Enpro Inc. (NPO)

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected our consolidated financial condition and operating results during the periods included in the accompanying audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, included elsewhere in this annual report.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) and releases issued by the SEC. The words “may,” “hope,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” and other expressions which are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our shareholders, and we therefore make forward-looking statements in reliance upon the safe harbor provisions of the Act. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control, and our actual results may differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A of this annual report, entitled “Risk Factors” and in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Whenever you read or hear any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributed to us or any person acting on our behalf, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

In our discussion of our outlook and results of operations, we utilize financial measures that have not been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). They include adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc., adjusted diluted earnings per share attributable to Enpro Inc. continuing operations, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("adjusted EBITDA"), and total adjusted segment EBITDA. Tables showing the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures, other than total adjusted segment EBITDA, to the comparable GAAP measures are included in "—Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to the Comparable GAAP Measures," while the reconciliation of total adjusted segment EBITDA is included in "—Results of Operations."

We believe non-GAAP metrics are commonly used financial measures for investors to evaluate our operating performance and, when read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, present a useful tool to evaluate our ongoing operations and performance from period to period. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are some of the factors we use in internal evaluations of the overall performance of our businesses. We acknowledge that there are many items that impact our reported results and the adjustments reflected in these non-GAAP measures are not intended to present all items that may have impacted these results. In addition, the non-GAAP measures we use are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Overview

Overview. Enpro is a leading-edge industrial technology company focused on critical applications across a diverse group of growing end markets such as semiconductor, industrial process, commercial vehicle, sustainable power generation, aerospace, food and pharmaceuticals, photonics, and life sciences. We have 15 primary manufacturing and service facilities located in 8 countries, including the United States. Enpro is a leader in applied engineering and designs, develops, manufactures, and markets proprietary, value-added products and solutions that safeguard a variety of critical environments.

Over the past several years, we have executed several strategic initiatives to focus the portfolio of businesses where we offer proprietary, industrial technology-related products and solutions with high barriers to entry, compelling margins, strong cash flow, and perpetual recurring/aftermarket revenue in markets with favorable secular tailwinds.

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We manage our business as two segments: a Sealing Technologies segment and an Advanced Surface Technologies segment.

Our Sealing Technologies segment engineers and manufactures value-added products and solutions that safeguard a variety of critical environments, including: metallic, non-metallic and composite material gaskets; dynamic seals; compression packing; elastomeric components; custom-engineered mechanical seals used in diverse applications; hydraulic components; test, measurement and sensing applications; sanitary gaskets; hoses and fittings for hygienic process industries; fluid transfer products for the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries; and commercial vehicle solutions used in wheel-end and suspension components that customers rely upon to ensure safety on our roadways.

These products are used in a variety of markets, including chemical and petrochemical processing, nuclear energy, hydrogen, natural gas, food and biopharmaceutical processing, primary metal manufacturing, mining, water and waste treatment, commercial vehicle, aerospace (including commercial space), medical, filtration and semiconductor fabrication. In all these industries, the performance and durability of our proprietary products and solutions are vital for the safety and environmental protection of our customers’ processes. Many of our products and solutions are used in highly demanding applications, often in harsh environments, where the cost of failure is extremely high relative to the cost of our offerings to our customers. These environments include those where extreme temperatures, extreme pressures, corrosive agents, strict tolerances, or worn equipment create challenges for product performance. Sealing Technologies offers customers widely recognized applied engineering, innovation, process know- how and enduring reliability, driving a lasting aftermarket for many of our products and solutions.

Our Advanced Surface Technologies (AST) segment applies proprietary technologies, processes, and capabilities to deliver a highly differentiated suite of products and solutions for challenging applications in high-growth markets. The segment’s products and solutions are used in demanding environments requiring performance, precision and repeatability, with a low tolerance for failure. AST’s products and solutions include: (i) cleaning, coating, testing, refurbishment and verification for critical components and assemblies used in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, with meaningful exposures to state-of-the-art advanced node chip applications; (ii) designing, manufacturing and selling specialized optical filters and proprietary thin-film coatings for the most challenging applications in the industrial technology, life sciences, and semiconductor markets; (iii) engineering and manufacturing complex front-end wafer processing sub-systems and new and refurbished electrostatic chuck pedestals for the semiconductor equipment industry; and (iv) engineering and manufacturing edge-welded metal bellows for the semiconductor equipment industry and critical applications in the space, aerospace and defense markets. In many instances, AST capabilities drive products and solutions that enable the performance of our customers’ high-value processes through an entire life cycle.

Acquisitions

On January 29, 2024, Enpro acquired all of the equity securities of Advanced Micro Instruments, Inc. ("AMI"), a privately held company, for $209.4 million, net of cash acquired. In connection with the acquisition of AMI, there were $3.9 million of acquisition-related costs incurred during the year ended December 31, 2024 and included in selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

AMI is a leading provider of highly-engineered, application-specific analyzers and sensing technologies that monitor critical parameters to maintain infrastructure integrity, enable process efficiency, enhance safety, and facilitate the clean energy transition. AMI is included within the Sealing Technologies segment.

Based in Costa Mesa, California, AMI serves customers in the midstream natural gas, biogas, industrial processing, cryogenics, food processing, laboratory wastewater and aerospace markets, The company offers a portfolio of oxygen, hydrogen, sulfide and moisture analyzers and proprietary sensing capabilities that detect contaminants in a variety of processes, including natural gas and biogas streams, which enable operators to avoid flaring and, thereby, reduce CO2 emissions.

Acquisitions of redeemable non-controlling interests

In connection with our acquisition of Alluxa in October 2020, three Alluxa executives (the "Alluxa Executives") received rollover equity interests in the form of approximately 7% of the total equity interest of an entity we formed for the purpose of acquiring Alluxa (the "Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary"). Pursuant to the limited liability operating agreement (the "Alluxa LLC Agreement") that was entered into with the completion of the transaction, each Alluxa Executive had the right to sell to us, and we had the right to purchase from each Alluxa Executive (collectively, the "Put and Call Rights"), one-third of the Alluxa Executive equity interests in the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary during each of three exercise periods in 2024, 2025 and 2026, with any amount not sold or purchased in a prior exercise period being carried forward to the subsequent exercise periods. In January 2024, we agreed with the Alluxa Executives to change the terms of the Put and Call Rights so that all outstanding equity interests could be acquired in 2024. In February of 2024, we acquired all outstanding equity interests in the Alluxa

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Acquisition Subsidiary for $17.9 million, which was the minimum fixed price set in the Alluxa LLC Agreement. As this transaction was for the acquisition of all remaining shares of a consolidated subsidiary with no change in control, it was recorded within shareholder's equity and as a financing cash flow in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Enpro is now the sole owner of Alluxa.

In September 2019, Lunar Investment LLC ("Lunar"), a subsidiary of Enpro, acquired all of the equity securities of LeanTeq Co, LTD. and its affiliate LeanTeq LLC (collectively referred to as "LeanTeq"). As part of the transaction, two of the equity owners of LeanTeq, who were executives of the acquired entity (the "LeanTeq Executives"), acquired approximately a 10% ownership share of Lunar in the form of rollover equity. LeanTeq is included as part of our Advanced Surface Technologies segment. During the fourth quarter of 2022, Enpro acquired all the equity securities of Lunar owned by the LeanTeq Executives for an anticipated $42.8 million and became the sole owner of LeanTeq. As a result of this purchase transaction, $35.0 million of our Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests was reclassified as a liability. We paid $41.9 million in December 2022, which was the minimum purchase price for these equity securities, of which $7.8 million eliminated our outstanding deferred compensation liability and $34.1 million reduced the liability attributable to the redeemable non-controlling interest acquisition. As a result of the financial performance of LeanTeq through November 2023, we made a final $0.6 million payment to the LeanTeq Executives in 2024.

Discontinued Operations

During the third quarter of 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our GGB business and announced our intention to sell Garlock Pipeline Technologies, Inc. ("GPT"). These businesses comprised our remaining Engineered Materials segment ("Engineered Materials"). As a result of classifying the GGB and GPT businesses as held for sale in the third quarter of 2022, we determined Engineered Materials to be a discontinued operation.

On January 30, 2023 we completed the sale of GPT. In 2023, we received $28.9 million, net of transaction fees and cash sold, resulting in a pretax gain of $14.6 million recognized in the first quarter of 2023.

The sale of GGB closed on November 4, 2022 to The Timken Company. We received $298.2 million, net of transaction fees and cash sold, including $3.1 million of payments made in Q1 of 2023. We recorded a pre-tax gain of $189.1 million as part of our discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The sale of GGB included a subsidiary of our Sealing Technologies segment which is not part of the discontinued operations described above. The results of operations of this subsidiary are included in continuing operations for all periods being reported. As a result of this sale, we recorded a $0.4 million loss in the fourth quarter of 2022 in other expense in our consolidated statement of operations.

Unless otherwise indicated, amounts presented in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations pertain to continuing operations only (see Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K for information on discontinued operations and the related disposition of those operations)

Global Sales

Please refer to Item 1, "Business-Background" for information with respect to our sales by geographic region in 2024, 2023 and 2022.

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Highlights

Financial highlights for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

1 Reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their respective GAAP measure are located in "— Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measure to the Comparable GAAP Measure" at the end of this section.

2 Reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their respective GAAP measure are located in " — Results of Operations".

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Results of Operations

We measure operating performance of our reportable segments based on segment earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and other selected items ("Adjusted Segment EBITDA" or "Segment AEBITDA"), which is segment revenue reduced by operating expenses and other costs identifiable with the segment, excluding acquisition and divestiture expenses, restructuring costs, impairment charges, non-controlling interest compensation, amortization of the fair value adjustment to acquisition date inventory, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted Segment EBITDA is not defined under GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies. Corporate expenses include general corporate administrative costs. Segment non-operating expenses and income, corporate expenses, net interest expense, goodwill impairment, and income taxes are not included in the computation of Adjusted Segment EBITDA. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those for Enpro.

In the first quarter of 2024, we refined our definition of Adjusted Segment EBITDA and corporate expenses to include certain other income or expenses previously reported in other expense, net. These items were primarily comprised of bank fees and certain foreign exchange transaction gains and losses. As a result of this change, for the year ended December 31, 2023, we recast our results to increase corporate expenses by $1.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we decreased Sealing

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Technologies Adjusted Segment EBITDA by $1.3 million and increased Advanced Surface Technologies Adjusted Segment EBITDA by $4.7 million in addition to increasing corporate expenses by $1.7 million.

Non-controlling interest compensation allocation represents compensation expense associated with a portion of the rollover equity from the acquisitions of LeanTeq and Alluxa that was subject to reduction for certain types of employment terminations of the sellers. This expense was recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and is directly related to the terms of the acquisitions. We acquired all of the LeanTeq non-controlling interests in the fourth quarter of 2022 and all of the Alluxa non-controlling interests in the first quarter of 2024.

Other expense, net in the table above represents other expense (non-operating) on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the respective periods presented.

2024 Compared to 2023

Sales of $1,048.7 million in 2024 decreased 1.0% from $1,059.3 million in 2023. The following table summarizes the impact of acquisitions and foreign currency on sales by segment:

Following is a discussion of operating results for each segment during 2024 compared to 2023:

Sealing Technologies. Sales of $687.2 million in 2024 reflect a 4.4% increase compared to $658.4 million in 2023. Excluding the unfavorable foreign exchange translation ($1.5 million) and the sales from a recent acquisition ($32.1 million), sales were down 0.3% or $1.8 million. Organic sales were relatively flat as strong demand in aerospace and nuclear markets, strategic pricing actions, and recovery in food and pharmaceuticals and European general industrial markets were offset by a sharp decline in commercial vehicle OEM and Asian industrial markets.

Segment AEBITDA of $224.1 million in 2024 increased 16.5% from $192.3 million in 2023. Segment AEBITDA margin increased from 29.2% in 2023 to 32.6% in 2024. Excluding the unfavorable foreign exchange translation ($0.7 million) and the contribution from a business recently acquired of ($16.9 million), Adjusted Segment EBITDA increased 8.1%, or $15.6 million. The increase in Segment AEBITDA was driven primarily by pricing gains ($20.0 million), favorable sales mix ($5.7 million), decreased labor and overhead costs ($3.9 million), and lower selling, general, and administrative costs ($1.5 million), partially offset by decreased sales volume ($15.5 million).

Advanced Surface Technologies. Sales of $362.2 million in 2024 reflect a 9.7% decrease compared to $401.2 million in 2023 driven primarily by continued weakness in semiconductor capital equipment spending, partially offset by solutions serving leading-edge applications.

Segment AEBITDA of $76.7 million in 2024 decreased 19.6% from $95.5 million in 2023. Segment AEBITDA margin decreased from 23.8% in 2023 to 21.2% in 2024. The $18.7 million decrease in Adjusted Segment EBITDA was driven primarily by lower volumes ($25.5 million), higher labor costs ($1.3 million), increased selling, general, and administrative costs ($2.3 million) and a higher level of start-up expenses for LeanTeq's new production site in Arizona, partially offset by favorable sales mix ($14.7 million).

Corporate expenses for 2024 decreased $4.7 million as compared to 2023. The decrease was driven primarily by a decrease in share-price-based long-term incentive compensation expenses ($4.9 million).

Interest expense, net in 2024 increased by $4.4 million as compared to 2023 primarily due to lower interest income on cash balances following the acquisition of AMI, partially offset by lower average outstanding debt.

Other expense, net in 2024 increased by $4.4 million as compared to 2023, primarily due to the increase in the valuation reserve on a long-term promissory note received in partial consideration for the sale of a non-strategic business in 2020 ($4.5 million) and increased environmental related costs ($2.8 million) partially offset by lower non-service pension related costs ($1.4 million), income realized from the settlement of a legacy claim ($0.6 million), decreased foreign exchange losses related to an intercompany note denominated in Euros ($0.4 million) and decreased costs related to divested businesses ($0.3 million).

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Income tax expense from continuing operations was $21.5 million in 2024 and $30.8 million in 2023. The effective tax rates for 2024 and 2023 were 22.8% and 81.6% respectively. The effective tax rate for 2024 is higher than the U.S. federal tax rate primarily driven by higher tax rates in most foreign jurisdictions, partially offset by the favorable impact of tax credits. The effect of these items resulted in a net $3.2 million increase in income tax expense from the federal statutory rate. In 2024, we had a decrease in tax expense relative to 2023, primarily driven by 2023 goodwill impairment, which is not deductible for tax purposes.

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. was $72.9 million, or $3.48 per share, in 2024 compared to income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. of $10.8 million, or $0.52 per share, in 2023.

2023 Compared to 2022

For a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2022, see "Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2024.

Restructuring and Other Costs

We incurred $6.2 million, $5.0 million and $3.0 million of restructuring and impairment costs during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Additionally, in 2023 and 2022, we incurred goodwill impairment charges of $60.8 million and $65.2 million, respectively, related to the Alluxa reporting unit.

Of the restructuring and impairment costs incurred in 2024, 2023 and 2022, we incurred $2.8 million, $4.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, of restructuring costs related to the reorganization of sites and functions, primarily in the United States and $3.4 million, $0.7 million, and $1.2 million, respectively, of non-cash impairment charges of long-lived assets. Workforce reductions associated with our restructuring activities in 2024, 2023, and 2022 totaled 77, 72, and 25 administrative and manufacturing positions, respectively.

Please see the "Overview" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash requirements for, but not limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and debt repayments have been funded from cash balances on hand, revolver borrowings and cash generated from operations. We are proactively pursuing acquisition opportunities. Should we need additional capital, we have resources available, which are discussed in this section under the heading “Capital Resources.”

As of December 31, 2024, we held $49.3 million of cash and cash equivalents in the United States and $187.0 million of cash outside of the United States. If the funds held outside the United States were needed for our operations in the U.S., we have several methods to repatriate such funds without significant adverse tax effects, including repayment of intercompany loans, distributions subject to a 100 percent dividends-received deduction for income tax purposes, or distributions of previously-taxed earnings.

Because of the transition tax, GILTI, and Subpart F provisions, undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries totaling $187.1 million at December 31, 2023 have been subjected to U.S. income tax or are eligible for the 100 percent dividends-received deduction under Section 245A of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") provided in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Additionally, undistributed earnings are estimated to be $239.4 million as of December 31, 2024. Whether through the application of the 100 percent dividends received deduction, or distribution of these previously-taxed earnings, we do not intend to distribute foreign earnings that will be subject to any significant incremental U.S. or foreign tax. During 2024, we repatriated $61.3 million of earnings from our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in only $0.3 million of withholding taxes. We have determined that estimating any tax liability on our investment in foreign subsidiaries is not practicable. Therefore, we have not recorded any deferred tax liability on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

Cash Flows

Operating activities of continuing operations provided cash in the amount of $162.9 million, $208.4 million and $106.1 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in operating cash flows in 2024 versus 2023 was primarily attributable the decline in revenue, timing of working capital, and payments related to short-term operating liabilities, as well as $18.9 million of additional tax payments made in 2024. The increase in operating cash flows in 2023 versus 2022 was primarily

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attributable to less income tax payments, net of refunds ($63.6 million) and improvements in net working capital. Higher tax payments in 2022 were the result of high proceeds from our divestiture of discontinued operations.

Investing activities of continuing operations used $241.5 million and $7.4 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively, and provided $302.7 million of cash in 2022. Investing activities in 2024 used cash primarily for the acquisition of AMI ($209.4 million) and investments in property, plant, and equipment ($29.1 million). Investing activities in 2023 used cash primarily for investments in property, plant, and equipment ($33.9 million), partially offset by proceeds of the sale of businesses, principally the sale of GPT ($25.9 million). Investing activities in 2022 provided cash from the sale of businesses ($301.9 million), primarily the sale of GGB, and the settlement of derivative contracts ($27.4 million). This was partially offset by investments in property, plant and equipment ($29.4 million).

Financing activities of continuing operations used $50.5 million in cash in 2024, primarily attributable to the acquisition of non-controlling interests, primarily for the acquisition of the Alluxa non-controlling interests ($18.3 million), net repayments of debt ($8.1 million) and dividend payments ($25.3 million). Financing activities of continuing operations used $170.9 million in 2023 primarily attributable to payments on our Term Loan Facilities, including the complete repayment of our Term Loan A-1 Facility, as defined and discussed below ($144.9 million), and by dividend payments ($24.3 million). Financing activities used $402.1 million in 2022, primarily attributable to a net payment our Revolving Credit Facility, as defined below, and Term Loan Facilities ($337.0 million), the acquisition of the equity interests in LeanTeq held by the LeanTeq Executives ($34.1 million) and dividend payments ($23.4 million)

Capital Resources

Senior Secured Credit Facility. On December 17, 2021, we entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) dated as of December 17, 2021 among the Company and EnPro Holdings, as borrowers, certain of our foreign subsidiaries are from time to time party thereto, as designated borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. The Amended Credit Agreement amends, restates and replaces the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 28, 2018, as amended, among the Company and EnPro Holdings as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer.

The Amended Credit Agreement provides for credit facilities in the initial aggregate principal amount of $1,007.5 million, consisting of a five-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of $400.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), a $142.5 million senior secured term loan facility in replacement of the our existing senior secured term loan facility, maturing September 25, 2024 (the “Term Loan A-1 Facility”), a five-year, senior secured term loan facility of $315.0 million (the “Term Loan A-2 Facility”) and a 364-day, senior secured term loan facility of $150.0 million (the “364-Day Facility” and together with the Term Loan A-1 Facility and the Term Loan A-2 Facility, the "Term Loan Facilities”, which together with the Revolving Credit Facility are referred to as the "Facilities"). The Amended Credit Agreement also provides that we may seek incremental term loans and/or additional revolving credit commitments in an amount equal to the greater of $275.0 million and 100% of consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended four-quarter period for which we have reported financial results, plus additional amounts based on a consolidated senior secured leverage ratio. The Amended Credit Agreement became effective on December 17, 2021.

Borrowings under the 364-Day Facility bore interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus 1.50% or base rate plus 0.50%. Initially, borrowings under the Facilities (other than the 364-Day Facility) bore interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus 1.75% or base rate plus 0.75%, although these interest rates were subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio. On November 8, 2022, we entered into a First Amendment to the Amended Credit Agreement, which replaced the LIBOR-based interest rate option with an option based on Term SOFR ("Secured Overnight Financing Rate") plus (i) a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% and (ii) 1.75%, again subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, a commitment fee accrues with respect to the unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility at an annual rate of 0.225%, which rate is also subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio.

The Term Loan A-1 Facility amortized on a quarterly basis in an annual amount equal to 2.50% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A-1 Facility ($150.0 million) in year one after the closing, 5.00% of such original principal amount in year two and 1.25% of such original principal amount in each of the first three quarters of year three, with the remaining outstanding principal amount payable at maturity. The Term Loan A-2 Facility amortizes on a quarterly basis in an annual amount equal to 2.5% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A-2 Facility in each of years one through three, 5.0% of such original principal amount in year four and 1.25% of such original principal amount in each of the first three quarters of year five, with the remaining outstanding principal amount payable at maturity. The 364-Day Facility did not amortize and was repaid in full in the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The Facilities are subject to prepayment with the net cash proceeds of

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certain asset sales not reinvested in acquisitions within a specified period, casualty or condemnation events, and non-permitted debt issuances. On July 21, 2023, we entered into a waiver agreement under Amended Credit Agreement that waived the requirement to prepay the Facilities with remaining excess net cash proceeds related to the sale of GGB and GPT that had not been reinvested in operating assets within 365 days from the date of the sale. In conjunction with this waiver, on July 26, 2023, we voluntarily prepaid all outstanding borrowings and accrued and unpaid interest under the Term Loan A-1 Facility (a remaining principal balance of $133.1 million and accrued interest of $0.6 million). After taking into account the repayment of borrowings under the Term Loan A-1 Facility noted above, forecasted capital expenditures, and other applicable expenditures, we met all reinvestment requirements under the indenture related to the excess net cash proceeds from the sales of GGB and GPT. There is no prepayment penalty for a full or partial repayment of the Facilities at any time.

The Company and EnPro Holdings are the permitted borrowers under the Facilities.  We have the ability to add wholly owned foreign subsidiaries as borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility.  Each of our domestic, consolidated subsidiaries (other than any subsidiaries that may be designated as "unrestricted" by the Company from time to time an inactive subsidiaries) is required to guarantee the obligations of the borrowers under the Facilities, and each of our existing domestic, consolidated subsidiaries (other than inactive subsidiaries) has entered into the Amended Credit Agreement to provide such a guarantee.

Borrowings under the Facilities are secured by a first-priority pledge of the following assets:

•100% of the capital stock of each domestic subsidiary of the Company (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries);

•65% of the capital stock of any first tier foreign subsidiary of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries); and

•substantially all of the assets (including, without limitation, machinery and equipment, inventory and other goods, accounts receivable, bank accounts, general intangibles, financial assets, investment property, license rights, patents, trademarks, trade names, copyrights, chattel paper, insurance proceeds, contract rights, hedge agreements, documents, instruments, indemnification rights, tax refunds and cash, but excluding real estate interests) of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries).

The Amended Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants and required financial ratios, including:

•a maximum consolidated total net leverage ratio of not more than 4.75 to 1.0 (with total debt, for the purposes of such ratio, to be net of up to $150 million of unrestricted cash of Enpro Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries), which ratio will decrease to 4.5 to 1.0 for each fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022 and ending with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022, and to 4.0 to 1.0 for each quarter thereafter; and, once so decreased, may be increased (up to three times) at the borrowers' option to not more than 4.5 to 1.0 for the for-quarter period following a significant acquisition; and

•a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of at least 2.5 to 1.0.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants (subject, in each case, to customary exceptions and qualifications), including covenants that limit our ability to, among other things:

•grant liens on our assets;

•incur additional indebtedness (including guarantees and other contingent obligations);

•make certain investments (including loans and advances);

•merge or make other fundamental changes;

•sell or otherwise dispose of property or assets;

•pay dividends and other distributions and prepay certain indebtedness;

•make changes in the nature of our business;

•enter into transactions with our affiliates;

•enter into burdensome contracts; and

•modify or terminate documents related to certain indebtedness.

We were in compliance with all covenants of the Amended Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2024. The borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2024 was $390 million after giving consideration to $10.0

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million of outstanding letters of credit. The principal balance of our outstanding Term Loan A-2 Facility at December 31, 2024 was $291.4 million.

Senior Notes. On October 17, 2018, we completed the offering of $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.75% senior notes due 2026 (the "Senior Notes") and applied the net proceeds of that offering, together with borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, to redeem on October 31, 2018 the full $450 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 5.875% senior notes due 2022.

The Senior Notes were issued to investors at 100% of the principal amount thereof. The Senior Notes are unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Enpro and mature on October 15, 2026. Interest on the Senior Notes accrues at a rate of 5.75% per annum and is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing April 15, 2019. The Senior Notes are required to be guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of Enpro’s existing and future direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries that is a borrower under, or guarantees, our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility or guarantees any other Capital Markets Indebtedness (as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes) of Enpro or any of the guarantors.

Commencing on October 15, 2021, we may, on any one or more occasions, redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes at specified redemption prices plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem a portion of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes before October 15, 2021 with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a specified redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. Prior to October 15, 2021, we could redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the redemption date, plus a “make whole” premium.

Each holder of the Senior Notes may require us to repurchase some or all of the Senior Notes held by such holder for cash upon the occurrence of a defined “change of control” event. Our ability to redeem the Senior Notes prior to maturity is subject to certain conditions, including in certain cases the payment of make-whole amounts.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes requires us to apply the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales not reinvested in acquisitions, capital expenditures, or used to repay or otherwise reduce specified indebtedness within a specified period, to the extent the remaining net proceeds exceed a specified amount, to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Contractual Obligations

A summary of our contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2024 is as follows:

The payments for long-term debt shown in the table above reflect the contractual principal amount for the Senior Notes and term loans under our Amended Credit Agreement. In our Consolidated Balance Sheet, these amounts are shown net of a debt discount of $2.2 million. Additional discussion regarding the Senior Notes and Amended Credit Agreement is included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Capital Resources,” and in Note 11, "Debt," to the consolidated financial statements. The interest on debt represents the contractual interest coupon. It does not include the debt discount accretion, which also is a component of interest expense.

The estimated payments of environmental liabilities is based on information currently known to us. However, it is possible that these estimates will vary from actual results and it is possible that these estimates may be updated if new information becomes available in the future or if there are changes in the facts and circumstances related to these liabilities. Additional discussion regarding these liabilities is included earlier in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in “Contingencies – Environmental" and "Contingencies – Crucible Steel Corporation a/k/a Crucible, Inc.,” and in Note 19, "Commitments and Contingencies," to the consolidated financial statements.

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The table does not include obligations under our pension plans, which is included in Note 14, "Pension," to the consolidated financial statements.

Share Repurchase Program

Enpro’s board of directors approved a new share repurchase authorization in October 2024, replacing the previous $50.0 million authorization that expired in October 2024. No shares were purchased under the prior repurchase program. Under the replacement authorization, which, other than the expiration date, is identical to the prior authorization, the Company may repurchase up to $50.0 million of shares in both open market and privately negotiated transactions. The Company’s management is authorized to determine the timing and amount of any such repurchases based on its evaluation of market conditions, capital alternatives, and other factors. Repurchases may also be made under Rule 10b5-1 plans, which could result in the repurchase of shares during periods when the Company otherwise would be precluded from doing so under insider trading laws. The new share repurchase authorization expires in October 2026.

Dividends

On January 13, 2015, our board of directors adopted a policy under which it intends to declare regular quarterly cash dividends on Enpro’s common stock, with the determination of whether to declare a dividend and the amount being considered each quarter, after taking into account our cash flow, earnings, cash position, financial position and other relevant matters. In 2022, our board declared a dividend of $0.28 per share in each quarter, in 2023, our board declared a dividend of $0.29 per share in each quarter, and in 2024 our board declared a dividend of $0.30 per share in each quarter. On February 13, 2025 we announced that our board of directors had increased the quarterly dividend to $0.31 per share, commencing with the dividend to be paid on March 19, 2025 to all shareholders of record as of March 5, 2025. Each of the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes includes covenants restricting the payment of dividends, but includes a basket permitting the payment of cash dividends of up to $50.0 million per year under the Credit Agreement and $60.0 million per year under the indenture governing the Senior Notes. Other baskets may be available under that the agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility and the indenture governing the Senior Notes to permit the payment of dividends in excess of the respective basket amount.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures pertaining to contingent assets and liabilities. Note 1, “Overview, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies used to prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements and recently issued accounting guidance. On an ongoing basis we evaluate our estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, income taxes, warranty obligations, restructuring, pensions, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

We believe the following accounting estimates are the most critical. Some of them involve significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is subject to annual impairment testing that is conducted each calendar year in the fourth quarter. Our annual impairment testing for all of our intangible assets is November 1 of each year.

The goodwill asset impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Interim tests during the year may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change (a "triggering event") that in management's judgement would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its’ carrying amount.

To estimate the fair value of the four of our five reporting units with goodwill balances remaining, we use both a discounted cash flow and a market valuation approach. The discounted cash flow approach uses cash flow projections and a discount rate to calculate the fair value of each reporting unit while the market approach relies on market multiples of similar companies. The key assumptions used for the discounted cash flow approach include projected revenues and profit margins,

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projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, and the discount and tax rates. For the market approach, we select a group of peer companies that we believe are best representative of each reporting unit. We used a 75% weighting for the discounted cash flow valuation approach and a 25% weighting for the market valuation approach, reflecting our belief that the discounted cash flow valuation approach is a better indicator of a reporting unit's value since it reflects the specific cash flows anticipated to be generated in the future by the business.

At the time of our annual test as of November 1, 2022, our updated forecast and projections based upon our annual projection and analysis indicated that the carrying value of the Alluxa reporting unit exceeded fair value by $65.2 million which has been recognized as an impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2022. This was primarily driven by the increase in discount rate from 12.0% as of November 1, 2021 to 14.6% as of November 1, 2022. In the second quarter of 2023, we determined the lower than previously projected actual and forecasted financial performance of our Alluxa reporting unit to be a triggering event for an interim goodwill impairment test. We determined the carrying value of our Alluxa reporting unit to exceed its fair value and, as a result, we impaired the remaining $60.8 million of goodwill related to Alluxa. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2024 and 2023 reflects no goodwill related to Alluxa.

The fair value of our semiconductor reporting unit, included in the Advanced Surface Technologies segment, exceeded carrying value by approximately 17% as of November 1, 2024. The carrying value of the Semiconductor reporting unit as of December 31, 2024 includes $532.2 million of goodwill. We considered the sensitivity of the valuation of our Semiconductor reporting unit to adverse changes in our projected cash flows under two separate alternative scenarios. First, with a 5% reduction in forecasted sales used in our valuation model, we estimate the fair value of the Semiconductor reporting unit would exceed its carrying value by less than 4%. Second, with a 1% increase in the discount rate as of November 1, 2024 we estimate our fair value of the Semiconductor reporting unit would exceed its carrying value by less than 2%. All annual and interim impairment tests of goodwill for the Semiconductor reporting unit performed during the 3-years ended December 31, 2024 indicated there was no impairment of goodwill for the Semiconductor reporting unit.

The fair value of the three reporting units of our Sealing Technologies segment all exceeded their respective carrying values by more than 75% as of November 1, 2024. Our annual impairment test of the goodwill for the three reporting units of our Sealing Technologies segment as of November 1, 2023 and 2022 indicated no impairment.

Annual assessments are conducted in the context of information that was reasonably available to us as of the date of the assessment including our best estimates of future sales volumes and prices; material and labor cost and availability; operational efficiency including the impact of projected capital asset additions, and the discount rates and tax rates. We will perform our next annual goodwill impairment tests as of November 1, 2025; or earlier, if adverse changes in circumstances result in our assessment that a triggering event has occurred at any of our reporting units and an interim test is required.

Other intangible assets are recorded at cost or, when acquired as a part of a business combination, at estimated fair value. These assets include customer relationships, patents and other technology-related assets, trademarks, licenses, and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets that have definite lives are amortized using a method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed or the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 1 to 21 years.

Intangible assets with indefinite lives, which consist primarily of trade names and future products that were in development at the time of the acquisition of AMI in January 2024, are subject to at least annual impairment testing. The impairment testing for the indefinite lived trade names compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount using the relief from royalty method. Key assumptions used in the relief from royalty method are projected revenues and royalty, discount, tax, and terminal growth rates. Impairment testing for these assets were conducted as of November 1 in 2024, 2023 and 2022 and indicated no impairment. Impairment testing related to the future products that were in development at the time of the acquisition of AMI compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value using a multi-period excess earnings method. Key assumptions used in the excess earnings method are projected revenues and profit margins, obsolescence factors, and tax, discount, and long-term growth rates. This testing was conducted as of November 1, 2024, the first testing period after the asset was acquired, and indicated no impairment. Interim tests may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying value or change the useful life of the asset. For additional information regarding the acquisition of AMI, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview as well as Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management, and it is reasonably likely that assumptions and estimates will change in future periods. These changes could result in future impairments. For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview” as well as Notes 1 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Business Combinations

Over the past several years, we have executed several strategic acquisitions, most of which are material. We utilize the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheet beginning on the acquisition date. We may evaluate these values and adjust our estimates up to one-year from the date the business was acquired.

We estimate the fair-value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination using various valuation methods that are appropriate for the specific business combination or the specific asset or liability being valued. Various techniques are used to determine the fair-value of intangible assets, which require judgement and often comprise a significant portion of total assets acquired in a business combination. We use the income approach to determine the fair-value of our intangible assets, primarily using the relief-from-royalty or multi-period excess earnings methods. Under these valuation approaches, we use key assumptions in valuing the assets, including projected revenues and profit margins, royalty rates, obsolescence factors, customer attrition rates, contributory asset charges, tax rates, discount rates and long-term growth rates. Any excess total consideration transferred in a business combination greater than the fair value of identifiable assets acquired net of liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill.

For additional information regarding our acquisitions, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview as well as Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Environmental

Although we believe past operations were in substantial compliance with the then applicable regulations, we or one or more of our subsidiaries are involved with various remediation activities or an investigation to determine responsibility for environmental conditions at 21 sites.

Our policy is to accrue environmental investigation and remediation costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In general, due to uncertainties regarding, among other factors, changes to operating and monitoring requirements based on the ongoing performance of the remediation system and/or changes to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, we do not consider costs for remediation activities beyond five years to be reasonably estimable. To the extent that capital costs to be incurred more than five years out, such as costs for the construction or decommissioning of remediation systems, can be reasonable estimated such costs are included in our environmental reserves. For sites with multiple future projected cost scenarios for identified feasible investigation and remediation options where no one estimate is more likely than all the others, our policy is to accrue the lowest estimate among the range of estimates. The measurement of our liability is based on an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual situation and takes into consideration factors such as existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations and prior experience in the remediation of similar contaminated sites. Liabilities are established for all sites based on these factors. As assessments and remediation progress at individual sites, these liabilities are reviewed and adjusted to reflect additional technical data and legal information. Given the uncertainties regarding the status of laws, regulations, enforcement policies, the impact of other parties potentially being fully or partially liable, technology and information related to individual sites, we do not believe it is possible to develop an estimate of the range of reasonably possible environmental loss in excess of our recorded liabilities.

We believe that our accruals for specific environmental liabilities are adequate based on currently available information. Based upon limited information regarding any incremental remediation or other actions that may be required at these sites, we cannot estimate any further loss or a reasonably possible range of loss related to these matters. Actual costs to be incurred in future periods may vary from estimates because of the inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures due to unknown and changing conditions, changing government regulations and legal standards regarding liability.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Temporary differences arising between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its carrying amount on the Consolidated Balance Sheet are used to calculate future income tax assets or liabilities. This method also requires the recognition of deferred tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances are recorded as appropriate to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount considered likely to be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income (losses) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment of the change. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if we believe it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on its technical merits. If the recognition threshold for the tax position is met, only the portion of the tax benefit that we believe is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized is recorded. Our future results may include favorable or unfavorable

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adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, statute expirations, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements, changes in tax laws, changes in projected levels of taxable income, future tax planning strategies, or other relevant events.

OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project - Pillar 2

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) has introduced a framework to implement a global minimum corporate tax of 15%, referred to as Pillar Two, that is effective for tax years beginning in 2024.

While it is uncertain whether the U.S. will enact legislation to adopt Pillar Two, certain countries in which we operate have enacted legislation to adopt Pillar Two. The adoption of Pillar Two has had no impact on our income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 and we expect there to be a minimal impact in subsequent years.

Impact of Pending Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, "Overview, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance," to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting guidance that we have not yet adopted.

Contingencies

A description of our contingencies is included in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

On October 17, 2018, we completed the offering of the Senior Notes. The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, unsubordinated, joint and several basis by our existing and future wholly owned direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries, that are each guarantors of our Revolving Credit Facility, including subsidiaries that were wholly owned at the time they provided the guarantee but thereafter became majority owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”).  The Guarantor Subsidiaries at December 31, 2024 comprise all of our consolidated domestic subsidiaries at that date. Our subsidiaries organized outside of the United States, (collectively, the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) do not guarantee the Senior Notes.

The Guarantor Subsidiaries jointly and severally guarantee on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis the performance and punctual payment when due, whether at stated maturity of the Senior Notes, by acceleration or otherwise, all of our obligations under the Senior Notes and the indenture governing the Senior Notes (the “Indenture”), whether for payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Senior Notes, expenses, indemnification or otherwise (all such obligations guaranteed by the Guarantor Subsidiaries are referred to as the “Guaranteed Obligations”). The Guarantor Subsidiaries have jointly and severally agreed to pay, in addition to the obligations stated above, any and all expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the trustee (the “Trustee”) under the Indenture in enforcing any rights under their guarantees of the Guaranteed Obligations.

Each guarantee of a Guarantor Subsidiary is limited to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed by it without rendering the guarantee, as it relates to such Guarantor Subsidiary, voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. Each guarantee of a Guarantor Subsidiary is a continuing guarantee and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the Trustee, the holders of the Senior Notes and their successors, transferees and assigns and, subject to the provisions described in the following sentence, remains in full force and effect until payment in full of all of the Guaranteed Obligations of such Guarantor Subsidiary and is binding upon such Guarantor Subsidiary and its successors. A guarantee of the Senior Notes by a Guarantor Subsidiary is subject to release in the following circumstances: (i) the sale, disposition, exchange or other transfer (including through merger, consolidation, amalgamation or otherwise) of the capital stock of the subsidiary made in a manner not in violation of the Indenture; (ii) the designation of the subsidiary as an “Unrestricted Subsidiary” under the Indenture; (iii) the legal defeasance or covenant defeasance of the Senior Notes in accordance with the terms of the Indenture; or (iv) the subsidiary ceasing to be our subsidiary as a result of any foreclosure of any pledge or security interest securing our Revolving Credit Facility or other exercise of remedies in respect thereof.

The following tables present summarized financial information for Enpro Inc. (the "Parent") and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis after intercompany eliminations.

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The summarized results of operations information for the year ended December 31, 2024 was as follows:

The summarized balance sheet information at December 31, 2024 was as follows:

The table above reflects $14.1 million of current intercompany receivables due to the Guarantor Subsidiaries from the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and $8.1 million of current intercompany payables due to the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries from the Guarantor Subsidiaries within current assets and liabilities held and used.

The Senior Notes are structurally subordinated to the indebtedness and other liabilities of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. The Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due pursuant to the Senior Notes or the Indenture, or to make any funds available therefor, whether by dividends, loans, distributions or other payments. Any right that the Company or the Guarantor Subsidiaries have to receive any assets of any of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries upon the liquidation or reorganization of any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary, and the consequent rights of holders of Senior Notes to realize proceeds from the sale of any of a Non-Guarantor Subsidiary’s assets, would be effectively subordinated to the claims of such Non-Guarantor Subsidiary’s creditors, including trade creditors and holders of preferred equity interests, if any, of such Non-Guarantor Subsidiary. Accordingly, in the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of any of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries will pay the holders of their debts, holders of preferred equity interests, if any, and their trade creditors before they will be able to distribute any of their assets to the Company or any Guarantor Subsidiaries.

If a Guarantor Subsidiary were to become a debtor in a case under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or encounter other financial difficulty, under federal or state fraudulent transfer or conveyance law, a court may avoid, subordinate or otherwise decline to enforce its guarantee of the Senior Notes. A court might do so if it is found that when such Guarantor Subsidiary entered into its guarantee of the Senior Notes, or in some states when payments became due under the Senior Notes, such Guarantor Subsidiary received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration and either:

•was insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of such incurrence;

•was left with unreasonably small or otherwise inadequate capital to conduct our business; or

•believed or reasonably should have believed that it would incur debts beyond its ability to pay.

The court might also avoid the guarantee of the Senior Notes without regard to the above factors, if the court found that the Guarantor Subsidiary entered into its guarantee with actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud our creditors.

A court would likely find that a Guarantor Subsidiary did not receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for its guarantee of the Senior Notes, if such Guarantor Subsidiary did not substantially benefit directly or indirectly from the funding made available by the issuance of the Senior Notes. If a court were to avoid a guarantee of the Senior Notes provided by a Guarantor Subsidiary, holders of the Senior Notes would no longer have any claim against such Guarantor Subsidiary. The

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measures of insolvency for purposes of these fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws will vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding to determine whether a fraudulent transfer or conveyance has occurred, such that we cannot predict what standards a court would use to determine whether or not a Guarantor Subsidiary was solvent at the relevant time or, regardless of the standard that a court uses, that the guarantee of a Guarantor Subsidiary would not be subordinated to such Guarantor Subsidiary’s other debt. As noted above, each guarantee provided by a Guarantor Subsidiary includes a provision intended to limit the Guarantor Subsidiary’s liability to the maximum amount that it could incur without causing the incurrence of obligations under its guarantee to be a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. This provision may not be effective to protect those guarantees from being avoided under fraudulent transfer or conveyance law, or it may reduce that Guarantor Subsidiary’s obligation to an amount that effectively makes its guarantee worthless, and we cannot predict whether a court will ultimately find it to be effective.

On the basis of historical financial information, operating history and other factors, we believe that each of the Guarantor Subsidiaries, after giving effect to the issuance of its guarantee of the Senior Notes when such guarantee was issued, was not insolvent, did not have unreasonably small capital for the business in which it engaged and did not and has not incurred debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. We cannot assure you, however, as to what standard a court would apply in making these determinations or that a court would agree with our conclusions in this regard.

Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to the Comparable GAAP Measures

We believe that it would be helpful to the readers of the financial statements to understand the impact of certain selected items on our reported income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. and diluted earnings per share attributable to Enpro Inc. continuing operations, including items that may recur from time to time. Accordingly, we have included a discussion of adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc., including on a per share basis, adjusted EBITDA and total adjusted segment EBITDA in this report, each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure. The items adjusted for in these non-GAAP financial measures are those that are excluded by management in budgeting or projecting for performance in future periods, as they typically relate to events specific to the period in which they occur. Accordingly, these are some of the factors the company uses in internal evaluations of the overall performance of its businesses. In addition, management believes these non-GAAP financial measures are commonly used financial measures for investors to evaluate the company’s operating performance and, when read in conjunction with the company’s consolidated financial statements, present a useful tool to evaluate the company’s ongoing operations and performance from period to period. Management acknowledges that there are many items that impact a company’s reported results and the adjustments reflected in these non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to present all items that may have impacted these results. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

A reconciliation of (i) income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc., including on a per share basis, and (ii) income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 as set forth below.

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Reconciliation of Adjusted Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Enpro Inc.

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Adjustments in the tables above only reflect amounts attributable to Enpro Inc.

1In connection with the acquisition of Aseptic in 2019, we recognized a liability for uncertain tax positions and a related indemnification asset for the portion of that liability recoverable from the seller. We determined the statute of limitations expired on some of the uncertain tax positions in 2022 and, accordingly, removed a portion of the liability and receivable. The release of the related liability was recorded as part of our tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the reversal of the related receivable was recorded as an expense in other non-operating income (expense) on our consolidated statement of operations.

2In connection with the sale of GGB, accounted for as a discontinued operation, in the fourth quarter of 2022, we issued an intercompany note between a domestic and foreign entity that is denominated in a foreign currency. As a result of this note, we have recorded losses due to the changes in the foreign exchange rate. The outstanding note is hedged in order to minimize related gains or losses.

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3We received a long-term promissory note in connection to the sale of a divested business. As part of our regular review of the note, in the first quarter of 2024 we concluded a reserve was needed for expected future credit losses. We will continue to monitor the note regularly and make adjustments to the reserve as needed based on known facts and circumstances.

4Adjusted diluted earnings per share.

The adjusted income tax expense presented above is calculated using a normalized company-wide effective tax rate excluding discrete items of 25.0% for 2024 and 2023, and 27.0% for 2022. Per share amounts were calculated by dividing by the weighted-average shares of diluted common stock outstanding during the periods.

Reconciliation of Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Enpro Inc. to Adjusted EBITDA

1In connection with the acquisition of Aseptic in 2019, we recognized a liability for uncertain tax positions and a related indemnification asset for the portion of that liability recoverable from the seller. We determined the statute of limitations expired on some of the uncertain tax positions in 2022 and, accordingly, removed a portion of the liability and receivable. The release of the related liability was recorded as part of our tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 and the reversal of the related receivable was recorded as an expense in other non-operating income (expense) on our consolidated statement of operations.

2In connection with the sale of GGB, accounted for as a discontinued operation, in the fourth quarter of 2022, we issued an intercompany note between a domestic and foreign entity that is denominated in a foreign currency. As a result of this note, we have recorded losses due to the changes in the foreign exchange rate. The outstanding note is hedged in order to minimize related gains or losses.

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3We received a long-term promissory note in connection to the sale of a divested business. As part of our regular review of the note, in the first quarter of 2024 we concluded a reserve was needed for expected future credit losses. We will continue to monitor the note regularly and make adjustments to the reserve as needed based on known facts and circumstances.

Adjusted EBITDA as presented in the table above also represents the amount defined as "EBITDA" under the indenture governing the Senior Notes.

Reconciliation of Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Enpro Inc. to Total Adjusted Segment EBITDA

The reconciliation of income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to total adjusted segment EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 is included in “—Results of Operations."

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected our consolidated financial condition and operating results during the periods included in the accompanying audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, included elsewhere in this annual report.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) and releases issued by the SEC. The words “may,” “hope,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” and other expressions which are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our shareholders, and we therefore make forward-looking statements in reliance upon the safe harbor provisions of the Act. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control, and our actual results may differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A of this annual report, entitled “Risk Factors” and in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Whenever you read or hear any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributed to us or any person acting on our behalf, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

In our discussion of our outlook and results of operations, we utilize financial measures that have not been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). They include adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc., adjusted diluted earnings per share attributable to Enpro Inc. continuing operations, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("adjusted EBITDA"), and total adjusted segment EBITDA. Tables showing the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures, other than total adjusted segment EBITDA, to the comparable GAAP measures are included in "—Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to the Comparable GAAP Measures," while the reconciliation of total adjusted segment EBITDA is included in "—Results of Operations."

We believe non-GAAP metrics are commonly used financial measures for investors to evaluate our operating performance and, when read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, present a useful tool to evaluate our ongoing operations and performance from period to period. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are some of the factors we use in internal evaluations of the overall performance of our businesses. We acknowledge that there are many items that impact our reported results and the adjustments reflected in these non-GAAP measures are not intended to present all items that may have impacted these results. In addition, the non-GAAP measures we use are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Overview

Overview. Enpro is a leading-edge industrial technology company focused on critical applications across a diverse group of growing end markets such as semiconductor, industrial process, commercial vehicle, sustainable power generation, aerospace, food and pharmaceuticals, photonics, and life sciences. We have 13 primary manufacturing and service facilities located in 6 countries, including the United States. Enpro is a leader in applied engineering and designs, develops, manufactures, and markets proprietary, value-added products and solutions that safeguard a variety of critical environments.

Over the past several years, we have executed several strategic initiatives to focus the portfolio of businesses where we offer proprietary, industrial technology-related products and solutions with high barriers to entry, compelling margins, strong cash flow, and perpetual recurring/aftermarket revenue in markets with favorable secular tailwinds.

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We manage our business as two segments: a Sealing Technologies segment and an Advanced Surface Technologies segment.

Our Sealing Technologies segment engineers and manufactures value-added products and solutions that safeguard a variety of critical environments, including: metallic, non-metallic and composite material gaskets; dynamic seals; compression packing; elastomeric components; custom-engineered mechanical seals used in diverse applications; hydraulic components; test, measurement and sensing applications; sanitary gaskets; hoses and fittings for hygienic process industries; fluid transfer products for the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries; and commercial vehicle solutions used in wheel-end and suspension components that customers rely upon to ensure safety on our roadways.

These products are used in a variety of markets, including chemical and petrochemical processing, nuclear energy, hydrogen, natural gas, food and biopharmaceutical processing, primary metal manufacturing, mining, water and waste treatment, commercial vehicle, aerospace (including commercial space), medical, filtration and semiconductor fabrication. In all these industries, the performance and durability of our proprietary products and solutions are vital for the safety and environmental protection of our customers’ processes. Many of our products and solutions are used in highly demanding applications, often in harsh environments, where the cost of failure is extremely high relative to the cost of our offerings to our customers. These environments include those where extreme temperatures, extreme pressures, corrosive agents, strict tolerances, or worn equipment create challenges for product performance. Sealing Technologies offers customers widely recognized applied engineering, innovation, process know- how and enduring reliability, driving a lasting aftermarket for many of our products and solutions.

Our Advanced Surface Technologies (AST) segment applies proprietary technologies, processes, and capabilities to deliver a highly differentiated suite of products and solutions for challenging applications in high-growth markets. The segment’s products and solutions are used in demanding environments requiring performance, precision and repeatability, with a low tolerance for failure. AST’s products and solutions include: (i) cleaning, coating, testing, refurbishment and verification for critical components and assemblies used in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, with meaningful exposures to state-of-the-art advanced node chip applications; (ii) designing, manufacturing and selling specialized optical filters and proprietary thin-film coatings for the most challenging applications in the industrial technology, life sciences, and semiconductor markets; (iii) engineering and manufacturing complex front-end wafer processing sub-systems and new and refurbished electrostatic chuck pedestals for the semiconductor equipment industry; and (iv) engineering and manufacturing edge-welded metal bellows for the semiconductor equipment industry and critical applications in the space, aerospace and defense markets. In many instances, AST capabilities drive products and solutions that enable the performance of our customers’ high-value processes through an entire life cycle..

Acquisitions

On December 28, 2023, our direct, wholly owned subsidiary, EnPro Holdings, Inc. ("EnPro Holdings"), entered into an agreement to acquire Advanced Micro Instruments, Inc. (“AMI”), for $210 million in cash, subject to customary purchase price adjustments related to the final acquisition date net working capital determination. AMI is a leading provider of highly-engineered, application-specific analyzers and sensing technologies that monitor critical parameters to maintain infrastructure integrity, enable process efficiency, enhance safety, and facilitate the clean energy transition.

The acquisition closed on January 29, 2024 and thus the assets and operating results of AMI are not included in our 2023 consolidated financial statements. (see Note 21 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K for information on this subsequent event). AMI's financial results will be included as part of our Sealing Technologies segment beginning January 29, 2024.

Based in Costa Mesa, California, AMI serves customers in the midstream natural gas, biogas, industrial processing, cryogenics, food processing, laboratory, wastewater and aerospace markets. AMI offers a portfolio of oxygen, hydrogen sulfide and moisture analyzers and proprietary sensing capabilities that detect contaminants in a variety of processes, including natural gas and biogas streams, which enable operators to avoid flaring and, thereby, reduce CO2 emissions.

On December 17, 2021, EnPro Holdings acquired all issued and outstanding membership interests of TCFII NxEdge LLC (“NxEdge”). The consideration paid by EnPro Holdings was $853.9 million in cash, net of cash acquired, subject to customary purchase price adjustments related to the final acquisition date net working capital determination. We funded the acquisition of NxEdge with available cash and borrowings under our senior credit facilities.

NxEdge is an advanced manufacturing, cleaning, coating, and refurbishment business focused on the semiconductor value chain, with six main facilities located in Idaho and California. Since the date of its acquisition, NxEdge has been included as part of the Company’s Advanced Surface Technologies segment.

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On October 26, 2020, a subsidiary of Enpro formed for this purpose (the "Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary") acquired all of the equity securities of Alluxa, Inc. ("Alluxa"), a privately held, California-based company. Alluxa is an industrial technology company that provides specialized optical filters and thin-film coatings for the most challenging applications in the industrial technology, life sciences, and semiconductor markets. Alluxa's products are developed through a proprietary coating process using state-of-the-art advanced equipment. Alluxa is included as part of the Advanced Surface Technologies segment.

Alluxa works in collaboration with customers across major end markets to provide customized, complex precision coating solutions through its specialized technology platform and proprietary processes. Alluxa has long-standing customer relationships across its diversified customer base, serving customers across the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Founded in 2007, Alluxa has two locations in California and is headquartered in Santa Rosa, California.

In connection with the completion of the transaction, we entered into a limited liability operating agreement with respect to the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary in connection with the rollover transaction, with three equity owners of Alluxa, who were also executives of Alluxa, receiving approximately 7% of the equity interests of the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary in return for their contribution of the rollover shares of Alluxa. In the first quarter of 2024, we acquired all of these equity interests in the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary for $17.9 million and became the sole owner of Alluxa.

In September 2019, Lunar Investment LLC ("Lunar"), a subsidiary of Enpro, acquired all of the equity securities of LeanTeq Co, LTD. and its affiliate LeanTeq LLC (collectively referred to as "LeanTeq"). As part of the transaction, two of the equity owners of LeanTeq, who were executives of the acquired entity (the "LeanTeq Executives"), acquired approximately a 10% ownership share of Lunar in the form of rollover equity. Founded in 2011 and headquartered in Taoyuan City, Taiwan, LeanTeq has two locations in Taiwan and one in the United States (Silicon Valley). LeanTeq primarily provides refurbishment solutions for critical components and assemblies used in state-of-the-art semiconductor manufacturing equipment. This equipment is used to produce technologically advanced microchips for smartphones, autonomous vehicles, high-speed wireless connectivity, artificial intelligence, and other leading-edge applications. LeanTeq partners closely with original equipment manufacturers throughout the development and production lifecycle to achieve Process of Record qualifications, enabling long-term, recurring aftermarket revenue. Aftermarket refurbishment solutions have historically represented approximately 65% of LeanTeq's total sales. LeanTeq’s suite of solutions includes cleaning, coating, analytical testing, inspection and verification, kit assembly, failure analysis, and other value-added solutions. LeanTeq is included as part of our Advanced Surface Technologies segment. During the fourth quarter of 2022, Enpro acquired all the equity securities of Lunar owned by the LeanTeq Executives for an anticipated $42.8 million and became the sole owner of LeanTeq. As a result of this purchase transaction, $35.0 million of our Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests was reclassified as a liability. We paid $41.9 million in December 2022, which was the minimum purchase price for these equity securities, of which $7.8 million eliminated our outstanding deferred compensation liability and $34.1 million reduced the liability attributable to the redeemable non-controlling interest acquisition. As a result of the financial performance of LeanTeq in November 2023, we will make a final $1.1 million payment to the LeanTeq Executives in the first quarter of 2024. We have recorded this payment as a liability included in accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023.

Discontinued Operations

During the third quarter of 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our GGB business and announced our intention to sell Garlock Pipeline Technologies, Inc. ("GPT"). These businesses, along with Compressor Products International ("CPI"), which was divested on December 21, 2021, comprised our entire Engineered Materials segment ("Engineered Materials"). As a result of classifying the GGB and GPT businesses as held for sale in the third quarter of 2022, we determined Engineered Materials to be a discontinued operation.

On January 30, 2023 we completed the sale of GPT. In 2023, we received $28.9 million, net of transaction fees and cash sold, resulting in a pretax gain of $14.6 million recognized in the first quarter of 2023.

The sale of GGB closed on November 4, 2022 to The Timken Company. We received $298.2 million, net of transaction fees and cash sold, including $3.1 million of payments made in Q1 of 2023. We recorded a pre-tax gain of $189.1 million as part of our discontinued operations in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The sale of GGB included a subsidiary of our Sealing Technologies segment which is not part of the discontinued operations described above. The results of operations of this subsidiary are included in continuing operations for all periods being reported. As a result of this sale, we recorded a $0.4 million loss in the fourth quarter of 2022 in other expense in our consolidated statement of operations.

On October 12, 2021, we entered into an Equity and Asset Purchase Agreement providing for the sale of specified equity interests and assets of CPI. The sale closed on December 21, 2021 and we recorded a pretax gain of $117.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 as a result of this transaction.

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Unless otherwise indicated, amounts presented in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations pertain to continuing operations only (see Note 20 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K for information on discontinued operations and the related disposition of those operations)

Other Dispositions

On September 2, 2021, we sold certain assets and liabilities of our polymer components business unit, which was principally located in Houston, Texas and had been included in our Sealing Technologies segment. As a result of the sale, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $19.5 million in other income (expense) on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Global Sales

Please refer to Item 1, "Business-Background" for information with respect to our sales by geographic region in 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Highlights

Financial highlights for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

1 Reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their respective GAAP measure are located in "— Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measure to the Comparable GAAP Measure" at the end of this section.

2 Reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their respective GAAP measure are located in " — Results of Operations".

Sales decreased 3.6% in 2023, with weakness in the semiconductor industry as the primary driver. Sealing Technologies sales increased 5.5%, driven by strategic pricing and sales optimization initiatives, along with strong demand in nuclear energy, aerospace, space and commercial vehicle markets. AST sales were down 15.7% as the semiconductor industry cycled downward during 2023.

We remain committed to our strategy to create long-term shareholder value with disciplined investments driving organic growth and innovation, strategic acquisitions, and returning capital to shareholders. In connection with our growth strategy, we regularly evaluate acquisitions that will broaden our capabilities and expand our market positions. Our portfolio presents technology leadership, compelling profitability, high cash flow return on investment, with favorable secular tailwinds.

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Results of Operations

We measure segment operating performance based on segment earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and other selected items ("Adjusted Segment EBITDA" or "Segment AEBITDA"), which is segment revenue reduced by operating expenses and other costs identifiable with the segment, excluding acquisition and divestiture expenses, restructuring costs, impairment charges, non-controlling interest compensation, amortization of the fair value adjustment to acquisition date inventory, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted Segment EBITDA is not defined under GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies. Corporate expenses include general corporate administrative costs. Expenses not directly attributable to the segments, corporate expenses, net interest expense, gains and losses related to the sale of assets, and income taxes are not included in the computation of Adjusted Segment EBITDA. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those for Enpro.

Non-controlling interest compensation allocation represents compensation expense associated with a portion of the rollover equity from the acquisitions of LeanTeq and Alluxa that was subject to reduction for certain types of employment terminations of the sellers. This expense was recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and is directly related to the terms of the acquisitions. We acquired all of the LeanTeq non-controlling interests in the fourth quarter of 2022 and all of the Alluxa non-controlling interests in the first quarter of 2024.

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Other income (expense), net in the table above contains all items included in other (operating) expense and other income (expense) on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ending December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 with the exception of $4.0 million, $1.9 million, and $2.4 million, respectively, of segment restructuring costs and $1.0 million, $1.1 million and $0.1 million of corporate restructuring costs in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, other income (expense), net in the table above for the years ending December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 also includes $1.6 million, $(1.8) million, and $3.4 million, respectively, of miscellaneous expenses (credits) that are either not associated with a particular segment or not considered part of administering the corporate headquarters. These expenses are included in selling, general and administrative expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

2023 Compared to 2022

Sales of $1,059.3 million in 2023 decreased 3.6% from $1,099.2 million in 2022. The following table summarizes the impact of acquisitions, divestitures, and foreign currency on sales by segment:

Following is a discussion of operating results for each segment during 2023 compared to 2022:

Sealing Technologies. Sales of $658.4 million in 2023 reflect a 5.5% increase compared to $624.3 million in 2022. Excluding favorable foreign exchange translation ($3.1 million) on our 2023 sales and the sales from businesses that have since been divested ($4.1 million) from 2022 results, sales were up 5.7% or $35.1 million. This increase was primarily driven by sales price actions partially offset by lower sales volume. The sales volume decline in food and pharmaceuticals, commercial vehicle OEM, and general industrial was greater than the sales volume increase in aerospace and power generation.

Segment AEBITDA of $192.3 million in 2023 increased 20.9% from $159.1 million in 2022. Segment AEBITDA margin increased from 25.5% in 2022 to 29.2% in 2023. Excluding the favorable foreign exchange translation ($1.6 million) from 2023 results and the Segment AEBITDA earned from businesses that have since been divested ($1.9 million) from 2022 results, Adjusted Segment EBITDA increased 21.3%, or $33.5 million. The increase in Segment AEBITDA was driven primarily by pricing gains ($41.2 million) and favorable sales mix ($2.2 million), partially offset by increase in labor and overhead costs ($5.3 million), decreased sales volume ($4.0 million), foreign exchange transaction related costs ($0.3 million), and higher segment selling, general, and administrative costs ($0.3 million).

Advanced Surface Technologies. Sales of $401.2 million in 2023 reflect a 15.7% decrease compared to $476.1 million in 2022. Excluding the unfavorable foreign exchange translation ($2.6 million) from 2023 results, sales were down (15.2)% or $(72.3) million. This decrease was driven primarily by the slowdown in the global semiconductor industry.

Segment AEBITDA of $95.5 million in 2023 decreased 32.5% from $141.5 million in 2022. Segment AEBITDA margin decreased from 29.7% in 2022 to 23.8% in 2023. Excluding the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange translation ($1.6 million) from 2023 results, Segment AEBITDA was down 31.4% or $44.4 million. The decrease in Adjusted Segment EBITDA was driven primarily by lower volumes ($37.4 million), higher labor costs ($5.2 million), and a higher level of start-up expenses for LeanTeq's new production site in Arizona.

Corporate expenses for 2023 increased $2.5 million as compared to 2022. The increase was driven primarily by an increase in share-price-based long-term incentive compensation expenses ($5.5 million) as a result of our strong share price performance during 2023, partially offset by lower annual incentive compensation expense ($2.3 million) and decreased consulting related professional fees ($0.7 million).

Interest expense, net in 2023 decreased by $3.8 million as compared to 2022 primarily due to higher interest income earned on cash and short-term investment balances and the impact of lower average outstanding debt due to the repayment of Term Loan A-1 of $133.1 million on July 26, 2023, offset in part by higher interest rates on our variable rate term loan debt and lower receipts as a result of settling one of our cross currency swap agreements in 2022.

Other income (expense), net in 2023 increased by $2.3 million as compared to 2022, primarily due to higher non-service pension related costs ($5.1 million), decreased year-over-year foreign exchange gains ($4.8 million), and increased costs related to divested businesses ($1.4 million), partially offset by an asbestos receivable write-down in the prior-year period ($2.8

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million), decreased foreign exchange losses related to an intercompany note denominated in Euros ($1.6 million), lower environmental-related costs ($2.2 million), prior-year warranty costs related to a disposed product line ($0.7 million), a loss on the sale of a business in the prior year-period ($0.6 million), and a decrease in charges related to the reversal of a receivable related to an amount due from the sellers of Aseptic for uncertain tax positions that have passed the statute of limitations ($0.9 million). An offsetting decrease in expense was recorded for the release of the corresponding liability for the uncertain tax position and is reflected as a reduction in tax expense.

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $30.8 million in 2023 and $24.4 million in 2022. The effective tax rates for 2023 and 2022 were 81.6% and 86.2% respectively. The higher effective tax rate for both years was primarily driven by goodwill impairment, which is not deductible for income taxes, the foreign rate differential related to certain foreign earnings that were subject to higher tax rates, and releasing valuation allowances on certain tax attributes. In 2023, we had an increased tax expense relative to 2022, primarily driven by higher pre-tax earnings and the net impact of a legal entity restructuring.

Goodwill impairment expense of $60.8 million and $65.2 million was incurred in 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the Alluxa reporting unit. No goodwill impairment expense was incurred in 2021.

Income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. was $10.8 million, or $0.52 per share, in 2023 compared to income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. of $6.7 million, or $0.32 per share, in 2022.

2022 Compared to 2021

For a comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2021, see "Part II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023.

Restructuring and Other Costs

We incurred $5.0 million, $3.0 million and $2.5 million of restructuring and impairment costs during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, in 2023 and 2022, we incurred goodwill impairment charges of $60.8 million and $65.2 million, respectively, related to the Alluxa reporting unit. No goodwill impairment expense was incurred in 2021.

Of the restructuring and impairment costs incurred in 2023 and 2022, we incurred $4.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, of restructuring costs related to the reorganization of sites and functions, primarily in the United States and $0.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of non-cash impairment charges of long-lived assets. Workforce reductions associated with our restructuring activities in 2023 and 2022 totaled 72 and 25 administrative and manufacturing positions, respectively.

During 2021, we conducted a number of restructuring activities throughout our operations which mostly comprised of targeted workforce reductions. All costs associated with such initiatives were incurred in 2021. Workforce reductions associated with our restructuring activities totaled 36 administrative and manufacturing positions.

Please see the "Overview" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash requirements for, but not limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and debt repayments have been funded from cash balances on hand, revolver borrowings and cash generated from operations. We are proactively pursuing acquisition opportunities. Should we need additional capital, we have resources available, which are discussed in this section under the heading “Capital Resources.”

As of December 31, 2023, we held $214.1 million of cash and cash equivalents in the United States and $155.7 million of cash outside of the United States. The acquisition of AMI on January 29, 2024 for $210 million was funded with cash available in the United States. If the funds held outside the United States were needed for our operations in the U.S., we have several methods to repatriate such funds without significant adverse tax effects, including repayment of intercompany loans, distributions subject to a 100-percent dividends-received deduction for income tax purposes, or distributions of previously-taxed earnings.

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Because of the transition tax, GILTI, and Subpart F provisions, undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries totaling $251.0 million at December 31, 2022 have been subjected to U.S. income tax or are eligible for the 100-percent dividends-received deduction under Section 245A of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") provided in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Additionally, undistributed earnings are estimated to be $179.5 million as of December 31, 2023. Whether through the application of the 100-percent dividends received deduction, or distribution of these previously-taxed earnings, we do not intend to distribute foreign earnings that will be subject to any significant incremental U.S. or foreign tax. During 2023, we repatriated $72.6 million of earnings from our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in only $0.4 million of withholding taxes net of refunds to be received. We have determined that estimating any tax liability on our investment in foreign subsidiaries is not practicable. Therefore, we have not recorded any deferred tax liability on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

Cash Flows

Operating activities of continuing operations provided cash in the amount of $208.4 million, $106.1 million and $124.1 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in operating cash flows in 2023 versus 2022 was primarily attributable to less income tax payments, net of refunds ($63.6 million) and improvements in net working capital. Higher tax payments in 2022 were the result of high proceeds from our divestiture of discontinued operations. The decrease in operating cash flow in 2022 versus 2021 was primarily attributable to increased income tax payments ($74.4 million) primarily related a refund from the IRS received in 2021 as a result of the conclusion of an audit of our 2014 through 2017 U.S. federal income tax returns and higher tax payments related to the divestiture of discontinued operations. These increases were partially offset higher sales volume.

Investing activities of continuing operations used $7.4 million in 2023, provided $268.6 million in 2022, and used $647.4 million of cash in 2021. Investing activities in 2023 used cash primarily for investments in property, plant, and equipment ($33.9 million), partially offset by proceeds of the sale of businesses, principally the sale of GPT ($25.9 million). Investing activities in 2022 provided cash from the sale of businesses ($301.9 million), primarily the sale of GGB, and the settlement of derivative contracts ($27.4 million). This was partially offset by the payments for acquisitions, driven by the acquisition of the equity interests in LeanTeq held by the LeanTeq Executives ($31.2 million) and investments in property, plant and equipment ($29.4 million). The cash used in 2021 was primarily the result of the acquisition of NxEdge ($856.8 million), partially offset by proceeds from the divestiture of CPI and other businesses during the year ($224.3 million).

Financing activities of continuing operations used $170.9 million in cash in 2023, primarily attributable to payments on our Term Loan Facilities, including the complete repayment of our Term Loan A-1 Facility, as defined and discussed below, ($144.9 million) and by dividend payments ($24.3 million). Financing activities of continuing operations provided $368.0 million in 2022 primarily attributable to a net payment our Revolving Credit Facility, as defined below, and Term Loan Facilities ($337.0 million) and by dividend payments ($23.4 million). Financing activities provided $618.2 million in 2021, primarily attributable to a net draw on our revolving credit facility ($175.0 million), new Term Loan Facilities, as discussed below, ($465.0 million), and issuance of common stock ($10.0 million), partially offset by dividend payments ($22.4 million) and principal payments to our existing Term Loan A-1 Facility ($3.8 million).

Capital Resources

Senior Secured Credit Facility. On December 17, 2021, we entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) dated as of December 17, 2021 among the Company and EnPro Holdings, as borrowers, certain of our foreign subsidiaries are from time to time party thereto, as designated borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. The Amended Credit Agreement amends, restates and replaces the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 28, 2018, as amended, among the Company and EnPro Holdings as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer.

The Amended Credit Agreement provides for credit facilities in the initial aggregate principal amount of $1,007.5 million, consisting of a five-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of $400.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), a $142.5 million senior secured term loan facility in replacement of the our existing senior secured term loan facility, maturing September 25, 2024 (the “Term Loan A-1 Facility”), a five-year, senior secured term loan facility of $315.0 million (the “Term Loan A-2 Facility”) and a 364-day, senior secured term loan facility of $150.0 million (the “364-Day Facility” and together with the Term Loan A-1 Facility and the Term Loan A-2 Facility, the "Term Loan Facilities”, which together with the Revolving Credit Facility are referred to as the "Facilities"). The Amended Credit Agreement also provides that we may seek incremental term loans and/or additional revolving credit commitments in an amount equal to the greater of $275.0 million and 100% of consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended four-quarter period for which we have reported financial results, plus additional amounts based on a consolidated senior secured leverage ratio. The Amended Credit Agreement became effective on December 17, 2021.

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Borrowings under the 364-Day Facility bore interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus 1.50% or base rate plus 0.50%. Initially, borrowings under the Facilities (other than the 364-Day Facility) bore interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus 1.75% or base rate plus 0.75%, although these interest rates were subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio. On November 8, 2022, we entered into a First Amendment to the Amended Credit Agreement, which replaced the LIBOR-based interest rate option with an option based on Term SOFR ("Secured Overnight Financing Rate") plus (i) a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% and (ii) 1.75%, again subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, a commitment fee accrues with respect to the unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility at an annual rate of 0.225%, which rate is also subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio.

The Term Loan A-1 Facility amortized on a quarterly basis in an annual amount equal to 2.50% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A-1 Facility ($150.0 million) in year one after the closing, 5.00% of such original principal amount in year two and 1.25% of such original principal amount in each of the first three quarters of year three, with the remaining outstanding principal amount payable at maturity. The Term Loan A-2 Facility amortizes on a quarterly basis in an annual amount equal to 2.5% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A-2 Facility in each of years one through three, 5.0% of such original principal amount in year four and 1.25% of such original principal amount in each of the first three quarters of year five, with the remaining outstanding principal amount payable at maturity. The 364-Day Facility did not amortize and was repaid in full in the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The Facilities are subject to prepayment with the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales not reinvested in acquisitions within a specified period, casualty or condemnation events, and non-permitted debt issuances. On July 21, 2023, we entered into a waiver agreement under Amended Credit Agreement that waived the requirement to prepay the Facilities with remaining excess net cash proceeds related to the sale of GGB and GPT that had not been reinvested in operating assets within 365 days from the date of the sale. In conjunction with this waiver, on July 26, 2023, we voluntarily prepaid all outstanding borrowings and accrued and unpaid interest under the Term Loan A-1 Facility (a remaining principal balance of $133.1 million and accrued interest of $0.6 million). After taking into account the repayment of borrowings under the Term Loan A-1 Facility noted above, forecasted capital expenditures, and other applicable expenditures, we expect to meet all reinvestment requirements under the indenture related to the excess net cash proceeds from the sales of GGB and GPT. There is no prepayment penalty for a full or partial repayment of the Facilities at any time.

The Company and EnPro Holdings are the permitted borrowers under the Facilities.  We have the ability to add wholly owned foreign subsidiaries as borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility.  Each of our domestic, consolidated subsidiaries (other than any subsidiaries that may be designated as "unrestricted" by the Company from time to time an inactive subsidiaries) is required to guarantee the obligations of the borrowers under the Facilities, and each of our existing domestic, consolidated subsidiaries (other than inactive subsidiaries) has entered into the Amended Credit Agreement to provide such a guarantee.

Borrowings under the Facilities are secured by a first-priority pledge of the following assets:

•100% of the capital stock of each domestic subsidiary of the Company (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries);

•65% of the capital stock of any first tier foreign subsidiary of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries); and

•substantially all of the assets (including, without limitation, machinery and equipment, inventory and other goods, accounts receivable, bank accounts, general intangibles, financial assets, investment property, license rights, patents, trademarks, trade names, copyrights, chattel paper, insurance proceeds, contract rights, hedge agreements, documents, instruments, indemnification rights, tax refunds and cash, but excluding real estate interests) of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries).

The Amended Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants and required financial ratios, including:

•a maximum consolidated total net leverage ratio of not more than 4.75 to 1.0 (with total debt, for the purposes of such ratio, to be net of up to $150 million of unrestricted cash of Enpro Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries), which ratio will decrease to 4.5 to 1.0 for each fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022 and ending with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022, and to 4.0 to 1.0 for each quarter thereafter; and, once so decreased, may be increased (up to three times) at the borrowers' option to not more than 4.5 to 1.0 for the for-quarter period following a significant acquisition; and

•a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of at least 2.5 to 1.0.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants (subject, in each case, to customary exceptions and qualifications), including covenants that limit our ability to, among other things:

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•grant liens on our assets;

•incur additional indebtedness (including guarantees and other contingent obligations);

•make certain investments (including loans and advances);

•merge or make other fundamental changes;

•sell or otherwise dispose of property or assets;

•pay dividends and other distributions and prepay certain indebtedness;

•make changes in the nature of our business;

•enter into transactions with our affiliates;

•enter into burdensome contracts; and

•modify or terminate documents related to certain indebtedness.

We were in compliance with all covenants of the Amended Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2023. The borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2023 was $390 million after giving consideration to $10.0 million of outstanding letters of credit. The balance of our outstanding Term Loan A-2 Facility at December 31, 2023 was $299.3 million.

Senior Notes. On October 17, 2018, we completed the offering of $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.75% senior notes due 2026 (the "Senior Notes") and applied the net proceeds of that offering, together with borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, to redeem on October 31, 2018 the full $450 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 5.875% senior notes due 2022.

The Senior Notes were issued to investors at 100% of the principal amount thereof. The Senior Notes are unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Enpro and mature on October 15, 2026. Interest on the Senior Notes accrues at a rate of 5.75% per annum and is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing April 15, 2019. The Senior Notes are required to be guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of Enpro’s existing and future direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries that is a borrower under, or guarantees, our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility or guarantees any other Capital Markets Indebtedness (as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes) of Enpro or any of the guarantors.

Commencing on October 15, 2021, we may, on any one or more occasions, redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes at specified redemption prices plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem a portion of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes before October 15, 2021 with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a specified redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. Prior to October 15, 2021, we could redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the redemption date, plus a “make whole” premium.

Each holder of the Senior Notes may require us to repurchase some or all of the Senior Notes held by such holder for cash upon the occurrence of a defined “change of control” event. Our ability to redeem the Senior Notes prior to maturity is subject to certain conditions, including in certain cases the payment of make-whole amounts.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes requires us to apply the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales not reinvested in acquisitions, capital expenditures, or used to repay or otherwise reduce specified indebtedness within a specified period, to the extent the remaining net proceeds exceed a specified amount, to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest.

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Contractual Obligations

A summary of our contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2023, is as follows:

The payments for long-term debt shown in the table above reflect the contractual principal amount for the Senior Notes and term loans under our Amended Credit Agreement. In our Consolidated Balance Sheet, these amounts are shown net of a debt discount of $3.3 million. Additional discussion regarding the Senior Notes and Amended Credit Agreement is included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Capital Resources,” and in Note 11, "Debt," to the consolidated financial statements. The interest on debt represents the contractual interest coupon. It does not include the debt discount accretion, which also is a component of interest expense.

The estimated payments of environmental liabilities is based on information currently known to us. However, it is possible that these estimates will vary from actual results and it is possible that these estimates may be updated if new information becomes available in the future or if there are changes in the facts and circumstances related to these liabilities. Additional discussion regarding these liabilities is included earlier in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in “Contingencies – Environmental" and "Contingencies – Crucible Steel Corporation a/k/a Crucible, Inc.,” and in Note 19, "Commitments and Contingencies," to the consolidated financial statements.

The table does not include obligations under our pension plans, which is included in Note 14, "Pension," to the consolidated financial statements.

Share Repurchase Program

In October 2022, our board of directors renewed their authorization for a new two-year program of up to $50.0 million for the repurchase of our outstanding common shares. We have not made any repurchases for the three-year period ended December 31, 2023.

Dividends

On January 13, 2015, our board of directors adopted a policy under which it intends to declare regular quarterly cash dividends on Enpro’s common stock, with the determination of whether to declare a dividend and the amount being considered each quarter, after taking into account our cash flow, earnings, cash position, financial position and other relevant matters. In 2021, our board declared a dividend of $0.27 per share in each quarter, in 2022, our board declared a dividend of $0.28 per share in each quarter, and in 2023 our board declared a dividend of $0.29 per share in each quarter. On February 15, 2024 we announced that our board of directors had increased the quarterly dividend to $0.30 per share, commencing with the dividend to be paid on March 20, 2024 to all shareholders of record as of March 6, 2024. Each of the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes includes covenants restricting the payment of dividends, but includes a basket permitting the payment of cash dividends of up to $50.0 million per year under the Credit Agreement and $60.0 million per year under the indenture governing the Senior Notes. Other baskets may be available under that the agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility and the indenture governing the Senior Notes to permit the payment of dividends in excess of the respective basket amount.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures pertaining to contingent assets and liabilities. Note 1, “Overview, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements describes

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the significant accounting policies used to prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements and recently issued accounting guidance. On an ongoing basis we evaluate our estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, income taxes, warranty obligations, restructuring, pensions, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

We believe the following accounting estimates are the most critical. Some of them involve significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is subject to annual impairment testing that is conducted each calendar year in the fourth quarter. Our annual impairment testing for all of our intangible assets is November 1 of each year.

The goodwill asset impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Interim tests during the year may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change (a "triggering event") that in management's judgement would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its’ carrying amount.

To estimate the fair value of our five reporting units, we use both a discounted cash flow and a market valuation approach. The discounted cash flow approach uses cash flow projections and a discount rate to calculate the fair value of each reporting unit while the market approach relies on market multiples of similar companies. The key assumptions used for the discounted cash flow approach include projected revenues and profit margins, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, and the discount and tax rates. For the market approach, we select a group of peer companies that we believe are best representative of each reporting unit. We used a 75% weighting for the discounted cash flow valuation approach and a 25% weighting for the market valuation approach, reflecting our belief that the discounted cash flow valuation approach is a better indicator of a reporting unit's value since it reflects the specific cash flows anticipated to be generated in the future by the business.

At the time of our annual test as of November 1, 2022, our updated forecast and projections based upon our annual projection and analysis indicated that the carrying value of the Alluxa reporting unit exceeded fair value by $65.2 million which has been recognized as an impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2022. This was primarily driven by the increase in discount rate from 12.0% as of November 1, 2021 to 14.6% as of November 1, 2022. In the second quarter of 2023, we determined the lower than previously projected actual and forecasted financial performance of our Alluxa reporting unit to be a triggering event for an interim goodwill impairment test. We determined the carrying value of our Alluxa reporting unit to exceed its fair value and, as a result, we impaired the remaining $60.8 million of goodwill related to Alluxa. Our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 reflects no goodwill related to Alluxa.

The fair value of our semiconductor reporting unit, included in the Advanced Surface Technologies segment, exceeded carrying value by approximately 20% as of November 1, 2023. The carrying value of the Semiconductor reporting unit as of December 31, 2023 includes $532.2 million of goodwill. In the second quarter of 2023, we determined the lower than previously projected actual and forecasted financial performance of our Semiconductor reporting unit to be a triggering event for an interim goodwill impairment test. We determined the fair value exceeded the carrying value as of June 30, 2023. Our Semiconductor reporting unit's value increased from our interim test as of June 30, 2023 due to further progression in our growth initiatives for the reporting unit. We considered the sensitivity of the valuation of our Semiconductor reporting unit to adverse changes in our projected cash flows under three separate alternative scenarios. First, with a 5% reduction in forecasted sales used in our valuation model, we estimate the fair value of the Semiconductor reporting unit would exceed its carrying value by approximately 12%. Second, with a 1% increase in the discount rate as of November 1, 2023 we estimate our fair value of the Semiconductor reporting unit would exceed its carrying value by approximately 9%. For the third scenario, the combination of a 1% increase in discount rate and 5% reduction in forecasted sales would result in the fair value of our Semiconductor reporting unit approximating the carrying value. All annual and interim impairment tests of goodwill for the Semiconductor reporting unit performed during the 3-years ended December 31, 2023 indicated there was no impairment of goodwill for the Semiconductor reporting unit.

The fair value of the three reporting units of our Sealing Technologies segment all exceeded their respective carrying values by more than 75% as of November 1, 2023. Our annual impairment test of the goodwill for the three reporting units of our Sealing Technologies segment as of November 1, 2022 and 2021 indicated no impairment.

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Annual assessments are conducted in the context of information that was reasonably available to us as of the date of the assessment including our best estimates of future sales volumes and prices; material and labor cost and availability; operational efficiency including the impact of projected capital asset additions, and the discount rates and tax rates. We will perform our next annual goodwill impairment tests as of November 1, 2024; or earlier, if adverse changes in circumstances result in our assessment that a triggering event has occurred at any of our reporting units and an interim test is required.

Other intangible assets are recorded at cost or, when acquired as a part of a business combination, at estimated fair value. These assets include customer relationships, patents and other technology-related assets, trademarks, licenses, and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets that have definite lives are amortized using a method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed or the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 1 to 21 years. Intangible assets with indefinite lives, which consist primarily of trade names, are subject to at least annual impairment testing, which was conducted as of November 1 in 2023, 2022 and 2021. The impairment testing compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying amount using the relief from royalty method. The testing completed as of November 1, 2023, 2022 and 2021, indicated no impairment. Interim tests may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying value or change the useful life of the asset.

Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management, and it is reasonably likely that assumptions and estimates will change in future periods. These changes could result in future impairments. For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview” as well as Notes 1 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Environmental

Although we believe past operations were in substantial compliance with the then applicable regulations, we or one or more of our subsidiaries are involved with various remediation activities or an investigation to determine responsibility for environmental conditions at 19 sites.

Our policy is to accrue environmental investigation and remediation costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In general, due to uncertainties regarding, among other factors, changes to operating and monitoring requirements based on the ongoing performance of the remediation system and/or changes to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, we do not consider costs for remediation activities beyond five years to be reasonably estimable. To the extent that capital costs to be incurred more than five years out, such as costs for the construction or decommissioning of remediation systems, can be reasonable estimated such costs are included in our environmental reserves. For sites with multiple future projected cost scenarios for identified feasible investigation and remediation options where no one estimate is more likely than all the others, our policy is to accrue the lowest estimate among the range of estimates. The measurement of our liability is based on an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual situation and takes into consideration factors such as existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations and prior experience in the remediation of similar contaminated sites. Liabilities are established for all sites based on these factors. As assessments and remediation progress at individual sites, these liabilities are reviewed and adjusted to reflect additional technical data and legal information. Given the uncertainties regarding the status of laws, regulations, enforcement policies, the impact of other parties potentially being fully or partially liable, technology and information related to individual sites, we do not believe it is possible to develop an estimate of the range of reasonably possible environmental loss in excess of our recorded liabilities.

We believe that our accruals for specific environmental liabilities are adequate based on currently available information. Based upon limited information regarding any incremental remediation or other actions that may be required at these sites, we cannot estimate any further loss or a reasonably possible range of loss related to these matters. Actual costs to be incurred in future periods may vary from estimates because of the inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures due to unknown and changing conditions, changing government regulations and legal standards regarding liability.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Temporary differences arising between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its carrying amount on the Consolidated Balance Sheet are used to calculate future income tax assets or liabilities. This method also requires the recognition of deferred tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances are recorded as appropriate to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount considered likely to be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income (losses) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment of the change. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if we believe it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on its technical merits. If the recognition threshold for the tax position is met, only the portion of the tax benefit that

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we believe is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized is recorded. Our future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, statute expirations, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements, changes in tax laws, changes in projected levels of taxable income, future tax planning strategies, or other relevant events.

OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project - Pillar 2

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) has introduced a framework to implement a global minimum corporate tax of 15%, referred to as Pillar Two. While it is uncertain whether the U.S. will enact legislation to adopt Pillar 2, certain countries in which we operate have adopted legislation, and other countries are in the process of introducing legislation to implement Pillar 2, which is to be effective for tax years beginning in 2024. Based on the currently issued guidance by the OECD we do not expect Pillar 2 to have a material impact on our effective tax rate in the year of adoption or in subsequent years. As the OECD continues to release additional guidance and countries implement legislation, we are monitoring developments and evaluating the impacts these new rules will have on our tax rate, including eligibility to qualify for safe harbor rules.

Impact of Pending Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, "Overview, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance," to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting guidance that we have not yet adopted.

Contingencies

A description of our contingencies is included in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

On October 17, 2018, we completed the offering of the Senior Notes. The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, unsubordinated, joint and several basis by our existing and future wholly owned direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries, that are each guarantors of our Revolving Credit Facility, including subsidiaries that were wholly owned at the time they provided the guarantee but thereafter became majority owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”).  The Guarantor Subsidiaries at December 31, 2023 comprise all of our consolidated domestic subsidiaries at that date. Our subsidiaries organized outside of the United States, (collectively, the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) do not guarantee the Senior Notes.

The Guarantor Subsidiaries jointly and severally guarantee on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis the performance and punctual payment when due, whether at stated maturity of the Senior Notes, by acceleration or otherwise, all of our obligations under the Senior Notes and the indenture governing the Senior Notes (the “Indenture”), whether for payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Senior Notes, expenses, indemnification or otherwise (all such obligations guaranteed by the Guarantor Subsidiaries are referred to as the “Guaranteed Obligations”). The Guarantor Subsidiaries have jointly and severally agreed to pay, in addition to the obligations stated above, any and all expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the trustee (the “Trustee”) under the Indenture in enforcing any rights under their guarantees of the Guaranteed Obligations.

Each guarantee of a Guarantor Subsidiary is limited to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed by it without rendering the guarantee, as it relates to such Guarantor Subsidiary, voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. Each guarantee of a Guarantor Subsidiary is a continuing guarantee and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the Trustee, the holders of the Senior Notes and their successors, transferees and assigns and, subject to the provisions described in the following sentence, remains in full force and effect until payment in full of all of the Guaranteed Obligations of such Guarantor Subsidiary and is binding upon such Guarantor Subsidiary and its successors. A guarantee of the Senior Notes by a Guarantor Subsidiary is subject to release in the following circumstances: (i) the sale, disposition, exchange or other transfer (including through merger, consolidation, amalgamation or otherwise) of the capital stock of the subsidiary made in a manner not in violation of the Indenture; (ii) the designation of the subsidiary as an “Unrestricted Subsidiary” under the Indenture; (iii) the legal defeasance or covenant defeasance of the Senior Notes in accordance with the terms of the Indenture; or (iv) the subsidiary ceasing to be our subsidiary as a result of any foreclosure of any pledge or security interest securing our Revolving Credit Facility or other exercise of remedies in respect thereof.

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The following tables present summarized financial information for Enpro Inc. (the "Parent") and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis after intercompany eliminations.

The summarized results of operations information for the year ended December 31, 2023 was as follows:

Of the $11.4 million reported in income from discontinued operations, net of taxes, $11.2 million related to gain on the sale of discontinued operations recognized by a subsidiary that is guarantor of the Senior Notes and the remaining $0.2 million related to the operations of former subsidiary guarantors of the Senior Notes included in discontinued operations. All discontinued operations were divested by March 31, 2023 and are no longer guarantors of the Senior Notes.

The summarized balance sheet information at December 31, 2023 was as follows:

The table above reflects $9.6 million of current intercompany receivables due to the Guarantor Subsidiaries from the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and $8.6 million of current intercompany payables due to the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries from the Guarantor Subsidiaries within current assets and liabilities held and used.

The Senior Notes are structurally subordinated to the indebtedness and other liabilities of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. The Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay any amounts due pursuant to the Senior Notes or the Indenture, or to make any funds available therefor, whether by dividends, loans, distributions or other payments. Any right that the Company or the Guarantor Subsidiaries have to receive any assets of any of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries upon the liquidation or reorganization of any Non-Guarantor Subsidiary, and the consequent rights of holders of Senior Notes to realize proceeds from the sale of any of a Non-Guarantor Subsidiary’s assets, would be effectively subordinated to the claims of such Non-Guarantor Subsidiary’s creditors, including trade creditors and holders of preferred equity interests, if any, of such Non-Guarantor Subsidiary. Accordingly, in the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of any of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries will pay the holders of their debts, holders of preferred equity interests, if any, and their trade creditors before they will be able to distribute any of their assets to the Company or any Guarantor Subsidiaries.

If a Guarantor Subsidiary were to become a debtor in a case under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code or encounter other financial difficulty, under federal or state fraudulent transfer or conveyance law, a court may avoid, subordinate or otherwise decline to enforce its guarantee of the Senior Notes. A court might do so if it is found that when such Guarantor Subsidiary entered into its

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guarantee of the Senior Notes, or in some states when payments became due under the Senior Notes, such Guarantor Subsidiary received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration and either:

•was insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of such incurrence;

•was left with unreasonably small or otherwise inadequate capital to conduct our business; or

•believed or reasonably should have believed that it would incur debts beyond its ability to pay.

The court might also avoid the guarantee of the Senior Notes without regard to the above factors, if the court found that the Guarantor Subsidiary entered into its guarantee with actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud our creditors.

A court would likely find that a Guarantor Subsidiary did not receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for its guarantee of the Senior Notes, if such Guarantor Subsidiary did not substantially benefit directly or indirectly from the funding made available by the issuance of the Senior Notes. If a court were to avoid a guarantee of the Senior Notes provided by a Guarantor Subsidiary, holders of the Senior Notes would no longer have any claim against such Guarantor Subsidiary. The measures of insolvency for purposes of these fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws will vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding to determine whether a fraudulent transfer or conveyance has occurred, such that we cannot predict what standards a court would use to determine whether or not a Guarantor Subsidiary was solvent at the relevant time or, regardless of the standard that a court uses, that the guarantee of a Guarantor Subsidiary would not be subordinated to such Guarantor Subsidiary’s other debt. As noted above, each guarantee provided by a Guarantor Subsidiary includes a provision intended to limit the Guarantor Subsidiary’s liability to the maximum amount that it could incur without causing the incurrence of obligations under its guarantee to be a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. This provision may not be effective to protect those guarantees from being avoided under fraudulent transfer or conveyance law, or it may reduce that Guarantor Subsidiary’s obligation to an amount that effectively makes its guarantee worthless, and we cannot predict whether a court will ultimately find it to be effective.

On the basis of historical financial information, operating history and other factors, we believe that each of the Guarantor Subsidiaries, after giving effect to the issuance of its guarantee of the Senior Notes when such guarantee was issued, was not insolvent, did not have unreasonably small capital for the business in which it engaged and did not and has not incurred debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature. We cannot assure you, however, as to what standard a court would apply in making these determinations or that a court would agree with our conclusions in this regard.

Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to the Comparable GAAP Measures

Reconciliation of Adjusted Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Enpro Inc.

We believe that it would be helpful to the readers of the financial statements to understand the impact of certain selected items on our reported income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. and diluted earnings per share attributable to Enpro Inc. continuing operations, including items that may recur from time to time. The items adjusted for in these non-GAAP financial measures are those that are excluded by management in budgeting or projecting for performance in future periods, as they typically relate to events specific to the period in which they occur. Accordingly, these are some of the factors the company uses in internal evaluations of the overall performance of its businesses. In addition, management believes these non-GAAP financial measures are commonly used financial measures for investors to evaluate the company’s operating performance and, when read in conjunction with the company’s consolidated financial statements, present a useful tool to evaluate the company’s ongoing operations and performance from period to period. Management acknowledges that there are many items that impact a company’s reported results and the adjustments reflected in these non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to present all items that may have impacted these results. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

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A reconciliation of (i) income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc., including on a per share basis, and (ii) income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

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Adjustments in the tables above only reflect amounts attributable to Enpro Inc.

1 Non-controlling interest compensation allocation represents compensation expense associated with a portion of the rollover equity from the acquisitions of LeanTeq and Alluxa that was subject to reduction for certain types of employment terminations of the LeanTeq and Alluxa sellers and is directly related to the terms of the respective acquisition. We acquired all of the LeanTeq non-controlling interests in the fourth quarter of 2022 and all of the Alluxa non-controlling interests in the first quarter of 2024.

2 In connection with the acquisition of Aseptic in 2019, we recognized a liability for uncertain tax positions and a related indemnification asset for the portion of that liability recoverable from the seller. We determined the statute of limitations expired on some of the uncertain tax positions in 2021 and 2022 and, accordingly, removed a portion of the liability and receivable. The release of the related liability was recorded as part of our tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022 and the reversal of the related receivable was recorded as an expense in other non-operating income (expense) on our consolidated statement of operations.

3In connection with the sale of GGB, accounted for as a discontinued operation, in the fourth quarter of 2022, we issued an intercompany note between a domestic and foreign entity that was denominated in a foreign currency. As a result of this note, we recorded a loss due to the change in exchange rate during December 2022. In January 2023, we hedged the outstanding notes and expect future gains or losses to be minimal.

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4 Other adjustments are included in selling, general, and administrative, cost of sales, and other operating expenses on the consolidated statement of operations.

5Adjusted diluted earnings per share.

