op advertising allowances as of December 31, 2022 would have decreased our 2022 revenue by approximately $300.

c.Return reserve. Our Direct-to-Consumer segment accepts returns within 30 days from the date of a sale. We estimate a return reserve in the Direct-to-Consumer segment by establishing a return rate using historical returns data. The rate is then applied to eligible revenues recorded in the current period to calculate the reserve. We do not accept returns as a normal business practice in our wholesale segments, except for our Blondo, Dolce Vita and BB Dakota product lines. We estimate such returns based on historical experience and current market conditions. In addition, our wholesale segments may, from time to time, accept returns for damaged products from our wholesale customers on which our

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costs are normally charged back to the responsible third-party factory. The level of returns is generally correlated with our revenues to wholesale customers. A hypothetical 5% increase in the return reserve as of December 31, 2022 would have decreased our 2022 revenue by approximately $200.

The balances and activity in the markdown, chargeback and co-op advertising allowances are included in Note T – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K.

Inventory valuation. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out basis. We review inventory on a regular basis for excess and slow-moving inventory. The review is based on an analysis of the age and styles of inventory on hand, historical sales of the same or similar products, and expected net realizable value through future sales. The analysis includes a review of inventory quantities on hand at period-end in relation to year-to-date sales and projections for sales in the foreseeable future as well as subsequent sales and discussions with both traditional and off-price retailers. We consider quantities on hand in excess of estimated future sales to be at risk for market impairment. The estimated net realizable value is determined based on the estimate of selling prices of inventory through off-price and discount store channels, department stores and our own direct-to-consumer channel. The likelihood of any material inventory write-down is dependent primarily on the expectation of future consumer demand for our products, which is influenced by consumer trends, economic and market conditions, weather patterns for seasonal goods and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. A misinterpretation or misunderstanding of future consumer demand for our products due to these or any other factors could result in inventory valuation changes compared to the valuation determined to be appropriate as of the balance sheet date.

In general, our inventory obsolescence estimates have historically been within our expectations and in line with the reserves established, and although possible, significant variation is not expected in the future. A hypothetical 5% increase to inventory reserves at December 31, 2022 would have decreased our 2022 gross profit by approximately $400.

Valuation of intangible assets and goodwill. Goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite useful lives are not amortized. These assets are tested for impairment at least annually on the first day of the third quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment if indicators are present.

Our annual impairment assessment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets is generally performed using a qualitative approach to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. Performance of the qualitative impairment assessment requires judgment in identifying and considering the significance of relevant events and circumstances including external factors, such as macroeconomic and industry conditions (including the COVID-19 pandemic) and the legal and regulatory environment, as well as entity-specific factors, such as actual and planned financial performance, that could impact the fair value of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The results of our most recent quantitative tests are also considered in performing the qualitative assessment.

If the results of the annual qualitative assessment conclude that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying value, or if interim indicators of impairment are identified, a quantitative impairment test is performed.

A quantitative impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit or intangible asset with its carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recorded for an amount equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value. For goodwill, the impairment loss is limited to the amount of the respective reporting unit’s allocated goodwill. Determination of the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is subjective in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions including consideration of external factors, such as macroeconomic and industry conditions (including the COVID-19 pandemic) and the legal and regulatory environment, as well as entity-specific factors such as actual and planned financial performance. These estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on whether an impairment charge is recognized and the amount of any such charge. Estimates of fair value are primarily determined using discounted cash flows, market comparisons and recent transactions. These approaches use significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates, and determination of appropriate market comparisons. It is possible that our conclusions regarding impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets could change in future periods if, for example, our businesses do not perform as projected or overall economic conditions in future periods vary from current assumptions.

Our annual impairment tests were last performed as of July 1, 2022 using a qualitative assessment, the results of which indicated that it is more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets significantly exceeded their carrying values. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the fair values of our reporting units and our indefinite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 would not have resulted in any impairment charges. No goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges were recorded as a result of our annual impairment tests during any of the years presented in this Form 10-K.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, certain decisions were made by the Company that resulted in the change in the useful life of the BB Dakota trademark from an indefinite to a finite life. As a result, the BB Dakota trademark was assessed for impairment. The estimated fair value of this trademark was determined using an excess earnings method, incorporating the use of projected financial information and a discount rate, which was developed using market participant-based assumptions. As a result of this assessment, the BB Dakota trademark was written down from the carrying value of $9,670 to its fair value of

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$7,050, resulting in a pre-tax, non-cash impairment charge of $2,620. This charge was recorded in impairment of intangibles in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income/ (Loss) and recognized in the Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment. The fair value of $7,050 was amortized over its remaining useful life of one year and was fully amortized at the end of 2022.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and decline in the macroeconomic environment, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, the Company’s Cejon, Report, GREATS and Jocelyn trademarks (indefinite-lived intangibles) were written down from an aggregate carrying value of $57,198 to their fair values of $12,925, resulting in a pre-tax non-cash impairment charge of $44,273. These charges were recorded in impairment of intangibles in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income/ (Loss) and recognized in three reporting units: $27,472 related to Wholesale Accessories/Apparel, $16,345 related to Wholesale Footwear and $456 related to the Direct-to-Consumer segments, respectively. The estimated fair values of these trademarks were determined using an excess earnings method, incorporating the use of projected financial information and a discount rate, which was developed using market participant-based assumptions.

See Note G – Goodwill and Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K for further detail and impairment charges.

Impairment of other long-lived assets. We evaluate other long-lived assets, including property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets, for impairment periodically whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate, in management’s judgment, that the carrying value of such assets or asset groups may not be recoverable (as described in Note F – Property and Equipment and Note M – Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K).

In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, we use our best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset or asset group and its eventual disposition, where applicable. Estimates of future cash flows include consideration of macroeconomic trends (including the COVID-19 pandemic) such as consumer spending and entity-specific plans and strategies.

If such estimated future cash flows are less than the asset or asset group’s carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the asset or asset group’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. Individual assets in an asset group are not written down below their individual fair value. Fair value is estimated considering external market participant assumptions and discounted cash flows, including those based on estimated market rents for operating lease right-of-use assets. It is possible that our conclusions regarding impairment of long-lived assets could change in future periods if, for example, future cash flows do not meet expectations because of unforeseen adverse future economic and market conditions that negatively impact consumer behavior or spending patterns or market rents decrease significantly.

During 2022, no impairment indicators were identified on long-lived assets; therefore, no impairment was recorded.

During 2021, we recorded an impairment loss of $1,432 on long-lived assets. The carrying value of long-lived assets that had an indicator of impairment as of December 31, 2021 was less than 5% of the balance of long-lived assets at December 31, 2021. Therefore, changes to assumptions of future cash flows or market rents would not have materially impacted the impairment charge.

In 2020, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s operations and the decline in the retail real estate market, the Company identified indicators of impairment for long-lived assets at certain retail stores. As described in Note G – Goodwill and Intangible Assets and Note M – Leases in this Form 10-K, the Company recorded an aggregate impairment charge of $36,895 related to long-lived assets at such retail stores.

See Note G – Goodwill and Intangible Assets and Note M – Leases in this Form 10-K to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K for further detail and impairment charges.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

($ in thousands, except for retail sales data per square foot, earnings per share and per share data)

Steven Madden, Ltd. and its subsidiaries design, source and market fashion-forward branded and private label footwear, accessories and apparel for women, men and children. We distribute our products through department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, shoe chains, online retailers, national chains, specialty retailers and independent stores throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, South Africa and certain other international markets. In addition, our products are distributed through our retail stores within the United States, Canada, Mexico and South Africa, and our joint ventures in Israel, Taiwan and China, and under special distribution arrangements in certain European countries, the Middle East, South and Central America, and various countries in Asia, in addition to our e-commerce sites. Our product lines include a broad range of contemporary styles designed to establish or capitalize on market trends, complemented by core product offerings. We have established a reputation for design creativity and our ability to offer quality, trend-right products at accessible price points, delivered in an efficient manner and time frame.

Our business comprises five distinct segments: Wholesale Footwear, Wholesale Accessories/Apparel, Direct-to-Consumer, First Cost and Licensing. Our Wholesale Footwear segment designs, sources and markets our brands and sells our products to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, shoe chains, online retailers, national chains, specialty retailers and independent stores throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, South Africa, and through our joint ventures and international distributor network. Our Wholesale Accessories/Apparel segment designs, sources and markets our brands and sells our products to department stores, mass merchants, off-price retailers, online retailers, specialty retailers and independent stores throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe, South Africa, and through our joint ventures and international distributor network. Our Direct-to-Consumer segment, which was referred to as the Retail segment in previous filings, consists of Steve Madden® and Superga® full-price retail stores, Steve Madden® outlet stores, Steve Madden® shop-in-shops and directly-operated digital e-commerce websites. Our retail stores are located in regional malls and shopping centers, as well as high streets in major cities across the United States, Canada, Mexico, South Africa, Israel, Taiwan and China. Our First Cost segment represents activities of one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries that earns commissions for serving as a buying agent for footwear products under private labels for select national chains, specialty retailers and value-priced retailers. Our Licensing segment is engaged in the licensing of the Steve Madden® and Madden Girl® trademarks for use in connection with the manufacturing, marketing and sale of select apparel categories, outerwear, hosiery, jewelry, hair accessories, watches, eyeglasses, sunglasses, umbrellas, bedding, luggage, fragrance and men’s leather accessories. We license the Betsey Johnson® trademark for use in connection with the manufacturing, marketing and sale of women's and children’s apparel, hosiery, swimwear, slippers, fragrance and beauty, sleepwear, activewear, medical scrubs, jewelry, watches, eyeglasses, sunglasses, bedding and bath, luggage, umbrellas and self-care bath and body products. Our Corporate activities do not constitute a reportable segment and include costs that are not directly attributable to the segments. These costs are primarily related to our corporate executives, corporate finance, corporate social responsibility, legal, human resources, information technology, cybersecurity and other shared costs.

Dividends

On February 24, 2021, our Board of Directors approved the reinstatement of a quarterly cash dividend. A quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share on our outstanding shares of common stock was paid on March 26, 2021, June 25, 2021, September 27, 2021 and December 27, 2021. The aggregate cash dividends paid for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was $49,161.

On February 23, 2022, our Board of Directors approved an increase in the quarterly cash dividend of 40%. The quarterly dividend of $0.21 per share is payable on March 25, 2022 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 11, 2022.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications were made to prior years' amounts to conform to the 2021 presentation.

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Executive Summary

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted consumer spending and global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. Our stores have experienced temporary closures, and we have implemented precautionary measures in line with guidance from local authorities in the stores that were open. The COVID-19 pandemic has also significantly impacted our supply chain. In particular, we have experienced disruptions and delays in shipments and increases in the pricing of certain components of our products. The receipt of inventory sourced from areas impacted by COVID-19 has been slowed or disrupted and our manufacturers have also faced similar challenges in receiving raw materials and fulfilling our orders. In addition, there is significant inflationary pressure on ocean and air freight costs as capacity issues and port congestions continue to persist due to the post pandemic demand levels.

Recent Developments

During fiscal year 2021, we acquired the remaining 49.9% non-controlling interest of our European and our South African joint ventures for the total cash consideration of $18,942. In addition, we acquired the rights for Dolce Vita Handbags for a cash consideration of $2,000. For additional information on these acquisitions, refer to Note E – Acquisitions in the Notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.

Key Highlights

Total revenue for 2021 increased by 55.3% to $1,866,142 from $1,201,814 in 2020, with increases in all segments as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prior year results.

Net income attributable to Steven Madden, Ltd. was $190,678 in 2021 compared to net loss attributable to Steven Madden, Ltd. of $(18,397) in 2020. Our effective tax rate for 2021 decreased to 20.5% compared to 39.0% recorded in 2020. Diluted earnings per share in 2021 was $2.34 per share on 81,628 diluted weighted average shares outstanding compared to diluted loss of $(0.23) per share on 78,635 diluted weighted average shares outstanding in the prior year.

As of December 31, 2021, we had 214 brick-and-mortar retail stores and six e-commerce websites in operation, compared to 211 brick-and-mortar retail stores and seven e-commerce websites as of December 31, 2020. This increase resulted from the opening of eight brick-and-mortar stores partially offset by the closure of five brick-and-mortar stores and one e-commerce website. We did not report same store sales or sales per square foot data in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent temporary closures of our brick-and-mortar stores from the second half of March through at least the end of May and subsequent mandated closures globally in the prior year.

Our inventory turnover (calculated on a trailing four quarter average) for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was 6.4 times and 7.1 times, respectively. Our total company accounts receivable average collection days were 67 days in 2021 compared to 73 days in 2020. As of December 31, 2021, we had $263,536 in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, no debt and total stockholders’ equity of $820,538. Working capital increased to $509,470 as of December 31, 2021, compared to $462,325 on December 31, 2020. The increase in working capital was primarily due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the prior year.

As we look ahead, we remain focused on delivering trend-right product, deepening connections with our consumers, enhancing our digital commerce business, expanding our non-footwear categories, growing our international business and efficiently managing our inventory and expenses while continuing to make meaningful progress on our corporate social responsibility initiatives.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS