grepcent / static financial knowledge base

MARRIOTT VACATIONS WORLDWIDE Corp (VAC)

CIK: 0001524358. SIC: 6531 Real Estate Agents & Managers (For Others). Latest 10-K as of: 2026-03-02.

SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Real Estate > SIC 6531 Real Estate Agents & Managers (For Others)

SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1524358. Latest filing source: 0001524358-26-000010.

Informational only - descriptive public-record data, not investment advice.

Business

Read VAC's verbatim Item 1 Business section from its latest 10-K: Business.

Risk Factors

Read VAC's verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from its latest 10-K: Risk Factors.

Selected Fundamentals

MetricValueUnitFYFiled
Revenue5,032,000,000USD20252026-03-02
Net income-308,000,000USD20252026-03-02
Assets9,757,000,000USD20252026-03-02

Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-03-02. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001524358.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

Download these verified figures (annual + quarterly, with per-value filing provenance): JSON · CSV

Flow metrics use full-year FY periods from 10-K/10-K/A filings; balance-sheet metrics use FY-end instants. Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures. Missing metrics are omitted rather than fabricated.

Metric2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Revenue2,000,000,0002,183,000,0002,968,000,0004,259,000,0002,886,000,0003,890,000,0004,656,000,0004,727,000,0004,967,000,0005,032,000,000
Net income122,000,000235,000,00055,000,000138,000,000-275,000,00049,000,000391,000,000254,000,000218,000,000-308,000,000
Diluted EPS4.298.491.613.09-6.651.138.776.285.61-8.84
Operating cash flow141,000,000142,000,00097,000,000382,000,000299,000,000343,000,000522,000,000232,000,000205,000,00028,000,000
Capital expenditures35,000,00026,000,00040,000,00046,000,00041,000,00047,000,00065,000,000118,000,00057,000,00057,000,000
Dividends paid34,000,00038,000,00051,000,00081,000,00045,000,00023,000,00099,000,000106,000,000107,000,000110,000,000
Share buybacks178,000,00088,000,00096,000,000465,000,00082,000,00078,000,000701,000,000286,000,00056,000,00061,000,000
Assets2,391,419,0002,845,000,0009,018,000,0009,214,000,0008,898,000,0009,613,000,0009,639,000,0009,680,000,0009,808,000,0009,757,000,000
Liabilities1,483,600,0001,804,000,0005,552,000,0006,183,000,0006,216,000,0006,627,000,0007,141,000,0007,298,000,0007,367,000,0007,764,000,000
Stockholders' equity907,819,0001,041,000,0003,461,000,0003,019,000,0002,651,000,0002,976,000,0002,496,000,0002,382,000,0002,442,000,0001,993,000,000
Cash and cash equivalents147,102,000409,000,000231,000,000287,000,000524,000,000342,000,000524,000,000248,000,000197,000,000406,000,000
Free cash flow106,000,000116,000,00057,000,000336,000,000258,000,000296,000,000457,000,000114,000,000148,000,000-29,000,000

Ratios

ROE and ROA use period-end equity/assets. Liabilities / equity uses total liabilities divided by stockholders' equity. Current ratio uses current assets divided by current liabilities when both are reported.

Metric2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Net margin6.10%10.77%1.85%3.24%-9.53%1.26%8.40%5.37%4.39%-6.12%
Return on equity13.44%22.57%1.59%4.57%-10.37%1.65%15.67%10.66%8.93%-15.45%
Return on assets5.10%8.26%0.61%1.50%-3.09%0.51%4.06%2.62%2.22%-3.16%
Liabilities / equity1.631.731.602.052.342.232.863.063.023.90

Industry Peer Context

Each number-line places VAC against the min, median, and max of latest reported values among companies in the same SIC industry when at least three peers report that ratio.

Net margin peer context

VAC Net margin versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6531; peer count 8.VAC Net margin versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6531; peer count 8.8 SIC peersMin -6.1%Median 0.6%Max 4.6%VAC -6.1%

ROE peer context

VAC ROE versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6531; peer count 8.VAC ROE versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6531; peer count 8.8 SIC peersMin -15.5%Median 1.3%Max 10.6%VAC -15.5%

ROA peer context

VAC ROA versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6531; peer count 8.VAC ROA versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6531; peer count 8.8 SIC peersMin -5.1%Median 1.0%Max 4.4%VAC -3.2%

Financial Bridges

Waterfall figures reconcile reported SEC companyfacts components. Missing bridges are omitted when required components are not present for the same fiscal year.

Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures

VAC FY2025 free cash flow bridge from reported figures.VAC FY2025 free cash flow bridge from reported figures.VAC free cash flow bridgeFY2025: operating cash flow less capital expendituresSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Free cash flow bridgeReported amount-$250.0M$0.0B$250.0M$28.0MOperating cash flow-$57.0MCapex-$29.0MFree cash flow

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts FY 2025. Operating cash flow: accession 0001524358-26-000010; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | Capital expenditures: accession 0001524358-26-000010; concept PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | Free cash flow: accession 0001524358-26-000010; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment

Financial Charts

VAC revenue, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC revenue, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC RevenueLatest point: FY2025 = $5.0BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearReported revenue$0.0B$3.0B$6.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: Revenues. Source concepts: us-gaap:Revenues.

VAC net income, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC net income, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Net incomeLatest point: FY2025 = -$308.0MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearNet income-$500.0M$0.0B$500.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.

VAC diluted eps, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC diluted eps, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Diluted EPSLatest point: FY2025 = -$8.84/shareSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearDiluted EPS (USD/share)-$10.00/share$0.00/share$15.00/shareFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.

VAC operating cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC operating cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Operating cash flowLatest point: FY2025 = $28.0MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearOperating cash flow$0.0B$375.0M$750.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities.

VAC capital expenditures, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC capital expenditures, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Capital expendituresLatest point: FY2025 = $57.0MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearCapital expenditures$0.0B$125.0M$250.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.

VAC dividends paid, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC dividends paid, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Dividends paidLatest point: FY2025 = $110.0MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearDividends paid$0.0B$125.0M$250.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: PaymentsOfDividends. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividends.

VAC share buybacks, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC share buybacks, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Share buybacksLatest point: FY2025 = $61.0MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearShare buybacks$0.0B$375.0M$750.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock.

VAC assets, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC assets, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC AssetsLatest point: FY2025 = $9.8BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearAssets$0.0B$5.0B$10.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: Assets. Source concepts: us-gaap:Assets.

VAC liabilities, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC liabilities, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC LiabilitiesLatest point: FY2025 = $7.8BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearLiabilities$0.0B$4.0B$8.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: Liabilities. Source concepts: us-gaap:Liabilities.

VAC stockholders' equity, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC stockholders' equity, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Stockholders' equityLatest point: FY2025 = $2.0BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearStockholders' equity$0.0B$2.0B$4.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: StockholdersEquity. Source concepts: us-gaap:StockholdersEquity.

VAC cash and cash equivalents, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC cash and cash equivalents, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Cash and cash equivalentsLatest point: FY2025 = $406.0MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearCash and cash equivalents$0.0B$375.0M$750.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue. Source concepts: us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue.

VAC free cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC free cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.VAC Free cash flowLatest point: FY2025 = -$29.0MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearFree cash flow-$250.0M$0.0B$750.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001524358-26-000010; filed 2026-03-02. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.

Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-05. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001524358.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

QuarterEnd DateRevenueNet IncomeDiluted EPSMethod
2022-Q22022-06-302.97reported discrete quarter
2022-Q32022-09-302.53reported discrete quarter
2023-Q12023-03-312.06reported discrete quarter
2023-Q22023-06-301,178,000,00090,000,0002.17reported discrete quarter
2023-Q32023-09-301,186,000,00042,000,0001.09reported discrete quarter
2023-Q42023-12-311,194,000,00035,000,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2024-Q12024-03-311,195,000,00047,000,0001.22reported discrete quarter
2024-Q22024-06-301,140,000,00037,000,0000.98reported discrete quarter
2024-Q32024-09-301,305,000,00084,000,0002.12reported discrete quarter
2024-Q42024-12-311,327,000,00050,000,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2025-Q12025-03-311,200,000,00056,000,0001.46reported discrete quarter
2025-Q22025-06-301,246,000,00069,000,0001.77reported discrete quarter
2025-Q32025-09-301,263,000,000-2,000,000-0.07reported discrete quarter
2025-Q42025-12-311,323,000,000-431,000,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2026-Q12026-03-311,257,000,00022,000,0000.64reported discrete quarter

Quarterly Charts

VAC quarterly revenue, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.VAC quarterly revenue, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.VAC Quarterly RevenueLatest point: 2026-Q1 = $1.3BSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Revenue$0.0B$1.0B$2.0B2023-Q22023-Q32023-Q42024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32024-Q42025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32025-Q42026-Q1

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001524358-26-000022; filed 2026-05-05. Concept: Revenues. Source concepts: us-gaap:Revenues.

VAC quarterly net income, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.VAC quarterly net income, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.VAC Quarterly Net incomeLatest point: 2026-Q1 = $22.0MSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Net income-$500.0M$0.0B$250.0M2023-Q22023-Q32023-Q42024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32024-Q42025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32025-Q42026-Q1

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001524358-26-000022; filed 2026-05-05. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.

VAC quarterly diluted eps, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.VAC quarterly diluted eps, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.VAC Quarterly Diluted EPSLatest point: 2026-Q1 = $0.64/shareSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Diluted EPS (USD/share)-$0.50/share$0.00/share$4.00/share2022-Q22022-Q32023-Q12023-Q22023-Q32024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32026-Q1

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001524358-26-000022; filed 2026-05-05. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.

Macro Cross-References

Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: 0001524358-26-000022.

Extracted structurally from real Item 2 body heading to real Item 3/4 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-05-05. Report date: 2026-03-31.

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

We make forward-looking statements throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”), based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, the information concerning: our possible or assumed future results of operations, cash flows, financial condition, leverage, liquidity, rental profit; dividend payments; business strategies and management priorities for 2026, including improving profitability and cash flow, accelerating growth, lower costs and monetize non-core assets and key initiatives to enhance the quality and composition of our sales Tours, increase Tour flow and strengthen cost discipline; expected improvements in Tour quality, VPG, and default rates on newly originated vacation ownership notes receivable; financing plans, financing terms and the adequacy of capital to meet short-term and long-term liquidity requirements; our expectations regarding the objectives, costs and benefits of our modernization efforts; our plan to reduce our corporate debt, net of cash and equivalents, to Adjusted EBITDA ratio; our expectations regarding inventory spending; and the impact of inventory repurchases and timing of payments for inventory. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as the words “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “could” or the negative of these terms or similar expressions.

Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to numerous and evolving risks and uncertainties that we may not be able to predict or assess, such as: uncertainty in the current global macroeconomic environment created by rapid governmental policy and regulatory changes, including those affecting international trade or travel; future health crises and related governmental responses and their potential adverse effects; variations in demand for vacation ownership and exchange products and services; failure of vendors and other third parties to timely comply with their contractual obligations; worker absenteeism; price inflation; difficulties associated with implementing new or maintaining existing technologies; the ability to use artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies successfully and potential business, compliance, or reputational risks associated with the use of AI technologies; changes in privacy and other laws and regulations affecting our business; the impact of a future banking crisis; impacts from natural or man-made disasters; delinquency and default rates; global supply chain disruptions; volatility in the international and national economy and credit markets, the impacts of ongoing global conflicts and related sanctions and other measures; our ability to attract and retain our global workforce; competitive conditions; the availability of capital to finance growth; the impact of changes in interest rates; the effects of steps we have taken and may continue to take to reduce operating costs and accelerate growth and profitability; political or social strife; and other matters referred to under the heading “Risk Factors” contained herein and also in our 2025 Annual Report, and which may be updated in our future periodic filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

All forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report or as of the date they were made or as otherwise specified herein. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report.

The risk factors discussed in “Risk Factors” in our 2025 Annual Report, and under Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report. There may be other risks and uncertainties that we cannot predict at this time or that we currently do not expect will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Any such risks could cause our results to differ materially from those we express in forward-looking statements.

Our Financial Statements (as defined below), which we discuss below, reflect our historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The financial information discussed below and included in this Quarterly Report may not, however, necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows may be in the future.

In order to make this report easier to read, we refer to (i) our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements as our “Financial Statements,” (ii) our Interim Consolidated Statements of Income as our “Income Statements,” (iii) our Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets as our “Balance Sheets” and (iv) our Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as our “Cash Flows.” References throughout to numbered “Footnotes” refer to the numbered Notes in the Interim Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report.

We routinely post important information, including news releases, announcements and other statements about our business and results of operations, that may be deemed material to investors on the Investor Relations section of our

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website, www.marriottvacationsworldwide.com. We use our website as a means of disclosing material, nonpublic information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Investors should monitor the Investor Relations section of our website in addition to following our press releases, filings with the SEC, public conference calls and webcasts. The information on our website is not part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report.

Business Overview

We are a leading global vacation company that offers vacation ownership, exchange, rental and resort and property management, along with related businesses, products and services. Our business operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management.

Our Vacation Ownership segment includes a diverse portfolio of resorts that includes some of the world’s most iconic brands licensed under exclusive long-term relationships. We are the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club, Grand Residences by Marriott, Sheraton Vacation Club, Westin Vacation Club, and Hyatt Vacation Club brands. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Club brand, and we have the non-exclusive right to develop, market and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand. We also have a license to use the St. Regis brand for specified fractional ownership products.

Our Vacation Ownership segment generates revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing vacation ownership resorts, clubs and owners’ associations; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment includes an exchange network and membership programs, as well as the provision of management services to other resorts and lodging properties. Exchange & Third-Party Management revenue generally is fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, property and owners’ association management, and other related products and services. We provide these services through our Interval International and Aqua-Aston businesses.

Corporate and other represents the portion of our results that are not allocable to our segments, including those relating to consolidated property owners’ associations (“Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations”).

Performance Measures

Management uses the following key performance metrics to assess the Company’s operational efficiency and market competitiveness, identify trends, develop financial projections, and support strategic decision-making. Management continuously monitors and analyzes these metrics to help ensure that the Company remains responsive to changing market conditions and aligned with our long-term growth objectives. The definitions and methodologies of certain of these metrics may differ from those used by other companies, and as a result, these metrics may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

•Contract sales reflects the pace of sales in our business and excludes contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products for non-consolidated joint ventures.

•Volume per guest (“VPG”) is calculated as contract sales, excluding fractional sales, telesales, resales, and other sales that are not attributed to a sales tour (collectively, “Tours” as defined below) divided by the number of Tours conducted during the applicable period. We believe that VPG is a key driver of profitability as it reflects both the average contract price and the effectiveness of converting touring guests into purchasers.

•Tours is defined as the number of sales tours conducted during the applicable period, including virtual and offsite sales tours and excluding telesales.

•Development profit margin is calculated as Development profit divided by revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products. Development profit represents revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products, net of the cost of vacation ownership products and related marketing and sales costs. We believe that Development profit margin is a key indicator of the profitability of our development activities and the effectiveness of our associated marketing and sales efforts.

•Total active members represents the number of active members of the Interval Network active members as of the end of the applicable period. We consider this metric to be an important indicator of the size of the member base eligible to transact within the Interval Network.

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•Average revenue per member is calculated by dividing membership fee revenue, transaction revenue, rental revenue, and other member revenue generated by the Interval Network by the monthly weighted average number of active members of the Interval Network during the applicable period. We believe this metric is a meaningful indicator of member engagement.

•Segment financial results attributable to common stockholders reflects revenues less expenses that are directly attributable to each respective reportable business segment (Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management). We believe this measure provides meaningful insight into the operating performance of our reportable business segments. See Footnote 16 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information about our reportable business segments.

•Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenues less cost reimbursements revenues.

•Segment Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated as Segment Adjusted EBITDA divided by the respective segment

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Latest 10-K MD&A

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-03-02. Report date: 2025-12-31.

Item 7.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition together with our audited historical consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part II, “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and Part I, “Item 1. Business,” of this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on our current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those we discuss in the sections of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements.”

Our consolidated financial statements, which we discuss below, reflect our historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The financial information discussed below and included in this Annual Report may not, however, necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.

Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2025 to fiscal year 2024 is included herein. Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2024 to fiscal year 2023 has been omitted from this Form 10-K and can be found in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2025.

Business Overview

We are a leading global vacation company that offers vacation ownership, exchange, rental, and resort and property management, along with related businesses, products and services. Our business operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management.

Our Vacation Ownership segment includes a diverse portfolio of resorts that includes some of the world’s most iconic brands licensed under exclusive long-term relationships. We are the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club, Grand Residences by Marriott, Sheraton Vacation Club, Westin Vacation Club, and Hyatt Vacation Club brands. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Club brand, and we have the non-exclusive right to develop, market and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand. We also have a license to use the St. Regis brand for specified fractional ownership products.

Our Vacation Ownership segment generates revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing vacation ownership resorts, clubs and owners’ associations; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment includes an exchange network and membership programs, as well as the provision of management services to other resorts and lodging properties. Exchange & Third-Party Management revenue generally is fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, property and owners’ association management, and other related products and services. We provide these services through our Interval International and Aqua-Aston businesses.

Corporate and other represents the portion of our results that are not allocable to our segments, including those relating to Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Accounting Policies Used in Describing Results of Operations

Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

We recognize revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products (also referred to as “VOIs”) when control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer and the transaction price is deemed collectible, which typically correlates to expiration of the statutory rescission period.

Sales of vacation ownership products may be made for cash or we may provide financing. In addition, we recognize settlement fees associated with the transfer of VOIs and commission revenues from sales of VOIs on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales revenue.”

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We also provide sales incentives to certain purchasers. These sales incentives typically include Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” Plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in other third-party offerings, generally up to two years from the date of issuance.

Finally, as more fully described in “Financing” below, we record the difference between the contract receivable or vacation ownership note receivable and the amount we expect to collect from debtors (also known as a vacation ownership notes receivable reserve or a sales reserve) as a reduction of revenues from the sale of VOIs at the time we recognize revenues from a sale.

We report, on a supplemental basis, contract sales for our Vacation Ownership segment. Contract sales consist of the total amount of VOI sales under contract signed during the period where we have generally received a down payment of at least ten percent of the contract price, reduced by actual rescissions during the period, inclusive of contracts associated with sales of VOIs on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales contract sales.” In circumstances where a customer applies any or all of their existing ownership interests as part of the purchase price for additional interests (also referred to as an equity upgrade), we include only the incremental value purchased as contract sales. Contract sales differ from revenues from the sale of VOIs that we report on our income statements due to the requirements for revenue recognition described above. We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

Cost of vacation ownership products includes costs to acquire, develop and construct our projects (also known as real estate inventory costs), other non-capitalizable costs associated with the overall project development process and settlement expenses associated with the closing process. For each project, we expense inventory costs in the same proportion as the revenue recognized. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our income statements to true up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, can have a positive or negative impact on our income statements.

Management and Exchange

Our management and exchange revenues include revenues generated from fees we earn for managing each of our vacation ownership resorts, providing property management, owners’ association management and related services and fees we earn for providing rental services and related hotel, condominium resort, and owners’ association management services to vacation property owners.

In addition, we earn revenue from ancillary offerings, including food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and service outlets located at our Vacation Ownership resorts. We also receive annual membership fees, club dues and certain transaction-based fees from members, owners and other third parties.

Management and exchange expenses include costs to operate the food and beverage outlets, other ancillary operations and to provide overall customer support services, including reservations, and certain transaction-based expenses relating to third-party exchange service providers.

In our Vacation Ownership segment and Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we refer to these activities as “Resort Management and Other Services.”

Financing

We offer financing to qualified customers for the purchase of most types of our VOIs. The typical financing agreement provides for monthly payments of principal and interest with the principal balance of the loan fully amortizing over the term of the related vacation ownership note receivable, which is generally ten to fifteen years. While we adjust interest rates on our financing programs from time to time, such changes are typically not made in lockstep with the timing and magnitude of changes in broader market rates. We may use incentives to encourage our customers to choose our financing. Included within our vacation ownership notes receivable are originated vacation ownership notes receivable and vacation ownership notes receivable acquired in connection with the ILG Acquisition and the Welk Acquisition.

The interest income earned from our vacation ownership financing arrangements is earned on an accrual basis on the principal balance outstanding over the contractual life of the arrangement and is recorded as Financing revenues on our Income Statements. Financing revenues also include fees earned from servicing the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. The amount of interest income earned in a period depends on the amount of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, which is impacted positively by the origination of new vacation ownership notes receivable and negatively by principal collections and defaults. We calculate financing propensity as contract sales volume of

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financed contracts originated in the period divided by contract sales volume of all contracts originated in the period. We do not include resales contract sales in the financing propensity calculation. First-time buyers are more likely to finance their purchases and remain an integral part of our overall marketing and sales strategy.

Acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are accounted for using the purchased credit deteriorated assets provision of the current expected credit loss model. The estimates of the reserve for credit losses on the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are based on default rates that are an output of our static pool analyses and the estimated value of collateral securing the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable.

In the event of a default, we generally have the right to foreclose on or revoke the underlying VOI. We return VOIs that we reacquire through foreclosure or revocation back to inventory. As discussed above, for originated vacation ownership notes receivable, we record a reserve at the time of sale and classify the reserve as a reduction to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products on our Income Statements. Revisions to estimates that result in decreases or increases to the reserve for originated vacation ownership notes receivable can increase or decrease revenues, respectively. In contrast, for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, we record changes to the reserve as an adjustment to Financing expenses on our Income Statements. See Footnote 5 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information.

Financing expenses include consumer financing interest expense, which represents interest expense associated with the securitization of our vacation ownership notes receivable, costs to support the financing, servicing and securitization processes and changes in expected credit losses related to acquired vacation ownership notes receivable. We distinguish consumer financing interest expense from all other interest expense because the debt associated with the consumer financing interest expense is considered to be an operating expense of our business.

Rental

In our Vacation Ownership segment, we operate a rental business to provide owner flexibility and to help mitigate carrying costs associated with our inventory. We obtain rental inventory and generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs, inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs and rentals of unregistered inventory and owned-hotel properties. We also recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points at redemption for rental stays at one of our resorts or other third-party offerings. For rental revenues associated with VOIs which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the revenues from rental are less than costs, revenues are reported net of rental expenses in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 978, “Real Estate - Time-Sharing Activities” (“ASC 978”). The rental activity associated with discounted vacation packages requiring a tour (“preview stays”) is not included in transient rental metrics, and because the majority of these preview stays are sourced directly or indirectly from unsold inventory, the associated revenues and expenses are reported net in Marketing and sales expense.

In our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we offer vacation rental offers known as Getaways to members of the Interval Network and certain other membership programs. Getaways allows us to monetize excess availability of resort accommodations within the applicable exchange network, as well as provide additional vacation opportunities to members. Resort accommodations typically become available as Getaways as a result of seasonal oversupply or underutilized space in the applicable exchange program. We also source resort accommodations specifically for the Getaways program. Rental revenues associated with Getaways are reported net of related expenses.

Rental expenses include:

•Maintenance and other fees on unsold inventory;

•Costs to provide alternative usage options, including Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points, and offerings available as part of third-party offerings, for owners who elect to exchange their inventory; and

•Marketing costs and direct operating and related expenses in connection with the rental business (such as housekeeping, labor costs, credit card expenses, and reservation services).

Rental metrics, including the average daily transient rate or the number of transient keys rented, may not be comparable between periods given fluctuation in available occupancy by location, unit size (such as two bedroom, one bedroom or studio unit), owner use and exchange behavior, rental inventory on hand and keys allocated for preview stays. In addition, rental metrics may not correlate with rental revenues due to the requirement to report certain rental revenues net of rental expenses in accordance with ASC 978 (as discussed above). The “transient keys” metric represents the blended mix of inventory available for rent and includes all of the combined inventory configurations available in our resort system.

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Cost Reimbursements

Cost reimbursements include direct and indirect costs that are reimbursed to us by owners’ associations and customers under management contracts, which costs are principally payroll-related costs at the locations where we employ the associates providing on-site services, costs associated with property refurbishments (including those where we act as the project manager), and insurance costs. All costs reimbursed to us by owners’ associations and customers, with the exception of taxes assessed by a governmental authority, are reported on a gross basis. We recognize cost reimbursements when we incur the related reimbursable costs. Cost reimbursements consist of actual expenses with no added margin.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of all interest expense other than consumer financing interest expense, which is included within Financing expense, net of interest income.

Transaction and Integration Costs

Transaction and integration costs primarily include fees paid to change-management consultants, technology-related costs associated with the integrations of ILG and Welk and charges for employee retention, severance and other termination-related benefits. Transaction and integration costs also include costs related to the ILG and Welk Acquisitions, primarily for financial advisory, legal, and other professional service fees, as well as certain tax-related accruals. During the third quarter of 2023 and the second quarter of 2024, we discontinued classifying costs associated with the continued integration of ILG and Welk, respectively, in Transaction and integration costs. Further integration costs incurred after these periods are reflected in the operating results of each of our segments and/or General and administrative expenses.

Performance Measures

Management uses the following key performance metrics to assess the Company’s operational efficiency and market competitiveness, identify trends, develop financial projections, and support strategic decision-making. Management continuously monitors and analyzes these metrics to help ensure that the Company remains responsive to changing market conditions and aligned with our long-term growth objectives. The definitions and methodologies of certain of these metrics may differ from those used by other companies, and as a result, these metrics may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies.

•Contract sales from the sale of VOIs reflects the pace of sales in our business.

•Total contract sales include contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products, including non-consolidated joint ventures.

•Consolidated contract sales exclude contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products for non-consolidated joint ventures.

•Volume per guest (“VPG”) is calculated as consolidated vacation ownership contract sales, excluding fractional sales, telesales, resales, and other sales that are not attributed to a sales tour (collectively, “Tours”) divided by the number of Tours conducted during the applicable period. We believe that VPG is a key driver of profitability as it reflects both the average contract price and the effectiveness of converting touring guests into purchasers.

•Tours is defined as the number of sales tours conducted during the applicable period, including virtual and offsite sales tours and excludes telesales. We view Tours as an important indicator of touring guest volume.

•Development profit margin is calculated as Development profit divided by revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products. Development profit represents revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products, net of the cost of vacation ownership products and related marketing and sales costs. We believe that Development profit margin is a key indicator of the profitability of our development activities and the effectiveness of its associated marketing and sales efforts.

•Total active members represents the number of active members of the Interval Network active members as of the end of the applicable period. We consider this metric to be an important indicator of the size of the member base eligible to transact within the Interval Network.

•Average revenue per member is calculated by dividing membership fee revenue, transaction revenue, rental revenue, and other member revenue generated by the Interval Network by the monthly weighted average number of active

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members of the Interval Network during the applicable period. We believe this metric is a meaningful indicator of member engagement.

•Segment financial results attributable to common stockholders reflects revenues less expenses that are directly attributable to each respective reportable business segment (Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management). We believe this measure provides meaningful insight into the operating performance of our reportable business segments. See Footnote 19 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information about our reportable business segments.

•Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated as Adjusted EBITDA divided by the Company’s total revenues less cost reimbursements revenues.

•Segment Adjusted EBITDA margin is calculated as Segment Adjusted EBITDA divided by the respective segment’s total revenues less cost reimbursements revenues.

NM = Not meaningful.

Management Priorities

Our management priorities for 2026 are centered on driving stronger profitability and improving cash flow. We are focused on reshaping the quality and composition of our tours, tightening our cost structure, and refining our global development strategy. We expect that delivering higher‑quality tours via various initiatives will increase VPGs while reducing default rates on newly originated vacation ownership notes receivable. For example, we are using FICO scores to pre-qualify prospective purchasers and focusing on increasing in-house capture rates, which has historically been one of our highest VPG channels. Additional priorities include reducing overhead, focusing on marketing and sales talent, delaying modernization projects to manage cash flow, monetizing certain non-core assets on our balance sheet, and managing maintenance fee increases for each of our vacation ownership products.

Asia Pacific Strategy Change

A key element of our revised strategy relates to our Asia Pacific business, where we have experienced lower returns than expected, partially due to higher defaults that are primarily driven by customers from newer source markets. To address these dynamics, we are scaling back growth expectations and right‑sizing our business in the region. This includes reducing tours for first‑time buyers in select countries, reducing headcount in the region, deferring the purchase of the next phase of our resort in Khao Lak, Thailand, and canceling a purchase commitment for inventory in Bali. Collectively, these actions are designed to concentrate our efforts on markets with the greatest potential to drive profitability and cash flow and resulted in Restructuring expense in our Vacation Ownership segment. We also recorded a non-cash impairment for vacation ownership units in Khao Lak, Thailand primarily attributed to the elongation of the pace of sales and changes in our marketing approach.

Development Strategy Change

As part of our broader financial strategic review, we conducted a comprehensive review to assess the strategic alignment of inventory and property and equipment within our North America vacation ownership business. This review focused on assessing inventory needs in light of our current inventory position and identifying opportunities to monetize non-core assets. The outcome of this review represented an indicator of impairment for certain assets. As a result of our impairment analysis, we recorded a non‑cash impairment related to assets associated with future phases of our existing resorts that we no longer plan to further develop. The carrying values of the assets associated with these resorts exceeded their estimated fair values because the carrying values included historical allocations of common infrastructure costs incurred when we built the resorts. In addition, we recorded a non-cash impairment related to certain property and equipment identified for disposition in our Vacation Ownership segment.

We expect to generate between $250 million and $300 million of net cash proceeds over a two year period from the disposition of certain non-core property and equipment and other assets, including $50 million from the disposition of the Cancun hotel in January 2026.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202520242023
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,464$1,448$1,460
Management and exchange860843813
Rental650645571
Financing360342322
Cost reimbursements1,6981,6891,561
TOTAL REVENUES5,0324,9674,727
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products184200224
Marketing and sales943919823
Management and exchange476482442
Rental523481452
Financing150146113
Royalty fee113114117
General and administrative(1)242237273
Depreciation and amortization149146135
Litigation charges(1)172313
Modernization(1)1224
Restructuring(1)1566
Impairment5773032
Cost reimbursements1,6981,6891,561
TOTAL EXPENSES5,2094,4774,191
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net47(1)47
Interest expense, net(169)(162)(145)
Transaction and integration costs(18)(37)
Other(3)(3)
(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(299)306398
Provision for income taxes(8)(89)(146)
NET (LOSS) INCOME(307)217252
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(1)12
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$(308)$218$254

(1)    Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current year presentation.

Operating Statistics

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
(Contract sales $ in millions)202520242023Change
Vacation Ownership
Consolidated contract sales$1,762$1,813$1,772$(51)(3%)
VPG$3,794$3,911$4,088$(117)(3%)
Tours431,974432,716405,825(742)—%
Exchange & Third-Party Management
Total active members at end of period (000's)1,5071,5461,564(39)(2%)
Average revenue per member$150.51$154.34$156.65$(3.83)(2%)

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Revenues

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Vacation Ownership$4,805$4,730$4,468$752%
Exchange & Third-Party Management213231262(18)(8%)
Total Segment Revenues5,0184,9614,730571%
Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations146(3)8NM
Total Revenues$5,032$4,967$4,727$651%

Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA, a financial measure that is not prescribed by GAAP, is defined as earnings, or net income or loss attributable to common stockholders, before interest expense, net (excluding consumer financing interest expense associated with term securitization transactions), income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA reflects additional adjustments for certain items, and excludes share-based compensation expense and amortization of cloud computing software implementation costs. Share-based compensation expense is excluded to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted. During the first quarter of 2025, we began excluding amortization of cloud computing software implementation costs, which are not included in depreciation and amortization, from Adjusted EBITDA for comparability purposes to address the considerable variability among companies in the utilization of productive assets, and have reclassified prior year amounts to conform with our current year presentation.

For purposes of our EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin calculations, we do not adjust for consumer financing interest expense associated with term securitization transactions because we consider it to be an operating expense of our business. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of operating performance, which we use to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, expand our business, and return cash to stockholders. We consider Adjusted EBITDA margin to be an indicator of our operating profitability.

We also use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin, as do analysts, lenders, investors, and others, because these measures exclude certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provisions for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin also exclude depreciation and amortization as well as amortization of cloud computing software implementation costs because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating or amortizing productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are useful as indicators of operating performance and profitability, respectively, because they allow for period-over-period comparisons of our ongoing core operations before the impact of the excluded items. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin also facilitate comparisons by us, analysts, investors, and others of results from our ongoing core operations before the impact of these items with results from other companies.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

Additionally, during 2025, we reclassified $6 million of certain amounts related to ongoing litigation from General and administrative expense to Litigation charges in order to conform our 2024 results with our current year presentation.

Commencing in 2026, interest expense associated with our Warehouse Credit Facility will be included as a component of Consumer financing interest expense within Financing expense. Interest expense on our Warehouse Credit Facility was $13 million and $10 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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The table below shows our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculation and reconciles these measures with net income or loss attributable to common stockholders, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders$(308)$218$254$(526)NM
Interest expense, net16916214574%
Provision for income taxes889146(81)NM
Depreciation and amortization14914613533%
EBITDA18615680(597)NM
Share-based compensation expense383331515%
Amortization of cloud computing software implementation costs(1)(2)633NM
Certain items(1)6898550604NM
Adjusted EBITDA(1)$751$736$761$152%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(1)22.5%22.5%24.0%0.0 pts

(1)    Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current year presentation.

(2)    During the first quarter of 2025, we began excluding Amortization of cloud computing software implementation costs, which are not included in Depreciation and amortization, from Adjusted EBITDA, and have reclassified prior year amounts to conform with our current year presentation.

The table below details the components of Certain items for fiscal years 2025 and 2024.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20252024
Gain on disposition of hotel, land, and other$$(8)
Foreign currency translation (gain) loss(22)13
Insurance proceeds(16)(5)
Change in indemnification asset(4)5
Change in estimates relating to pre-acquisition contingencies(2)(4)
Other(3)
(Gains) losses and other (income) expense, net(47)1
Transaction and integration costs18
Purchase accounting adjustments1
Litigation charges(1)1723
Modernization(1)1224
Restructuring(1)156
Impairment57730
Other52
Total Certain items(1)$689$85

(1)    Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current year presentation.

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Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Vacation Ownership(1)$868$848$883$202%
Exchange & Third-Party Management91102130(11)(11%)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)9599501,01391%
General and administrative(1)(242)(237)(273)(5)(2%)
Other3423211143%
Adjusted EBITDA(1)$751$736$761$152%

(1)    Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current year presentation.

The following tables present segment financial results attributable to common stockholders reconciled to segment Adjusted EBITDA.

Vacation Ownership

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Segment financial results$345$703$777$(358)NM
Depreciation and amortization1061009367%
Share-based compensation expense988111%
Amortization of cloud computing amortization implementation costs(1)532NM
Certain items403345369NM
Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1)$868$848$883$202%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin(1)28.3%28.2%30.7%0.1 pts

(1)    Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current year presentation.

The table below details the components of Certain items for the Vacation Ownership segment financial results for fiscal years 2025 and 2024.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20252024
Gain on disposition of hotel, land, and other$$(7)
Insurance proceeds(15)(5)
Change in estimates relating to pre-acquisition contingencies(2)(4)
Other(1)
Gains and other income, net(18)(16)
Purchase accounting adjustments1
Litigation charges1118
Restructuring151
Impairment39528
Other2
Total Certain items$403$34

Exchange & Third-Party Management

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Segment financial results$(116)$69$93$(185)NM
Depreciation and amortization242831(4)(14%)
Share-based compensation expense22211%
Certain items18134178NM
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$91$102$130$(11)(11%)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin44.6%46.1%52.5%(1.5 pts)

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The table below details the components of Certain items for the Exchange & Third-Party Management segment financial results for fiscal years 2025 and 2024.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20252024
Gains and other income, net$(1)$
Restructuring1
Impairment1822
Total Certain items$181$3

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our business is grouped into two reportable business segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management. See Footnote 19 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information about our segments.

VACATION OWNERSHIP

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202520242023
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,464$1,448$1,460
Resort management and other services633612568
Rental615605531
Financing360342322
Cost reimbursements1,7331,7231,587
TOTAL REVENUES4,8054,7304,468
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products184200224
Marketing and sales943919823
Resort management and other services291293270
Rental537498466
Financing150146113
Royalty fee113114117
Depreciation and amortization10610093
Litigation charges111812
Restructuring151
Impairment3952812
Cost reimbursements1,7331,7231,587
TOTAL EXPENSES4,4784,0403,717
Gains and other income, net181629
Other(3)(3)
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$345$703$777

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Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)2025% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of Resales2024% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of Resales2023% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of ResalesChange
Consolidated contract sales$1,762$1,813$1,772$(51)(3%)
Joint venture contract sales161628(1%)
Total contract sales1,7781,8291,800(51)(3%)
Less:
Resales contract sales(29)(38)(42)9
Joint venture contract sales(16)(16)(28)
Consolidated contract sales, net of resales1,7331,7751,730(42)(2%)
Plus:
Settlement revenue412%382%392%3
Resales revenue161%191%221%(3)
Revenue recognition adjustments:
Reportability1—%(2)—%3—%3
Sales reserve(222)(13%)(278)(16%)(232)(13%)56
Other(1)(105)(6%)(104)(6%)(102)(6%)(1)
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,46484%$1,44882%$1,46084%$161%
VPG3,7943,9114,088(117)(3%)
Tours431,974432,716405,825(742)—%
Financing propensity56.7%55.9%58.1%0.8 pts
Average FICO Score(2)740737735

(1)Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.

(2)For customers who financed a vacation ownership purchase and for whom a credit score was available, generally U.S. and Canadian residents.

2025 Compared to 2024

The increase in Sale of vacation ownership products was primarily due to a decrease in our sales reserve reflecting the $70 million sales reserve adjustment (the “additional sales reserve”) recorded in the second quarter of 2024, which did not recur in 2025. Lower contract sales were partially offset by higher revenue reportability and financing propensity in 2025. First time buyer contract sales were flat on 1% higher tours. Owner contract sales declined 4% on lower VPG and tours.

Excluding the impact of the additional sales reserve recorded in the second quarter of 2024, our sales reserve as a percent of contract sales in 2025 is approximately 110 basis points higher than the prior year, reflecting our expectation that future defaults will be higher than those experienced prior to 2023. While our delinquency rates at December 31, 2025 have declined approximately 100 basis points compared to December 31, 2024, we do not expect to lower the sales reserve for new originations until we have sufficient, sustained evidence of continued improvement in delinquency and default rates.

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Development Profit

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)2025% of Revenue2024% of Revenue2023% of RevenueChange
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,464$1,448$1,460$161%
Cost of vacation ownership products(184)13%(200)14%(224)15%168%
Marketing and sales(943)64%(919)63%(823)56%(24)(3%)
Development profit$337$329$413$82%
Development profit margin23.0%22.7%28.3%0.3 pts

2025 Compared to 2024

The increase in Development profit was due to the following:

•higher Sale of vacation ownership products (discussed above); and

•lower Cost of vacation ownership products due to the $13 million favorable impact of the additional sales reserve in 2024 partially offset by the sale of higher average cost inventory.

These were partially offset by:

•higher marketing and sales costs due to:

•$10 million of higher costs for occupancy used for previews;

•$8 million of higher marketing and other costs; and

•$6 million of higher salaries, wages and benefits for sales executives, including variable compensation.

Excluding the favorable impact of the additional sales reserve in 2024, both Cost of vacation ownership products and Cost of vacation ownership products as a percentage of sales were flat.

Excluding the impact of the additional sales reserve in 2024, Development profit decreased $49 million and Development profit margin decreased approximately 240 basis points in 2025.

Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Profit

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Management fee revenues$221$207$180$147%
Ancillary revenues27326625272%
Other management and exchange revenues139139136—%
Resort management and other services revenues633612568213%
Resort management and other services expenses(291)(293)(270)21%
Resort management and other services profit$342$319$298$237%
Resort management and other services profit margin54.1%52.1%52.4%2.0 pts
Resort occupancy(1)89.2%89.8%88.1%(0.6 pts)

(1)Resort occupancy represents all transient, preview, and owner keys divided by total keys available, net of keys out of service.

2025 Compared to 2024

The increase in Resort management and other services profit reflects $16 million of higher management and exchange profit reflecting continued growth in revenues and operating efficiencies, and $7 million of higher ancillary profit.

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Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Rental revenues$615$605$531$102%
Rental expenses(537)(498)(466)(39)(8%)
Rental profit$78$107$65$(29)(27%)
Rental profit margin12.7%17.6%12.4%(4.9 pts)
Transient keys rented(1)2,236,2292,172,5292,072,59063,7003%
Average transient key rate$258$257$269$1—%
Rental occupancy(2)72.0%72.3%68.2%(0.3 pts)

(1)Transient keys rented exclude plus points and preview stays.

(2)Rental occupancy represents transient and preview keys divided by keys available to rent, which is total available keys excluding owner usage.

2025 Compared to 2024

Rental profit declined due to:

•$23 million of lower plus point revenue resulting from the non-recurring impact of sales incentive programs put in place during the COVID pandemic, which increased the amount of plus points issued and lengthened the use period through the end of 2024, resulting in higher non-recurring revenues in 2024;

•$13 million of higher unsold maintenance fees associated with developer-owned inventory;

•$17 million of higher marketing, variable and other costs; and

•$2 million of increased costs due to higher owner utilization of third-party vacation offerings.

These amounts are partially offset by:

•$16 million increase in transient rental revenues; and

•$10 million increase in costs allocated to marketing and sales expense for occupancy used for previews.

Rental revenues and Rental expenses are both $17 million higher due to the year over year change in the amount reclassified for costs in excess of rental revenues for developer-owned inventory which is registered and held for sale.

Financing Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Financing revenues$360$342$322$185%
Financing expenses(44)(41)(36)(3)(9%)
Consumer financing interest expense(106)(105)(77)(1)—%
Financing profit$210$196$209$147%
Financing profit margin58.3%57.4%64.9%0.9 pts
Financing propensity56.7%55.9%58.1%0.8 pts

2025 Compared to 2024

•Financing revenues reflect higher interest income as a result of a higher average notes receivable balance.

•The increase in financing expense is primarily attributed to higher credit card fees, partially offset by lower operating costs, including those resulting from our cost savings initiatives implemented in the third quarter of 2025.

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Litigation Charges

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Litigation charges$11$18$12$(7)(38%)

2025 Compared to 2024

During 2025 and 2024, litigation charges relate primarily to certain resorts in Europe, as well as a land disposition in the U.S. during 2024.

Restructuring Charges

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Restructuring$15$1$$14NM

2025 Compared to 2024

During 2025, we recorded $15 million of restructuring costs, all of which related to the strategy change in our Asia Pacific business, consisting of $10 million for the cancellation of a purchase commitment for 26 vacation ownership units in Bali ($8 million related to the write-off of progress payments and $2 million for the contract termination fee) and $5 million of severance.

Impairment

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Impairment$395$28$12$367NM

During 2025, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $395 million related to our development strategy change including:

•$160 million to write down the basis of certain non-core Property and equipment and Other assets identified for disposition to their estimated fair values;

•$131 million related to decisions to forego build out of future phases of existing resorts primarily attributed to the fact that the book values of these assets include the historical allocations of common costs incurred when we built the infrastructure of these resorts;

•$75 million to write down the value of vacation ownership interests related to Legacy-Welk reflecting a further elongated pace of sales at a higher marketing and selling cost as the Hyatt-branded vacation ownership business continues to underperform expectations;

•$27 million for the impairment of vacation ownership units in Khao Lak, Thailand classified in Inventory due to the change in strategy for the in Asia Pacific region which elongated the pace of sales and changes in our marketing approach; and

•$2 million for the impairment of inventory in an equity method investment.

During 2024, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $28 million related to Legacy-Welk inventory. The impairment charge reflects an elongated pace of sales at a higher marketing and selling cost than the estimates used in purchase accounting when we acquired the inventory.

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Gains and Other Income

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Gains and other income, net$18$16$29$2NM

During 2025 we benefited from $15 million of proceeds from service interruption insurance relating to the Maui wildfires, a $2 million reduction in certain pre-acquisition contingencies associated with the ILG Acquisition, and $1 million of other miscellaneous gains.

During 2024 we benefited from $6 million of gains on the disposition of excess real estate, $5 million related to the receipt of business interruption insurance proceeds, a $4 million reduction in certain pre-acquisition contingencies associated with the ILG Acquisition, and $1 million of other miscellaneous gains.

EXCHANGE & THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment is comprised of the Interval International and Aqua-Aston businesses.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202520242023
REVENUES
Management and exchange$170$182$206
Rental354040
Cost reimbursements8916
TOTAL REVENUES213231262
EXPENSES
Management and exchange117122118
Depreciation and amortization242831
Litigation charges1
Restructuring1
Impairment18224
Cost reimbursements8916
TOTAL EXPENSES331162170
Gains and other income, net11
Other1
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$(116)$69$93

Management and Exchange Profit

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Management and exchange revenue$170$182$206$(12)(7%)
Management and exchange expense(117)(122)(118)54%
Management and exchange profit$53$60$88$(7)(12%)
Management and exchange profit margin31.3%33.2%42.5%(1.9 pts)

2025 Compared to 2024

•Interval International management and exchange revenues declined $6 million primarily due to 9% lower exchange transaction volume, partially offset by a 6% increase in average exchange fees.

•Management and exchange revenue reflects a $4 million decline in Aqua-Aston management revenues resulting from fewer available nights for rent and a lower average daily rate in the Hawaii market.

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•Management and exchange revenue declined $2 million as a result of the sale of an immaterial subsidiary in the second quarter of 2024.

•The decrease in management and exchange expenses was primarily attributable to lower wages and benefits and other costs.

Rental Revenues

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Rental revenues$35$40$40$(5)(12%)

2025 Compared to 2024

The decrease in rental revenues reflects a 15% decrease in transaction volume, partially offset by a 9% increase in average fees per transaction.

Impairment

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Impairment$182$2$4$180NM

2025 Compared to 2024

In 2025, we recorded a non-cash impairment of $182 million primarily to write down the value of our goodwill ($159 million) as a result of (i) the change in expected future operating results based on a sustained decline in operating performance in comparison to prior expectations; and (ii) the impact of market factors, including a decline in our stock price and market capitalization. In addition, we recorded a $21 million non-cash impairment to write down the value of trade names which was primarily attributed to the decline in estimated future revenues of each of the related businesses and a $2 million impairment related to an operating lease and related assets. See Footnote 10 “Goodwill” and Footnote 11 “Intangible Assets” to our Financial Statements for additional information.

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CORPORATE AND OTHER

Corporate and Other consists of results that are not allocable to our segments, including company-wide general and administrative costs, corporate interest expense, transaction and integration costs, and income taxes. In addition, Corporate and Other includes the revenues and expenses from the Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202520242023
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$57$49$39
Cost reimbursements(43)(43)(42)
TOTAL REVENUES146(3)
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services686754
Rental(14)(17)(14)
General and administrative242237273
Depreciation and amortization191811
Litigation charges(1)65
Modernization(1)1224
Restructuring(1)46
Impairment16
Cost reimbursements(43)(43)(42)
TOTAL EXPENSES400275304
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net28(17)17
Interest expense, net(169)(162)(145)
Transaction and integration costs(18)(37)
Other(1)
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(528)(466)(472)
Provision for income taxes(8)(89)(146)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(1)12
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$(537)$(554)$(616)

(1)    Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current year presentation.

General and Administrative

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
General and administrative$242$237$273$52%

2025 Compared to 2024

The increase in General and administrative expenses is attributed to $27 million of higher wages, benefits and variable compensation and $6 million of severance for our former chief executive officer, partially offset by $8 million of net savings from outsourcing certain finance and accounting and human resources functions, $7 million of lower insurance, $4 million of lower consulting costs and $9 million of other individually insignificant cost reductions.

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Litigation Charges

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Litigation charges(1)$6$5$$13%

(1)    Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current year presentation.

2025 Compared to 2024

Litigation charges during 2025 and 2024 relate to a dispute with a service provider.

Modernization Charges

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Modernization(1)$122$4$$118NM

(1)    Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with our current year presentation.

2025 Compared to 2024

In November 2024, we announced the creation of a Strategic Business Operations office focused on accelerating our growth and driving operating efficiencies in all areas of our business while increasing organizational agility. The Strategic Business Operations office was created to modernize and optimize our processes and systems, including through advanced technology and automation; increase sales efficiency and inventory optimization; and capture significant savings from initiatives related to procurement and corporate overhead.

2025 Modernization charges related to:

•$87 million of advisory services;

•$18 million for the partial outsourcing of corporate overhead functions;

•$12 million for technology; and

•$5 million related to other initiatives.

In the third quarter of 2025, we outsourced a portion of our human resources and finance and accounting functions to third-party service providers, which we expect will result in annual cost savings of approximately $20 million that will be reflected in multiple expense lines on our income statements.

We expect to incur non-recurring expenses of approximately $100 million in 2026 related to these modernization initiatives.

Gains (Losses) and Other Income (Expense)

Fiscal Years2025 vs. 2024
($ in millions)202520242023Change
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net$28$(17)$17$45NM

In 2025, we recorded $22 million of foreign currency translation gains, a $4 million increase in the receivable from Marriott International for indemnified tax matters, $1 million of insurance proceeds, and $1 million of other gains.

In 2024, we recorded $12 million of foreign currency translation losses and a $5 million reduction in the receivable from Marriott International for indemnified tax matters.

Income Tax

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202520242023
Provision for income taxes$(8)$(89)$(146)
Effective tax rate(2.8%)29.0%36.5%

2025 Compared to 2024

The decrease in income tax expense for 2025 primarily reflects losses before income taxes and noncontrolling interests, as well as the establishment of valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets. The decrease was further driven by

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the absence of the tax expense recognized in 2024 related to the removal of our permanent reinvestment assertion for earnings in certain non-U.S. entities, partially offset by tax benefits associated with 2025 restructuring activity. These decreases were partially offset by the impact of certain state and federal permanent differences and the absence of a benefit recognized in 2024 related to changes in uncertain tax positions.

Timing of Estimated Tax Payments

As part of the federal tax relief provided by the Internal Revenue Service for businesses in areas of Florida affected by hurricanes during 2024, we were permitted to defer certain federal income tax payments without incurring interest or penalties. As a result, we deferred $38 million of estimated tax payments from 2024 to 2025. Similarly, in 2024, under comparable relief measures related to hurricanes in 2023, we deferred $32 million of estimated tax payments from 2023 to 2024. In addition, in 2023, under similar circumstances, we deferred $45 million of estimated tax payments from 2022 to 2023. None of our 2025 estimated tax payments were deferred into 2026.

Refer to Footnote 4 “Income Taxes” for additional information.

Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations

The following table illustrates the impact of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations under the relevant accounting guidance.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202520242023
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$57$49$39
Cost reimbursements(43)(43)(42)
TOTAL REVENUES146(3)
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services686754
Rental(14)(17)(14)
Cost reimbursements(43)(43)(42)
TOTAL EXPENSES117(2)
Interest expense, net11
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS3
Provision for income taxes(1)(1)(1)
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests(1)12
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$1$$1

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Typically, our capital needs are supported by cash on hand, cash generated from operations, our ability to access funds under the Warehouse Credit Facility and the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, our ability to raise capital through securitizations in the ABS market, and, to the extent necessary, our ability to issue new debt and refinance existing debt. We believe these sources of capital will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans, satisfy debt service requirements, fulfill other cash requirements, and return capital to stockholders. We continuously monitor the capital markets to evaluate the effect that changes in market conditions may have on our ability to fund our liquidity needs.

At December 31, 2025, our corporate debt, net of cash and equivalents, to Adjusted EBITDA ratio was 4.2, a manageable leverage level, and we remain focused on reducing this ratio over time.

Subsequent to the end of 2025, we used the proceeds from the 2033 Notes to repay our 2026 Convertible Notes upon maturity. See Footnote 15 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for further information related to maturities of our debt.

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Sources of Liquidity

Cash from Operations

Our primary sources of funds from operations are (1) cash sales and down payments on financed sales, (2) cash from our financing operations, including principal and interest payments received on outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, (3) cash from fee-based membership, exchange and rental transactions, and (4) cash generated from our rental and resort management and other services operations.

Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations

We periodically securitize, without recourse, through bankruptcy remote special purpose entities, the majority of the notes receivable originated in connection with the sale of vacation ownership products to institutional investors in the ABS term securitization market. These vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations provide liquidity for general corporate purposes. In a vacation ownership notes receivable term securitization, several classes of debt securities issued by a special purpose entity are collateralized by a single pool of transferred vacation ownership notes receivable. In connection with each vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, we may retain all or a portion of the securities that are issued.

Typically, we receive cash at inception of the term securitization transaction for the amount of notes issued less fees and monies held in reserve and we receive cash during the life of the transaction in amounts reflecting the excess spread of interest received on the related vacation ownership notes receivable less the interest payable on the ABS securities, less administrative fees and amounts from related vacation ownership notes receivable that default. Loan defaults under securitizations offset a portion of the excess spread we receive, on a monthly basis. We completed two term securitization transactions in 2025 resulting in net proceeds of $908 million.

Each of the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable transactions contains various triggers relating to the performance of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable. If a pool of securitized vacation ownership notes receivable fails to perform within the pool’s parameters (default or delinquency thresholds vary by transaction), transaction provisions effectively redirect the monthly excess spread of interest accruing on the related vacation ownership notes receivable less the interest accruing on the ABS securities and fees we would otherwise receive from that pool (attributable to the interests we retained) to accelerate the principal payments to investors (taking into account the subordination of the different tranches to the extent there are multiple tranches) until the performance trigger is cured. At the recent level of defaults, there is no impact to cash whether we repurchase defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable from a securitization VIE and pursue foreclosure or foreclose on behalf of a securitization VIE. During 2025, and as of December 31, 2025, no securitized vacation ownership notes receivable pools were out of compliance with their respective required parameters. As of December 31, 2025, we had 12 term securitization transactions outstanding. Since 2000, we have issued approximately $10.7 billion of debt securities in securitization transactions in the term ABS market, excluding amounts securitized through warehouse credit facilities or private bank transactions.

On an ongoing basis, we have the ability to use our Warehouse Credit Facility to securitize, on a revolving non-recourse basis, eligible consumer loans derived from certain vacation ownership sales. Those loans may later be transferred to term securitization transactions in the ABS market, which typically occur twice a year. During 2025, we amended certain agreements associated with our Warehouse Credit Facility, which among other things extended the revolving period from June 11, 2026 to June 11, 2027. At December 31, 2025, no borrowings were outstanding on our Warehouse Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2025, $176 million of gross vacation ownership notes receivable were eligible for securitization. See Footnote 14 “Securitized Debt” and Footnote 18 “Variable Interest Entities” for further information on these facilities.

Issuance of Senior Unsecured Notes

During the third quarter of 2025, we issued the 2033 Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $575 million and we received net proceeds of $567 million from the offering, after deducting the underwriting fees and transaction expenses. We used the net proceeds to repay our 2026 Convertible Notes due in January 2026.

Corporate Credit Facility

During 2025, we entered into an amendment to the Corporate Credit Facility (the “Amendment”), which, among other things, increased the borrowing capacity on our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility from $750 million to $800 million of aggregate borrowings for general corporate needs, including working capital, capital expenditures, letters of credit, and acquisitions. The Amendment also extended the termination date from March 31, 2027 to March 24, 2030, reduced

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certain fees and interest costs, and increased the letter of credit sub-facility of the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility from $75 million to $150 million. At December 31, 2025, no borrowings and $13 million of letters of credit were outstanding under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility. See Footnote 15 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for more information pertaining to this facility.

Uses of Cash

We minimize our working capital needs through cash management, strict credit-granting policies, and disciplined collection efforts. Our working capital needs fluctuate throughout the year given the timing of annual maintenance fees on unsold inventory we pay to owners’ associations and certain annual compensation-related outflows. In addition, our cash from operations varies due to the timing of repayment by owners of vacation ownership notes receivable, timing and amount of voluntary repurchases of defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable, the closing or recording of sales contracts for vacation ownership products, financing propensity, and cash outlays for inventory acquisitions and development.

Seasonality

Our cash flow from operations fluctuates during the year due to the timing of certain receipts and contractual and compensation-related payments. Significant changes in cash flow can result from the timing of our collection of maintenance fees, club dues, and other customer payments, which typically occurs in either the fourth quarter or the first quarter of each year. Generally, cash outflows related to our payment of maintenance fees associated with unsold inventory occurs in the fourth quarter for our points-based products, and in the first quarter for our weeks-based products. In addition, during the first quarter of each year, we generally have variable compensation-related cash outflows associated with payment of annual bonuses.

Operations

In addition to net income or loss and adjustments for non-cash items, the following are key drivers of our cash flow from operating activities:

Inventory Spending (In Excess of) Less Than Cost of Sales

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202520242023
Inventory spending$(111)$(183)$(89)
Purchase and development of property for future transfer to inventory(140)(10)(27)
Inventory costs136150176
Inventory spending (in excess of) less than cost of sales$(115)$(43)$60

We plan to restrict our new inventory spending to capital efficient arrangements where our cash outlay coincides with start of sales, as well as low-cost reacquired inventory. Through our existing VOI repurchase program, we proactively acquire previously sold VOIs from owners’ associations and individual owners at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory. Among other reasons for repurchasing inventory, we expect these repurchases will help stabilize the future cost of our vacation ownership products. In 2025, we fulfilled existing commitments to purchase property in Waikiki and Thailand.

Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Collections Less Than Originations

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202520242023
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — non-securitized$160$111$152
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — securitized519521444
Vacation ownership notes receivable originations(1,030)(1,015)(987)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections less than originations$(351)$(383)$(391)

Vacation ownership notes receivable collections were less than originations in 2025, 2024 and 2023 due to the growth of our vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio.

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Repurchase of Common Stock

The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our Share Repurchase Program:

($ in millions, except per share amounts)Number of Shares RepurchasedCost Basis of Shares RepurchasedAverage Price Paid per Share
As of December 31, 202425,790,550$2,461$95.40
For the year ended December 31, 20251,004,6136161.26
As of December 31, 202526,795,163$2,522$94.12

See Footnote 16 “Stockholders' Equity” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our current share repurchase program.

Payment of Dividends to Common Stockholders

We distributed cash dividends to holders of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2025 as follows:

Declaration DateStockholder Record DateDistribution DateDividend per Share
December 6, 2024December 19, 2024January 3, 2025$0.79
February 20, 2025March 5, 2025March 19, 2025$0.79
May 12, 2025May 23, 2025June 6, 2025$0.79
September 3, 2025September 17, 2025October 1, 2025$0.79

On December 12, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.80 per share that was paid subsequent to the end of 2025, on January 7, 2026, to stockholders of record as of December 24, 2025.

Subsequent to the end of 2025, on February 19, 2026, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.80 per share to be paid on March 18, 2026 to stockholders of record as of March 4, 2026.

We currently expect to pay quarterly dividends in the future, but any future dividend payments will be subject to the approval of our Board of Directors, which will depend on our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements at the time, as well as applicable law, regulatory constraints, industry practice, and other business considerations that our Board of Directors considers relevant. In addition, our Corporate Credit Facility and the indentures governing our senior notes contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing debt that we may incur in the future may also limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of our convertible notes in a manner adverse to us. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future at any particular rate or at all.

Material Cash Requirements

The following table summarizes our future material cash requirements from known contractual or other obligations as of December 31, 2025:

Payments Due by Period
($ in millions)TotalLess Than 1 Year1 - 3 Years3 - 5 YearsMore Than 5 Years
Debt(1)$4,091$727$1,186$694$1,484
Securitized debt(1)(2)2,8222875565231,456
Purchase obligations(3)6262043337019
Operating lease obligations(4)8423281716
Finance lease obligations(4)522183026448
Other long-term obligations33312
$8,178$1,290$2,135$1,330$3,423

(1)Includes principal as well as interest payments and excludes unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.

(2)Payments based on estimated timing of cash flow associated with securitized notes receivable.

(3)Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure, and approximate timing of the transaction. Amounts

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reflected herein represent expected funding requirements under such contracts and primarily relate to future purchases of property and vacation ownership units, outsourced services, and arrangements related to information technology, including cloud computing. Amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above.

(4)Includes interest.

In the normal course of our resort management business, we enter into purchase commitments on behalf of owners’ associations to manage the daily operating needs of our resorts. Since we are reimbursed for these commitments from the cash flows of the owners’ associations, these obligations have minimal impact on our net income or loss and cash flow. These purchase commitments are excluded from the table above.

Supplemental Guarantor Information

The 2028 Notes are guaranteed by MVWC, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. (“MORI”), and certain other subsidiaries whose voting securities are wholly owned directly or indirectly by MORI (such subsidiaries collectively, the “Senior Notes Guarantors”). These guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees of the Senior Notes Guarantors are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions.

The following tables present consolidating financial information as of December 31, 2025, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, for MVWC and MORI on a stand-alone basis (collectively, the “Issuers”), the Senior Notes Guarantors, the combined non-guarantor subsidiaries of MVWC, and MVW on a consolidated basis.

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

As of December 31, 2025
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Cash and cash equivalents$135$70$69$132$$406
Restricted cash21145161327
Accounts and contracts receivable, net21135166117(11)428
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net2511922,1222,565
Inventory324231137692
Property and equipment, net252593105950
Goodwill2,9582,958
Intangibles, net68328711
Investments in subsidiaries2,8943,592(6,486)
Other180155323191(129)720
Total assets$3,230$4,800$5,360$2,993$(6,626)$9,757
Accounts payable$91$45$144$79$(1)$358
Advance deposits727318163
Accrued liabilities1130123124(2)376
Deferred revenue and other11157212(9)371
Payroll and benefits liability11097434218
Deferred compensation liability165555225
Securitized debt, net2,173(27)2,146
Debt, net1,1442,21017913,534
Other511324142
Deferred taxes10520918(101)231
MVW stockholders' equity1,9931,9484,233305(6,486)1,993
Noncontrolling interests
Total liabilities and equity$3,230$4,800$5,360$2,993$(6,626)$9,757

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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income

2025
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Revenues$$1,086$2,798$1,192$(44)$5,032
Expenses(44)(1,396)(2,906)(1,029)44(5,331)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes1287(49)(58)(8)
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries(276)129147
Net loss(308)(94)(157)105147(307)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(1)(1)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders$(308)$(94)$(157)$104$147$(308)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, including information about new accounting standards and the future adoption of such standards.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires assumptions to be made that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made; and (2) changes in the estimate, or different estimates that could have been selected, could have a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly. Additionally, changes in our assumptions, estimates or assessments as a result of unforeseen events or otherwise could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our critical accounting policies and estimates, which are as follows:

•Revenue recognition, including how we recognize revenue under ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” for the sale of vacation ownership products, including our estimates of the sales reserve (variable consideration). Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenue. See Footnote 5 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information on our assessments of our originated vacation ownership notes receivable reserve.

•Inventories and cost of vacation ownership products, which require estimation of future revenues (including pricing assumptions) and product costs to apply a relative sales value method specific to the vacation ownership industry and how we evaluate the fair value of our vacation ownership inventory. See Footnote 20 “Restructuring and Impairment” to our Financial Statements for further information.

•Valuation of property and equipment, including when we record impairment losses. See Footnote 20 “Restructuring and Impairment” to our Financial Statements for further information.

•Valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, including how we determine the fair value of goodwill and our other intangible assets and reporting units, and how we determine when an impairment loss should be recorded. See Footnote 10 “Goodwill” and Footnote 11 “Intangible Assets” to our Financial Statements for further information.

•Loss contingencies, including information on how we account for loss contingencies. Accruals for contingent liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, or an asset impaired, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities accrued for legal matters require judgments regarding projected outcomes and range of loss based on historical litigation and settlement experience, recommendations of legal counsel and, if applicable, other experts.

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•Income taxes, including the accounting related to uncertain tax positions and the determination of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets. The recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions involves consideration of the amounts and probabilities of various outcomes that could be realized upon ultimate resolution. Tax valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets, such as tax loss carryforwards, to net realizable value. Factors considered in estimating net realizable value include historical results by tax jurisdiction, carryforward periods, income tax strategies and forecasted taxable income.

MD&A history

Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. The latest 10-K appears above; prior years are below.

FY 2024 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001524358-25-000044.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2025-02-28. Report date: 2024-12-31.

Item 7.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition together with our audited historical consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part II, “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and Part I, “Item 1. Business,” of this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on our current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those we discuss in the sections of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements.”

Our consolidated financial statements, which we discuss below, reflect our historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The financial information discussed below and included in this Annual Report may not, however, necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.

Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2024 to fiscal year 2023 is included herein. Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2023 to fiscal year 2022 has been omitted from this Form 10-K and can be found in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2024.

Business Overview

We are a leading global vacation company that offers vacation ownership, exchange, rental, and resort and property management, along with related businesses, products and services. Our business operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management.

Our Vacation Ownership segment includes a diverse portfolio of resorts that includes some of the world’s most iconic brands licensed under exclusive long-term relationships. We are the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club, Grand Residences by Marriott, Sheraton Vacation Club, Westin Vacation Club, and Hyatt Vacation Club brands. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Club brand, and we have the non-exclusive right to develop, market and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand. We also have a license to use the St. Regis brand for specified fractional ownership products.

Our Vacation Ownership segment generates most of its revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing vacation ownership resorts, clubs and owners’ associations; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment includes an exchange network and membership programs, as well as the provision of management services to other resorts and lodging properties. Exchange & Third-Party Management revenue generally is fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, property and owners’ association management, and other related products and services. We provide these services through our Interval International and Aqua-Aston businesses. In April 2022, we disposed of VRI Americas after determining that the business was not a core component of our future growth strategy and operating model. This business was a component of our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment through the date of the sale.

Corporate and other represents that portion of our results that are not allocable to our segments, including those relating to Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Significant Accounting Policies Used in Describing Results of Operations

Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

We recognize revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products (also referred to as “VOIs”) when control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer and the transaction price is deemed collectible. Based upon the different terms of our contracts with the customer and business practices, control of the vacation ownership product has historically transferred to the customer at different points in time for each brand of VOIs. In the third quarter of 2022 and the fourth quarter of 2024, we aligned our business practices and contract terms for the sale of vacation ownership products (the “Contract Alignments”), resulting in the prospective change in the timing of the transfer of control to the

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customer for Marriott-branded VOIs and Hyatt-branded VOIs derived from Legacy-Welk sales contracts, respectively. Prior to these changes, control transfer occurred at closing for these vacation ownership products. Subsequent to the Contract Alignments, transfer of control of these vacation ownership products occurs at expiration of the statutory rescission period, consistent with the historical timing of Sheraton-, Westin- and Hyatt- branded transactions. Marriott-branded VOIs and Hyatt-branded VOIs derived from Legacy-Welk sales contracts executed prior to the applicable Contract Alignment have been accounted for with the transfer of control of the VOI occurring at closing.

Sales of vacation ownership products may be made for cash or we may provide financing. In addition, we recognize settlement fees associated with the transfer of vacation ownership products and commission revenues from sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales revenue.”

We also provide sales incentives to certain purchasers. These sales incentives typically include Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” Plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in other third-party offerings, generally up to two years from the date of issuance.

Finally, as more fully described in “Financing” below, we record the difference between the contract receivable or vacation ownership note receivable and the consideration to which we expect to be entitled (also known as a vacation ownership notes receivable reserve or a sales reserve) as a reduction of revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products at the time we recognize revenues from a sale.

We report, on a supplemental basis, contract sales for our Vacation Ownership segment. Contract sales consist of the total amount of vacation ownership product sales under contract signed during the period where we have generally received a down payment of at least ten percent of the contract price, reduced by actual rescissions during the period, inclusive of contracts associated with sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales contract sales.” In circumstances where a customer applies any or all of their existing ownership interests as part of the purchase price for additional interests (also referred to as an equity upgrade), we include only the incremental value purchased as contract sales. Contract sales differ from revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products that we report on our income statements due to the requirements for revenue recognition described above. We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

Cost of vacation ownership products includes costs to acquire, develop and construct our projects (also known as real estate inventory costs), other non-capitalizable costs associated with the overall project development process and settlement expenses associated with the closing process. For each project, we expense real estate inventory costs in the same proportion as the revenue recognized. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our income statements to true up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, can have a positive or negative impact on our income statements.

Management and Exchange

Our management and exchange revenues include revenues generated from fees we earn for managing each of our vacation ownership resorts, providing property management, owners’ association management and related services and fees we earn for providing rental services and related hotel, condominium resort, and owners’ association management services to vacation property owners.

In addition, we earn revenue from ancillary offerings, including food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and service outlets located at our Vacation Ownership resorts. We also receive annual membership fees, club dues and certain transaction-based fees from members, owners and other third parties.

Management and exchange expenses include costs to operate the food and beverage outlets and other ancillary operations and to provide overall customer support services, including reservations, and certain transaction-based expenses relating to exchange service providers.

In our Vacation Ownership segment and Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we refer to these activities as “Resort Management and Other Services.”

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Financing

We offer financing to qualified customers for the purchase of most types of our vacation ownership products. The typical financing agreement provides for monthly payments of principal and interest with the principal balance of the loan fully amortizing over the term of the related vacation ownership note receivable, which is generally ten to fifteen years. While we adjust interest rates on our financing programs from time to time, such changes are typically not made in lockstep with the timing and magnitude of changes in broader market rates. We may use incentives to encourage our customers to choose our financing. Included within our vacation ownership notes receivable are originated vacation ownership notes receivable and vacation ownership notes receivable acquired in connection with the ILG Acquisition and the Welk Acquisition.

The interest income earned from our vacation ownership financing arrangements is earned on an accrual basis on the principal balance outstanding over the contractual life of the arrangement and is recorded as Financing revenues on our Income Statements. Financing revenues also include fees earned from servicing the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. The amount of interest income earned in a period depends on the amount of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, which is impacted positively by the origination of new vacation ownership notes receivable and negatively by principal collections and defaults. We calculate financing propensity as contract sales volume of financed contracts originated in the period divided by contract sales volume of all contracts originated in the period. We do not include resales contract sales in the financing propensity calculation. First-time buyers are more likely to finance their purchases and remain an integral part of our overall marketing and sales strategy.

Acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are accounted for using the purchased credit deteriorated assets provision of the current expected credit loss model. The estimates of the reserve for credit losses on the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are based on default rates that are an output of our static pool analyses and the estimated value of collateral securing the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable.

In the event of a default, we generally have the right to foreclose on or revoke the underlying VOI. We return VOIs that we reacquire through foreclosure or revocation back to inventory. As discussed above, for originated vacation ownership notes receivable, we record a reserve at the time of sale and classify the reserve as a reduction to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products on our Income Statements. Revisions to estimates that result in decreases or increases to the reserve for originated vacation ownership notes receivable can increase or decrease revenues, respectively. In contrast, for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, we record changes to the reserve as an adjustment to Financing expenses on our Income Statements.

As a result of the unification of our Marriott-, Sheraton- and Westin- branded vacation ownership products under the Abound by Marriott Vacations program and stabilization of the default rates, in the third quarter of 2022, we combined and aligned our reserve methodology for vacation ownership notes receivable for our Marriott, Sheraton and Westin brands. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information.

Financing expenses include consumer financing interest expense, which represents interest expense associated with the securitization of our vacation ownership notes receivable, costs to support the financing, servicing and securitization processes and changes in expected credit losses related to acquired vacation ownership notes receivable. We distinguish consumer financing interest expense from all other interest expense because the debt associated with the consumer financing interest expense is considered to be an operating expense of our business.

Rental

In our Vacation Ownership segment, we operate a rental business to provide owner flexibility and to help mitigate carrying costs associated with our inventory. We obtain rental inventory and generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs, inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs and rentals of unregistered inventory and owned-hotel properties. We also recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points at redemption for rental stays at one of our resorts or other third-party offerings. For rental revenues associated with vacation ownership products which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the revenues from rental are less than costs, revenues are reported net in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 978, “Real Estate - Time-Sharing Activities” (“ASC 978”). The rental activity associated with discounted vacation packages requiring a tour (“preview stays”) is not included in transient rental metrics, and because the majority of these preview stays are sourced directly or indirectly from unsold inventory, the associated revenues and expenses are reported net in Marketing and sales expense.

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In our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we offer vacation rental offers known as Getaways to members of the Interval Network and certain other membership programs. Getaways allows us to monetize excess availability of resort accommodations within the applicable exchange network, as well as provide additional vacation opportunities to members. Resort accommodations typically become available as Getaways as a result of seasonal oversupply or underutilized space in the applicable exchange program. We also source resort accommodations specifically for the Getaways program. Rental revenues associated with Getaways are reported net of related expenses.

Rental expenses include:

•Maintenance and other fees on unsold inventory;

•Costs to provide alternative usage options, including Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points, and offerings available as part of third-party offerings, for owners who elect to exchange their inventory; and

•Marketing costs and direct operating and related expenses in connection with the rental business (such as housekeeping, labor costs, credit card expenses, and reservation services).

Rental metrics, including the average daily transient rate or the number of transient keys rented, may not be comparable between periods given fluctuation in available occupancy by location, unit size (such as two bedroom, one bedroom or studio unit), owner use and exchange behavior, rental inventory on hand and keys allocated for preview stays. In addition, rental metrics may not correlate with rental revenues due to the requirement to report certain rental revenues net of rental expenses in accordance with ASC 978 (as discussed above). Further, as our ability to rent certain inventory may be limited on a site-by-site basis, rental operations may not generate adequate rental revenues to cover associated costs. Our Vacation Ownership segment units are either “full villas” or “lock-off” villas. Lock-off villas are units that can be separated into a primary unit and a guest room. Full villas are “non-lock-off” villas because they cannot be separated. A “key” is the lowest increment for reporting occupancy statistics based upon the mix of non-lock-off and lock-off villas. Lock-off villas represent two keys and non-lock-off villas represent one key. The “transient keys” metric represents the blended mix of inventory available for rent and includes all of the combined inventory configurations available in our resort system.

Cost Reimbursements

Cost reimbursements include direct and indirect costs that are reimbursed to us by owners’ associations and customers under management contracts. All costs reimbursed to us by owners’ associations and customers, with the exception of taxes assessed by a governmental authority, are reported on a gross basis. We recognize cost reimbursements when we incur the related reimbursable costs. Cost reimbursements consist of actual expenses with no added margin.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of all interest expense other than consumer financing interest expense, which is included within Financing expense, net of interest income.

Transaction and Integration Costs

Transaction and integration costs primarily include fees paid to change-management consultants, technology-related costs associated with the integrations of ILG and Welk and charges for employee retention, severance and other termination-related benefits. Transaction and integration costs also include costs related to the ILG and Welk Acquisitions, primarily for financial advisory, legal, and other professional service fees, as well as certain tax-related accruals. During the third quarter of 2023 and the second quarter of 2024, we discontinued classifying costs associated with the continued integration of ILG and Welk, respectively, in Transaction and integration costs. Further integration costs incurred after these periods are reflected in the operating results of each of our segments and/or General and administrative expenses.

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Performance Measures

We measure operating performance using the key metrics described below:

•Contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products is considered to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

•Total contract sales include contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products, including non-consolidated joint ventures.

•Consolidated contract sales exclude contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products for non-consolidated joint ventures.

•Volume per guest (“VPG”) is calculated by dividing consolidated vacation ownership contract sales, excluding fractional sales, telesales, resales, and other sales that are not attributed to a sales tour (referred to as Tours, see below), by the number of tours in a given period. We believe that VPG is valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of the sales process as it combines the impact of average contract price with the number of touring guests who make a purchase.

•Tours is the number of sales tours performed during the applicable period, and generally includes virtual and offsite sales tours, and excludes telesales. We believe that Tours is a valuable metric because it represents the volume of touring guests.

•Development profit margin is calculated by dividing Development profit by revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products. We refer to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products less the cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs as Development profit. We believe that Development profit margin is an important measure of the profitability of our development and subsequent marketing and sales of VOIs.

•Total active members is the number of Interval Network active members at the end of the applicable period. We consider active members to be an important metric because it represents the population of owners eligible to book transactions using the Interval Network.

•Average revenue per member is calculated by dividing membership fee revenue, transaction revenue, rental revenue, and other member revenue for the Interval Network by the monthly weighted average number of Interval Network active members during the applicable period. We believe this metric is valuable in measuring the overall engagement of our Interval Network active members.

•Segment financial results attributable to common stockholders represents revenues less expenses directly attributable to each applicable reportable business segment (Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management). We consider this measure to be important in evaluating the performance of our reportable business segments. See Footnote 20 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information about our reportable business segments.

•Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Adjusted EBITDA divided by the Company’s total revenues less cost reimbursements revenues.

•Segment Adjusted EBITDA margin represents Segment Adjusted EBITDA divided by the applicable segment’s total revenues less cost reimbursements revenues.

NM = Not meaningful.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202420232022
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,448$1,460$1,618
Management and exchange843813827
Rental645571551
Financing342322293
Cost reimbursements1,6891,5611,367
TOTAL REVENUES4,9674,7274,656
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products200224289
Marketing and sales919823807
Management and exchange482442444
Rental481452382
Financing14611375
General and administrative243273249
Depreciation and amortization146135132
Litigation charges171311
Restructuring106
Royalty fee114117114
Impairment30322
Cost reimbursements1,6891,5611,367
TOTAL EXPENSES4,4774,1913,872
(Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net(1)4740
Interest expense, net(162)(145)(118)
Transaction and integration costs(18)(37)(125)
Other(3)(3)1
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS306398582
Provision for income taxes(89)(146)(191)
NET INCOME217252391
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests12
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$218$254$391

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Operating Statistics

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
(Contract sales $ in millions)202420232022Change
Vacation Ownership
Total contract sales$1,829$1,800$1,874$292%
Consolidated contract sales$1,813$1,772$1,837$412%
Joint venture contract sales$16$28$37$(12)(43%)
VPG$3,911$4,088$4,421$(177)(4%)
Tours432,716405,825390,59326,8917%
Exchange & Third-Party Management
Total active members at end of year (000's)1,5461,5641,566(18)(1%)
Average revenue per member$154.34$156.65$179.48$(2.31)(1%)

Revenues

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Vacation Ownership$4,730$4,468$4,342$2626%
Exchange & Third-Party Management231262291(31)(12%)
Total Segment Revenues4,9614,7304,6332315%
Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations6(3)239NM
Total Revenues$4,967$4,727$4,656$2405%

Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA, a financial measure that is not prescribed by GAAP, is defined as earnings, or net income attributable to common stockholders, before interest expense, net (excluding consumer financing interest expense associated with term securitization transactions), income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA reflects additional adjustments for certain items, and excludes share-based compensation expense to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted. For purposes of our EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin calculations, we do not adjust for consumer financing interest expense associated with term securitization transactions because we consider it to be an operating expense of our business. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of operating performance, which we use to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, expand our business, and return cash to stockholders. We consider Adjusted EBITDA margin to be an indicator of our operating profitability. We also use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin, as do analysts, lenders, investors, and others, because these measures exclude certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provisions for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin also exclude depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are useful as indicators of operating performance and profitability, respectively, because they allow for period-over-period comparisons of our ongoing core operations before the impact of the excluded items. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin also facilitate comparisons by us, analysts, investors, and others of results from our ongoing core operations before the impact of these items with results from other companies.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA margin differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

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The table below shows our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculation and reconciles these measures with net income attributable to common stockholders, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Net income attributable to common stockholders$218$254$391$(36)(14%)
Interest expense, net1621451181712%
Provision for income taxes89146191(57)(39%)
Depreciation and amortization146135132118%
EBITDA615680832(65)(10%)
Share-based compensation expense33313925%
Certain items79509529NM
Adjusted EBITDA$727$761$966$(34)(4%)
Adjusted EBITDA Margin22.2%24.0%29.4%(1.8 pts)

The table below details the components of Certain items for fiscal years 2024 and 2023.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20242023
ILG integration$$15
Welk acquisition and integration1822
Transaction and integration costs1837
Purchase accounting adjustments18
Litigation charges1713
Restructuring charges106
Impairment charges3032
Early redemption of senior secured notes10
Gain on disposition of hotel, land, and other(8)(8)
Foreign currency translation loss (gain)13(6)
Insurance proceeds(5)(9)
Change in indemnification asset5(31)
Change in estimates relating to pre-acquisition contingencies(4)
Other(3)
Losses (gains) and other expense (income), net1(47)
Other21
Total Certain items$79$50

During the third quarter of 2023 and the second quarter of 2024, we discontinued classifying costs associated with the continued integration of ILG and Welk, respectively, in Transaction and integration costs. Further integration costs incurred after these periods are reflected in the operating results of each of our segments and/or General and administrative expenses.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Vacation Ownership$845$883$1,033$(38)(4%)
Exchange & Third-Party Management102130148(28)(21%)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA9471,0131,181(66)(6%)
General and administrative(243)(273)(249)3011%
Other23213426%
Adjusted EBITDA$727$761$966$(34)(4%)

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The following tables present segment financial results attributable to common stockholders reconciled to segment Adjusted EBITDA.

Vacation Ownership

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Segment financial results$703$777$961$(74)(10%)
Depreciation and amortization100939277%
Share-based compensation expense887—%
Certain items345(27)29NM
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$845$883$1,033$(38)(4%)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin28.1%30.7%35.0%(2.6 pts)

The table below details the components of Certain items for the Vacation Ownership segment financial results for fiscal years 2024 and 2023.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20242023
Purchase accounting adjustments$1$8
Litigation charges1812
Restructuring charges1
Impairment charges2812
Gain on disposition of hotel, land, and other(7)(7)
Insurance proceeds(5)(9)
Change in indemnification asset(9)
Change in estimates relating to pre-acquisition contingencies(4)
Other(4)
Gains and other income, net(16)(29)
Other22
Total Certain items$34$5

Exchange & Third-Party Management

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Segment financial results$69$93$132$(24)(26%)
Depreciation and amortization283131(3)(7%)
Share-based compensation expense222NM
Certain items34(17)(1)NM
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$102$130$148$(28)(21%)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin45.9%52.5%55.2%(6.6) pts

The table below details the components of Certain items for the Exchange & Third-Party Management segment financial results for fiscal years 2024 and 2023.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20242023
Litigation charges$$1
Restructuring charges1
Impairment charges24
Gain on disposition of hotel, land, and other(1)(1)
Foreign currency translation loss1
Total Certain items$3$4

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BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our business is grouped into two reportable business segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management. See Footnote 20 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information about our segments.

VACATION OWNERSHIP

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202420232022
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,448$1,460$1,618
Resort management and other services612568534
Rental605531509
Financing342322293
Cost reimbursements1,7231,5871,388
TOTAL REVENUES4,7304,4684,342
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products200224289
Marketing and sales919823807
Resort management and other services293270240
Rental498466400
Financing14611375
Depreciation and amortization1009392
Litigation charges18129
Restructuring1
Royalty fee114117114
Impairment28122
Cost reimbursements1,7231,5871,388
TOTAL EXPENSES4,0403,7173,416
Gains and other income, net162937
Transaction and integration costs(3)
Other(3)(3)1
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$703$777$961

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Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)2024% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of Resales2023% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of Resales2022% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of ResalesChange
Consolidated contract sales$1,813$1,772$1,837$412%
Joint venture contract sales162837(12)(43%)
Total contract sales1,8291,8001,874292%
Less resales contract sales(38)(42)(40)4
Less joint venture contract sales(16)(28)(37)12
Consolidated contract sales, net of resales1,7751,7301,797453%
Plus:
Settlement revenue382%392%362%(1)
Resales revenue191%221%201%(3)
Revenue recognition adjustments:
Reportability(2)—%3—%432%(5)
Sales reserve(278)(16%)(232)(13%)(170)(9%)(46)
Other(1)(104)(6%)(102)(6%)(108)(6%)(2)
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,44882%$1,46084%$1,61890%$(12)(1%)
VPG3,9114,0884,421(177)(4%)
Tours432,716405,825390,59326,8917%
Financing propensity55.9%58.1%53.9%(2.2 pts)
Average FICO Score(2)737735734

(1)Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.

(2)For customers who financed a vacation ownership purchase and for whom a credit score was available, generally U.S. and Canadian residents.

2024 Compared to 2023

Contract sales increased in 2024 due to a 7% increase in tours, partially offset by a 4% decline in VPG. The decrease in VPG was due to a larger percentage mix of international and North America first time buyer tours, both of which carry a lower VPG than existing owner tours. While existing owner VPG was in line with the prior year, first time buyer VPG declined 9%.

In the third quarter of 2023, we increased our vacation ownership notes receivable reserve to reflect then-current trends in delinquencies and default rates. We estimated the increase in our sales reserve primarily using information from a historical period of increased defaults. The $59 million additional reserve recorded in 2023 was the result of an adjustment to our future default rate estimate to reflect then-current macroeconomic conditions, including inflation outpacing wage growth, continuing high interest rates, mixed economic indicators and increased global insecurity.

During the second quarter of 2024, we increased our sales reserve by $70 million to reflect increases in expected cumulative loss rates for our vacation ownership notes receivable originated during 2021-2024. Consistent with our analysis in the third quarter of 2023, we considered the cumulative impact of inflation and mixed economic environment on delinquencies and default rates. We believed the related impact of higher than historical year-over-year increases in maintenance fees for 2023 and 2024 would continue to drive elevated delinquencies and defaults. As expected, maintenance fee increases for our points-based products for 2025, which were approved by the relevant property owners’ association, returned to levels consistent with historical experience. We have increased our sales reserve rate to reflect higher expected cumulative losses on new originations and do not expect to lower the sales reserve rate until we have sufficient evidence of improvement in delinquency and default rates.

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Development Profit

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)2024% of Revenue2023% of Revenue2022% of RevenueChange
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,448$1,460$1,618$(12)(1%)
Cost of vacation ownership products(200)(14%)(224)(15%)(289)(18%)2411%
Marketing and sales(919)(63%)(823)(56%)(807)(50%)(96)(12%)
Development profit$329$413$522$(84)(20%)
Development profit margin22.7%28.3%32.2%(5.6 pts)

2024 Compared to 2023

The decrease in Development profit was due to the following:

•lower sales of vacation ownership products due to the increase in sales reserve discussed above; and

•higher marketing and sales costs due to:

•higher preview costs attributed to a $26 million increase in cost of occupancy and $4 million for higher tours volume;

•$28 million increase in tour generation costs;

•$19 million of higher compensation due to inflation and higher contract sales; and

•$19 million of higher information technology and other operating costs.

These changes were partially offset by:

•lower cost of vacation ownership products attributed to the sale of lower average cost inventory, including product cost true-up activity, partially offset by higher contract sales.

Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Profit

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Management fee revenues$207$180$166$2715%
Ancillary revenues266252241146%
Other management and exchange revenues13913612733%
Resort management and other services revenues612568534448%
Resort management and other services expenses(293)(270)(240)(23)(9%)
Resort management and other services profit$319$298$294$217%
Resort management and other services profit margin52.1%52.4%55.1%(0.3 pts)
Resort occupancy(1)89.8%88.1%89.3%1.7 pts

(1)Resort occupancy represents all transient, preview, and owner keys divided by total keys available, net of keys out of service.

2024 Compared to 2023

The increase in Resort management and other services revenues reflects higher management fees, higher ancillary revenues and higher club dues.

The increase in Resort management and other services expenses reflects an increase in ancillary expenses of $15 million due to increased volumes sold and operating costs, and an increase in customer services and exchange company expenses of $8 million due to wages, benefits, and other operating cost increases.

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Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Rental revenues$605$531$509$7414%
Rental expenses(498)(466)(400)(32)(7%)
Rental profit$107$65$109$4262%
Rental profit margin17.6%12.4%21.4%5.2 pts
Transient keys rented(1)2,172,5292,072,5902,073,94599,9395%
Average transient key rate$256.61$268.79$268.39$(12.18)(5%)
Rental occupancy(2)72.3%68.2%70.3%4.1 pts

(1)Transient keys rented exclude plus points and preview stays.

(2)Rental occupancy represents transient and preview keys divided by keys available to rent, which is total available keys excluding owner usage.

2024 Compared to 2023

Rental profit, excluding profit from owned hotels, increased due to:

•$43 million of higher plus points revenue attributed to enhanced sales incentive programs put in place during COVID, which increased the amount of plus points issued and lengthened the use period; and

•$26 million increase in costs allocated to marketing and sales expense for occupancy used for previews.

These changes were partially offset by:

•$17 million of increased costs associated with higher owner utilization of third-party vacation and other offerings; and

•$12 million of decreased profit due to a lower average transient rate on higher keys rented and higher tidy and variable costs.

Rental profit for our owned hotels increased $2 million.

We expect rental profit to decline in 2025 due to a higher mix of keys in lower ADR markets, lower plus point revenue due the expiration of enhanced sales incentives programs put in place during COVID, additional preview usage and higher costs associated with unsold maintenance fees.

Financing Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Financing revenues$342$322$293$206%
Financing expenses(41)(36)(20)(5)(13%)
Consumer financing interest expense(105)(77)(55)(28)(36%)
Financing profit$196$209$218$(13)(6%)
Financing profit margin57.4%64.9%74.5%(7.5 pts)
Financing propensity55.9%58.1%53.9%(2.2 pts)

2024 Compared to 2023

The increase in Financing revenues reflects $20 million of higher interest income as a result of a higher average vacation ownership notes receivable balance and $1 million of higher late and service fees, partially offset by $1 million of higher plus point financing incentive costs (recorded as a reduction of interest income).

The increase in consumer financing interest expense is attributable to the higher average securitized debt at a higher average interest rate for our more recent term securitization transactions.

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We expect our average interest rate to continue to increase as the current interest rate environment for new securitization transactions is higher than the average interest rate on our existing securitized debt. We do not adjust interest rates on consumer financing offerings at the same pace as, or in lock-step with, broader market interest rates.

We expect our financing profit to remain flat in 2025.

Litigation Charges

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Litigation charges$18$12$9$654%

2024 Compared to 2023

During 2024 and 2023, litigation charges relate primarily to a land disposition in the U.S. and certain resorts in Europe.

Impairment

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Impairment$28$12$2$16NM

During 2024, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $28 million related to Legacy-Welk inventory. The impairment charge reflects an elongated pace of sales at a higher marketing and selling cost than that estimated in purchase accounting.

During 2023, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $8 million related to our investment in a joint venture, $2 million related to an ancillary operation in Europe, and $2 million related to an owned hotel.

Gains and Other Income

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Gains and other income, net$16$29$37$(13)NM

During 2024, we recorded $6 million of gains on the disposition of excess real estate, $5 million related to the receipt of business interruption insurance proceeds, and a $4 million reduction in certain pre-acquisition contingencies associated with the ILG Acquisition.

During 2023, we recorded a $9 million reduction in certain pre-acquisition contingencies associated with the ILG Acquisition, $9 million related to the receipt of business interruption and property damage insurance proceeds, $7 million of gains on the disposition of excess real estate, and $4 million of gains associated with the earn out of additional proceeds from the 2019 disposition of a land parcel in Cancun, Mexico.

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EXCHANGE & THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment is comprised of the Interval International and Aqua-Aston businesses. Results below include VRI Americas for the period prior to its disposition in the second quarter of 2022.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202420232022
REVENUES
Management and exchange$182$206$226
Rental404042
Cost reimbursements91623
TOTAL REVENUES231262291
EXPENSES
Management and exchange122118120
Depreciation and amortization283131
Litigation charges1
Restructuring1
Impairment24
Cost reimbursements91623
TOTAL EXPENSES162170174
Gains and other income, net115
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$69$93$132

Management and Exchange Profit

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Management and exchange revenue$182$206$226$(24)(12%)
Management and exchange expense(122)(118)(120)(4)(3%)
Management and exchange profit$60$88$106$(28)(31%)
Management and exchange profit margin33.2%42.5%47.0%(9.3 pts)

2024 Compared to 2023

Interval International management and exchange revenues declined $11 million, or 6%, as a result of 7% lower exchange transaction volume, partially offset by a 4% increase in average exchange fees. The decrease in management and exchange revenue also reflects a $13 million decline in Aqua-Aston management revenues resulting from changes in demand in Maui, along with a decline in available nights across the portfolio. The decrease in management and exchange profit was primarily attributed to lower revenues and higher information technology expenses.

Rental Revenues

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Rental revenues$40$40$42$1%

2024 Compared to 2023

Results reflect a 6% increase in average fees per transaction and lower inventory acquisition costs, partially offset by an 8% decrease in transaction volume.

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CORPORATE AND OTHER

Corporate and Other consists of results that are not allocable to our segments, including company-wide general and administrative costs, corporate interest expense, net, transaction and integration costs, and income taxes. In addition, Corporate and Other includes the revenues and expenses from the Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202420232022
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$49$39$67
Cost reimbursements(43)(42)(44)
TOTAL REVENUES6(3)23
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services675484
Rental(17)(14)(18)
General and administrative243273249
Depreciation and amortization18119
Litigation charges(1)2
Restructuring86
Impairment16
Cost reimbursements(43)(42)(44)
TOTAL EXPENSES275304282
(Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net(17)17(12)
Interest expense, net(162)(145)(118)
Transaction and integration costs(18)(37)(122)
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(466)(472)(511)
Provision for income taxes(89)(146)(191)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests12
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$(554)$(616)$(702)

Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations

The following table illustrates the impact of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations under the relevant accounting guidance and the changes attributed to the deconsolidation of certain individual Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202420232022
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$49$39$64
Cost reimbursements(43)(42)(44)
TOTAL REVENUES6(3)20
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services675484
Rental(17)(14)(18)
Cost reimbursements(43)(42)(44)
TOTAL EXPENSES7(2)22
Losses and other expense, net(3)
Interest expense, net11
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(5)
Provision for income taxes(1)(1)(1)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests12
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$$1$(6)

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General and Administrative

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
General and administrative$243$273$249$(30)(11%)

2024 Compared to 2023

The decrease in General and administrative expense is primarily due to one-time information technology expenses incurred in 2023 and lower consulting and compliance related expenses, partially offset by higher variable compensation expense and higher operating costs.

We expect General and administrative expenses to increase in the near term due to the continued impact of increased wages and variable compensation expense and additional investment in upgrading, maintaining, and implementing new technology, including costs associated with our continued transition to software as a service, which are recorded as a component of General and administrative expense as opposed to Depreciation expense.

Restructuring

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Restructuring$8$6$$2NM

In November 2024, we announced the creation of a Strategic Business Operations office focused on accelerating our growth and driving operating efficiencies in all areas of our business while increasing organizational agility. We intend to modernize and optimize our processes and systems, including through advanced technology and automation, while focusing on efforts to increase sales efficiency and inventory optimization while capturing significant savings from initiatives related to procurement and corporate overhead. We believe that we can drive $150 million to $200 million of run rate benefits from these initiatives by the end of 2026, with half coming from cost savings and efficiencies with the balance from accelerating revenue growth. We expect to incur one-time costs related to these initiatives of approximately $100 million in each of 2025 and 2026 to enhance our customer platforms, products and services to achieve these benefits. We also expect additional savings that will benefit our owners’ maintenance fees. During 2024, we incurred $4 million of severance costs and $4 million of other costs associated with these efforts.

During 2023, we realigned our management structure, resulting in severance costs associated with the elimination of certain positions.

Impairment

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Impairment$$16$$(16)NM

During 2023, upon our relocation to our new corporate headquarters, we recorded a non-cash impairment of a right-of-use asset related to operating leases for our legacy corporate headquarters located in Orlando, Florida, as we did not expect proceeds from subleasing these spaces to exceed our future obligations under the operating leases.

(Losses) Gains and Other (Expense) Income

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
(Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net$(17)$17$(12)$(34)NM

In 2024, we recorded $12 million of foreign currency translation losses and $5 million of tax related adjustments to the receivable from Marriott International for indemnified tax matters.

In 2023, we recorded a $22 million increase to our receivable from Marriott International for indemnified income tax matters (the offsetting accrual is included in the Provision for income taxes line) and $6 million of foreign currency translation gains, partially offset by a $10 million expense attributed to the redemption premium and write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs in connection with the early redemption of our 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (“2025 Notes”).

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Interest Expense

Fiscal Years2024 vs. 2023
($ in millions)202420232022Change
Interest expense, net$(162)$(145)$(118)$(17)(12%)

2024 Compared to 2023

The increase in Interest expense, net is attributed to higher variable interest expense and changes in outstanding borrowings during the comparative periods.

Income Tax

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202420232022
Provision for income taxes$(89)$(146)$(191)
Effective tax rate29.0%36.5%32.9%

2024 Compared to 2023

The change in our income tax expense is attributable to lower income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests $23 million and benefits from changes in uncertain tax benefits and our valuation allowance ($78 million). These decreases were partially offset by certain state, foreign and permanent differences which were unfavorable to prior periods ($44 million), of which $20 million related to the removal of our permanent reinvestment assertion for earnings in certain non-U.S. entities.

Refer to Footnote 5 “Income Taxes” for additional information.

In December 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) released model rules introducing a 15% global minimum tax rate for large multinational corporations (“Pillar 2”). Certain countries in which we operate have enacted legislation consistent with the OECD model rules effective beginning in 2024. We considered the applicable tax laws enacted in relevant jurisdictions and concluded there is not a material effect on our tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2024. We will continue to evaluate the impact of additional Pillar Two legislative changes on future reporting periods.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Typically, our capital needs are supported by cash on hand, cash generated from operations, our ability to access funds under the Warehouse Credit Facility and the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, our ability to raise capital through securitizations in the ABS market, and, to the extent necessary, our ability to issue new debt and refinance existing debt. We believe these sources of capital will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans, satisfy debt service requirements, fulfill other cash requirements, and return capital to stockholders. We continuously monitor the capital markets to evaluate the effect that changes in market conditions may have on our ability to fund our liquidity needs.

At December 31, 2024, our corporate debt, net of cash and equivalents, to Adjusted EBITDA ratio was 4.0, above our targeted range of 2.5 to 3.0, and we remain focused on reducing this ratio over time.

During the second quarter of 2024, we amended the Corporate Credit Facility to provide for a new $800 million term loan facility that is scheduled to mature on April 1, 2031 (the “New Term Loan”). The proceeds of the New Term Loan were used to refinance in full the Term Loan, which had a balance of $784 million as of March 31, 2024 and was scheduled to mature on August 31, 2025. We have no material principal payment obligations on our debt prior to 2026. See Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for further information related to maturities of our debt.

Sources of Liquidity

Cash from Operations

Our primary sources of funds from operations are (1) cash sales and down payments on financed sales, (2) cash from our financing operations, including principal and interest payments received on outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, (3) cash from fee-based membership, exchange and rental transactions, and (4) cash generated from our rental and resort management and other services operations.

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Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations

We periodically securitize, without recourse, through bankruptcy remote special purpose entities, the majority of the notes receivable originated in connection with the sale of vacation ownership products to institutional investors in the ABS term securitization market. These vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations provide liquidity for general corporate purposes. In a vacation ownership notes receivable term securitization, several classes of debt securities issued by a special purpose entity are collateralized by a single pool of transferred vacation ownership notes receivable. In connection with each vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, we may retain all or a portion of the securities that are issued.

Typically, we receive cash at inception of the term securitization transaction for the amount of notes issued less fees and monies held in reserve and we receive cash during the life of the transaction in amounts reflecting the excess spread of interest received on the related vacation ownership notes receivable less the interest payable on the ABS securities, less administrative fees and amounts from related vacation ownership notes receivable that default. Loan defaults under securitizations offset a portion of the excess spread we receive, on a monthly basis. We completed two term securitization transactions in 2024 resulting in net proceeds of $863 million.

Each of the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable transactions contains various triggers relating to the performance of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable. If a pool of securitized vacation ownership notes receivable fails to perform within the pool’s parameters (default or delinquency thresholds vary by transaction), transaction provisions effectively redirect the monthly excess spread of interest accruing on the related vacation ownership notes receivable less the interest accruing on the ABS securities and fees we would otherwise receive from that pool (attributable to the interests we retained) to accelerate the principal payments to investors (taking into account the subordination of the different tranches to the extent there are multiple tranches) until the performance trigger is cured. At the recent level of defaults, there is no impact to cash whether we repurchase defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable from a securitization VIE and pursue foreclosure or foreclose on behalf of a securitization VIE. During 2024, and as of December 31, 2024, no securitized vacation ownership notes receivable pools were out of compliance with their respective required parameters. As of December 31, 2024, we had 12 term securitization transactions outstanding. Since 2000, we have issued approximately $10 billion of debt securities in securitization transactions in the term ABS market, excluding amounts securitized through warehouse credit facilities or private bank transactions.

On an ongoing basis, we have the ability to use our Warehouse Credit Facility to securitize, on a revolving non-recourse basis, eligible consumer loans derived from certain vacation ownership sales. Those loans may later be transferred to term securitization transactions in the ABS market, which typically occur twice a year. During 2024, we amended certain agreements associated with our Warehouse Credit Facility, which extended the revolving period from May 31, 2025 to June 11, 2026. At December 31, 2024, we had $124 million of borrowings outstanding on our Warehouse Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2024, $110 million of gross vacation ownership notes receivable were eligible for securitization. See Footnote 15 “Securitized Debt’ and Footnote 19 “Variable Interest Entities” for further information on these facilities.

Revolving Corporate Credit Facility

Our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which expires on March 31, 2027, provides for up to $750 million of aggregate borrowings for general corporate needs, including working capital, capital expenditures, letters of credit, and acquisitions. At December 31, 2024, $125 million of borrowings and $18 million of letters of credit were outstanding under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility. See Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for more information on interest rates pertaining to this facility.

Uses of Cash

We minimize our working capital needs through cash management, strict credit-granting policies, and disciplined collection efforts. Our working capital needs fluctuate throughout the year given the timing of annual maintenance fees on unsold inventory we pay to owners’ associations and certain annual compensation-related outflows. In addition, our cash from operations varies due to the timing of repayment by owners of vacation ownership notes receivable, the closing or recording of sales contracts for vacation ownership products, financing propensity, and cash outlays for inventory acquisitions and development.

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Seasonality

Our cash flow from operations fluctuates during the year due to the timing of certain receipts and contractual and compensation-related payments. Significant changes in cash flow can result from the timing of our collection of maintenance fees, club dues, and other customer payments, which typically occurs in either the fourth quarter or the first quarter of each year. Generally, cash outflows related to our payment of maintenance fees associated with unsold inventory occurs in the fourth quarter for our points-based products, and in the first quarter for our weeks-based products. In addition, during the first quarter of each year, we generally have significant variable compensation-related cash outflows associated with payment of annual bonuses.

Timing of Estimated Tax Payments

The Internal Revenue Service provided for the deferral of federal income tax payments as tax relief for businesses in parts of Florida affected by the hurricanes that occurred during the third and fourth quarters of 2024. This relief allows us to delay making certain estimated tax payments, without interest or penalty. As a result, we deferred $38 million of estimated tax payments from the third and fourth quarters of 2024 to the second quarter of 2025. Similarly, in the prior year, as tax relief for businesses in parts of Florida affected by the hurricanes that occurred in 2023, we were able to defer $32 million of estimated tax payments from the third and fourth quarters of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024.

Operations

In addition to net income and adjustments for non-cash items, the following are key drivers of our cash flow from operating activities:

Inventory Spending (In Excess of) Less Than Cost of Sales

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202420232022
Inventory spending$(183)$(89)$(138)
Purchase of property for future transfer to inventory(10)(27)(12)
Inventory costs150176242
Inventory spending (in excess of) less than cost of sales$(43)$60$92

Although we have adequate inventory on hand, we intend to continue selectively pursuing growth opportunities by targeting high-quality inventory that allows us to add desirable new destinations to our systems with new on-site sales locations to support anticipated future contract sales growth. Where possible, we will structure transactions to limit our up-front capital investment and allow us to purchase finished inventory closer to the time it is needed for sale. These capital efficient vacation ownership transaction structures may consist of the development of new inventory, or the conversion of previously built units, by third parties. In addition, we may develop inventory on our balance sheet in key markets where we believe the opportunities will generate acceptable risk adjusted returns.

Through our existing VOI repurchase program, we proactively acquire previously sold VOIs from owners’ associations and individual owners at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory. Among other reasons for repurchasing inventory, we expect these repurchases will help stabilize the future cost of our vacation ownership products.

Our spending for real estate inventory in 2024 was higher than our cost of sales due to our acquisition of vacation ownership units in Waikiki and purchases under our VOI repurchase programs. Refer to Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for information about acquisitions that occurred in 2024. Purchases of property for future transfer to inventory in 2023 included the acquisition of property in Charleston, South Carolina and Savannah, Georgia. To manage our inventory spending and more closely align it with future sales, we have delayed the construction of certain projects. We expect inventory spending to again be more than cost of sales for 2025 based upon our existing commitments to purchase inventory in 2025.

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Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Collections Less Than Originations

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202420232022
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — non-securitized$111$152$196
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — securitized521444446
Vacation ownership notes receivable originations(1,015)(987)(980)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections less than originations$(383)$(391)$(338)

Vacation ownership notes receivable collections were less than originations in 2024, 2023 and 2022 due to the growth of our vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. We expect vacation ownership notes receivable originations to continue to outpace vacation ownership notes receivable collections in 2025.

Repurchase of Common Stock

The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our current Share Repurchase Program:

($ in millions, except per share amounts)Number of Shares RepurchasedCost Basis of Shares RepurchasedAverage Price Paid per Share
As of December 31, 202325,141,073$2,405$95.65
For the year ended December 31, 2024649,4775685.79
As of December 31, 202425,790,550$2,461$95.40

See Footnote 17 “Stockholders' Equity” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our current share repurchase program.

Payment of Dividends to Common Stockholders

We distributed cash dividends to holders of common stock during the year ended December 31, 2024 as follows:

Declaration DateStockholder Record DateDistribution DateDividend per Share
December 7, 2023December 21, 2023January 4, 2024$0.76
February 15, 2024February 29, 2024March 14, 2024$0.76
May 9, 2024May 23, 2024June 6, 2024$0.76
September 4, 2024September 19, 2024October 3, 2024$0.76

On December 6, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.79 per share that was paid subsequent to the end of 2024, on January 3, 2025, to stockholders of record as of December 19, 2024.

Subsequent to the end of 2024, on February 20, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.79 per share to be paid on March 19, 2025 to stockholders of record as of March 5, 2025.

We currently expect to pay quarterly dividends in the future, but any future dividend payments will be subject to the approval of our Board of Directors, which will depend on our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements at the time, as well as applicable law, regulatory constraints, industry practice, and other business considerations that our Board of Directors considers relevant. In addition, our Corporate Credit Facility and the indentures governing our senior notes contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing debt that we may incur in the future may also limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of our convertible notes in a manner adverse to us. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future at any particular rate or at all.

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Material Cash Requirements

The following table summarizes our future material cash requirements from known contractual or other obligations as of December 31, 2024:

Payments Due by Period
($ in millions)TotalLess Than 1 Year1 - 3 Years3 - 5 YearsMore Than 5 Years
Debt(1)(2)$3,439$119$1,508$996$816
Securitized debt(1)(3)2,7362826474861,321
Purchase obligations(4)5382242831912
Operating lease obligations(5)11725392231
Finance lease obligations(5)535183026461
Other long-term obligations252221
$7,390$690$2,509$1,550$2,641

(1)Includes principal as well as interest payments and excludes unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.

(2)During the second quarter of 2024, we amended the Corporate Credit Facility to provide for the New Term Loan, which is scheduled to mature on April 1, 2031. The proceeds from the New Term Loan were used to refinance in full the Term Loan, which had a balance of $784 million as of March 31, 2024, and was scheduled to mature on August 31, 2025.

(3)Payments based on estimated timing of cash flow associated with securitized notes receivable.

(4)Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure, and approximate timing of the transaction. Amounts reflected herein represent expected funding under such contracts and primarily relate to future purchases of property and vacation ownership units and information technology assets (hardware and software). Amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above.

(5)Includes interest.

In the normal course of our resort management business, we enter into purchase commitments on behalf of owners’ associations to manage the daily operating needs of our resorts. Since we are reimbursed for these commitments from the cash flows of the owners’ associations, these obligations have minimal impact on our net income and cash flow. These purchase commitments are excluded from the table above.

Supplemental Guarantor Information

The 2028 Notes are guaranteed by MVWC, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. (“MORI”), and certain other subsidiaries whose voting securities are wholly owned directly or indirectly by MORI (such subsidiaries collectively, the “Senior Notes Guarantors”). These guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees of the Senior Notes Guarantors are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions.

The following tables present consolidating financial information as of December 31, 2024, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, for MVWC and MORI on a stand-alone basis (collectively, the “Issuers”), the Senior Notes Guarantors, the combined non-guarantor subsidiaries of MVWC, and MVW on a consolidated basis.

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

As of December 31, 2024
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Cash and cash equivalents$1$14$59$123$$197
Restricted cash25134172331
Accounts and contracts receivable, net1816611888(3)387
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net1771612,1022,440
Inventory282345108735
Property and equipment, net2806522381,170
Goodwill3,1173,117
Intangibles, net76327790
Investments in subsidiaries3,4663,743(7,209)
Other148199261105(72)641
Total assets$3,633$4,886$5,610$2,963$(7,284)$9,808
Accounts payable$51$52$164$76$$343
Advance deposits687915162
Accrued liabilities21031491273384
Deferred revenue15157190(8)354
Payroll and benefits liability1038631220
Deferred compensation liability143484195
Securitized debt, net2,163(27)2,136
Debt, net1,1381,77117913,089
Other211819139
Deferred taxes12123631(43)345
MVW stockholders' equity2,4422,5084,394307(7,209)2,442
Noncontrolling interests(1)(1)
Total liabilities and equity$3,633$4,886$5,610$2,963$(7,284)$9,808

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income

2024
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Revenues$$1,146$2,727$1,137$(43)$4,967
Expenses(44)(1,291)(2,542)(827)43(4,661)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes1371(43)(130)(89)
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries249411(660)
Net income (loss)218337142180(660)217
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests11
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$218$337$142$181$(660)$218

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, including information about new accounting standards and the future adoption of such standards.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires assumptions to be made that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made; and (2) changes in the estimate, or different estimates that could have been selected, could have a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly. Additionally, changes in our assumptions, estimates or assessments as a result of unforeseen events or otherwise could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our critical accounting policies and estimates, which are as follows:

•Revenue recognition, including how we recognize revenue under ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” for the sale of vacation ownership products, including our estimates of the sales reserve (variable consideration). Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenue. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information on our assessments of our originated vacation ownership notes receivable reserve.

•Inventories and cost of vacation ownership products, which requires estimation of future revenues and product costs to apply a relative sales value method specific to the vacation ownership industry and how we evaluate the fair value of our vacation ownership inventory.

•Valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, including how we determine the fair value of goodwill and our other intangible assets and reporting units, and how we determine when an impairment loss should be recorded. During the fourth quarter of 2024, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test and did not record any impairment charges. The estimated fair values of our reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts at the date of their most recent estimated fair value determination. During 2024, we evaluated our other intangible assets for impairment and did not record any impairment charges.

•Loss contingencies, including information on how we account for loss contingencies. Accruals for contingent liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, or an asset impaired, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities accrued for legal matters require judgments regarding projected outcomes and range of loss based on historical litigation and settlement experience, recommendations of legal counsel and, if applicable, other experts.

•Income taxes, including the accounting related to uncertain tax positions and the determination of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets. The recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions involves consideration of the amounts and probabilities of various outcomes that could be realized upon ultimate resolution. Tax valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets, such as tax loss carryforwards, to net realizable value. Factors considered in estimating net realizable value include historical results by tax jurisdiction, carryforward periods, income tax strategies and forecasted taxable income.

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FY 2023 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001524358-24-000006.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2024-02-27. Report date: 2023-12-31.

Item 7.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition together with our audited historical consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part II, “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and Part I, “Item 1. Business,” of this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on our current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those we discuss in the sections of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements.”

Our consolidated financial statements, which we discuss below, reflect our historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The financial information discussed below and included in this Annual Report may not, however, necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.

Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2023 to fiscal year 2022 is included herein. Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2022 to fiscal year 2021 has been omitted from this Form 10-K and can be found in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2023.

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Business Overview

We are a leading global vacation company that offers vacation ownership, exchange, rental, and resort and property management, along with related businesses, products and services. Our business operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management.

Our Vacation Ownership segment includes a diverse portfolio of resorts that includes some of the world’s most iconic brands licensed under exclusive long-term relationships. We are the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club, Grand Residences by Marriott, Sheraton Vacation Club, Westin Vacation Club, and Hyatt Vacation Club brands, as well as under Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, an extension of the Marriott Vacation Club brand. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Club brand, and we have the non-exclusive right to develop, market and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand. We also have a license to use the St. Regis brand for specified fractional ownership products.

Our Vacation Ownership segment generates most of its revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing vacation ownership resorts, clubs and owners’ associations; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment includes an exchange network and membership programs, as well as the provision of management services to other resorts and lodging properties. Exchange & Third-Party Management revenue generally is fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, property and owners’ association management, and other related products and services. In April 2022, we disposed of VRI Americas after determining that the business was not a core component of our future growth strategy and operating model. This business was a component of our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment through the date of the sale.

Corporate and other represents that portion of our results that are not allocable to our segments, including those relating to Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Integration of Marriott-, Sheraton- and Westin- Branded Vacation Ownership Products

In 2016, Marriott International purchased Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc., which at the time exclusively licensed the Sheraton and Westin vacation ownership brands to Legacy-ILG. Part of the rationale for our acquisition of ILG in 2018 was to achieve operating efficiencies and business growth by leveraging the brands licensed by Marriott International and its subsidiaries to us and to ILG. In August 2022, we launched Abound by Marriott Vacations, an owner benefit and exchange program which affiliates the Marriott, Sheraton and Westin vacation ownership brands to offer similar benefits to owners of our products under these brands. Under this program, owners of Marriott-, Sheraton- and Westin-branded VOIs can access over 90 resorts under the Marriott Vacation Club, Sheraton Vacation Club and Westin Vacation Club brands using a common currency. The program also harmonizes fee structures and owner benefit levels and has allowed us to transition most of our Legacy-ILG sales galleries to sell our Marriott Vacation Club Destinations product. Further, in late 2022, we added certain Sheraton- and Westin- branded VOIs to the Marriott Vacation Club Destinations product.

Significant Accounting Policies Used in Describing Results of Operations

Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

We recognize revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products (also referred to as “VOIs”) when control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer and the transaction price is deemed collectible. Based upon the different terms of our contracts with the customer and business practices, control of the vacation ownership product has historically transferred to the customer at different points in time for each brand of VOIs. In the third quarter of 2022, we aligned our business practices and contract terms for the sale of vacation ownership products (the “Contract Alignment”), resulting in the prospective change in the timing of the transfer of control to the customer for Marriott-branded VOIs. Prior to these changes, control transfer occurred at closing for Marriott-branded vacation ownership products. Subsequent to the Contract Alignment, transfer of control of Marriott-branded vacation ownership products occurs at expiration of the statutory rescission period, consistent with the historical timing of Sheraton- and Westin- branded transactions. Marriott-branded VOI sales contracts executed prior to these modifications have been accounted for with transfer of control of the VOI occurring at closing. Control transfer for Hyatt Vacation Club VOIs occurs at expiration of the statutory rescission period, except that control transfer for VOIs derived from Legacy-Welk continues to occur at closing.

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Sales of vacation ownership products may be made for cash or we may provide financing. In addition, we recognize settlement fees associated with the transfer of vacation ownership products and commission revenues from sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales revenue.”

We also provide sales incentives to certain purchasers. These sales incentives typically include Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” Plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in other third-party offerings, generally up to two years from the date of issuance.

Finally, as more fully described in “Financing” below, we record the difference between the contract receivable or vacation ownership note receivable and the consideration to which we expect to be entitled (also known as a vacation ownership notes receivable reserve or a sales reserve) as a reduction of revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products at the time we recognize revenues from a sale.

We report, on a supplemental basis, contract sales for our Vacation Ownership segment. Contract sales consist of the total amount of vacation ownership product sales under contract signed during the period where we have generally received a down payment of at least ten percent of the contract price, reduced by actual rescissions during the period, inclusive of contracts associated with sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third-parties, which we refer to as “resales contract sales.” In circumstances where a customer applies any or all of their existing ownership interests as part of the purchase price for additional interests, we include only the incremental value purchased as contract sales. Contract sales differ from revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products that we report on our income statements due to the requirements for revenue recognition described above. We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

Cost of vacation ownership products includes costs to acquire, develop and construct our projects (also known as real estate inventory costs), other non-capitalizable costs associated with the overall project development process and settlement expenses associated with the closing process. For each project, we expense real estate inventory costs in the same proportion as the revenue recognized. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our income statements to true-up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, can have a positive or negative impact on our income statements.

We refer to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products less the cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs as Development profit. Development profit margin is calculated by dividing Development profit by revenues from the Sale of vacation ownership products.

Management and Exchange

Our management and exchange revenues include revenues generated from fees we earn for managing each of our vacation ownership resorts, providing property management, owners’ association management and related services and fees we earn for providing rental services and related hotel, condominium resort, and owners’ association management services to vacation property owners.

In addition, we earn revenue from ancillary offerings, including food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and service outlets located at our Vacation Ownership resorts. We also receive annual membership fees, club dues and certain transaction-based fees from members, owners and other third parties.

Management and exchange expenses include costs to operate the food and beverage outlets and other ancillary operations and to provide overall customer support services, including reservations, and certain transaction-based expenses relating to exchange service providers.

In our Vacation Ownership segment and Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we refer to these activities as “Resort Management and Other Services.”

Financing

We offer financing to qualified customers for the purchase of most types of our vacation ownership products. The typical financing agreement provides for monthly payments of principal and interest with the principal balance of the loan fully amortizing over the term of the related vacation ownership note receivable, which is generally ten to fifteen years. While we adjust interest rates on our financing programs from time to time, such changes are typically not made in lockstep with the timing and magnitude of changes in broader market rates. We may use incentives to encourage our customers to

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choose our financing. Included within our vacation ownership notes receivable are originated vacation ownership notes receivable and vacation ownership notes receivable acquired in connection with the ILG Acquisition and the Welk Acquisition.

The interest income earned from our vacation ownership financing arrangements is earned on an accrual basis on the principal balance outstanding over the contractual life of the arrangement and is recorded as Financing revenues on our Income Statements. Financing revenues also include fees earned from servicing the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. The amount of interest income earned in a period depends on the amount of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, which is impacted positively by the origination of new vacation ownership notes receivable and negatively by principal collections. We calculate financing propensity as contract sales volume of financed contracts originated in the period divided by contract sales volume of all contracts originated in the period. We do not include resales contract sales in the financing propensity calculation. Growing sales to first-time buyers, who are more likely to finance their purchases, remains an integral part of our overall marketing and sales strategy.

Acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are accounted for using the purchased credit deteriorated assets provision of the current expected credit loss model. The estimates of the reserve for credit losses on the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are based on default rates that are an output of our static pool analyses and the estimated value of collateral securing the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information regarding the accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable.

In the event of a default, we generally have the right to foreclose on or revoke the underlying VOI. We return VOIs that we reacquire through foreclosure or revocation back to inventory. As discussed above, for originated vacation ownership notes receivable, we record a reserve at the time of sale and classify the reserve as a reduction to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products on our Income Statements. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenues. In contrast, for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, we record changes to the reserve as an adjustment to Financing expenses on our Income Statements.

As a result of the unification of our Marriott-, Sheraton- and Westin- branded vacation ownership products under the Abound by Marriott Vacations program and stabilization of the default rates, in the third quarter of 2022, we combined and aligned our reserve methodology for vacation ownership notes receivable for our Marriott, Sheraton and Westin brands. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information.

Financing expenses include consumer financing interest expense, which represents interest expense associated with the securitization of our vacation ownership notes receivable, costs to support the financing, servicing and securitization processes and changes in expected credit losses related to acquired vacation ownership notes receivable. We distinguish consumer financing interest expense from all other interest expense because the debt associated with the consumer financing interest expense is secured by vacation ownership notes receivable that have been sold to bankruptcy remote special purpose entities and is generally non-recourse to us.

Rental

In our Vacation Ownership segment, we operate a rental business to provide owner flexibility and to help mitigate carrying costs associated with our inventory. We generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs, inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs and rentals of unregistered inventory and owned-hotel properties. We also recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points under our points-based products when the points are redeemed for rental stays at one of our resorts or other third-party offerings, or upon expiration of the points. We obtain rental inventory from unsold inventory and inventory we control because owners have elected alternative usage options offered through our vacation ownership programs. For rental revenues associated with vacation ownership products which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the revenues from rental are less than costs, revenues are reported net in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 978, “Real Estate - Time-Sharing Activities” (“ASC 978”). The rental activity associated with discounted vacation packages requiring a tour (“preview stays”) is not included in transient rental metrics, and because the majority of these preview stays are sourced directly or indirectly from unsold inventory, the associated revenues and expenses are reported net in Marketing and sales expense.

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In our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we offer vacation rental opportunities at managed properties through our Aqua-Aston business, and for the period prior to its disposition in the second quarter of 2022, VRI Americas. We also offer vacation rental offers known as Getaways to members of the Interval Network and certain other membership programs. Getaways allows us to monetize excess availability of resort accommodations within the applicable exchange network, as well as provide additional vacation opportunities to members. Resort accommodations typically become available as Getaways as a result of seasonal oversupply or underutilized space in the applicable exchange program. We also source resort accommodations specifically for the Getaways program. Rental revenues associated with Getaways are reported net of related expenses.

Rental expenses include:

•Maintenance and other fees on unsold inventory;

•Costs to provide alternative usage options, including Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points, and offerings available as part of third-party offerings, for owners who elect to exchange their inventory; and

•Marketing costs and direct operating and related expenses in connection with the rental business (such as housekeeping, labor costs, credit card expenses, and reservation services).

Rental metrics, including the average daily transient rate or the number of transient keys rented, may not be comparable between periods given fluctuation in available occupancy by location, unit size (such as two bedroom, one bedroom or studio unit), owner use and exchange behavior, unsold inventory on hand and keys allocated for preview stays. In addition, rental metrics may not correlate with rental revenues due to the requirement to report certain rental revenues net of rental expenses in accordance with ASC 978 (as discussed above). Further, as our ability to rent certain inventory may be limited on a site-by-site basis, rental operations may not generate adequate rental revenues to cover associated costs. Our Vacation Ownership segment units are either “full villas” or “lock-off” villas. Lock-off villas are units that can be separated into a primary unit and a guest room. Full villas are “non-lock-off” villas because they cannot be separated. A “key” is the lowest increment for reporting occupancy statistics based upon the mix of non-lock-off and lock-off villas. Lock-off villas represent two keys and non-lock-off villas represent one key. The “transient keys” metric represents the blended mix of inventory available for rent and includes all of the combined inventory configurations available in our resort system.

Cost Reimbursements

Cost reimbursements include direct and indirect costs that are reimbursed to us by owners’ associations and customers under management contracts. All costs reimbursed to us by owners’ associations and customers, with the exception of taxes assessed by a governmental authority, are reported on a gross basis. We recognize cost reimbursements when we incur the related reimbursable costs. Cost reimbursements consist of actual expenses with no added margin.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of all interest expense other than consumer financing interest expense, which is included within Financing expense.

Transaction and Integration Costs

Transaction and integration costs primarily include fees paid to change-management consultants, technology-related costs associated with the integration of ILG and Welk and charges for employee retention, severance and other termination-related benefits. Transaction and integration costs also include costs related to the ILG and Welk Acquisitions, primarily for financial advisory, legal, and other professional service fees, as well as certain tax-related accruals. Commencing in the third quarter of 2023, we discontinued classifying costs associated with the continued integration of ILG in Transaction and integration costs. Further costs incurred are reflected in the operating results of each of our segments and/or General and administrative expenses.

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Performance Measures

We measure operating performance using the key metrics described below:

•Contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products, which consists of the total amount of vacation ownership product sales under contracts signed during the period where we have generally received a down payment of at least ten percent of the contract price, reduced by actual rescissions during the period, inclusive of contracts associated with sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales contract sales.” In circumstances where customers apply any or all of their existing ownership interests as part of the purchase price for additional interests, we include only the incremental value purchased as contract sales. Contract sales differ from revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products that we report on our income statements due to the requirements for revenue recognition described above and adjustments for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue. We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

•Total contract sales include contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products including non-consolidated joint ventures.

•Consolidated contract sales exclude contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products for non-consolidated joint ventures.

•Volume per guest (“VPG”) is calculated by dividing consolidated vacation ownership contract sales, excluding fractional sales, telesales, resales, and other sales that are not attributed to a tour at a sales location, by the number of tours at sales locations in a given period. We believe that this operating metric is valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of the sales process as it combines the impact of average contract price with the number of touring guests who make a purchase.

•Development profit margin is calculated by dividing Development profit by revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products. We refer to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products less the cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs as Development profit. We believe that Development profit margin is an important measure of the profitability of our development and subsequent marketing and sales of VOIs.

•Total active members is the number of Interval Network active members at the end of the applicable period. We consider active members to be an important metric because it represents the population of owners eligible to book transactions using the Interval Network.

•Average revenue per member is calculated by dividing membership fee revenue, transaction revenue, rental revenue, and other member revenue for the Interval Network by the monthly weighted average number of Interval Network active members during the applicable period. We believe this metric is valuable in measuring the overall engagement of our Interval Network active members.

•Segment financial results attributable to common stockholders represents revenues less expenses directly attributable to each applicable reportable business segment (Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management). We consider this measure to be important in evaluating the performance of our reportable business segments. See Footnote 20 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information on our reportable business segments.

NM = Not meaningful.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202320222021
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,460$1,618$1,153
Management and exchange813827855
Rental571551486
Financing322293268
Cost reimbursements1,5611,3671,128
TOTAL REVENUES4,7274,6563,890
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products224289250
Marketing and sales823807617
Management and exchange442444521
Rental452382344
Financing1137588
General and administrative273249227
Depreciation and amortization135132146
Litigation charges131110
Restructuring6
Royalty fee117114106
Impairment3223
Cost reimbursements1,5611,3671,128
TOTAL EXPENSES4,1913,8723,440
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net4740(51)
Interest expense, net(145)(118)(164)
Transaction and integration costs(37)(125)(110)
Other(3)12
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS398582127
Provision for income taxes(146)(191)(74)
NET INCOME25239153
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests2(4)
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$254$391$49

Operating Statistics

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
(Contract sales $ in millions)202320222021Change
Vacation Ownership
Total contract sales$1,800$1,874$1,411$(74)(4%)
Consolidated contract sales$1,772$1,837$1,374$(65)(4%)
Joint venture contract sales$28$37$37$(9)(24%)
VPG$4,088$4,421$4,356$(333)(8%)
Exchange & Third-Party Management
Total active members at end of year (000's)1,5641,5661,296(2)—%
Average revenue per member$156.65$157.97$179.48$(1.32)(1%)

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Revenues

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Vacation Ownership$4,468$4,342$3,539$1263%
Exchange & Third-Party Management262291320(29)(10%)
Total Segment Revenues4,7304,6333,859972%
Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations(3)2331(26)(112%)
Total Revenues$4,727$4,656$3,890$712%

Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA, a financial measure that is not prescribed by GAAP, is defined as earnings, or net income or loss attributable to common stockholders, before interest expense, net (excluding consumer financing interest expense associated with term securitization transactions), income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA reflects additional adjustments for certain items, and excludes share-based compensation expense to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted. For purposes of our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculations, we do not adjust for consumer financing interest expense associated with term securitization transactions because we consider it to be an operating expense of our business. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of operating performance, which we use to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, expand our business, and return cash to stockholders. We also use Adjusted EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors, and others, because this measure excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provisions for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful as an indicator of operating performance because it allows for period-over-period comparisons of our on-going core operations before the impact of the excluded items. Adjusted EBITDA also facilitates comparison by us, analysts, investors, and others of results from our on-going core operations before the impact of these items with results from other companies.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. The table below shows our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculation and reconciles these measures with net income or loss attributable to common stockholders, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Net income attributable to common stockholders$254$391$49$(137)(35%)
Interest expense, net1451181642723%
Provision for income taxes14619174(45)(24%)
Depreciation and amortization13513214632%
EBITDA680832433(152)(18%)
Share-based compensation expense313951(8)(21%)
Certain items5095173(45)(47%)
Adjusted EBITDA$761$966$657$(205)(21%)
Adjusted EBITDA Margin24%29%24%(5 pts)

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In the third quarter of 2022, in connection with the unification of our Marriott-, Westin-, and Sheraton- branded vacation ownership products under the Abound by Marriott Vacations program, we aligned our business practices and contract terms for the sale of vacation ownership products (the “Contract Alignment”), resulting in the prospective acceleration of revenue for the sale of Marriott-branded VOIs. The Contract Alignment increased Net income attributable to common stockholders and Adjusted EBITDA by $34 million and $46 million in 2022, respectively. In addition, we combined and aligned our reserve methodology for vacation ownership notes receivable for these brands (the “Reserve Alignment”), resulting in a $4 million increase in Net income attributable to common stockholders and a $5 million increase in Adjusted EBITDA. Together, these changes are hereinafter referred to as the “Alignment.” See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information on the Reserve Alignment.

The table below details the components of Certain items for 2023 and 2022.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20232022
ILG integration$15$98
Welk acquisition and integration2214
Other transformation initiatives10
Other transaction costs3
Transaction and integration costs37125
Early redemption of senior secured notes10
Gain on disposition of hotel, land, and other(8)(33)
Gain on disposition of VRI Americas(17)
Foreign currency translation(6)10
Insurance proceeds(9)(6)
Change in indemnification asset(31)3
Other(3)3
Gains and other income, net(47)(40)
Purchase accounting adjustments811
Litigation charges1311
Restructuring charges6
Impairment charges322
Expiration/forfeiture of deposits on pre-acquisition preview packages(6)
Early termination of VRI management contract(2)
Change in estimate relating to pre-acquisition contingencies(12)
Other16
Total Certain items$50$95

Commencing in the third quarter of 2023, we discontinued classifying costs associated with the continued integration of ILG in Transaction and integration costs. Further costs incurred are reflected in the operating results of each of our segments and/or General and administrative expenses.

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Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Vacation Ownership$883$1,033$699$(150)(15%)
Exchange & Third-Party Management130148144(18)(13%)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA1,0131,181843(168)(14%)
General and administrative(273)(249)(227)(24)(10%)
Other213441(13)(37%)
Adjusted EBITDA$761$966$657$(205)(21%)

The following tables present segment financial results attributable to common stockholders reconciled to segment Adjusted EBITDA.

Vacation Ownership

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Segment financial results$777$961$585$(184)(19%)
Depreciation and amortization93928912%
Share-based compensation expense876120%
Certain items5(27)1932117%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$883$1,033$699$(150)(15%)

We recognized an additional $51 million of Adjusted EBITDA in the Vacation Ownership segment during 2022 as a result of the Alignment. The table below details the components of Certain items for the Vacation Ownership segment financial results for 2023 and 2022.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20232022
Transaction and integration costs$$3
Gain on disposition of hotel, land, and other(7)(33)
Insurance proceeds(9)(4)
Change in indemnification asset(9)
Other(4)
Gains and other income, net(29)(37)
Purchase accounting adjustments811
Litigation charges129
Impairment charges122
Expiration/forfeiture of deposits on pre-acquisition preview packages(6)
Change in estimate relating to pre-acquisition contingencies(12)
Other23
Total Certain items$5$(27)

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Exchange & Third-Party Management

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Segment financial results$93$132$93$(39)(30%)
Depreciation and amortization313148(2%)
Share-based compensation expense222(23%)
Certain items4(17)121122%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$130$148$144$(18)(13%)

The table below details the components of Certain items for the Exchange & Third-Party Management segment financial results for 2023 and 2022.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20232022
Gain on disposition of hotel, land, and other$(1)$
Gain on disposition of VRI Americas(17)
Foreign currency translation2
Gains and other income, net(1)(15)
Litigation charges1
Impairment charges4
Early termination of VRI management contract(2)
Total Certain items$4$(17)

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BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our business is grouped into two reportable business segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management. See Footnote 20 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information on our segments.

VACATION OWNERSHIP

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202320222021
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,460$1,618$1,153
Resort management and other services568534470
Rental531509446
Financing322293268
Cost reimbursements1,5871,3881,202
TOTAL REVENUES4,4684,3423,539
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products224289250
Marketing and sales823807617
Resort management and other services270240200
Rental466400394
Financing1137588
Depreciation and amortization939289
Litigation charges1299
Royalty fee117114106
Impairment122
Cost reimbursements1,5871,3881,202
TOTAL EXPENSES3,7173,4162,955
Gains and other income, net29371
Transaction and integration costs(3)(2)
Other(3)12
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS777961585
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$777$961$585

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Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)2023% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of Resales2022% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of Resales2021% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of ResalesChange
Consolidated contract sales$1,772$1,837$1,374$(65)(4%)
Joint venture contract sales283737(9)(24%)
Total contract sales1,8001,8741,411(74)(4%)
Less resales contract sales(42)(40)(26)(2)
Less joint venture contract sales(28)(37)(37)9
Consolidated contract sales, net of resales1,7301,7971,348(67)(4%)
Plus:
Settlement revenue392%362%282%3
Resales revenue221%201%121%2
Revenue recognition adjustments:
Reportability3—%432%(44)(3%)(40)
Sales reserve(232)(13%)(170)(9%)(101)(8%)(62)
Other(1)(102)(6%)(108)(6%)(90)(7%)6
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,46084%$1,61890%$1,15386%$(158)(10%)
Financing propensity58.1%53.9%52.7%4.2 pts
Average FICO Score(2)735734732

(1)Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.

(2)For customers who financed a vacation ownership purchase and for whom a credit score was available, generally U.S. and Canadian residents.

2023 Compared to 2022

Contract sales declined due to an 8% decline in VPG, partially offset by tour growth of 4%. The decline in VPG is attributed to the normalization of sales following the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition of certain Legacy-ILG sales galleries to selling our Marriott Vacation Club Destinations product and the impact of the reduced activity at our sales centers in Maui due to the wildfires. These results reflect a 46% and 14% increase in tours and VPG, respectively, in Asia Pacific resulting from the rebound of our sales operations in response to the increase in travel in this region following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Revenue reportability declined due to the non-recurring impact of the Alignment recorded in 2022, which resulted in an increase in reportability of $58 million in 2022.

The increase in the sales reserve is due to an adjustment to our sales reserve recorded in the third quarter of 2023 (referred to as the “2023 Reserve Adjustment” and discussed further below), an increase in the sales reserve rate in the fourth quarter of 2023 to provide for increased defaults consistent with the 2023 Reserve Adjustment, and an increase in financing propensity, partially offset by the non-recurring $19 million Reserve Alignment recorded in 2022.

In the third quarter of 2023, we evaluated our vacation ownership notes receivable reserve in light of trends in delinquencies and default rates. As a result, we increased our originated vacation ownership notes receivable reserve by $59 million. We primarily used a similar historical period of increased defaults as a basis for estimating the increase in our reserve. The additional reserve adjusted our future default rate estimates to reflect then-current macroeconomic conditions, including inflation outpacing wage growth, continuing high interest rates, mixed economic indicators and increased global insecurity.

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The $19 million Reserve Alignment in 2022 was offset by a $19 million decrease in the acquired reserve for vacation ownership notes receivable recorded as a reduction of Financing expenses in 2022.

Development Profit

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)2023% of Revenue2022% of Revenue2021% of RevenueChange
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,460$1,618$1,153$(158)(10%)
Cost of vacation ownership products(224)(15%)(289)(18%)(250)(22%)6523%
Marketing and sales(823)(56%)(807)(50%)(617)(54%)(16)(2%)
Development profit$413$522$286$(109)(21%)
Development profit margin28.3%32.2%24.8%(3.9 pts)

2023 Compared to 2022

The decrease in Development profit reflects lower contract sales volumes and higher sales reserves, higher marketing and sales costs attributed to the 4% increase in tours, lower VPGs and higher than normal inflation, partially offset by $13 million of favorable product cost true-up activity and a lower average cost of inventory in 2023.

Excluding the impact of the $49 million 2023 Reserve Adjustment ($59 million gross, offset by a $10 million reduction in Cost of vacation ownership products) and the $32 million Alignment in 2022, Development profit decreased $28 million and Development profit margin decreased by approximately 60 basis points. We expect future development profit margins to decline slightly resulting from increasing our sales reserve to reflect more recent default activity and an increase in Cost of vacation ownership products.

Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Profit

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Management fee revenues$180$166$158$148%
Ancillary revenues252241188115%
Other management and exchange revenues13612712497%
Resort management and other services revenues568534470346%
Resort management and other services expenses(270)(240)(200)(30)(12%)
Resort management and other services profit$298$294$270$41%
Resort management and other services profit margin52.4%55.1%57.5%(2.7 pts)
Resort occupancy(1)88.1%89.3%81.6%(1.2 pts)

(1)Resort occupancy represents all transient, preview, and owner keys divided by total keys available, net of keys out of service.

2023 Compared to 2022

The increase in Resort management and other services revenues reflects higher ancillary revenues, including revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings (resulting in a 6% increase in revenue per occupied key, partially offset by a 2% decrease in occupied keys at resorts with ancillary businesses), and higher management fees and commissions from third-party vacation and other offerings. The decline in occupied keys at resorts with ancillary businesses was primarily in Maui due to the wildfires.

The increase in Resort management and other services expenses reflects an increase in ancillary expenses of $19 million due to increased volumes sold, inflation and foreign currency exchange rate changes in Mexico, and an increase in customer services and exchange company expenses of $11 million due to incremental headcount, wages, benefits, and other operating cost increases.

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Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Rental revenues$531$509$446$224%
Rental expenses(466)(400)(394)(66)(16%)
Rental profit$65$109$52$(44)(40%)
Rental profit margin12.4%21.4%11.7%(9.0 pts)
Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
(transient keys in millions)202320222021Change
Transient keys rented(1)2,072,5902,073,9451,933,746(1,355)—%
Average transient key rate$268.79$268.39$245.79$0.40—%
Rental occupancy(2)68.2%70.3%55.1%(2.1 pts)

(1)Transient keys rented exclude plus points and preview stays.

(2)Rental occupancy represents transient and preview keys divided by keys available to rent, which is total available keys excluding owner usage.

2023 Compared to 2022

Rental profit excluding profit from our owned hotels declined $38 million due to a $49 million increase in unsold maintenance fees associated with developer owned inventory, $11 million of decreased profit (due to lower demand, the impact of the Maui wildfires, and an unfavorable change in the mix of keys available to rent), and $5 million of increased costs associated with higher owner utilization of third-party vacation and other offerings. These decreases were partially offset by $21 million of higher plus points revenue and a $6 million reduction in costs associated with occupancy used for marketing and sales activities.

Rental profit for our owned hotels declined by $6 million, or 34%, primarily attributed to the disposition of our Puerto Vallarta and Branson hotels in 2022 and 2023, respectively.

Financing Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Financing revenues$322$293$268$2910%
Financing expenses(36)(20)(38)(16)(82%)
Consumer financing interest expense(77)(55)(50)(22)(40%)
Financing profit$209$218$180$(9)(4%)
Financing profit margin64.9%74.5%67.1%(9.6 pts)
Financing propensity58.1%53.9%52.7%4.2 pts

2023 Compared to 2022

The increase in Financing revenues reflects $31 million of higher interest income as a result of a higher average vacation ownership notes receivable balance and a slightly higher average interest rate and $1 million of higher late and service fees, offset by $3 million of higher plus point financing incentive costs (recorded as a reduction of interest income). We plan to continue offering financing incentives to certain customers in the future.

Excluding the $19 million Reserve Alignment recorded in 2022, which reduced the reserve related to our acquired vacation ownership notes receivable (recorded as a reduction of Financing expenses), the decline in Financing expenses is attributed to a reduction in the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable reserve of $3 million during 2023.

The increase in consumer financing interest expense is attributable to the higher average securitized debt and a higher average interest rate on our more recent term securitization transactions. We expect consumer financing interest expense to continue to increase as the rates on new securitizations exceed the current weighted average of our portfolio. We expect originations of vacation ownership notes receivable to outpace payoffs. We do not adjust interest rates on

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consumer financing offerings at the same pace as, or in lock-step with, broader market interest rates; thus, we expect our financing profit margin to decrease in the near term.

Litigation Charges

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Litigation charges$12$9$9$336%

2023 Compared to 2022

During 2023 and 2022, the litigation charges relate primarily to our business in Europe.

Royalty Fee

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Royalty fee$117$114$106$33%

2023 Compared to 2022

Royalty fee expense increased $2 million due to increased variable royalty fees paid to Hyatt, which became effective in the fourth quarter of 2022, and a $1 million increase in initial sales of our inventory, which carry a higher royalty fee as compared to sales of pre-owned inventory (two percent versus one percent).

Impairment

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Impairment$12$2$$10NM

During 2023, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $8 million related to our investment in a joint venture, $2 million related to an ancillary operation in Europe, and $2 million related to an owned hotel.

During 2022, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $2 million related to an ancillary operation in Europe.

Gains and Other Income

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Gains and other income, net$29$37$1$(8)(23%)

During 2023, we recorded a $9 million reduction in certain pre-acquisition contingencies associated with the ILG Acquisition, $9 million related to the receipt of business interruption and property damage insurance proceeds, $7 million of gains on the disposition of excess real estate, and $4 million of gains associated with the earn out of additional proceeds from the 2019 disposition of a land parcel in Cancun, Mexico.

During 2022, we recorded gains and other income of $33 million related to the strategic decision to dispose of our hotel in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, $3 million related to the receipt of business interruption insurance proceeds, and $1 million related to property insurance proceeds.

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EXCHANGE & THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment is comprised of the Interval International and Aqua-Aston businesses. The Interval International business offers a variety of membership programs and travel related products to approximately 1.6 million members and the Aqua-Aston business provides property management and rental services to property owners at 25 resorts and lodging properties. Our results include those of VRI Americas for the period prior to its disposition in the second quarter of 2022.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202320222021
REVENUES
Management and exchange$206$226$233
Rental404240
Cost reimbursements162347
TOTAL REVENUES262291320
EXPENSES
Management and exchange118120131
Depreciation and amortization313148
Litigation charges1
Restructuring1
Impairment4
Cost reimbursements162347
TOTAL EXPENSES170174227
Gains and other income, net115
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$93$132$93

Management and Exchange Profit

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Management and exchange revenue$206$226$233$(20)(9%)
Management and exchange expense(118)(120)(131)21%
Management and exchange profit$88$106$102$(18)(18%)
Management and exchange profit margin42.5%47.0%43.8%(4.5 pts)

2023 Compared to 2022

Excluding the $12 million decrease attributed to the disposition of our VRI Americas business during the second quarter of 2022, management and exchange revenue decreased $8 million or 4%. Interval International management and exchange revenues declined $5 million or 3%, primarily attributed to lower transaction volume and lower membership revenues due to the continued shift in mix to corporate members, which have a lower propensity to transact than our traditional members. Exchange transaction volume declined 5% and average revenue per member decreased 1% compared to the prior year. Aqua-Aston management revenue declined $3 million due to higher property level expenses, which adversely impacted management fees, and a reduction in the number of units managed at a property in Maui.

Excluding the impact of the disposition of VRI Americas, management and exchange profit decreased by $14 million or 14% from the prior year, primarily attributed to higher information technology costs, marketing and sales costs and higher wages and benefits and lower revenues.

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Rental Revenues

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Rental revenues$40$42$40$(2)(4%)

2023 Compared to 2022

Lower rental revenues reflect higher rental inventory procurement costs, which are recorded net within Rental revenues.

Impairment

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Impairment$4$$$4NM

During 2023, we impaired an investment in a management contract.

Gains and Other Income

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Gains and other income, net$1$15$$(14)(95%)

During 2023, we recorded a gain on the disposition of excess real estate of $1 million.

During 2022, we recorded a $17 million gain related to the sale of our VRI Americas business, partially offset by $2 million of foreign currency translation losses. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for more information on the disposition of VRI Americas.

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CORPORATE AND OTHER

Corporate and Other consists of results that are not allocable to our segments, including company-wide general and administrative costs, corporate interest expense, transaction and integration costs, and income taxes. In addition, Corporate and Other includes the revenues and expenses from the Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202320222021
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$39$67$152
Cost reimbursements(42)(44)(121)
TOTAL REVENUES(3)2331
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services5484190
Rental(14)(18)(50)
General and administrative273249227
Depreciation and amortization1199
Litigation charges21
Restructuring6(1)
Impairment163
Cost reimbursements(42)(44)(121)
TOTAL EXPENSES304282258
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net17(12)(52)
Interest expense, net(145)(118)(164)
Transaction and integration costs(37)(122)(108)
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(472)(511)(551)
Provision for income taxes(146)(191)(74)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests2(4)
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$(616)$(702)$(629)

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Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations

The following table illustrates the impact of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations under the relevant accounting guidance, and the changes attributed to the deconsolidation of individual Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202320222021
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$39$64$152
Cost reimbursements(42)(44)(121)
TOTAL REVENUES(3)2031
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services5484190
Rental(14)(18)(50)
Cost reimbursements(42)(44)(121)
TOTAL EXPENSES(2)2219
Losses and other expense, net(3)(4)
Interest expense, net1
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(5)8
Provision for income taxes(1)(1)(1)
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests2(4)
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS$1$(6)$3

General and Administrative

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
General and administrative$273$249$227$2410%

2023 Compared to 2022

General and administrative expenses increased due to $31 million of costs related to the implementation of technology, $14 million of increased wages and benefits, $8 million related to new product development initiatives, $6 million of increased insurance expense, $6 million of incremental costs related to compliance activities and $7 million of other miscellaneous expenses, partially offset by a $39 million decrease in variable compensation expense and $9 million of higher allocations of general and administrative expenses to operations.

We expect General and administrative expenses to increase in the near term due to the continued impact of increased wages and variable compensation expense and additional investment in upgrading, maintaining, and implementing new technology, including costs associated with our continued transition to software as a service, which are recorded as a component of General and administrative expense as opposed to Depreciation expense.

Restructuring

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Restructuring$6$$(1)$6NM

During 2023, we realigned our management structure, resulting in severance costs associated with the elimination of certain positions.

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Impairment

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Impairment$16$$3$16NM

During 2023, upon our relocation to our new corporate headquarters, we recorded a non-cash impairment of a right-of-use asset related to operating leases for our legacy corporate headquarters located in Orlando, Florida, as we do not expect proceeds from subleasing the spaces to exceed our future obligations under the operating leases.

Gains (Losses) and Other Income (Expense)

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net$17$(12)$(52)$29NM

In 2023, we recorded a $22 million increase to our receivable from Marriott International for indemnified income tax matters (the offsetting accrual is included in the Provision for income taxes line) and $6 million of foreign currency translation gains, partially offset by a $10 million expense attributed to the redemption premium and write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs in connection with the early redemption of our 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 (“2025 Notes”).

In 2022, we recorded $8 million of foreign currency translation losses, $3 million of non-cash losses pursuant to a change in control of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations as a result of which we ceased consolidating these owners’ associations, $3 million of non-income tax related adjustments to the receivable for the indemnification we expect to receive from Marriott International for indemnified tax matters, partially offset by $2 million of proceeds from corporate owned life insurance.

Interest Expense

Fiscal Years2023 vs. 2022
($ in millions)202320222021Change
Interest expense, net$(145)$(118)$(164)$(27)(23%)

2023 Compared to 2022

The increase in Interest expense, net is attributed to $20 million of higher interest expense associated with our 2027 Convertible Notes issued in December 2022, $17 million associated with higher borrowings and higher variable interest rates on both the Warehouse Credit Facility and the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, $10 million of higher interest expense associated with higher variable interest rates and the expiration of a portion of our interest rate hedges on the $900 million term loan facility included in our corporate credit facility Term Loan, $7 million of interest expense related to leased assets and $2 million of higher interest on non-income tax related items. This was partially offset by $16 million of lower interest expense associated with the early redemption of our 2025 Notes, $9 million of lower interest expense associated with our 2022 Convertible Notes which were repaid at maturity and $4 million of higher interest income.

Income Tax

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202320222021
Provision for income taxes$(146)$(191)$(74)
Effective tax rate36.5%32.9%58.4%

2023 Compared to 2022

The change in our income tax expense is attributable to lower income before income taxes and noncontrolling interests ($49 million) and benefits from state tax rate changes and certain other foreign and permanent differences which were favorable to prior periods ($62 million). These decreases were partially offset by increases in uncertain tax benefits and changes in our valuation allowance ($66 million) of which $22 million is to be indemnified pursuant to a Tax Matters

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Agreement dated May 11, 2016 by and among Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc., Vistana Signature Experiences, Inc., and Interval Leisure Group, Inc. and we have recorded a corresponding indemnification asset as a component of Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net on our Income Statements.

Refer to Footnote 5 “Income Taxes” for additional information.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has proposed a global minimum tax of 15% of reported profits (Pillar 2) that has been agreed upon in principle by over 140 non-U.S. countries. During 2023, many countries took steps to incorporate Pillar 2 model rule concepts into their domestic laws. Although the model rules provide a framework for applying the minimum tax, countries may enact Pillar 2 slightly differently than the model rules and/or on different timelines. While we continue to monitor legislative developments, we do not anticipate Pillar 2 will have a material impact on our long-term financial position.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Typically, our capital needs are supported by cash on hand, cash generated from operations, our ability to access funds under the Warehouse Credit Facility and the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, our ability to raise capital through securitizations in the ABS market, and, to the extent necessary, our ability to issue new debt and refinance existing debt. We believe these sources of capital will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans, satisfy debt service requirements, fulfill other cash requirements, and return capital to stockholders. We continuously monitor the capital markets to evaluate the effect that changes in market conditions may have on our ability to fund our liquidity needs.

At December 31, 2023, our corporate debt, net of cash and equivalents, to Adjusted EBITDA ratio was 3.7, above our targeted range of 2.5 to 3.0. We have no material maturities of corporate debt until the third quarter of 2025.

As of December 31, 2023, the interest rate applicable to approximately 80% of our total corporate debt, excluding finance leases and including the impact of interest rate hedges, was effectively fixed. The weighted average interest rate of our total corporate debt, excluding finance leases and including the impact of interest rate hedges, was 3.9% as of December 31, 2023. Approximately 70% of our corporate debt will be fixed once our interest rate hedges mature in April 2024.

Sources of Liquidity

Cash from Operations

Our primary sources of funds from operations are (1) cash sales and down payments on financed sales, (2) cash from our financing operations, including principal and interest payments received on outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, (3) cash from fee-based membership, exchange and rental transactions, and (4) net cash generated from our rental and resort management and other services operations.

Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations

We periodically securitize, without recourse, through bankruptcy remote special purpose entities, the majority of the notes receivable originated in connection with the sale of vacation ownership products to institutional investors in the ABS term securitization market. These vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations provide liquidity for general corporate purposes. In a vacation ownership notes receivable term securitization, several classes of debt securities issued by a special purpose entity are generally collateralized by a single pool of transferred assets, which consist of vacation ownership notes receivable. In connection with each vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, we may retain all or a portion of the securities that are issued. Typically, we receive cash at inception of the term securitization transaction for the amount of notes issued less fees and monies held in reserve and we receive cash during the life of the transaction in amounts reflecting the excess spread of interest received on the related vacation ownership notes receivable less the interest payable on the ABS securities, less administrative fees and amounts from related vacation ownership notes receivable that default. We completed two term securitization transactions in 2023 resulting in net proceeds of $806 million.

Each of the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable transactions contains various triggers relating to the performance of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable. If a pool of securitized vacation ownership notes receivable fails to perform within the pool’s parameters (default or delinquency thresholds vary by transaction), transaction provisions effectively redirect the monthly excess spread of interest accruing on the related vacation ownership notes receivable less the interest accruing on the ABS securities and fees we would otherwise receive from

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that pool (attributable to the interests we retained) to accelerate the principal payments to investors (taking into account the subordination of the different tranches to the extent there are multiple tranches) until the performance trigger is cured. During 2023, and as of December 31, 2023, we had 14 term securitization transactions outstanding, all of which were in compliance with their respective required parameters. Since 2000, we have issued approximately $8.9 billion of debt securities in securitization transactions in the term ABS market, excluding amounts securitized through warehouse credit facilities or private bank transactions.

On an ongoing basis, we have the ability to use our Warehouse Credit Facility to securitize, on a revolving non-recourse basis, eligible consumer loans derived from certain vacation ownership sales. Those loans may later be transferred to term securitization transactions in the ABS market, which typically occur twice a year. During 2023, we amended certain agreements associated with our Warehouse Credit Facility, which increased the borrowing capacity from $425 million to $500 million and extended the revolving period from July 28, 2024 to May 31, 2025. At December 31, 2023, we had $150 million of borrowings outstanding on our Warehouse Credit Facility.

As of December 31, 2023, $60 million of gross vacation ownership notes receivable were eligible for securitization. See Footnote 15 “Securitized Debt’ and Footnote 19 “Variable Interest Entities” for further information on these facilities.

Revolving Corporate Credit Facility

Our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which expires on March 31, 2027, provides for up to $750 million of aggregate borrowings for general corporate needs, including working capital, capital expenditures, letters of credit, and acquisitions. At December 31, 2023, $105 million of borrowings were outstanding on our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility and $24 million of letters of credit were outstanding. See Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for more information on interest rates pertaining to this facility.

Redemption of Senior Secured Notes

During 2023, we redeemed, prior to maturity, the remaining $250 million of the 2025 Notes outstanding pursuant to a redemption notice issued in 2022. In connection with this redemption, we incurred charges of $10 million, including a redemption premium and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, which were recorded in Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Uses of Cash

We minimize our working capital needs through cash management, strict credit-granting policies, and disciplined collection efforts. Our working capital needs fluctuate throughout the year given the timing of annual maintenance fees on unsold inventory we pay to owners’ associations and certain annual compensation-related outflows. In addition, our cash from operations varies due to the timing of repayment by owners of vacation ownership notes receivable, the closing or recording of sales contracts for vacation ownership products, financing propensity, and cash outlays for inventory acquisitions and development.

Seasonality

Our cash flow from operations fluctuates during the year due to the timing of certain receipts and contractual and compensation-related payments. Significant changes in cash flow can result from the timing of our collection of maintenance fees, club dues, and other customer payments, which typically occurs in either the fourth quarter or the first quarter of each year. Generally, cash outflows related to our payment of maintenance fees associated with unsold inventory occurs in the fourth quarter for our points-based products, and in the first quarter for our weeks-based products. In addition, during the first quarter of each year, we generally have significant variable compensation-related cash outflows associated with payment of annual bonuses.

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Operations

In addition to net income and adjustments for non-cash items, the following are key drivers of our cash flow from operating activities:

Inventory Spending Less Than (In Excess of) Cost of Sales

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202320222021
Inventory spending$(89)$(138)$(153)
Purchase of property for future transfer to inventory(27)(12)(98)
Inventory costs176242212
Inventory spending less than (in excess of) cost of sales$60$92$(39)

Although we have significant inventory on hand, we intend to continue selectively pursuing growth opportunities by targeting high-quality inventory that allows us to add desirable new destinations to our systems with new on-site sales locations. Where possible, we will structure transactions to limit our up-front capital investment and allow us to purchase finished inventory closer to the time it is needed for sale. These capital efficient vacation ownership transaction structures may consist of the development of new inventory, or the conversion of previously built units, by third parties. In addition, we may develop inventory on balance sheet in key markets where we believe the opportunities will generate acceptable risk adjusted returns.

Through our existing VOI repurchase program, we proactively acquire previously sold VOIs from owners’ associations and individual owners at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory. Among other reasons for repurchasing inventory, we expect these repurchases will stabilize the future cost of our vacation ownership products.

Our spending for real estate inventory in 2023 was lower than our cost of sales and was primarily related to our purchases under our VOI repurchase programs. Purchase of property for future transfer to inventory included the acquisition of property in Savannah, Georgia and Charleston, South Carolina in 2023. We expect inventory spending to again be less than cost of sales for 2024.

Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Collections Less Than of Originations

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202320222021
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — non-securitized$152$196$129
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — securitized444446557
Vacation ownership notes receivable originations(987)(980)(750)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections less than originations$(391)$(338)$(64)

Vacation ownership notes receivable collections were less than originations in 2023, 2022 and 2021 due to the growth of the average vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio.

Repurchase of Common Stock

The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our current share repurchase program:

($ in millions, except per share amounts)Number of Shares RepurchasedCost Basis of Shares RepurchasedAverage Price Paid per Share
As of December 31, 202222,773,218$2,119$93.06
For the year ended December 31, 20232,367,855286120.55
As of December 31, 202325,141,073$2,405$95.65

See Footnote 17 “Stockholders' Equity” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our current share repurchase program.

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Payment of Dividends to Common Stockholders

We distributed cash dividends to holders of common stock during the year ended December 31, 2023 as follows:

Declaration DateStockholder Record DateDistribution DateDividend per Share
December 1, 2022December 22, 2022January 5, 2023$0.72
February 16, 2023March 2, 2023March 16, 2023$0.72
May 11, 2023May 25, 2023June 8, 2023$0.72
September 7, 2023September 21, 2023October 5, 2023$0.72

On December 7, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.76 per share that was paid subsequent to the end of 2023, on January 4, 2024, to stockholders of record as of December 21, 2023.

Subsequent to the end of 2023, on February 15, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.76 per share to be paid on March 14, 2024 to stockholders of record as of February 29, 2024.

We currently expect to pay quarterly dividends in the future, but any future dividend payments will be subject to Board approval, which will depend on our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements, as well as applicable law, regulatory constraints, industry practice, and other business considerations that our Board considers relevant. In addition, our Corporate Credit Facility and the indentures governing our senior notes contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing debt that we may incur in the future may also limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of our convertible notes in a manner adverse to us. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future at any particular rate or at all.

Material Cash Requirements

The following table summarizes our future material cash requirements from known contractual or other obligations as of December 31, 2023:

Payments Due by Period
($ in millions)TotalLess Than 1 Year1 - 3 Years3 - 5 YearsMore Than 5 Years
Debt(1)$3,256$118$1,517$1,111$510
Securitized debt(1) (2)2,6802876754961,222
Purchase obligations(3)468204219405
Operating lease obligations12524412337
Finance lease obligations(4)(5)525172924455
Other long-term obligations181431
$7,072$664$2,484$1,695$2,229

(1)Includes principal as well as interest payments and excludes unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.

(2)Payments based on estimated timing of cash flow associated with securitized notes receivable.

(3)Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure, and approximate timing of the transaction. Amounts reflected herein represent expected funding under such contracts and primarily relate to future purchases of vacation ownership units and information technology assets (hardware and software). Amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above.

(4)Includes interest.

(5)The lease term of the finance lease arrangement for our new corporate headquarters office building located in Orlando, Florida commenced for accounting purposes during the first quarter of 2023, upon substantial completion of construction. See Footnote 14 “Leases” to our Financial Statements for additional information on this lease.

In the normal course of our resort management business, we enter into purchase commitments on behalf of owners’ associations to manage the daily operating needs of our resorts. Since we are reimbursed for these commitments from the cash flows of the owners’ associations, these obligations have minimal impact on our net income and cash flow. These purchase commitments are excluded from the table above.

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Supplemental Guarantor Information

The 2028 Notes are guaranteed by MVWC, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. (“MORI”), and certain other subsidiaries whose voting securities are wholly owned directly or indirectly by MORI (such subsidiaries collectively, the “Senior Notes Guarantors”). These guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees of the Senior Notes Guarantors are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions.

The following tables present consolidating financial information as of December 31, 2023, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, for MVWC and MORI on a stand-alone basis (collectively, the “Issuers”), the Senior Notes Guarantors, the combined non-guarantor subsidiaries of MVWC, and MVW on a consolidated basis.

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

As of December 31, 2023
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Cash and cash equivalents$$20$96$132$$248
Restricted cash25153148326
Accounts and contracts receivable, net30106142120(13)385
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net1211762,0462,343
Inventory186336112634
Property and equipment, net2657362591,260
Goodwill3,1173,117
Intangibles, net82232854
Investments in subsidiaries3,4213,943(7,364)
Other122126279118(132)513
Total assets$3,573$4,792$5,857$2,967$(7,509)$9,680
Accounts payable$55$30$196$81$$362
Advance deposits658316164
Accrued liabilities595137113(7)343
Deferred revenue7169213(7)382
Payroll and benefits liability918628205
Deferred compensation liability126393168
Securitized debt, net2,121(25)2,096
Debt, net1,1311,73617753,049
Other222918249
Deferred taxes12424219(105)280
MVW stockholders' equity2,3822,5164,499350(7,365)2,382
Total liabilities and equity$3,573$4,792$5,857$2,967$(7,509)$9,680

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income

2023
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Revenues$$962$2,731$1,075$(41)$4,727
Expenses(25)(1,127)(2,458)(760)41(4,329)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes1225(90)(93)(146)
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries267439(706)
Net income (loss)254299183222(706)252
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests22
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$254$299$183$224$(706)$254

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements, including information about new accounting standards and the future adoption of such standards.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires assumptions to be made that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made; and (2) changes in the estimate, or different estimates that could have been selected, could have a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly. Additionally, changes in our assumptions, estimates or assessments as a result of unforeseen events or otherwise could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our critical accounting policies and estimates, which are as follows:

•Revenue recognition, including how we recognize revenue under ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” for the sale of vacation ownership products, including our estimates of variable consideration. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenue. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information on our assessments of our originated vacation ownership notes receivable reserve.

•Inventories and cost of vacation ownership products, which requires estimation of future revenues and product costs to apply a relative sales value method specific to the vacation ownership industry and how we evaluate the fair value of our vacation ownership inventory.

•Valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, including how we determine the fair value of goodwill and our other intangible assets and reporting units, and how we determine when an impairment loss should be recorded. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test and did not record any impairment charges. The estimated fair values of our reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts at the date of their most recent estimated fair value determination. During 2023, we evaluated our other intangible assets for impairment and did not record any impairment charges.

•Accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, where estimates of future cash flows are based largely on the customer class and the results of our static pool analysis. In addition, the valuation of acquired vacation ownership notes receivable includes a material estimate of the fair value of the underlying collateral which would be retained in the event of customer default. See further discussion included in Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements.

•Loss contingencies, including information on how we account for loss contingencies. Accruals for contingent liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, or an asset impaired, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities accrued for legal matters require judgments regarding projected outcomes and range of loss based on historical litigation and settlement experience, recommendations of legal counsel and, if applicable, other experts.

•Income taxes, including the accounting related to uncertain tax positions and the determination of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets. The recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions involves consideration of the amounts and probabilities of various outcomes that could be realized upon ultimate resolution. Tax valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets, such as tax loss carryforwards, to net realizable value. Factors considered in estimating net realizable value include historical results by tax jurisdiction, carryforward periods, income tax strategies and forecasted taxable income.

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FY 2022 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001524358-23-000009.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2023-02-27. Report date: 2022-12-31.

Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition together with our audited historical consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part II, “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and Part I, “Item 1. Business,” of this Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on our current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those we discuss in the sections of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements.”

Our consolidated financial statements, which we discuss below, reflect our historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The financial information discussed below and included in this Annual Report may not, however, necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.

Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2022 to fiscal year 2021 is included herein. Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2020 has been omitted from this Form 10-K and can be found in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2022.

Business Overview

We are a leading global vacation company that offers vacation ownership, exchange, rental, and resort and property management, along with related businesses, products and services. Our business operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management.

Our Vacation Ownership segment includes a diverse portfolio of resorts that includes some of the world’s most iconic brands licensed under exclusive long-term relationships. We are the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer, seller and manager of vacation ownership and related products under the Marriott Vacation Club, Grand Residences by Marriott, Sheraton Vacation Club, Westin Vacation Club, and Hyatt Residence Club brands, as well as under Marriott Vacation Club Pulse, an extension to the Marriott Vacation Club brand. We are also the exclusive worldwide developer, marketer and seller of vacation ownership and related products under The Ritz-Carlton Destination Club brand, we have the non-exclusive right to develop, market and sell whole ownership residential products under The Ritz-Carlton Residences brand and we have a license to use the St. Regis brand for specified fractional ownership resorts.

Our Vacation Ownership segment generates most of its revenues from four primary sources: selling vacation ownership products; managing vacation ownership resorts, clubs and owners’ associations; financing consumer purchases of vacation ownership products; and renting vacation ownership inventory.

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment includes exchange networks and membership programs, as well as the provision of management services to other resorts and lodging properties. As of May 2022, we provided these services through our Interval International and Aqua-Aston businesses. Exchange & Third-Party Management revenue generally is fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, property and association management, and other related products and services. In April 2022, we disposed of VRI Americas after determining that the business was not a core component of our future growth strategy and operating model. This business was a component of our Exchange and Third-Party Management segment through the date of the sale. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for further information regarding this disposition.

Corporate and other represents that portion of our results that are not allocable to our segments, including those relating to Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Integration of Marriott-, Sheraton- and Westin- Branded Vacation Ownership Products

Part of the rationale for our acquisition of ILG in 2018 was to achieve operating efficiencies and business growth by leveraging the brands licensed by Marriott International and its subsidiaries to us and to ILG. In 2016, Marriott International purchased Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc., which at the time exclusively licensed the Sheraton and Westin vacation ownership brands to Legacy-ILG. In August 2022, we launched Abound by Marriott Vacations, a new owner benefit and exchange program which affiliates the Marriott, Sheraton and Westin vacation ownership brands to offer similar benefits to owners of our products under these brands. Under this program, owners of Marriott-, Sheraton- and Westin-branded VOIs can access over 90 resorts under the Marriott Vacation Club, Sheraton Vacation Club and Westin Vacation Club brands using

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a common currency. The program also harmonizes fee structures and owner benefit levels and allows us to transition most of our Legacy-ILG sales galleries to sell our Marriott Vacation Club Destinations product. Further, in late 2022, we added certain Sheraton- and Westin- branded VOIs to the Marriott Vacation Club Destinations product.

Acquisition of Welk

On April 1, 2021, we completed the Welk Acquisition, after which Welk became our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary. In April 2022, we introduced the Hyatt Vacation Club and rebranded Legacy-Welk’s vacation ownership program as the Hyatt Vacation Club Platinum Program, enabling Legacy-Welk sales centers to sell a Hyatt-branded vacation ownership product. Most Legacy-Welk resorts are now available for rental stays through Hyatt.com.

Significant Accounting Policies Used in Describing Results of Operations

Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

We recognize revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products (also referred to as “VOIs”) when control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer and the transaction price is deemed collectible. Based upon the different terms of our contracts with the customer and business practices, control of the vacation ownership product has historically transferred to the customer at different points in time for each brand of VOIs. In the third quarter of 2022, we aligned our business practices and contract terms, resulting in the prospective change in the timing of the transfer of control to the customer for Marriott-branded VOIs. Prior to these changes, control transfer occurred at closing for Marriott-branded vacation ownership products. Subsequent to this alignment, transfer of control of Marriott-branded vacation ownership products occurs at expiration of the statutory rescission period, consistent with the historical timing of Sheraton-, Westin- and Hyatt- branded transactions. Marriott-branded VOI sales contracts executed prior to these modifications have been accounted for with transfer of control of the VOI occurring at closing. Control transfer for Legacy-Welk VOIs continues to occur at closing.

Sales of vacation ownership products may be made for cash or we may provide financing. In addition, we recognize settlement fees associated with the transfer of vacation ownership products and commission revenues from sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales revenue.”

We also provide sales incentives to certain purchasers. These sales incentives typically include Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” Plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in other third-party offerings, generally up to two years from the date of issuance. Typically, sales incentives are only awarded if the sale is closed.

Finally, as more fully described in “Financing” below, we record the difference between the contract receivable or vacation ownership note receivable and the consideration to which we expect to be entitled (also known as a vacation ownership notes receivable reserve or a sales reserve) as a reduction of revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products at the time we recognize revenues from a sale.

We report, on a supplemental basis, contract sales for our Vacation Ownership segment. Contract sales consist of the total amount of vacation ownership product sales under contract signed during the period where we have generally received a down payment of at least ten percent of the contract price, reduced by actual rescissions during the period, inclusive of contracts associated with sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third-parties, which we refer to as “resales contract sales.” In circumstances where a customer applies any or all of their existing ownership interests as part of the purchase price for additional interests, we include only the incremental value purchased as contract sales. Contract sales differ from revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products that we report on our income statements due to the requirements for revenue recognition described above. We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

Cost of vacation ownership products includes costs to acquire, develop and construct our projects (also known as real estate inventory costs), other non-capitalizable costs associated with the overall project development process and settlement expenses associated with the closing process. For each project, we expense real estate inventory costs in the same proportion as the revenue recognized. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our income statements to true-up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, can have a positive or negative impact on our income statements.

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We refer to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products less the cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs as Development profit. Development profit margin is calculated by dividing Development profit by revenues from the Sale of vacation ownership products. We previously used the term Development margin to refer to revenues from the Sale of vacation ownership products less the Cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs.

Management and Exchange

Our management and exchange revenues include revenues generated from fees we earn for managing each of our vacation ownership resorts, providing property management, owners’ association management and related services and fees we earn for providing rental services and related hotel, condominium resort, and owners’ association management services to vacation property owners.

In addition, we earn revenue from ancillary offerings, including food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and service outlets located at our Vacation Ownership resorts. We also receive annual membership fees, club dues and certain transaction-based fees from members, owners and other third parties.

Management and exchange expenses include costs to operate the food and beverage outlets and other ancillary operations and to provide overall customer support services, including reservations, and certain transaction-based expenses relating to external exchange service providers.

In our Vacation Ownership segment and Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we refer to these activities as “Resort Management and Other Services.”

Financing

We offer financing to qualified customers for the purchase of most types of our vacation ownership products. The average FICO score of customers who were U.S. citizens or residents who financed a vacation ownership purchase was as follows:

Fiscal Years
202220212020
Average FICO score734732730

The typical financing agreement provides for monthly payments of principal and interest with the principal balance of the loan fully amortizing over the term of the related vacation ownership note receivable, which is generally ten to fifteen years. While we adjust interest rates on our financing programs from time to time, such changes are typically not made in lockstep with the timing and magnitude of changes in broader market rates. We may use incentives to encourage our customers to choose our financing. Included within our vacation ownership notes receivable are originated vacation ownership notes receivable and vacation ownership notes receivable acquired in connection with the ILG Acquisition and the Welk Acquisition.

The interest income earned from our vacation ownership financing arrangements is earned on an accrual basis on the principal balance outstanding over the contractual life of the arrangement and is recorded as Financing revenues on our Income Statements. Financing revenues also include fees earned from servicing the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. The amount of interest income earned in a period depends on the amount of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, which is impacted positively by the origination of new vacation ownership notes receivable and negatively by principal collections. We calculate financing propensity as contract sales volume of financed contracts originated in the period divided by contract sales volume of all contracts originated in the period. We do not include resales contract sales in the financing propensity calculation. Financing propensity was 54% in 2022 and 53% in 2021. We expect to continue offering financing incentive programs in 2023. Growing sales to first-time buyers, who are more likely to finance their purchases, remains an integral part of our overall marketing and sales strategy.

Acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are accounted for using the purchased credit deteriorated assets provision of the current expected credit loss model. The estimates of the reserve for credit losses on the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are based on default rates that are an output of our static pool analyses and the estimated value of collateral securing the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information regarding the accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable.

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In the event of a default, we generally have the right to foreclose on or revoke the underlying VOI. We return VOIs that we reacquire through foreclosure or revocation back to inventory. As discussed above, for originated vacation ownership notes receivable, we record a reserve at the time of sale and classify the reserve as a reduction to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products on our Income Statements. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenues. In contrast, for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, we record changes to the reserve as an adjustment to Financing expenses on our Income Statements.

Historical default rates, which represent defaults as a percentage of each year’s beginning gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance, were as follows:

Fiscal Years
202220212020
Historical default rates4.5%4.3%6.3%

The increased default rates in 2020 were predominantly due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of our vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. In 2021 and 2022, default rates decreased compared to 2020 and the performance of our notes receivable portfolio returned to pre-pandemic levels. As a result of the unification of our Marriott-, Sheraton- and Westin- branded vacation ownership products under the Abound by Marriott Vacations program and stabilization of the default rates, in the third quarter of 2022, we combined and aligned our reserve methodology for vacation ownership notes receivable for our Marriott, Sheraton and Westin brands. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information.

Financing expenses include consumer financing interest expense, which represents interest expense associated with the securitization of our vacation ownership notes receivable, costs to support the financing, servicing and securitization processes and changes in expected credit losses related to acquired vacation ownership notes receivable. We distinguish consumer financing interest expense from all other interest expense because the debt associated with the consumer financing interest expense is secured by vacation ownership notes receivable that have been sold to bankruptcy remote special purpose entities and is generally non-recourse to us.

Rental

In our Vacation Ownership segment, we operate a rental business to provide owner flexibility and to help mitigate carrying costs associated with our inventory. We generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs, inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs and rentals of unregistered inventory and owned-hotel properties. We also recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points under our points-based products when the points are redeemed for rental stays at one of our resorts or other third-party offerings, or upon expiration of the points. We obtain rental inventory from unsold inventory and inventory we control because owners have elected alternative usage options offered through our vacation ownership programs. For rental revenues associated with vacation ownership products which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the revenues from rental are less than costs, revenues are reported net in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 978, “Real Estate - Time-Sharing Activities” (“ASC 978”). The rental activity associated with discounted vacation packages requiring a tour (“preview stays”) is not included in transient rental metrics, and because the majority of these preview stays are sourced directly or indirectly from unsold inventory, the associated revenues and expenses are reported net in Marketing and sales expense.

In our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we offer vacation rental opportunities at managed properties through our Aqua-Aston business, and for the period prior to its disposition in the second quarter of 2022, VRI Americas. We also offer vacation rental offers known as Getaways to members of the Interval International network and certain other membership programs. Getaways allows us to monetize excess availability of resort accommodations within the applicable exchange network, as well as provide additional vacation opportunities to members. Resort accommodations typically become available as Getaways as a result of seasonal oversupply or underutilized space in the applicable exchange program. We also source resort accommodations specifically for the Getaways program. Rental revenues associated with Getaways are reported net of related expenses.

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Rental expenses include:

•Maintenance and other fees on unsold inventory;

•Costs to provide alternative usage options, including Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points, and offerings available as part of third-party offerings, for owners who elect to exchange their inventory; and

•Marketing costs and direct operating and related expenses in connection with the rental business (such as housekeeping, labor costs, credit card expenses, and reservation services).

Rental metrics, including the average daily transient rate or the number of transient keys rented, may not be comparable between periods given fluctuation in available occupancy by location, unit size (such as two bedroom, one bedroom or studio unit), owner use and exchange behavior, unsold inventory on hand and keys allocated for preview stays. In addition, rental metrics may not correlate with rental revenues due to the requirement to report certain rental revenues net of rental expenses in accordance with ASC 978 (as discussed above). Further, as our ability to rent certain luxury and other inventory is often limited on a site-by-site basis, rental operations may not generate adequate rental revenues to cover associated costs. Our Vacation Ownership segment units are either “full villas” or “lock-off” villas. Lock-off villas are units that can be separated into a primary unit and a guest room. Full villas are “non-lock-off” villas because they cannot be separated. A “key” is the lowest increment for reporting occupancy statistics based upon the mix of non-lock-off and lock-off villas. Lock-off villas represent two keys and non-lock-off villas represent one key. The “transient keys” metric represents the blended mix of inventory available for rent and includes all of the combined inventory configurations available in our resort system.

Cost Reimbursements

Cost reimbursements include direct and indirect costs that are reimbursed to us by owners’ associations and customers under management contracts. All costs reimbursed to us by owners’ associations and customers, with the exception of taxes assessed by a governmental authority, are reported on a gross basis. We recognize cost reimbursements when we incur the related reimbursable costs. Cost reimbursements consist of actual expenses with no added margin.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of all interest expense other than consumer financing interest expense, which is included within Financing expense.

Transaction and Integration Costs

Transaction and integration costs primarily include fees paid to change-management consultants, technology-related costs associated with the integration of ILG and Welk and charges for employee retention, severance and other termination-related benefits. Transaction and integration costs also include costs related to the ILG and Welk Acquisitions, primarily for financial advisory, legal, and other professional service fees, as well as certain tax-related accruals.

Other Items

We measure operating performance using the key metrics described below:

•Contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products:

•Total contract sales include contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products including joint ventures. and

•Consolidated contract sales exclude contracts sales from the sale of vacation ownership products for non-consolidated joint ventures.

We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

•Development profit margin;

•Volume per guest (“VPG”), is calculated by dividing consolidated vacation ownership contract sales, excluding fractional sales, telesales, resales, and other sales that are not attributed to a tour at a sales location, by the number of tours at sales locations in a given period. We believe that this operating metric is valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of the sales process as it combines the impact of average contract price with the number of touring guests who make a purchase.

•Total active members is the number of Interval International network active members at the end of the applicable period. We consider active members to be an important metric because it represents the population of owners eligible to book transactions using the Interval International network.

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•Average revenue per member is calculated by dividing membership fee revenue, transaction revenue, rental revenue, and other member revenue for the Interval International network by the monthly weighted average number of Interval International network active members during the applicable period. We believe this metric is valuable in measuring the overall engagement of our Interval International network active members.

•Segment financial results attributable to common shareholders represents revenues less expenses directly attributable to each applicable reportable business segment (Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management). We consider this measure to be important in evaluating the performance of our reportable business segments. See Footnote 20 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information on our reportable business segments.

NM = Not meaningful.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202220212020
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,618$1,153$546
Management and exchange827855755
Rental551486276
Financing293268267
Cost reimbursements1,3671,1281,042
TOTAL REVENUES4,6563,8902,886
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products289250150
Marketing and sales807617386
Management and exchange444521475
Rental382344321
Financing7588107
General and administrative249227154
Depreciation and amortization132146123
Litigation charges11106
Restructuring25
Royalty fee11410695
Impairment23100
Cost reimbursements1,3671,1281,042
TOTAL EXPENSES3,8723,4402,984
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net40(51)(26)
Interest expense(118)(164)(150)
Transaction and integration costs(125)(110)(66)
Other12
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS582127(340)
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes(191)(74)84
NET INCOME (LOSS)39153(256)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4)(19)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$391$49$(275)

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Operating Statistics

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
(Contract sales $ in millions)202220212020Change
Vacation Ownership
Total contract sales$1,874$1,411$669$46333%
Consolidated contract sales$1,837$1,374$654$46334%
Joint venture contract sales$37$37$15$(1%)
VPG$4,421$4,356$3,767$651%
Exchange & Third-Party Management
Total active members at end of period (000's)1,5661,2961,51827021%
Average revenue per member$157.97$179.48$144.97$(21.51)(12%)

Revenues

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Vacation Ownership$4,342$3,539$2,530$80323%
Exchange & Third-Party Management291320309(29)(9%)
Total Segment Revenues4,6333,8592,83977420%
Consolidated Property Owners' Associations233147(8)(24%)
Total Revenues$4,656$3,890$2,886$76620%

Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA, a financial measure that is not prescribed by GAAP, is defined as earnings, or net income or loss attributable to common shareholders, before interest expense (excluding consumer financing interest expense associated with term securitization transactions), income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA reflects additional adjustments for certain items and excludes share-based compensation expense to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted. For purposes of our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculations, we do not adjust for consumer financing interest expense associated with term securitization transactions because we consider it to be an operating expense of our business. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of operating performance, which we use to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, expand our business, and return cash to shareholders. We also use Adjusted EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors, and others, because this measure excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provisions for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful as an indicator of operating performance because it allows for period-over-period comparisons of our on-going core operations before the impact of the excluded items. Adjusted EBITDA also facilitates comparison by us, analysts, investors, and others, of results from our on-going core operations before the impact of these items with results from other companies.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. The table below shows our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculation and reconciles these measures with Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

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Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders$391$49$(275)$342NM
Interest expense118164150(46)(28%)
Tax provision (benefit)19174(84)117159%
Depreciation and amortization132146123(14)(10%)
EBITDA832433(86)39993%
Share-based compensation395137(12)(23%)
Certain items95173284(78)(46%)
Adjusted EBITDA$966$657$235$30947%
Adjusted EBITDA margin29%24%13%5 pts

In the third quarter of 2022, in connection with the unification of the our Marriott-, Westin-, and Sheraton- branded vacation ownership products under the Abound by Marriott Vacations program, we aligned our business practices and contract terms for the sale of vacation ownership products (the “Contract alignment”), resulting in the prospective acceleration of revenue for the sale of Marriott-branded VOIs. The Contract alignment increased Net income attributable to common shareholders and Adjusted EBITDA by $34 million and $46 million in 2022, respectively. In addition, we combined and aligned our reserve methodology for vacation ownership notes receivable for these brands (the “Reserve alignment”), resulting in a $4 million increase in Net income attributable to common shareholders and a $5 million increase in Adjusted EBITDA. Together, these changes are hereinafter referred to as the “Alignment.” See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information on the Reserve Alignment.

The table below details the components of Certain items for 2022 and 2021.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20222021
ILG integration$82$93
Welk acquisition and integration1416
I/T transformation16
Other transformation initiatives10
Other transaction costs31
Transaction and integration costs125110
Purchase accounting adjustments1110
Litigation charges1110
Impairment23
Early redemption of senior unsecured notes55
Gain on disposition of hotel(33)
Gain on disposition of VRI Americas(17)
Foreign currency translation10
Insurance proceeds(6)
Change in indemnification asset3(7)
Other33
(Gains) losses and other (income) expense, net(40)51
Expiration/forfeiture of deposits on pre-acquisition preview packages(6)
Early termination of VRI management contract(2)
Eliminate impact of Consolidated Property Owners' Associations(8)
Change in estimate relating to pre-acquisition contingencies(12)
Other6(3)
Total Certain items$95$173

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Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Vacation Ownership$1,033$699$229$33448%
Exchange & Third-Party Management14814411943%
Segment Adjusted EBITDA1,18184334833840%
General and administrative(215)(186)(118)(29)(16%)
Consolidated Property Owners' Associations5NM
Adjusted EBITDA$966$657$235$30947%

The following tables present segment financial results for our reportable segments reconciled to Adjusted EBITDA.

Vacation Ownership

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Segment financial results$961$585$71$37664%
Depreciation and amortization92897934%
Share-based compensation766121%
Certain items(27)1973(46)NM
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$1,033$699$229$33448%

We recognized an additional $51 million of Adjusted EBITDA in the Vacation Ownership segment during 2022 as a result of the Alignment. The table below details the components of Certain items for the Vacation Ownership segment financial results for 2022 and 2021.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)20222021
Transaction and integration costs$3$2
Purchase accounting adjustments1110
Litigation charges99
Impairment2
Gain on disposition of hotel(33)
Insurance proceeds(4)
Other(1)
(Gains) losses and other (income) expense, net(37)(1)
Expiration/forfeiture of deposits on pre-acquisition preview packages(6)
Change in estimate relating to pre-acquisition contingencies(12)
Other3(1)
Total Certain items$(27)$19

Exchange & Third-Party Management

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Segment financial results$132$93$(14)$3942%
Depreciation and amortization314832(17)(36%)
Share-based compensation22212%
Certain items(17)199(18)NM
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$148$144$119$43%

Certain items for the Exchange & Third-Party Management segment for 2022 consisted of $17 million of gains and other income related to the strategic disposition of our VRI Americas business and $2 million of revenue associated with an early termination of a VRI management contract, offset by $2 million of foreign currency translation losses.

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Certain items for the Exchange & Third-Party Management segment for 2021 consisted of $1 million of COVID-19 related restructuring costs.

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our business is grouped into two reportable business segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management. See Footnote 20 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information on our segments.

VACATION OWNERSHIP

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202220212020
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,618$1,153$546
Resort management and other services534470356
Rental509446239
Financing293268265
Cost reimbursements1,3881,2021,124
TOTAL REVENUES4,3423,5392,530
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products289250150
Marketing and sales807617386
Resort management and other services240200136
Rental400394363
Financing7588106
Depreciation and amortization928979
Litigation charges996
Restructuring15
Royalty fee11410695
Impairment28
Cost reimbursements1,3881,2021,124
TOTAL EXPENSES3,4162,9552,468
Gains and other income, net37112
Transaction and integration costs(3)(2)(3)
Other12
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$961$585$71

Contract Sales

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Total consolidated contract sales1,8371,37465446334%
Joint venture contract sales373715(1%)
Total contract sales$1,874$1,411$669$46333%

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Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)2022% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of Resales2021% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of Resales2020% of Consolidated Contract Sales, Net of ResalesChange
Total contract sales$1,874$1,411$669$46333%
Less resales contract sales(40)(26)(12)(14)
Less joint venture contract sales(37)(37)(15)
Consolidated contract sales, net of resales1,7971,348642449
Plus:
Settlement revenue362%282%142%8
Resales revenue201%121%71%8
Revenue recognition adjustments:
Reportability432%(44)(3%)589%87
Sales reserve(170)(9%)(101)(7%)(129)(20%)(69)
Other(1)(108)(6%)(90)(7%)(46)(7%)(18)
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,61890%$1,15386%$54685%$46540%

_______________

(1)Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.

2022 Compared to 2021

The higher contract sales performance reflects the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and $24 million of Legacy-Welk contract sales in the first quarter of 2022 (Legacy-Welk was acquired in the second quarter of 2021). The Contract alignment resulted in an increase in reportability of $58 million in 2022.

The increase in the sales reserve as a percentage of Consolidated contract sales, net of resales is attributed to the Reserve alignment ($19 million or 110bps) recorded in the third quarter of 2022, the increase in reportability (40bps), an increase attributed to higher Legacy-Welk contract sales which carry a higher reserve rate (30bps), and an increase in financing propensity (20bps). The Reserve alignment was offset by a corresponding decrease in the acquired reserve for vacation ownership notes receivable recorded as a reduction of Financing expenses. Excluding the impact of the Alignment, Sale of vacation ownership products increased $426 million or 37%.

Development Profit

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)2022% of Revenue2021% of Revenue2020% of RevenueChange
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,618$1,153$546$46540%
Cost of vacation ownership products(289)(18%)(250)(22%)(150)(28%)(39)(16%)
Marketing and sales(807)(50%)(617)(54%)(386)(71%)(190)(31%)
Development profit$522$286$10$23682%
Development profit margin32.2%24.8%1.8%7.4 pts

2022 Compared to 2021

Cost of vacation ownership products included favorable product cost true ups of $24 million and $10 million during 2022 and 2021, respectively. Marketing and sales in 2022 was reduced by $6 million of lower marketing and sales associated with expired or forfeited deposits on pre-acquisition preview packages. Excluding the impact of the Alignment, Development profit increased $204 million and Development profit margin increased to 31.0%. We expect future development profit margins to remain above pre-pandemic levels and in line with recent results.

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Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Profit

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Management fee revenues$166$158$149$85%
Ancillary revenues241188895328%
Other management and exchange revenue12712411834%
Resort management and other services revenues5344703566414%
Resort management and other services expenses(240)(200)(136)(40)(20%)
Resort management and other services profit$294$270$220$249%
Resort management and other services profit margin55.1%57.5%61.8%(2.4 pts)
Resort occupancy(1)89.3%81.6%57.2%7.7 pts

_________________________

(1)Resort occupancy represents all transient, preview, and owner keys divided by total keys available, net of keys out of service.

2022 Compared to 2021

Resort management and other services revenues reflect $50 million of higher ancillary revenues, including revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings, as a result of an increase in occupied keys (0.9 million keys or 13%) at resorts with ancillary business and a 14% increase in revenue per occupied key, $6 million of revenues relating to the Welk Acquisition, which we acquired in the second quarter of 2021, $5 million of increased commissions on third-party offerings and higher management fees, and $3 million attributed to higher annual club dues.

The increase in resort management and other services profit reflects $10 million of higher ancillary profit and higher management fee revenues, partially offset by higher customer services expenses due to wage increases and improvements in service levels. Ancillary profit margin remained in line with the prior year because we raised pricing and optimized our food and beverage offerings to offset wage pressures. We expect future ancillary profit margins to remain in line with recent results.

Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Rental revenues$509$446$239$6314%
Rental expenses(400)(394)(363)(6)(2%)
Rental profit$109$52$(124)$57110%
Rental profit margin21.4%11.7%NM9.7 pts
Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
(transient keys in millions)202220212020Change
Transient keys rented(1)2.11.90.20.17%
Average transient key rate$268.39$245.79$219.82$22.609%
Rental occupancy(2)70.3%55.1%24.0%15.2 pts

_________________________

(1)Transient keys rented exclude those obtained through the use of plus points and preview stays.

(2)Rental occupancy represents transient and preview keys divided by keys available to rent, which is total available keys excluding owner usage.

2022 Compared to 2021

Rental profit for transient keys associated with our vacation ownership operations improved by $45 million (97%) in 2022 while rental profit for our owned hotels improved by $12 million (231%). The improvement in rental profit resulted from an increase in transient keys rented and a higher average transient rate due to the continued ramp-up of the business following the waning impact of the COVID-19 pandemic starting late in the prior year first quarter net of higher associated tidy and variable costs, a $17 million increase in allocations of rental costs to marketing and sales expense for marketing purposes and

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$5 million from higher plus point revenue. These increases were partially offset by $36 million of higher costs associated with higher owner utilization of third-party vacation and other offerings, and excess inventory on hand compared to 2021. In addition to these variances, there was a $52 million higher net down of rental revenues and expense in 2022 associated with unsold VOIs that are registered and held for sale.

Financing Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Financing revenues$293$268$265$259%
Financing expenses(20)(38)(48)1848%
Consumer financing interest expense(55)(50)(58)(5)(10%)
Financing profit$218$180$159$3822%
Financing profit margin74.5%67.1%59.8%7.4 pts
Financing propensity54%53%51%

2022 Compared to 2021

Financing revenues reflect $23 million of higher interest income (including $10 million attributed to the lack of comparability due to the Welk Acquisition in the second quarter of 2021 and $13 million as a result of a higher average vacation ownership notes receivable balance and a slightly higher average interest rate driven by mix of customers and brands) and $2 million of lower plus point financing incentive costs year-over-year. We plan to continue offering financing incentives to certain customers in the future.

Financing expenses decreased $19 million due to the Reserve alignment, which reduced the reserve related to our acquired vacation ownership notes receivable (recorded as a reduction of Financing expenses), partially offset by higher other expenses and an increase to our reserve for originated vacation ownership notes receivable (which is recorded as a reduction of Sales of vacation ownership products), partially offset by $1 million lower lien fee income. The increase in consumer financing interest expense is attributable to the higher average securitized debt at a higher average interest rate for the more recent term securitization transactions. We expect consumer financing interest expense to continue to remain elevated over our average outstanding interest rates on existing securitization transactions as a result of rising interest rates and we expect originations of vacation ownership notes receivable to outpace payoffs. We do not adjust interest rates, on consumer financing offerings at the same pace as, or in lock-step with, broader market interest rates; thus we expect our financing profit margin to decrease in 2023, as we repay existing securitization transactions with historically low interest rates and enter into new securitization transactions with higher interest rates.

Depreciation and Amortization

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Depreciation and amortization$92$89$79$34%

2022 Compared to 2021

The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is attributed to an additional $2 million of depreciation expense associated with completed VOIs that are classified as a component of Property and equipment, net until the time at which they are available and legally registered for sale as vacation ownership products and $1 million attributed to the inclusion of expense associated with assets acquired in the Welk Acquisition for an additional quarter in 2022 compared to 2021.

Litigation Charges

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Litigation charges$9$9$6$(3%)

2022 Compared to 2021

During 2022 and 2021, the litigation charges relate primarily to our business in Europe.

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Royalty Fee

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Royalty fee$114$106$95$87%

2022 Compared to 2021

The increase in royalty fee expense included $6 million from an increase in the dollar volume of closings, $3 million from a contractual increase in the fixed portion of the royalty fee owed to Marriott International, and $1 million relating to the commencement of variable royalty fees for Hyatt in the fourth quarter of 2022, partially offset by $2 million from an increase in sales of pre-owned inventory, which carry a lower royalty fee as compared to initial sales of our inventory (one percent versus two percent).

Gains and Other Income

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Gains and other income, net$37$1$12$36NM

During 2022, we recorded gains and other income of $33 million related to the strategic decision to dispose of our hotel in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, $3 million related to receipt of business interruption insurance proceeds, and $1 million related to property insurance proceeds.

Transaction and Integration Costs

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Transaction and integration costs$(3)$(2)$(3)$(1)(62%)

In 2022, we incurred $2 million of transaction costs associated with our capital efficient inventory arrangement in Waikiki and $1 million for costs incurred to identify required upgrades of acquired properties to meet brand standards.

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EXCHANGE & THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment offers access to vacation accommodations and other travel-related transactions and services to leisure travelers by providing vacation exchange and management services, including vacation rentals and other services. We provide these services through our Interval International and Aqua-Aston businesses. Our results include those of VRI Americas for the period prior to its disposition in the second quarter of 2022.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202220212020
REVENUES
Management and exchange$226$233$211
Rental424037
Financing2
Cost reimbursements234759
TOTAL REVENUES291320309
EXPENSES
Management and exchange120131122
Rental11
Financing1
Depreciation and amortization314832
Restructuring14
Impairment92
Cost reimbursements234759
TOTAL EXPENSES174227321
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net15(2)
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$132$93$(14)

Management and Exchange Profit

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Management and exchange revenue$226$233$211$(7)(3%)
Management and exchange expense(120)(131)(122)119%
Management and exchange profit$106$102$89$44%
Management and exchange profit margin47.0%43.8%41.6%3.2 pts
Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
202220212020Change
Total active members at end of period (000's)1,5661,2961,51827021%
Average revenue per member$157.97$179.48$144.97$(21.51)(12%)

2022 Compared to 2021

The decrease in management and exchange revenue reflects $18 million of lower revenue due to the disposition of our VRI Americas business during the second quarter of 2022, partially offset by $10 million and $1 million of higher management fees and ancillary revenues, respectively, at Aqua-Aston managed properties due to the continued ramp-up of business in Hawaii subsequent to the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

For Interval International, revenue was in line with the prior year period while average revenue per member decreased 12% over the prior year comparable period. This decline was due, in part, to recently added affiliations, for which we expect exchange activity to ramp up over time and lower inventory levels in the first half of 2022. The increase in management and exchange profit primarily reflected $10 million of higher profit at Aqua-Aston, partially offset by $6 million of lower profit

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due to the disposition of our VRI Americas business during the second quarter of 2022. Management and exchange profit and profit margin excluding the impact of the disposition of VRI Americas would have increased by $10 million and 11%, respectively, during 2022.

Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Rental revenues$42$40$37$24%

2022 Compared to 2021

Results reflect a $1 million increase in gross Getaways revenues, driven by an 8% increase in the average Getaways fee, partially offset by a 6% decline in transactions and a $1 million increase in revenue from other rental operations. Rental inventory procurement costs, which are recorded net within Rental revenues, were in line with the prior year. The decline in Getaways transactions reflects fewer owner deposits in 2022 as more members chose to occupy their home resorts rather than exchange for usage through Interval International, which put pressure on the inventory available for Getaways.

Depreciation and Amortization

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Depreciation and amortization$31$48$32$(17)(36%)

2022 Compared to 2021

The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense in 2022 relates to a true-up made to accelerate depreciation on a technology asset in 2021 of $12 million.

Losses and Other Expense

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net$15$$(2)$15NM

2022 Compared to 2021

During 2022, we recorded a $17 million gain related to the sale of our VRI Americas business, partially offset by $2 million of foreign currency translation. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” for more information on the disposition of VRI Americas.

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CORPORATE AND OTHER

Corporate and Other consists of results that are not allocable to our segments, including company-wide general and administrative costs, corporate interest expense, transaction and integration costs, and income taxes. In addition, Corporate and Other includes the revenues and expenses from the Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202220212020
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$67$152$188
Cost reimbursements(44)(121)(141)
TOTAL REVENUES233147
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services84190217
Rental(18)(50)(53)
General and administrative249227154
Depreciation and amortization9912
Litigation charges21
Restructuring(1)6
Impairment3
Cost reimbursements(44)(121)(141)
TOTAL EXPENSES282258195
Losses and other expense, net(12)(52)(36)
Interest expense(118)(164)(150)
Transaction and integration costs(122)(108)(63)
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(511)(551)(397)
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes(191)(74)84
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4)(19)
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$(702)$(629)$(332)

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Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations

The following table illustrates the impact of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations under the relevant accounting guidance, which represents the portion related to third-party VOI owners.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202220212020
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$64$152$188
Cost reimbursements(44)(121)(141)
TOTAL REVENUES203147
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services84190217
Rental(18)(50)(53)
Cost reimbursements(44)(121)(141)
TOTAL EXPENSES221923
Losses and other expense, net(3)(4)
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(5)824
Provision for income taxes(1)(1)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4)(19)
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$(6)$3$5

Pursuant to a change in control of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we no longer consolidate these owners’ associations and we recorded a non-cash loss of $3 million in Gains (losses) and other income (expense), net on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2022. We continue to act as manager for these owners’ associations pursuant to existing management contracts and we retain membership interests in these owners’ associations via our ownership of VOIs.

General and Administrative

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
General and administrative$249$227$154$2210%

2022 Compared to 2021

During 2022, General and administrative expenses increased $22 million, attributed to transformation initiative spending, including procurement and artificial intelligence capabilities, business travel related expenses and other miscellaneous costs. Compensation related costs remained relatively flat due to an increase in wages and benefits of $14 million, offset by $12 million and $4 million of lower stock compensation expense and bonus expense, respectively.

Losses and Other Expense

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Losses and other expense, net$(12)$(52)$(36)$4076%

2022

In 2022, we recorded $8 million of foreign currency translation losses, $3 million of non-cash losses pursuant to a change in control of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, $3 million of non-income tax related adjustments to the receivable for the indemnification we expect to receive from Marriott International, partially offset by $2 million of proceeds from corporate owned life insurance.

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2021

In 2021, we recorded $55 million of expense related to the early redemption of senior unsecured notes, and $4 million of non-cash losses pursuant to a change in control of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, partially offset by $7 million related to a true-up of a Marriott International indemnification receivable upon settlement (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the Provision for income taxes line).

Interest Expense

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Interest expense$(118)$(164)$(150)$4628%

2022 Compared to 2021

The decrease in interest expense is attributable to redemption of higher coupon debt in 2021, which was refinanced at lower rates, and the adoption in 2022 of new accounting guidance related to convertible debt (see Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements). The decrease in interest expense was partially offset by increases in borrowings under our revolving credit facilities.

Transaction and Integration Costs

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
Transaction and integration costs$(122)$(108)$(63)$(14)(13%)

2022 Compared to 2021

During 2022, Transaction and integration costs included $82 million of ILG integration-related costs, $16 million of other integration costs, $14 million of Welk Acquisition and integration-related costs, and $10 million of other transaction and integration-related costs.

During 2021, Transaction and integration costs included $93 million of ILG integration-related costs, and $16 million of Welk Acquisition and integration-related costs, partially offset by $1 million of other transaction and integration-related costs.

ILG Acquisition and integration costs primarily relate to the integration of the Sheraton, Westin and Marriott vacation ownership platforms and brands, including upgrading and combining information technology systems in order to create integrated servicing capabilities across brands. These costs, which primarily relate to the implementation of multiple software applications and other enabling technologies, were expensed as incurred and do not include costs to maintain the applications and systems once they are in productive use. As part of the integration of the ILG business, we have been working towards improving the customer experience via enhancing self-service tools and streamlining our business processes through technology. While this effort is in process and we have experienced some servicing delays and website outages, as phases of the effort are completed, we expect these changes will provide enhanced owner and member experiences.

In addition, in April 2021, similar integration opportunities were introduced, albeit it on a smaller scale, when we completed the Welk Acquisition. The ILG and Welk acquisitions presented the opportunity for us to transform our business by integrating the acquired platforms with our existing platforms.

Income Tax

Fiscal Years2022 vs. 2021
($ in millions)202220212020Change
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes$(191)$(74)$84$(117)(159%)

2022 Compared to 2021

The change in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes is predominately attributable to an increase in pre-tax income for fiscal year 2022.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Typically, our capital needs are supported by cash on hand, cash generated from operations, our ability to raise capital through securitizations in the ABS market, our ability to issue new, and refinance existing, debt, and, to the extent necessary, our ability to access funds under the Warehouse Credit Facility and the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility. We believe these sources of capital will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans, satisfy debt service requirements, fulfill other cash requirements, and return capital to shareholders. We continuously monitor the capital markets to evaluate the effect that changes in market conditions may have on our ability to fund our liquidity needs.

Excluding the impact of the Alignment, our corporate debt, net of cash and equivalents, to Adjusted EBITDA ratio was 2.8 at December 31, 2022, which is within our targeted leverage range of 2.5x to 3.0x. Excluding the redemption of the 2025 Notes subsequent to the end of 2022, we have no material maturities of corporate debt until 2025.

As of December 31, 2022, our corporate debt, excluding finance leases and including the impact of interest rate hedges, had a weighted average interest rate of 3.7%, and 92% of such corporate debt accrued interest at a fixed rate.

Sources of Liquidity

Cash from Operations

Our primary sources of funds from operations are (1) cash sales and down payments on financed sales, (2) cash from our financing operations, including principal and interest payments received on outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, (3) cash from fee-based membership, exchange and rental transactions, and (4) net cash generated from our rental and resort management and other services operations.

Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Securitizations

We periodically securitize, without recourse, through bankruptcy remote special purpose entities, the majority of the notes receivable originated in connection with the sale of vacation ownership products to institutional investors in the ABS term securitization market. These vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations provide liquidity for general corporate purposes. In a vacation ownership notes receivable term securitization, several classes of debt securities issued by a special purpose entity are generally collateralized by a single tranche of transferred assets, which consist of vacation ownership notes receivable. In connection with each vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, we may retain a portion of the securities, subordinated tranches, interest-only strips, subordinated interests in accrued interest and fees on the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable or, in some cases, over-collateralization and cash reserve accounts. Typically, we receive cash at inception of the term securitization transaction for the amount of notes issued less fees and monies held in reserve and we receive cash during the life of the transaction in amounts reflecting the excess spread of interest received on the related vacation ownership notes receivable less the interest payable on the ABS securities, less administrative fees and amounts from related vacation ownership notes receivable that default. We completed two term securitization transactions in 2022 resulting in net proceeds of $621 million.

Each of the securitized vacation ownership notes receivable transactions contains various triggers relating to the performance of the underlying vacation ownership notes receivable. If a pool of securitized vacation ownership notes receivable fails to perform within the pool’s parameters (default or delinquency thresholds vary by transaction), transaction provisions effectively redirect the monthly excess spread of interest accruing on the related vacation ownership notes receivable less the interest accruing on the ABS securities and fees we would otherwise receive from that pool (attributable to the interests we retained) to accelerate the principal payments to investors (taking into account the subordination of the different tranches to the extent there are multiple tranches) until the performance trigger is cured. During 2022, and as of December 31, 2022, we had 14 term securitization transactions outstanding, all of which were in compliance with their respective required parameters. Since 2000, we have issued approximately $8.1 billion of debt securities in securitization transactions in the term ABS market, excluding amounts securitized through warehouse credit facilities or private bank transactions.

On an ongoing basis, we have the ability to use our Warehouse Credit Facility to securitize, on a revolving non-recourse basis, eligible consumer loans derived from certain vacation ownership sales. Those loans may later be transferred to term securitization transactions in the ABS market, which typically occur at least once per year. Our Warehouse Credit Facility, as amended during the third quarter of 2022, provides for up to $425 million of aggregate borrowings through July 28, 2024.

As of December 31, 2022, $72 million of gross vacation ownership notes receivable were eligible for securitization.

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Revolving Corporate Credit Facility

Our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility provides for up to $750 million of aggregate borrowings for general corporate needs, including working capital, capital expenditures, letters of credit, and acquisitions, and expires on March 31, 2027. At December 31, 2022, no borrowings were outstanding on our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility and $1 million of letters of credit were outstanding. See Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for more information on interest rates pertaining to this facility.

Issuance of Senior Notes and Convertible Debt

Our ability to access the public debt markets through the issuance of senior notes and convertible debt remained strong during the COVID-19 pandemic. We accessed the public debt markets every year between 2017 and 2022, including a $500 million senior note issuance during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020.

Uses of Cash

We minimize our working capital needs through cash management, strict credit-granting policies, and disciplined collection efforts. Our working capital needs fluctuate throughout the year given the timing of annual maintenance fees on unsold inventory we pay to owners’ associations and certain annual compensation-related outflows. In addition, our cash from operations varies due to the timing of repayment by owners of vacation ownership notes receivable, the closing or recording of sales contracts for vacation ownership products, financing propensity, and cash outlays for inventory acquisitions and development.

Cash and cash equivalents on hand at December 31, 2022 totaled $524 million, an increase of $182 million from December 31, 2021, primarily reflecting $653 million associated with net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities, $331 million of proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes in excess of repayments (net of the temporary refinancing of the 2022 Convertible Notes on our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility), $86 million of new securitized debt borrowings in excess of repayments, investing cash inflow related to the disposition of subsidiaries of $94 million, $43 million of proceeds from the issuance of warrants, and $7 million other net proceeds, partially offset by the repurchase of common stock of $701 million, $107 million for the purchase of convertible note hedges, payment of dividends of $99 million, capital expenditures for property and equipment (excluding inventory) of $65 million, $19 million of debt issuance costs and payments on finance leases, $23 million for payment of withholding taxes on vesting of restricted stock units and $18 million in purchases of company owned life insurance.

Seasonality

Our cash flow from operations fluctuates during the year due to the timing of certain receipts and contractual and compensation-related payments. Significant changes in cash flow can result from the timing of our collection of maintenance fees, club dues, and other customer payments, which typically occur in either the fourth quarter or the first quarter of each year. Cash outflows related to our payment of maintenance fees associated with unsold inventory occurs in the fourth quarter for our points products, and in the first quarter for our weeks-based products. In addition, significant compensation-related cash outflows occur in the first quarter of each year associated with payment of annual bonuses.

Operations

In addition to net income or loss and adjustments for non-cash items, the following are key drivers of our cash flow from operating activities:

Inventory Spending Less Than (In Excess of) Cost of Sales

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202220212020
Inventory spending$(138)$(153)$(98)
Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory(12)(98)(61)
Inventory costs242212117
Inventory spending less than (in excess of) cost of sales$92$(39)$(42)

While we have significant excess inventory on hand, we will continue to selectively pursue growth opportunities by targeting high-quality inventory that allows us to add desirable new destinations to our system with new on-site sales locations through transactions that limit our up-front capital investment and allow us to purchase finished inventory closer to the time it is needed for sale. These capital efficient vacation ownership transaction structures may consist of the development of new inventory, or the conversion of previously built units, by third parties, that we may purchase just prior to the time we need the

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inventory to support future sales. In addition, we may develop inventory in key markets where opportunities generate acceptable risk adjusted returns.

Through our existing VOI repurchase program, we proactively acquire previously sold VOIs from owners’ associations and individual owners at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory. Among other reasons, by repurchasing inventory, we expect to be able to help stabilize the future cost of our vacation ownership products.

Our spending for real estate inventory in 2022 was lower than cost of sales and was primarily related to our VOI repurchase program. We acquired a higher amount of previously sold VOIs in 2022 due to the reinstatement of our VOI repurchase programs that were suspended as part of the cash preservation measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We expect inventory spending to be less than cost of sales for 2023.

Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Collections (Less Than) In Excess of Originations

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202220212020
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — non-securitized$196$129$217
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — securitized446557403
Vacation ownership notes receivable originations(980)(750)(377)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections (less than) in excess of originations$(338)$(64)$243

The increase in sales of vacation ownership products subsequent to the COVID-19 pandemic combined with an increase in financing propensity (54% in 2022 compared to 53% in 2021) outpaced collections of vacation ownership notes receivable.

Repurchase of Common Stock

The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our current share repurchase program:

($ in millions, except per share amounts)Number of Shares RepurchasedCost of Shares RepurchasedAverage Price Paid per Share
As of December 31, 202117,681,395$1,418$80.17
For the year ended December 31, 20225,091,823701137.83
As of December 31, 202222,773,218$2,119$93.06

See Footnote 17 “Shareholders' Equity” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our current share repurchase program, including the additional share repurchase authorization and extension approved by our Board of Directors during 2022.

Payment of Dividends to Common Shareholders

We distributed cash dividends to holders of common stock during the year ended December 31, 2022 as follows:

Declaration DateShareholder Record DateDistribution DateDividend per Share
December 9, 2021December 23, 2021January 6, 2022$0.54
February 18, 2022March 3, 2022March 17, 2022$0.62
May 12, 2022May 26, 2022June 9, 2022$0.62
September 8, 2022September 22, 2022October 6, 2022$0.62

On December 1, 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.72 per share that was paid subsequent to the end of 2022, on January 5, 2023, to shareholders of record as of December 22, 2022.

Subsequent to the end of 2022, on February 16, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.72 per share to be paid on March 16, 2023 to shareholders of record as of March 2, 2023.

We currently expect to pay quarterly dividends in the future, but any future dividend payments will be subject to Board of Directors approval, which will depend on our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements, as well as applicable law, regulatory constraints, industry practice, and other business considerations that our Board of Directors considers relevant. In addition, our Corporate Credit Facility and the indentures governing our senior notes contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing debt that we may incur in the future may

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also limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of our convertible notes in a manner adverse to us. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future at any particular rate or at all.

Material Cash Requirements

The following table summarizes our future material cash requirements from known contractual or other obligations as of December 31, 2022:

Payments Due by Period
($ in millions)TotalLess Than 1 Year1 - 3 Years3 - 5 YearsMore Than 5 Years
Debt(1)$3,502$365$991$1,262$884
Securitized debt(1) (2)2,224234598423969
Purchase obligations(3)35573228495
Operating lease obligations13528453131
Finance lease obligations(4)2838127256
Other long-term obligations(5)2013511
$6,519$721$1,879$1,773$2,146

_________________________

(1)Includes principal as well as interest payments and excludes unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.

(2)Payments based on estimated timing of cash flow associated with securitized notes receivable.

(3)Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure, and approximate timing of the transaction. Amounts reflected herein represent expected funding under such contracts. Amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above.

(4)Includes interest.

(5)Primarily relates to future guaranteed purchases of rental inventory of $7 million, and our commitment to an owners’ association that we manage to pay for any shortfall between the actual expenses incurred by the owners’ association and the income received by the owners’ association, in lieu of maintenance fees, of $10 million.

In the normal course of our resort management business, we enter into purchase commitments on behalf of owners’ associations to manage the daily operating needs of our resorts. Since we are reimbursed for these commitments from the cash flows of the resorts, these obligations have minimal impact on our net income and cash flow. These purchase commitments are excluded from the table above.

Leases That Have Not Yet Commenced

During 2020, we entered into a finance lease arrangement, that was amended in 2021, for our new global headquarters office building in Orlando, Florida. The new global headquarters office building is expected to be substantially complete in the first half of 2023, at which time the lease term will commence and a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability will be recorded on our balance sheet. Total payments for the initial lease term (approximately 16 years) plus, at our option, two five-year renewal terms, is $249 million. Also see Footnote 14 “Leases” to our Financial Statements.

Supplemental Guarantor Information

The 2028 Notes are guaranteed by MVWC, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. (“MORI”), and certain other subsidiaries whose voting securities are wholly owned directly or indirectly by MORI (such subsidiaries collectively, the “Senior Notes Guarantors”). These guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees of the Senior Notes Guarantors are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions.

The following tables present consolidating financial information as of December 31, 2022, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, for MVWC and MORI on a stand-alone basis (collectively, the “Issuers”), the Senior Notes Guarantors, the combined non-guarantor subsidiaries of MVWC, and MVW on a consolidated basis.

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

As of December 31, 2022
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Cash and cash equivalents$150$119$89$166$$524
Restricted cash25145160330
Accounts and contracts receivable, net1012011673(27)292
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net1321951,8712,198
Inventory20437581660
Property and equipment, net2026592781,139
Goodwill3,1173,117
Intangibles, net88031911
Investments in subsidiaries3,4174,076(7,493)
Other10612922878(73)468
Total assets$3,683$5,007$5,804$2,738$(7,593)$9,639
Accounts payable$60$45$166$85$$356
Advance deposits637916158
Accrued liabilities275193121(22)369
Deferred revenue9169172(6)344
Payroll and benefits liability1398626251
Deferred compensation liability110272139
Securitized debt, net1,961(23)1,938
Debt, net1,1251,87676113,088
Other114818167
Deferred taxes89291(49)331
MVW shareholders' equity2,4962,6004,569324(7,493)2,496
Noncontrolling interests22
Total liabilities and equity$3,683$5,007$5,804$2,738$(7,593)$9,639

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income

2022
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Revenues$$887$2,822$979$(32)$4,656
Expenses(22)(1,066)(2,265)(753)32(4,074)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes(5)45(139)(92)(191)
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries418534(952)
Net income (loss)391400418134(952)391
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders$391$400$418$134$(952)$391

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for information regarding accounting standards adopted in 2022 and other new accounting standards that were issued but not effective as of December 31, 2022.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires assumptions to be made that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made; and (2) changes in the estimate, or different estimates that could have been selected, could have a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly. Additionally, changes in our assumptions, estimates or assessments as a result of unforeseen events or otherwise could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our critical accounting policies and estimates, which are as follows:

•Revenue recognition, including how we recognize revenue under ASC Topic 606 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” for the sale of vacation ownership products, including our estimates of variable consideration. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenue. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information on our assessments of our originated vacation ownership notes receivable reserve.

•Purchase price allocations of business combinations, which is also discussed in Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements. Determining the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of a business acquisition requires management to make significant judgements and estimates. On April 1, 2021, we acquired Welk (see Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for further information).

•Inventories and cost of vacation ownership products, which requires estimation of future revenues and product costs to apply a relative sales value method specific to the vacation ownership industry and how we evaluate the fair value of our vacation ownership inventory.

•Valuation of goodwill and other intangible assets, including how we determine the fair value of goodwill and our other intangible assets and reporting units, and how we determine when an impairment loss should be recorded. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test and did not record any impairment charges. The estimated fair values of our reporting units exceeded their carrying amounts at the date of their most recent estimated fair value determination. During 2022, we evaluated our other intangible assets for impairment and did not record any impairment charges.

•Accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, where estimates of future cash flows are based largely on the customer class and the results of our static pool analysis. In addition, the valuation of acquired vacation ownership notes receivable includes a material estimate of the fair value of the underlying collateral which would be retained in the event of customer default. See further discussion included in Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements.

•Loss contingencies, including information on how we account for loss contingencies. Accruals for contingent liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, or an asset impaired, and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities accrued for legal matters require judgments regarding projected outcomes and range of loss based on historical litigation and settlement experience, recommendations of legal counsel and, if applicable, other experts.

•Income taxes, including the accounting related to uncertain tax positions and the determination of valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets. The recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions involves consideration of the amounts and probabilities of various outcomes that could be realized upon ultimate resolution. Tax valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets, such as tax loss carryforwards, to net realizable value. Factors considered in estimating net realizable value include historical results by tax jurisdiction, carryforward periods, income tax strategies and forecasted taxable income.

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FY 2021 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001524358-22-000013.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2022-03-01. Report date: 2021-12-31.

Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition together with our audited historical consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that we have included elsewhere in this Annual Report, as well as the discussion in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Business.” This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on our current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those we discuss in the sections of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note About Forward-Looking Statements.”

Our consolidated financial statements, which we discuss below, reflect our historical financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The financial information discussed below and included in this Annual Report may not, however, necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.

Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2021 to fiscal year 2020 is included herein. Our discussion and analysis of fiscal year 2020 to fiscal year 2019 has been omitted from this Form 10-K and can be found in Part II, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2021.

Business Overview

We are a leading global vacation company that offers vacation ownership, exchange, rental, and resort and property management, along with related businesses, products and services. Our business operates in two reportable segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management.

Corporate and other represents that portion of our results that are not allocable to our segments, including those relating to Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

COVID-19 Pandemic Update

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions in international and U.S. economies and markets, and has also had an unprecedented impact on the travel industry and the Company. For further information about COVID-19’s impact on our business, see Part I, Item 1, “Business.”

Significant Accounting Policies Used in Describing Results of Operations

Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

We recognize revenues from the sale of VOIs when control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer and the transaction price is deemed collectible. Based upon the different terms of the contracts with the customer and business practices, control of the vacation ownership product is transferred to the customer at closing for Marriott- and Welk-branded transactions and upon expiration of the statutory rescission period for Sheraton-, Westin- and Hyatt-branded transactions. Sales of vacation ownership products may be made for cash or we may provide financing. In addition, we recognize settlement fees associated with the transfer of vacation ownership products and commission revenues from sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third parties, which we refer to as “resales revenue.”

We also provide sales incentives to certain purchasers. These sales incentives typically include Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points or an alternative sales incentive that we refer to as “plus points.” These plus points are redeemable for stays at our resorts or for use in other third-party offerings, generally up to two years from the date of issuance. Typically, sales incentives are only awarded if the sale is closed.

Finally, as more fully described in “Financing” below, we record the difference between the vacation ownership note receivable and the consideration to which we expect to be entitled (also known as a vacation ownership notes receivable reserve or a sales reserve) as a reduction of revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products at the time we recognize revenues from a sale.

We report, on a supplemental basis, contract sales for our Vacation Ownership segment. Contract sales consist of the total amount of vacation ownership product sales under contract signed during the period where we have generally received a down payment of at least ten percent of the contract price, reduced by actual rescissions during the period, inclusive of contracts associated with sales of vacation ownership products on behalf of third-parties, which we refer to as “resales contract sales.” In circumstances where a customer applies any or all of their existing ownership interests as part of the purchase price for additional interests, we include only the incremental value purchased as contract sales. Contract sales differ from revenues from

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the sale of vacation ownership products that we report on our income statements due to the requirements for revenue recognition described above. We consider contract sales to be an important operating measure because it reflects the pace of sales in our business.

Cost of vacation ownership products includes costs to develop and construct our projects (also known as real estate inventory costs), other non-capitalizable costs associated with the overall project development process and settlement expenses associated with the closing process. For each project, we expense real estate inventory costs in the same proportion as the revenue recognized. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our income statements to true-up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, can have a positive or negative impact on our income statements.

We refer to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products less the cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs as Development profit. Development profit margin is calculated by dividing Development profit by revenues from the Sale of vacation ownership products. We previously used the term Development margin to refer to revenues from the Sale of vacation ownership products less the Cost of vacation ownership products and marketing and sales costs. In the first quarter of 2021, we began to refer to this financial measure as Development profit. While the calculation remains unchanged, we believe the revised term better depicts the financial results being presented.

Management and Exchange

Our management and exchange revenues include revenues generated from fees we earn for managing each of our vacation ownership resorts, providing property management, owners’ association management and related services to third-party vacation ownership resorts and fees we earn for providing rental services and related hotel, condominium resort, and owners’ association management services to vacation property owners.

In addition, we earn revenue from ancillary offerings, including food and beverage outlets, golf courses and other retail and service outlets located at our Vacation Ownership resorts. We also receive annual membership fees, club dues and certain transaction-based fees from members, owners and other third parties.

Management and exchange expenses include costs to operate the food and beverage outlets and other ancillary operations and to provide overall customer support services, including reservations, and certain transaction-based expenses relating to external exchange service providers.

In our Vacation Ownership segment and Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we refer to these activities as “Resort Management and Other Services.”

Financing

We offer financing to qualified customers for the purchase of most types of our vacation ownership products. The average FICO score of customers who were U.S. citizens or residents who financed a vacation ownership purchase was as follows:

Fiscal Years
202120202019
Average FICO score732730736

The typical financing agreement provides for monthly payments of principal and interest with the principal balance of the loan fully amortizing over the term of the related vacation ownership note receivable, which is generally ten to fifteen years. Included within our vacation ownership notes receivable are originated vacation ownership notes receivable and vacation ownership notes receivable acquired in connection with the ILG Acquisition and the Welk Acquisition.

The interest income earned from our vacation ownership financing arrangements is earned on an accrual basis on the principal balance outstanding over the contractual life of the arrangement and is recorded as Financing revenues on our Income Statements. Financing revenues also include fees earned from servicing the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio. The amount of interest income earned in a period depends on the amount of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, which is impacted positively by the origination of new vacation ownership notes receivable and negatively by principal collections. We calculate financing propensity as contract sales volume of financed contracts originated in the period divided by contract sales volume of all contracts originated in the period. We do not include resales contract sales in the financing propensity calculation. Financing propensity was 53% in 2021 and 51% in 2020. We expect to continue offering financing incentive programs in 2022. We also plan to shift back to our pre-pandemic increased focus on sales to first-time buyers, who are more likely to finance their purchases, which should further increase propensity and increase interest income as new originations of vacation ownership notes receivable outpace the decline in principal of existing vacation ownership notes receivable.

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Acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are accounted for using the purchased credit deteriorated assets provision of the current expected credit loss model. The estimates of the reserve for credit losses on the acquired vacation ownership notes receivable are based on default rates that are an output of our static pool analyses. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information regarding the accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable.

In the event of a default, we generally have the right to foreclose on or revoke the underlying VOI. We return VOIs that we reacquire through foreclosure or revocation back to inventory. As discussed above, for originated vacation ownership notes receivable, we record a reserve at the time of sale and classify the reserve as a reduction to revenues from the sale of vacation ownership products on our Income Statements. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenues. In contrast, for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, we record changes to the reserve as an adjustment to Financing expenses on our Income Statements.

Historical default rates, which represent defaults as a percentage of each year’s beginning gross vacation ownership notes receivable balance, were as follows:

Fiscal Years
202120202019
Historical default rates4.3%6.3%4.5%

The increased default rates in 2020 were predominantly due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of our notes receivable portfolio. The decrease in default rates in 2021 reflects the performance of our notes receivable portfolio back to pre-pandemic levels.

Financing expenses include consumer financing interest expense, which represents interest expense associated with the securitization of our vacation ownership notes receivable, costs to support the financing, servicing and securitization processes and changes in expected credit losses related to acquired vacation ownership notes receivable. We distinguish consumer financing interest expense from all other interest expense because the debt associated with the consumer financing interest expense is secured by vacation ownership notes receivable that have been sold to bankruptcy remote special purpose entities and is generally non-recourse to us.

Rental

In our Vacation Ownership segment, we operate a rental business to provide owner flexibility and to help mitigate carrying costs associated with our inventory. We generate revenue from rentals of inventory that we hold for sale as interests in our vacation ownership programs, inventory that we control because our owners have elected alternative usage options permitted under our vacation ownership programs and rentals of owned hotel properties. We also recognize rental revenue from the utilization of plus points under our points-based products when the points are redeemed for rental stays at one of our resorts or other third-party offerings. We obtain rental inventory from unsold inventory and inventory we control because owners have elected alternative usage options offered through our vacation ownership programs. For rental revenues associated with vacation ownership products which we own and which are registered and held for sale, to the extent that the revenues from rental are less than costs, revenues are reported net in accordance with ASC Topic 978, “Real Estate - Time-Sharing Activities” (“ASC 978”). The rental activity associated with discounted vacation packages requiring a tour (“preview stays”) is not included in transient rental metrics, and because the majority of these preview stays are sourced directly or indirectly from unsold inventory, the associated revenues and expenses are reported net in Marketing and sales expense.

In our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment, we offer vacation rental opportunities at managed properties through VRI, TPI, and Aqua-Aston. We also offer vacation rental offers known as Getaways to members of the Interval International network and certain other membership programs. The offering of Getaways allows us to monetize excess availability of resort accommodations within the applicable exchange network, as well as provide additional vacation opportunities to members. Resort accommodations available as Getaways typically result from seasonal oversupply or underutilized space in the applicable exchange program, as well as resort accommodations specifically sourced for the Getaways program.

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Rental expenses include:

•Maintenance and other fees on unsold inventory;

•Costs to provide alternative usage options, including Marriott Bonvoy points, World of Hyatt points, and offerings available as part of third-party offerings, for owners who elect to exchange their inventory;

•Marketing costs and direct operating and related expenses in connection with the rental business (such as housekeeping, labor costs, credit card expenses and reservation services); and

•Costs to secure resort accommodations for use in Getaways.

Rental metrics, including the average daily transient rate or the number of transient keys rented, may not be comparable between periods given fluctuation in available occupancy by location, unit size (such as two bedroom, one bedroom or studio unit), owner use and exchange behavior. In addition, rental metrics may not correlate with rental revenues due to the requirement to report certain rental revenues net of rental expenses in accordance with ASC 978 (as discussed above). Further, as our ability to rent certain luxury and other inventory is often limited on a site-by-site basis, rental operations may not generate adequate rental revenues to cover associated costs. Our Vacation Ownership segment units are either “full villas” or “lock-off” villas. Lock-off villas are units that can be separated into a master unit and a guest room. Full villas are “non-lock-off” villas because they cannot be separated. A “key” is the lowest increment for reporting occupancy statistics based upon the mix of non-lock-off and lock-off villas. Lock-off villas represent two keys and non-lock-off villas represent one key. The “transient keys” metric represents the blended mix of inventory available for rent and includes all of the combined inventory configurations available in our resort system.

Cost Reimbursements

Cost reimbursements include direct and indirect costs that are reimbursed to us by customers under management contracts. All costs reimbursed to us by customers, with the exception of taxes assessed by a governmental authority, are reported on a gross basis. We recognize cost reimbursements when we incur the related reimbursable costs. Cost reimbursements consist of actual expenses with no added margin.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of all interest expense other than consumer financing interest expense, which is included within Financing expense.

Transaction and Integration Costs

Transaction and integration costs represent costs related to the ILG and Welk Acquisitions, primarily for financial advisory, legal, and other professional service fees, as well as certain tax related accruals. Transaction and integration costs also include charges for employee retention, severance and other termination related benefits, fees paid to change management consultants and technology-related costs related to the integration of ILG and Welk.

Other Items

We measure operating performance using the following key metrics:

•Contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products;

•Total contract sales include contract sales from the sale of vacation ownership products including joint ventures, and

•Consolidated contract sales exclude contracts sales from the sale of vacation ownership products for non-consolidated joint ventures

•Development profit margin;

•Volume per guest (“VPG”), which we calculate by dividing consolidated vacation ownership contract sales, excluding fractional sales, telesales, resales, joint venture sales and other sales that are not attributed to a tour at a sales location, by the number of tours at sales locations in a given period (which we refer to as “tour flow”). We believe that this operating metric is valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of the sales process as it combines the impact of average contract price with the number of touring guests who make a purchase;

•Total active members, which is the number of Interval International network active members at the end of the applicable period;

•Average revenue per member, which we calculate by dividing membership fee revenue, transaction revenue and other member revenue for the Interval International network by the monthly weighted average number of Interval International network active members during the applicable period; and

•NM = Not meaningful.

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CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,153$546$1,354
Management and exchange855755949
Rental486276573
Financing268267275
Cost reimbursements1,1281,0421,108
TOTAL REVENUES3,8902,8864,259
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products250150349
Marketing and sales617386748
Management and exchange521475547
Rental344321357
Financing8810791
General and administrative227154248
Depreciation and amortization146123141
Litigation charges1067
Restructuring25
Royalty fee10695106
Impairment310099
Cost reimbursements1,1281,0421,108
TOTAL EXPENSES3,4402,9843,801
(Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net(51)(26)16
Interest expense(164)(150)(132)
Transaction and integration costs(110)(66)(118)
Other21
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS127(340)225
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes(74)84(83)
NET INCOME (LOSS)53(256)142
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4)(19)(4)
NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$49$(275)$138

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Operating Statistics

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
(Contract sales $ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Vacation Ownership
Total contract sales$1,411$669$1,569$742111%$(900)(57%)
Consolidated contract sales$1,374$654$1,524$720110%$(870)(57%)
Exchange & Third-Party Management
Total active members at end of period (000's)(1)1,2961,5181,670(222)(15%)(152)(9%)
Average revenue per member(1)$179.48$144.97$168.73$34.5124%$(23.76)(14%)

_______________

(1)Only includes members of the Interval International exchange network.

Revenues

The following table presents our revenues for 2021, 2020, and 2019.

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Vacation Ownership$3,539$2,530$3,761$1,00940%$(1,231)(33%)
Exchange & Third-Party Management320309454114%(145)(32%)
Total Segment Revenues3,8592,8394,2151,02036%(1,376)(33%)
Consolidated Property Owners' Associations314744(16)(35%)310%
Total Revenues$3,890$2,886$4,259$1,00435%$(1,373)(32%)

Earnings Before Interest Expense, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (“EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA, a financial measure that is not prescribed by GAAP, is defined as earnings, or net income or loss attributable to common shareholders, before interest expense (excluding consumer financing interest expense associated with term loan securitization transactions), income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA reflects additional adjustments for certain items described below, and excludes share-based compensation expense to address considerable variability among companies in recording compensation expense because companies use share-based payment awards differently, both in the type and quantity of awards granted. For purposes of our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculations, we do not adjust for consumer financing interest expense associated with term loan securitization transactions because we consider it to be an operating expense of our business. We consider Adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of operating performance, which we use to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures and expand our business. We also use Adjusted EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors and others, because this measure excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful as an indicator of operating performance because it allows for period-over-period comparisons of our on-going core operations before the impact of the excluded items. Adjusted EBITDA also facilitates comparison by us, analysts, investors, and others, of results from our on-going core operations before the impact of these items with results from other vacation companies.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies in our industry may calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do or may not calculate them at all, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures. The table below shows our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA calculation and reconciles these measures with Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

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Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders$49$(275)$138$324NM$(413)NM
Interest expense164150132149%1814%
Tax provision (benefit)74(84)83158NM(167)NM
Depreciation and amortization1461231412319%(18)(13%)
EBITDA433(86)494519NM(580)NM
Share-based compensation5137371439%(1%)
Certain items173284227(111)NM5725%
Adjusted EBITDA$657$235$758$422179%$(523)(69%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin24%13%24%11 pts(11 pts)

Certain items for 2021 consisted of $110 million of transaction and integration costs (including $93 million of ILG Acquisition and integration related costs, $16 million of Welk Acquisition related costs, and $1 million of other transaction costs), $51 million of losses and other expense (including $55 million related to the early redemption of our 2026 Notes (as defined below) and a portion of our 2025 Notes (as defined below), and $3 million of miscellaneous other losses and other expenses, partially offset by $7 million related to a true-up to a Marriott International indemnification receivable upon settlement (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes line)), $10 million of litigation charges, $10 million of purchase accounting adjustments, and $3 million of impairment charges, partially offset by $8 million to eliminate the impact of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, $2 million of activity related to the accrual for health and welfare costs for furloughed associates, and $1 million of miscellaneous other adjustments.

Certain items for 2020 consisted of $100 million of impairment charges, $62 million of ILG Acquisition-related costs, $57 million of other charges (including $50 million related to the net sales reserve adjustment, $2 million related to an accrual for the health and welfare costs for furloughed associates, $4 million related to the charge for VAT penalties and interest (see offset included in indemnification below) and $1 million of other miscellaneous charges), $26 million of losses and other expense, $25 million of restructuring costs, $4 million of purchase accounting adjustments, $6 million of litigation charges, and $4 million of transaction costs related to our capital efficient inventory arrangements.

The $26 million of losses and other expense included $32 million related to a true-up to a Marriott International indemnification receivable upon settlement (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the Benefit (provision) for income taxes line), $11 million related to foreign currency translation losses, and a $5 million loss related to the disposition of a formerly consolidated subsidiary, partially offset by $6 million of gains and other income related to the disposition of excess land parcels in Orlando, Florida and Steamboat Springs, Colorado, a $6 million receivable related to indemnification from Marriott International for certain VAT charges, $4 million related to net insurance proceeds from the final settlement of Legacy-MVW business interruption insurance claims arising from a prior year hurricane, $3 million related to other insurance proceeds, and $3 million of miscellaneous gains and other income.

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Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Vacation Ownership$699$229$794$470204%$(565)(71%)
Exchange & Third-Party Management1441191832523%(64)(36%)
Segment Adjusted EBITDA843348977495143%(629)(64%)
General and administrative(186)(118)(222)(68)(58%)10447%
Consolidated Property Owners' Associations53(5)(100%)2130%
Adjusted EBITDA$657$235$758$422179%$(523)(69%)

The following tables present Adjusted EBITDA for our reportable segments reconciled to segment financial results.

Vacation Ownership

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$699$229$794$470204%$(565)(71%)
Depreciation and amortization(89)(79)(68)(10)(13%)(11)(15%)
Share-based compensation(6)(6)(8)3%229%
Certain items(19)(73)(95)5473%2222%
Segment financial results$585$71$623$514NM$(552)(89%)

Certain items in the Vacation Ownership segment for the 2021 consisted primarily of $10 million of purchase accounting adjustments and $9 million of litigation charges.

Certain items in the Vacation Ownership segment for 2020 consisted of $50 million related to the net sales reserve adjustment, $15 million of restructuring costs, $8 million of asset impairment charges, $6 million of litigation charges, $3 million of unfavorable purchase accounting adjustments, and $3 million of transaction costs associated with capital efficient inventory arrangements, partially offset by $12 million of gains and other income.

Exchange & Third-Party Management

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Segment Adjusted EBITDA$144$119$183$2523%$(64)(36%)
Depreciation and amortization(48)(32)(47)(16)(51%)1532%
Share-based compensation(2)(2)(3)3%133%
Certain items(1)(99)(4)9899%(95)NM
Segment financial results$93$(14)$129$107NM$(143)NM

Certain items in the Exchange & Third-Party Management segment for 2020 consisted of $92 million of asset impairment charges, $4 million of restructuring costs, $2 million of miscellaneous losses and other expense, and $1 million of unfavorable purchase accounting adjustments.

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BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Our business is grouped into two reportable business segments: Vacation Ownership and Exchange & Third-Party Management. See Footnote 20 “Business Segments” to our Financial Statements for further information on our segments.

VACATION OWNERSHIP

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
REVENUES
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,153$546$1,354
Resort management and other services470356488
Rental446239512
Financing268265271
Cost reimbursements1,2021,1241,136
TOTAL REVENUES3,5392,5303,761
EXPENSES
Cost of vacation ownership products250150349
Marketing and sales617386695
Resort management and other services200136229
Rental394363390
Financing8810689
Depreciation and amortization897968
Litigation charges966
Restructuring15
Royalty fee10695106
Impairment899
Cost reimbursements1,2021,1241,136
TOTAL EXPENSES2,9552,4683,167
Gains and other income, net11228
Transaction and integration costs(2)(3)
Other21
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$585$71$623

Contract Sales

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Total consolidated contract sales1,3746541,524720110%(870)(57%)
Joint venture contract sales37154522155%(30)(68%)
Total contract sales$1,411$669$1,569$742111%$(900)(57%)

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Sale of Vacation Ownership Products

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Total contract sales$1,411$669$1,569$742111%$(900)(57%)
Less resales contract sales(26)(12)(30)(14)18
Less joint venture contract sales(37)(15)(45)(22)30
Consolidated contract sales, net of resales1,3486421,494706(852)
Plus:
Settlement revenue28142414(10)
Resales revenue127145(7)
Revenue recognition adjustments:
Reportability(44)58(8)(102)66
Sales reserve(101)(129)(112)28(17)
Other(1)(90)(46)(58)(44)12
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,153$546$1,354$607111%$(808)(60%)

_______________

(1)Adjustment for sales incentives that will not be recognized as Sale of vacation ownership products revenue and other adjustments to Sale of vacation ownership products revenue.

2021 Compared to 2020

Sale of vacation ownership products increased $607 million due primarily to $706 million of higher consolidated contract sales volumes, net of resales, $28 million of lower sales reserve activity, $14 million of higher settlement revenue, and $5 million of higher resales activity, partially offset by a $102 million unfavorable change in revenue reportability and $44 million of higher sales incentives issued (higher settlement revenue and higher sales incentives issued were driven by the higher contract sales volumes year-over-year).

The higher contract sales performance reflects the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which commenced late in the prior year first quarter and resulted in the closure of all of our sales centers, as well as the inclusion of the Welk business beginning in the second quarter of 2021. As a result of reopening our sales centers throughout 2020 and 2021, as well as the Welk Acquisition, our contract sales volumes have improved on a sequential basis each quarter and we expect that sequential improvement to continue in 2022.

The lower sales reserve reflects the prior year increase to the sales reserve to take into account higher expected default activity as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Revenue reportability was significantly negative in 2021. While we benefited from contract sales in the fourth quarter of 2020 that we recognized as revenue in 2021, given the increasing contract sales volumes throughout 2021 due to the reopening of our sales centers and continued ramp-up of our business, we saw a higher shift of contract sales in the fourth quarter of 2021 into 2022 for revenue recognition. In contrast, revenue reportability was significantly positive in 2020 due to contract sales from late in the fourth quarter of 2019 that were recognized as revenue in 2020. However, 2020 was not impacted by a corresponding shift of revenues into 2021, given the low contract sales volumes in 2020 resulting from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Development Profit

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Sale of vacation ownership products$1,153$546$1,354$607111%$(808)(60%)
Cost of vacation ownership products(250)(150)(349)(100)(66%)19957%
Marketing and sales(617)(386)(695)(231)(60%)30945%
Development profit$286$10$310$276NM$(300)NM
Development profit margin24.8%1.8%22.9%23.0 pts(21.1 pts)

2021 Compared to 2020

Development profit increased $276 million year-over-year. The change reflected $268 million from the benefit of higher contract sales volumes and lower marketing and sales spending as a percentage of revenue, $74 million related to lower sales reserve activity, and $5 million of favorable product cost, due mainly to the sale of lower cost inventory and, to a lesser extent, favorable product cost true-up activity, partially offset by $71 million of unfavorable revenue reportability year-over-year.

Resort Management and Other Services Revenues, Expenses and Profit

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Management fee revenues$158$149$144$96%$54%
Ancillary revenues1888922499111%(135)(60%)
Other management and exchange revenue12411812065%(2)(3%)
Resort management and other services revenues47035648811432%(132)(27%)
Resort management and other services expenses(200)(136)(229)(64)(47%)9341%
Resort management and other services profit$270$220$259$5023%$(39)(15%)
Resort management and other services profit margin57.5%61.8%53.0%(4.3 pts)8.8 pts

2021 Compared to 2020

Resort management and other services revenues reflected higher ancillary revenues, including revenues from food and beverage and golf offerings, as a result of the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic starting late in the prior year first quarter, as well as higher management fees and nearly $25 million of revenues contributed by the Welk business. Resort occupancies continued to increase throughout 2021 as resorts that were closed at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic reopened.

The increase in resort management and other services profit reflected the increase in resort management and other services revenues, partially offset by higher ancillary expenses as a result of the higher ancillary revenues mentioned above and the impact from the write-off of $7 million of outstanding management fee receivables deemed uncollectible related to a capital efficient inventory arrangement.

While revenues from certain ancillary businesses continue to be adversely affected by government imposed capacity limits, we have continued to remain agile by adjusting product and service offerings and operating hours such that Resort management and other services profit remains strong. We expect that once we revert to our high-touch service model in the latter half of 2022, commensurate with the quality expected of our iconic brands, we will have a slightly lower margin associated with our ancillary businesses.

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Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Rental revenues$446$239$512$20786%$(273)(53%)
Rental expenses(394)(363)(390)(31)(9%)277%
Rental profit$52$(124)$122$176NM$(246)NM
Rental profit margin11.7%NM23.7%NMNM
Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
(transient keys in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Transient keys rented(1)1.91.12.40.870%(1.3)(53%)
Average transient key rate$245.79$219.82$228.38$25.9712%$(8.56)(4%)
Resort occupancy81.6%57.2%88.1%24.4 pts(30.9 pts)

_________________________

(1)Transient keys rented exclude those obtained through the use of plus points and preview stays.

2021 Compared to 2020

The improvement in rental profit resulted from an increase in transient keys rented and a higher average transient rate due to the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic starting late in the prior year first quarter as well as from higher plus point revenue as COVID-19-related restrictions continued to ease. These increases were partially offset by higher inventory carrying costs (due to low sales volumes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the acquisition of new inventory in 2021, and higher utilization of third-party vacation offerings for owners who elect to exchange their inventory).

As the majority of the governmental restrictions in response to the pandemic that caused rental activity to decline, such as travel restrictions and quarantine requirements, have been lifted, we expect rental occupancies and revenues to continue to increase in 2022.

Financing Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Financing revenues$268$265$271$31%$(6)(2%)
Financing expenses(38)(48)(34)1021%(14)(45%)
Consumer financing interest expense(50)(58)(55)814%(3)(5%)
Financing profit$180$159$182$2113%$(23)(13%)
Financing profit margin67.1%59.8%67.3%7.3 pts(7.5 pts)
Financing propensity53%51%63%2 pts(12 pts)

2021 Compared to 2020

The Welk business increased our revenues by nearly $31 million in 2021. Excluding the impact of the Welk business, financing revenues decreased due to a $245 million decrease in the average net vacation ownership notes receivable balance. This balance decreased as a result of the continued pay-down of the existing vacation ownership notes receivable portfolio without a corresponding increase from new loan originations. As contract sales volumes and new loan originations continue to grow in 2022, we expect that this growth should begin to more than offset the normal decline as a result of loan payment activity, which would cause interest income to increase. Financing expenses decreased due to $14 million of higher credit losses associated with acquired vacation ownership notes receivable in the prior year, offset partially by $2 million of costs associated with the Welk business as well as $2 million of higher credit card fees. Lower consumer financing interest expense resulted from the continued pay-down of securitized debt balances, offset partially by $2 million of costs from the Welk business.

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Depreciation and Amortization

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Depreciation and amortization$89$79$68$1013%$1115%

2021 Compared to 2020

2021 included $8 million of depreciation and amortization expenses associated with assets acquired in the Welk Acquisition.

Litigation Charges

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Litigation charges$9$6$6$369%$(7%)

2021 Compared to 2020

In 2021, we incurred $9 million of litigation charges related primarily to projects in Europe. In 2020, we incurred $6 million of litigation charges, including approximately $4 million related to projects in Europe and approximately $1 million related to projects in California.

Restructuring

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Restructuring$$15$$(15)NM$15NM

2021 Compared to 2020

No restructuring costs were recorded in 2021. During 2020, we incurred $15 million in restructuring costs primarily related to a workforce reduction plan that we adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Royalty Fee

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Royalty fee$106$95$106$1111%$(11)(10%)

2021 Compared to 2020

Royalty fee expense increased in 2021 as a result of higher contract closings compared to the prior year.

Impairment

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Impairment$$8$99$(8)(98%)$(91)(91%)

2021 Compared to 2020

No asset impairment charges were recorded in 2021. During 2020, we recorded $8 million of non-cash impairment charges, including $6 million related to our Asia Pacific inventory as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and $2 million of impairment charges for property and equipment.

Cost Reimbursements

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Cost reimbursements$1,202$1,124$1,136$787%$(12)(1%)

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Gains and Other Income

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Gains and other income, net$1$12$28$(11)(96%)$(16)(56%)

2020

We recorded $12 million of gains and other income, including $6 million of net gains related to the disposition of excess land parcels in Orlando, Florida and Steamboat Springs, Colorado, $4 million of net insurance proceeds related to the settlement of Legacy-MVW business interruption insurance claims arising from a prior year hurricane, $1 million related to foreign currency translation and $1 million related to a miscellaneous insurance refund.

Other

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Other$2$$1$2NM$(1)NM

2021 Compared to 2020

In 2021, we incurred $2 million of transaction costs associated with our capital efficient inventory arrangements.

EXCHANGE & THIRD-PARTY MANAGEMENT

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment offers access to vacation accommodations and other travel-related transactions and services to leisure travelers by providing vacation exchange and management services, including vacation rentals and other services. We provide these services through a variety of brands including Interval International, Trading Places International, Vacation Resorts International, and Aqua-Aston.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
REVENUES
Management and exchange$233$211$298
Rental403761
Financing24
Cost reimbursements475991
TOTAL REVENUES320309454
EXPENSES
Marketing and sales53
Management and exchange131122101
Rental1128
Financing12
Depreciation and amortization483247
Restructuring14
Impairment92
Cost reimbursements475991
TOTAL EXPENSES227321322
Losses and other expense, net(2)(3)
SEGMENT FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$93$(14)$129

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Management and Exchange Profit

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Management and exchange revenue$233$211$298$2211%$(87)(29%)
Management and exchange expense(131)(122)(101)(9)(7%)(21)(21%)
Management and exchange profit$102$89$197$1317%$(108)(55%)
Management and exchange profit margin43.8%41.6%65.9%2.2 pts(24.3 pts)

2021 Compared to 2020

The increase in management and exchange revenue and profit reflected higher management fees and exchange revenue due to the continued ramp-up of the business following the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic which commenced late in the prior year first quarter. These increases were partially offset by lower membership revenue as a result of lower renewal activity, driven by a 15% decline in active members in 2021. The decline in active members was primarily due to the non-renewal of one of Interval International’s corporate customers which the Company announced in February 2021. Average exchange fee increased nearly 4% over 2020. On January 1, 2022, we added affiliations with Disney Vacation Club, Welk Resorts, and El Cid to our Interval International exchange network, which resulted in over 300,000 new members.

Rental Revenues, Expenses and Margin

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Rental revenues$40$37$61$310%$(24)(40%)
Rental expenses(11)(28)11100%1762%
Rental profit$40$26$33$1454%$(7)(22%)
Rental profit margin100.0%71.3%54.6%28.7 pts16.7 pts

2021 Compared to 2020

The increase in rental profit reflected a 39% increase in Getaway program transactions and a 9% increase in average fee, reflecting customers’ desire to travel and pent up-demand due to COVID-19-related restrictions. Late in the first quarter of 2021, we introduced Getaway rentals of less than seven nights, providing members more opportunities to use their membership in ways that better fit their lifestyles.

Depreciation and Amortization

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Depreciation and amortization$48$32$47$1650%$(15)51%

2021 Compared to 2020

The increase in depreciation and amortization expense in 2021 relates to a true-up made to accelerate depreciation on a technology asset.

Restructuring

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Restructuring$1$4$$(3)NM$4—%

2021 Compared to 2020

During 2020, we incurred $4 million in restructuring costs primarily related to a workforce reduction plan that we adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2021, we incurred $1 million of additional restructuring costs related to this plan. Given the continued ramp-up in the business, we do not currently expect any further workforce reductions.

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Impairment

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Impairment$$92$$(92)NM$92—%

2021 Compared to 2020

No asset impairment charges were recorded in 2021. In 2020, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $92 million primarily related to a decrease in the fair value of goodwill and certain trademarks resulting from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Losses and Other Expense

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Losses and other expense, net$$(2)$(3)$293%$111%

2021 Compared to 2020

No losses and other expense were recorded for 2021. We recorded $2 million of net losses and other expense in 2020, including a $5 million loss related to the disposition of a previously consolidated subsidiary, partially offset by $3 million of gains and other income from other insurance proceeds.

CORPORATE AND OTHER

Corporate and Other consists of results that are not allocable to our segments, including company-wide general and administrative costs, corporate interest expense, transaction and integration costs, and income taxes. In addition, Corporate and Other includes the revenues and expenses from the Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$152$188$163
Cost reimbursements(121)(141)(119)
TOTAL REVENUES314744
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services190217217
Rental(50)(53)(61)
General and administrative227154248
Depreciation and amortization91226
Litigation charges11
Restructuring(1)6
Impairment3
Cost reimbursements(121)(141)(119)
TOTAL EXPENSES258195312
Losses and other expense, net(52)(36)(9)
Interest expense(164)(150)(132)
Transaction and integration costs(108)(63)(118)
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS(551)(397)(527)
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes(74)84(83)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4)(19)(4)
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$(629)$(332)$(614)

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Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations

The following table illustrates the impact of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations under the relevant accounting guidance, which represents the portion related to third-party VOI owners.

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
REVENUES
Resort management and other services$152$188$163
Cost reimbursements(121)(141)(119)
TOTAL REVENUES314744
EXPENSES
Resort management and other services190217217
Rental(50)(53)(61)
Cost reimbursements(121)(141)(119)
TOTAL EXPENSES192337
Gains and other income, net(4)
FINANCIAL RESULTS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS8247
Provision for income taxes(1)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4)(19)(4)
FINANCIAL RESULTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS$3$5$3

Pursuant to a change in control of certain Consolidated Property Owners’ Associations, we recorded a non-cash loss of $1 million in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net on our Income Statement for 2021, resulting from the deconsolidation of 13 owners’ associations. We continue to act as manager for these owners’ associations pursuant to existing management contracts and retain membership interests via our ownership of vacation ownership interests.

General and Administrative

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
General and administrative$227$154$248$7348%$(94)(38%)

2021 Compared to 2020

General and administrative expenses increased $73 million due to $27 million of higher salary and wages costs as the prior year benefited from savings related to the furlough, reduced work week and workforce reduction programs implemented in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, $41 million related to higher bonus expense, and $11 million decrease in credits related to incentives under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) for companies who continued paying associates' benefit costs while they were not working as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These increases were partially offset by $4 million of lower costs as the prior year period included an accrual for health and welfare costs for furloughed associates and $2 million of lower net overall spending across the business, including technology, travel, rent, training, and other expenses.

Depreciation and Amortization

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Depreciation and amortization$9$12$26$(3)(29%)$(14)(53%)

Restructuring

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Restructuring$(1)$6$$(7)NM$6NM

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2021 Compared to 2020

During 2020, we incurred $6 million of restructuring costs related to a work-force reduction plan that we adopted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2021, we trued up this restructuring accrual based upon changes to the initial plan. Given the continued ramp-up in the business, we do not currently expect any further workforce reductions.

Impairment

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Impairment$3$$$3NM$NM

2021 Compared to 2020

During 2021, we recorded a net $3 million non-cash impairment charge related to an equity method investment. No impairment charges were recorded for 2020.

Losses and Other Expense

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Losses and other expense, net$(52)$(36)$(9)$(16)(43%)$(27)NM

2021

We recorded $52 million of net losses and other expense, including $55 million related to the early redemption of our 2026 Notes (as defined below) and a portion of our 2025 Notes (as defined below), offset partially by $7 million related to a true-up of a Marriott International indemnification receivable upon settlement (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes line).

2020

We recorded $36 million of net losses and other expense, including $32 million for the true-up to an indemnification receivable from Marriott International as a result of a settlement of an indemnified liability with a taxing authority (the true-up to the offsetting accrual is included in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes line), and $12 million related to foreign currency translation, partially offset by $6 million of other income related to an indemnification from Marriott International for VAT penalties and interest and $2 million of miscellaneous net gains and other income.

Interest Expense

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Interest expense$(164)$(150)$(132)$(14)(9%)$(18)(14%)

2021 Compared to 2020

Interest expense increased $14 million, including $24 million of higher interest expense associated with the convertible notes issued in the first quarter of 2021, $12 million of higher interest expense associated with the senior notes issued in the second quarter of 2021, and $8 million of higher expense associated with the senior notes issued in the second quarter of 2020. These increases were partially offset by a $21 million decline associated with the payoff of senior notes in the third quarter of 2021, $5 million associated with less drawn on the Warehouse Credit Facility and Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, and a $4 million decline associated with the Term Loan due to a partial pay-down in 2021.

Transaction and Integration Costs

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
Transaction and integration costs$(108)$(63)$(118)$(45)(72%)$5547%

2021 Compared to 2020

We incurred $108 million of Transaction and integration costs for 2021, including $93 million of ILG Acquisition and integration related costs and $16 million of Welk Acquisition related costs. All of the $63 million of Transaction and integration costs incurred during 2020 related to the ILG acquisition.

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Income Tax

Fiscal Years2021 vs. 20202020 vs. 2019
($ in millions)202120202019ChangeChange
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes$(74)$84$(83)$(158)(188%)$167201%

2021 Compared to 2020

The change in the (Provision for) benefit from income taxes is predominately attributable to an increase in pre-tax income and an increase in the reserve for unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal year 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Typically, our capital needs are supported by cash on hand ($342 million at the end of 2021), cash generated from operations, our ability to raise capital through securitizations in the ABS market, our ability to issue new, and refinance existing, debt, and, to the extent necessary, funds available under the Warehouse Credit Facility and the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility. We believe these sources of capital will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity requirements, finance our long-term growth plans, satisfy debt service requirements, fulfill other cash requirements and return capital to shareholders.

During 2021, we received proceeds from debt of $1,111 million, and redeemed or repaid $1,339 million of debt, which is discussed further in the “Cash from Financing Activities” section below, and also in Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements. At December 31, 2021, we had $4.7 billion of total gross debt outstanding, which included $1.9 billion of non-recourse debt associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, $1.1 billion of senior notes, $0.8 billion of convertible notes, $0.8 billion of debt under our Corporate Credit Facility, and $83 million related to finance lease obligations.

On April 1, 2021, we completed the Welk Acquisition for consideration of $405 million, including the issuance of approximately 1.4 million shares of our common stock. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Welk Acquisition.

At the end of 2021, we had $710 million of completed real estate inventory on hand. In addition, we had $460 million of completed vacation ownership units that have been classified as a component of Property and equipment until the time at which they are legally registered and available for sale as vacation ownership products.

Our vacation ownership product offerings allow us to utilize our real estate inventory efficiently. The majority of our sales are of points-based products, which permits us to sell vacation ownership products at most of our sales locations, including those where little or no site specific inventory remains available for sale. Because we no longer need specific resort-based inventory at each sales location, we need to have only a few resorts under development at any given time and can leverage successful sales locations at completed resorts. This allows us to maintain long-term sales locations and reduces the need to develop and staff on-site sales locations at smaller projects in the future. We believe our points-based programs enable us to closely align the timing of our real estate inventory acquisitions with the pace of sales of vacation ownership products.

We are selectively pursuing growth opportunities in North America and Asia Pacific by targeting high-quality inventory that allows us to add desirable new destinations to our system with new on-site sales locations through transactions that limit our up-front capital investment and allow us to purchase finished inventory closer to the time it is needed for sale. These capital efficient vacation ownership deal structures may consist of the development of new inventory, or the conversion of previously built units by third parties, just prior to sale.

Our Exchange & Third-Party Management segment includes exchange networks, membership programs and third-party property management services that were acquired as part of the ILG Acquisition. These networks, programs and services generate revenue that is generally fee-based and derived from membership, exchange and rental transactions, property and association management, and other related products and services. This segment is expected to be less capital intensive than our Vacation Ownership segment and is expected to be funded with cash generated from segment operations.

Our material cash requirements from known contractual or other obligations were $6 billion as of December 31, 2021, of which we expect $850 million to be payable within the next twelve months. These obligations primarily relate to our debt. Please see “Material Cash Requirements” below for additional information.

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The following table summarizes the changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities$343$299$382
Investing activities(213)(32)37
Financing activities(317)23(331)
Effect of change in exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(2)1(1)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash$(189)$291$87

Cash from Operating Activities

Our primary sources of funds from operations are (1) cash sales and down payments on financed sales, (2) cash from our financing operations, including principal and interest payments received on outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable, (3) cash from fee-based membership, exchange and rental transactions and (4) net cash generated from our rental and resort management and other services operations. Outflows include spending for the development of new phases of existing resorts, the acquisition of additional inventory, enhancement of our inventory exchange network of resorts and related technology infrastructure and funding our working capital needs.

We minimize our working capital needs through cash management, strict credit-granting policies and disciplined collection efforts. Our working capital needs fluctuate throughout the year given the timing of annual maintenance fees on unsold inventory we pay to owners’ associations and certain annual compensation-related outflows. In addition, our cash from operations varies due to the timing of our owners’ repayment of vacation ownership notes receivable, the closing or recording of sales contracts for vacation ownership products, financing propensity and cash outlays for inventory acquisition and development.

In 2021, we generated $343 million of cash flows from operating activities compared to $299 million in 2020. Excluding the impact of changes in net income and adjustments for non-cash items, the change in cash flows from operations increased as a result of higher operational expense accruals, higher sales and rentals deposits due to the continued ramp-up of the business, and higher collections of vacation ownership notes receivable, partially offset by higher inventory spending and severance and benefit payments.

In addition to net income (loss) and adjustments for non-cash items, the following operating activities are key drivers of our cash flow from operating activities:

Inventory Spending (In Excess of) Less Than Cost of Sales

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
Inventory spending$(153)$(98)$(228)
Purchase of vacation ownership units for future transfer to inventory(98)(61)(20)
Inventory costs212117292
Inventory spending (in excess of) less than cost of sales$(39)$(42)$44

We measure our real estate inventory capital efficiency by comparing the cash outflow for real estate inventory spending (a cash item) to the amount of real estate inventory costs charged to expense on our Income Statements related to sale of vacation ownership products (a non-cash item). Given the significant level of completed real estate inventory on hand, as well as the capital efficiency resulting from our points programs and capital efficient transactions, our spending for real estate inventory was below the amount of real estate inventory costs in 2019. In 2020 and 2021, however, while our spending for real estate inventory remained lower than pre-pandemic levels, given the slowdown in sales pace as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, inventory spending exceeded inventory costs for both years due to commitments under capital efficient inventory acquisition arrangements that were entered into prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding the acquisitions of inventory.

Through our existing vacation ownership interest repurchase program, we proactively buy back previously sold vacation ownership interests at lower costs than would be required to develop new inventory. By repurchasing inventory, we expect to be able to stabilize the future cost of vacation ownership products.

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Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable Collections (Less Than) In Excess of Originations

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — non-securitized$129$217$61
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections — securitized557403432
Vacation ownership notes receivable originations(750)(377)(817)
Vacation ownership notes receivable collections (less than) in excess of originations$(64)$243$(324)

Vacation ownership notes receivable collections include principal from non-securitized and securitized vacation ownership notes receivable. Vacation ownership notes receivable collections increased in 2021 compared to 2020 due to payment deferral programs offered in 2020 to assist owners experiencing financial hardship as a result of the the COVID-19 pandemic. Vacation ownership notes receivable originations increased due to higher sales and a moderate increase in financing propensity to 53% in 2021 from 51% in 2020.

Vacation ownership notes receivable collections increased in 2020 compared to 2019 due to a higher portfolio of outstanding vacation ownership notes receivable at the beginning of 2020. Vacation ownership notes receivable originations in 2020 decreased due to lower sales due to the COVID-19 pandemic and a lower financing propensity. Financing propensity declined to 51% in 2020 from 63% in 2019 as a result of the various sales programs that we offered to incentivize cash purchases over financed purchases during 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cash from Investing Activities

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
Acquisition of a business, net of cash and restricted cash acquired$(157)$$
Proceeds from collection of notes receivable38
Capital expenditures for property and equipment (excluding inventory)(47)(41)(46)
Purchase of company owned life insurance(14)(6)(6)
Dispositions, net31551
Other, net2
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (used in) provided by investing activities$(213)$(32)$37

Acquisition of a Business, Net of Cash and Restricted Cash Acquired

Net cash outflows of $157 million in 2021 were due to the Welk Acquisition. See Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for additional information.

Proceeds from Collection of Notes Receivable

During 2019, we collected $23 million of notes receivable related to the disposition of our interest in VRI Europe during the fourth quarter of 2018. In addition, we also collected a $15 million note receivable acquired in the ILG Acquisition.

Capital Expenditures for Property and Equipment

Capital expenditures for property and equipment relate to spending for technology development, buildings and equipment used at sales locations and ancillary offerings, such as food and beverage offerings, at locations where such offerings are provided. Additionally, it includes spending related to maintenance of buildings and equipment used in common areas at some of our resorts.

Purchase of Company Owned Life Insurance

To support our ability to meet a portion of our obligations under the Marriott Vacations Worldwide Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”), we acquired company owned insurance policies on the lives of certain participants in the Deferred Compensation Plan, the proceeds of which are intended to be aligned with the investment alternatives elected by plan participants as discussed in Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements.

Dispositions, net

Dispositions of $3 million during 2021 included dispositions of excess land parcels in the Bahamas and St. Thomas, USVI. Dispositions of $15 million during 2020 related to the disposition of excess land parcels in Orlando, Florida and

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Steamboat Springs, Colorado as part of our strategic decision to reduce holdings in markets where we have excess supply. Dispositions of $51 million during 2019 related to our dispositions of excess land parcels in Cancun, Mexico and Avon, Colorado as part of our strategic decision to reduce holdings in markets where we have excess supply. See additional information on these dispositions in Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for additional information.

Cash from Financing Activities

Fiscal Years
($ in millions)202120202019
Borrowings from securitization transactions$957$690$1,026
Repayment of debt related to securitization transactions(868)(960)(880)
Proceeds from debt1,1111,166935
Repayments of debt(1,339)(705)(820)
Finance lease payment(5)(11)(12)
Purchase of convertible note hedges(100)
Proceeds from issuance of warrants70
Payment of debt issuance costs(22)(14)(20)
Repurchase of common stock(78)(82)(465)
Payment of dividends(23)(45)(81)
Payment of withholding taxes on vesting of restricted stock units(20)(16)(15)
Other, net1
Net cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (used in) provided by financing activities$(317)$23$(331)

Borrowings from / Repayment of Debt Related to Securitization Transactions

We reflect proceeds from securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable, including draw downs on the Warehouse Credit Facility, as “Borrowings from securitization transactions.” We reflect repayments of bonds associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations and repayments on the Warehouse Credit Facility (including vacation ownership notes receivable repurchases) as “Repayment of debt related to securitization transactions.”

We account for our securitizations of vacation ownership notes receivable as secured borrowings and therefore do not recognize a gain or loss as a result of the transaction. The results of operations for the securitization entities are consolidated within our results of operations as these entities are variable interest entities for which we are the primary beneficiary.

During the second quarter of 2021, we completed the securitization of a pool of $434 million of vacation ownership notes receivable. In connection with the securitization, investors purchased in a private placement $425 million in vacation ownership loan backed notes from MVW 2021-1W LLC (the “2021-1W LLC”). Of the $425 million in proceeds from the transaction, $8 million was used to pay transaction expenses and fund required reserves, and the remainder is being used for general corporate purposes. In connection with the 2021-1W securitization, we redeemed certain remaining vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations from 2014 and 2015, as well as certain vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations acquired as part of the Welk Acquisition.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the securitization of a pool of $434 million of vacation ownership notes receivable. Approximately $376 million of the vacation ownership notes receivable were purchased by the MVW 2021-2 LLC (the “2021-2 LLC”) during the fourth quarter of 2021, and as of December 31, 2021, the 2021-2 LLC held $57 million of the proceeds, which was released as the remaining vacation ownership notes receivable were purchased subsequent to December 31, 2021. In connection with the securitization during the fourth quarter of 2021, investors purchased in a private placement $425 million in vacation ownership loan backed notes from the 2021-2 LLC. Of the $425 million in proceeds from the transaction, approximately $107 million was used to repay all outstanding amounts previously drawn under our Warehouse Credit Facility, approximately $8 million was used to pay transaction expenses and fund required reserves, and the remainder is being used for general corporate purposes.

During the fourth quarter of 2021, we securitized vacation ownership notes receivable under our Warehouse Credit Facility. The carrying amount of the vacation ownership notes receivable securitized was $126 million. The average advance rate was 85%, which resulted in total gross proceeds of $107 million. Total net proceeds were $106 million due to the funding of reserve accounts of $1 million.

As of December 31, 2021, $113 million of gross vacation ownership notes receivable were eligible for securitization.

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Proceeds from / Repayments of Debt

Borrowings from / Repayment of Corporate Credit Facility

During 2021, we repaid $100 million of the amount outstanding under the Term Loan, which is part of our Corporate Credit Facility. Additionally, during 2021, we borrowed $50 million and repaid $50 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which is also part of our Corporate Credit Facility, and had no amounts outstanding under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility as of December 31, 2021.

During 2020, we borrowed $666 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, which is part of our Corporate Credit Facility, to facilitate the funding of our short-term working capital needs and to increase our cash position and preserve financial flexibility in light of the impact on global markets resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2020, we repaid $696 million under the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility and no amounts were outstanding as of December 31, 2020. Additionally, during 2020, we repaid $9 million of the amount outstanding under the Term Loan.

During 2019, we borrowed $585 million under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility to facilitate the funding of our short-term working capital needs, of which $554 million was repaid during 2019. Also during 2019, we repaid $7 million of the amount outstanding under the Term Loan.

See Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements for additional information regarding our Corporate Credit Facility.

Proceeds from / Repayments of Senior Notes

The following activity related to our senior notes occurred during 2021, as further discussed in Footnote 16 “Debt” to our Financial Statements.

•We issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.500% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2029 (the “2029 Notes”) and used the proceeds to redeem a portion of the 2026 Notes and pay transaction expenses and fees in connection with the transaction.

•We redeemed, prior to maturity, all of the $750 million aggregate principal amount of 6.500% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2026 issued in the third quarter of 2018 (the “2026 Notes”) pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the 2026 Notes. In connection with the redemption of the 2026 Notes, we incurred charges of $36 million, including a redemption premium and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, which was recorded in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021.

•We redeemed, prior to maturity, $250 million of the $500 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 issued in the second quarter of 2020 (the “2025 Notes”) pursuant to the terms of the indenture governing the 2025 Notes. In connection with this redemption, we incurred charges of $19 million, including a redemption premium and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs, which was recorded in (Losses) gains and other (expense) income, net line on our Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2021.

During the second quarter of 2020, we issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes. After deducting offering expenses and the underwriting discount, we received net proceeds of approximately $493 million from the offering of the 2025 Notes, which we used to repay all amounts outstanding at that time on our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility.

During 2019, we issued $350 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.750% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2028 (“the 2028 Notes”). The net proceeds from the 2028 Notes were used (i) to redeem all of the outstanding 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2023 assumed in connection with the ILG Acquisition (the “IAC Notes”), (ii) to redeem all of the outstanding 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2023 offered in exchange for the IAC Notes during the third quarter of 2018 (the “Exchange Notes”), (iii) to repay a portion of the then outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, (iv) to pay transaction expenses and fees in connection with each of the foregoing and (v) for general corporate purposes.

Repayments of Non-interest Bearing Note Payable

During 2019, we paid the last installment of $31 million on a non-interest bearing note payable related to the acquisition of 112 completed vacation ownership units located on the Big Island of Hawaii in 2017.

Debt Issuance Costs

In 2021, we incurred $22 million of debt issuance costs, which included $11 million associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, $7 million associated with the issuance of senior notes, $2 million associated with an amendment of the Warehouse Credit Facility, $1 million associated with the issuance of convertible senior notes, and $1

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million associated with the amendment of a waiver (“the Waiver”) to the agreement that governs our Corporate Credit Facility, which, among other things, suspended the requirement to comply with the leverage covenant in the Revolving Corporate Credit Facility, commencing with the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020.

In 2020, we incurred $14 million of debt issuance costs, which included $7 million associated with the issuance of senior notes, $5 million associated with a vacation ownership notes receivable securitization, $1 million associated with an amendment and extension of the Warehouse Credit Facility, and $1 million related to the Waiver.

In 2019, we incurred $20 million of debt issuance costs, which included $12 million associated with vacation ownership notes receivable securitizations, $5 million associated with the issuance of senior notes, $2 million associated with an amendment and extension of the Warehouse Credit Facility, and $1 million related to the Waiver.

Repurchase of Common Stock

The following table summarizes share repurchase activity under our current share repurchase program:

($ in millions, except per share amounts)Number of Shares RepurchasedCost of Shares RepurchasedAverage Price Paid per Share
As of December 31, 202017,188,885$1,340$77.95
For the year ended December 31, 2021492,51078157.77
As of December 31, 202117,681,395$1,418$80.17

See Footnote 17 “Shareholders' Equity” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our share repurchase program, including the additional share repurchase authorization approved by our Board of Directors subsequent to the end of 2021.

Payment of Dividends to Common Shareholders

We distributed cash dividends to holders of common stock for the year ended December 31, 2021 as follows:

Declaration DateShareholder Record DateDistribution DateDividend per Share
September 10, 2021September 23, 2021October 7, 2021$0.54

On December 9, 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.54 per share that was paid subsequent to the end of 2021, on January 6, 2022, to shareholders of record as of December 23, 2021. On February 18, 2022 subsequent to the end of 2021, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.62 per share to be paid on March 17, 2022 to shareholders of record as of March 3, 2022.

We currently expect to pay quarterly dividends in the future, but any future dividend payments will be subject to Board approval, which will depend on our financial condition, results of operations and capital requirements, as well as applicable law, regulatory constraints, industry practice and other business considerations that our Board of Directors considers relevant. In addition, our Corporate Credit Facility and the indentures governing our senior notes contain restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, and the terms of agreements governing debt that we may incur in the future may also limit or prohibit the payment of dividends. The payment of certain cash dividends may also result in an adjustment to the conversion rate of our convertible notes in a manner adverse to us. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends in the future at any particular rate or at all.

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Material Cash Requirements

The following table summarizes our future material cash requirements from known contractual or other obligations as of December 31, 2021:

Payments Due by Period
($ in millions)TotalLess Than 1 Year1 - 3 Years3 - 5 YearsMore Than 5 Years
Debt(1)$3,082$311$139$1,704$928
Securitized debt(1) (2)2,094233461444956
Purchase obligations(3)3792509237
Operating lease obligations12725433425
Finance lease obligations(4)283798259
Other long-term obligations(5)3424631
$5,999$850$750$2,230$2,169

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(1)Includes principal as well as interest payments and excludes unamortized debt discount and issuance costs.

(2)Payments based on estimated timing of cash flow associated with securitized notes receivable.

(3)Arrangements are considered purchase obligations if a contract specifies all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, a pricing structure, and approximate timing of the transaction. Amounts reflected herein represent expected funding under such contracts. Amounts reflected on the consolidated balance sheet as accounts payable and accrued liabilities are excluded from the table above.

(4)Includes interest.

(5)Primarily relates to future guaranteed purchases of rental inventory, operational support services, marketing related benefits, membership fulfillment benefits and other commitments.

In the normal course of our resort management business, we enter into purchase commitments on behalf of owners’ associations to manage the daily operating needs of our resorts. Since we are reimbursed for these commitments from the cash flows of the resorts, these obligations have minimal impact on our net income and cash flow.

Leases That Have Not Yet Commenced

During the first quarter of 2020, we entered into a finance lease arrangement, that was amended in 2021, for a new corporate office building in Orlando, Florida. The new Orlando corporate office building is currently expected to be completed in 2023, at which time the lease term will commence and a right-of-use asset and corresponding liability will be recorded on our balance sheet. The initial lease term is approximately 16 years with total lease payments of $137 million for the aforementioned period. See Footnote 14 “Leases” to our Financial Statements for additional information on this lease, including additional arrangements made as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Supplemental Guarantor Information

The 2028 Notes are guaranteed by MVWC, Marriott Ownership Resorts, Inc. (“MORI”), and certain other subsidiaries whose voting securities are wholly owned directly or indirectly by MORI (such subsidiaries collectively, the “Senior Notes Guarantors”). These guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees of the Senior Notes Guarantors are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions.

The following tables present consolidating financial information as of December 31, 2021, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, for MVWC and MORI on a stand-alone basis (collectively, the “Issuers”), the Senior Notes Guarantors, the combined non-guarantor subsidiaries of MVW, and MVW on a consolidated basis.

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

As of December 31, 2021
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Cash and cash equivalents$$126$77$139$$342
Restricted cash1894349461
Accounts receivable, net1449172119(75)279
Vacation ownership notes receivable, net1272031,7152,045
Inventory24438194719
Property and equipment, net2006442921,136
Goodwill2,8413093,150
Intangibles, net840153993
Investments in subsidiaries3,6454,371(8,016)
Other76108211107(14)488
Total assets$3,735$5,243$5,463$3,277$(8,105)$9,613
Accounts payable$63$22$121$59$$265
Advance deposits697021160
Accrued liabilities12151145114(77)345
Deferred revenue11151291453
Payroll and benefits liability1027227201
Deferred compensation liability114253142
Securitized debt, net1,877(21)1,856
Debt, net6841,8707612,631
Other1917233224
Deferred taxes912509350
MVW shareholders' equity2,9762,7944,381841(8,016)2,976
Noncontrolling interests1010
Total liabilities and equity$3,735$5,243$5,463$3,277$(8,105)$9,613

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income

2021
IssuersSenior Notes GuarantorsNon-Guarantor SubsidiariesTotal EliminationsMVW Consolidated
($ in millions)MVWCMORI
Revenues$$673$2,435$881$(99)$3,890
Expenses(37)(925)(2,172)(728)99(3,763)
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes1270(99)(57)(74)
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiaries74251(325)
Net income (loss)496916496(325)53
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests(4)(4)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders$49$69$164$92$(325)$49

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for information regarding accounting standards adopted in 2021 and other new accounting standards that were issued but not effective as of December 31, 2021.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires assumptions to be made that are uncertain at the time the estimate is made; and (2) changes in the estimate, or different estimates that could have been selected, could have a material effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

While we believe that our estimates, assumptions, and judgments are reasonable, they are based on information presently available. Actual results may differ significantly. Additionally, changes in our assumptions, estimates or assessments as a result of unforeseen events or otherwise could have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

See Footnote 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our Financial Statements for further information related to our critical accounting policies and estimates, which are as follows:

•Revenue recognition, including how we recognize revenue under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”) for the sale of vacation ownership products, including our estimates of variable consideration. Our estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on the customer class and the results of our static pool analyses, which rely on historical payment data by customer class. Revisions to estimates of variable consideration from the sale of vacation ownership products impact the reserve on originated vacation ownership notes receivable and can increase or decrease revenue. Revenues were reduced during 2021 by $9 million due to changes in our estimates of variable consideration for performance obligations that were satisfied in prior periods. See Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements for further information on our assessments of our vacation ownership notes receivable reserve, including factors attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic.

•Purchase price allocations of business combinations, which is also discussed in Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of a business acquisition are generally recorded at their fair value at the date of acquisition. The excess of purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Determining fair value of identifiable assets, particularly intangibles, requires management to make estimates, which are based on all available information and in some cases assumptions with respect to the timing and amount of future revenues and expenses associated with an asset. On April 1, 2021, we acquired Welk (see Footnote 3 “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Financial Statements for further information).

•Inventories and cost of vacation ownership products, which requires estimation of future revenues, including incremental revenues from future price increases or from the sale of reacquired inventory resulting from defaulted vacation ownership notes receivable, and development costs to apply a relative sales value method specific to the vacation ownership industry and how we evaluate the fair value of our vacation ownership inventory. For each vacation ownership product, we expense real estate inventory costs in the same proportion as we recognize the revenue. Consistent with the applicable accounting guidance, to the extent there is a change in the estimated sales revenues or inventory costs for the project in a period, a non-cash adjustment is recorded on our income statements to true-up costs in that period to those that would have been recorded historically if the revised estimates had been used. These true-ups, which we refer to as product cost true-up activity, can have a positive or negative impact on our income statements. During 2021, we recorded a change in estimate of $5 million as an increase to development profit.

•Valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, including how we evaluate the fair value of intangible assets and reporting units, and when we record an impairment loss on intangible assets or goodwill. During the 2021 fourth quarter, we conducted our annual goodwill impairment test and no impairment charges were recorded. The estimated fair values of all our reporting units significantly exceeded their carrying values at the date of their most recent estimated fair value determination. During 2021, we evaluated our intangibles for impairment and did not record any impairment charges.

•Accounting for acquired vacation ownership notes receivable, where estimates of future cash flows are based largely on the customer class and the results of our static pool analysis. In addition, the valuation of acquired vacation ownership notes receivable includes a material estimate of the fair value of the underlying collateral which would be retained in the event of customer default. See further discussion included in Footnote 6 “Vacation Ownership Notes Receivable” to our Financial Statements.

•Loss contingencies, including information on how we account for loss contingencies. Accruals for contingent liabilities are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred, or an asset impaired, and the amount

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of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities accrued for legal matters require judgments regarding projected outcomes and range of loss based on historical litigation and settlement experience, recommendations of legal counsel and, if applicable, other experts. We utilize in-house legal experts to develop estimates of our legal obligations. These estimates are supplemented, as needed, by third-party specialists to analyze our most complex contingent liabilities.

•Income taxes, including information on how we determine our current year amounts payable or refundable, as well as our estimate of deferred tax assets and liabilities. We record our global tax provision based on the respective tax rules and regulations for the jurisdictions in which we operate. Where we believe that a tax position is supportable for income tax purposes, the item is included in our income tax returns. The accounting guidance related to uncertain tax positions requires an evaluation process for all tax positions taken that involves a review of probability for sustaining a tax position. Where treatment of a position is uncertain, liabilities are recorded based upon our evaluation of the “more likely than not” outcome considering technical merits of the position based on specific tax regulations and facts of each matter. Changes to recorded liabilities are only made when an identifiable event occurs that changes the likely outcome, such as settlement with the relevant tax authority, the expiration of statutes of limitation for the subject tax year, change in tax laws, or recent court cases that are relevant to the matter.

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the need for and magnitude of appropriate valuation allowances against deferred tax assets. The realization of these assets is dependent on generating future taxable income, as well as successful implementation of various tax planning strategies.

We provide for income taxes on a quarterly basis based on an estimated annual tax rate. In determining this rate, we make estimates about taxable income for each of our largest locations worldwide, as well as the tax rate that will be in effect for each location. To the extent these estimates change during the year, or actual results differ from these estimates, our estimated annual tax rate may change between quarterly periods and may differ from the actual effective tax rate for the year. While we believe that these judgments and estimates are appropriate and reasonable under the circumstances, actual resolution of these matters may differ from recorded estimated amounts.

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