The adjusted income tax expense presented above is calculated using a normalized company-wide effective tax rate excluding discrete items of 25.0% for 2023, 27.0% for 2022, and 30.0% for 2021. Per share amounts were calculated by dividing by the weighted-average shares of diluted common stock outstanding during the periods.

Reconciliation of Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Enpro Inc. to Adjusted EBITDA

1 Non-controlling interest compensation allocation represents compensation expense associated with a portion of the rollover equity from the acquisitions of LeanTeq and Alluxa that was subject to reduction for certain types of employment terminations of the LeanTeq Executives and the Alluxa Executives and is directly related to the terms of the respective acquisition. We acquired all of the LeanTeq non-controlling interests in the fourth quarter of 2022 and all of the Alluxa non-controlling interests in the first quarter of 2024.

2 In connection with the acquisition of Aseptic in 2019, we recognized a liability for uncertain tax positions and a related indemnification asset for the portion of that liability recoverable from the seller. We determined the statute of limitations expired on some of the uncertain tax positions in 2021 and, accordingly, removed a portion of the liability and receivable. The release of the related liability was recorded as part of our tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the reversal of the related receivable was recorded as an expense in other non-operating income (expense) on our consolidated statement of operations.

3In connection with the sale of GGB, accounted for as a discontinued operation, in the fourth quarter of 2022, we issued an intercompany note between a domestic and foreign entity that was denominated in a foreign currency. As a result of this

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note, we recorded a loss due to the change in exchange rate during December 2022. In January 2023, we hedged the outstanding notes and expect future gains or losses to be minimal.

Adjusted EBITDA as presented in the table above also represents the amount defined as "EBITDA" under the indenture governing the Senior Notes.

Reconciliation of Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Enpro Inc. to Total Adjusted Segment EBITDA

The reconciliation of income from continuing operations attributable to Enpro Inc. to total adjusted segment EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is included in “—Results of Operations."

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors that have affected our consolidated financial condition and operating results during the periods included in the accompanying audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, included elsewhere in this annual report.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) and releases issued by the SEC. The words “may,” “hope,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” and other expressions which are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our shareholders, and we therefore make forward-looking statements in reliance upon the safe harbor provisions of the Act. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control, and our actual results may differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A of this annual report, entitled “Risk Factors.” We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Whenever you read or hear any subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributed to us or any person acting on our behalf, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

In our discussion of our outlook and results of operations, we utilize financial measures that have not been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). They include adjusted income from continuing operations attributable to EnPro Industries, Inc., adjusted diluted earnings per share attributable to EnPro Industries, Inc. continuing operations, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization ("adjusted EBITDA"), and total adjusted segment EBITDA. Tables showing the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures, other than total adjusted segment EBITDA, to the comparable GAAP measures are included in "—Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures to the Comparable GAAP Measures," while the reconciliation of total adjusted segment EBITDA is included in "—Results of Operations."

We believe non-GAAP metrics are commonly used financial measures for investors to evaluate our operating performance and, when read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, present a useful tool to evaluate our ongoing operations and performance from period to period. In addition, these non-GAAP measures are some of the factors we use in internal evaluations of the overall performance of our businesses. We acknowledge that there are many items that impact our reported results and the adjustments reflected in these non-GAAP measures are not intended to present all items that may have impacted these results. In addition, the non-GAAP measures we use are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

Overview

Overview. We are a leading-edge industrial technology company focused on critical applications across a diverse group of growing end markets such as semiconductor, photonics, industrial process, aerospace, food, biopharma and life sciences. We have 13 primary manufacturing and service facilities located in 6 countries, including the United States. EnPro is a leader in applied engineering and designs, develops, manufactures, and markets proprietary, value-added products and solutions that safeguard a variety of critical environments.

Over the past several years, we have executed several strategic initiatives to focus the portfolio of businesses where we offer proprietary, industrial technology-related products and solutions with high barriers to entry, compelling margins, strong cash flow, and perpetual recurring/aftermarket revenue in markets with favorable secular tailwinds.

We manage our business as two segments: a Sealing Technologies segment and an Advanced Surface Technologies segment.

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Our Sealing Technologies segment designs and manufactures value-added products and solutions that safeguard a variety of critical environments, including: metallic, non-metallic and composite material gaskets, dynamic seals, compression packing, resilient metal seals, elastomeric seals, custom-engineered mechanical seals for applications in the aerospace industry and other markets, hydraulic components, expansion joints, sanitary gaskets, hoses and fittings for the hygienic process industries, fluid transfer products for the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, and heavy-duty commercial vehicle parts used in wheel-end and suspension components that customers rely upon to ensure safety on our roadways. These products are used in a variety of markets, including chemical and petrochemical processing, nuclear energy, food and biopharmaceutical processing, primary metal manufacturing, mining, water and waste treatment, heavy-duty trucking, aerospace, medical, filtration and semiconductor fabrication. In all of these industries, performance and durability of our proprietary products and solutions are vital for the safety and environmental protection of our customers processes. Many of our products and solutions are used in highly demanding applications and often in incredibly harsh environments, e.g., where extreme temperatures, extreme pressures, corrosive environments, strict tolerances, and/or worn equipment create challenges for product performance. Sealing Technologies offers customers widely recognized applied engineering, innovation, process know how and enduring reliability, driving a lasting aftermarket for many of our solutions.

Our Advanced Surface Technologies (AST) segment applies proprietary technologies, processes, and capabilities to deliver a highly differentiated suite of products and solutions for the most challenging applications in high growth markets. The segment’s products and solutions are used in highly demanding environments requiring performance, precision and repeatability, with a low tolerance for failure. The segment’s solutions include cleaning, coating, testing, refurbishment and verification for critical components and assemblies used in state-of-the-art advanced node semiconductor manufacturing equipment. It designs, manufactures and sells specialized optical filters and proprietary thin-film coatings for the most challenging applications in the industrial technology, life sciences, and semiconductor markets and complex front-end wafer processing sub-systems, new and refurbished electrostatic chuck pedestals, and edge-welded metal bellows for the semiconductor equipment industry and for critical applications in the space, aerospace and defense markets. In many instances, AST capabilities drive solutions that enable the maintenance of our customers’ processes through an entire life cycle.

Acquisitions

On December 17, 2021, our direct, wholly owned subsidiary, EnPro Holdings, Inc. (“EnPro Holdings”), acquired all issued and outstanding membership interests of TCFII NxEdge LLC (“NxEdge”). The consideration paid by EnPro Holdings was $853.9 million in cash, net of cash acquired, subject to customary purchase price adjustments related to the final acquisition date net working capital determination. We funded the acquisition of NxEdge with available cash and borrowings under our senior credit facilities.

NxEdge is an advanced manufacturing, cleaning, coating, and refurbishment business focused on the semiconductor value chain, with six main facilities located in Idaho and California. Since the date of its acquisition, NxEdge has been included as part of the Company’s Advanced Surface Technologies segment.

On October 26, 2020, a subsidiary of EnPro formed for this purpose (the "Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary") acquired all of the equity securities of Alluxa, Inc. ("Alluxa"), a privately held, California-based company. Alluxa is an industrial technology company that provides specialized optical filters and thin-film coatings for the most challenging applications in the industrial technology, life sciences, and semiconductor markets. Alluxa's products are developed through a proprietary coating process using state-of-the-art advanced equipment. Alluxa is included as part of the Advanced Surface Technologies segment.

Alluxa works in collaboration with customers across major end markets to provide customized, complex precision coating solutions through its specialized technology platform and proprietary processes. Alluxa has long-standing customer relationships across its diversified customer base, serving customers across the Americas, Europe, and Asia. Founded in 2007, Alluxa has two locations in California and is headquartered in Santa Rosa, California.

The cash purchase price of Alluxa was $238.4 million, net of cash acquired. We funded the purchase with available cash and rollover equity from Alluxa executives. In connection with the completion of the transaction, we entered into a limited liability operating agreement with respect to the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary in connection with the rollover transaction, with three equity owners of Alluxa, who were also executives of Alluxa (the "Alluxa Executives"), receiving approximately 7% of the equity interests of the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary in return for their contribution of the rollover shares of Alluxa.

In connection with the consummation of the Alluxa acquisition, the Alluxa Executives entered into a limited liability operating agreement (the “Alluxa LLC Agreement”) with respect to Alluxa Subsidiary. Under the LLC Agreement, the Alluxa Executives have certain governance and information rights with respect to the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary and are subject to transfer restrictions with respect to their equity interests in the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary. Each Alluxa Executive also has the right to sell to the Company, and the Company has the right to purchase from each Alluxa Executive (collectively, the “Alluxa Put and Call Rights”), one-third of the Alluxa Executive’s equity interests in Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary during

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each of three exercise periods commencing on January 1 and ending on June 30 of each of 2024, 2025 and 2026, with any amount not sold or purchased in a prior exercise period being carried forward to the subsequent exercise periods (although for one Alluxa Executive who transitioned to a consulting role on January 1, 2023, the full amount of his equity interests are subject to the Company’s right to purchase on June 30, 2024, with two-thirds of the equity interests purchasable at the fixed value of the equity interests as set forth in the Alluxa LLC Agreement). The Alluxa LLC Agreement also provides for the purchase by the Company of all of an Alluxa Executive’s equity interests in the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary in connection with the termination of employment of the Alluxa Executive under specified circumstances, with payments in certain circumstances to be made in annual installments. In connection with a Alluxa Executive’s death, disability, or incapacity at any time prior to December 31, 2023 or a separation from employment for cause, including the Alluxa Executive’s breach of the non-competition and non-solicitation agreement, or a voluntary separation from employment without good reason, the consideration payable under the Alluxa LLC Agreement in connection with any such purchase by the Company of an Alluxa Executive’s equity interests in the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary is equal to the fixed value of the equity interests as set forth in the Alluxa LLC Agreement. In all other cases, including upon any exercise of the Alluxa Put and Call Rights, the consideration payable under the Alluxa LLC Agreement in connection with any such purchase by the Company of an Alluxa Executive’s equity interests in the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary is equal to the greater of the fixed value of the equity interests as set forth in the Alluxa LLC Agreement or a price based upon a multiple of twelve-month adjusted EBITDA based upon certain financial metrics of the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary, plus cash and less indebtedness of the Alluxa Acquisition Subsidiary prior to the relevant payment, and subject to certain adjustments dependent upon the circumstances of the purchase and sale.

In September 2019, Lunar Investment LLC ("Lunar"), a subsidiary of EnPro, acquired all of the equity securities of LeanTeq Co, LTD. and its affiliate LeanTeq LLC (collectively referred to as "LeanTeq"). As part of the transaction, two of the equity owners of LeanTeq, who were executives of the acquired entity (the "LeanTeq Executives"), acquired approximately a 10% ownership share of Lunar in the form of rollover equity. Founded in 2011 and headquartered in Taoyuan City, Taiwan, LeanTeq has two locations in Taiwan and one in the United States (Silicon Valley). LeanTeq primarily provides refurbishment solutions for critical components and assemblies used in state-of-the-art semiconductor manufacturing equipment. This equipment is used to produce technologically advanced microchips for smartphones, autonomous vehicles, high-speed wireless connectivity, artificial intelligence, and other leading-edge applications. LeanTeq partners closely with original equipment manufacturers throughout the development and production lifecycle to achieve Process of Record qualifications, enabling long-term, recurring aftermarket revenue. Aftermarket refurbishment solutions have historically represented approximately 65% of LeanTeq's total sales. LeanTeq’s suite of solutions includes cleaning, coating, analytical testing, inspection and verification, kit assembly, failure analysis, and other value-added solutions. LeanTeq is included as part of our Advanced Surface Technologies segment. During the fourth quarter of 2022, EnPro acquired all the equity securities of Lunar owned by the LeanTeq Executives for an anticipated $42.8 million and became the sole owner of LeanTeq. As a result of this purchase transaction, $35.0 million of our Redeemable Non-Controlling Interests was reclassified as a liability. We paid $41.9 million in December 2022, which was the minimum purchase price for these equity securities, of which $7.8 million eliminated our outstanding deferred compensation liability and $34.1 million reduced the liability attributable to the redeemable non-controlling interest acquisition. We anticipate an additional $0.8 million payment in December of 2023, subject to the financial performance of LeanTeq through November 2023. We have recorded this anticipated $0.8 million payment as a liability included in accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023.

Discontinued Operations

During the third quarter of 2022, we entered into an agreement to sell our GGB business and announced our intention to sell Garlock Pipeline Technologies, Inc. (GPT). These businesses, along with Compressor Products International (CPI), which was divested on December 21, 2021, comprised our entire Engineered Materials segment ("Engineered Materials"). As a result of classifying the GGB and GPT businesses as held for sale in the third quarter of 2022, we determined Engineered Materials to be a discontinued operation.

The sale of GGB closed on November 4, 2022 to The Timken Company for total proceeds of $305 million, subject to closing date purchase price adjustments. The pre-tax gain on the disposition of GGB recognized in the fourth quarter of 2022 was $189.1 million.

The sale of GGB included a subsidiary of our Sealing Technologies segment which is not part of the discontinued operations described above. The results of operations of this subsidiary are included in continuing operations for all periods being reported. As a result of this sale, we recorded a $0.4 million loss in the fourth quarter of 2022 in other expense in our consolidated statement of operations.

During January 2023 we completed the sale of our GPT business for approximately $31 million resulting in a pretax gain of approximately $14 million to be recorded in the first quarter of 2023. Net cash proceeds after selling expenses was approximately $28 million.

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On October 12, 2021, we entered into an Equity and Asset Purchase Agreement providing for the sale of specified equity interests and assets of CPI. The sale closed on December 21, 2021 and we recorded a pretax gain of $117.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2021 as a result of this transaction.

On December 12, 2019, certain of our subsidiaries entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Arcline FM Holdings, LLC (“Arcline FM Holdings”), an affiliate of Arcline Investment Management, LP, pursuant to which we sold all of the outstanding equity interests in our indirect subsidiary, Fairbanks Morse, LLC (“Fairbanks Morse”), to Arcline FM Holdings and caused one of our subsidiaries to sell certain related Canadian assets to an affiliate of Arcline FM Holdings, for an aggregate sales price of $450 million. This divestiture transaction was completed on January 21, 2020. Fairbanks Morse manufactured heavy-duty, medium-speed reciprocating engines used primarily in marine and power generation applications and comprised our entire Power Systems segment. In light of the entry into the definitive agreement in December 2019 to divest Fairbanks Morse, we classified the Power Systems segment as a discontinued operation in the fourth quarter of 2019. We recorded a pretax gain of $274.3 million in the first quarter of 2020 as a result of this transaction.

Unless otherwise indicated, amounts presented in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations pertain to continuing operations only (see Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K for information on discontinued operations and the related disposition of those operations)

Other Dispositions

On September 2, 2021, we sold certain assets and liabilities of our polymer components business unit, which was principally located in Houston, Texas and had been included in our Sealing Technologies segment. As a result of the sale, we recorded a pre-tax gain of $19.5 million in other income (expense) on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

On December 31, 2020, we sold the shares of Technetics Group UK Limited ("Technetics Group UK"), a manufacturer of elastomeric components primarily for use in the aerospace industry, which had been included in our Sealing Technologies segment, for a nominal cash purchase price. As part of the agreement with the buyer, we delivered to the buyer £148,000 of cash to fund value added tax ("VAT") payments due for VAT liabilities already incurred and £50,000 for working capital. We incurred a loss upon the sale of approximately £976,000 ($1.3 million).

On November 20, 2020, we completed the sale of the Air Springs portion of our heavy-duty trucking business for $23.1 million in cash, net of an estimated working capital adjustment and fees, and a long-term promissory note with a fair-value of $6.4 million (face value of $7.5 million). As part of the agreement with the buyer, we retained the U.S. accounts receivable for the business, which created a large working capital adjustment at closing. The amount of retained accounts receivable in the U.S. was approximately $8.6 million. We recorded a $0.1 million non-cash loss on sale of this business, which had been included in our Sealing Technologies Segment, in the fourth quarter of 2020. Upon the resolution of all remaining open items, we recorded an additional loss of $2.1 million in the first quarter of 2021.

In August of 2020, subsequent to announcing the exit of our Motor Wheel® brake drum and Crewson® brake adjuster brands in the second quarter of 2020, we identified a buyer and entered into a definitive agreement to sell the assets related to the businesses. On September 2, 2020, we completed the sale for $8.9 million, net of transaction fees. This transaction resulted in a $3.1 million loss on sale of the business in other non-operating expense on our consolidated statements of operations, composed of a $3.0 million non-cash loss on the sale of assets and a $0.1 million loss in other expenses. Prior to finding a buyer of the brands, we determined the assets were impaired and recorded restructuring and impairment charges of $7.4 million in other operating expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. Total losses on the exit of our Motor Wheel® brake drum and Crewson® brake adjuster brands, which had been recorded in our Sealing Technologies segment, recorded in 2020 were $10.5 million.

In the second quarter of 2020 we entered into an agreement to sell the Lunar® air disc brake business located in both the U.S. and in Shanghai, China. The sale of the U.S. assets of the business closed in the third quarter of 2020 for $0.3 million, resulting in a gain of $0.2 million recorded in non-operating income on our consolidated statement of operations. The sale of the Lunar® manufacturing facility located in Shanghai, China closed in the fourth quarter of 2020 for $0.9 million, resulting in no gain or loss. Prior to closing on the sale of the business, we determined the assets to be impaired and recorded a $2.1 million impairment charge, of which $1.6 million was related to impairment of long-lived assets and $0.5 million related to the impairment of inventory. The impairment of long-lived assets was recorded in other operating expense and the impairment of inventory was recorded in cost of sales on our consolidated statement of operations. Total net loss related to the exit of the Lunar® air disc brake business, which had been included in our Sealing Technologies segment, was $1.9 million.

The Air Springs portion of our heavy-duty truck business, Motor Wheel® brake drum and Crewson® brake adjuster brands, and Lunar® air disc brake business had been included in our Sealing Technologies segment.

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We review the carrying amounts of long-lived assets when certain events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable.  In 2020, sales declines by businesses utilizing two of the indefinite-lived trademarks within our Sealing Technologies segment were determined to be triggering events for an impairment analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, we recorded a $16.1 million impairment of indefinite-lived trademarks in the third quarter.

COVID-19 Impacts

The COVID-19 pandemic could have an adverse impact on our business and consolidated financial results during 2023 and we are unable to determine the extent, duration, or nature at this time. The intensity, duration and governmental responses to the pandemic, as well as the pace of vaccination efforts and the emergence of new variants of the virus that cause COVID-19, are all highly uncertain and could contribute to the ultimate impact on our business which is conducted globally. Our customers are principally global manufacturers and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on general economic conditions, and more deleterious effects in certain regions or on certain markets have had and may continue to have negative implications on demand for their goods and consequently on their demand for our products and services. Due to the scope of our operations, and our sale to customers around the world, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and the demand for our products and solutions may not coincide with impacts experienced in the United States in the event that the impacts in the United States continue to improve over time due to increased vaccinations or improved medical treatments. Accordingly, to the extent that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States may improve over time, we may continue to be adversely affected by COVID-19 impacts in other areas of the world.

Global Sales

Please refer to Item 1, "Business-Background" for information with respect to our sales by geographic region in 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Highlights

Financial highlights for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

1 Reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their respective GAAP measure are located in "— Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measure to the Comparable GAAP Measure" at the end of this section.

2 Reconciliation of these non-GAAP measures to their respective GAAP measure are located in " — Results of Operations".

We experienced strong demand across most of our businesses throughout 2022. Our performance was driven primarily by the acquisition of NxEdge in December 2021 as well as from the benefits of portfolio reshaping within our Stemco business.

We remain committed to our strategy to create long-term shareholder value through earnings growth and balanced capital allocation. We remain focused on disciplined investments for organic growth and innovation, strategic acquisitions, and returning capital to shareholders. In connection with our growth strategy, we will continue to evaluate making additional acquisitions to take advantage of opportunities that arise continuing to focus our portfolio on businesses with compelling margins, leading technology, high cash flow return on investment, and favorable secular tailwinds. In October 2022, our board of directors authorized a two-year program of up to $50.0 million for the repurchase of our common shares. We have not made

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any repurchases under this authorization. In February 2023, our board of directors approved an increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.29 per share, from $0.28, representing our eighth consecutive year of dividend increases.

Results of Operations

We measure segment operating performance based on segment earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and other selected items ("Adjusted Segment EBITDA" or "Segment AEBITDA"), which is segment revenue reduced by operating expenses and other costs identifiable with the segment, excluding acquisition and divestiture expenses, restructuring costs, impairment charges, non-controlling interest compensation, amortization of the fair value adjustment to acquisition date inventory, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted Segment EBITDA is not defined under GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies. Corporate expenses include general corporate administrative costs. Expenses not directly attributable to the segments, corporate expenses, net interest expense, gains and losses related to the sale of assets, and income taxes are not included in the computation of Adjusted Segment EBITDA. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those for EnPro.

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Non-controlling interest compensation allocation represents compensation expense associated with a portion of the rollover equity from the acquisitions of LeanTeq and Alluxa that was and is subject to reduction for certain types of employment terminations of the sellers. This expense is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and is directly related to the terms of the acquisitions. This expense will continue to be recognized as compensation expense over the term of the put and call options associated Alluxa unless certain employment terminations have occurred. In the fourth quarter of 2022, EnPro acquired all of the LeanTeq non-controlling interests.

Other income (expense), net in the table above contains all items included in other (operating) expense and other income (expense) on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ending December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 with the exception of $1.9 million, $2.4 million, and $9.9 million, respectively, of segment restructuring costs and $1.1 million and $0.1 million of corporate restructuring costs in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, other income (expense), net in the table above for the years ending December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 also includes $(1.8) million, $3.4 million, and $5.5 million, respectively, of miscellaneous expenses that are either not associated with a particular segment or not considered part of administering the corporate headquarters. These expenses are included in selling, general and administrative expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

2022 Compared to 2021

Sales of $1,099.2 million in 2022 increased 30.8% from $840.4 million in 2021. The following table summarizes the impact of acquisitions, divestitures, and foreign currency on sales by segment:

Following are the key effects of acquisitions and divestitures on sales for 2022 compared to 2021:

•Divestiture of Garlock India (Sealing Technologies) in November 2022

•Acquisition of NxEdge (Advanced Surface Technologies) in December 2021

•Divestiture of the polymer components business unit (Sealing Technologies), which was principally located in Houston, in September 2021

Following is a discussion of operating results for each segment during 2022 compared to 2021:

Sealing Technologies. Sales of $624.3 million in 2022 reflect a 4.1% increase compared to $599.8 million in 2021. Excluding unfavorable foreign exchange translation ($19.2 million) on our 2022 sales and the sales from businesses that have since been divested ($27.5 million) from 2021 results, sales were up 12.4% or $71.2 million. This increase was driven by sales price actions and strong demand in food and pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, heavy-duty truck, and aerospace markets.

Segment AEBITDA of $159.1 million in 2022 increased 12.1% from $141.9 million in 2021. Segment AEBITDA margin increased from 23.7% in 2021 to 25.5% in 2022. Excluding the unfavorable foreign exchange translation ($5.1 million) and the Segment AEBITDA earned from businesses that have since been divested ($5.6 million) from 2021 results, Adjusted Segment EBITDA increased 20.4%, or $27.8 million. The increase in Segment AEBITDA was driven primarily by higher pricing ($43.1 million), increased sales volume, net of unfavorable product mixes ($9.1 million), and decreased incentive compensation ($0.9 million) and foreign exchange transaction related costs ($0.5 million), partially offset by increased manufacturing costs driven by higher material prices and labor costs ($21.8 million) and higher segment selling, general, and administrative costs ($4.0 million).

Advanced Surface Technologies. Sales of $476.1 million in 2022 reflect a 92.5% increase compared to $247.3 million in 2021. Excluding the unfavorable foreign exchange translation ($4.7 million) and the sales from a recent acquisition ($189.7 million) from 2022 results, sales were up 17.7% or $43.8 million. This increase was driven primarily by stronger demand in the semiconductor market.

Segment AEBITDA of $141.5 million in 2022 increased 93.3% from $73.2 million in 2021. Segment AEBITDA margin increased from 29.6% in 2021 to 29.7% in 2022. Excluding the impact of Segment AEBITDA from acquisitions ($58.8 million)

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and the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange translation ($2.5 million), Segment AEBITDA was up 16.4% or $12.0 million. The increase in Adjusted Segment EBITDA was driven primarily by increased sales volume, net of unfavorable product mixes ($17.1 million), increased pricing ($9.1 million), and decreased foreign exchange transaction related costs ($2.4 million), partially offset by increased manufacturing costs as a result of higher material costs ($11.1 million) and increased selling, general, and administrative costs ($5.5 million).

Corporate expenses for 2022 decreased $17.9 million as compared to 2021. The decrease was driven primarily by lower acquisition and divestiture costs ($14.7 million) and decreased medical and consulting costs ($3.0 million).

Interest expense, net in 2022 increased by $20.2 million as compared to 2021, due to increased outstanding debt in 2022 as a result of indebtedness incurred to fund the NxEdge acquisition in December 2021.

Other income (expense), net in 2022 increased by $19.3 million as compared to 2021, primarily due to a year-over-year decrease in gain on sale of businesses in 2022 ($18.1 million), a decrease in pension (non-service) income ($4.9 million), foreign exchange losses related to the divestiture of GGB ($3.8 million), and an asbestos receivable adjustment ($2.8 million), partially offset by a decrease in environmental charges ($3.2 million), a decrease in miscellaneous expenses that are either not associated with a particular segment or not considered part of administering the corporate headquarters ($5.2 million), and a decrease in charges related to the reversal of a receivable related to an amount due from the sellers of Aseptic for uncertain tax positions that have passed the statute of limitations ($2.1 million). An offsetting decrease in expense was recorded for the release of the corresponding liability for the uncertain tax position and is reflected as a reduction in tax expense.

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $24.4 million in 2022 and $8.7 million in 2021. The effective tax rates for 2022 and 2021 were 86.2% and 13.4% respectively. The effective tax rate for 2022 was primarily driven by impairment of non-deductible tax goodwill, the foreign rate differential related to certain foreign earnings that were subject to higher tax rates, and establishing a valuation allowance on certain tax attributes. The effect of these items resulted in a net $19.9 million increase in income tax expense. Additionally, the effective tax rate was increased by GILTI and decreased by the release of uncertain tax positions associated with audit closures and statute expirations, resulting in a net increase to tax expense of $0.5 million.

Goodwill impairment expense of $65.2 million was incurred in 2022 related to the Alluxa reporting unit. No goodwill impairment expense was incurred in 2021.

Income from continuing operations attributable to EnPro Industries, Inc. was $6.7 million, or $0.32 per share, in 2022 compared to income from continuing operations attributable to EnPro Industries, Inc. of $56.9 million, or $2.76 per share, in 2021.

2021 Compared to 2020

Sales of $840.4 million in 2021 increased 5.1% from $800.0 million in 2020. The following table summarizes the impact of acquisitions, divestitures, and foreign currency on sales by segment:

Following are the key effects of acquisitions and divestitures on sales for 2021 compared to 2020:

Advanced Surface Technologies Acquisitions:

•NxEdge in December 2021

•Alluxa in October 2020

Sealing Technologies Divestitures:

•Polymer components business unit in September 2021

•Technetics Group UK Limited in December 2020

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•Air Springs portion of our heavy duty trucking business in November 2020

•Motorwheel® brake drum and Crewson® brake adjuster brands in September 2020

•Lunar® air disc brake business, both the U.S. and Shanghai China operations, in the second and third quarters of 2020

Following is a discussion of operating results for each segment during 2021 compared to 2020:

Sealing Technologies. Sales of $599.8 million in 2021 reflect a 5.8% decrease compared to $636.7 million in 2020. Excluding favorable foreign exchange translation ($9.6 million) on our 2021 sales and the sales from businesses that have since been divested ($114.5 million) from 2020 results, sales were up 13.0% or $68.0 million. This increase was driven by increased demand in food and pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, and heavy-duty truck, partially offset by decline in demand in the aerospace market.

Segment AEBITDA of $141.4 million in 2021 increased 7.9% from $131.0 million in 2020. Segment AEBITDA margin increased from 20.6% in 2020 to 23.6% in 2021. Excluding the favorable foreign exchange translation ($2.5 million) and the Segment AEBITDA earned from businesses that have since been divested ($14.7 million) from 2020 results, Adjusted Segment EBITDA increased 19.4%, or $22.6 million. The increase in Segment AEBITDA was driven by increased sales volume, net of unfavorable product mixes driven by lower margin sales in our heavy-duty trucking business as we saw higher sales to original equipment manufacturers ($21.3 million), increased pricing ($11.9 million), and lower travel-related expense ($0.7 million), partially offset by increased manufacturing costs driven by higher material prices ($6.0 million), higher incentive compensation ($1.2 million), and increased segment selling, general, and administrative costs ($4.3 million).

Advanced Surface Technologies. Sales of $247.3 million in 2021 reflect a 44.5% increase compared to $171.2 million in 2020. Excluding the favorable foreign exchange translation ($2.5 million) and the sales from a recent acquisition ($37.0 million) from 2021 results, sales were up 21.4% or $36.6 million. This increase was driven primarily by stronger demand in the semiconductor market.

Segment AEBITDA of $73.2 million in 2021 increased 55.4% from $47.1 million in 2020. Segment AEBITDA margin increased from 27.5% in 2020 to 29.6% in 2021. Excluding the impact of Segment AEBITDA from acquisitions ($17.9 million) and the favorable impact of foreign exchange translation ($1.4 million), Segment AEBITDA was up 14.4% or $6.8 million. The increase in Adjusted Segment EBITDA was driven by increased sales including a more favorable product mix in our Technetics Semi business ($12.5 million), and increased pricing ($1.3 million), partially offset by increased manufacturing costs as a result of sales growth ($4.4 million), increased incentive compensation costs ($1.1 million), and increased selling, general, and administrative costs ($1.5 million).

Corporate expenses for 2021 increased $23.5 million as compared to 2020. The increase was driven primarily by higher acquisition and divestiture costs ($15.1 million) and increased incentive compensation costs ($8.4 million).

Interest expense, net in 2021 decreased by $1.2 million as compared to 2020, primarily due to a refund from the IRS, which included $1.7 million of applicable interest, as a result of the conclusion of an audit of our 2014 through 2017 U.S. federal income tax returns.

Other income (expense), net in 2021 decreased by $70.5 million as compared to 2020, due mainly to a $27.7 million decrease in environmental charges, a year-over-year increase in gain on sale of business in 2022 of $20.2 million, a $16.1 million decrease in impairment charges, a $5.4 million increase in pension (non-service) income a decrease in charges related to previously divested businesses of $1.7 million, and $2.1 million of decreased miscellaneous expenses that are either not associated with a particular segment or not considered part of administering the corporate headquarters, partially offset by a $3.0 million charge in 2021 due to the reversal of a receivable related to an amount due from the sellers of Aseptic for uncertain tax positions that have passed the statute of limitations. An offsetting decrease in expense was recorded for the release of the corresponding liability for the uncertain tax position and is reflected as a reduction in tax expense.

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $8.7 million in 2021 and income tax benefit was $2.5 million in 2020. The effective tax rates for 2021 and 2020 were 13.4% and 10.4% respectively. The effective tax rate for 2021 was primarily driven by the foreign rate differential related to earnings that were subject to higher tax rates partially offset by the release of uncertain tax positions associated with audit closures and statute expirations, the effect of these items resulted in a net $3.2 million decrease in income tax expense.

Income from continuing operations attributable to EnPro Industries, Inc. was $56.9 million, or $2.76 per share, in 2021 compared to a loss from continuing operations attributable to EnPro Industries, Inc. of $21.4 million, or ($1.05) per share, in 2020.

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Restructuring and Other Costs

We incurred $3.0 million, $2.5 million and $30.4 million of restructuring and impairment costs during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, in 2022, we incurred a goodwill impairment charge of $65.2 million related to the Alluxa reporting unit. No goodwill impairment expense was incurred in 2021 or 2020.

During 2022 we incurred restructuring costs of $1.8 million, primarily related to the reorganization of sites and functions, primarily in the United States and $1.2 million of non-cash impairment charges of long-lived assets.

During 2021, we conducted a number of restructuring activities throughout our operations, which included the exit of some smaller locations and targeted workforce reductions. Workforce reductions associated with our restructuring activities totaled 36 administrative and manufacturing positions.

In 2020 our Stemco business in our Sealing Technologies segment underwent significant restructuring and portfolio reshaping activities, including the exit of our Motorwheel® and Crewson® brake adjuster brands and our Lunar® air disc brake business.

Additionally, sales declines by business utilizing two indefinite lived trademarks within our Sealing Technologies segment were determined to be triggering events for impairment analysis and an impairment charge was taken. Substantially all costs associated with these initiatives, as well as other smaller restructuring and impairment charges, were incurred or accrued for as of December 31, 2020. Workforce reductions in 2020 associated with our restructuring activities totaled 101 administrative and manufacturing positions. Of the $30.4 million of restructuring and impairment charges taken in 2020, $7.9 million was related to severance and other cash restructuring charges while $22.4 million was related to impairments and write-downs of assets, including long-lived and indefinite-lived intangible assets, property, plant, and equipment, and inventory.

Please see the "Overview" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for further information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash requirements for, but not limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and debt repayments have been funded from cash balances on hand, revolver borrowings and cash generated from operations. We are proactively pursuing acquisition opportunities. Should we need additional capital, we have resources available, which are discussed in this section under the heading “Capital Resources.”

As of December 31, 2022, we held $187.4 million of cash and cash equivalents in the United States and $147.0 million of cash outside of the United States. If the funds held outside the United States were needed for our operations in the U.S., we have several methods to repatriate without significant tax effects, including repayment of intercompany loans, distributions subject to a 100 percent dividends-received deduction for income tax purposes, or distributions of previously-taxed earnings.

Because of the transition tax, GILTI, and Subpart F provisions, undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries totaling $225.1 million at December 31, 2021 have been subjected to U.S. income tax or are eligible for the 100 percent dividends-received deduction under Section 245A of the Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") provided in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Additional undistributed earnings are estimated to be $66.7 million as of December 31, 2022. Whether through the application of the 100 percent dividends received deduction, or distribution of these previously-taxed earnings, we do not intend to distribute foreign earnings that will be subject to any significant incremental U.S. or foreign tax. During 2022, we repatriated $298.3 million of earnings from our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in only $2.0 million of withholding taxes net of refunds to be received. We have determined that estimating any tax liability on our investment in foreign subsidiaries is not practicable. Therefore, we have not recorded any deferred tax liability on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries.

Cash Flows

Operating activities of continuing operations provided cash in the amount of $106.1 million, $124.1 million and $42.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in operating cash flows in 2022 versus 2021 was primarily attributable to increased income tax payments ($74.4 million) primarily related a refund from the IRS received in 2021 as a result of the conclusion of an audit of our 2014 through 2017 U.S. federal income tax returns and higher tax payments related to the divestiture of discontinued operations. These increases were partially offset higher sales volume. The increase in operating cash flow in 2021 versus 2020 was primarily attributable to decreased income tax payments ($60.8 million) primarily related a refund from the IRS received in 2021 as a result of the conclusion of an audit of our 2014 through 2017 U.S. federal income tax returns and higher tax payments related to the divestiture of discontinued operations in 2020.

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Investing activities of continuing operations provided $268.6 million in 2022, used $647.4 million in 2021, and provided $221.4 million of cash in 2020. Investing activities in 2022 provided cash from the sale businesses ($301.9 million), primarily the sale of GGB, and the settlement of derivative contracts ($27.4 million). This was partially offset by the payments for acquisitions, principally driven by the acquisition of the LeanTeq minority owners ($31.2 million) and investments in property, plant and equipment ($29.4 million). The cash used in 2021 was primarily the result of the acquisition of NxEdge ($856.8 million), partially offset by proceeds from the divestiture of CPI and other business during the year ($224.3 million). Cash provided by investing activities in 2020 was primarily driven by cash received from divestitures, including the sales of Fairbanks Morse, our Air Springs business and other businesses during the year ($475.1 million), partially offset by cash used in the acquisition of Alluxa ($238.3 million).

Financing activities of continuing operations used $368.0 million in cash in 2022, primarily attributable to a net payment our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan Facilities (as defined below) ($337.0 million) and by $23.4 million in dividend payments. Financing activities of continuing operations provided $618.2 million in 2021 primarily attributable to a net draw on our revolving credit facility ($175.0 million), new term loan facilities (as discussed below) ($465.0 million), and issuance of common stock ($10.0 million), partially offset by $22.4 million in dividend payments and $3.8 million in principal payments to our existing Term Loan A-1 facility (as defined below). Financing activities used $167.3 million in 2020, primarily attributable to net payments on our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan Facility (as defined below) of $138.3 million and $21.7 million in payments of dividends.

Capital Resources

Senior Secured Credit Facility. On December 17, 2021, we entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”) dated as of December 17, 2021 among the Company and EnPro Holdings, as borrowers, certain of our foreign subsidiaries are from time to time party thereto, as designated borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer. The Amended Credit Agreement amends, restates and replaces the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 28, 2018, as amended, among the Company and EnPro Holdings as borrowers, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and L/C Issuer.

The Amended Credit Agreement provides for credit facilities in the initial aggregate principal amount of $1,007.5 million, consisting of a five-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of $400.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), a $142.5 million senior secured term loan facility in replacement of the our existing senior secured term loan facility, maturing September 25, 2024 (the “Term Loan A-1 Facility”), a five-year, senior secured term loan facility of $315.0 million (the “Term Loan A-2 Facility”) and a 364-day, senior secured term loan facility of $150.0 million (the “364-Day Facility” and together with the Revolving Credit Facility, the Term Loan A-1 Facility and the Term Loan A-2 Facility, the “Facilities”). The Amended Credit Agreement also provides that we may seek incremental term loans and/or additional revolving credit commitments in an amount equal to the greater of $275.0 million and 100% of consolidated EBITDA for the most recently ended four-quarter period for which we have reported financial results, plus additional amounts based on a consolidated senior secured leverage ratio. The Amended Credit Agreement became effective on December 17, 2021.

