MOHAWK INDUSTRIES INC (MHK)

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations from management's perspective and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. The discussion in this Form 10-K includes a comparison of fiscal 2024 to fiscal 2023. A similar discussion and analysis that compares fiscal 2023 to fiscal 2022 may be found in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

References to “Mohawk,” “the Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Mohawk Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole, unless the context otherwise requires.

Overview

Mohawk is a significant supplier of every major flooring category with manufacturing operations in 19 nations and sales in approximately 180 countries. Based on its annual sales, the Company believes it is the world’s largest flooring manufacturer. A majority of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the U.S. and Europe, which are also the Company’s primary markets. Additionally, the Company maintains operations in Australia, Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Russia and other parts of the world. The Company is a leading provider of flooring for residential and commercial markets and has earned significant recognition for its innovation in design and performance as well as sustainability.

During 2022 and 2023, the Company implemented a number of restructuring actions, productivity initiatives and manufacturing enhancements focused on reducing costs to enhance future performance, including certain facility, asset and product rationalizations and workforce reductions. The Company anticipates that when completed these projects will deliver annual savings of approximately $145 million, with an estimated cost of approximately $215 million. In 2024, the Company announced further restructuring actions, including additional facility, assets and product rationalizations and workforce reductions to further reduce costs and improve the business for the future. The Company anticipates that when completed these projects will deliver annual savings of approximately $140 million, with an estimated cost of approximately $140 million. Execution timelines will vary by project, with some savings extending into 2026.

The Company derives a majority of its sales from residential and commercial construction and remodeling. Residential remodeling is the primary sales driver of flooring products and historically most flooring is replaced before a home is listed for sale or just after a home purchase is completed. The combination of high interest rates and inflation has made mortgages less affordable and has increased the cost of home improvement projects, impacting the demand for the Company’s products. Although the U.S. Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank cut interest rates in 2024, home mortgage rates remain elevated globally, “locking in” current homeowners and suppressing housing turnover rates. Persistent inflation continues to hinder consumer discretionary spending, causing consumers to postpone large purchases of durable goods such as flooring. In addition, declining costs in energy and raw materials, coupled with lower industry volumes, have continued to exert pressure on selling prices, although energy prices in certain geographies and materials prices in some product categories remain volatile and may change significantly and unpredictably.

The Company has, to some extent, offset the impact of a soft housing market and decreased renovation activity through cost containment, productivity and lower input costs, including through the restructuring actions discussed above. Due to low housing availability, aging stock and greater household formation, the Company believes demand in its markets will accelerate when interest rates decline.

Due to its global footprint, Mohawk’s business is sensitive to geopolitical conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East. Since the first quarter of 2022, the Company has suspended new investments in Russia in response to ongoing Russian military actions in Ukraine, and the U.S., the European Union and other governments have imposed and broadened sanctions on Russia as well as on certain individuals and financial institutions. In addition, a prolonged and more expansive conflict in the Middle East region could escalate oil and petroleum-based chemical prices as well as lead to the introduction of sanctions or transportation barriers, though the extent of the impact on the Company’s business and results of operations, as well as the global economy, cannot be predicted. The broader consequences of current ongoing military conflicts, which may include further economic sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, and geopolitical shifts; potential retaliatory actions, including nationalization of foreign-owned businesses; increased tensions between the U.S. and countries in which the Company operates; and the extent of the conflict’s effect on the Company’s business and results of operations, as well as the global economy, cannot be predicted.

Increased restrictions on global trade, including an increase in U.S. tariffs and any countermeasures to these increases, could result in, among other things, increased input costs, volatility in foreign exchange rates and financial markets, supply chain disruptions, and decreased consumer discretionary spending, any of which may adversely affect the Company’s business and supply chain. While the Company has had success sourcing alternate suppliers of raw materials to counteract supply chain

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disruptions, the Company may be negatively impacted by additional supply chain disruption in the future caused by further escalation of geopolitical conflict and increases in global trade restrictions.

The Company believes it is well positioned with a strong balance sheet. Based on its current liquidity and available credit, the Company is in a position to finance internal investments, acquisitions and/or additional stock purchases and pay current debt as it becomes due. For information on risk that could impact the Company’s results, please refer to Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

In 2024, the Company invested approximately $450 million focused on completing capacity expansion projects and targeted initiatives that will drive cost reduction while improving operational performance. In 2025, the Company plans to invest approximately $520 million focused on completing capacity expansion projects and targeted initiatives that will drive cost reduction while improving operational performance.

Net earnings attributable to the Company were $517.7 million for 2024 compared to a net loss of $439.5 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to lower impairment charges; lower input costs; productivity gains; lower legal settlements, reserves and fees, partially offset by the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company generated $1,133.9 million of cash from operating activities. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $666.6 million, of which $485.0 million was in the U.S. and $181.6 million was in other countries.

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Results of Operations

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Year Ended December 31, 2024, as Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2023

Net sales

Net sales for 2024 were $10,836.9 million compared to net sales of $11,135.1 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $397 million and the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $68 million, partially offset by more shipping days for the year ended December 31, 2024 of approximately $92 million; higher sales volume attributable to acquisitions of approximately $48 million and higher sales volume of approximately $27 million.

Global Ceramic—Net sales for 2024 were $4,226.6 million compared to net sales of $4,300.1 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $64 million; the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $64 million and lower sales volume of approximately $35 million, partially offset by higher sales volume attributable to acquisitions of approximately $48 million and more shipping days for the year ended December 31, 2024 of approximately $42 million.

Flooring NA—Net sales for 2024 were $3,769.9 million compared to net sales of $3,829.4 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $126 million, partially offset by higher sales volume of approximately $37 million.

Flooring ROW—Net sales for 2024 were $2,840.4 million compared to net sales of $3,005.6 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $207 million.

Quarterly net sales and the percentage changes in net sales by quarter for 2024 versus 2023 were as follows (dollars in millions):

Gross profit

Gross profit for 2024 was $2,687.7 million compared to gross profit of $2,709.6 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to lower input costs of approximately $260 million; productivity gains of approximately $151 million, partially offset by the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $382 million.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for 2024 were $1,984.8 million compared to $2,119.7 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to lower legal settlements, reserves and fees of approximately $78 million.

Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles

Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for 2024 was $8.2 million compared to $877.7 million for 2023. During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company compared the estimated fair values of its indefinite-lived intangible to their carrying values and determined that there was an impairment charge in Global Ceramic. In 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges as a result of a decrease in the Company’s market capitalization, a higher WACC and macroeconomic conditions. See Note 7, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of the Company’s impairment charges.

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Operating income (loss)

Operating income for 2024 was $694.7 million compared to operating loss of $287.8 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to lower impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of approximately $870 million; lower input costs of approximately $214 million; productivity gains of approximately $176 million; lower legal settlements, reserves and fees of approximately $78 million, partially offset by the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $385 million.

Global Ceramic—Operating income was $249.5 million for 2024 compared to operating loss of $166.4 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to lower impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of approximately $419 million; productivity gains of approximately $67 million; lower input costs of approximately $50 million, partially offset by the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $92 million.

Flooring NA—Operating income was $238.5 million for 2024 compared to operating loss of $57.2 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to lower impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of approximately $216 million; lower input costs of approximately $93 million; productivity gains of approximately $67 million, partially offset by the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $109 million.

Flooring ROW—Operating income was $265.2 million for 2024 compared to operating income of $69.7 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to lower impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of approximately $235 million; lower input costs of approximately $80 million; productivity gains of approximately $41 million, partially offset by the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $184 million.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $48.5 million for 2024 compared to interest expense of $77.5 million for 2023. The change was primarily attributable to strong cash flow and the resulting lower debt level.

Other income and expense, net

Other expense was $0.2 million for 2024 compared to other income of $10.8 million for 2023. Other income and expense, net did not significantly change for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from twelve months ended December 31, 2023.

Income tax expense

For 2024, the Company recorded income tax expense of $128.2 million on income before income taxes of $646.0 million for an effective tax rate of 19.8%, as compared to an income tax expense of $84.9 million on loss before income taxes of $354.5 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of (23.9)% for 2023. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by a shift from a loss before income taxes to earnings before income taxes and a decrease in the impairment of non-deductible goodwill.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s primary capital requirements are for working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions. The Company’s capital needs are met primarily through a combination of internally generated funds, commercial paper, bank credit lines, term and senior notes and credit terms from suppliers. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had a total of $1,048.8 million available under its Senior Credit Facility. The Company also maintains local currency revolving lines of credit and other credit facilities to provide liquidity to its businesses around the world.  None of such local facilities are material in amount.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended 2024 was $1,133.9 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $1,329.2 million for the year ended 2023. The change was primarily attributable to the change in inventory and accounts receivable, partially offset by the change in accounts payable and higher net earnings.

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Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended 2024 was $454.4 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $970.3 million for the year ended 2023. The change was primarily attributable to the decrease in acquisition costs of $515.4 million and the decrease in capital expenditures of $158.5 million, partially offset by the decrease in the redemptions of short-term investments of $158.0 million (net of purchases of short-term investments).

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended 2024 was $629.5 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $210.6 million for the year ended 2023. The change was primarily attributable to higher payments of term loan facility of $912.3 million, lower proceeds from Senior Notes of $600.0 million, higher share repurchase of $162.8 million and lower proceeds from Senior Credit Facility of $124.1 million (net of payments), partially offset by the higher proceeds from commercial paper of $1,360.9 million (net of payments).

On February 10, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its common stock (the “2022 Share Repurchase Program”). As of December 31, 2024, there remains $67.8 million authorized under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had cash of $666.6 million, of which $181.6 million was held outside the U.S. The Company plans to permanently reinvest the cash held outside the U.S. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations and availability under its Senior Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet its planned capital expenditures, working capital investments and debt servicing requirements over the next twelve months.

On January 31, 2024, the Company prepaid the entirety of the USD portion of the Term Loan Facility, in the amount of $675.0 million. On February 16, 2024, the Company prepaid the entirety of the EUR portion of the Term Loan Facility, in the amount of €220 million.

See Note 9, Long-Term Debt, of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of the Company’s long-term debt. The Company may continue, from time to time, to retire its outstanding debt through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amount involved may be material.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following is a summary of the Company’s future minimum payments under contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2024 (in millions):

(1) Debt maturity table excludes deferred loan costs.

(2) For fixed-rate debt, the Company calculated interest based on the applicable rates and payment dates. For variable-rate debt, the Company estimated average outstanding balances for the respective periods and applied interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2024 to these balances.

(3) Includes volume commitments, primarily for raw material purchases.

(4) Includes the estimated pension contributions for 2025 only, as the Company is unable to estimate the pension contributions beyond 2025. The Company’s projected benefit obligation and plan assets as of December 31, 2024 were $81.4 and $75.5, respectively. The projected benefit obligation liability has not been presented in the table above due to uncertainty as to amounts and timing regarding future payments.

(5) Excludes $84.9 of non-current accrued income tax liabilities and related interest and penalties for uncertain tax positions. These liabilities have not been presented in the table above due to uncertainty as to amounts and timing regarding future payments.

(6) Includes bank guarantees and letters of credit.

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the Company must make decisions which impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. Such decisions include the selection of appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. In reaching such decisions, the Company applies judgment based on its understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances and historical experience. Actual amounts could differ from those estimated at the time the Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Some of those significant accounting policies require the Company to make subjective or complex judgments or estimates. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.

The Company believes the following accounting policies require it to use judgments and estimates in preparing its consolidated financial statements and represent critical accounting policies.

•Acquisition accounting. The fair value of the consideration the Company pays for each new acquisition is allocated to tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets, liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity and goodwill.  The accounting for acquisitions involves a considerable amount of judgment and estimate, including the fair value of certain forms of consideration; fair value of acquired intangible assets involving projections of future revenues and cash flows that are then either discounted at an estimated discount rate or measured at an estimated royalty rate; fair value of other acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including potential contingencies; and the useful lives of the acquired assets. The assumptions used are determined at the time of the acquisition in accordance with accepted valuation models.  Projections are developed using internal forecasts, available industry and market data and estimates of long-term rates of growth for the business. The impact of prior or future acquisitions on the Company’s financial position or results of operations may be materially impacted by the change in or initial selection

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of assumptions and estimates. See Note 2, Acquisitions, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of business combination accounting valuation methodology and assumptions.

•Goodwill and other intangibles. The Company performs its annual testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles on the first day of the fourth quarter of each year. Between annual testing dates, the Company monitors factors such as its market capitalization, comparable company market multiples and macroeconomic conditions to identify conditions that could impact the Company’s assumptions used in the determination of the estimated fair values of the Company’s reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets significantly enough to trigger an impairment.

The goodwill impairment tests are based on determining the fair value of the specified reporting units based on management judgments and assumptions using the discounted cash flows under the income approach classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and comparable company market valuation classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy approaches. The Company has identified Global Ceramic, Flooring NA and Flooring ROW as its reporting units for the purposes of allocating and testing for impairment. Indefinite-lived intangibles are recorded and tested for impairment at the asset level. The valuation approaches are subject to key judgments and assumptions that are sensitive to change such as judgements and assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, operating margins, WACC and comparable company market multiples.

As a result of a decrease in the Company’s market capitalization, macroeconomic conditions and an increase in the WACC, the Company determined that a triggering event occurred requiring goodwill impairment testing for each of its reporting units as of September 30, 2023. The impairment tests indicated pre-tax, non-cash goodwill impairment charges related to all 3 reporting units of $870.8 million ($859.7 million net of tax) which the Company recorded during 2023.

The Company compared the estimated fair values of its indefinite-lived intangibles to their carrying values and determined that there were impairment charges of $8.2 million ($6.3 million net of tax) in Global Ceramic Segment during the fourth quarter of 2024 and $7.0 million ($5.2 million net of tax) in all 3 reporting units during the third quarter of 2023.

A significant or prolonged deterioration in economic conditions, continued increases in the costs of raw materials and energy combined with an inability to pass these costs on to customers, a further decline in the Company’s market capitalization or comparable company market multiples, projected future cash flows, or increases in the WACC, could impact the Company’s assumptions and require a reassessment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment in future periods. Future declines in estimated after tax cash flows, increases in the WACC or a decline in market capitalization could result in an additional indication of impairment in one or more of the Company’s reporting units.

•Long-lived assets. The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups, which include intangible assets subject to amortization, which for the Company are its patents and customer relationships, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such asset groups may not be recoverable. Recoverability of asset groups to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of long-lived assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by these asset groups. If such asset groups are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs of disposal and are no longer depreciated.

•Income taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate is based on its income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and respective governmental taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s tax expense and in evaluating the Company’s tax positions. Deferred tax assets represent amounts available to reduce income taxes payable on taxable income in a future period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of these future tax benefits by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income inherently rely on estimates, including business forecasts and other projections of financial results over an extended period of time. In the event that the Company is not able to realize all or a portion of its deferred tax assets in the future, a valuation allowance is provided. The Company would recognize such amounts through a charge to income in the period in which that determination is made or when tax law changes are enacted. For further information regarding the Company’s valuation allowances, see Note 14, Income Taxes, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying the Company’s income tax positions. The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon the Company’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available as of the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, as required by the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740-10. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information regarding the Company’s uncertain tax positions, see Note 14, Income Taxes, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a description of recent accounting pronouncements and the potential impact on the Company’s financial statements and disclosures.

Impact of Inflation

Inflation affects the Company’s manufacturing costs, distribution costs and operating expenses. The Company expects raw material prices, many of which are petroleum-based, to fluctuate based upon worldwide supply and demand of commodities used in the Company’s production processes. Although the Company attempts to pass on increases in raw material, labor, energy and fuel-related costs to its customers, the Company’s ability to do so is dependent upon the rate and magnitude of any increase, competitive pressures and market conditions for the Company’s products. There have been in the past, and may be in the future, periods of time during which increases in these costs cannot be fully recovered. In the past, the Company has often been able to enhance productivity and develop new product innovations to help offset increases in costs resulting from inflation in its operations.

Seasonality

The Company is a calendar year-end company. Global Ceramic and Flooring NA typically have higher net sales in the second and third quarters. Flooring ROW typically has higher net sales in the first and second quarters. Because periods of economic downturn can affect the seasonality of each segment, sales for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of the sales that may be achieved for any other quarter or for the full year.

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Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s Results of Operations includes a comparison of fiscal 2023 to fiscal 2022. A similar discussion and analysis that compares fiscal 2022 to fiscal 2021 may be found in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

During the past three decades, the Company has grown significantly through a combination of organic growth and acquisitions. Its current geographic breadth and diverse product offering are reflected in three reporting segments: Global Ceramic, Flooring NA and Flooring ROW. Global Ceramic designs, manufactures, sources and markets a broad line of ceramic tile, porcelain tile, natural stone tile and other products including natural stone, porcelain slabs and quartz countertops, which it distributes primarily in North America, Europe and Latin America through various selling channels, which include home centers, Company-owned service centers and stores, floor covering retailers, ceramic tile specialists, e-commerce retailers, residential builders, independent distributors, commercial contractors and commercial end users. Flooring NA designs, manufactures, sources and markets its floor covering products, including broadloom carpet, carpet tile, carpet cushion, rugs, laminate, vinyl products, including luxury vinyl tile (“LVT”) and sheet vinyl, and wood flooring, all of which it distributes through its network of regional distribution centers and satellite warehouses using company-operated trucks, common carriers or rail transportation. The Segment’s product lines are sold through various channels, including independent floor covering retailers, home centers, mass merchandisers, department stores, shop at home, buying groups, residential builders, independent distributors, commercial contractors and commercial end users. Flooring ROW designs, manufactures, sources, licenses and markets laminate, vinyl products, including LVT and sheet vinyl, wood flooring, roofing panels, insulation boards, medium-density fiberboard (“MDF”), chipboards, decorative surfaces and mezzanine floors, which it distributes primarily in Europe and Australasia through various channels, including independent floor covering retailers, wholesalers, home centers, Company-operated distributors, independent distributors, residential builders, commercial contractors and commercial end users.

Mohawk is a significant supplier of every major flooring category with manufacturing operations in 19 nations and sales in approximately 170 countries. Based on its annual sales, the Company believes it is the world’s largest flooring manufacturer. A majority of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States and Europe, which are also the Company’s primary markets. Additionally, the Company maintains operations in Australia, Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Russia and other parts of the world. The Company is a leading provider of flooring for residential and commercial markets and has earned significant recognition for its innovation in design and performance as well as sustainability.

Due to its global footprint, Mohawk’s business is sensitive to macroeconomic and geopolitical events in the United States and abroad. As a result of ongoing Russian military actions in Ukraine, the Company has experienced and may continue to experience supply chain disruption of raw materials sourced from Ukraine, as well as other materials and spare parts needed in the Company’s operations if alternative sources identified in other countries cannot fulfill these needs. The Company can also be impacted by global increases in the cost of natural gas, oil and oil-based raw materials and chemicals, which were among the broader consequences of Russia’s actions in the initial year of the conflict. In addition, the United States, the European Union and other governments have imposed and extended sanctions on Russia as well as on certain individuals and financial institutions and have proposed the use of broader economic sanctions. Since the first quarter of 2022, the Company has suspended new investments in Russia. The broader consequences of this conflict, which may include further economic sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, and geopolitical shifts; potential retaliatory actions, including nationalization of foreign-owned businesses; increased tensions between the United States and countries in which the Company operates; and the extent of the conflict’s effect on the Company’s business and results of operations, as well as the global economy, cannot be predicted. In addition, a prolonged and more expansive conflict in the Middle East region could escalate oil and petroleum-based chemical prices as well as lead to the introduction of sanctions or transportation barriers, though the extent of the conflict’s impact on the Company’s business and results of operations, as well as the global economy, cannot be predicted.

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During 2023, rising interest rates, delayed consumer spending due to inflationary pressures and other macroeconomic factors impacted new single-family home construction and residential remodeling in most of the Company’s major markets. Increased mortgage rates have suppressed the housing market and decreased home renovation activity. In addition, globally, consumers have faced a higher cost of living, reducing discretionary spending on large purchases such as flooring. Mohawk has, to some extent, offset the impact of decreased construction and renovation activity through cost containment, productivity and lower input costs. Declining costs in energy and raw materials, coupled with lower industry volumes, constrained selling prices, although energy prices in certain geographies and materials prices in some product categories remain volatile and may change significantly and unpredictably, which could have an adverse impact on the Company’s results. Similarly, inflationary pressures around the globe may continue to impact consumer and commercial investments in flooring and other large, deferrable purchases. During 2023, the Company focused on reducing costs through restructuring actions and manufacturing enhancements by taking certain actions to enhance future performance, including facility and product rationalizations and workforce reductions. The Company anticipates these global actions will deliver annual savings of approximately $150 million, with an estimated cost of approximately $215 million.

The Company believes it is well positioned with a strong balance sheet. Based on its current liquidity and available credit, the Company is in a position to finance internal investments, acquisitions and/or additional stock purchases and pay current debt as it becomes due. For information on risk that could impact the Company’s results, please refer to Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Since becoming a publicly traded company in April 1992, Mohawk has grown both organically and through strategic and bolt-on acquisitions. Mohawk has completed a number of smaller acquisitions in recent years, many of which expanded the Company’s hard surface flooring distribution in Europe. In 2022, the Company completed five small, bolt-on acquisitions: a wood veneer plant in Romania; a sheet vinyl producer in Poland; a mezzanine flooring manufacturer in Germany; a nonwoven carpet and rug producer in the U.S.; and a commercial flooring trim and accessories business in the U.S. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company completed its acquisitions of Vitromex, a Mexican ceramic tile business, and Elizabeth Revestimentos, a Brazilian ceramic tile business. The Company believes these acquisitions have further solidified the Company’s position in the Mexico and Brazilian ceramic tile markets, respectively.

In 2023, the Company invested $612.9 million in new and existing projects, cost reduction initiatives, previously initiated expansion projects, investments to upgrade equipment in Brazil and Mexico from recent acquisitions and general maintenance across the business. Primary investment areas include the Company’s LVT portfolio to upgrade its product offering and improve profitability; premium waterproof laminate in North America and Europe; and quartz countertop and porcelain slab expansion in North America and Europe, respectively. In 2024, the Company plans to invest approximately $480 million focused on completing capacity expansion projects and targeted initiatives that will drive cost reduction while improving operational performance.

Net loss attributable to the Company was $439.5 million for 2023 compared to net earnings of $25.2 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower sales volume; higher impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles; unfavorable net impact of price and product mix; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns; the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates; higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related and other costs; higher legal settlements, reserves and fees; higher interest expense and higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs. The unfavorable impact of the aforementioned items was partially offset by lower taxes due to decreased earnings in 2023 compared to the prior year; productivity gains and lower inflation. The Company believes that a number of circumstances may influence trends in 2024, including continued impact of inflation on consumer discretionary spending, barriers to home sales due to higher interest rates, continued softness in residential remodeling and uncertainty in residential and commercial new construction, but the extent and duration of such impact cannot be predicted.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company generated $1,329.2 million of cash from operating activities. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $642.6 million, of which $553.1 million was in the United States and $89.5 million was in foreign countries.

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Results of Operations

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Year Ended December 31, 2023, as Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2022

Net Sales

Net sales for 2023 were $11,135.1 million compared to net sales of $11,737.1 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower legacy sales volume of approximately $743 million; the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $143 million and the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $72 million, partially offset by higher sales volume attributable to acquisitions of approximately $389 million.

Global Ceramic—Net sales for 2023 were $4,300.1 million compared to net sales of $4,307.7 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower legacy sales volume of approximately $271 million and the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $41 million, partially offset by higher sales volume attributable to acquisitions of approximately $294 million and the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $38 million.

Flooring NA—Net sales for 2023 were $3,829.4 million compared to net sales of $4,207.0 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower legacy sales volume of approximately $304 million and the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $139 million, partially offset by higher sales volume attributable to acquisitions of approximately $66 million.

Flooring ROW—Net sales for 2023 were $3,005.6 million compared to net sales of $3,222.3 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower legacy sales volume of approximately $168 million; the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $42 million and the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $31 million, partially offset by higher sales volume attributable to acquisitions of approximately $30 million.

Quarterly net sales and the percentage changes in net sales by quarter for 2023 versus 2022 were as follows (dollars in millions):

Gross Profit

Gross profit for 2023 was $2,709.7 million compared to gross profit of $2,943.4 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower sales volume of approximately $190 million; the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $111 million; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns of approximately $76 million; the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $51 million and higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related, and other costs of approximately $35 million, partially offset by lower inflation of approximately $132 million and productivity gains of approximately $121 million.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for 2023 were $2,119.7 million compared to $2,003.4 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to higher inflation of approximately $52 million and an increase in expenses due to the net impact of acquired businesses of approximately $33 million.

Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangibles

Impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles for 2023 was $877.7 million compared to impairment of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of $695.8 million for 2022. As a result of a decrease in the Company’s market capitalization, a higher WACC and macroeconomic conditions, the Company performed interim impairment tests of its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, which resulted in the impairment charges.

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Operating Income (Loss)

Operating loss for 2023 was $287.8 million compared to operating income of $244.2 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower sales volume of approximately $223 million; higher impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of approximately $182 million; the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $111 million; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns of approximately $76 million; the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $49 million; higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related, and other costs of approximately $48 million and higher legal settlements, reserves and fees of approximately $34 million, partially offset by productivity gains of approximately $111 million and lower inflation of approximately $80 million.

Global Ceramic—Operating loss was $166.4 million for 2023 compared to operating loss of $236.1 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of approximately $262 million and productivity gains of approximately $59 million, partially offset by lower sales volume of approximately $94 million; higher inflation of approximately $62 million; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns of approximately $40 million and higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related, and other costs of approximately $37 million.

Flooring NA—Operating loss was $57.2 million for 2023 compared to operating income of $231.1 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to higher impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of approximately $214 million; the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $93 million and lower sales volume of approximately $71 million, partially offset by lower inflation of approximately $89 million and productivity gains of approximately $30 million.

Flooring ROW—Operating income was $69.7 million for 2023 compared to operating income of $340.2 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to higher impairment charges to reduce the carrying amount of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of approximately $229 million; lower sales volume of approximately $58 million and the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $35 million, partially offset by lower inflation of approximately $59 million.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $77.5 million for 2023 compared to interest expense of $51.9 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to a significant increase in interest rates, as well as increased borrowings due to the acquisitions made in 2022 and the first quarter of 2023.

Other Income and Expense

Other income was $10.8 million for 2023 compared to other expense of $8.4 million for 2022. The change was primarily attributable to the reversal of an uncertain tax position recorded with the Company’s 2017 acquisition of Emilceramica S.r.l during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.

Income Tax Expense

For 2023, the Company recorded income tax expense of $84.9 million on loss before income taxes of $354.5 million for an effective tax rate of (23.9)%, as compared to an income tax expense of $158.1 million on earnings before income taxes of $183.9 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 86.0% for 2022. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily driven by a shift from earnings before income taxes to a loss before income taxes and an increase in the impairment of non-deductible goodwill.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s primary capital requirements are for working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions. The Company’s capital needs are met primarily through a combination of internally generated funds, commercial paper, bank credit lines, term and senior notes and credit terms from suppliers. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a total of $1,882.1 million available under its Senior Credit Facility. The Company also maintains local currency revolving lines of credit and other credit facilities to provide liquidity to its businesses around the world.  None of such local facilities are material in amount.

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Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended 2023 was $1,329.2 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $669.2 million for the year ended 2022. The change was primarily attributable to the change in inventory and accounts receivable, partially offset by lower net earnings and the change in accounts payable.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended 2023 was $970.3 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $625.3 million for the year ended 2022. The change was primarily due to the increase in acquisitions of $305.8 million and the increase in capital expenditures of $32.2 million.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended 2023 was $210.7 million compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $194.3 million for the year ended 2022. The change was primarily attributable to lower proceeds (net of payments) from commercial paper of $1,044 million, lower proceeds from the Term Loan Facility of $908 million, partially offset by higher proceeds (net of payments) on the Senior Notes of $1,200 million and lower share repurchases of $308 million.

On February 10, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its common stock (the “2022 Share Repurchase Program”). As of December 31, 2023, there remains $229.2 million authorized under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had cash of $642.6 million, of which $89.5 million was held outside the United States. The Company plans to permanently reinvest the cash held outside the United States. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations and availability under its Senior Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet its planned capital expenditures, working capital investments and debt servicing requirements over the next twelve months.

On January 31, 2024, the Company prepaid the entirety of the USD portion of the Term Loan Facility, in the amount of $675,000. On February 16, 2024, the Company prepaid the entirety of the EUR portion of the Term Loan Facility, in the amount of €220,000.

See Note 10, Long-Term Debt, of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of the Company’s long-term debt. The Company may continue, from time to time, to retire its outstanding debt through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amount involved may be material.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following is a summary of the Company’s future minimum payments under contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2023 (in millions):

(1) For fixed-rate debt, the Company calculated interest based on the applicable rates and payment dates. For variable-rate debt, the Company estimated average outstanding balances for the respective periods and applied interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2023 to these balances.

(2) Includes volume commitments, primarily for raw material purchases.

(3) Includes the estimated pension contributions for 2024 only, as the Company is unable to estimate the pension contributions beyond 2024. The Company’s projected benefit obligation and plan assets as of December 31, 2023 were $80.0 million and $73.7 million, respectively. The projected benefit obligation liability has not been presented in the table above due to uncertainty as to amounts and timing regarding future payments.

(4) Excludes $71.7 million of non-current accrued income tax liabilities and related interest and penalties for uncertain tax positions. These liabilities have not been presented in the table above due to uncertainty as to amounts and timing regarding future payments.

(5) Includes bank guarantees and letters of credit.

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the Company must make decisions which impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. Such decisions include the selection of appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. In reaching such decisions, the Company applies judgment based on its understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances and historical experience. Actual amounts could differ from those estimated at the time the Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Some of those significant accounting policies require the Company to make subjective or complex judgments or estimates. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.

The Company believes the following accounting policies require it to use judgments and estimates in preparing its consolidated financial statements and represent critical accounting policies.

•Acquisition accounting. The fair value of the consideration the Company pays for each new acquisition is allocated to tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets, liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity and goodwill.  The accounting for acquisitions involves a considerable amount of judgment and estimate, including the fair value of certain forms of consideration; fair value of acquired intangible assets involving projections of future revenues and cash flows that are then either discounted at an estimated discount rate or measured at an estimated royalty rate; fair value of other acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including potential contingencies; and the useful lives of the acquired assets. The assumptions used are determined at the time of the acquisition in accordance with accepted valuation models.  Projections are developed using internal forecasts, available industry and market data and estimates of long-term rates of growth for the business. The impact of prior or future acquisitions on the Company’s financial position or results of operations may be materially impacted by the change in or initial selection of assumptions and estimates. See Note 2, Acquisitions included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of business combination accounting valuation methodology and assumptions.

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•Goodwill and other intangibles - The Company performs its annual testing of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles on the first day of the fourth quarter of each year. Between annual testing dates, the Company monitors factors such as its market capitalization, comparable company market multiples and macroeconomic conditions to identify conditions that could impact the Company’s assumptions utilized in the determination of the estimated fair values of the Company’s reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets significantly enough to trigger an impairment.

The goodwill impairment tests are based on determining the fair value of the specified reporting units based on management judgments and assumptions using the discounted cash flows under the income approach classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and comparable company market valuation classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy approaches. The Company has identified Global Ceramic, Flooring NA and Flooring ROW as its reporting units for the purposes of allocating and testing for impairment. Indefinite-lived intangibles are recorded and tested for impairment at the asset level. The valuation approaches are subject to key judgments and assumptions that are sensitive to change such as judgements and assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, operating margins, WACC and comparable company market multiples.

As a result of a decrease in the Company’s market capitalization, macroeconomic conditions and an increase in the WACC, the Company determined that a triggering event occurred requiring goodwill impairment testing for each of its reporting units as of September 30, 2023 and October 1, 2022. The impairment tests indicated pre-tax, non-cash goodwill impairment charges related to all 3 reporting units of $870,750 ($859,725 net of tax) and in the Global Ceramic reporting unit of $688,514 ($679,664 net of tax) which the Company recorded during 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company compared the estimated fair values of its indefinite-lived intangibles to their carrying values and determined that there were impairment charges of $6,994 ($5,181 net of tax) in all 3 reporting units and $7,257 ($5,939 net of tax) in the Flooring ROW and Flooring NA reporting units during the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, respectively.

A significant or prolonged deterioration in economic conditions, continued increases in the costs of raw materials and energy combined with an inability to pass these costs on to customers, a further decline in the Company’s market capitalization or comparable company market multiples, projected future cash flows, or increases in the WACC, could impact the Company’s assumptions and require a reassessment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment in future periods. Future declines in estimated after tax cash flows, increases in the WACC or a decline in market capitalization could result in an additional indication of impairment in one or more of the Company’s reporting units.

•Long-lived assets. The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups, which include intangible assets subject to amortization, which for the Company are its patents and customer relationships, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such asset groups may not be recoverable. Recoverability of asset groups to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of long-lived assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by these asset groups. If such asset groups are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs of disposal and are no longer depreciated.

•Income taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate is based on its income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and respective governmental taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s tax expense and in evaluating the Company’s tax positions. Deferred tax assets represent amounts available to reduce income taxes payable on taxable income in a future period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of these future tax benefits by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income inherently rely on estimates, including business forecasts and other projections of financial results over an extended period of time. In the event that the Company is not able to realize all or a portion of its deferred tax assets in the future, a valuation allowance is provided. The Company would recognize such amounts through a charge to income in the period in which that determination is made or when tax law changes are enacted. For further information regarding the Company’s valuation allowances, see Note 15, Income Taxes, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying the Company’s income tax positions. The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon the Company’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available as of the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, as required by the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740-10. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information regarding the Company’s uncertain tax positions, see Note 15, Income Taxes, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a description of recent accounting pronouncements and the potential impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

Impact of Inflation

Inflation affects the Company’s manufacturing costs, distribution costs and operating expenses. The Company expects raw material prices, many of which are petroleum-based, to fluctuate based upon worldwide supply and demand of commodities utilized in the Company’s production processes. Although the Company attempts to pass on increases in raw material, labor, energy and fuel-related costs to its customers, the Company’s ability to do so is dependent upon the rate and magnitude of any increase, competitive pressures and market conditions for the Company’s products. There have been in the past, and may be in the future, periods of time during which increases in these costs cannot be fully recovered. In the past, the Company has often been able to enhance productivity and develop new product innovations to help offset increases in costs resulting from inflation in its operations.

Seasonality

The Company is a calendar year-end company. Global Ceramic and Flooring NA typically have higher net sales in the second and third quarters. Flooring ROW typically has higher net sales in the first and second quarters. Because periods of economic downturn can affect the seasonality of each segment, sales for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of the sales that may be achieved for any other quarter or for the full year.

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Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s Results of Operations includes a comparison of fiscal 2022 to fiscal 2021. A similar discussion and analysis that compares fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2020 may be found in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

During the past two decades, the Company has grown significantly. Its current geographic breadth and diverse product offering are reflected in three reporting segments: Global Ceramic, Flooring NA and Flooring ROW. Global Ceramic designs, manufactures, sources and markets a broad line of ceramic tile, porcelain tile, natural stone tile and other products including natural stone, porcelain slabs and quartz countertops, which it distributes primarily in North America, Europe, Brazil and Russia through various selling channels, which include company-owned stores, independent distributors and home centers. Flooring NA designs, manufactures, sources and markets its floor covering products, including broadloom carpet, carpet tile, carpet cushion, rugs, laminate, vinyl products, including luxury vinyl tile (“LVT”) and sheet vinyl, and wood flooring, all of which it distributes through its network of regional distribution centers and satellite warehouses using Company-operated trucks, common carriers or rail transportation. The Segment’s product lines are sold through various channels, including independent floor covering retailers, independent distributors, home centers, mass merchandisers, department stores, shop at home, online retailers, buying groups, commercial contractors and commercial end users. Flooring ROW designs, manufactures, sources, licenses and markets laminate, vinyl products, including LVT and sheet vinyl, wood flooring, roofing panels, insulation boards, medium-density fiberboard (“MDF”) and chipboards, which it distributes primarily in Europe, Russia, Australia and New Zealand through various channels, including independent floor covering retailers, independent distributors, company-owned distributors, home centers, commercial contractors and commercial end users.

Mohawk is a significant supplier of every major flooring category with manufacturing operations in 19 nations and sales in approximately 170 countries. Based on its annual sales, the Company believes it is the world’s largest flooring manufacturer. A majority of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States and Europe, which are also the Company’s primary markets. Additionally, the Company maintains operations in Australia, Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Russia and other parts of the world. The Company is a leading provider of flooring for residential and commercial markets and has earned significant recognition for its innovation in design and performance as well as sustainability.

Due to its global footprint, Mohawk’s business is sensitive to macroeconomic events in the United States and abroad, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the near-term economic and financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is unpredictable, the Company may continue to see fluctuating demand across a number of its markets. In addition, as a result of Russian military actions in Ukraine, the Company experienced supply chain disruption of raw materials sourced from Ukraine (primarily clay), as well as other materials and spare parts needed in the Company’s operations. The Company was also impacted by global increases in the cost of natural gas, oil and oil-based raw materials and chemicals that were among the broader consequences of Russia’s actions. In addition, the United States, the European Union and other governments have imposed and extended sanctions on Russia as well as on certain individuals and financial institutions and have proposed the use of broader economic sanctions. Russia also imposed reciprocal sanctions against the United States and European Union. Since first quarter 2022, the Company has suspended new investments in Russia. The broader consequences of this conflict, which may include further economic sanctions, embargoes, regional instability, and geopolitical shifts; potential retaliatory actions, including nationalization of foreign-owned businesses; increased tensions between the United States and countries in which the Company operates; and the extent of the conflict’s effect on the Company’s business and results of operations, as well as the global economy, cannot be predicted.

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During the past year, rapid cost escalations in materials, energy, transportation and labor have impacted the Company’s profitability across all segments. During 2022, inflation, rising interest rates and other macroeconomic factors impacted new single-family home construction and residential remodeling in most of the Company’s major markets. As consumers faced a higher cost of living, discretionary spending – including flooring purchases – declined; and, as a result, the Company’s flooring customers reduced inventories, with the greatest impact falling in the fourth quarter. Mohawk has, to some extent, offset the impact of inflationary pressures through multiple pricing actions across product categories and geographies; improved mix from sales of higher-value, differentiated products; productivity gains in manufacturing and logistics and cost containment measures. Given the volatility of energy prices in some geographies and material prices in some product categories, these external pressures may change significantly and unpredictably, which could have an adverse impact on the Company’s results. Similarly, inflationary pressures around the globe may impact consumer and commercial investments in flooring and other large, deferrable purchases. During 2022, the Company took actions to enhance future performance including facility and product rationalizations and workforce reductions. The Company anticipates these global actions will deliver annual savings of approximately $55 to $60 million, with an estimated cost of approximately $125 to $130 million.

The Company believes it is well positioned with a strong balance sheet and limited debt. Based on its current liquidity and available credit, the Company is in a position to finance internal investments, acquisitions and/or additional stock purchases. For information on risk that could impact the Company’s results, please refer to Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Since becoming a publicly traded company in April 1992, Mohawk has grown both organically and through strategic and bolt-on acquisitions. Mohawk has completed a number of smaller acquisitions in recent years, many of which expanded the Company’s hard surface flooring distribution in Europe. In 2021, the Company purchased an Irish insulation manufacturer that complemented its existing insulation production and distribution in Ireland and the U.K. and a French MDF production plant that added additional capacity and product offerings. During 2022, the Company completed five small, bolt-on acquisitions: a wood veneer plant in Romania; a sheet vinyl producer in Poland; a mezzanine flooring manufacturer in Germany; a nonwoven carpet and rug producer in the U.S.; and a commercial flooring trim and accessories business in the U.S.

On June 3, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase the Vitromex ceramic tile business from Grupo Industrial Saltillo for approximately $293 million in cash. The Vitromex business includes four manufacturing facilities strategically located throughout Mexico. The transaction has received regulatory approval and is expected to close in the first quarter of 2023 subject to customary closing conditions.

On November 4, 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase Elizabeth Revestimentos, a Brazilian ceramic tile business, for approximately $217 million in cash. The Elizabeth business includes four manufacturing facilities strategically located throughout Brazil. The transaction closed on February 2, 2023. The Company believes that the combination of the Eliane and Elizabeth businesses should create the leading market position in Brazil and yield significant sales and operational synergies.

In 2022, the Company invested $580.7 million in capital projects for capacity expansions, cost reduction initiatives and upgrades for recent acquisitions as well as maintenance across the segments. The largest investments during this period were in the Company’s LVT portfolio to upgrade its product offering and improve profitability; premium water-proof laminate expansion in North America and Europe; quartz countertop expansion in North America; and porcelain slab expansion in Europe. In 2023, the Company plans to invest an additional amount of approximately $560 million to complete existing projects and commence new initiatives. The primary areas of investment are expected to be similar to those in 2022.

Net earnings attributable to the Company were $25.2 million for 2022 compared to $1,033.2 million for 2021. The change in net earnings was primarily attributable to higher inflation costs; the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles impairment charge; lower sales volume; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns; higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs; charges related to legal settlements, reserves and fees, net of insurance proceeds; the unfavorable net impact from of foreign exchange rates and higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs. The unfavorable impact of the aforementioned items was partially offset by the favorable net impact of price and product mix; productivity gains and lower taxes due to decreased earnings in 2022 compared to the prior year. The Company believes that a number of circumstances may impact trends in 2023, including impacts to material availability due to disruptions in the global supply chain and inflation, but the extent and duration of such impact cannot be predicted.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company generated $669.2 million of cash from operating activities. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $509.6 million, of which $299.3 million was in the United States and $210.4 million was in foreign countries, in addition to $158.0 million in short-term investments.

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Results of Operations

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Year Ended December 31, 2022, as Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2021

Net Sales

Net sales for 2022 were $11,737.1 million, reflecting an increase of $536.5 million, or 4.8%, from the $11,200.6 million reported for 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $1,564 million, partially offset by lower sales volume of approximately $580 million, the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $412 million and the unfavorable impact of one less shipping day for 2022 of approximately $40 million.

Global Ceramic—Net sales for 2022 were $4,307.7 million, reflecting an increase of $390.4 million, or 10.0%, from the $3,917.3 million reported for 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $610 million, partially offset by lower sales volume of approximately $114 million, the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $83 million and the unfavorable impact of one less shipping day for 2022 of approximately $23 million.

Flooring NA—Net sales for 2022 were $4,207.0 million, reflecting an increase of $90.6 million, or 2.2%, from the $4,116.4 million reported for 2021. The increase was attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $428 million, partially offset by lower sales volume of approximately $321 million and the unfavorable impact of one less shipping day for 2022 of approximately $17 million.

Flooring ROW—Net sales for 2022 were $3,222.3 million, reflecting an increase of $55.4 million, or 1.7%, from the $3,166.9 million reported for 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $525 million, partially offset by the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $329 million and lower sales volume of approximately $145 million.

Quarterly net sales and the percentage changes in net sales by quarter for 2022 versus 2021 were as follows (dollars in millions):

Gross Profit

Gross profit for 2022 was $2,943.4 million (25.1% of net sales), a decrease of $325.3 million or 10.0%, compared to gross profit of $3,268.7 million (29.2% of net sales) for 2021. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit decreased 410 basis points. The decrease in gross profit dollars was primarily attributable to higher inflation of approximately $1,365 million, lower sales volume of approximately $204 million, the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns of approximately $138 million, the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $67 million and higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $54 million, partially offset by the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $1,420 million and productivity gains of approximately $78 million.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for 2022 were $2,003.4 million (17.1% of net sales), an increase of $69.7 million or 3.6% compared to $1,933.7 million (17.3% of net sales) for 2021. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 20 basis points. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses (in dollars) was primarily due to legal settlements, reserves and fees, net of insurance proceeds, of approximately $54 million; the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $52 million; higher inflation costs of approximately $32 million; higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $10 million; higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs of approximately $8 million; and lower sales volume of approximately $4 million. The unfavorable impact of the aforementioned items was partially offset by the favorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $56 million and productivity gains of approximately $33 million.

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Impairment of Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangibles

During the third quarter of 2022, the Company performed interim impairment tests of its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, which resulted in impairment charges of $695.8 million ($685.6 million net of tax). The Company performed these interim tests after determining a triggering event had occurred, taking into consideration the impact of a higher weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), deteriorating macroeconomic conditions, and the reduction in the Company’s market capitalization. If, in the future, the Company’s market capitalization and/or the estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units declines further, it may be necessary to record additional impairment charges.

Operating Income (Loss)

Operating income for 2022 was $244.2 million (2.1% of net sales) reflecting a decrease of $1,090.8 million, or 81.7%, compared to operating income of $1,335.0 million (11.9% of net sales) for 2021. The decrease in operating income was primarily attributable to higher inflation costs of approximately $1,397 million; the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles impairment charge of approximately $696 million; lower sales volume of approximately $208 million; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns of approximately $138 million; higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $63 million; approximately $54 million related to legal settlements, reserves and fees, net of insurance proceeds; the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $10 million and higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs of approximately $8 million, partially offset by the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $1,368 million and productivity gains of approximately $111 million.

Global Ceramic—Operating loss was $236.1 million ((5.5)% of segment net sales) for 2022 reflecting a decrease of $639.2 million, or 158.6%, compared to operating income of $403.1 million (10.3% of segment net sales) for 2021. The decrease in operating income was primarily attributable to the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles impairment charge of approximately $689 million; higher inflation costs of approximately $454 million; lower sales volume of approximately $39 million; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns of approximately $19 million and higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs of approximately $8 million, partially offset by the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $497 million; productivity gains of approximately $63 million and the favorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $4 million.

Flooring NA—Operating income was $231.1 million (5.5% of segment net sales) for 2022 reflecting a decrease of $176.5 million, or 43.3%, compared to operating income of $407.6 million (9.9% of segment net sales) for 2021. The decrease in operating income was primarily attributable to higher inflation costs of approximately $449 million; lower sales volume of approximately $110 million; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns of approximately $57 million; higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $33 million and the indefinite-lived intangibles impairment charge of approximately $1 million, partially offset by the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $398 million and productivity gains of approximately $81 million.

Flooring ROW—Operating income was $340.2 million (10.6% of segment net sales) for 2022 reflecting a decrease of $230.9 million, or 40.4%, compared to operating income of $571.1 million (18.0% of segment net sales) for 2021. The decrease in operating income was primarily attributable to higher inflation costs of approximately $504 million; the unfavorable impact of temporary plant shutdowns of approximately $61 million; lower sales volume of approximately $60 million; decreased productivity of approximately $33 million; higher restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $30 million; the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $14 million and the indefinite-lived intangibles impairment charge of approximately $6 million, partially offset by the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $473 million.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $51.9 million for 2022, reflecting a decrease of $5.4 million compared to interest expense of $57.3 million for 2021. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to the redemption of the $600 million 3.85% Senior Notes on November 1, 2022, the redemption of the €500.0 million 2.00% Senior Notes in October 2021 and miscellaneous interest income, partially offset by the increase in commercial paper borrowings and the utilization of the Term Loan Facility in the fourth quarter of 2022.

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Other Expense (Income)

Other expense was $8.4 million for 2022, reflecting an unfavorable change of $20.6 million compared to other income of $12.2 million for 2021. The change was primarily driven by the resolution of foreign non-income tax contingencies of approximately $6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the unfavorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of approximately $9 million and the release of an indemnification receivable related to the reversal of uncertain tax positions recorded with the Emil acquisition of approximately $7 million, partially offset by other miscellaneous items of approximately $2 million.

Income Tax Expense

For 2022, the Company recorded income tax expense of $158.1 million on earnings before income taxes of $183.9 million for an effective tax rate of 86.0%, as compared to an income tax expense of $256.4 million on earnings before income taxes of $1,290.0 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 19.9% for 2021. In 2022, the lower income before taxes and the non-deductible goodwill impairment charge contributed to the higher tax rate. In 2021, the Company also recognized a one-time Italian step-up benefit allowing for the realignment of tax asset values and a benefit from a tax rate differential on a U.S. loss carryback.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s primary capital requirements are for working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions. The Company’s capital needs are met primarily through a combination of internally generated funds, commercial paper, bank credit lines, term and senior notes and credit terms from suppliers. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a total of $1,101.6 million available under its Senior Credit Facility. The Company also maintains local currency revolving lines of credit and other credit facilities to provide liquidity to its businesses around the world.  None of such local facilities are material in amount.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended 2022 was $669.2 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $1,309.1 million for the year ended 2021. This decrease of $640.0 million was primarily attributable to decreases in accounts payable and net earnings, partially offset by higher accounts receivable.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended 2022 was $625.3 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $556.8 million for the year ended 2021. The increase was primarily due to the increase in acquisitions of $85.6 million and a decrease in the redemptions of short-term investments of $78.3 million (net of purchases of short-term investments), partially offset by the decrease of capital expenditures of $95.4 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended 2022 was $194.3 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $1,232.2 million for the year ended 2021. The change in cash is primarily attributable to proceeds from the Term Loan Facility of $908.0 million, lower share repurchases of $592.8 million and lower payments on the Senior Notes of $332.3 million, partially offset by the decrease in net borrowings on commercial paper of $394.4 million.

On February 10, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its common stock. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company purchased $307.6 million of its common stock, exhausting the $36.8 million remaining under the prior share repurchase program authorized on September 16, 2021 (the “2021 Share Repurchase Program”), and utilizing $270.8 million under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. As of December 31, 2022, there remained $229.2 million authorized under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had cash of $509.6 million, of which $210.4 million was held outside the United States. In addition to its cash on hand, the Company also had short-term investments of $158.0 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company plans to permanently reinvest the cash held outside the United States. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments on hand, cash generated from operations and availability under its Senior Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet its planned capital expenditures, working capital investments and debt servicing requirements over the next twelve months.

See Note 10, Long-Term Debt, of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of the Company’s long-term debt. The Company may continue, from time to time, to retire its outstanding debt through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amount involved may be material.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following is a summary of the Company’s future minimum payments under contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2022 (in millions):

(1) For fixed-rate debt, the Company calculated interest based on the applicable rates and payment dates. For variable-rate debt, the Company estimated average outstanding balances for the respective periods and applied interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2022 to these balances.

(2) Includes volume commitments, primarily for raw material purchases.

(3) Includes the estimated pension contributions for 2023 only, as the Company is unable to estimate the pension contributions beyond 2023. The Company’s projected benefit obligation and plan assets as of December 31, 2022 were $55.2 million and $50.7 million, respectively. The projected benefit obligation liability has not been presented in the table above due to uncertainty as to amounts and timing regarding future payments.

(4) Excludes $54.6 million of non-current accrued income tax liabilities and related interest and penalties for uncertain tax positions. These liabilities have not been presented in the table above due to uncertainty as to amounts and timing regarding future payments.

(5) Includes bank guarantees and letters of credit.

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the Company must make decisions which impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. Such decisions include the selection of appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. In reaching such decisions, the Company applies judgment based on its understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances and historical experience. Actual amounts could differ from those estimated at the time the Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Some of those significant accounting policies require the Company to make subjective or complex judgments or estimates. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.

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The Company believes the following accounting policies require it to use judgments and estimates in preparing its consolidated financial statements and represent critical accounting policies.

•Acquisition accounting. The fair value of the consideration the Company pays for each new acquisition is allocated to tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets, liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity and goodwill.  The accounting for acquisitions involves a considerable amount of judgment and estimate, including the fair value of certain forms of consideration; fair value of acquired intangible assets involving projections of future revenues and cash flows that are then either discounted at an estimated discount rate or measured at an estimated royalty rate; fair value of other acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including potential contingencies; and the useful lives of the acquired assets. The assumptions used are determined at the time of the acquisition in accordance with accepted valuation models.  Projections are developed using internal forecasts, available industry and market data and estimates of long-term rates of growth for the business. The impact of prior or future acquisitions on the Company’s financial position or results of operations may be materially impacted by the change in or initial selection of assumptions and estimates. See Note 2, Acquisitions included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of business combination accounting valuation methodology and assumptions.

•Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, which for the Company are its tradenames, are tested annually for impairment in the fourth quarter or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events or substantive changes in circumstances. The Company’s annual impairment tests of goodwill and tradenames may be completed through qualitative assessments. The Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to a quantitative impairment test, for any reporting unit or tradename, in any period. The Company can resume the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit or tradename in any subsequent period.

The Company has identified Global Ceramic, Flooring NA and Flooring ROW as its reporting units for the purposes of allocating goodwill as well as assessing impairments. The Company considers the relationship between its market capitalization and its book value, among other factors, when reviewing for indicators of impairment.

Under a qualitative approach, the Company’s impairment review for goodwill consists of an assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting units, or if a qualitative assessment indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the estimated carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company performs a quantitative goodwill impairment test that requires it to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit.

The quantitative goodwill impairment tests are based on determining the fair value of the specified reporting units based on management judgments and assumptions using the discounted cash flows under the income approach classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and comparable company market valuation classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy approaches. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company will measure any goodwill impairment loss as the amount by which the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The valuation approaches are subject to key judgments and assumptions that are sensitive to change such as judgments and assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, operating margins, WACC, and comparable company market multiples. When developing these key judgments and assumptions, the Company considers economic, operational and market conditions that could impact the fair value of the reporting unit. However, estimates are inherently uncertain and represent only management’s reasonable expectations regarding future developments. These estimates and the judgments and assumptions upon which the estimates are based will, in all likelihood, differ in some respects from actual future results. Should a significant or prolonged deterioration in economic conditions occur, such as declines in spending for new construction, remodeling and replacement activities; the inability to pass increases in the costs of raw materials and fuel on to customers; or a decline in comparable company market multiples, then key judgments and assumptions could be impacted.

Under a qualitative approach, the Company’s impairment review for tradenames consists of an assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that a tradename’s fair value is less than its carrying value. If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for any tradename, or if a qualitative assessment indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the estimated carrying value of a tradename exceeds its fair value, the Company performs a quantitative tradename impairment test of the tradename.

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The quantitative impairment test for tradenames involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of the tradename to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the tradename exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The determination of fair value used in the impairment evaluation is based on discounted estimates of future sales projections attributable to ownership of the tradenames. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, royalty rates, discount rates and the amount of expected future cash flows. The judgments and assumptions used in the estimate of fair value are generally consistent with past performance and are also consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in operating plans. Such assumptions are subject to change as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions. The determination of fair value is highly sensitive to differences between estimated and actual cash flows and changes in the related discount rate used to evaluate the fair value of the tradenames. Estimated cash flows are sensitive to changes in the economy among other things.

As a result of a decrease in the Company’s market capitalization, comparable company market multiples, projected future cash flows and an increase in the WACC due to increases in the risk free rate and applicable risk premiums, the Company determined that a triggering event occurred requiring goodwill impairment testing for each of its reporting units as of October 1, 2022. The impairment test indicated a pre-tax, non-cash goodwill impairment charge related to the Global Ceramic reporting unit of $688,514 ($679,664 net of tax) which the Company recorded during the third quarter of 2022. The Company concluded goodwill of its other reporting units was not impaired on October 1, 2022. In addition, the Company compared the estimated fair values of its indefinite-lived intangibles to their carrying values and determined that there were impairments of $7,257 ($5,939 net of tax) in the Flooring ROW and Flooring NA reporting units during the third quarter of 2022.

The excess of fair value over carrying value for the Flooring ROW reporting unit was approximately 20% and the excess of fair value over carrying value for the Flooring NA reporting unit was less than 5% as of October 1, 2022. The Company’s annual testing date for goodwill and tradenames is the first day of its fourth quarter and due to the fact that there were no significant changes in facts or circumstances in the one calendar day, the Company determined there was no additional impairment of goodwill or tradenames. The Company conducted a qualitative analysis as of December 31, 2022 and determined there was no indication of an impairment.

A significant or prolonged deterioration in economic conditions, continued increases in the costs of raw materials and energy combined with an inability to pass these costs on to customers, a further decline in the Company’s market capitalization or comparable company market multiples, a reduction in projected future cash flows, or increases in the WACC, could impact the Company’s assumptions and require a reassessment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment in future periods.

•Long-lived assets. The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups, which include intangible assets subject to amortization, which for the Company are its patents and customer relationships, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such asset groups may not be recoverable. Recoverability of asset groups to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of long-lived assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by these asset groups. If such asset groups are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs of disposal and are no longer depreciated.

•Income taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate is based on its income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and respective governmental taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s tax expense and in evaluating the Company’s tax positions. Deferred tax assets represent amounts available to reduce income taxes payable on taxable income in a future period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of these future tax benefits by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income inherently rely on estimates, including business forecasts and other projections of financial results over an extended period of time. In the event that the Company is not able to realize all or a portion of its deferred tax assets in the future, a valuation allowance is provided. The Company would recognize such amounts through a charge to income in the period in which that determination is made or when tax law changes are enacted. For further information regarding the Company’s valuation allowances, see Note 15, Income Taxes, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying the Company’s income tax positions. The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon the Company’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available as of the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, as required by the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740-10. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information regarding the Company’s uncertain tax positions, see Note 15, Income Taxes, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a description of recent accounting pronouncements and the potential impact on our financial statements and disclosures.

Impact of Inflation

Inflation affects the Company’s manufacturing costs, distribution costs and operating expenses. The Company expects raw material prices, many of which are petroleum-based, to fluctuate based upon worldwide supply and demand of commodities utilized in the Company’s production processes. Although the Company attempts to pass on increases in raw material, labor, energy and fuel-related costs to its customers, the Company’s ability to do so is dependent upon the rate and magnitude of any increase, competitive pressures and market conditions for the Company’s products. There have been in the past, and may be in the future, periods of time during which increases in these costs cannot be fully recovered. In the past, the Company has often been able to enhance productivity and develop new product innovations to help offset increases in costs resulting from inflation in its operations.

Seasonality

The Company is a calendar year-end company. Global Ceramic and the Flooring NA typically have higher net sales in the second and third quarters. Flooring ROW typically has higher net sales in the second and fourth quarters. Because periods of economic downturn can affect the seasonality of each segment, sales for any one quarter are not necessarily indicative of the sales that may be achieved for any other quarter or for the full year.

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Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The following discussion and analysis of the Company’s Results of Operations includes a comparison of fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2020. A similar discussion and analysis that compares fiscal 2020 to fiscal 2019 may be found in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

During the past two decades, the Company has grown significantly. Its current geographic breadth and diverse product offering are reflected in three reporting segments: Global Ceramic; Flooring North America (“Flooring NA”); and Flooring Rest of the World (“Flooring ROW”). The Global Ceramic Segment designs, manufactures, sources and markets a broad line of ceramic tile, porcelain tile, natural stone tile and other products including natural stone, porcelain slabs and quartz countertops, which it distributes primarily in North America, Europe, Brazil and Russia through various selling channels, which include company-owned stores, independent distributors and home centers. The Flooring NA Segment designs, manufactures, sources and markets its floor covering products, including broadloom carpet, carpet tile, carpet cushion, rugs, laminate, vinyl products, including luxury vinyl tile (“LVT”) and sheet vinyl, and wood flooring, all of which it distributes through its network of regional distribution centers and satellite warehouses using Company-operated trucks, common carriers or rail transportation. The Segment’s product lines are sold through various channels, including independent floor covering retailers, independent distributors, home centers, mass merchandisers, department stores, shop at home, online retailers, buying groups, commercial contractors and commercial end users. The Flooring ROW Segment designs, manufactures, sources, licenses and markets laminate, vinyl products, including LVT and sheet vinyl, wood flooring, roofing panels, insulation boards, medium-density fiberboard (“MDF”) and chipboards, which it distributes primarily in Europe, Russia, Australia and New Zealand through various channels, including independent floor covering retailers, independent distributors, company-owned distributors, home centers, commercial contractors and commercial end users.

Mohawk is a significant supplier of every major flooring category with manufacturing operations in 18 nations and sales in approximately 170 countries. Based on its annual sales, the Company believes it is the world’s largest flooring manufacturer. A majority of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the United States and Europe, which are also the Company’s primary markets. Additionally, the Company maintains operations in the United Kingdom, Russia, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and other parts of the world. The Company is a leading provider of flooring for residential and commercial markets and has earned significant recognition for its innovation in design and performance as well as sustainability.

Due to its global footprint, Mohawk’s business is sensitive to macroeconomic events in the United States and abroad. The current environment has placed unprecedented demands on the Company’s operations as the COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to the Company’s markets and operations around the world. While the near-term economic and financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is improving in its residential markets, the Company expects that it will continue to see fluctuating demand across a number of its markets. During 2020, the Company completed actions prompted by the evolving COVID-19 pandemic to enhance future performance including site closings, other facility and product rationalizations and workforce reductions. These global actions delivered savings of approximately $110 million in the aggregate in 2020 and 2021, with costs of approximately $168 million.

During 2021, inflation in materials, energy, transportation and labor has impacted the Company’s profitability across all segments. Mohawk has, to some extent, offset the impact of inflationary pressures through multiple pricing actions across product categories and geographies; improved mix from sales of higher-value, differentiated products; and productivity gains in manufacturing and logistics. In the near future, the Company might not foresee significant changes in these external pressures, which could have an adverse impact on the Company’s results. In Europe, natural gas prices accelerated at an unprecedented pace due to supply shortages and are presently more than five times higher than last year. Given the unexpected acceleration of natural gas expenses, the European flooring industry will require some time to align product prices with higher energy costs, which could result from pricing actions, de-escalation of energy costs or a combination of the two factors. The duration of the natural gas price spike is unpredictable, and the Company will explore all options to manage the impact of energy inflation while continuing to deliver service to customers, but this energy inflation could impact future results of operations.

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The Company believes it has the experience and resources necessary to capitalize on opportunities that will arise given projected strength in residential new construction and remodeling and forecasts for lower inflation, improved global supply chain issues and eventual pandemic containment. The Company also believes it is well positioned with a strong balance sheet and limited debt. Based on its current liquidity and available credit, the Company is in a position to finance internal investments, acquisitions and/or additional stock purchases. Finally, the Company is applying recommendations of local health authorities with procedures that minimize COVID-19 pandemic exposure risk for employees, suppliers, customers and other stakeholders. For information on risk that could impact the Company’s results, please refer to “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Since becoming a publicly traded company in April 1992, Mohawk has grown both organically and through strategic and bolt-on acquisitions. The Company’s most recent major acquisitions were in 2018: Godfrey Hirst, the largest floor covering manufacturer in Australia and New Zealand; and Eliane, a leading manufacturer and exporter of ceramic tile in Brazil. Mohawk has completed a number of smaller acquisitions during the past three years; many of which expanded the Company’s hard surface flooring distribution in Europe. During 2021, the Company purchased an Irish insulation manufacturer that complemented its existing insulation production and distribution in Ireland and the U.K. and a French MDF production plant that added additional capacity and product offerings.

In 2021, the Company invested $676.1 million in capital projects to expand capacities, create differentiated products, and improve productivity.  The largest investments during this period were ceramic tile capacity increases in Brazil, Italy, and Russia; premium laminate capacity increases in North America and Europe; LVT in North America; and countertop expansions in North America and Europe. In 2022, the Company plans to invest an additional amount of approximately $800 million to complete existing projects and commence new initiatives. The Company plans to invest in cost reduction initiatives, upgrades in recent acquisitions and previously initiated expansion projects as well as maintenance across the businesses. The main investment areas include the Company’s LVT portfolio to upgrade its product offering and improve profitability; premium water-proof laminate in North America and Europe; ceramic capacity increases in Brazil, Italy, and Russia; and countertop expansion in North America and Europe.

Net earnings attributable to the Company were $1,033.2 million, or diluted EPS of $14.94 for 2021 compared to net earnings attributable to the Company of $515.6 million, or diluted EPS of $7.22 for 2020. The change in EPS was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix, the favorable net impact of higher volumes, productivity gains, lower restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs, the favorable impact due to fewer short-term manufacturing disruptions and the favorable net impact from foreign exchange rates, partially offset by higher inflation, higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs and higher startup costs. The Company’s operations and net earnings for 2020 were affected by broader economic conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the Company experienced decreasing demand during the first six months of 2020 and increased costs associated with short-term reductions in manufacturing output. The Company believes that a number of circumstances may impact trends in 2022, including the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, impacts to material availability due to disruptions in the global supply chain and inflation, but the extent and duration of such impact cannot be predicted.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company generated $1,309.1 million of cash from operating activities. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $268.9 million, of which $68.4 million was in the United States and $200.5 million was in foreign countries, in addition to $323.0 million in short-term investments. On October 19, 2021, the Company redeemed at par the 2.00% Senior Notes, originally due on January 14, 2022, and paid the remaining €500 million outstanding principal of the 2.00% Senior Notes, plus any unpaid interest, utilizing cash on hand.

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Results of Operations

Following are the results of operations for the last two years:

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Year Ended December 31, 2021, as Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2020

Net sales

Net sales for 2021 were $11,200.6 million, reflecting an increase of $1,648.4 million, or 17.3%, from the $9,552.2 million reported for 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $792 million, higher volumes of approximately $739 million, and the favorable net impact from foreign exchange rates of approximately $160 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact from one less shipping day for 2021 of approximately $42 million. In 2020, the Company’s global sales were affected by broader economic conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the Company experienced decreasing demand during the first six months of 2020.

Global Ceramic Segment—Net sales increased $484.5 million, or 14.1%, to $3,917.3 million for 2021, compared to $3,432.8 million for 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $239 million, higher volumes of approximately $236 million and the favorable net impact from foreign exchange rates of approximately $22 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact from one less shipping day for 2021 of approximately $12 million.

Flooring NA Segment—Net sales increased $522.3 million, or 14.5%, to $4,116.4 million for 2021, compared to $3,594.1 million for 2020. The increase was attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $269 million and higher volumes of approximately $275 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact from one less shipping day for 2021 of approximately $21 million.

Flooring ROW Segment—Net sales increased $641.5 million, or 25.4%, to $3,166.9 million for 2021, compared to $2,525.4 million for 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $284 million, higher volumes of approximately $228 million and the favorable net impact from foreign exchange rates of approximately $138 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact from one less shipping day for 2021 of approximately $9 million.

Quarterly net sales and the percentage changes in net sales by quarter for 2021 versus 2020 were as follows (dollars in millions):

Gross profit

Gross profit for 2021 was $3,268.7 million (29.2% of net sales), an increase of $838.0 million or 34.5%, compared to gross profit of $2,430.7 million (25.4% of net sales) for 2020. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit increased 380 basis points. The increase in gross profit dollars was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $593 million, productivity gains of approximately $263 million, higher volumes of approximately $257 million, lower restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $107 million, the favorable impact of approximately $90 million due to fewer short-term manufacturing disruptions and the favorable net impact from foreign exchange rates of approximately $55 million, partially offset by higher inflation of approximately $524 million and approximately $4 million of higher startup cost. As previously discussed, the Company’s operations for the period did not reflect normal seasonality in 2020 and were affected by broader economic conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the Company experienced increased costs associated with short-term reductions in manufacturing output in addition to decreased demand during the first six months of 2020.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for 2021 were $1,933.7 million (17.3% of net sales), an increase of $139.0 million or 7.7% compared to $1,794.7 million (18.8% of net sales) for 2020. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 150 basis points. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in dollars was primarily attributable to an increase in costs that were curtailed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic of approximately $54 million, higher volumes of approximately $45 million, higher inflation costs of approximately $35 million, the unfavorable net impact from foreign exchange rates of approximately $20 million, higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs of approximately $9 million and the unfavorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $7 million, partially offset by the lower restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $31 million.

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Operating income

Operating income for 2021 was $1,335.0 million (11.9% of net sales) reflecting an increase of $699.0 million, or 109.9%, compared to operating income of $636.0 million (6.7% of net sales) for 2020. The increase in operating income was primarily attributable to approximately $586 million due to the favorable net impact of price and product mix, higher volumes of approximately $212 million, productivity gains of approximately $209 million, the impact of lower restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $138 million, the favorable impact due to fewer short-term manufacturing disruptions of approximately $90 million and the favorable net impact from foreign exchange rates of approximately $34 million, partially offset by higher inflation costs of approximately $559 million, higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs of approximately $9 million and higher startup costs of approximately $4 million. As previously discussed, the Company’s operations for 2020 were negatively impacted by disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in decreased demand during the first six months of 2020 and increased costs associated with short-term reductions in manufacturing output.

Global Ceramic Segment—Operating income was $403.1 million (10.3% of segment net sales) for 2021 reflecting an increase of $235.4 million, or 140.3%, compared to operating income of $167.7 million (4.9% of segment net sales) for 2020. The increase in operating income was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $167 million, higher productivity gains of approximately $82 million, lower restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $63 million, higher volumes of approximately $62 million and the favorable impact due to fewer short-term manufacturing disruptions of approximately $38 million, partially offset by higher inflation costs of approximately $173 million and higher costs associated with investments in new product development and marketing costs of approximately $9 million.

Flooring NA Segment—Operating income was $407.6 million (9.9% of segment net sales) for 2021 reflecting an increase of $260.2 million, or 176.5%, compared to operating income of $147.4 million (4.1% of segment net sales) for 2020. The increase in operating income was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $177 million, higher productivity gains of approximately $135 million, higher volumes of approximately $66 million, the favorable impact due to fewer short-term manufacturing disruptions of approximately $39 million and lower restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $34 million, partially offset by higher inflation costs of approximately $189 million.

Flooring ROW Segment—Operating income was $571.1 million (18.0% of segment net sales) for 2021 reflecting an increase of $204.2 million, or 55.7%, compared to operating income of $366.9 million (14.5% of segment net sales) for 2020. The increase in operating income was primarily attributable to the favorable net impact of price and product mix of approximately $242 million, higher volumes of approximately $84 million, lower restructuring, acquisition and integration-related costs of approximately $36 million, the favorable net impact from foreign exchange rates of approximately $35 million and the favorable impact due to fewer short-term manufacturing disruptions of approximately $14 million, partially offset by higher inflation costs of approximately $193 million, an increase in costs that were curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic of approximately $7 million and higher startup costs of $4 million.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $57.3 million for 2021, reflecting an increase of $4.9 million compared to interest expense of $52.4 million for 2020. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company issued new long-term debt to strengthen its liquidity position during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, which shifted the Company from a mix of fixed and floating rate debt, with a lower average interest rate, to more fixed rate debt, which carries a higher average interest rate. The higher average interest rate impacted interest expense for all of 2021 compared to a portion of 2020, with the impact partially offset by the early redemption of the €500.0 million 2.00% Senior Notes in October 2021 and the prepayment of the Term Loan Facility of $500.0 million in May 2020.

Other expense (income)

Other income was $12.2 million for 2021, reflecting a favorable change of $11.4 million compared to other income of $0.8 million for 2020. The change was primarily attributable to the resolution of foreign non-income tax contingencies of $6.2 million, favorable net impact of foreign exchange rates of $1.5 million, an impairment charge of $3.6 million related to the Company’s net investment in a joint venture in Brazil during 2020 and other miscellaneous items.

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Income tax expense

For 2021, the Company recorded income tax expense of $256.4 million on earnings before income taxes of $1,290.0 million for an effective tax rate of 19.9%, as compared to an income tax expense of $68.6 million on earnings before income taxes of $584.4 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 11.7% for 2020. In 2021, the Company was impacted by significant pre-tax income differences between the 2020 and 2021 periods that was a result of the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, a one-time Italian step-up benefit allowing for the realignment of tax asset values, and carryback rate differential in the U.S. In 2020, the Company realized a $33.8 million carryback rate differential in the U.S. and had a $10.3 million tax benefit from a foreign exchange loss on previously taxed earnings distributed during the year.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s primary capital requirements are for working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions. The Company’s capital needs are met primarily through a combination of internally generated funds, commercial paper, bank credit lines, term and senior notes and credit terms from suppliers. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had a total of $1,184.7 million available under its Senior Credit Facility. The Company also maintains local currency revolving lines of credit and other credit facilities to provide liquidity to its businesses around the world.  None of such local facilities are material in amount.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended 2021 was $1,309.1 million, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $1,769.8 million for the year ended 2020. This decrease of $460.7 million was primarily attributable to changes in working capital, partially offset by higher net earnings.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended 2021 was $556.8 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $954.8 million for the year ended 2020. The decrease was primarily due to the increase in the redemptions of short-term investments of $772.6 million (net of purchases of short-term investments), partially offset by the increase of capital expenditures of $250.6 million and an increase in acquisitions of $124.0 million.

Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended 2021 was $1,232.2 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $188.2 million for the year ended 2020. The change in cash used in financing is primarily attributable to the lower proceeds from the Senior Notes of $1,667.6 million (net of repayments of $605.3 million) and higher share repurchases of $711.7 million, partially offset by the reduced net pay down on commercial paper of $1,310.3 million.

On September 16, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its common stock. This was in addition to the previously approved 2020 Share Repurchase Program. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased $900.3 million of its common stock, exhausting the $437.2 million remaining under the 2020 Share Repurchase Program, and utilizing $463.1 million under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program. As of December 31, 2021, there remained $36.8 million authorized under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program.

On February 10, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program, authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $500 million of its common stock. As of February 10, 2022, there remained zero authorized under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had cash of $268.9 million, of which $200.5 million was held outside the United States. In addition to its cash on hand, the Company also had short-term investments of $323.0 million as of December 31, 2021. The Company plans to permanently reinvest the cash held outside the United States. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments on hand, cash generated from operations and availability under its Senior Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet its planned capital expenditures, further working capital investment and debt servicing requirements over the next twelve months.

See Note 10. Long-Term Debt, of the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of the Company’s long-term debt. The Company may continue, from time to time, to retire its outstanding debt through cash purchases in the open market, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, the Company’s liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. The amount involved may be material.

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Contractual obligations and commitments

The following is a summary of the Company’s future minimum payments under contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2021 (in millions):

(1)For fixed rate debt, the Company calculated interest based on the applicable rates and payment dates. For variable rate debt, the Company estimated average outstanding balances for the respective periods and applied interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2021 to these balances.

(2)Includes volume commitments for primarily raw material purchases.

(3)Includes the estimated pension contributions for 2022 only, as the Company is unable to estimate the pension contributions beyond 2022. The Company’s projected benefit obligation and plan assets as of December 31, 2021 were $80.3 million and $65.1 million, respectively. The projected benefit obligation liability has not been presented in the table above due to uncertainty as to amounts and timing regarding future payments.

(4)Excludes $53.4 million of non-current accrued income tax liabilities and related interest and penalties for uncertain tax positions. These liabilities have not been presented in the table above due to uncertainty as to amounts and timing regarding future payments.

(5)Includes bank guarantees and letters of credit.

Critical Accounting Policies

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the Company must make decisions which impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. Such decisions include the selection of appropriate accounting principles to be applied and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. In reaching such decisions, the Company applies judgment based on its understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances and historical experience. Actual amounts could differ from those estimated at the time the consolidated financial statements are prepared.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. Some of those significant accounting policies require the Company to make subjective or complex judgments or estimates. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of a company’s financial condition and results and require management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.

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The Company believes the following accounting policies require it to use judgments and estimates in preparing its consolidated financial statements and represent critical accounting policies.

•Accounts receivable and revenue recognition. The Company recognizes revenues when it satisfies performance obligations as evidenced by the transfer of control of the promised goods to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods. The nature of the promised goods are ceramic, stone, carpet, resilient, laminate, wood and other flooring products. Payment is typically received 90 days or less from the invoice date. The Company adjusts the amounts of revenue for expected cash discounts, sales allowances, returns, and claims, based upon historical experience. The Company adjusts accounts receivable for doubtful account allowances based upon relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount, periodic evaluation of specific customer accounts, and the aging of accounts receivable. If the Company expects the financial condition of the Company’s customers to deteriorate based on current conditions or reasonable and supportable forecasts, additional allowances may be required. A 10% change in the Company’s allowance for discounts, returns, claims and doubtful accounts would have affected net earnings by approximately $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

•Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market (net realizable value). Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market (net realizable value). Cost has been determined using the first-in first-out method (“FIFO”). Costs included in inventory include raw materials, direct and indirect labor and employee benefits, depreciation, general manufacturing overhead and various other costs of manufacturing. Market, with respect to all inventories, is replacement cost or net realizable value. Inventories on hand are compared against anticipated future usage, which is a function of historical usage, anticipated future selling price, expected sales below cost, excessive quantities and an evaluation for obsolescence. Actual results could differ from assumptions used to value obsolete inventory, excessive inventory or inventory expected to be sold below cost, and a 10% change in the Company’s assumptions for excess or obsolete inventory would have affected net earnings by approximately $13 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.

•Acquisition Accounting. The fair value of the consideration the Company pays for each new acquisition is allocated to tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets, liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity and goodwill.  The accounting for acquisitions involves a considerable amount of judgment and estimate, including the fair value of certain forms of consideration; fair value of acquired intangible assets involving projections of future revenues and cash flows that are then either discounted at an estimated discount rate or measured at an estimated royalty rate; fair value of other acquired assets and assumed liabilities, including potential contingencies; and the useful lives of the acquired assets. The assumptions used are determined at the time of the acquisition in accordance with accepted valuation models.  Projections are developed using internal forecasts, available industry and market data and estimates of long-term rates of growth for the business. The impact of prior or future acquisitions on the Company’s financial position or results of operations may be materially impacted by the change in or initial selection of assumptions and estimates.  See Note 2, Acquisitions included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for further discussion of business combination accounting valuation methodology and assumptions.

•Goodwill and other intangibles. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment in the fourth quarter or earlier upon the occurrence of certain events or substantive changes in circumstances. The Company considers the relationship between its market capitalization and its book value, among other factors, when reviewing for indicators of impairment. The goodwill impairment tests are based on determining the fair value of the specified reporting units based on management judgments and assumptions using the discounted cash flows and comparable company market valuation approaches. The Company has identified Global Ceramic, Flooring NA and Flooring ROW as its reporting units for the purposes of allocating goodwill and intangibles as well as assessing impairments. The valuation approaches are subject to key judgments and assumptions that are sensitive to change such as judgments and assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, operating margins, weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), and comparable company market multiples. When developing these key judgments and assumptions, the Company considers economic, operational and market conditions that could impact the fair value of the reporting unit. However, estimates are inherently uncertain and represent only management’s reasonable expectations regarding future developments. These estimates and the judgments and assumptions upon which the estimates are based will, in all likelihood, differ in some respects from actual future results. Should a significant or prolonged deterioration in economic conditions occur, such as declines in spending for new construction, remodeling and replacement activities; the inability to pass increases in the costs of raw materials and fuel on to customers; or a decline in comparable company market multiples, then key judgments and assumptions could be impacted. Generally, a decline in estimated after tax cash flows greater than approximately 24% to 43% or a percentage increase of approximately 22% to 60% in WACC or a significant or prolonged decline in market capitalization could result in an additional indication of impairment.

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The impairment test for intangible assets not subject to amortization involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, royalty rates, WACC and the amount of expected future cash flows. These judgments and assumptions are subject to the variability discussed above.

The impairment evaluation for indefinite lived intangible assets, which for the Company are its trademarks, is conducted on the first day of the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset might be impaired. The determination of fair value used in the impairment evaluation is based on discounted estimates of future sales projections attributable to ownership of the trademarks. Significant judgments inherent in this analysis include assumptions about appropriate sales growth rates, royalty rates, WACC and the amount of expected future cash flows. The judgments and assumptions used in the estimate of fair value are generally consistent with past performance and are also consistent with the projections and assumptions that are used in operating plans. Such assumptions are subject to change as a result of changing economic and competitive conditions. The determination of fair value is highly sensitive to differences between estimated and actual cash flows and changes in the related discount rate used to evaluate the fair value of the trademarks. Estimated cash flows are sensitive to changes in the economy among other things.

The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups, which include intangible assets subject to amortization, which for the Company are its patents and customer relationships, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such asset groups may not be recoverable. Recoverability of asset groups to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of long-lived assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by these asset groups. If such asset groups are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the fair value of the asset group. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less estimated costs of disposal and are no longer depreciated.

The Company conducted its annual assessment of goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles on the first day of the fourth quarter and no impairment was indicated for 2021. While the Company has concluded that neither goodwill nor any of its indefinite-lived intangible assets were impaired during the year ended December 31, 2021, a prolonged pandemic could impact the Company’s assumptions utilized in the determination of the estimated fair values of the Company’s reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets significantly enough to trigger an impairment.

•Income taxes. The Company’s effective tax rate is based on its income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available in the jurisdictions in which it operates. Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and respective governmental taxing authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s tax expense and in evaluating the Company’s tax positions. Deferred tax assets represent amounts available to reduce income taxes payable on taxable income in a future period. The Company evaluates the recoverability of these future tax benefits by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including reversal of taxable temporary differences, forecasted operating earnings and available tax planning strategies. These sources of income inherently rely on estimates, including business forecasts and other projections of financial results over an extended period of time. In the event that the Company is not able to realize all or a portion of its deferred tax assets in the future, a valuation allowance is provided. The Company would recognize such amounts through a charge to income in the period in which that determination is made or when tax law changes are enacted. For further information regarding the Company’s valuation allowances, see Note 15, Income Taxes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying the Company’s income tax positions. The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon the Company’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available as of the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, as required by the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic (“ASC”) 740-10. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. For further information regarding the Company’s uncertain tax positions, see Note 15, Income Taxes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

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•Environmental and legal accruals. Environmental and legal accruals are estimates based on judgments made by the Company relating to ongoing environmental and legal proceedings, as disclosed in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In determining whether a liability is probable and reasonably estimable, the Company consults with its internal experts. The Company believes that the amounts recorded in the accompanying financial statements are based on the best estimates and judgments available to it.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1(y), “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”, of the Company’s accompanying audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K for a description of recent accounting pronouncements including the dates, or expected dates of adoption, and effects, or expected effects, on the Company’s disclosures, results of operations and financial condition.

Impact of Inflation

Inflation affects the Company’s manufacturing costs, distribution costs and operating expenses. The Company expects raw material prices, many of which are petroleum-based, to fluctuate based upon worldwide supply and demand of commodities utilized in the Company’s production processes. Although the Company attempts to pass on increases in raw material, labor, energy and fuel-related costs to its customers, the Company’s ability to do so is dependent upon the rate and magnitude of any increase, competitive pressures and market conditions for the Company’s products. There have been in the past, and may be in the future, periods of time during which increases in these costs cannot be fully recovered. In the past, the Company has often been able to enhance productivity and develop new product innovations to help offset increases in costs resulting from inflation in its operations.

Seasonality

The Company is a calendar year-end company. With respect to its Global Ceramic Segment, the second quarter typically sees higher net sales, followed by the third and first quarters, while the fourth quarter shows weaker net sales. For the segment’s operating income, generally, the second quarter shows stronger earnings, followed by third and first quarters, and the fourth quarter shows weaker earnings. The Flooring NA Segment’s second quarter typically produces higher net sales followed by moderate third and fourth quarters, and a weaker first quarter. For the segment’s operating income, historically, the third quarter shows stronger earnings, followed by second and fourth quarters, and a weaker first quarter. The Flooring ROW Segment’s second quarter historically typically produces higher net sales followed by moderate fourth and third quarters, and a weaker first quarter. For the segment’s operating income, generally, the second quarter shows stronger earnings, followed by first and third quarters, and the fourth quarter shows weaker earnings.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant volatility in the global economy and has led to unpredictable economic activity and impacted the supply chain for raw materials and sourced finished goods. The Company expects the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to continue to impact normal seasonality trends into 2022, but the extent and duration of such impact cannot be predicted.

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