Borrowings under the 364-Day Facility bore interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus 1.50% or base rate plus 0.50%. Initially, borrowings under the Facilities (other than the 364-Day Facility) bore interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus 1.75% or base rate plus 0.75%, although these interest rates were subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio. On November 8, 2022, we entered into a First Amendment to the Amended Credit Agreement, which replaced the LIBOR-based interest rate option with an option based on Term SOFR ("Secured Overnight Financing Rate") plus (i) a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% and (ii) 1.75%, again subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio. In addition, a commitment fee accrues with respect to the unused amount of the Revolving Credit Facility at an annual rate of 0.225%, which rate is also subject to incremental increase or decrease based on a consolidated total net leverage ratio.

The Term Loan A-1 Facility amortizes on a quarterly basis in an annual amount equal to 2.50% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A-1 Facility ($150.0 million) in year one after the closing, 5.00% of such original principal amount in year two and 1.25% of such original principal amount in each of the first three quarters of year three, with the remaining outstanding principal amount payable at maturity. The Term Loan A-2 Facility amortizes on a quarterly basis in an annual amount equal to 2.5% of the original principal amount of the Term Loan A-2 Facility in each of years one through three, 5.0% of such original principal amount in year four and 1.25% of such original principal amount in each of the first three quarters of year five, with the remaining outstanding principal amount payable at maturity. The 364-Day Facility did not amortize and was repaid in full in the quarter ended September 30, 2022. The Facilities are subject to prepayment with the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales not reinvested in acquisitions within a specified period, casualty or condemnation events, and non-permitted debt issuances. There is no prepayment penalty for a full or partial repayment of the Facilities at any time.

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The Company and EnPro Holdings are the permitted borrowers under the Facilities.  We have the ability to add wholly owned foreign subsidiaries as borrowers under the Revolving Credit Facility.  Each of our domestic, consolidated subsidiaries (other than any subsidiaries that may be designated as "unrestricted" by the Company from time to time an inactive subsidiaries) is required to guarantee the obligations of the borrowers under the Facilities, and each of our existing domestic, consolidated subsidiaries (other than inactive subsidiaries) has entered into the Amended Credit Agreement to provide such a guarantee.

Borrowings under the Facilities are secured by a first-priority pledge of the following assets:

•100% of the capital stock of each domestic subsidiary of the Company (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries);

•65% of the capital stock of any first tier foreign subsidiary of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries); and

•substantially all of the assets (including, without limitation, machinery and equipment, inventory and other goods, accounts receivable, bank accounts, general intangibles, financial assets, investment property, license rights, patents, trademarks, trade names, copyrights, chattel paper, insurance proceeds, contract rights, hedge agreements, documents, instruments, indemnification rights, tax refunds and cash, but excluding real estate interests) of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than unrestricted or inactive subsidiaries).

The Amended Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants and required financial ratios, including:

•a maximum consolidated total net leverage ratio of not more than 4.75 to 1.0 (with total debt, for the purposes of such ratio, to be net of up to $150 million of unrestricted cash of EnPro Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries), which ratio will decrease to 4.5 to 1.0 for each fiscal quarter beginning with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2022 and ending with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2022, and to 4.0 to 1.0 for each quarter thereafter; and, once so decreased, may be increased (up to three times) at the borrowers' option to not more than 4.5 to 1.0 for the for-quarter period following a significant acquisition; and

•a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio of at least 2.5 to 1.0.

The Amended Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants (subject, in each case, to customary exceptions and qualifications), including covenants that limit our ability to, among other things:

•grant liens on our assets;

•incur additional indebtedness (including guarantees and other contingent obligations);

•make certain investments (including loans and advances);

•merge or make other fundamental changes;

•sell or otherwise dispose of property or assets;

•pay dividends and other distributions and prepay certain indebtedness;

•make changes in the nature of our business;

•enter into transactions with our affiliates;

•enter into burdensome contracts; and

•modify or terminate documents related to certain indebtedness.

We were in compliance with all covenants of the Amended Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2022. The borrowing availability under our Revolving Credit Facility at December 31, 2022 was $389.2 million after giving consideration to $10.8 million of outstanding letters of credit and $0.0 million of outstanding borrowings. The balance of our outstanding Term Loan A-1 Facility and the Term Loan A-2 Facility at December 31, 2022 was $137.0 million and $307.1 million, respectively.

Senior Notes. On October 17, 2018, we completed the offering of $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.75% senior notes due 2026 (the "Senior Notes") and applied the net proceeds of that offering, together with borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, to redeem on October 31, 2018 the full $450 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 5.875% senior notes due 2022 (the "Old Notes"), of which $300 million aggregate principal amount were issued in 2014 and $150 million aggregate principal amount were issued in a follow-on offering in 2017. The Old Notes were redeemed at a price equal to 102.938% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the

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redemption date. We recorded a loss on the redemption of the Old Notes of approximately $18.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2018.

The Senior Notes were issued to investors at 100% of the principal amount thereof. The Senior Notes are unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of EnPro and mature on October 15, 2026. Interest on the Senior Notes accrues at a rate of 5.75% per annum and is payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing April 15, 2019. The Senior Notes are required to be guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by each of EnPro’s existing and future direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries that is a borrower under, or guarantees, our indebtedness under the Revolving Credit Facility or guarantees any other Capital Markets Indebtedness (as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes) of EnPro or any of the guarantors.

Commencing on October 15, 2021, we may, on any one or more occasions, redeem all or a part of the Senior Notes at specified redemption prices plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem a portion of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes before October 15, 2021 with the net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a specified redemption price plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the redemption date. Prior to October 15, 2021, we could redeem some or all of the Senior Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but not including, the redemption date, plus a “make whole” premium.

Each holder of the Senior Notes may require us to repurchase some or all of the Senior Notes held by such holder for cash upon the occurrence of a defined “change of control” event. Our ability to redeem the Senior Notes prior to maturity is subject to certain conditions, including in certain cases the payment of make-whole amounts.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes requires us to apply the net cash proceeds of certain asset sales not reinvested in acquisitions, capital expenditures, or used to repay or otherwise reduce specified indebtedness within a specified period, to the extent the remaining net proceeds exceed a specified amount, to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Contractual Obligations

A summary of our contractual obligations and commitments at December 31, 2022, is as follows:

The payments for long-term debt shown in the table above reflect the contractual principal amount for the Senior Notes and term loans under our Amended Credit Agreement. In our Consolidated Balance Sheet, these amounts are shown net of a debt discount of $4.4 million. Additional discussion regarding the Senior Notes and Amended Credit Agreement is included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in “Liquidity and Capital Resources – Capital Resources,” and in Note 12, "Debt," to the consolidated financial statements. The interest on debt represents the contractual interest coupon. It does not include the debt discount accretion, which also is a component of interest expense.

Payments for other liabilities are estimates for other retained liabilities of previously owned businesses included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2022. These estimated payments, along with our estimated payments of environmental liabilities, are based on information currently known to us. However, it is possible that these estimates will vary from actual results and it is possible that these estimates may be updated if new information becomes available in the future or if there are changes in the facts and circumstances related to these liabilities. Additional discussion regarding these liabilities is included earlier in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in “Contingencies – Environmental" and "Contingencies – Crucible Steel Corporation a/k/a Crucible, Inc.,” and in Note 20, "Commitments and Contingencies," to the consolidated financial statements.

The table does not include obligations under our pension and postretirement benefit plans, which are included in Note 15, "Pension and Postretirement Benefits," to the consolidated financial statements.

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Share Repurchase Program

In October 2018, our board of directors authorized a two-year program for expenditures of up to $50.0 million of our outstanding common shares. Prior to the expiration of this authorization, we repurchased 0.1 million shares for $5.3 million in 2020.

In October 2020, our board of directors authorized a two-year program of up to $50.0 million for the repurchase of our outstanding common shares. We did not make any repurchases under this authorization.

In October 2022, our board of directors authorized a new two-year program of up to $50.0 million for the repurchase of our outstanding common shares. We have not made any repurchases under this new authorization.

Dividends

On January 13, 2015, our board of directors adopted a policy under which it intends to declare regular quarterly cash dividends on EnPro’s common stock, with the determination of whether to declare a dividend and the amount being considered each quarter, after taking into account our cash flow, earnings, cash position, financial position and other relevant matters. In 2021, our board declared a dividend of $0.27 per share in each quarter, and on February 16, 2022 we announced that our board of directors had increased the quarterly dividend to $0.28 per share, commencing with the dividend to be paid on March 16, 2022 to all shareholders of record as of March 2, 2022. In 2022, our board declared a dividend of $0.28 per share in each quarter, and on February 16, 2023 we announced that our board of directors had increased the quarterly dividend to $0.29 per share, commencing with the dividend to be paid on March 15, 2023 to all shareholders of record as of March 1, 2023. Each of the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes includes covenants restricting the payment of dividends, but includes a basket permitting the payment of cash dividends of up to $50.0 million per year under the Credit Agreement and $60.0 million per year under the indenture governing the Senior Notes. Other baskets may be available under that the agreement governing the Revolving Credit Facility and the indenture governing the Senior Notes to permit the payment of dividends in excess of the respective basket amount.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures pertaining to contingent assets and liabilities. Note 1, “Overview, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies used to prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements and recently issued accounting guidance. On an ongoing basis we evaluate our estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, income taxes, warranty obligations, restructuring, pensions and other postretirement benefits, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

We believe the following accounting estimates are the most critical. Some of them involve significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.

Income Taxes

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Temporary differences arising between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its carrying amount on the Consolidated Balance Sheet are used to calculate future income tax assets or liabilities. This method also requires the recognition of deferred tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances are recorded as appropriate to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount considered likely to be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income (losses) in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the date of enactment of the change. A tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized only if we believe it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on its technical merits. If the recognition threshold for the tax position is met, only the portion of the tax benefit that we believe is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized is recorded. Our future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, statute expirations, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements, changes in tax laws, changes in projected levels of taxable income, future tax planning strategies, or other relevant events.

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Environmental

Although we believe past operations were in substantial compliance with the then applicable regulations, we or one or more of our subsidiaries are involved with various remediation activities or an investigation to determine responsibility for environmental conditions at 19 sites.

Our policy is to accrue environmental investigation and remediation costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. In general, due to uncertainties regarding, among other factors, changes to operating and monitoring requirements based on the ongoing performance of the remediation system and/or changes to applicable legal and regulatory requirements, we do not consider costs for remediation activities beyond five years to be reasonably estimable. To the extent that capital costs to be incurred more than five years out, such as costs for the construction or decommissioning of remediation systems, can be reasonable estimated such costs are included in our environmental reserves. For sites with multiple future projected cost scenarios for identified feasible investigation and remediation options where no one estimate is more likely than all the others, our policy is to accrue the lowest estimate among the range of estimates. The measurement of our liability is based on an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual situation and takes into consideration factors such as existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations and prior experience in the remediation of similar contaminated sites. Liabilities are established for all sites based on these factors. As assessments and remediation progress at individual sites, these liabilities are reviewed and adjusted to reflect additional technical data and legal information. Given the uncertainties regarding the status of laws, regulations, enforcement policies, the impact of other parties potentially being fully or partially liable, technology and information related to individual sites, we do not believe it is possible to develop an estimate of the range of reasonably possible environmental loss in excess of our recorded liabilities.

We believe that our accruals for specific environmental liabilities are adequate based on currently available information. Based upon limited information regarding any incremental remediation or other actions that may be required at these sites, we cannot estimate any further loss or a reasonably possible range of loss related to these matters. Actual costs to be incurred in future periods may vary from estimates because of the inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures due to unknown and changing conditions, changing government regulations and legal standards regarding liability.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is subject to annual impairment testing that is conducted each calendar year in the fourth quarter. We transitioned from an October 1 annual testing date to a November 1 annual testing date in the fourth quarter of 2021. In making the transition, we performed annual impairment testing for all of our intangible assets on both dates in the fourth quarter of 2021.

The goodwill asset impairment test involves comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized would not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Interim tests during the year may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change (a "triggering event") that in management's judgement would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its’ carrying amount.

To estimate the fair value of our five reporting units, we use both a discounted cash flow and a market valuation approach. The discounted cash flow approach uses cash flow projections and a discount rate to calculate the fair value of each reporting unit while the market approach relies on market multiples of similar companies. The key assumptions used for the discounted cash flow approach include projected revenues and profit margins, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, and the current discount and tax rates. For the market approach, we select a group of peer companies that we believe are best representative of each reporting unit. We used a 75% weighting for the discounted cash flow valuation approach and a 25% weighting for the market valuation approach, reflecting our belief that the discounted cash flow valuation approach is a better indicator of a reporting unit's value since it reflects the specific cash flows anticipated to be generated in the future by the business.

In the second quarter of 2022, we determined the performance of our Alluxa reporting unit to be a triggering event for an interim goodwill impairment test and, as a result, we performed an assessment as of June 30, 2022. The fair value of our Alluxa reporting unit, which is included in our Advanced Surface Technologies segment, and is allocated $126.0 million of goodwill, exceeded its carrying value by approximately 21% as of the interim testing date.

At the time of our annual test as of November 1, 2022, our updated forecast and projections based upon our annual strategic plan indicated that Alluxa’s cash flows were below the June 30, 2022 assessment estimates, and the discount rate to determine fair value utilizing the income approach was significantly higher. The projection and analysis indicated that the book

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value of the Alluxa reporting unit exceeded fair value by $65.2 million which has been recognized as an impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2022. The discount rate to determine the fair value of Alluxa increased from 12.0% as of November 1, 2021 to 14.6% as of November 1, 2022, resulting in a $50 million decline in the fair value of the Alluxa reporting unit utilizing the income approach. A 1% increase in the discount rate as of November 1, 2022 to 15.6% would decrease the fair value of the Alluxa reporting unit and result in an increase in the amount of the impairment being recognized by $11.2 million.

The fair value of our semiconductor reporting unit, included in the Advanced Surface Technologies segment, exceeded book value by approximately 21.8% as of November 1, 2022. A 1% increase in the discount rate as of November 1, 2022 would result in a decrease in the cushion in the test to 12.7%. Separately, a 1% decline in the year-over-year revenue growth rates over the projection period would lower the cushion to 17.3%. The combination of a 1% increase in the discount rate and a 1% decline in the year-over-year revenue growth rates would lower the cushion to 8.8%.

The fair value of the three reporting units of our Sealing Technologies segment all exceeded their respective carrying values by more than 60% as of November 1, 2022. We completed our annual impairment tests of goodwill as of November 1, 2021, October 1, 2021 and 2020 with no impairment indicated.

Annual assessments are conducted in the context of information that was reasonably available to us as of the date of the assessment including our best estimates of future sales volumes and prices; material and labor cost and availability; operational efficiency including the impact of projected capital asset additions, and the then current discount rates and tax rates. We will perform our next annual goodwill impairment tests as of November 1, 2023; or earlier, if adverse changes in circumstances result in our assessment that a triggering event has occurred at any of our reporting units and an interim test is required.

Other intangible assets are recorded at cost or, when acquired as a part of a business combination, at estimated fair value. These assets include customer relationships, patents and other technology-related assets, trademarks, licenses, and non-compete agreements. Intangible assets that have definite lives are amortized using a method that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the assets are consumed or the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 1 to 21 years. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are subject to at least annual impairment testing, which were conducted as of November 1 in 2022 and 2021, and as of October 1, 2021 and 2020. The impairment testing compares the fair value of the intangible asset with its’ carrying amount using the relief from royalty method. The test completed as of November 1, 2022 and 2021, indicated no impairment. Interim tests may be required if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying value or change the useful life of the asset.

In 2020, sales declines by businesses utilizing two of the indefinite-lived trademarks within our Sealing Technologies segment were determined to be triggering events for an interim impairment analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, we recorded a $16.1 million impairment of indefinite-lived trademarks in the third quarter of 2020.

Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management, and it is reasonably likely that assumptions and estimates will change in future periods. These changes could result in future impairments. For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Overview” as well as Notes 1 and 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Impact of Pending Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, "Overview, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance," to our consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting guidance that we have not yet adopted.

Contingencies

A description of our contingencies is included in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

On October 17, 2018, we completed the offering of the Senior Notes and applied the net proceeds of that offering, together with borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, to redeem all of the Old Notes on October 31, 2018. The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, unsubordinated, joint and several basis by our existing and future wholly owned direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries, that are each guarantors of our Revolving Credit Facility, including subsidiaries that were wholly owned at the time they provided the guarantee but thereafter became majority owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”).  The Guarantor Subsidiaries at December 31, 2020 comprise all of our

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consolidated domestic subsidiaries at that date. Our subsidiaries organized outside of the United States, (collectively, the “Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) did not guarantee the Old Notes and do not guarantee the Senior Notes.

The Guarantor Subsidiaries jointly and severally guarantee on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis the performance and punctual payment when due, whether at stated maturity of the Senior Notes, by acceleration or otherwise, all of our obligations under the Senior Notes and the indenture governing the Senior Notes (the “Indenture”), whether for payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on the Senior Notes, expenses, indemnification or otherwise (all such obligations guaranteed by the Guarantor Subsidiaries are referred to as the “Guaranteed Obligations”). The Guarantor Subsidiaries have jointly and severally agreed to pay, in addition to the obligations stated above, any and all expenses (including reasonable counsel fees and expenses) incurred by the trustee (the “Trustee”) under the Indenture in enforcing any rights under their guarantees of the Guaranteed Obligations.

Each guarantee of a Guarantor Subsidiary is limited to an amount not to exceed the maximum amount that can be guaranteed by it without rendering the guarantee, as it relates to such Guarantor Subsidiary, voidable under applicable law relating to fraudulent conveyance or fraudulent transfer or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally. Each guarantee of a Guarantor Subsidiary is a continuing guarantee and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the Trustee, the holders of the Senior Notes and their successors, transferees and assigns and, subject to the provisions described in the following sentence, remains in full force and effect until payment in full of all of the Guaranteed Obligations of such Guarantor Subsidiary and is binding upon such Guarantor Subsidiary and its successors. A guarantee of the Senior Notes by a Guarantor Subsidiary is subject to release in the following circumstances: (i) the sale, disposition, exchange or other transfer (including through merger, consolidation, amalgamation or otherwise) of the capital stock of the subsidiary made in a manner not in violation of the Indenture; (ii) the designation of the subsidiary as an “Unrestricted Subsidiary” under the Indenture; (iii) the legal defeasance or covenant defeasance of the Senior Notes in accordance with the terms of the Indenture; or (iv) the subsidiary ceasing to be our subsidiary as a result of any foreclosure of any pledge or security interest securing our Revolving Credit Facility or other exercise of remedies in respect thereof.

The following tables present summarized financial information for EnPro Industries, Inc. (the "Parent") and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis after intercompany eliminations.

The summarized results of operations information for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows: