Western New England Bancorp, Inc. (WNEB)
SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Depository Institutions > SIC 6035 Savings Institution, Federally Chartered
SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1157647. Latest filing source: 0001999371-26-005514.
Informational only - descriptive public-record data, not investment advice.
Business
Read WNEB's verbatim Item 1 Business section from its latest 10-K: Business.
Risk Factors
Read WNEB's verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from its latest 10-K: Risk Factors.
Selected Fundamentals
| Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 118,619,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-16 |
| Net income | 15,269,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-16 |
| Assets | 2,736,480,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-16 |
Financials
Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-03-16. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001157647.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 48,598,000 | 74,039,000 | 78,990,000 | 82,116,000 | 82,875,000 | 79,849,000 | 85,928,000 | 101,118,000 | 109,832,000 | 118,619,000 |
| Net income | 4,834,000 | 12,320,000 | 16,408,000 | 13,349,000 | 11,215,000 | 23,699,000 | 25,887,000 | 15,068,000 | 11,666,000 | 15,269,000 |
| Diluted EPS | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.57 | 0.51 | 0.45 | 1.02 | 1.18 | 0.70 | 0.56 | 0.75 |
| Operating cash flow | 930,000 | 18,861,000 | 24,638,000 | 15,379,000 | 25,067,000 | 28,793,000 | 36,770,000 | 14,773,000 | 12,170,000 | 18,213,000 |
| Capital expenditures | 1,487,000 | 2,212,000 | 3,327,000 | 1,285,000 | 3,581,000 | 3,457,000 | 1,143,000 | 2,902,000 | 1,196,000 | 1,073,000 |
| Dividends paid | 2,439,000 | 3,579,000 | 4,641,000 | 5,274,000 | 5,037,000 | 4,677,000 | 5,281,000 | 6,066,000 | 5,914,000 | 5,712,000 |
| Share buybacks | 1,378,000 | 9,314,000 | 22,920,000 | 19,455,000 | 10,519,000 | 23,281,000 | 6,351,000 | 5,022,000 | 7,599,000 | 6,097,000 |
| Assets | 2,076,018,000 | 2,083,070,000 | 2,118,822,000 | 2,181,476,000 | 2,365,886,000 | 2,538,425,000 | 2,553,150,000 | 2,564,571,000 | 2,653,090,000 | 2,736,480,000 |
| Liabilities | 1,837,622,000 | 1,835,789,000 | 1,881,793,000 | 1,949,452,000 | 2,139,246,000 | 2,314,737,000 | 2,325,007,000 | 2,327,162,000 | 2,417,180,000 | 2,488,843,000 |
| Stockholders' equity | 238,396,000 | 247,281,000 | 237,029,000 | 232,024,000 | 226,640,000 | 223,688,000 | 228,143,000 | 237,409,000 | 235,910,000 | 247,637,000 |
| Free cash flow | -557,000 | 16,649,000 | 21,311,000 | 14,094,000 | 21,486,000 | 25,336,000 | 35,627,000 | 11,871,000 | 10,974,000 | 17,140,000 |
Ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net margin | 9.95% | 16.64% | 20.77% | 16.26% | 13.53% | 29.68% | 30.13% | 14.90% | 10.62% | 12.87% |
| Return on equity | 2.03% | 4.98% | 6.92% | 5.75% | 4.95% | 10.59% | 11.35% | 6.35% | 4.95% | 6.17% |
| Return on assets | 0.23% | 0.59% | 0.77% | 0.61% | 0.47% | 0.93% | 1.01% | 0.59% | 0.44% | 0.56% |
| Liabilities / equity | 7.71 | 7.42 | 7.94 | 8.40 | 9.44 | 10.35 | 10.19 | 9.80 | 10.25 | 10.05 |
Industry Peer Context
Net margin peer context
ROE peer context
ROA peer context
Financial Bridges
Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts FY 2025. Operating cash flow: accession 0001999371-26-006029; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | Capital expenditures: accession 0001999371-26-006029; concept PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | Free cash flow: accession 0001999371-26-006029; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
Financial Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: PaymentsOfDividends. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividends.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: Assets. Source concepts: us-gaap:Assets.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: Liabilities. Source concepts: us-gaap:Liabilities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: StockholdersEquity. Source concepts: us-gaap:StockholdersEquity.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001999371-26-006029; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.
Quarterly
Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-08. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001157647.json.
| Quarter | End Date | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-Q2 | 2022-06-30 | 0.25 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 | 0.28 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 | 0.24 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | 24,809,000 | 2,763,000 | 0.13 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 25,901,000 | 4,490,000 | 0.21 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 26,770,000 | 2,511,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 26,604,000 | 2,961,000 | 0.14 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-03-31 | 2,961,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 26,802,000 | 0.17 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-06-30 | 3,513,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 27,840,000 | 0.09 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 28,586,000 | 3,288,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 28,437,000 | 2,303,000 | 0.11 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-03-31 | 2,303,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 29,612,000 | 0.23 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-06-30 | 4,590,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 30,033,000 | 0.16 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 30,537,000 | 5,209,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 30,281,000 | 4,777,000 | 0.24 | reported discrete quarter |
Quarterly Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001999371-26-010347; filed 2026-05-08. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001999371-26-010347; filed 2026-05-08. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001999371-26-010347; filed 2026-05-08. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.
Macro Cross-References
- CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
- UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
- FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
- CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
- DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
- DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
- DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
- DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
- T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
- CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
- CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
- CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
- CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
- PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
- PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
- PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
- T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
- U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
- PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
- CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
- EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
- UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
- CE16OV - Employment Level
- ICSA - Initial Claims
- JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
- JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
- GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
- A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
- INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
- TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
- HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
- PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
- RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
- PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
- PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
- M2SL - M2
- BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
- MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
- HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
- RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
- TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
- RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
- TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
- GDP - Gross Domestic Product
- GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
- GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
- PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
- GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
- GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
- FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
- FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
- FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
- MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
- USCONS - All Employees, Construction
- USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
- USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
- USGOVT - All Employees, Government
- AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
- DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
- NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
- BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
- EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
- IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
- IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
- PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand
Latest quarter (10-Q)
Latest 10-Q source: 0001999371-26-010347.
ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
Overview.
We strive to remain a leader in meeting the financial
service needs of the local community and to provide quality service to the individuals and businesses in the market areas that we have
served since 1853. Historically, we have been a community-oriented provider of traditional banking products and services to business organizations
and individuals, including products such as residential and commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, consumer loans,
and a variety of deposit products. We meet the needs of our local community through a community-based and service-oriented approach to
banking.
The Company has adopted a growth-oriented strategy
that continues to focus on increasing commercial lending and residential lending. Our strategy also calls for increasing deposit relationships,
specifically core deposits, which the Company defines as all deposits except for time deposits, and broadening our product lines and services.
We believe that this business strategy is best for our long-term success and viability and complements our existing commitment to high-quality
customer service.
In connection with our overall growth strategy,
we seek to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Increase market share and achieve scale to improve the Company’s profitability, efficiency and return value to shareholders; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow the Company’s commercial loan portfolio and related commercial deposits by targeting businesses in our primary market area of Hampden and Hampshire Counties in western Massachusetts and the Capital Region in Connecticut; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow the Company’s residential real estate portfolio to diversify the Company’s loan portfolio and deepen customer relationships; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Focus on expanding our retail banking deposit franchise and increase the number of households served within our designated market area; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Invest in people, systems, and technology to grow revenue, improve efficiency and enhance the overall customer experience; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow revenues, increase book value per share and tangible book value per share (a non-GAAP financial measure), pay competitive dividends to shareholders, and utilize the Company’s stock repurchase plan to leverage our capital and enhance franchise value; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Consider growth through mergers and acquisitions. We may pursue expansion opportunities in existing or adjacent strategic locations with companies that add complementary products to our existing business and at terms that add value to our existing shareholders. |
You should read the following financial results
for the three months ended March 31, 2026 in the context of this strategy.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | The Company reported an increase in net income of $2.5 million, or 107.4%, from $2.3 million, or $0.11 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, to $4.8 million, or $0.24 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2026. Net interest income increased $3.3 million, or 21.2%, provision for credit losses decreased $67,000, or 47.2%, non-interest income increased $674,000, or 24.4%, and non-interest expense increased $824,000, or 5.4%, during the same period. |
39
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $75,000, a decrease of $67,000, or 47.2%, from $142,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in unfunded commitments. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Net interest income increased $3.3 million, or 21.2%, to $18.8 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, from $15.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase in net interest income was due to an increase in interest and dividend income of $1.8 million, or 6.5%, and a decrease in interest expense of $1.4 million, or 11.2%. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a decrease in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities of 36 basis points, from 2.82% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 to 2.46% for the three months ended March 31, 2026. |
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES.
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared
in accordance with GAAP and practices within the banking industry. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates,
assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions,
and judgments are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; accordingly, as this information changes,
the financial statements could reflect different estimates, assumptions, and judgments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Critical accounting estimates are necessary in
the application of certain accounting policies and procedures, and are particularly susceptible to significant change. Critical accounting
policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially
different results under different assumptions and conditions.
There have been no material changes to our critical
accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2026. For additional information on our critical accounting policies, please
refer to the information contained in Note 1 of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and Note 1 of the consolidated
financial statements included in our 2025 Annual Report.
COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AT MARCH
31, 2026 AND DECEMBER 31, 2025
At March 31, 2026, total assets were $2.8 billion,
an increase of $28.0 million, or 1.0%, from December 31, 2025. The increase in total assets was primarily due to an increase in total
loans of $17.2 million, or 0.8%, and an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $15.8 million, or 39.0%.
At March 31, 2026, the investment securities portfolio
totaled $359.2 million, or 13.0% of total assets, compared to $365.2 million, or 13.3% of total assets, at December 31, 2025. At March
31, 2026, the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio, recorded at fair market value, was $173.2 million, a decrease of
$2.6 million, or 1.5%, from $175.8 million at December 31, 2025. The held-to-maturity securities portfolio, recorded at amortized cost,
decreased $3.4 million, or 1.8%, from $188.8 million at December 31, 2025 to $185.4 million at March 31, 2026.
At March 31, 2026, the Company reported net unrealized
losses on the available-for-sale securities portfolio of $23.0 million, or 11.7% of the amortized cost basis of the available-for-sale
securities portfolio, compared to net unrealized losses of $22.4 million, or 11.3% of the amortized cost basis of the available-for-sale
securities at December 31, 2025. At March 31, 2026, the Company reported net unrealized losses on the held-to-maturity securities portfolio
of $30.6 million, or 16.5% of the amortized cost basis of the held-to-maturity securities portfolio, compared to $30.3 million, or 16.1%
of the amortized cost basis of the held-to-maturity securities portfolio at December 31, 2025.
The securities in which the Company may
invest are limited by regulation. Federally chartered savings banks have authority to invest in various types of assets, including
U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of various government-sponsored enterprises, mortgage-backed securities, certain certificates
of deposit of insured financial institutions, repurchase agreements, overnight and short-term loans to other banks, corporate debt
instruments, and marketable equity securities. The securities, with the exception of $11.0 million in corporate bonds, are issued by
the United States government or government-sponsored enterprises and are therefore either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed as to
the timely payment of contractual principal and interest. These positions are deemed to have no credit impairment, therefore, the
disclosed unrealized losses with the securities portfolio relate primarily to changes in prevailing interest rates. In all cases,
price improvement in future periods will be realized as the issuances approach maturity.
40
Management regularly reviews the portfolio for
securities in an unrealized loss position. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company did not record any credit impairment
charges on its securities portfolio and attributed the unrealized losses primarily due to fluctuations in general interest rates or changes
in expected prepayments and not due to credit quality. The primary objective of the Company’s investment portfolio is to provide
liquidity and to secure municipal deposit accounts while preserving the safety of principal. The available-for-sale and held-to-maturity
portfolios are both eligible for pledging to the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”)
as collateral for borrowings. The portfolios are comprised of high-credit quality investments and both portfolios generated cash flows
monthly from interest, principal amortization, and payoffs, which supports the Bank’s objective to provide liquidity.
Total loans increased $17.2 million, or 0.8%,
from $2.2 billion, or 79.7% of total assets, at December 31, 2025 to $2.2 billion, or 79.5% of total assets, at March 31, 2026. The increase
in total loans was primarily driven by an increase in residential real estate loans, including home equity loans, of $9.6 million, or
1.1%, an increase in commercial and industrial loans of $6.0 million, or 2.7%, and an increase in commercial real estate loans of $2.1
million, or 0.2%.
Total delinquency was $3.2 million, or 0.14%
of total loans, at March 31, 2026, compared to $3.1 million, or 0.14% of total loans, at December 31, 2025. At March 31, 2026, nonaccrual
loans totaled $4.7 million, or 0.21% of total loans, compared to $5.2 million, or 0.24% of total loans, at December 31, 2025. At March
31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no loans 90 or more days past-due and still accruing interest. Total nonperforming assets,
defined as nonaccrual loans and other real estate owned, totaled $4.7 million, or 0.17% of total assets, at March 31, 2026, compared
to $5.2 million, or 0.19% of total assets, at December 31, 2025. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company did not have any
other real estate owned.
At March 31, 2026, the allowance for credit losses
was $20.5 million, or 0.93% of total loans and 436.9% of nonaccrual loans, compared to $20.3 million, or 0.93% of total loans and 393.2%
of nonaccrual loans, at December 31, 2025.
At March 31, 2026, total criticized loans, defined
as special mention and substandard loans, totaled $58.7 million, or 2.7% of total loans, compared to $39.7 million, or 1.8% of total loans,
at December 31, 2025. Loans designated special mention, which are not considered classified, increased $20.5 million, from $17.1 million,
or 0.8% of total loans, at December 31, 2025 to $37.6 million, or 1.7% of total loans, at March 31, 2026. During the same period, substandard
loans decreased $1.4 million, or 6.1%, to $21.1 million, or 1.0% of total loans.
Of the $37.6 million in loans designated special
mention at March 31, 2026, $14.7 million, or 39.1%, are commercial and industrial loans, and $22.9 million, or 60.9%, are commercial real
estate loans. Of the $21.1 million in loans categorized substandard at March 31, 2026, $7.3 million, or 34.4%, are
[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]
Latest 10-K MD&A
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto,
each appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Management’s discussion focuses on 2025 results compared to
2024. For a discussion of 2024 results compared to 2023, refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K, which
was filed with the SEC on March 10, 2025.
Overview.
We
strive to remain a leader in meeting the financial service needs of the local community and to provide quality service to the
individuals and businesses in the market areas that we have served since 1853. Historically, we have been a community-oriented
provider of traditional banking products and services to business organizations and individuals, including products such as residential
and commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and a variety of deposit products. We meet the needs of our local community through
a community-based and service-oriented approach to banking.
We
have adopted a growth-oriented strategy that continues to focus on increasing commercial lending and residential lending. Our
strategy also calls for increasing deposit relationships, specifically core deposits, and broadening our product lines and services.
We believe that this business strategy is best for our long-term success and viability, and complements our existing commitment
to high quality customer service.
In
connection with our overall growth strategy, we seek to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Increase market share and achieve scale to improve the Company’s profitability and efficiency and return value to shareholders; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow the Company’s commercial loan portfolio and related commercial deposits by targeting businesses in our primary market area of Hampden County and Hampshire County in western Massachusetts and the Capital Region in Connecticut to increase the net interest margin and loan income; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Supplement the commercial portfolio by growing the residential real estate portfolio to diversify the loan portfolio and deepen customer relationships; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Focus on expanding our retail banking deposit franchise and increase the number of households served within our designated market area; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Invest in people, systems and technology to grow revenue, improve efficiency and enhance the overall customer experience; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow revenues, increase book value per share and tangible book value, pay competitive dividends to shareholders and utilize the Company’s stock repurchase plan to leverage our capital and enhance franchise value; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Consider growth through acquisitions. We may pursue expansion opportunities in existing or adjacent strategic locations with companies that add complementary products to our existing business and at terms that add value to our existing shareholders. |
You
should read the following financial results for the year ended December 31, 2025 in the context of this strategy.
58
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company reported net income of $15.3 million, or $0.75 per diluted share, compared
to $11.7 million, or $0.56 per diluted share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Net interest income increased $10.3
million, or 17.2%, provision for credit losses increased $1.0 million, non-interest income decreased $387,000, or 3.0%, and non-interest
expense increased $4.1 million, or 6.9%, during the same period in 2024.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, net interest income increased $10.3 million, or 17.2%, to $70.1 million, compared to
$59.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The increase in net interest income was due to an increase in interest
income of $8.8 million, or 8.0%, and a decrease in interest expense of $1.5 million, or 3.0%.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $335,000, compared to a reversal
of credit losses of $665,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The $1.0 million increase in the provision for
credit losses was primarily due to an increase in total loans of $113.2 million, or 5.5%.
General.
Our
consolidated results of operations depend primarily on net interest and dividend income. Net interest and dividend income is the
difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
Interest-earning assets consist primarily of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, residential real estate
loans and securities. Interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of time deposits and money market accounts, demand deposits,
savings accounts and borrowings from the FHLB. The consolidated results of operations also depend on the provision for loan losses,
non-interest income, and non-interest expense. Non-interest income includes service fees and charges, income on bank-owned life
insurance, gains (losses) on sales of mortgages, gains (losses) on non-marketable equity investments and gains (losses) on securities.
Non-interest expense includes salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expenses, data processing, advertising expense, FDIC insurance
assessment, professional fees and other general and administrative expenses.
Critical
Accounting Policies.
Our
accounting policies are disclosed in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements. Given our current business strategy and
asset/liability structure, the more critical policy is the allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses. In addition
to the informational disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, our policy on this accounting policy is
described in detail in the applicable sections of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations.” Senior management has discussed the development and selection of this accounting policy
and the related disclosures with the Audit Committee of the Board.
The
allowance for credit losses is an estimate of expected losses inherent within the Company’s existing loans held for investment
portfolio. The allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment, as reported in our consolidated balance sheet, is adjusted
by a credit loss expense, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries. Accrued
interest receivable on loans held for investment was $7.6 million at December 31, 2025 and is excluded from the estimate of credit
losses.
This
evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change. The credit
loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of loan portfolio segments, which
consist of commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans. These
segments are further disaggregated into loan classes, the level at which credit risk is monitored. For each of these pools, the
Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment
speed, curtailments, time to recovery, probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds,
curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical internal data. The quantitative component of the ACL on loans
is model-based and utilizes a forward-looking macroeconomic forecast. For commercial real estate loans, residential real estate
loans, and commercial and industrial loans, the Company uses a discounted cash flow method, incorporating probability of default
and loss given default forecasted based on statistically derived economic variable loss drivers, to estimate expected credit losses.
This process includes estimates which involve modeling loss projections attributable to existing loan balances, and considering
historical experience, current conditions, and future expectations for pools of loans over a reasonable and supportable forecast
period. The historical information either experienced by the Company or by a selection of peer banks, when appropriate, is derived
from a combination of recessionary and non-recessionary performance periods for which data is available. The expected loss estimates
for the consumer loan segment are based on historical loss rates using the WARM method.
59
Although
management believes it has established and maintained the allowance for credit losses at adequate levels for the current economic
environment and supportable forecast period, if management’s assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect due to changes
in the economic environment and related adjustments to the quantitative components of the CECL methodology, and the allowance
for credit losses is not adequate to absorb forecasted losses, our earnings and capital could be significantly and adversely affected.
Analysis
of Net Interest Income.
The
Company’s earnings are largely dependent on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on
loans and investments and the cost of funding (primarily deposits and borrowings). Net interest income expressed as a percentage
of average interest-earning assets is referred to as net interest margin. For more information regarding the Company’s use
of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
Average
Balance Sheet.
The
following table sets forth information relating to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The average
yields and costs are derived by dividing interest income or interest expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets
or interest-bearing liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. Average balances are derived from average daily balances.
The yields include fees which are considered adjustments to yields. Loan interest and yield data does not include any accrued
interest from non-accruing loans.
60
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Average Yield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | Interest | Cost | Balance | Interest | Cost | Balance | Interest | Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1)(2) | $ | 2,108,767 | $ | 105,866 | 5.02 | % | $ | 2,035,149 | $ | 99,369 | 4.88 | % | $ | 2,006,166 | $ | 91,640 | 4.57 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities(2) | 371,206 | 10,215 | 2.75 | 357,631 | 8,649 | 2.42 | 368,201 | 8,371 | 2.27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 14,907 | 690 | 4.63 | 14,669 | 687 | 4.68 | 12,425 | 558 | 4.49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments(3) | 54,770 | 2,335 | 4.26 | 33,254 | 1,598 | 4.81 | 20,459 | 1,021 | 4.99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 2,549,650 | 119,106 | 4.67 | 2,440,703 | 110,303 | 4.52 | 2,407,251 | 101,590 | 4.22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-earning assets | 156,591 | 155,056 | 155,511 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,706,241 | $ | 2,595,759 | $ | 2,562,762 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | $ | 155,831 | 1,497 | 0.96 | $ | 136,861 | 1,022 | 0.75 | $ | 142,005 | 1,041 | 0.73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 186,780 | 180 | 0.10 | 182,678 | 166 | 0.09 | 202,354 | 181 | 0.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 704,654 | 15,242 | 2.16 | 631,197 | 12,242 | 1.94 | 697,621 | 9,529 | 1.37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 693,208 | 25,593 | 3.69 | 666,917 | 28,806 | 4.32 | 524,827 | 15,898 | 3.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 1,740,473 | 42,512 | 2.44 | 1,617,653 | 42,236 | 2.61 | 1,566,807 | 26,649 | 1.70 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings and long-term debt | 119,764 | 6,010 | 5.02 | 155,560 | 7,779 | 5.00 | 135,532 | 6,560 | 4.84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | 1,860,237 | 48,522 | 2.61 | 1,773,213 | 50,015 | 2.82 | 1,702,339 | 33,209 | 1.95 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing deposits | 582,168 | 561,264 | 602,652 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-interest-bearing liabilities | 23,472 | 24,541 | 24,885 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-bearing liabilities | 605,640 | 585,805 | 627,537 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 2,465,877 | 2,359,018 | 2,329,876 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 240,364 | 236,741 | 232,886 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 2,706,241 | $ | 2,595,759 | $ | 2,562,762 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Tax-equivalent adjustment(2) | (487 | ) | (471 | ) | (472 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend income | $ | 70,097 | $ | 59,817 | $ | 67,909 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread(4) | 2.04 | % | 1.68 | % | 2.25 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis(5) | 2.06 | % | 1.70 | % | 2.27 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin(6) | 2.75 | % | 2.45 | % | 2.82 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis(7) | 2.77 | % | 2.47 | % | 2.84 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | 137.06 | % | 137.64 | % | 141.41 | % |
61
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Loans, including nonperforming loans, are net of deferred loan origination costs and unadvanced funds. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Loan and securities income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2025, 2024 and 2023. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income to agree to the amount reported on the consolidated statements of net income. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (3) | Short-term investments include federal funds sold. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (4) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (5) | Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents the difference between the tax-equivalent weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the tax-equivalent weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (6) | Net interest margin represents net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (7) | Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” |
62
Rate/Volume Analysis.
The following table shows
how changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected
our interest and dividend income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with
respect to: (1) interest income changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate); (2) interest
income changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and (3) the net change.
The changes attributable
to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due
to rate.
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2024 | Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to | Increase (Decrease) Due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (1) | $ | 3,595 | $ | 2,902 | $ | 6,497 | $ | 1,323 | $ | 6,406 | $ | 7,729 | ||||||||||||
| Investment securities (1) | 328 | 1,238 | 1,566 | (240 | ) | 518 | 278 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 11 | (8 | ) | 3 | 101 | 28 | 129 | |||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | 1,034 | (297 | ) | 737 | 639 | (62 | ) | 577 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 4,968 | 3,835 | 8,803 | 1,823 | 6,890 | 8,713 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | 142 | 333 | 475 | (39 | ) | 20 | (19 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 4 | 10 | 14 | (18 | ) | 3 | (15 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 1,425 | 1,575 | 3,000 | (907 | ) | 3,620 | 2,713 | |||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 1,136 | (4,349 | ) | (3,213 | ) | 4,304 | 8,604 | 12,908 | ||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowing and long-term debt | (1,790 | ) | 21 | (1,769 | ) | 969 | 250 | 1,219 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 917 | (2,410 | ) | (1,493 | ) | 4,309 | 12,497 | 16,806 | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in net interest and dividend income | $ | 4,051 | $ | 6,245 | $ | 10,296 | $ | (2,486 | ) | $ | (5,607 | ) | $ | (8,093 | ) |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Securities and loan income and net interest income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2025, 2024 and 2023. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest income to agree to the amount reported in the consolidated statements of net income. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” |
63
Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial
Measurements.
We believe that it is common practice in
the banking industry to present interest income and related yield information on tax-exempt loans and securities on a tax-equivalent
basis, as well as presenting tangible book value per share and that such information is useful to investors because it facilitates
comparisons among financial institutions. However, the adjustment of interest income and yields on tax-exempt loans and securities
to a tax-equivalent amount, as well as the presentation of tangible book value per share may be considered to include financial
information that is not in compliance with GAAP. A reconciliation from GAAP to non-GAAP is provided below.
| For the twelve months ended | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/31/2025 | 12/31/2024 | 12/31/2023 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Loans (no tax adjustment) | $ | 105,379 | $ | 98,898 | $ | 91,169 | ||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 487 | 471 | 471 | |||||||||
| Loans (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 105,866 | $ | 99,369 | $ | 91,640 | ||||||
| Securities (no tax adjustment) | $ | 10,215 | $ | 8,649 | $ | 8,370 | ||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | — | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Securities (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 10,215 | $ | 8,649 | $ | 8,371 | ||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 70,097 | $ | 59,817 | $ | 67,909 | ||||||
| Tax equivalent adjustment (1) | 487 | 471 | 472 | |||||||||
| Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 70,584 | $ | 60,288 | $ | 68,381 | ||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 70,097 | $ | 59,817 | $ | 67,909 | ||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Prepayment penalties | 459 | 8 | 64 | |||||||||
| Fair value hedge interest income | — | 1,398 | 1,085 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income (non-GAAP) | $ | 69,638 | $ | 58,411 | $ | 66,760 | ||||||
| Average interest-earning assets | $ | 2,549,650 | $ | 2,440,703 | $ | 2,407,251 | ||||||
| Net interest margin (no tax adjustment) | 2.75 | % | 2.45 | % | 2.82 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin, tax-equivalent | 2.77 | % | 2.47 | % | 2.84 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted net interest margin, excluding prepayment penalties and fair value hedge interest income (non-GAAP) | 2.73 | % | 2.39 | % | 2.77 | % |
64
| At or for the twelve months ended | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/31/2025 | 12/31/2024 | 12/31/2023 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Book Value per Share (GAAP) | $ | 12.16 | $ | 11.30 | $ | 10.96 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | (0.61 | ) | (0.60 | ) | (0.58 | ) | ||||||
| Core deposit intangible | (0.06 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.08 | ) | ||||||
| Tangible Book Value per Share (non-GAAP) | $ | 11.49 | $ | 10.63 | $ | 10.30 | ||||||
| Adjusted Efficiency Ratio: | ||||||||||||
| Non-interest Expense (GAAP) | $ | 62,488 | $ | 58,428 | $ | 58,350 | ||||||
| Net Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 70,097 | $ | 59,817 | $ | 67,909 | ||||||
| Non-interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 12,516 | $ | 12,903 | $ | 10,897 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of premises and equipment | — | 6 | 3 | |||||||||
| Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable equity securities | (35 | ) | (13 | ) | 1 | |||||||
| Gain on bank-owned life insurance death benefit | — | — | (778 | ) | ||||||||
| Gain on non-marketable equity investments | (243 | ) | (1,287 | ) | (590 | ) | ||||||
| Loss on defined benefit plan termination | — | — | 1,143 | |||||||||
| Non-interest Income for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 12,238 | $ | 11,609 | $ | 10,676 | ||||||
| Total Revenue for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 82,335 | $ | 71,426 | $ | 78,585 | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (GAAP) | 75.64 | % | 80.35 | % | 74.04 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (Non-interest Expense (GAAP)/Total Revenue for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)) | 75.89 | % | 81.80 | % | 74.25 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | The tax equivalent adjustment is based upon a 21% tax rate for 2025, 2024 and 2023. |
65
Comparison of Financial Condition at
December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
At December 31, 2025, total assets increased
$83.4 million, or 3.1%, from December 31, 2024 to $2.7 billion. The increase in total assets was primarily due to an increase in
total loans of $113.2 million, or 5.5%, partially offset by a decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $26.1 million, or 39.2%.
The balance sheet composition and changes since December 31, 2024 are discussed below.
Cash and Cash Equivalents.
Cash and cash equivalents is comprised
of cash on hand and amounts due from banks, interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions and federal funds sold. Cash
and cash equivalents totaled $40.4 million, or 1.5% of total assets, at December 31, 2025 and $66.5 million, or 2.5% of total assets,
at December 31, 2024. Balances in cash and cash equivalents will fluctuate due primarily to the timing of net deposit flows, borrowing
and loan inflows and outflows, investment purchases and maturities, calls and sales proceeds, and the immediate liquidity needs
of the Company.
Investments.
At December 31, 2025, the investment securities
portfolio totaled $365.2 million, or 13.3% of total assets, compared to $366.1 million, or 13.8% of total assets, at December 31,
2024. At December 31, 2025, the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio, recorded at fair market value, increased
$15.1 million, or 9.4%, from $160.7 million at December 31, 2024 to $175.8 million. The held-to-maturity securities portfolio,
recorded at amortized cost, decreased $16.2 million, or 7.9%, from $205.0 million at December 31, 2024 to $188.8 million at December
31, 2025.
At December 31, 2025, the Company reported
gross unrealized losses on the available-for-sale securities portfolio of $23.4 million, or 11.8% of the amortized cost basis of
the available-for-sale securities portfolio, compared to gross unrealized losses of $31.2 million, or 16.2% of the amortized cost
basis of the available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2025, the Company reported gross unrealized losses
on the held-to-maturity securities portfolio of $30.5 million, or 16.2% of the amortized cost basis of the held-to-maturity securities
portfolio, compared to $39.4 million, or 19.2% of the amortized cost basis of the held-to-maturity securities portfolio at December
31, 2024.
The Bank is required to purchase FHLB stock
at par value in association with advances from the FHLB. The stock is classified as a restricted investment and carried at cost
which management believes approximates fair value. The Company’s investment in FHLB capital stock amounted to $4.9 million
and $5.4 million at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company
held $423,000 of Atlantic Community Bankers Bank stock. The stock is restricted and carried in other assets at cost. The stock
is evaluated for impairment based on an estimate of the ultimate recovery to the par value.
Loans.
Total loans increased $113.2 million, or
5.5%, from $2.1 billion, or 77.9% of total assets, at December 31, 2024 to $2.2 billion, or 79.7% of total assets, at December
31, 2025. The increase in total loans was primarily driven by an increase in residential real estate loans, including home equity
loans, of $81.2 million, or 10.5%, an increase in commercial and industrial loans of $10.1 million, or 4.8%, and an increase in
commercial real estate loans of $23.3 million, or 2.2%. The increase in total loans was partially offset by a decrease in consumer
loans of $1.5 million, or 33.3%.
Management continues to closely monitor
the loan portfolio for any signs of deterioration in borrowers’ financial condition and also in light of speculation that
commercial real estate values may deteriorate as the market continues to adjust to higher vacancies and interest rates. We continue
to proactively take steps to mitigate risk in our loan portfolio.
Total delinquency was $3.1 million, or
0.14% of total loans, at December 31, 2025, compared to $5.0 million, or 0.24% of total loans at December 31, 2024. At December
31, 2025, nonaccrual loans totaled $5.2 million, or 0.24% of total loans, compared to $5.4 million, or 0.26% of total loans, at
December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no loans 90 or more days past-due and still accruing
interest. Total nonperforming assets, defined as nonaccrual loans and other real estate owned, totaled $5.2 million, or 0.19% of
total assets, at December 31, 2025, compared to $5.4 million, or 0.20% of total assets, at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2025
and December 31, 2024, the Company did not have any other real estate owned.
66
At December 31, 2025, the allowance for
credit losses was $20.3 million, or 0.93% of total loans and 393.2% of nonaccrual loans, compared to $19.5 million, or 0.94% of
total loans and 362.9% of nonaccrual loans, at December 31, 2024. Total criticized loans, defined as special mention and substandard
loans, increased $1.3 million, or 3.4%, from $38.4 million, or 1.9% of total loans, at December 31, 2024 to $39.7 million, or 1.8%
of total loans, at December 31, 2025. A summary of our past due and nonperforming loans by class is listed in Note 3 of the accompanying
unaudited consolidated financial statements.
Our commercial real estate portfolio is
comprised of diversified property types and primarily within our geographic footprint. At December 31, 2025, the commercial real
estate portfolio totaled $1.1 billion and represented 50.4% of total loans. Of the $1.1 billion, $900.5 million, or 81.9%, was
categorized as non-owner occupied commercial real estate and represented 325.1% of the Bank’s total risk-based capital.
The Company’s commercial real estate
loans are considered to be relatively diversified by borrower, industry and concentrated in the New England geographical area.
A significant portion of the loan portfolio consists of commercial real estate loans, primarily made in Massachusetts, and to a
lesser degree, Connecticut, and secured by real estate or other collateral in the market. Although these loans are made to a diversified
pool of unrelated borrowers across numerous businesses, adverse developments in the local real estate market could have an adverse
impact on this portfolio of loans and the Company’s income and financial position. While our basic market area is in Massachusetts,
the Company has made loans outside that market area where the applicant is an existing customer, and the nature and quality of
such loans was consistent with the Company’s lending policies.
We continuously monitor the asset quality
of our loan portfolio. For the commercial portfolio, we monitor credit quality using a risk rating scale, which assigns a risk-grade
to each borrower based on a number of quantitative and qualitative factors associated with a commercial loan transaction. Management
utilizes a loan risk rating methodology based on an 8-point scale. Pass grades are 0-4 and non-pass categories, which align with
regulatory guidelines, include: special mention (5), substandard (6), doubtful (7) and loss (8). Risk rating assignment is determined
by analyzing key factors, which may include: industry and market conditions, position within the industry, earnings trends, operating
cash flow, debt capacity, guarantor strength, management, financial reporting, collateral and other considerations.
CRE Concentrations.
The
OCC, the FRB, and the FDIC (“Agencies”) issued guidance in 2006 which addresses institutions with increased
concentrations of commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans. The guidance does not establish specific CRE lending limits;
rather, it promotes sound risk management practices and appropriate levels of capital that will enable institutions to continue
to pursue CRE lending in a safe and sound manner. In developing this guidance, the Agencies recognized that different types of
CRE lending present different levels of risk, and that consideration should be given to the lower risk profiles and historically
superior performance of certain types of CRE, such as well-structured multifamily housing finance, when compared to others, such
as speculative office space construction.
Institutions are encouraged to segment
their CRE portfolios to acknowledge these distinctions for risk management purposes. The guidance focuses on those CRE loans for
which the cash flow from the real estate is the primary source of repayment rather than loans to a borrower for which real estate
collateral is taken as a secondary source of repayment or through an abundance of caution. Thus, for the purposes of the guidance,
CRE loans include those loans with risk profiles sensitive to the condition of the general CRE market (for example, market demand,
changes in capitalization rates, vacancy rates, or rents). CRE loans are land development and construction loans (including 1-
to 4-family residential and commercial construction loans) and other land loans. CRE loans also include loans secured by multifamily
property, and nonfarm nonresidential property where the primary source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with
the property (that is, loans for which 50 percent or more of the source of repayment comes from third party, nonaffiliated, rental
income) or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing, or permanent financing of the property. Excluded from the scope of this guidance
are loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties where the primary source of repayment is the cashflow from the ongoing operations
and activities conducted by the party, or affiliate of the party, who owns the property.
67
As part of their ongoing supervisory monitoring
processes, the Agencies use certain criteria to identify institutions that are potentially exposed to significant CRE concentration
risk. An institution that has experienced rapid growth in CRE lending, has notable exposure to a specific type of CRE, or is approaching
or exceeds the following supervisory criteria may be identified for further supervisory analysis of the level and nature of its
CRE concentration risk:
1. Total reported loans for construction,
land development, and other land represent 100 percent or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital; or
2. Total commercial real estate
loans, as defined in this guidance, represent 300 percent or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital, and the
outstanding balance of the institution’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 50 percent or more during
the prior 36 months.
The Agencies use the criteria as a preliminary
step to identify institutions that may have CRE concentration risk. Because regulatory reports capture a broad range of CRE loans
with varying risk characteristics, the supervisory monitoring criteria do not constitute limits on an institution’s lending
activity but rather serve as high-level indicators to identify institutions potentially exposed to CRE concentration risk.
The Company holds a concentration in commercial
real estate loans. As of December 31, 2025, commercial real estate loans represented 396.8% of consolidated bank risk-based capital.
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans totaled $900.5 million, or 325.1% of consolidated bank risk-based capital, and
owner-occupied commercial real estate loans totaled $198.6 million, or 71.7% of consolidated bank risk-based capital. As of December
31, 2025, construction, land development and other land loans represented 39.0% of consolidated bank risk-based capital. During
the prior 36 months, the Company has experienced an increase in its commercial real estate portfolio of 9.0%.
The management team has extensive experience
in underwriting commercial real estate loans and has implemented and continues to maintain heightened risk management procedures
and strong underwriting criteria with respect to its commercial real estate portfolio. The Company’s Board of Directors (the
“Board”) has established internal maximum limits on CRE as an asset class overall as well as sub limits within CRE
by property class, to better manage and control the exposure to property classes during periods of changing economic conditions.
The Board also has minimum targets for regulatory capital ratios that are in excess of well capitalized ratios.
Our risk management process begins with
a robust underwriting program. The underwriting and risk rating of all loans is completed by the Company’s Credit Department
that is independent of the originating lender(s).
At December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
non-owner and owner occupied commercial real estate loans, totaled $1.1 billion, or 50.4%, of total gross loans, and $1.1 billion,
or 52.0%, of total gross loans, respectively.
68
The table below breaks down the commercial
real estate portfolio outstanding balance by non-owner and owner occupied and by concentration as of December 31, 2025:
| Property Type | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of CRE Portfolio | % of Total Loans | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office Portfolio | $ | 174,196 | $ | 20,961 | $ | 195,157 | 17.8 | % | 8.9 | % | 70.5 | % | ||||||||||||
| Apartment | 174,330 | — | 174,330 | 15.9 | % | 8.0 | % | 62.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 124,601 | 44,382 | 168,983 | 15.4 | % | 7.7 | % | 61.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Retail | 110,356 | 5,102 | 115,458 | 10.5 | % | 5.3 | % | 41.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 75,593 | 5,741 | 81,334 | 7.4 | % | 3.7 | % | 29.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 45,445 | 25,376 | 70,821 | 6.4 | % | 3.3 | % | 25.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 46,106 | 67 | 46,173 | 4.2 | % | 2.1 | % | 16.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Hotel/Hospitality | 41,582 | — | 41,582 | 3.8 | % | 1.9 | % | 15.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 28,854 | 6,292 | 35,146 | 3.2 | % | 1.6 | % | 12.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 23,560 | 10,339 | 33,899 | 3.1 | % | 1.6 | % | 12.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 697 | 33,822 | 34,519 | 3.1 | % | 1.6 | % | 12.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Auto Service and Repair | 6,153 | 21,783 | 27,936 | 2.5 | % | 1.3 | % | 10.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | 17,057 | 9,726 | 26,783 | 2.4 | % | 1.2 | % | 9.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 10,420 | 14,959 | 25,379 | 2.3 | % | 1.2 | % | 9.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 21,563 | — | 21,563 | 2.0 | % | 1.0 | % | 7.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | $ | 900,513 | $ | 198,550 | $ | 1,099,063 | 100.0 | % | 50.4 | % | 396.8 | % | ||||||||||||
| % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | 325.1 | % | 71.7 | % | 396.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| % of Total CRE loans | 81.9 | % | 18.1 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
The table below breaks down the commercial
real estate portfolio outstanding balance by non-owner and owner occupied and by concentration as of December 31, 2024:
| Property Type | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of CRE Portfolio | % of Total Loans | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office Portfolio | $ | 177,102 | $ | 23,013 | $ | 200,115 | 18.6 | % | 9.7 | % | 73.9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Apartment | 179,874 | — | 179,874 | 16.7 | % | 8.7 | % | 66.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 116,663 | 51,618 | 168,281 | 15.6 | % | 8.1 | % | 62.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Retail | 109,936 | 7,105 | 117,041 | 10.9 | % | 5.7 | % | 43.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 37,231 | 30,471 | 67,702 | 6.3 | % | 3.3 | % | 25.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 71,226 | 6,402 | 77,628 | 7.2 | % | 3.8 | % | 28.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Hotel/Hospitality | 43,133 | — | 43,133 | 4.0 | % | 2.1 | % | 15.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 2,705 | 36,554 | 39,259 | 3.6 | % | 1.9 | % | 14.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | 31,635 | 6,119 | 37,754 | 3.5 | % | 1.8 | % | 13.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 33,765 | 329 | 34,094 | 3.2 | % | 1.6 | % | 12.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 22,047 | — | 22,047 | 2.0 | % | 1.1 | % | 8.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 20,942 | 10,045 | 30,987 | 2.9 | % | 1.5 | % | 11.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 23,193 | 7,518 | 30,711 | 2.9 | % | 1.5 | % | 11.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 11,376 | 15,730 | 27,106 | 2.5 | % | 1.3 | % | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | $ | 880,828 | $ | 194,904 | $ | 1,075,732 | 100.0 | % | 52.0 | % | 397.1 | % | ||||||||||||
| % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | 325.2 | % | 71.9 | % | 397.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| % of Total CRE loans | 81.9 | % | 18.1 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
At December 31, 2025, of the $1.1 billion
in commercial real estate loans, $900.5 million, or 41.3% of total loans, were categorized as non-owner occupied and represented
325.1% of total bank risk-based capital.
69
The following table further breaks down
the non-owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio balances by concentration, collateral location and weighted average loan-to-value
(“LTV”) as of December 31, 2025:
| Property Type | MA | CT | NH | RI | ME | Other | Total | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | Weighted Average LTV(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apartment | $ | 107,299 | $ | 43,612 | $ | — | $ | 23,419 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 174,330 | 62.9 | % | 52.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Office | 63,973 | 60,433 | 38,586 | — | 11,204 | — | 174,196 | 62.9 | % | 62.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 74,031 | 34,887 | — | 11,229 | — | 4,454 | 124,601 | 45.0 | % | 56.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 53,291 | 25,964 | 13,865 | 6,070 | 11,166 | — | 110,356 | 39.8 | % | 50.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 35,641 | 22,503 | — | 12,809 | — | 4,640 | 75,593 | 27.3 | % | 55.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 36,155 | 9,180 | 771 | — | — | — | 46,106 | 16.6 | % | 55.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 40,666 | 3,984 | 677 | — | 118 | — | 45,445 | 16.4 | % | 51.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel/Hospitality | 20,074 | 21,508 | — | — | — | — | 41,582 | 15.0 | % | 51.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 9,227 | 19,627 | — | — | — | — | 28,854 | 10.4 | % | 48.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 17,034 | 4,889 | — | — | — | 1,637 | 23,560 | 8.5 | % | 41.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 3,628 | 14,934 | 2,660 | — | — | 341 | 21,563 | 7.8 | % | 60.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | 8,543 | 8,514 | — | — | — | — | 17,057 | 6.2 | % | 58.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 10,420 | — | — | — | — | — | 10,420 | 3.8 | % | 43.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive Service and Repair | 4,982 | 1,171 | — | — | — | — | 6,153 | 2.2 | % | 65.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 697 | — | — | — | — | — | 697 | 0.3 | % | 57.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Non-Owner CRE | $ | 485,661 | $ | 271,206 | $ | 56,559 | $ | 53,527 | $ | 22,488 | $ | 11,072 | $ | 900,513 | 325.1 | % | 54.9 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Weighted average LTV is based on the original appraisal and the current loan exposure. |
At December 31, 2024, of the $1.1 billion
in commercial real estate loans, $880.8 million, or 42.6% of total loans, was categorized as non-owner occupied and represented
325.2% of total risk-based capital.
The following table further breaks down
the non-owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio balances by concentration, collateral location and weighted average LTV
as of December 31, 2024.
| Property Type | MA | CT | NH | RI | Other | Total | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | Weighted Average LTV(2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apartment | $ | 114,922 | $ | 37,212 | $ | — | $ | 27,740 | $ | — | $ | 179,874 | 66.4 | % | 54.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Office | 62,554 | 62,906 | 40,237 | — | 11,405 | 177,102 | 65.4 | % | 64.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 60,192 | 35,438 | — | 14,992 | 6,041 | 116,663 | 43.1 | % | 56.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 55,555 | 23,551 | 13,752 | 6,219 | 10,859 | 109,936 | 40.6 | % | 55.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 31,899 | 21,552 | — | 13,062 | 4,713 | 71,226 | 26.3 | % | 57.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 30,449 | 5,949 | 707 | — | 126 | 37,231 | 13.7 | % | 55.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel/Hospitality | 20,813 | 22,320 | — | — | — | 43,133 | 15.9 | % | 51.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | 15,089 | 16,546 | — | — | — | 31,635 | 11.7 | % | 58.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 24,433 | 8,548 | 784 | — | — | 33,765 | 12.5 | % | 63.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 3,717 | 15,323 | 2,660 | — | 347 | 22,047 | 8.1 | % | 72.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 7,176 | 16,017 | — | — | — | 23,193 | 8.6 | % | 50.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 17,406 | 3,319 | — | — | 217 | 20,942 | 7.7 | % | 44.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 11,376 | — | — | — | — | 11,376 | 4.2 | % | 45.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 2,705 | — | — | — | — | 2,705 | 1.0 | % | 39.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Non-Owner CRE | $ | 458,286 | $ | 268,681 | $ | 58,140 | $ | 62,013 | $ | 33,708 | $ | 880,828 | 325.2 | % | 57.2 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Weighted average LTV is based on the original appraisal and the current loan exposure. |
70
The Company also underwrites and originates
owner occupied commercial real estate loans. These loans are typically term loans made to support properties that rely upon the
operations of the business occupying the property for repayment. The Agencies specifically excluded owner occupied commercial real
estate from their concentration guidance, as the primary source of repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities
conducted by the party, or affiliate of the party, who owns the property.
The table below depicts a well-diversified
portfolio of owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio as of December 31, 2025:
| Property Type | MA | CT | NH | Other | Total | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | Weighted Average LTV(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owner Occupied CRE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,726 | $ | — | $ | 9,726 | 3.5 | % | 57.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 27,404 | 6,418 | — | — | 33,822 | 12.2 | % | 57.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive Service and Repair | 4,626 | 17,157 | — | — | 21,783 | 7.9 | % | 61.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 14,959 | — | — | — | 14,959 | 5.4 | % | 63.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 37,852 | 6,331 | — | 199 | 44,382 | 16.0 | % | 50.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 4,964 | 777 | — | — | 5,741 | 2.1 | % | 56.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office | 18,550 | 2,411 | — | — | 20,961 | 7.6 | % | 56.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 5,102 | — | — | — | 5,102 | 2.1 | % | 50.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 4,201 | 2,091 | — | — | 6,292 | 2.2 | % | 55.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 67 | — | — | — | 67 | -% | 51.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 9,992 | 347 | — | — | 10,339 | 3.7 | % | 63.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 15,903 | 8,600 | 873 | — | 25,376 | 9.0 | % | 40.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Owner Occupied CRE | $ | 143,620 | $ | 44,132 | $ | 10,599 | $ | 199 | $ | 198,550 | 71.7 | % | 54.7 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Weighted average LTV is based on the original appraisal and the current loan exposure. |
The table below depicts a well-diversified
portfolio of owner occupied commercial real estate as of December 31, 2024:
| Property Type | MA | CT | NH | Other | Total | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | Weighted Average LTV(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Owner Occupied CRE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,119 | $ | — | $ | 6,119 | 2.3 | % | 58.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 29,858 | 6,696 | — | — | 36,554 | 13.5 | % | 59.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 15,730 | — | — | — | 15,730 | 5.8 | % | 66.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 42,456 | 8,594 | — | 568 | 51,618 | 19.1 | % | 52.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 5,820 | 582 | — | — | 6,402 | 2.4 | % | 53.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office | 20,477 | 2,536 | — | — | 23,013 | 8.5 | % | 57.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 7,105 | — | — | — | 7,105 | 2.6 | % | 53.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 5,358 | 2,160 | — | — | 7,518 | 2.8 | % | 56.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 329 | — | — | — | 329 | 0.1 | % | 20.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 9,671 | 374 | — | — | 10,045 | 3.7 | % | 63.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 21,773 | 7,782 | 916 | — | 30,471 | 11.2 | % | 49.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Owner Occupied CRE | $ | 158,577 | $ | 28,724 | $ | 7,035 | $ | 568 | $ | 194,904 | 72.0 | % | 56.0 | % |
____________________
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Weighted average LTV is based on the original appraisal and the current loan exposure. |
Commercial Real Estate Office Exposure.
Our total office related commercial real
estate loans (which is comprised of loans within our commercial real estate portfolio that are secured by office space, medical
office space, and mixed-use where rental income is primarily from office space) totaled $195.2 million, or 70.5% of total bank
risk-based capital and $200.1 million, or 73.9% of total bank risk-based capital, as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
respectively.
71
The table below breaks the commercial real
estate office loans by collateral type for the periods noted:
| December 31, 2025 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Collateral Type: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Office/Medical | $ | 108,113 | $ | 9,941 | $ | 118,054 | 60.5 | % | 42.6 | % | ||||||||||
| Office/Professional Metro | 3,577 | 7,796 | 11,373 | 5.8 | % | 4.1 | % | |||||||||||||
| Office/Professional Suburban | 35,686 | 3,011 | 38,697 | 19.8 | % | 14.0 | % | |||||||||||||
| Office/Professional Urban | 26,820 | 213 | 27,033 | 13.9 | % | 9.8 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 174,196 | $ | 20,961 | $ | 195,157 | 100.0 | % | 70.5 | % |
| December 31, 2024 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Collateral Type: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Office/Medical | $ | 106,884 | $ | 10,760 | $ | 117,644 | 58.8 | % | 43.4 | % | ||||||||||
| Office/Professional Metro | 3,693 | 8,259 | 11,952 | 6.0 | % | 4.4 | % | |||||||||||||
| Office/Professional Suburban | 39,336 | 3,681 | 43,017 | 21.5 | % | 15.9 | % | |||||||||||||
| Office/Professional Urban | 27,189 | 313 | 27,502 | 13.7 | % | 10.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 177,102 | $ | 23,013 | $ | 200,115 | 100.0 | % | 73.9 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
CRE office loans are primarily concentrated
in Massachusetts, where approximately 42.3% at December 31, 2025 and 41.5%, at December 31, 2024, of the total balance of CRE office
loans are located. The Company does not have CRE loans secured by office real estate in greater Boston or New York.
| December 31, 2025 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| By State: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | $ | 63,973 | $ | 18,550 | $ | 82,523 | 42.3 | % | 29.8 | % | ||||||||||
| Connecticut | 60,433 | 2,411 | 62,844 | 32.2 | % | 22.7 | % | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | 38,586 | — | 38,586 | 19.8 | % | 14.0 | % | |||||||||||||
| Other | 11,204 | — | 11,204 | 5.7 | % | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 174,196 | $ | 20,961 | $ | 195,157 | 100.0 | % | 70.5 | % |
| December 31, 2024 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| By State: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | $ | 62,554 | $ | 20,477 | $ | 83,031 | 41.5 | % | 30.7 | % | ||||||||||
| Connecticut | 62,906 | 2,536 | 65,442 | 32.7 | % | 24.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | 40,237 | — | 40,237 | 20.1 | % | 14.9 | % | |||||||||||||
| Other | 11,405 | — | 11,405 | 5.7 | % | 4.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 177,102 | $ | 23,013 | $ | 200,115 | 100.0 | % | 73.9 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
72
The following table sets forth the CRE
office loans for non-owner occupied and owner occupied CRE and their credit quality indicators as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, 2025 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| By Risk Rating: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | $ | 166,275 | $ | 20,683 | $ | 186,958 | 95.8 | % | 67.5 | % | ||||||||||
| Special Mention | 72 | — | 72 | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||||
| Substandard | 7,849 | 278 | 8,127 | 4.2 | % | 3.0 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 174,196 | $ | 20,961 | $ | 195,157 | 100.0 | % | 70.5 | % |
| December 31, 2024 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital(1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| By Risk Rating: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | $ | 169,177 | $ | 21,632 | $ | 190,809 | 95.4 | % | 70.5 | % | ||||||||||
| Special Mention | 7,925 | 724 | 8,649 | 4.3 | % | 3.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Substandard | — | 657 | 657 | 0.3 | % | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 177,102 | $ | 23,013 | $ | 200,115 | 100.0 | % | 73.9 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
Given prevailing market conditions such
as recent sustained increases in interest rates, reduced occupancy as a result of the increase in hybrid work arrangements post-COVID,
and lower commercial real estate valuations, we carefully monitor these loans for signs of deterioration in credit quality and
other risks. Such heightened monitoring includes incremental risk management strategies undertaken by management, including more
frequent portfolio reviews, ongoing monitoring of market conditions, and additional portfolio analysis, which may include monitoring
concentration limitations, including concentrations by loan type, property type, geographic area and with participants, where applicable,
and risk diversification, tracking aggregated policy and underwriting exceptions and stress testing the loan portfolios.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance.
The Company owns bank-owned life insurance
(“BOLI”) to help offset the cost of employee benefit plans. BOLI is recorded at its cash surrender value. BOLI policies
insure the lives of officers and certain employees and names the Bank as beneficiary. The change in the cash surrender value is
included as a component of non-interest income and is exempt from federal and state income taxes as long as the policies are held
until the death of the insured individuals. The cash surrender value of BOLI was $79.0 million and $77.1 million at December 31,
2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and was issued by eleven insurance companies rated investment grade or better.
Deposits.
At December 31, 2025, total deposits were
$2.4 billion and increased $98.3 million, or 4.3%, from December 31, 2024. Core deposits, which the Company defines as all deposits
except time deposits, increased $111.9 million, or 7.2%, from $1.6 billion, or 68.9% of total deposits, at December 31, 2024, to
$1.7 billion, or 70.8% of total deposits, at December 31, 2025. Non-interest-bearing deposits increased $28.9 million, or 5.1%,
to $594.5 million, and represent 25.2% of total deposits, money market accounts increased $54.1 million, or 8.2%, to $715.6 million,
interest-bearing checking accounts increased $23.9 million, or 15.9%, to $174.2 million, and savings accounts increased $5.0 million,
or 2.7%, to $186.6 million.
Time deposits decreased $13.7 million,
or 1.9%, from $703.6 million at December 31, 2024 to $689.9 million at December 31, 2025. Brokered time deposits, which are included
in time deposits, totaled $1.7 million at December 31, 2024. The Company did not have any brokered time deposits at December 31,
2025. We continue our disciplined and focused approach to core relationship management and customer outreach to meet funding requirements
and liquidity needs, with an emphasis on retaining a long-term core customer relationship base by competing for and retaining deposits
in our local market. At December 31, 2025, the Bank’s uninsured deposits totaled $697.6 million, or 29.5% of total deposits,
compared to $643.6 million, or 28.4% of total deposits, at December 31, 2024.
73
Borrowed Funds.
At December 31, 2025, total borrowings
decreased $17.1 million, or 13.9%, from $123.1 million at December 31, 2024 to $106.1 million. At December 31, 2025, short-term
borrowings increased $7.9 million, or 146.2%, to $13.3 million, compared to $5.4 million at December 31, 2024. Long-term borrowings
decreased $25.0 million, or 25.5%, from $98.0 million at December 31, 2024 to $73.0 million at December 31, 2025. At December 31,
2025 and December 31, 2024, borrowings also consisted of $19.8 million in fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes.
As of December 31, 2025, the Company had
$538.6 million of additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB, $349.0 million of additional borrowing capacity under the FRB Discount
Window and $25.0 million of other unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks.
Shareholders’ Equity.
At December 31, 2025, shareholders’
equity was $247.6 million, or 9.1% of total assets, compared to $235.9 million, or 8.9% of total assets, at December 31, 2024.
The change was primarily attributable to net income of $15.3 million and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss of
$6.6 million, partially offset by cash dividends paid of $5.7 million and the repurchase of shares at a cost of $6.2 million. At
December 31, 2025, total shares outstanding were 20,372,786. The Company’s regulatory capital ratios continue to be strong
and in excess of regulatory minimum requirements to be considered well-capitalized as defined by regulators and internal Company
targets.
The Company’s book value per share
was $12.16 at December 31, 2025, compared to $11.30 at December 31, 2024, while tangible book value per share, a non-GAAP financial
measure, increased $0.86, or 8.1%, from $10.63 at December 31, 2024 to $11.49 at December 31, 2025. For more information regarding
the Company’s use of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
Assets under Management.
Total assets under management include loans
serviced for others and investment assets under management. Loans serviced for others and investment assets under management are
not carried as assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, and as such, total assets under management is not a financial
measurement recognized under GAAP, however, management believes its disclosure provides information useful in understanding the
trends in total assets under management.
The Company provides a wide range of investment
advisory and wealth management services through Westfield Investment Services through LPL Financial, a third-party broker-dealer.
Investment assets under management increased $34.7 million, or 17.4%, to $234.0 million as of December 31, 2025, from $199.3 million
as of December 31, 2024.
Comparison of Operating Results for
Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
General.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2025, the Company reported net income of $15.3 million, or $0.75 per diluted share, compared to $11.7 million, or $0.56 per diluted
share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Net interest income increased $10.3 million, or 17.2%, provision for credit
losses increased $1.0 million, non-interest income decreased $387,000, or 3.0%, and non-interest expense increased $4.1 million,
or 6.9%, compared to 2024. Return on average assets and return on average equity were 0.56% and 6.35% for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2025, respectively, compared to 0.45% and 4.93% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, respectively.
74
Net Interest
Income and Net Interest Margin.
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2025, net interest income increased $10.3 million, or 17.2%, to $70.1 million, compared to $59.8 million for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2024. The increase in net interest income was due to an increase in interest income of $8.8 million, or 8.0%,
and a decrease in interest expense of $1.5 million, or 3.0%.
The net interest margin for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2025 was 2.75%, compared to 2.45% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The net interest margin,
on a tax-equivalent basis, was 2.77% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, compared to 2.47% for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2024. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company had fair value hedge income of $1.4 million, which
contributed six basis points to the net interest margin. The adjusted net interest margin, excluding income from the fair value
hedge, a non-GAAP financial measure, increased 36 basis points from 2.39% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 to 2.75%
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025. The fair value hedge matured in October of 2024. For more information regarding
the Company’s use of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
The average yield on interest-earning assets,
without the impact of tax-equivalent adjustments, increased 15 basis points from 4.50% for the twelve months ended December 31,
2024 to 4.65% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025. The average yield on loans, without the impact of tax-equivalent adjustments,
increased 14 basis points from 4.86% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 to 5.00% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2025. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, average interest-earning assets increased $108.9 million, or 4.5%,
to $2.5 billion, compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to an increase in average loans of $73.6
million, or 3.6%, an increase in average short-term investments, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, of $21.5 million, or
64.7%, and an increase in average securities of $13.6 million, or 3.8%.
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2025, the average cost of funds, including non-interest-bearing demand accounts and borrowings, decreased 15 basis points from
2.14% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 to 1.99%. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the average cost of
core deposits, including non-interest-bearing demand deposits, increased 15 basis points from 0.89% for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2024, to 1.04%. The average cost of time deposits decreased 63 basis points from 4.32% for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2024 to 3.69% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025. The average cost of borrowings, which include borrowings
and subordinated debt, increased 2 basis points from 5.00% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 to 5.02% for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2025.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2025, average demand deposits, an interest-free source of funds, increased $20.9 million, or 3.7%, from $561.3 million, or 25.8%
of total average deposits, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, to $582.2 million, or 25.1% of total average deposits.
Provision for Credit Losses.
The credit loss estimation process involves
procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of loan portfolio segments, which consist of commercial real estate
loans, residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans. These segments are further disaggregated
into loan classes, the level at which credit risk is monitored. For each of these pools, the Company generates cash flow projections
at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, time to recovery,
probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery
are based on historical internal data. The quantitative component of the ACL on loans is model-based and utilizes a forward-looking
macroeconomic forecast. The Company uses a discounted cash flow method, incorporating probability of default and loss given default
forecasted based on statistically derived economic variable loss drivers, to estimate expected credit losses. This process includes
estimates which involve modeling loss projections attributable to existing loan balances, and considering historical experience,
current conditions, and future expectations for pools of loans over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. The historical
information either experienced by the Company or by a selection of peer banks, when appropriate, is derived from a combination
of recessionary and non-recessionary performance periods for which data is available. The expected loss estimates for the consumer
loan segment are based on historical loss rates using the WARM method.
75
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2025, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $335,000, compared to a reversal of credit losses of $665,000 during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The $1.0 million increase in the provision for credit losses was primarily due to an
increase in total loans of $113.2 million, or 5.5%. The provision for credit losses was determined by a number of factors: the
continued strong credit performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, changes in the loan portfolio mix and Management’s
consideration of existing economic conditions and the economic outlook from the Federal Reserve Bank’s actions to control
inflation. Management continues to monitor macroeconomic variables related to increasing interest rates, tariffs, inflation and
concerns of an economic downturn, and believes it is appropriately reserved for the current economic environment.
The Company recorded net recoveries of
$472,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, as compared to net recoveries of $87,000 for the twelve months ended December
31, 2024. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a recovery of $624,000 on a previously charged-off
commercial relationship acquired on October 21, 2016 from Chicopee Bancorp, Inc. As of June 30, 2025, the relationship paid in
full.
Although management believes it has established
and maintained the allowance for credit losses at appropriate levels for the current economic environment and supportable forecast
period, future adjustments may be necessary if economic, real estate and other conditions differ substantially from the current
operating environment.
Non-Interest
Income.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2025, non-interest income decreased $387,000, or 3.0%, from $12.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 to $12.5
million. During the same period, service charges and fees on deposits increased $715,000, or 7.8%, and income from BOLI increased
$52,000, or 2.7%. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company reported $347,000 in other income from loan-level
swap fees on commercial loans, compared to $261,000 during the same period in 2024. During the twelve months ended December 31,
2025, the Company reported a gain of $243,000 on non-marketable equity investments, compared to a gain of $1.3 million during the
twelve months ended December 31, 2024. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company reported unrealized gains
on marketable equity securities of $35,000, compared to unrealized gains on marketable equity securities of $13,000 during the
twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Gains and losses from the investment portfolio vary from quarter to quarter based on market
conditions, as well as the related yield curve and valuation changes. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the Company
reported $11,000 in gains from mortgage banking activities, compared to $235,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024
due to the sale of fixed rate residential real estate loans. In addition, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the
Company reported a loss on the disposal of premises and equipment of $6,000 and did not have a comparable gain or loss during the
twelve months ended December 31, 2025.
Non-Interest
Expense.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2025, non-interest expense increased $4.1 million, or 6.9%, to $62.5 million, compared to $58.4 million for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2024. The increase in non-interest expense was primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits of $3.0
million, or 9.3%, due to an increase in deferred compensation expense to reflect updated year-end performance award estimates as
well as annual merit increases. Advertising expense increased $385,000, or 30.3%, data processing expense increased $153,000, or
4.4%, FDIC insurance expense increased $144,000, or 9.9%, software related expenses increased $124,000, or 4.9%, debit card and
ATM processing fees increased $46,000, or 1.9%, and other non-interest expense increased $410,000, or 8.0%. These increases were
partially offset by a decrease in occupancy expense of $11,000 or 0.2%, a decrease in furniture and equipment expense of $87,000,
or 4.5%, and a decrease in professional fees of $144,000, or 6.7%.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2025, the efficiency ratio was 75.6%, compared to 80.4% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The decrease in the efficiency
ratio was driven by higher net interest income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to the twelve months ended
December 31, 2024.
Income Taxes.
Income tax expense for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2025 was $4.5 million, representing an effective tax rate of 22.8%, compared to $3.3 million, representing an
effective tax rate of 22.0%, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The increase in income tax expense was due to higher
pre-tax income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025.
76
Liquidity and Capital
Resources.
The term “liquidity”
refers to our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to fund loan originations, loan purchases, deposit withdrawals and operating
expenses. Our primary sources of liquidity are deposits, scheduled amortization and prepayments of loan principal and mortgage-backed
securities, maturities and calls of investment securities and funds provided by our operations. We also can borrow funds from the
FHLB based on eligible collateral of loans and securities. Our material cash commitments include funding loan originations, fulfilling
contractual obligations with third-party service providers, maintaining operating leases for certain of our Bank properties and
satisfying repayment of our long-term debt obligations.
Primary Sources
of Liquidity
The Company, on an ongoing
basis, closely monitors the Company’s liquidity position for compliance with internal policies, and believes that available
sources of liquidity are adequate to meet funding needs in the normal course of business. As part of that monitoring process, the
Company stresses the potential liabilities calculation to ensure a strong liquidity position. Included in the calculation are assumptions
of some significant deposit run-off as well as funds needed for loan closing and investment purchases. The Company does not anticipate
engaging in any activities, either currently or over the long-term, for which adequate funding would not be available and which
would therefore result in significant pressure on liquidity. However, an economic recession could negatively impact the Company’s
liquidity. The Bank relies heavily on FHLB as a source of funds, particularly with its overnight line of credit. In past economic
recessions, some FHLB branches have suspended dividends, cut dividend payments, and not bought back excess FHLB stock that members
hold in an effort to conserve capital. FHLB has stated that it expects to be able to continue to pay dividends, redeem excess capital
stock, and provide competitively priced advances in the future.
At December 31, 2025
and December 31, 2024, outstanding borrowings from the FHLB were $83.0 million and $98.0 million, respectively. At December 31,
2025, we had $538.6 million in available borrowing capacity with the FHLB, including our $9.5 million overnight Ideal Way Line
of Credit. We have the ability to increase our borrowing capacity with the FHLB by pledging investment securities or additional
loans.
The Company has an available line of credit
of $349.0 million with the FRB Discount Window at an interest rate determined and reset on a daily basis. Borrowings from the FRB
Discount Window are secured by certain eligible loan collateral and securities from the Company’s investment portfolio not
otherwise pledged. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no advances outstanding under either of these lines.
In addition, we have available lines of
credit of $15.0 million and $10.0 million with other correspondent banks. Interest rates on these lines are determined and reset
on a daily basis by each respective bank. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we did not have an outstanding balance under either of
these lines of credit. In addition, we may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with approved broker-dealers. Reverse repurchase
agreements are agreements that allow us to borrow money using our securities as collateral.
We also have outstanding at any time, a
significant number of commitments to extend credit and provide financial guarantees to third parties. These arrangements are subject
to strict credit control assessments. Guarantees specify limits to our obligations. Because many commitments and almost all guarantees
expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not estimates of future cash flows. We are also obligated
under agreements with the FHLB to repay borrowed funds and are obligated under leases for certain of our branches and equipment.
Maturing investment securities
are a relatively predictable source of funds. However, deposit flows, calls of securities and prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed
securities are strongly influenced by interest rates, general and local economic conditions and competition in the marketplace.
These factors reduce the predictability of the timing of these sources of funds.
The Company’s primary activities
are the origination of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and residential real estate loans, as well
as and the purchase of mortgage-backed and other investment securities. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we originated
$380.2 million in loans, compared to $336.4 million in 2024. Total loans increased $113.2 million, or 5.5%, from $2.1 billion,
or 77.9% of total assets, at December 31, 2024 to $2.2 billion, or 79.7% of total assets, at December 31, 2025. At December 31,
2025, the Company had approximately $144.0 million in loan commitments and letters of credit to borrowers and approximately $357.3
million in available home equity and other unadvanced lines of credit.
77
Deposit inflows and outflows
are affected by the level of interest rates, the products and interest rates offered by competitors and by other factors. At December
31, 2025, time deposit accounts scheduled to mature within one year totaled $678.1 million, or 98.3% of total time deposits. Based
on the Company’s deposit retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate that a significant portion of these
time deposits will remain on deposit. We monitor our liquidity position frequently and anticipate that it will have sufficient
funds to meet our current funding commitments for the next 12 months and beyond.
At December 31, 2025,
the Company and the Bank exceeded each of the applicable regulatory capital requirements (See Note 13, Regulatory Capital,
to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our regulatory requirements).
Material Cash Commitments
The Company entered into
a long-term contractual obligation with a vendor for use of its core provider and ancillary services beginning in 2016. Total remaining
contractual obligations outstanding with this vendor as of December 31, 2025 were estimated to be $3.6 million, which is expected
to be paid within one year. Further, the Company has operating leases for certain of its banking offices and ATMs. Our leases have
remaining lease terms of less than one year to thirteen years, some of which include options to extend the leases for additional
five-year terms up to ten years. Undiscounted lease liabilities totaled $7.7 million as of December 31, 2025. Principal payments
expected to be made on our lease liabilities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 were $1.4 million. The remaining
lease liability payments totaled $6.3 million and are expected to be made after December 31, 2026 (See Note 12, Leases,
to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our lease obligations).
On April 20, 2021, the
Company completed an offering of its private placement of $20.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.875% fixed-to-floating
rate subordinated notes due on May 1, 2031, unless earlier redeemed, to certain qualified institutional buyers (the “Notes”).
The Notes bear interest from the initial issue date to, but excluding, May 1, 2026, or the earlier redemption date, at a fixed
rate of 4.875% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on May 1, August 1, November 1 and February 1 of each year, beginning August
1, 2021, and from and including May 1, 2026, but excluding the maturity date or earlier redemption date, equal to the benchmark
rate, which is the 90-day average secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”), plus 412 basis points, determined on the
determination date of the applicable interest period, payable quarterly in arrears on May 1, August 1, November 1 and February
1 of each year. The Company may also redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, on or after May 1, 2026, and at any time upon the occurrence
of certain events, subject in each case to the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (See Note 8, Long-Term
Debt, to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our long-term debt). At December 31, 2025 and December
31, 2024, $19.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the Notes was outstanding.
We do not anticipate
any material capital expenditures during the calendar year 2025, except in pursuance of the Company’s strategic initiatives.
The Company does not have any balloon or other payments due on any long-term obligations or any off-balance sheet items other than
the commitments and unused lines of credit noted above.
Off-Balance Sheet
Arrangements.
The Company does not
have any off-balance sheet arrangements, other than noted above and in Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, to our consolidated
financial statements, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes
in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that
is material to investors.
Management of Market Risk.
As a
financial institution, our primary market risk is interest rate risk since substantially all transactions are denominated in U.S.
dollars with no direct foreign exchange or changes in commodity price exposure. Fluctuations in interest rates will affect both
our level of income and expense on a large portion of our assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in interest rates will also affect
the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
78
The Company’s interest rate management
strategy is to limit fluctuations in net interest income as interest rates vary up or down and control variations in the market
value of assets, liabilities and net worth as interest rates vary. We seek to coordinate asset and liability decisions so that,
under changing interest rate scenarios, net interest income will remain within an acceptable range.
In order to achieve the Company’s
objectives of managing interest rate risk, the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) meets periodically
to discuss and monitor the market interest rate environment relative to interest rates that are offered on our products. ALCO presents
quarterly reports to the Board which includes the Company’s interest rate risk position and liquidity position.
The Company’s primary
source of funds are deposits, consisting primarily of time deposits, money market accounts, savings accounts, demand accounts and
interest-bearing checking accounts, which have shorter terms to maturity than the loan portfolio. Several strategies have been
employed to manage the interest rate risk inherent in the asset/liability mix, including but not limited to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | maintaining the diversity of our existing loan portfolio through residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | emphasizing investments with an expected average duration of five years or less; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | when appropriate, using interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate position of the balance sheet. |
In 2025, cash flows from
deposit inflows were used to fund loan growth. During 2025, the Company experienced net loan growth in residential real estate
loans, commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loans. The Company’s long-term focus continues to be on
growing commercial loans that present the appropriate levels of risk and return. Commercial loans typically have variable interest
rates and shorter maturities than residential loans.
The actual amount of
time before loans are repaid can be significantly affected by changes in market interest rates. Prepayment rates will also vary
due to a number of other factors, including the regional economy in the area where the loans were originated, seasonal factors,
demographic variables and the assumability of the loans. However, the major factors affecting prepayment rates are prevailing interest
rates, related financing opportunities and competition. We monitor interest rate sensitivity so that we can adjust our asset and
liability mix in a timely manner and minimize the negative effects of changing rates.
The Company’s liquidity
sources are vulnerable to various uncertainties beyond our control. Loan amortization and investment cash flows are a relatively
stable source of funds, while loan and investment prepayments and calls, as well as deposit flows vary widely in reaction to market
conditions, primarily prevailing interest rates. Asset sales are influenced by pledging activities, general market interest rates
and unforeseen market conditions. Our financial condition is affected by our ability to borrow at attractive rates, retain deposits
at market rates and other market conditions. We consider our sources of liquidity to be adequate to meet expected funding needs
and also to be responsive to changing interest rate markets.
Interest Rate Risk.
Interest rate risk represents
the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams
associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary component of our earnings.
ALCO utilizes the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income
to sustained interest rate changes. While ALCO routinely monitors simulated net interest income sensitivity over a rolling two-year
horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The simulation model
captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning
assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated balance sheet, as well as for derivative financial instruments.
This sensitivity analysis is compared to ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure
over a one and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth.
79
The repricing and/or new rates of assets
and liabilities moved in tandem with market rates. However, in certain deposit products, the use of data from a historical analysis
indicated that the rates on these products would move only a fraction of the rate change amount. Pertinent data from each loan
account, deposit account and investment security was used to calculate future cash flows. The data included such items as maturity
date, payment amount, next repricing date, repricing frequency, repricing index, repricing spread, caps and floors. Prepayment
speed assumptions were based upon the difference between the account rate and the current market rate. We also evaluate changes
in interest rate sensitivity under various scenarios including but not limited to nonparallel shifts in the yield curve, variances
in prepayment speeds and variances to correlations of instrument rates to market indexes.
The table below shows
our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflecting the following changes to net interest income for the first and second years
of the simulation model. The analysis assumes no balance sheet growth, a parallel shift in interest rates, and all rate changes
were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder of the simulation
horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changes in Interest Rates | At December 31, 2025 | At December 31, 2024 | ||||||
| 1 – 12 Months | ||||||||
| UP 200 basis points | -4.0 | % | -4.4 | % | ||||
| DOWN 200 basis points | 4.2 | % | 3.9 | % | ||||
| 13 – 24 Months | ||||||||
| UP 200 basis points | 3.3 | % | 7.5 | % | ||||
| DOWN 200 basis points | 15.8 | % | 24.6 | % |
The preceding sensitivity analysis does
not represent a forecast of net interest income, nor do the calculations represent any actions that management may undertake in
response to changes in interest rates. They should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These
hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature and timing of interest rate levels,
yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits and reinvestment/replacement
of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, we
cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences
might change.
Periodically, if deemed appropriate, we
may use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to hedge our interest rate exposure
to interest rate movements. The Board has approved hedging policy statements governing the use of these instruments. These interest
rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and involve the receipt of variable rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange
for our making fixed payments.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements.
Refer to Note 1 to our consolidated financial
statements for a summary of the recent accounting pronouncements.
80
Impact of Inflation
and Changing Prices.
The Company’s consolidated
financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP generally requires the measurement
of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without consideration for changes in the relative purchasing
power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of our operations. Unlike
industrial companies, our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature. As a result, changes in market interest rates
have a greater impact on performance than do the effects of inflation.
MD&A history
Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. The latest 10-K appears above; prior years are below.
FY 2024 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001839882-25-014778.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto,
each appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Management’s discussion focuses on 2024 results compared to
2023. For a discussion of 2023 results compared to 2022, refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K, which
was filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024.
Overview.
We
strive to remain a leader in meeting the financial service needs of the local community and to provide quality service to the
individuals and businesses in the market areas that we have served since 1853. Historically, we have been a community-oriented
provider of traditional banking products and services to business organizations and individuals, including products such as residential
and commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and a variety of deposit products. We meet the needs of our local community through
a community-based and service-oriented approach to banking.
We
have adopted a growth-oriented strategy that continues to focus on increasing commercial lending and residential lending. Our
strategy also calls for increasing deposit relationships, specifically core deposits, and broadening our product lines and services.
We believe that this business strategy is best for our long-term success and viability, and complements our existing commitment
to high quality customer service.
In
connection with our overall growth strategy, we seek to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Increase market share and achieve scale to improve the Company’s profitability and efficiency and return value to shareholders; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow the Company’s commercial loan portfolio and related commercial deposits by targeting businesses in our primary market area of Hampden County and Hampshire County in western Massachusetts and Hartford and Tolland Counties in northern Connecticut to increase the net interest margin and loan income; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Supplement the commercial portfolio by growing the residential real estate portfolio to diversify the loan portfolio and deepen customer relationships; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Focus on expanding our retail banking deposit franchise and increase the number of households served within our designated market area; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Invest in people, systems and technology to grow revenue, improve efficiency and enhance the overall customer experience; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow revenues, increase book value per share and tangible book value, pay competitive dividends to shareholders and utilize the Company’s stock repurchase plan to leverage our capital and enhance franchise value; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Consider growth through acquisitions. We may pursue expansion opportunities in existing or adjacent strategic locations with companies that add complementary products to our existing business and at terms that add value to our existing shareholders. |
You
should read the following financial results for the year ended December 31, 2024 in the context of this strategy.
57
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, net income was $11.7 million, or $0.56 diluted earnings per share, compared to net
income of $15.1 million, or $0.70 diluted earnings per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The results for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2024 showed decreases in net interest income and the provision for credit losses, as well as
increases in non-interest income and non-interest expense.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, net interest income decreased $8.1 million, or 11.9%, to $59.8 million, compared to
$67.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in net interest income was primarily due to an increase
in interest expense of $16.8 million, or 50.6%, partially offset by an increase in interest and dividend income of $8.7 million,
or 8.6%.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a reversal of credit losses of $665,000, compared to a provision
for credit losses of $872,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in reserves was primarily due to
changes in the economic environment and related adjustments to the quantitative components of the CECL methodology.
General.
Our
consolidated results of operations depend primarily on net interest and dividend income. Net interest and dividend income is the
difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
Interest-earning assets consist primarily of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, residential real estate
loans and securities. Interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of time deposits and money market accounts, demand deposits,
savings accounts and borrowings from the FHLB. The consolidated results of operations also depend on the provision for loan losses,
non-interest income, and non-interest expense. Non-interest income includes service fees and charges, income on bank-owned life
insurance, gains (losses) on sales of mortgages, gains (losses) on non-marketable equity investments and gains (losses) on securities.
Non-interest expense includes salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expenses, data processing, advertising expense, FDIC insurance
assessment, professional fees and other general and administrative expenses.
Critical
Accounting Policies.
Our
accounting policies are disclosed in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements. Given our current business strategy and
asset/liability structure, the more critical policy is the allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses. In addition
to the informational disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, our policy on this accounting policy is
described in detail in the applicable sections of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations.” Senior management has discussed the development and selection of this accounting policy
and the related disclosures with the Audit Committee of the Board.
The
allowance for credit losses is an estimate of expected losses inherent within the Company’s existing loans held for investment
portfolio. The allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment, as reported in our consolidated balance sheet, is adjusted
by a credit loss expense, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries. Accrued
interest receivable on loans held for investment was $7.4 million at December 31, 2024 and is excluded from the estimate of credit
losses.
This
evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change. The credit
loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of loan portfolio segments, which
consist of commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans. These
segments are further disaggregated into loan classes, the level at which credit risk is monitored. For each of these pools, the
Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment
speed, curtailments, time to recovery, probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds,
curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical internal data. The quantitative component of the ACL on loans
is model-based and utilizes a forward-looking macroeconomic forecast. For commercial real estate loans, residential real estate
loans, and commercial and industrial loans, the Company uses a discounted cash flow method, incorporating probability of default
and loss given default forecasted based on statistically derived economic variable loss drivers, to estimate expected credit losses.
This process includes estimates which involve modeling loss projections attributable to existing loan balances, and considering
historical experience, current conditions, and future expectations for pools of loans over a reasonable and supportable forecast
period. The historical information either experienced by the Company or by a selection of peer banks, when appropriate, is derived
from a combination of recessionary and non-recessionary performance periods for which data is available. The expected loss estimates
for the consumer loan segment are based on historical loss rates using the WARM method.
58
Although
management believes it has established and maintained the allowance for credit losses at adequate levels for the current economic
environment and supportable forecast period, if management’s assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect due to changes
in the economic environment and related adjustments to the quantitative components of the CECL methodology, and the allowance
for credit losses is not adequate to absorb forecasted losses, our earnings and capital could be significantly and adversely affected.
Analysis
of Net Interest Income.
The
Company’s earnings are largely dependent on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on
loans and investments and the cost of funding (primarily deposits and borrowings). Net interest income expressed as a percentage
of average interest-earning assets is referred to as net interest margin. For more information regarding the Company’s use
of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
Average
Balance Sheet.
The
following table sets forth information relating to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The average
yields and costs are derived by dividing interest income or interest expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets
or interest-bearing liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. Average balances are derived from average daily balances.
The yields include fees which are considered adjustments to yields. Loan interest and yield data does not include any accrued
interest from non-accruing loans.
59
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Average Yield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | Interest | Cost | Balance | Interest | Cost | Balance | Interest | Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1)(2) | $ | 2,035,149 | $ | 99,369 | 4.88 | % | $ | 2,006,166 | $ | 91,640 | 4.57 | % | $ | 1,953,527 | $ | 77,758 | 3.98 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities(2) | 357,631 | 8,649 | 2.42 | 368,201 | 8,371 | 2.27 | 407,444 | 8,299 | 2.04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 14,669 | 687 | 4.68 | 12,425 | 558 | 4.49 | 10,289 | 177 | 1.72 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments(3) | 33,254 | 1,598 | 4.81 | 20,459 | 1,021 | 4.99 | 25,712 | 191 | 0.74 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 2,440,703 | 110,303 | 4.52 | 2,407,251 | 101,590 | 4.22 | 2,396,972 | 86,425 | 3.61 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-earning assets | 155,056 | 155,511 | 152,941 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,595,759 | $ | 2,562,762 | $ | 2,549,913 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | $ | 136,861 | 1,022 | 0.75 | $ | 142,005 | 1,041 | 0.73 | $ | 139,993 | 530 | 0.38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 182,678 | 166 | 0.09 | 202,354 | 181 | 0.09 | 222,267 | 161 | 0.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 631,197 | 12,242 | 1.94 | 697,621 | 9,529 | 1.37 | 890,763 | 3,187 | 0.36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 666,917 | 28,806 | 4.32 | 524,827 | 15,898 | 3.03 | 363,258 | 1,474 | 0.41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 1,617,653 | 42,236 | 2.61 | 1,566,807 | 26,649 | 1.70 | 1,616,281 | 5,352 | 0.33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings and long-term debt | 155,560 | 7,779 | 5.00 | 135,532 | 6,560 | 4.84 | 31,556 | 1,344 | 4.26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | 1,773,213 | 50,015 | 2.82 | 1,702,339 | 33,209 | 1.95 | 1,647,837 | 6,696 | 0.41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing deposits | 561,264 | 602,652 | 647,971 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-interest-bearing liabilities | 24,541 | 24,885 | 35,615 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-bearing liabilities | 585,805 | 627,537 | 683,586 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 2,359,018 | 2,329,876 | 2,331,423 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 236,741 | 232,886 | 218,490 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 2,595,759 | $ | 2,562,762 | $ | 2,549,913 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Tax-equivalent adjustment(2) | (471 | ) | (472 | ) | (497 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend income | $ | 59,817 | $ | 67,909 | $ | 79,232 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread(4) | 1.68 | % | 2.25 | % | 3.18 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis(5) | 1.70 | % | 2.27 | % | 3.20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin(6) | 2.45 | % | 2.82 | % | 3.31 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis(7) | 2.47 | % | 2.84 | % | 3.33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | 137.64 | % | 141.41 | % | 145.46 | % |
60
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Loans, including nonperforming loans, are net of deferred loan origination costs and unadvanced funds. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Loan and securities income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2024, 2023 and 2022. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income to agree to the amount reported on the consolidated statements of net income. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (3) | Short-term investments include federal funds sold. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (4) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (5) | Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents the difference between the tax-equivalent weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the tax-equivalent weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (6) | Net interest margin represents net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (7) | Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” |
61
Rate/Volume
Analysis.
The
following table shows how changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities have affected our interest and dividend income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided
in each category with respect to: (1) interest income changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied
by prior rate); (2) interest income changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and
(3) the net change.
The
changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume
and the changes due to rate.
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023 | Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to | Increase (Decrease) Due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | (Dollars in thousands) | (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (1) | $ | 1,323 | $ | 6,406 | $ | 7,729 | $ | 2,095 | $ | 11,787 | $ | 13,882 | ||||||||||||
| Investment securities (1) | (240 | ) | 518 | 278 | (799 | ) | 871 | 72 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 101 | 28 | 129 | 37 | 344 | 381 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | 639 | (62 | ) | 577 | (39 | ) | 869 | 830 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 1,823 | 6,890 | 8,713 | 1,294 | 13,871 | 15,165 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | (39 | ) | 20 | (19 | ) | 8 | 503 | 511 | ||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | (18 | ) | 3 | (15 | ) | (14 | ) | 34 | 20 | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | (907 | ) | 3,620 | 2,713 | (691 | ) | 7,033 | 6,342 | ||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 4,304 | 8,604 | 12,908 | 656 | 13,768 | 14,424 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowing and long-term debt | 969 | 250 | 1,219 | 4,428 | 788 | 5,216 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 4,309 | 12,497 | 16,806 | 4,387 | 22,126 | 26,513 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Change in net interest and dividend income | $ | (2,486 | ) | $ | (5,607 | ) | $ | (8,093 | ) | $ | (3,093 | ) | $ | (8,255 | ) | $ | (11,348 | ) |
(1)
Securities and loan income and net interest income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2024, 2023
and 2022. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest income to agree to the amount reported in
the consolidated statements of net income. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
62
Explanation
of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.
We
believe that it is common practice in the banking industry to present interest income and related yield information on tax-exempt
loans and securities on a tax-equivalent basis and that such information is useful to investors because it facilitates comparisons
among financial institutions. However, the adjustment of interest income and yields on tax-exempt loans and securities to a tax-equivalent
amount is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation from GAAP to non-GAAP is provided below.
| For the twelve months ended | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/31/2024 | 12/31/2023 | 12/31/2022 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Loans (no tax adjustment) | $ | 98,898 | $ | 91,169 | $ | 77,264 | ||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 471 | 471 | 494 | |||||||||
| Loans (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 99,369 | $ | 91,640 | $ | 77,758 | ||||||
| Securities (no tax adjustment) | $ | 8,649 | $ | 8,370 | $ | 8,296 | ||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | — | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
| Securities (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 8,649 | $ | 8,371 | $ | 8,299 | ||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 59,817 | $ | 67,909 | $ | 79,232 | ||||||
| Tax equivalent adjustment (1) | 471 | 472 | 497 | |||||||||
| Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 60,288 | $ | 68,381 | $ | 79,729 | ||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 59,817 | $ | 67,909 | $ | 79,232 | ||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Fair value hedge interest income | 1,398 | 1,085 | — | |||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income (non-GAAP) | $ | 58,419 | $ | 66,824 | $ | 79,232 | ||||||
| Average interest-earning assets | $ | 2,440,703 | $ | 2,407,251 | $ | 2,396,972 | ||||||
| Net interest margin (no tax adjustment) | 2.45 | % | 2.82 | % | 3.31 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin, tax-equivalent | 2.47 | % | 2.84 | % | 3.33 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted net interest margin, excluding fair value hedge interest income (non-GAAP) | 2.39 | % | 2.77 | % | 3.31 | % |
63
| At or for the twelve months ended | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/31/2024 | 12/31/2023 | 12/31/2022 | ||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Book Value per Share (GAAP) | $ | 11.30 | $ | 10.96 | $ | 10.27 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | (0.60 | ) | (0.58 | ) | (0.56 | ) | ||||||
| Core deposit intangible | (0.07 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.10 | ) | ||||||
| Tangible Book Value per Share (non-GAAP) | $ | 10.63 | $ | 10.30 | $ | 9.61 | ||||||
| Adjusted Efficiency Ratio: | ||||||||||||
| Non-interest Expense (GAAP) | $ | 58,428 | $ | 58,350 | $ | 57,235 | ||||||
| Net Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 59,817 | $ | 67,909 | $ | 79,232 | ||||||
| Non-interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 12,903 | $ | 10,897 | $ | 13,332 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of premises and equipment | 6 | 3 | — | |||||||||
| Loss on securities, net | — | — | 4 | |||||||||
| Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable equity securities | (13 | ) | 1 | 717 | ||||||||
| Gain on bank-owned life insurance death benefit | — | (778 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Gain on non-marketable equity investments | (1,287 | ) | (590 | ) | (422 | ) | ||||||
| Loss (gain) on defined benefit plan termination | — | 1,143 | (2,807 | ) | ||||||||
| Non-interest Income for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 11,609 | $ | 10,676 | $ | 10,824 | ||||||
| Total Revenue for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 71,426 | $ | 78,585 | $ | 90,056 | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (GAAP) | 80.35 | % | 74.04 | % | 61.83 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (Non-interest Expense (GAAP)/Total Revenue for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)) | 81.80 | % | 74.25 | % | 63.55 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | The tax equivalent adjustment is based upon a 21% tax rate for 2024, 2023 and 2022. |
64
Comparison
of Financial Condition at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
At
December 31, 2024, total assets were $2.7 billion, an increase of $88.5 million, or 3.5%, from December 31, 2023. The balance
sheet composition and changes since December 31, 2023 are discussed below.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents.
Cash
and cash equivalents is comprised of cash on hand and amounts due from banks, interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions
and federal funds sold. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $66.5 million, or 2.5% of total assets, at December 31, 2024 and $28.8
million, or 1.1% of total assets, at December 31, 2023. Balances in cash and cash equivalents will fluctuate due primarily to
the timing of net deposit flows, borrowing and loan inflows and outflows, investment purchases and maturities, calls and sales
proceeds, and the immediate liquidity needs of the Company.
Investments.
At
December 31, 2024, the investment securities portfolio totaled $366.1 million, or 13.8% of total assets, compared to $360.7 million,
or 14.1% of total assets, at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio,
recorded at fair market value, increased $23.6 million, or 17.2%, from $137.1 million at December 31, 2023 to $160.7 million.
The held-to-maturity securities portfolio, recorded at amortized cost, decreased $18.4 million, or 8.2%, from $223.4 million at
December 31, 2023 to $205.0 million at December 31, 2024.
At
December 31, 2024, the Company reported unrealized losses on the available-for-sale securities portfolio of $31.2 million, or
16.2% of the amortized cost basis of the available-for-sale securities portfolio, compared to unrealized losses of $29.2 million,
or 17.5% of the amortized cost basis of the available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, the Company
reported unrealized losses on the held-to-maturity securities portfolio of $39.4 million, or 19.2% of the amortized cost basis
of the held-to-maturity securities portfolio, compared to $35.7 million, or 16.0% of the amortized cost basis of the held-to-maturity
securities portfolio at December 31, 2023.
The
Bank is required to purchase FHLB stock at par value in association with advances from the FHLB. The stock is classified as a
restricted investment and carried at cost which management believes approximates fair value. The Company’s investment in
FHLB capital stock amounted to $5.4 million and $3.2 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
At
December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company held $423,000 of Atlantic Community Bankers Bank stock. The stock is restricted and carried
in other assets at cost. The stock is evaluated for impairment based on an estimate of the ultimate recovery to the par value.
Loans.
At
December 31, 2024, total loans increased by $42.9 million, or 2.1%, from December 31, 2023, to $2.1 billion. The increase in total
loans was due to an increase in residential real estate loans, including home equity loans, of $53.5 million, or 7.4%, partially
offset by a decrease in commercial real estate loans of $4.0 million, or 0.4%, a decrease in commercial and industrial loans of
$5.7 million, or 2.7% and a decrease in consumer loans of $1.1 million, or 19.8%.
Management
continues to closely monitor the loan portfolio for any signs of deterioration in borrowers’ financial condition and also
in light of speculation that commercial real estate values may deteriorate as the market continues to adjust to higher vacancies
and interest rates. We continue to proactively take steps to mitigate risk in our loan portfolio.
Total
delinquency was $5.0 million, or 0.24% of total loans, at December 31, 2024, compared to $6.0 million, or 0.30% of total loans
at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, nonperforming loans totaled $5.4 million, or 0.26% of total loans, compared to $6.4
million, or 0.32% of total loans, at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no loans 90 or
more days past due and still accruing interest. Total nonperforming assets totaled $5.4 million, or 0.20% of total assets, at
December 31, 2024, compared to $6.4 million, or 0.25% of total assets, at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024 and December
31, 2023, the Company did not have any other real estate owned. At December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses was $19.5
million, or 0.94% of total loans and 362.9% of nonperforming loans, compared to $20.3 million, or 1.00% of total loans and 315.6%
of nonperforming loans, at December 31, 2023. Total criticized loans, defined as special mention and substandard loans, decreased
$1.1 million, or 2.8%, from $39.5 million, or 1.9% of total loans, at December 31, 2023 to $38.4 million, or 1.9% of total loans,
at December 31, 2024. A summary of our past due and nonperforming loans by class is listed in Note 5 of the accompanying unaudited
consolidated financial statements.
65
Our
commercial real estate portfolio is comprised of diversified property types and primarily within our geographic footprint. At
December 31, 2024, the commercial real estate portfolio totaled $1.1 billion, and represented 52.0% of total loans. Of the $1.1
billion, $880.8 million, or 81.9%, was categorized as non-owner occupied commercial real estate and represented 325.2% of the
bank’s total risk-based capital.
The
Company’s commercial real estate loans are considered to be relatively diversified by borrower, industry and concentrated
in the New England geographical area. A significant portion of the loan portfolio consists of commercial real estate loans, primarily
made in Massachusetts, and to a lesser degree, Connecticut, and secured by real estate or other collateral in the market. Although
these loans are made to a diversified pool of unrelated borrowers across numerous businesses, adverse developments in the local
real estate market could have an adverse impact on this portfolio of loans and the Company’s income and financial position.
While our basic market area is in Massachusetts, the Company has made loans outside that market area where the applicant is an
existing customer, and the nature and quality of such loans was consistent with the Company’s lending policies.
We
continuously monitor the asset quality of our loan portfolio. For the commercial portfolio, we monitor credit quality using a
risk rating scale, which assigns a risk-grade to each borrower based on a number of quantitative and qualitative factors associated
with a commercial loan transaction. Management utilizes a loan risk rating methodology based on an 8-point scale. Pass grades
are 0-4 and non-pass categories, which align with regulatory guidelines, include: special mention (5), substandard (6), doubtful
(7) and loss (8). Risk rating assignment is determined by analyzing key factors, which may include: industry and market conditions,
position within the industry, earnings trends, operating cash flow, debt capacity, guarantor strength, management, financial reporting,
collateral and other considerations.
CRE
Concentrations.
The
OCC, the FRB, and the FDIC (“Agencies”) issued
guidance in 2006 which addresses institutions with increased concentrations of commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans.
The guidance does not establish specific CRE lending limits; rather, it promotes sound risk management practices and appropriate
levels of capital that will enable institutions to continue to pursue CRE lending in a safe and sound manner. In developing this
guidance, the Agencies recognized that different types of CRE lending present different levels of risk, and that consideration
should be given to the lower risk profiles and historically superior performance of certain types of CRE, such as well-structured
multifamily housing finance, when compared to others, such as speculative office space construction.
Institutions
are encouraged to segment their CRE portfolios to acknowledge these distinctions for risk management purposes. The guidance focuses
on those CRE loans for which the cash flow from the real estate is the primary source of repayment rather than loans to a borrower
for which real estate collateral is taken as a secondary source of repayment or through an abundance of caution. Thus, for the
purposes of the guidance, CRE loans include those loans with risk profiles sensitive to the condition of the general CRE market
(for example, market demand, changes in capitalization rates, vacancy rates, or rents). CRE loans are land development and construction
loans (including 1- to 4-family residential and commercial construction loans) and other land loans. CRE loans also include loans
secured by multifamily property, and nonfarm nonresidential property where the primary source of repayment is derived from rental
income associated with the property (that is, loans for which 50 percent or more of the source of repayment comes from third party,
nonaffiliated, rental income) or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing, or permanent financing of the property. Excluded from
the scope of this Guidance are loans secured by nonfarm nonresidential properties where the primary source of repayment is the
cashflow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the party, or affiliate of the party, who owns the property.
As
part of their ongoing supervisory monitoring processes, the Agencies use certain criteria to identify institutions that are potentially
exposed to significant CRE concentration risk. An institution that has experienced rapid growth in CRE lending, has notable exposure
to a specific type of CRE, or is approaching or exceeds the following supervisory criteria may be identified for further supervisory
analysis of the level and nature of its CRE concentration risk:
66
1.
Total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land represent 100 percent or more of the institution’s
total risk-based capital; or
2.
Total commercial real estate loans as defined in this guidance represent 300 percent or more of the institution’s total
risk-based capital, and the outstanding balance of the institution’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased
by 50 percent or more during the prior 36 months.
The
Agencies use the criteria as a preliminary step to identify institutions that may have CRE concentration risk. Because regulatory
reports capture a broad range of CRE loans with varying risk characteristics, the supervisory monitoring criteria do not constitute
limits on an institution’s lending activity but rather serve as high-level indicators to identify institutions potentially
exposed to CRE concentration risk.
The
Company holds a concentration in commercial real estate loans. As of December 31, 2024, construction, land development and other
land loans represented 37.9% of consolidated bank risk-based capital. During the prior 36 months, the Company has experienced
an increase in its commercial real estate portfolio of 16.1%.
The
management team has extensive experience in underwriting commercial real estate loans and has implemented and continues to maintain
heightened risk management procedures and strong underwriting criteria with respect to its commercial real estate portfolio. The
Board has established internal maximum limits on CRE as an asset class overall as well as sub limits within CRE by property class,
to better manage and control the exposure to property classes during periods of changing economic conditions. The Board also has
minimum targets for regulatory capital ratios that are in excess of well capitalized ratios.
Our
risk management process begins with a robust underwriting program. The underwriting and risk rating of all loans is completed
by the Company’s Credit Department that is independent of the originating lender(s).
At
December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, non-owner and owner occupied commercial real estate loans, totaled $1.1 billion, or 52.0%,
of total gross loans, and $1.1 billion, or 53.3%, of total gross loans, respectively.
The
table below breaks down the commercial real estate portfolio outstanding balance by non-owner and owner occupied and by concentration
as of December 31, 2024:
| Property Type | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of CRE Portfolio | % of Total Loans | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office Portfolio | $ | 177,102 | $ | 23,013 | $ | 200,115 | 18.6 | % | 9.7 | % | 73.9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Apartment | 179,874 | — | 179,874 | 16.7 | % | 8.7 | % | 66.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 116,663 | 51,618 | 168,281 | 15.6 | % | 8.1 | % | 62.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Retail | 109,936 | 7,105 | 117,041 | 10.9 | % | 5.7 | % | 43.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 37,231 | 30,471 | 67,702 | 6.3 | % | 3.3 | % | 25.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 71,226 | 6,402 | 77,628 | 7.2 | % | 3.8 | % | 28.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Hotel/Hospitality | 43,133 | — | 43,133 | 4.0 | % | 2.1 | % | 15.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 2,705 | 36,554 | 39,259 | 3.6 | % | 1.9 | % | 14.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | 31,635 | 6,119 | 37,754 | 3.5 | % | 1.8 | % | 13.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 33,765 | 329 | 34,094 | 3.2 | % | 1.6 | % | 12.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 22,047 | — | 22,047 | 2.0 | % | 1.1 | % | 8.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 20,942 | 10,045 | 30,987 | 2.9 | % | 1.5 | % | 11.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 23,193 | 7,518 | 30,711 | 2.9 | % | 1.5 | % | 11.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 11,376 | 15,730 | 27,106 | 2.5 | % | 1.3 | % | 10.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | $ | 880,828 | $ | 194,904 | $ | 1,075,732 | 100.0 | % | 52.0 | % | 397.1 | % | ||||||||||||
| % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (1) | 325.2 | % | 71.9 | % | 397.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| % of Total CRE loans | 81.9 | % | 18.1 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
67
The
table below breaks down the commercial real estate portfolio outstanding balance by non-owner and owner occupied and by
concentration as of December 31, 2023:
| Property Type (1) | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of CRE Portfolio | % of Total Loans | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (2) | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office | $ | 183,838 | $ | 32,327 | $ | 216,165 | 20.0 | % | 10.7 | % | 79.6 | % | ||||||||||||
| Apartment | 176,082 | — | 176,082 | 16.3 | % | 8.7 | % | 64.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Retail | 111,091 | 8,005 | 119,096 | 11.0 | % | 5.9 | % | 43.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 98,594 | 53,228 | 151,822 | 14.1 | % | 7.5 | % | 55.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 73,516 | 6,121 | 79,637 | 7.4 | % | 3.9 | % | 29.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 46,245 | 28,539 | 74,784 | 7.0 | % | 3.7 | % | 27.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Hotel/Hospitality | 44,630 | — | 44,630 | 4.1 | % | 2.2 | % | 16.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | 32,404 | — | 32,404 | 3.0 | % | 1.6 | % | 11.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 31,551 | 440 | 31,991 | 3.0 | % | 1.6 | % | 11.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 19,724 | — | 19,724 | 1.8 | % | 1.0 | % | 7.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 24,524 | 8,438 | 32,962 | 3.1 | % | 1.6 | % | 12.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 23,978 | 10,742 | 34,720 | 3.2 | % | 1.7 | % | 12.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 12,642 | 11,584 | 24,226 | 2.2 | % | 1.2 | % | 8.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 2,824 | 38,684 | 41,508 | 3.8 | % | 2.0 | % | 15.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total commercial real estate | $ | 881,643 | $ | 198,108 | $ | 1,079,751 | 100.0 | % | 53.3 | % | 397.8 | % | ||||||||||||
| % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (1) | 324.8 | % | 73.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| % of Total CRE loans | 81.7 | % | 18.3 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | December 31, 2023 property types have been reclassified for consistency with December 31, 2024 information. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
At
December 31, 2024, of the $1.1 billion in commercial real estate loans, $880.8 million, or 42.6% of total loans, were categorized
as non-owner occupied and represented 325.2% of total bank risk-based capital.
The
following table further breaks down the non-owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio balances by concentration, collateral
location and weighted average loan-to-value (“LTV”) as of December 31, 2024:
| Property Type | MA | CT | NH | RI | Other | Total | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (1) | Weighted Average LTV (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apartment | $ | 114,922 | $ | 37,212 | $ | — | $ | 27,740 | $ | — | $ | 179,874 | 66.4 | % | 54.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Office | 62,554 | 62,906 | 40,237 | — | 11,405 | 177,102 | 65.4 | % | 64.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 60,192 | 35,438 | — | 14,992 | 6,041 | 116,663 | 43.1 | % | 56.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 55,555 | 23,551 | 13,752 | 6,219 | 10,859 | 109,936 | 40.6 | % | 55.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 31,899 | 21,552 | — | 13,062 | 4,713 | 71,226 | 26.3 | % | 57.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 30,449 | 5,949 | 707 | — | 126 | 37,231 | 13.7 | % | 55.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel/Hospitality | 20,813 | 22,320 | — | — | — | 43,133 | 15.9 | % | 51.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | 15,089 | 16,546 | — | — | — | 31,635 | 11.7 | % | 58.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 24,433 | 8,548 | 784 | — | — | 33,765 | 12.5 | % | 63.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 3,717 | 15,323 | 2,660 | — | 347 | 22,047 | 8.1 | % | 72.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 7,176 | 16,017 | — | — | — | 23,193 | 8.6 | % | 50.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 17,406 | 3,319 | — | — | 217 | 20,942 | 7.7 | % | 44.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 11,376 | — | — | — | — | 11,376 | 4.2 | % | 45.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 2,705 | — | — | — | — | 2,705 | 1.0 | % | 39.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Non-Owner CRE | $ | 458,286 | $ | 268,681 | $ | 58,140 | $ | 62,013 | $ | 33,708 | $ | 880,828 | 325.2 | % | 57.2 | % |
___________________
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
68
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Weighted average LTV is based on the original appraisal and the current loan exposure. |
At
December 31, 2023, of the $1.1 billion in commercial real estate loans, $881.7 million, or 43.5% of total loans, was categorized
as non-owner occupied and represented 324.8% of total risk-based capital.
The
following table further breaks down the non-owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio balances by concentration, collateral
location and weighted average LTV as of December 31, 2023.
| Property Type (1) | MA | CT | NH | RI | Other | Total | % of Total Risk-based Capital (2) | Weighted Average LTV (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | $ | 15,700 | $ | 16,704 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 32,404 | 11.9 | % | 55.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Apartment | 103,248 | 35,897 | 5,050 | 31,887 | — | 176,082 | 64.9 | % | 53.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 2,824 | — | — | — | — | 2,824 | 1.0 | % | 41.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 12,642 | — | — | — | — | 12,642 | 4.7 | % | 45.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hotel/Hospitality | 21,519 | 23,111 | — | — | — | 44,630 | 16.4 | % | 53.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 52,977 | 32,327 | — | 13,290 | — | 98,594 | 36.3 | % | 60.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 33,186 | 22,268 | — | 13,302 | 4,760 | 73,516 | 27.1 | % | 59.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Office | 65,249 | 65,685 | 41,404 | — | 11,500 | 183,838 | 67.7 | % | 66.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 56,439 | 24,582 | 12,576 | 6,363 | 11,131 | 111,091 | 40.9 | % | 57.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 12,911 | — | — | 18,640 | — | 31,551 | 11.6 | % | 52.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Student Housing | 3,803 | 15,571 | — | — | 350 | 19,724 | 7.3 | % | 69.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 7,728 | 16,796 | — | — | — | 24,524 | 9.0 | % | 52.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 20,577 | 3,401 | — | — | — | 23,978 | 8.8 | % | 40.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 38,256 | 6,949 | 735 | — | 305 | 46,245 | 17.0 | % | 60.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Non-Owner CRE | $ | 447,059 | $ | 263,291 | $ | 59,765 | $ | 83,482 | $ | 28,046 | $ | 881,643 | 324.8 | % | 58.0 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | December 31, 2023 property types have been reclassified for consistency with December 31, 2024 information. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (3) | Weighted average LTV is based on the original appraisal and the current loan exposure. |
The
Company also underwrites and originates owner occupied commercial real estate loans. These loans are typically term loans made
to support properties that rely upon the operations of the business occupying the property for repayment. The Agencies specifically
excluded owner occupied commercial real estate from their concentration guidance, as the primary source of repayment is the cash
flow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the party, or affiliate of the party, who owns the property.
The
table below depicts a well-diversified portfolio of owner occupied commercial real estate portfolio as of December 31,
2024:
| Property Type | MA | CT | NH | Other | Total | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (1) | Weighted Average LTV (2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adult Care/Assisted Living | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6,119 | $ | — | $ | 6,119 | 2.3 | % | 58.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | 29,858 | 6,696 | — | — | 36,554 | 13.5 | % | 59.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 15,730 | — | — | — | 15,730 | 5.8 | % | 66.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 42,456 | 8,594 | — | 568 | 51,618 | 19.1 | % | 52.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 5,820 | 582 | — | — | 6,402 | 2.4 | % | 53.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office | 20,477 | 2,536 | — | — | 23,013 | 8.5 | % | 57.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 7,105 | — | — | — | 7,105 | 2.6 | % | 53.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 5,358 | 2,160 | — | — | 7,518 | 2.8 | % | 56.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 329 | — | — | — | 329 | 0.1 | % | 20.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 9,671 | 374 | — | — | 10,045 | 3.7 | % | 63.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 21,773 | 7,782 | 916 | — | 30,471 | 11.2 | % | 49.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Owner Occupied CRE | $ | 158,577 | $ | 28,724 | $ | 7,035 | $ | 568 | $ | 194,904 | 72.0 | % | 56.0 | % |
69
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Weighted average LTV is based on the original appraisal and the current loan exposure. |
The
table below depicts a well-diversified portfolio of owner occupied commercial real estate as of December 31, 2023:
| Property Type (1) | MA | CT | NH | Other | Total | % of Total Risk-based Capital (2) | Weighted Average LTV (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Automotive Sales | $ | 31,568 | $ | 7,116 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 38,684 | 14.3 | % | 64.2 | % | ||||||||||||||
| School/Higher Education | 11,584 | — | — | — | 11,584 | 4.3 | % | 69.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 40,870 | 10,161 | — | 2,197 | 53,228 | 19.6 | % | 53.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mixed Use | 5,512 | 609 | — | — | 6,121 | 2.3 | % | 52.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office | 29,570 | 2,757 | — | — | 32,327 | 11.9 | % | 62.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retail | 8,005 | — | — | — | 8,005 | 2.9 | % | 47.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shopping Center | 6,202 | 2,236 | — | — | 8,438 | 3.1 | % | 57.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Self-Storage | 389 | 51 | — | — | 440 | 0.2 | % | 20.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Warehouse | 10,120 | 398 | — | 224 | 10,742 | 4.0 | % | 63.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 24,745 | 2,837 | 957 | — | 28,539 | 10.5 | % | 47.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Owner Occupied CRE | $ | 168,565 | $ | 26,165 | $ | 957 | $ | 2,421 | $ | 198,108 | 73.0 | % | 57.4 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | December 31, 2023 property types have been reclassified for consistency with December 31, 2024 information. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (3) | Weighted average LTV is based on the original appraisal and the current loan exposure. |
Commercial
Real Estate Office Exposure.
Our
total office-related commercial real estate loans (which is comprised of loans within our commercial real estate portfolio that
are secured by office space, medical office space, and mixed-use where rental income is primarily from office space) totaled $200.1
million, or 73.9% of total bank risk-based capital and $216.2 million, or 79.6% of total bank risk-based capital, as of December
31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The
table below breaks the office-related commercial real estate loans by collateral type for the periods noted:
| December 31, 2024 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Collateral Type: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Office/Medical | $ | 106,884 | $ | 10,760 | $ | 117,644 | 58.8 | % | 43.4 | % | ||||||||||
| Office/Professional Metro | 3,693 | 8,259 | 11,952 | 6.0 | % | 4.4 | % | |||||||||||||
| Office/Professional Suburban | 39,336 | 3,681 | 43,017 | 21.5 | % | 15.9 | % | |||||||||||||
| Office/Professional Urban | 27,189 | 313 | 27,502 | 13.7 | % | 10.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 177,102 | $ | 23,013 | $ | 200,115 | 100.0 | % | 73.9 | % |
70
| December 31, 2023 (1) | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (2) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Collateral Type: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Office/Medical | $ | 109,947 | $ | 21,560 | $ | 131,507 | 60.8 | % | 48.4 | % | ||||||||||
| Office/Professional Metro | 4,313 | 6,580 | 10,893 | 5.0 | % | 4.0 | % | |||||||||||||
| Office/Professional Suburban | 42,167 | 3,841 | 46,008 | 21.3 | % | 17.0 | % | |||||||||||||
| Office/Professional Urban | 27,411 | 346 | 27,757 | 12.8 | % | 10.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 183,838 | $ | 32,327 | $ | 216,165 | 100.0 | % | 79.6 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | December 31, 2023 property types have been reclassified for consistency with December 31, 2024 information. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
Office-related
CRE loans are primarily concentrated in Massachusetts, where approximately 41.5% at December 31, 2024 and 43.9%, at December 31,
2023, of the total balance of office-related CRE loans are located. The Company does not have office CRE loans secured by real
estate in greater Boston or New York.
| December 31, 2024 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| By State: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | $ | 62,554 | $ | 20,477 | $ | 83,031 | 41.5 | % | 30.7 | % | ||||||||||
| Connecticut | 62,906 | 2,536 | 65,442 | 32.7 | % | 24.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | 40,237 | — | 40,237 | 20.1 | % | 14.9 | % | |||||||||||||
| Other | 11,405 | — | 11,405 | 5.7 | % | 4.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 177,102 | $ | 23,013 | $ | 200,115 | 100.0 | % | 73.9 | % |
| December 31, 2023 (1) | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (2) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| By State: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Massachusetts | $ | 65,249 | $ | 29,570 | $ | 94,819 | 43.9 | % | 34.9 | % | ||||||||||
| Connecticut | 65,685 | 2,757 | 68,442 | 31.7 | % | 25.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| New Hampshire | 41,404 | — | 41,404 | 19.2 | % | 15.3 | % | |||||||||||||
| Other | 11,500 | — | 11,500 | 5.3 | % | 4.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 183,838 | $ | 32,327 | $ | 216,165 | 100.0 | % | 79.6 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | December 31, 2023 property types have been reclassified for consistency with December 31, 2024 information. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
The
following table sets forth the office-related CRE loans for non-owner occupied and owner occupied CRE and their credit quality
indicators as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, 2024 | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (1) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| By Risk Rating: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | $ | 169,177 | $ | 21,632 | $ | 190,809 | 95.4 | % | 70.5 | % | ||||||||||
| Special Mention | 7,925 | 724 | 8,649 | 4.3 | % | 3.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Substandard | — | 657 | 657 | 0.3 | % | 0.2 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 177,102 | $ | 23,013 | $ | 200,115 | 100.0 | % | 73.9 | % |
71
| December 31, 2023 (1) | Non-Owner Occupied | Owner Occupied | Total | % of Office Portfolio | % of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital (2) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| By Risk Rating: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pass | $ | 183,296 | $ | 31,559 | $ | 214,855 | 99.4 | % | 79.2 | % | ||||||||||
| Special Mention | 83 | 330 | 413 | 0.2 | % | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||||
| Substandard | 459 | 438 | 897 | 0.4 | % | 0.3 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total Office Portfolio | $ | 183,838 | $ | 32,327 | $ | 216,165 | 100.0 | % | 79.6 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | December 31, 2023 property types have been reclassified for consistency with December 31, 2024 information. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Due to loan classifications, the percentage of Total Bank Risk-Based Capital may differ from the call report. |
Given
prevailing market conditions such as recent sustained increases in interest rates, reduced occupancy as a result of the increase
in hybrid work arrangements post-COVID, and lower commercial real estate valuations, we carefully monitor these loans for signs
of deterioration in credit quality and other risks. Such heightened monitoring includes incremental risk management strategies
undertaken by management, including more frequent portfolio reviews, ongoing monitoring of market conditions, and additional portfolio
analysis, which may include monitoring concentration limitations, including concentrations by loan type, property type, geographic
area and with participants, where applicable, and risk diversification, tracking aggregated policy and underwriting exceptions
and stress testing the loan portfolios.
BOLI.
The
Company indirectly utilizes the earnings on BOLI to offset the cost of the Company’s benefit plans. The cash surrender value
of BOLI was $77.1 million and $75.1 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was issued by eleven insurance companies
rated investment grade or better.
Deposits.
At
December 31, 2024, total deposits increased $118.9 million, or 5.6%, from $2.1 billion at December 31, 2023 to $2.3 billion. Core
deposits, which the Company defines as all deposits except time deposits, increased $26.7 million, or 1.7%, from $1.5 billion,
or 71.5% of total deposits, at December 31, 2023, to $1.6 billion, or 68.9% of total deposits, at December 31, 2024. Non-interest-bearing
deposits decreased $14.0 million, or 2.4%, to $565.6 million, and represent 25.0% of total deposits, money market accounts increased
$27.1 million, or 4.3%, to $661.5 million, savings accounts decreased $5.8 million, or 3.1%, to $181.6 million and interest-bearing
checking accounts increased $19.3 million, or 14.7%, to $150.3 million.
Time
deposits increased $92.2 million, or 15.1%, from $611.4 million at December 31, 2023 to $703.6 million at December 31, 2024. Brokered
time deposits, which are included in time deposits, totaled $1.7 million at December 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2023. The Company
has experienced growth and movement in both money market accounts and time deposits as a result of relationship pricing, the current
interest rate environment, and customer behaviors, as opposed to time deposit specials or interest rate adjustments. We continue
our disciplined and focused approach to core relationship management and customer outreach to meet funding requirements and liquidity
needs, with an emphasis on retaining a long-term customer relationship base by competing for and retaining deposits in our local
market. At December 31, 2024, the Bank’s uninsured deposits represented 28.4% of total deposits, compared to 26.8% at December
31, 2023.
Borrowed
Funds.
At
December 31, 2024, total borrowings decreased $33.4 million, or 21.3%, from $156.5 million at December 31, 2023 to $123.1 million.
At December 31, 2024, short-term borrowings decreased $10.7 million, or 66.5%, to $5.4 million, compared to $16.1 million at December
31, 2023. Long-term borrowings decreased $22.6 million, or 18.8%, from $120.6 million at December 31, 2023 to $98.0 million at
December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, borrowings also consisted of $19.8 million and $19.7 million, respectively,
in fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes.
72
The
Company utilized the BTFP, which was created in March 2023 to enhance banking system liquidity by allowing institutions to pledge
certain securities at par value and borrow at a rate of ten basis points over the one-year overnight index swap rate. The BTFP
was available to federally insured depository institutions in the U.S., with advances having a term of up to one year with no
prepayment penalties. The BTFP ceased extending new advances in March 2024. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s outstanding
balance under the BTFP was $90.0 million. There was no outstanding balance under the BTFP at December 31, 2024.
As
of December 31, 2024, the Company had $464.1 million of additional borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Bank, $382.9 million
of additional borrowing capacity under the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window and $25.0 million of other unsecured lines of
credit with correspondent banks.
Shareholders’
Equity.
At
December 31, 2024, shareholders’ equity was $235.9 million, or 8.9% of total assets, compared to $237.4 million, or 9.3%
of total assets, at December 31, 2023. The change was primarily attributable to an increase in accumulated other comprehensive
loss of $1.5 million, cash dividends paid of $5.9 million, repurchase of shares at a cost of $7.8 million, partially offset by
net income of $11.7 million. At December 31, 2024, total shares outstanding were 20,875,713.
The
Company’s book value per share was $11.30 at December 31, 2024, compared to $10.96 at December 31, 2023, while tangible
book value per share, a non-GAAP financial measure, increased $0.33, or 3.2%, from $10.30 at December 31, 2023 to $10.63 at December
31, 2024. Tangible book value is a Non-GAAP measure. For more information regarding the Company’s use of Non-GAAP financial
measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s
and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios continued to exceed the levels required to be considered “well-capitalized”
under federal banking regulations.
Assets
under Management.
Total
assets under management include loans serviced for others and investment assets under management. Loans serviced for others and
investment assets under management are not carried as assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, and as such, total
assets under management is not a financial measurement recognized under GAAP, however, management believes its disclosure provides
information useful in understanding the trends in total assets under management.
The
Company provides a wide range of investment advisory and wealth management services through Westfield Investment Services through
LPL Financial, a third-party broker-dealer. Investment assets under management increased $27.2 million, or 15.8%, to $199.3 million
as of December 31, 2024, from $172.1 million as of December 31, 2023.
Comparison
of Operating Results for Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
General.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported net income of $11.7 million, or $0.56 per diluted share, compared
to $15.1 million, or $0.70 per diluted share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Net interest income decreased $8.1
million, or 11.9%, provision for credit losses decreased $1.5 million, non-interest income increased $2.0 million, or 18.4%, and
non-interest expense increased $78,000, or 0.1%, during the same period in 2023. Return on average assets and return on average
equity were 0.45% and 4.93% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, respectively, compared to 0.59% and 6.47% for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2023, respectively.
Net
Interest Income and Net Interest Margin.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, net interest income decreased $8.1 million, or 11.9%, to $59.8 million, compared to
$67.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in net interest income was primarily due to an increase
in interest expense of $16.8 million, or 50.6%, partially offset by an increase in interest and dividend income of $8.7 million,
or 8.6%.
73
The
net interest margin for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was 2.45%, compared to 2.82% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2023. The net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, was 2.47% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared
to 2.84% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
The
average yield on interest-earning assets, without the impact of tax-equivalent adjustments, increased 30 basis points from 4.20%
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 to 4.50% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The average yield on loans,
without the impact of tax-equivalent adjustments, increased 32 basis points from 4.54% for the twelve months ended December 31,
2023 to 4.86% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, average interest-earning
assets increased $33.5 million, or 1.4%, to $2.4 billion, compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, primarily due
to an increase in average loans of $29.0 million, or 1.4%, an increase in average short-term investments, consisting of cash and
cash equivalents, of $12.8 million, or 62.5%, and an increase in average other investments of $2.2 million, or 18.1%, partially
offset by a decrease in average securities of $10.6 million, or 2.9%.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the average cost of funds, including non-interest-bearing demand accounts and borrowings,
increased 70 basis points from 1.44% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 to 2.14%. For the twelve months ended December
31, 2024, the average cost of core deposits, including non-interest-bearing demand deposits, increased 24 basis points from 0.65%
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, to 0.89%. The average cost of time deposits increased 129 basis points from 3.03%
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 to 4.32% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The average cost of borrowings,
which include borrowings and subordinated debt, increased 16 basis points from 4.84% for the twelve months ended December 31,
2023 to 5.00% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, average demand deposits, an interest-free source of funds, decreased $41.4 million,
or 6.9%, from $602.7 million, or 27.8% of total average deposits, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, to $561.3 million,
or 25.8% of total average deposits.
Provision
for Credit Losses.
The
credit loss estimation process involves procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of loan portfolio segments,
which consist of commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans.
These segments are further disaggregated into loan classes, the level at which credit risk is monitored. For each of these pools,
the Company generates cash flow projections at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment
speed, curtailments, time to recovery, probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds,
curtailment rates, and time to recovery are based on historical internal data. The quantitative component of the ACL on loans
is model-based and utilizes a forward-looking macroeconomic forecast. The Company uses a discounted cash flow method, incorporating
probability of default and loss given default forecasted based on statistically derived economic variable loss drivers, to estimate
expected credit losses. This process includes estimates which involve modeling loss projections attributable to existing loan
balances, and considering historical experience, current conditions, and future expectations for pools of loans over a reasonable
and supportable forecast period. The historical information either experienced by the Company or by a selection of peer banks,
when appropriate, is derived from a combination of recessionary and non-recessionary performance periods for which data is available.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a reversal of credit losses of $665,000, compared to a provision
for credit losses of $872,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in reserves was primarily due to
changes in the economic environment and related adjustments to the quantitative components of the CECL methodology. During the
twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded net recoveries of $87,000, compared to net charge-offs of $2.0 million
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The charge-offs during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 were related to
one commercial relationship acquired in October 2016 from Chicopee Bancorp, Inc. Specifically, the Company recorded a $1.9 million
charge-off on the acquired commercial relationship, which represented the non-accretable credit mark that was required to be grossed-up
to the loan’s amortized cost basis with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses under the CECL implementation.
The
decrease in the provision for credit losses was primarily due to changes in the loan mix as well as economic environment and related
adjustments to the quantitative components of the CECL methodology. The provision for credit losses was determined by a number
of factors: the continued strong credit performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, changes in the loan portfolio mix and
Management’s consideration of existing economic conditions and the economic outlook from the Federal Reserve’s actions
to control inflation. Management continues to monitor macroeconomic variables related to increasing interest rates, inflation
and the concerns of an economic downturn, and believes it is appropriately reserved for the current economic environment.
74
Although
management believes it has established and maintained the allowance for credit losses at appropriate levels for the current economic
environment and supportable forecast period, future adjustments may be necessary if economic, real estate and other conditions
differ substantially from the current operating environment.
Non-Interest
Income.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, non-interest income increased $2.0 million, or 18.4%, from $10.9 million for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2023 to $12.9 million. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a non-recurring
final termination expense of $1.1 million related to the defined benefit pension plan termination. During the twelve months ended,
December 31, 2023, the Company also recorded a non-taxable gain of $778,000 on BOLI death benefits and did not have a comparable
gain during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Excluding the defined benefit pension plan termination expense and the
BOLI death benefit, non-interest income increased $1.6 million, or 14.6%.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, service charges and fees increased $346,000, or 3.9%, and income from BOLI increased
$91,000, or 5.0%, from $1.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 to $1.9 million. During the twelve months ended
December 31, 2024, the Company recorded other income from loan-level swap fees on commercial loans of $261,000 and did not have
comparable income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company
reported a gain of $1.3 million on non-marketable equity investments, compared to a gain of $590,000 during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2023. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported a loss on the disposal of premises
and equipment of $6,000, compared to a loss of $3,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. During the twelve months
ended December 31, 2023, the Company also reported unrealized losses on marketable equity securities of $1,000, compared to unrealized
gains on marketable equity securities of $13,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024.
Non-Interest
Expense.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, non-interest expense increased $78,000, or 0.1%, to $58.4 million from the twelve months
ended December 31, 2023. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company reached an agreement-in-principle to settle
purported class action lawsuits concerning the Company’s deposit products and related disclosures, specifically involving
overdraft fees and insufficient funds fees. This agreement-in-principle reflects our business decision to avoid the costs, uncertainties
and distractions of further litigation. Excluding the legal settlement accrual of $510,000, non-interest expense increased $588,000,
or 1.0%, from $57.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 to $58.4 million for the twelve months ended December
31, 2024.
During
the same period, salaries and related benefits increased $472,000, or 1.5%, software expenses increased $208,000, or 9.0%, data
processing expense increased $320,000, or 10.1%, debit card processing and ATM network costs increased $298,000, or 13.9%, occupancy
expense increased $146,000, or 3.0%, due to higher repair and maintenance costs, real estate taxes, and depreciation expense.
FDIC insurance expense increased $139,000, or 10.5%. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in professional fees
of $571,000, or 20.9%, which is comprised of legal fees, audit and other professional fees. During the three months ended December
31, 2023, professional fees included legal fees related to the settlement of the purported class action lawsuits. Advertising
expense decreased $226,000, or 15.1%, and other non-interest expense, excluding the $510,000 legal settlement accrual, decreased
$199,000, or 3.5%.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the efficiency ratio was 80.4%, compared to 74.0% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2023. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the adjusted efficiency ratio, a non-GAAP financial measure, was 81.8%,
compared to 74.3% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. For more information regarding the Company’s use of Non-GAAP
financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
75
Income
Taxes.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, income tax expense was $3.3 million, with an effective tax rate of 22.0%, compared
to $4.5 million, with an effective tax rate of 23.1%, for twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in income tax expense
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to the twelve months December 31, 2023 was due to lower income before taxes
in 2024.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources.
The
term “liquidity” refers to our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to fund loan originations, loan purchases,
deposit withdrawals and operating expenses. Our primary sources of liquidity are deposits, scheduled amortization and prepayments
of loan principal and mortgage-backed securities, maturities and calls of investment securities and funds provided by our operations.
We also can borrow funds from the FHLB based on eligible collateral of loans and securities. Our material cash commitments include
funding loan originations, fulfilling contractual obligations with third-party service providers, maintaining operating leases
for certain of our Bank properties and satisfying repayment of our long-term debt obligations.
Primary
Sources of Liquidity
The
Company, on an ongoing basis, closely monitors the Company’s liquidity position for compliance with internal policies, and
believes that available sources of liquidity are adequate to meet funding needs in the normal course of business. As part of that
monitoring process, the Company stresses the potential liabilities calculation to ensure a strong liquidity position. Included
in the calculation are assumptions of some significant deposit run-off as well as funds needed for loan closing and investment
purchases. The Company does not anticipate engaging in any activities, either currently or over the long-term, for which adequate
funding would not be available and which would therefore result in significant pressure on liquidity. However, an economic recession
could negatively impact the Company’s liquidity. The Bank relies heavily on FHLB as a source of funds, particularly with
its overnight line of credit. In past economic recessions, some FHLB branches have suspended dividends, cut dividend payments,
and not bought back excess FHLB stock that members hold in an effort to conserve capital. FHLB has stated that it expects to be
able to continue to pay dividends, redeem excess capital stock, and provide competitively priced advances in the future.
At
December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, outstanding borrowings from the FHLB were $98.0 million and $40.6 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2024, we had $464.1 million in available borrowing capacity with the FHLB. We have the ability to increase our
borrowing capacity with the FHLB by pledging investment securities or additional loans.
The
Company has an available line of credit of $382.9 million with the FRB Discount Window at an interest rate determined and reset
on a daily basis. Borrowings from the FRB Discount Window are secured by certain eligible loan collateral and securities from
the Company’s investment portfolio not otherwise pledged. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no advances
outstanding under either of these lines.
On
March 12, 2023, the FRB made available the BTFP, which enhanced the ability of banks to borrow greater amounts against certain
high-quality, unencumbered investments at par value. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company participated in the
BTFP, which enabled the Company to pay off higher rate FHLB advances. At December 31, 2023, long-term debt included $90.0 million
in outstanding advances under the BTFP with a weighted average fixed rate of 4.71%. There were no advances outstanding with the
FRB under the BTFP at December 31, 2024.
In
addition, we have available lines of credit of $15.0 million and $10.0 million with other correspondent banks. Interest rates
on these lines are determined and reset on a daily basis by each respective bank. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we did not have
an outstanding balance under either of these lines of credit. In addition, we may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with
approved broker-dealers. Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements that allow us to borrow money using our securities as collateral.
We
also have outstanding at any time, a significant number of commitments to extend credit and provide financial guarantees to third
parties. These arrangements are subject to strict credit control assessments. Guarantees specify limits to our obligations. Because
many commitments and almost all guarantees expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not estimates
of future cash flows. We are also obligated under agreements with the FHLB to repay borrowed funds and are obligated under leases
for certain of our branches and equipment.
76
Maturing
investment securities are a relatively predictable source of funds. However, deposit flows, calls of securities and prepayments
of loans and mortgage-backed securities are strongly influenced by interest rates, general and local economic conditions and competition
in the marketplace. These factors reduce the predictability of the timing of these sources of funds.
The
Company’s primary activities are the origination of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and residential
real estate loans, as well as and the purchase of mortgage-backed and other investment securities. During the year ended December
31, 2023, we originated $336.4 million in loans, compared to $225.6 million in 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2024,
total loans increased $42.9 million, or 2.1%, compared to an increase of $35.9 million, or 1.8%, for the year ended December 31,
2023. At December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $122.4 million in loan commitments and letters of credit to borrowers
and approximately $343.1 million in available home equity and other unadvanced lines of credit.
Deposit
inflows and outflows are affected by the level of interest rates, the products and interest rates offered by competitors and by
other factors. At December 31, 2024, time deposit accounts scheduled to mature within one year totaled $694.9 million. Based on
the Company’s deposit retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate that a significant portion of these
time deposits will remain on deposit. We monitor our liquidity position frequently and anticipate that it will have sufficient
funds to meet our current funding commitments for the next 12 months and beyond.
At
December 31, 2024, the Company and the Bank exceeded each of the applicable regulatory capital requirements (See Note 13, Regulatory
Capital, to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our regulatory requirements).
Material
Cash Commitments
The
Company entered into a long-term contractual obligation with a vendor for use of its core provider and ancillary services beginning
in 2016. Total remaining contractual obligations outstanding with this vendor as of December 31, 2024 were estimated to be $7.1
million, with $6.1 million expected to be paid within one year and the remaining $1.0 million to be paid within the next three
years. Further, the Company has operating leases for certain of its banking offices and ATMs. Our leases have remaining lease
terms of less than one year to fourteen years, some of which include options to extend the leases for additional five-year terms
up to ten years. Undiscounted lease liabilities totaled $8.9 million as of December 31, 2024. Principal payments expected to be
made on our lease liabilities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 were $1.5 million. The remaining lease liability
payments totaled $7.4 million and are expected to be made after December 31, 2025 (See Note 12, Leases, to our consolidated
financial statements for further information on our lease obligations).
In
addition, the Company completed an offering of $20 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.875% Notes to certain qualified
institutional buyers in a private placement transaction on April 20, 2021. Unless earlier redeemed, the Notes mature on May 1,
2031. At December 31, 2024, $19.8 million aggregate principle amount of the Notes was outstanding. The Notes will bear interest
from the initial issue date to, but excluding, May 1, 2026, or the earlier redemption date, at a fixed rate of 4.875% per annum,
payable quarterly in arrears on May 1, August 1, November 1 and February 1 of each year, beginning August 1, 2021, and from and
including May 1, 2026, but excluding the maturity date or earlier redemption date, equal to the benchmark rate, which is the 90-day
average secured overnight financing rate, plus 412 basis points, determined on the determination date of the applicable interest
period, payable quarterly in arrears on May 1, August 1, November 1 and February 1 of each year. The Company may also redeem the
Notes, in whole or in part, on or after May 1, 2026, and at any time upon the occurrence of certain events, subject in each case
to the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (See Note 8, Long-Term Debt, to our consolidated financial
statements for further information on our long-term debt).
We
do not anticipate any material capital expenditures during the calendar year 2025, except in pursuance of the Company’s
strategic initiatives. The Company does not have any balloon or other payments due on any long-term obligations or any off-balance
sheet items other than the commitments and unused lines of credit noted above.
77
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements.
The
Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, other than noted above and in Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies,
to our consolidated financial statements, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial
condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital
resources that is material to investors.
Management
of Market Risk.
As
a financial institution, our primary market risk is interest rate risk since substantially all transactions are denominated in
U.S. dollars with no direct foreign exchange or changes in commodity price exposure. Fluctuations in interest rates will affect
both our level of income and expense on a large portion of our assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in interest rates will also
affect the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
The
Company’s interest rate management strategy is to limit fluctuations in net interest income as interest rates vary up or
down and control variations in the market value of assets, liabilities and net worth as interest rates vary. We seek to coordinate
asset and liability decisions so that, under changing interest rate scenarios, net interest income will remain within an acceptable
range.
In
order to achieve the Company’s objectives of managing interest rate risk, the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”)
meets periodically to discuss and monitor the market interest rate environment relative to interest rates that are offered on
our products. ALCO presents quarterly reports to the Board which includes the Company’s interest rate risk position and
liquidity position.
The
Company’s primary source of funds are deposits, consisting primarily of time deposits, money market accounts, savings accounts,
demand accounts and interest-bearing checking accounts, which have shorter terms to maturity than the loan portfolio. Several
strategies have been employed to manage the interest rate risk inherent in the asset/liability mix, including but not limited
to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | maintaining the diversity of our existing loan portfolio through residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | emphasizing investments with an expected average duration of five years or less; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | when appropriate, using interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate position of the balance sheet. |
In
2024, cash flows from deposit inflows were used to first to fund loan growth, and then to purchase securities, primarily AFS securities.
While net loan growth during 2024 was centered in residential real estate loans, the Company’s long-term focus continues
to be on growing commercial loans that present the appropriate levels of risk and return. Commercial loans typically have variable
interest rates and shorter maturities than residential loans.
The
actual amount of time before loans are repaid can be significantly affected by changes in market interest rates. Prepayment rates
will also vary due to a number of other factors, including the regional economy in the area where the loans were originated, seasonal
factors, demographic variables and the assumability of the loans. However, the major factors affecting prepayment rates are prevailing
interest rates, related financing opportunities and competition. We monitor interest rate sensitivity so that we can adjust our
asset and liability mix in a timely manner and minimize the negative effects of changing rates.
The
Company’s liquidity sources are vulnerable to various uncertainties beyond our control. Loan amortization and investment
cash flows are a relatively stable source of funds, while loan and investment prepayments and calls, as well as deposit flows
vary widely in reaction to market conditions, primarily prevailing interest rates. Asset sales are influenced by pledging activities,
general market interest rates and unforeseen market conditions. Our financial condition is affected by our ability to borrow at
attractive rates, retain deposits at market rates and other market conditions. We consider our sources of liquidity to be adequate
to meet expected funding needs and also to be responsive to changing interest rate markets.
78
Interest
Rate Risk.
Interest
rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income
and expense streams associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary
component of our earnings. ALCO utilizes the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure
of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. While ALCO routinely monitors simulated net interest income sensitivity
over a rolling two-year horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The
simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all
interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated balance sheet, as well as for derivative
financial instruments. This sensitivity analysis is compared to ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for
net interest income exposure over a one and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth.
The
repricing and/or new rates of assets and liabilities moved in tandem with market rates. However, in certain deposit products,
the use of data from a historical analysis indicated that the rates on these products would move only a fraction of the rate change
amount. Pertinent data from each loan account, deposit account and investment security was used to calculate future cash flows.
The data included such items as maturity date, payment amount, next repricing date, repricing frequency, repricing index, repricing
spread, caps and floors. Prepayment speed assumptions were based upon the difference between the account rate and the current
market rate. We also evaluate changes in interest rate sensitivity under various scenarios including but not limited to nonparallel
shifts in the yield curve, variances in prepayment speeds and variances to correlations of instrument rates to market indexes.
The
table below shows our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflecting the following changes to net interest income for the
first and second years of the simulation model. The analysis assumes no balance sheet growth, a parallel shift in interest rates,
and all rate changes were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder
of the simulation horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changes in Interest Rates | At December 31, 2024 | At December 31, 2023 | ||
| 1 – 12 Months | ||||
| UP 200 basis points | -4.4% | -4.1% | ||
| DOWN 200 basis points | 3.9% | 3.4% | ||
| 13 – 24 Months | ||||
| UP 200 basis points | 7.5% | -0.4% | ||
| DOWN 200 basis points | 24.6% | 23.3% | ||
| ________________________ |
The
preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast of net interest income, nor do the calculations represent any actions
that management may undertake in response to changes in interest rates. They should not be relied upon as being indicative of
expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature
and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions
on loans and deposits and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon
current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions,
including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Periodically,
if deemed appropriate, we may use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to
hedge our interest rate exposure to interest rate movements. The Board has approved hedging policy statements governing the use
of these instruments. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and involve the receipt of variable rate amounts
from a counterparty in exchange for our making fixed payments.
79
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements.
Refer
to Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for a summary of the recent accounting pronouncements.
Impact
of Inflation and Changing Prices.
The
Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP generally
requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without consideration for
changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased
cost of our operations. Unlike industrial companies, our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature. As a result,
changes in market interest rates have a greater impact on performance than do the effects of inflation.
FY 2023 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001999371-24-003319.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion should be read
in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto, each appearing elsewhere in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K. Management’s discussion focuses on 2023 results compared to 2022. For a discussion of 2022 results compared
to 2021, refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on March 10, 2023.
Overview.
We strive to remain a leader in meeting
the financial service needs of the local community and to provide quality service to the individuals and businesses in the market
areas that we have served since 1853. Historically, we have been a community-oriented provider of traditional banking products
and services to business organizations and individuals, including products such as residential and commercial real estate loans,
consumer loans and a variety of deposit products. We meet the needs of our local community through a community-based and service-oriented
approach to banking.
We have adopted a growth-oriented strategy
that continues to focus on increasing commercial lending and residential lending. Our strategy also calls for increasing deposit
relationships, specifically core deposits, and broadening our product lines and services. We believe that this business strategy
is best for our long-term success and viability, and complements our existing commitment to high quality customer service.
In connection with our overall growth strategy,
we seek to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Increase market share and achieve scale to improve the Company’s profitability and efficiency and return value to shareholders; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow the Company’s commercial loan portfolio and related commercial deposits by targeting businesses in our primary market area of Hampden County and Hampshire County in western Massachusetts and Hartford and Tolland Counties in northern Connecticut to increase the net interest margin and loan income; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Supplement the commercial portfolio by growing the residential real estate portfolio to diversify the loan portfolio and deepen customer relationships; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Focus on expanding our retail banking deposit franchise and increase the number of households served within our designated market area; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Invest in people, systems and technology to grow revenue, improve efficiency and enhance the overall customer experience; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow revenues, increase book value per share and tangible book value, pay competitive dividends to shareholders and utilize the Company’s stock repurchase plan to leverage our capital and enhance franchise value; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Consider growth through acquisitions. We may pursue expansion opportunities in existing or adjacent strategic locations with companies that add complementary products to our existing business and at terms that add value to our existing shareholders. |
You should read the following financial
results for the year ended December 31, 2023 in the context of this strategy.
57
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2023, net income was $15.1 million, or $0.70 diluted earnings per share, compared to net income of $25.9 million, or $1.18 diluted
earnings per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 showed
decreases in net interest income and non-interest income, as well as increases in non-interest expense and the provision for credit
losses.
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2023, net interest income decreased $11.3 million, or 14.3%, to $67.9 million, compared to $79.2 million for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in net interest income was due to an increase in interest expense of $26.5 million, partially
offset by an increase in interest and dividend income of $15.2 million, or 17.7%.
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $872,000 under the CECL model, compared to a provision for credit
losses of $700,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 under the incurred loss model. The increase in reserves was
primarily due to changes in the economic environment and related adjustments to the quantitative components of the CECL methodology.
General.
Our consolidated results
of operations depend primarily on net interest and dividend income. Net interest and dividend income is the difference between
the interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest-earning assets
consist primarily of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, residential real estate loans and securities.
Interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of time deposits and money market accounts, demand deposits, savings accounts and
borrowings from the FHLB. The consolidated results of operations also depend on the provision for loan losses, non-interest income,
and non-interest expense. Non-interest income includes service fees and charges, income on bank-owned life insurance, gains on
sales of mortgages, gains on non-marketable equity investments and gains (losses) on securities. Non-interest expense includes
salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expenses, data processing, advertising expense, FDIC insurance assessment, professional
fees and other general and administrative expenses.
Critical Accounting
Policies.
Our accounting policies
are disclosed in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements. Given our current business strategy and asset/liability structure,
the more critical policy is the allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses. In addition to the informational disclosure
in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, our policy on this accounting policy is described in detail in the applicable
sections of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Senior
management has discussed the development and selection of this accounting policy and the related disclosures with the Audit Committee
of our Board of Directors.
The process of evaluating the loan portfolio,
classifying loans and determining the allowance and provision is described in detail in Part I under “Business –
Lending Activities - Allowance for Credit Losses.” On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13 Financial Instruments
– Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended, which replaces the incurred
loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as CECL methodology. The measurement of expected credit
losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and
HTM debt securities. In addition, ASC 326 made changes to the accounting for AFS debt securities.
The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified
retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Results for reporting
periods beginning January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance
with previously applicable GAAP. The Company recorded a net increase to retained earnings of $9,000 as of January 1, 2023 for the
cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326, which includes a net deferred tax liability of $4,000. The transition adjustment includes
a $1.2 million increase to the allowance for credit losses and the recording of a $918,000 allowance for credit losses on off-balance
sheet credit exposures.
The allowance for credit losses is an estimate
of expected losses inherent within the Company's existing loans held for investment portfolio. The allowance for credit losses
for loans held for investment, as reported in our consolidated balance sheet, is adjusted by a credit loss expense, which is reported
in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries. Accrued interest receivable on loans held for investment
was $7.5 million at December 31, 2023 and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
58
This evaluation is inherently subjective
as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change. The credit loss estimation process involves procedures
to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of loan portfolio segments, which consist of commercial real estate loans,
residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans. These segments are further disaggregated into
loan classes, the level at which credit risk is monitored. For each of these pools, the Company generates cash flow projections
at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, time to recovery,
probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery
are based on historical internal data. The quantitative component of the ACL on loans is model-based and utilizes a forward-looking
macroeconomic forecast. The Company uses a discounted cash flow method, incorporating probability of default and loss given default
forecasted based on statistically derived economic variable loss drivers, to estimate expected credit losses. This process includes
estimates which involve modeling loss projections attributable to existing loan balances, and considering historical experience,
current conditions, and future expectations for pools of loans over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. The historical
information either experienced by the Company or by a selection of peer banks, when appropriate, is derived from a combination
of recessionary and non-recessionary performance periods for which data is available.
Although management believes
it has established and maintained the allowance for credit losses at adequate levels for the current economic environment and supportable
forecast period, if management’s assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect due to changes in the economic environment
and related adjustments to the quantitative components of the CECL methodology, and the allowance for credit losses is not adequate
to absorb forecasted losses, our earnings and capital could be significantly and adversely affected.
Analysis of Net Interest Income.
The Company’s earnings are largely
dependent on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on loans and investments and the cost of
funding (primarily deposits and borrowings). Net interest income expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets is
referred to as net interest margin. For more information regarding the Company’s use of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation
of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
Average Balance Sheet.
The following table sets forth information
relating to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The average yields and costs are derived by dividing
interest income or interest expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities, respectively,
for the periods shown. Average balances are derived from average daily balances. The yields include fees which are considered adjustments
to yields. Loan interest and yield data does not include any accrued interest from non-accruing loans.
59
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Average Yield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | Interest | Cost | Balance | Interest | Cost | Balance | Interest | Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1)(2) | $ | 2,006,166 | $ | 91,640 | 4.57 | % | $ | 1,953,527 | $ | 77,758 | 3.98 | % | $ | 1,887,926 | $ | 74,620 | 3.95 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities(2) | 368,201 | 8,371 | 2.27 | 407,444 | 8,299 | 2.04 | 319,778 | 5,398 | 1.69 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 12,425 | 558 | 4.49 | 10,289 | 177 | 1.72 | 10,242 | 115 | 1.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments(3) | 20,459 | 1,021 | 4.99 | 25,712 | 191 | 0.74 | 111,931 | 139 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 2,407,251 | 101,590 | 4.22 | 2,396,972 | 86,425 | 3.61 | 2,329,877 | 80,272 | 3.45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-earning assets | 155,511 | 152,941 | 147,980 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,562,762 | $ | 2,549,913 | $ | 2,477,857 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | $ | 142,005 | 1,041 | 0.73 | $ | 139,993 | 530 | 0.38 | $ | 109,648 | 399 | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 202,354 | 181 | 0.09 | 222,267 | 161 | 0.07 | 205,394 | 154 | 0.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 697,621 | 9,529 | 1.37 | 890,763 | 3,187 | 0.36 | 776,725 | 2,412 | 0.31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 524,827 | 15,898 | 3.03 | 363,258 | 1,474 | 0.41 | 477,067 | 2,543 | 0.53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 1,566,807 | 26,649 | 1.70 | 1,616,281 | 5,352 | 0.33 | 1,568,834 | 5,508 | 0.35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings and long-term debt | 135,532 | 6,560 | 4.84 | 31,556 | 1,344 | 4.26 | 38,294 | 1,164 | 3.04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | 1,702,339 | 33,209 | 1.95 | 1,647,837 | 6,696 | 0.41 | 1,607,128 | 6,672 | 0.42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing deposits | 602,652 | 647,971 | 608,936 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-interest-bearing liabilities | 24,885 | 35,615 | 39,108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-bearing liabilities | 627,537 | 683,586 | 648,044 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 2,329,876 | 2,331,423 | 2,255,172 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 232,886 | 218,490 | 222,685 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 2,562,762 | $ | 2,549,913 | $ | 2,477,857 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Tax-equivalent adjustment(2) | (472 | ) | (497 | ) | (424 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend income | $ | 67,909 | $ | 79,232 | $ | 73,177 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread(4) | 2.25 | % | 3.18 | % | 3.01 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis(5) | 2.27 | % | 3.20 | % | 3.03 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin(6) | 2.82 | % | 3.31 | % | 3.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis(7) | 2.84 | % | 3.33 | % | 3.16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | 141.41 | % | 145.46 | % | 144.97 | % |
60
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Loans, including nonaccrual loans, are net of deferred loan origination costs and unadvanced funds. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Loan and securities income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2023, 2022 and 2021. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income to agree to the amount reported on the consolidated statements of net income. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (3) | Short-term investments include federal funds sold. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (4) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (5) | Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents the difference between the tax-equivalent weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the tax-equivalent weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (6) | Net interest margin represents net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (7) | Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
61
Rate/Volume Analysis.
The following table shows
how changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected
our interest and dividend income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with
respect to: (1) interest income changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate); (2) interest
income changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and (3) the net change.
The changes attributable
to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due
to rate.
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2022 | Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to | Increase (Decrease) Due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | (In thousands) | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (1) | $ | 2,095 | $ | 11,787 | $ | 13,882 | $ | 2,593 | $ | 545 | $ | 3,138 | ||||||||||||
| Investment securities (1) | (799 | ) | 871 | 72 | 1,480 | 1,421 | 2,901 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 37 | 344 | 381 | 1 | 60 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | (39 | ) | 869 | 830 | (107 | ) | 159 | 52 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 1,294 | 13,871 | 15,165 | 3,967 | 2,185 | 6,152 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | 8 | 503 | 511 | 110 | 21 | 131 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | (14 | ) | 34 | 20 | 13 | (6 | ) | 7 | ||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | (691 | ) | 7,033 | 6,342 | 354 | 421 | 775 | |||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 656 | 13,768 | 14,424 | (607 | ) | (462 | ) | (1,069 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowing and long-term debt | 4,428 | 788 | 5,216 | (205 | ) | 385 | 180 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 4,387 | 22,126 | 26,513 | (335 | ) | 359 | 24 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in net interest and dividend income | $ | (3,093 | ) | $ | (8,255 | ) | $ | (11,348 | ) | $ | 4,302 | $ | 1,826 | $ | 6,128 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Securities and loan income and net interest income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2023, 2022 and 2021. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest income to agree to the amount reported in the consolidated statements of net income. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” |
62
Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial
Measurements.
We believe that it is common practice in
the banking industry to present interest income and related yield information on tax-exempt loans and securities on a tax-equivalent
basis and that such information is useful to investors because it facilitates comparisons among financial institutions. However,
the adjustment of interest income and yields on tax-exempt loans and securities to a tax-equivalent amount is considered a non-GAAP
financial measure. A reconciliation from GAAP to non-GAAP is provided below.
| For the twelve months ended | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/31/2023 | 12/31/2022 | 12/31/2021 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Loans (no tax adjustment) | $ | 91,169 | $ | 77,264 | $ | 74,200 | ||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 471 | 494 | 420 | |||||||||
| Loans (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 91,640 | $ | 77,758 | $ | 74,620 | ||||||
| Securities (no tax adjustment) | $ | 8,370 | $ | 8,296 | $ | 5,394 | ||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 1 | 3 | 4 | |||||||||
| Securities (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 8,371 | $ | 8,299 | $ | 5,398 | ||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 67,909 | $ | 79,232 | $ | 73,177 | ||||||
| Tax equivalent adjustment (1) | 472 | 497 | 424 | |||||||||
| Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 68,381 | $ | 79,729 | $ | 73,601 | ||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 67,909 | $ | 79,232 | $ | 73,177 | ||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Purchase accounting adjustments | (50 | ) | 175 | (55 | ) | |||||||
| Prepayment penalties and fees | 64 | 281 | 181 | |||||||||
| PPP fee income | 99 | 728 | 6,769 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income (non-GAAP) | $ | 67,796 | $ | 78,048 | $ | 66,282 | ||||||
| Average interest-earning assets | $ | 2,407,251 | $ | 2,396,972 | $ | 2,329,877 | ||||||
| Average interest-earnings asset, excluding average PPP loans | $ | 2,405,525 | $ | 2,391,252 | $ | 2,219,286 | ||||||
| Net interest margin (no tax adjustment) | 2.82 | % | 3.31 | % | 3.14 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin, tax-equivalent | 2.84 | % | 3.33 | % | 3.16 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted net interest margin, excluding purchase accounting adjustments, PPP fee income and prepayment penalties (non-GAAP) | 2.82 | % | 3.26 | % | 2.99 | % |
63
| At or for the twelve months ended | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/31/2023 | 12/31/2022 | 12/31/2021 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Book Value per Share (GAAP) | $ | 10.96 | $ | 10.27 | $ | 9.87 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | (0.58 | ) | (0.56 | ) | (0.55 | ) | ||||||
| Core deposit intangible | (0.08 | ) | (0.10 | ) | (0.11 | ) | ||||||
| Tangible Book Value per Share (non-GAAP) | $ | 10.30 | $ | 9.61 | $ | 9.21 | ||||||
| Income Before Income Taxes (GAAP) | $ | 19,584 | $ | 34,629 | $ | 31,724 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Provision for (reversal of) credit losses | 872 | 700 | (925 | ) | ||||||||
| PPP Income | (99 | ) | (728 | ) | (6,769 | ) | ||||||
| Gain on bank-owned life insurance death benefit | (778 | ) | - | — | ||||||||
| Loss (gain) on defined benefit plan termination | 1,143 | (2,807 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Income Before Taxes, Provision, PPP Income, Bank-Owned Life Insurance Death Benefit and Defined Benefit Termination (non-GAAP) | $ | 20,722 | $ | 31,794 | $ | 24,030 | ||||||
| Adjusted Efficiency Ratio: | ||||||||||||
| Non-interest Expense (GAAP) | $ | 58,350 | $ | 57,235 | $ | 54,942 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Loss on prepayment of borrowings | — | — | (45 | ) | ||||||||
| Non-interest Expense for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 58,350 | $ | 57,235 | $ | 54,897 | ||||||
| Net Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 67,909 | $ | 79,232 | $ | 73,177 | ||||||
| Non-interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 10,897 | $ | 13,332 | $ | 12,564 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Loss on disposal of premises and equipment | 3 | — | — | |||||||||
| Loss on securities, net | — | 4 | 72 | |||||||||
| Unrealized losses on marketable equity securities | 1 | 717 | 168 | |||||||||
| Loss on interest rate swap termination | — | — | 402 | |||||||||
| Gain on bank-owned life insurance death benefit | (778 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Gain on non-marketable equity investments | (590 | ) | (422 | ) | (898 | ) | ||||||
| Loss (gain) on defined benefit plan termination | 1,143 | (2,807 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Non-interest Income for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 10,676 | $ | 10,824 | $ | 12,308 | ||||||
| Total Revenue for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 78,585 | $ | 90,056 | $ | 85,485 | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (GAAP) | 74.04 | % | 61.83 | % | 64.08 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (Non-interest Expense for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)/Total Revenue for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)) | 74.25 | % | 63.55 | % | 64.64 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | The tax equivalent adjustment is based upon a 21% tax rate for 2023, 2022 and 2021. |
64
Comparison of Financial Condition at
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
At December 31, 2023, total assets were
$2.6 billion, an increase of $11.4 million, or 0.4%, from December 31, 2022. The balance sheet composition and changes since December
31, 2022 are discussed below.
Cash and Cash Equivalents.
Cash and cash equivalents is comprised
of cash on hand and amounts due from banks, interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions and federal funds sold. Cash
and cash equivalents totaled $28.8 million, or 1.1% of total assets, at December 31, 2023 and $30.3 million, or 1.2% of total assets,
at December 31, 2022. Balances in cash and cash equivalents will fluctuate due primarily to the timing of net deposit flows, borrowing
and loan inflows and outflows, investment purchases and maturities, calls and sales proceeds, and the immediate liquidity needs
of the Company.
Investments.
At December 31, 2023, the AFS and HTM securities
portfolio represented 14.1% of total assets compared to 14.8% at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s AFS
securities portfolio, recorded at fair market value, decreased $9.9 million, or 6.7%, from $147.0 million at December 31, 2022
to $137.1 million. The HTM securities portfolio, recorded at amortized cost, decreased $6.8 million, or 3.0%, from $230.2 million
at December 31, 2022 to $223.4 million at December 31, 2023. The marketable equity securities portfolio decreased $6.0 million,
or 96.9%, from $6.2 million at December 31, 2022 to $196,000 at December 31, 2023. The decrease in the AFS and HTM securities portfolios
was primarily due to amortization and payoffs recorded during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
At December 31, 2023, the Company reported
unrealized losses on the AFS securities portfolio of $29.2 million, or 17.5% of the amortized cost basis of the AFS securities
portfolio, compared to unrealized losses of $32.2 million, or 18.0% of the amortized cost basis of the AFS securities at December
31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, the Company reported unrealized losses on the HTM securities portfolio of $35.7 million, or 16.0%,
of the amortized cost basis of the HTM securities portfolio, compared to $39.2 million, or 17.0% of the amortized cost basis of
the HTM securities portfolio at December 31, 2022.
The Bank is required to purchase FHLB stock
at par value in association with advances from the FHLB. The stock is classified as a restricted investment and carried at cost
which management believes approximates fair value. The Company’s investment in FHLB capital stock amounted to $3.2 million
and $2.9 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company
held $423,000 of Atlantic Community Bankers Bank stock. The stock is restricted and carried in other assets at cost. The stock
is evaluated for impairment based on an estimate of the ultimate recovery to the par value.
Loans.
At December 31, 2023, total loans increased
$35.9 million, or 1.8%, to $2.0 billion from December 31, 2022. Residential real estate loans, including home equity loans, increased
$27.1 million, or 3.9%, commercial real estate loans increased $10.4 million, or 1.0%, and commercial and industrial loans decreased
$2.4 million, or 1.1%.
Bank-Owned Life Insurance ("BOLI").
The Company indirectly utilizes the earnings
on BOLI to offset the cost of the Company’s benefit plans. The cash surrender value of BOLI was $75.1 million and $74.6 million
at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Deposits.
At December 31, 2023, total deposits decreased
$85.7 million, or 3.8%, from December 31, 2022, to $2.1 billion at December 31, 2023, due to industry-wide pressures and a competitive
market for deposits. Core deposits, which the Company defines as all deposits except time deposits, decreased $285.4 million, or
15.7%, from $1.8 billion, or 81.5% of total deposits, at December 31, 2022, to $1.5 billion, or 71.5% of total deposits, at December
31, 2023. Money market accounts decreased $166.7 million, or 20.8%, to $634.4 million, non-interest-bearing deposits decreased
$65.9 million, or 10.2%, to $579.6 million, savings accounts decreased $35.0 million, or 15.7%, to $187.4 million and interest-bearing
checking accounts decreased $17.7 million, or 11.9%, to $131.0 million. Time deposits increased $199.7 million, or 48.5%, from
$411.7 million at December 31, 2022 to $611.4 million at December 31, 2023. Brokered time deposits, which are included in time
deposits, totaled $1.7 million at December 31, 2023. The Company did not have any brokered deposits at December 31, 2022. At December
31, 2023, the Bank’s uninsured deposits represented 26.8% of total deposits, compared to 30.8% at December 31, 2022.
65
Borrowed Funds.
At December 31, 2023, total borrowings
increased $94.3 million, or 151.5%, from $62.2 million at December 31, 2022 to $156.5 million. Short-term borrowings decreased
$25.3 million, or 61.1%, to $16.1 million, compared to $41.4 million at December 31, 2022. Long-term borrowings increased $119.5
million, from $1.2 million at December 31, 2022, to $120.6 million at December 31, 2023, to replace deposit attrition. Long-term
borrowings consisted of $30.6 million outstanding with the FHLB and $90.0 million outstanding under the FRB’s BTFP. At December
31, 2023, borrowings also consisted of $19.7 million in fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes.
Shareholders’ Equity.
At December 31, 2023, shareholders’
equity was $237.4 million, or 9.3% of total assets, compared to $228.1 million, or 8.9% of total assets, at December 31, 2022.
The increase was primarily attributable to net income of $15.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive
loss of $3.3 million, $5.0 million for the repurchase of common stock and cash dividends paid of $6.1 million. At December 31,
2023, total shares outstanding were 21,666,807.
The Company’s book value per share
was $10.96 at December 31, 2023 compared to $10.27 at December 31, 2022, while tangible book value per share, a non-GAAP financial
measure, increased $0.69, or 7.2%, from $9.61 at December 31, 2022 to $10.30 at December 31, 2023. The Company had no incurred
credit losses in its investment portfolio in 2023 or 2022. Tangible book value is a Non-GAAP measure. For more information regarding
the Company’s use of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios continued to exceed the levels required
to be considered “well-capitalized” under federal banking regulations.
Pension Plan.
The Board of Directors previously announced
the termination of the Westfield Bank Defined Benefit Plan (the “DB Plan”) on October 31, 2022, subject to required
regulatory approval. At December 31, 2022, the Company reversed $7.3 million in net unrealized losses recorded in accumulated other
comprehensive income attributed to both the DB Plan curtailment resulting from the termination of the DB Plan as well as changes
in discount rates. In addition, during the three months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a gain on curtailment of
$2.8 million through non-interest income. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company made an additional cash
contribution of $1.3 million in order to fully fund the DB Plan on a plan termination basis. In addition, for those participants
who did not opt for a one-time lump sum payment, the Company funded $6.3 million to purchase a group annuity contract to transfer
its remaining liabilities under the DB Plan. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized the final
termination expense of $1.1 million related to the DB Plan termination, which was recorded through non-interest income.
Assets under Management.
Total assets under management include loans
serviced for others and investment assets under management. Loans serviced for others and investment assets under management are
not carried as assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet, and as such, total assets under management is not a financial
measurement recognized under GAAP, however, management believes its disclosure provides information useful in understanding the
trends in total assets under management.
The Company provides a wide range of investment
advisory and wealth management services through Westfield Investment Services through LPL Financial, a third-party broker-dealer.
Investment assets under management increased $19.6 million, or 12.9%, to $172.1 million as of December 31, 2023, from $152.5 million
as of December 31, 2022.
66
Comparison of Operating Results for
Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
General.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2023, the Company reported net income of $15.1 million, or $0.70 per diluted share, compared to $25.9 million, or $1.18 per diluted
share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Return on average assets and return on average equity were 0.59% and 6.47%
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, respectively, compared to 1.02% and 11.85% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2022, respectively.
Net Interest
Income and Net Interest Margin.
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2023, net interest income decreased $11.3 million, or 14.3%, to $67.9 million, compared to $79.2 million for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in net interest income was due to an increase in interest expense of $26.5 million, partially
offset by an increase in interest and dividend income of $15.2 million, or 17.7%.
The net interest margin for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2023 was 2.82%, compared to 3.31% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The net interest
margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, was 2.84% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, compared to 3.33% for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2022.
The average yield on interest-earning assets,
without the impact of tax-equivalent adjustments, increased 62 basis points from 3.58% for the twelve months ended December 31,
2022 to 4.20% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, average interest-earning
assets increased $10.3 million, or 0.4%, to $2.4 billion compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to
an increase in average loans of $52.6 million, or 2.7%, and an increase in average other investments of $2.1 million, or 20.8%,
partially offset by a decrease in average securities of $39.2 million, or 9.6%, and a decrease in average short-term investments,
consisting of cash and cash equivalents, of $5.3 million, or 20.4%.
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2023, the average cost of funds, including non-interest-bearing demand accounts and borrowings, increased 115 basis points
from 0.29% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 to 1.44%. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the average cost
of core deposits, including non-interest-bearing demand deposits, increased 45 basis points from 0.20% for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022 to 0.65% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The average cost of time deposits increased 262 basis
points from 0.41% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 to 3.03% during the same period in 2023. The average cost of borrowings,
which include FHLB advances and subordinated debt, increased 58 basis points from 4.26% for the twelve months ended December 31,
2022 to 4.84% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2023, average demand deposits, an interest-free source of funds, decreased $45.3 million, or 7.0%, from $648.0 million, or 28.6%
of total average deposits, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, to $602.7 million, or 27.8% of total average deposits.
Provision for Credit Losses.
The credit loss estimation process involves
procedures to appropriately consider the unique characteristics of loan portfolio segments, which consist of commercial real estate
loans, residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, and consumer loans. These segments are further disaggregated
into loan classes, the level at which credit risk is monitored. For each of these pools, the Company generates cash flow projections
at the instrument level wherein payment expectations are adjusted for estimated prepayment speed, curtailments, time to recovery,
probability of default, and loss given default. The modeling of expected prepayment speeds, curtailment rates, and time to recovery
are based on historical internal data. The quantitative component of the ACL on loans is model-based and utilizes a forward-looking
macroeconomic forecast. The Company uses a discounted cash flow method, incorporating probability of default and loss given default
forecasted based on statistically derived economic variable loss drivers, to estimate expected credit losses. This process includes
estimates which involve modeling loss projections attributable to existing loan balances, and considering historical experience,
current conditions, and future expectations for pools of loans over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. The historical
information either experienced by the Company or by a selection of peer banks, when appropriate, is derived from a combination
of recessionary and non-recessionary performance periods for which data is available.
67
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $872,000 under the CECL model, compared to a provision for credit
losses of $700,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 under the incurred loss model. The increase in reserves was
primarily due to changes in the economic environment and related adjustments to the quantitative components of the CECL methodology.
The Company recorded net charge-offs of
$2.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to net charge-offs of $556,000 for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022. The charge-offs for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 were related to one commercial relationship acquired
on October 21, 2016 from Chicopee Bancorp, Inc., which was placed on nonaccrual status during the first quarter of 2023. The Company
recorded a $1.9 million charge-off on the relationship, which represented the non-accretable credit mark that was required to be
grossed-up to the loan’s amortized cost basis with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses under CECL
implementation. At December 31, 2023, the Company had charged-off 61% of the total relationship and the remaining exposure of $940,000
is collateralized at this time.
Although management believes it has established
and maintained the allowance for credit losses at appropriate levels for the current economic environment and supportable forecast
period, future adjustments may be necessary if economic, real estate and other conditions differ substantially from the current
operating environment.
Non-Interest
Income.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2023, non-interest income decreased $2.4 million, or 18.3%, from $13.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 to
$10.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded
a $1.1 million final termination expense related to the DB Plan termination, compared to a curtailment gain related to the DB Plan
termination of $2.8 million, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The Company also recorded a non-taxable gain of
$778,000 on BOLI death benefits during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The Company did not have comparable income during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Excluding the termination expense and the curtailment gain related to the DB Plan termination
and the BOLI death benefit, non-interest income increased $737,000, or 7.0%.
During the twelve months ended December
31, 2023, service charges and fees decreased $216,000, or 2.4%, primarily due to changes in the Company’s overdraft program
that were implemented in 2023. Income from BOLI increased $95,000, or 5.5%, from $1.7 million for the twelve months ended December
31, 2022 to $1.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Other income from loan-level swap fees on commercial loans
decreased $25,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company
reported a gain of $590,000 on non-marketable equity investments compared to a gain of $422,000 during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the Company reported a loss on the disposal of premises and
equipment of $3,000. The Company did not have comparable activity during the same period in 2022. During the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022, the Company also reported unrealized losses on marketable equity securities of $717,000, compared to unrealized
losses on marketable equity securities of $1,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. During the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022, the Company reported realized losses on the sale of securities of $4,000. The Company did not have a comparable
gain or loss during the same period in 2023.
Non-Interest
Expense.
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2023, non-interest expense increased $1.1 million, or 1.9%, to $58.4 million, compared to $57.2 million for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022. The increase in non-interest expense was primarily due to an increase in other expense of $953,000, or 10.1%,
as a result of a $510,000 legal settlement accrual. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company reached an agreement-in-principle
to settle purported class action lawsuits concerning the Company’s deposit products and related disclosures, specifically
involving overdraft fees and insufficient funds fees. This agreement-in-principle reflects our business decision to avoid the costs,
uncertainties and distractions of further litigation. Excluding the legal settlement accrual, non-interest expense increased $605,000,
or 1.1%, from $57.2 million, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 to $57.8 million for the twelve months ended December
31, 2023.
During the same period, FDIC insurance
expense increased $273,000, or 26.0%, data processing increased $272,000, or 9.4%, professional fees, which is comprised of legal
fees, audit and professional fees, increased $161,000, or 5.9%, due to the recent settlement of litigation, and advertising expense
increased $87,000, or 6.2%. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in salaries and employee benefits of $483,000,
or 1.5%, due to lower incentive compensation costs, occupancy expense decreased $76,000, or 1.5%, and furniture and equipment expense
decreased $72,000, or 3.6%.
68
For the twelve months ended December 31,
2023, the efficiency ratio was 74.0%, compared to 61.8% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. For the twelve months ended
December 31, 2023, the adjusted efficiency ratio, a non-GAAP financial measure, was 74.3%, compared to 63.6% for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2022. For more information regarding the Company’s use of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation
of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
Income Taxes.
Income tax expense for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2023 was $4.5 million, with an effective tax rate of 23.1%, compared to $8.7 million, with an effective tax
rate of 25.2%, for twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in income tax expense for the twelve months ended December
31, 2023 compared to the twelve months December 31, 2022 was due to lower income before income taxes in 2023.
Liquidity and Capital
Resources.
The term “liquidity”
refers to our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to fund loan originations, loan purchases, deposit withdrawals and operating
expenses. Our primary sources of liquidity are deposits, scheduled amortization and prepayments of loan principal and mortgage-backed
securities, maturities and calls of investment securities and funds provided by our operations. We also can borrow funds from the
FHLB based on eligible collateral of loans and securities. Our material cash commitments include funding loan originations, fulfilling
contractual obligations with third-party service providers, maintaining operating leases for certain of our Bank properties and
satisfying repayment of our long-term debt obligations.
Primary Sources
of Liquidity
The Company, on an ongoing
basis, closely monitors the Company’s liquidity position for compliance with internal policies, and believes that available
sources of liquidity are adequate to meet funding needs in the normal course of business. As part of that monitoring process,
the Company stresses the potential liabilities calculation to ensure a strong liquidity position. Included in the calculation
are assumptions of some significant deposit run-off as well as funds needed for loan closing and investment purchases. The
Company does not anticipate engaging in any activities, either currently or over the long-term, for which adequate funding would
not be available and which would therefore result in significant pressure on liquidity. However, an economic recession could
negatively impact the Company’s liquidity. The Bank relies heavily on FHLB as a source of funds, particularly with
its overnight line of credit. In past economic recessions, some FHLB branches have suspended dividends, cut dividend payments,
and not bought back excess FHLB stock that members hold in an effort to conserve capital. FHLB has stated that it expects
to be able to continue to pay dividends, redeem excess capital stock, and provide competitively priced advances in the future.
At December 31, 2023
and December 31, 2022, outstanding borrowings from the FHLB were $40.6 million and $36.2 million, respectively. At December 31,
2023, we had $535.6 million in available borrowing capacity with the FHLB. We have the ability to increase our borrowing capacity
with the FHLB by pledging investment securities or additional loans.
The Company has an available line of credit
of $48.6 million with the FRB Discount Window at an interest rate determined and reset on a daily basis. Borrowings from the FRB
Discount Window are secured by certain securities from the Company’s investment portfolio not otherwise pledged. As of December
31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no advances outstanding under either of these lines.
On March 12, 2023, the FRB made available
the BTFP, which enhances the ability of banks to borrow greater amounts against certain high-quality, unencumbered investments
at par value. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company participated in the BTFP, which enabled the Company to pay off
higher rate FHLB advances. With the BTFP, the Company has the ability to pay off the BTFP advance prior to maturity without incurring
a penalty or termination fee.
69
At December 31, 2023, long-term debt included
$90.0 million in outstanding advances under the BTFP with a weighted average fixed rate of 4.71%. There were no advances outstanding
with the FRB under the BTFP at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, the Company had $23.6 million in available borrowing capacity
under the BTFP.
In addition, we have available lines of
credit of $15.0 million and $10.0 million with other correspondent banks. Interest rates on these lines are determined and reset
on a daily basis by each respective bank. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not have an outstanding balance under either of
these lines of credit. In addition, we may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with approved broker-dealers. Reverse repurchase
agreements are agreements that allow us to borrow money using our securities as collateral.
We also have outstanding at any time, a
significant number of commitments to extend credit and provide financial guarantees to third parties. These arrangements are subject
to strict credit control assessments. Guarantees specify limits to our obligations. Because many commitments and almost all guarantees
expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not estimates of future cash flows. We are also obligated
under agreements with the FHLB to repay borrowed funds and are obligated under leases for certain of our branches and equipment.
Maturing investment securities
are a relatively predictable source of funds. However, deposit flows, calls of securities and prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed
securities are strongly influenced by interest rates, general and local economic conditions and competition in the marketplace.
These factors reduce the predictability of the timing of these sources of funds.
The Company’s primary
activities are the origination of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and residential real estate loans,
as well as and the purchase of mortgage-backed and other investment securities. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we originated
$225.6 million in loans, compared to $447.4 million in 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2023, total loans increased $35.9
million, or 1.8%, compared to an increase of $126.7 million, or 6.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023,
the Company had approximately $92.0 million in loan commitments and letters of credit to borrowers and approximately $352.5 million
in available home equity and other unadvanced lines of credit.
Deposit inflows and outflows
are affected by the level of interest rates, the products and interest rates offered by competitors and by other factors. At December
31, 2023, time deposit accounts scheduled to mature within one year totaled $596.3 million. Based on the Company’s deposit
retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate that a significant portion of these time deposits will remain
on deposit. We monitor our liquidity position frequently and anticipate that it will have sufficient funds to meet our current
funding commitments for the next 12 months and beyond.
At December 31, 2023,
the Company and the Bank exceeded each of the applicable regulatory capital requirements (See Note 13, Regulatory Capital,
to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our regulatory requirements).
Material Cash Commitments
The Company entered into
a long-term contractual obligation with a vendor for use of its core provider and ancillary services beginning in 2016. Total remaining
contractual obligations outstanding with this vendor as of December 31, 2023 were estimated to be $11.6 million, with $5.4 million
expected to be paid within one year and the remaining $6.2 million to be paid within the next three years. Further, the Company
has operating leases for certain of its banking offices and ATMs. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to
fifteen years, some of which include options to extend the leases for additional five-year terms up to ten years. Undiscounted
lease liabilities totaled $9.9 million as of December 31, 2023. Principal payments expected to be made on our lease liabilities
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 were $1.5 million. The remaining lease liability payments totaled $8.4 million
and are expected to be made after December 31, 2024 (See Note 12, Leases, to our consolidated financial statements for further
information on our lease obligations).
In addition, the Company
completed an offering of $20 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.875% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes (the
“Notes”) to certain qualified institutional buyers in a private placement transaction on April 20, 2021. Unless earlier
redeemed, the Notes mature on May 1, 2031. At December 31, 2022, $19.7 million aggregate principle amount of the Notes was outstanding.
The Notes will bear interest from the initial issue date to, but excluding, May 1, 2026, or the earlier redemption date, at a fixed
rate of 4.875% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on May 1, August 1, November 1 and February 1 of each year, beginning August
1, 2021, and from and including May 1, 2026, but excluding the maturity date or earlier redemption date, equal to the benchmark
rate, which is the 90-day average secured overnight financing rate, plus 412 basis points, determined on the determination date
of the applicable interest period, payable quarterly in arrears on May 1, August 1, November 1 and February 1 of each year. The
Company may also redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, on or after May 1, 2026, and at any time upon the occurrence of certain
events, subject in each case to the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (See Note 8, Long-Term Debt,
to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our long-term debt).
70
We do not anticipate
any material capital expenditures during the calendar year 2024, except in pursuance of the Company’s strategic initiatives.
The Company does not have any balloon or other payments due on any long-term obligations or any off-balance sheet items other than
the commitments and unused lines of credit noted above.
Off-Balance Sheet
Arrangements.
The Company does not
have any off-balance sheet arrangements, other than noted above and in Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, to our consolidated
financial statements, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes
in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that
is material to investors.
Management of Market Risk.
As a
financial institution, our primary market risk is interest rate risk since substantially all transactions are denominated in U.S.
dollars with no direct foreign exchange or changes in commodity price exposure. Fluctuations in interest rates will affect both
our level of income and expense on a large portion of our assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in interest rates will also affect
the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
The Company’s interest rate management
strategy is to limit fluctuations in net interest income as interest rates vary up or down and control variations in the market
value of assets, liabilities and net worth as interest rates vary. We seek to coordinate asset and liability decisions so that,
under changing interest rate scenarios, net interest income will remain within an acceptable range.
In order to achieve the Company’s
objectives of managing interest rate risk, the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) meets periodically
to discuss and monitor the market interest rate environment relative to interest rates that are offered on our products. ALCO presents
quarterly reports to the Board of Directors which includes the Company’s interest rate risk position and liquidity position.
The Company’s primary
source of funds are deposits, consisting primarily of time deposits, money market accounts, savings accounts, demand accounts and
interest-bearing checking accounts, which have shorter terms to maturity than the loan portfolio. Several strategies have been
employed to manage the interest rate risk inherent in the asset/liability mix, including but not limited to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | maintaining the diversity of our existing loan portfolio through residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | emphasizing investments with an expected average duration of five years or less; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | when appropriate, using interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate position of the balance sheet. |
In 2022, cash flows from
deposit inflows were used to fund loan growth and purchase HTM and AFS securities. The Company continues its emphasis on growing
commercial loans, which typically have variable interest rates and shorter maturities than residential loans.
The actual amount of
time before loans are repaid can be significantly affected by changes in market interest rates. Prepayment rates will also vary
due to a number of other factors, including the regional economy in the area where the loans were originated, seasonal factors,
demographic variables and the assumability of the loans. However, the major factors affecting prepayment rates are prevailing interest
rates, related financing opportunities and competition. We monitor interest rate sensitivity so that we can adjust our asset and
liability mix in a timely manner and minimize the negative effects of changing rates.
71
The Company’s liquidity
sources are vulnerable to various uncertainties beyond our control. Loan amortization and investment cash flows are a relatively
stable source of funds, while loan and investment prepayments and calls, as well as deposit flows vary widely in reaction to market
conditions, primarily prevailing interest rates. Asset sales are influenced by pledging activities, general market interest rates
and unforeseen market conditions. Our financial condition is affected by our ability to borrow at attractive rates, retain deposits
at market rates and other market conditions. We consider our sources of liquidity to be adequate to meet expected funding needs
and also to be responsive to changing interest rate markets.
Interest Rate Risk.
Interest rate risk represents
the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams
associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary component of our earnings.
ALCO utilizes the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income
to sustained interest rate changes. While ALCO routinely monitors simulated net interest income sensitivity over a rolling two-year
horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The simulation model
captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning
assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated balance sheet, as well as for derivative financial instruments.
This sensitivity analysis is compared to ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure
over a one and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth.
The repricing and/or new rates of assets
and liabilities moved in tandem with market rates. However, in certain deposit products, the use of data from a historical analysis
indicated that the rates on these products would move only a fraction of the rate change amount. Pertinent data from each loan
account, deposit account and investment security was used to calculate future cash flows. The data included such items as maturity
date, payment amount, next repricing date, repricing frequency, repricing index, repricing spread, caps and floors. Prepayment
speed assumptions were based upon the difference between the account rate and the current market rate. We also evaluate changes
in interest rate sensitivity under various scenarios including but not limited to nonparallel shifts in the yield curve, variances
in prepayment speeds and variances to correlations of instrument rates to market indexes.
The table below shows
our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflecting the following changes to net interest income for the first and second years
of the simulation model. The analysis assumes no balance sheet growth, a parallel shift in interest rates, and all rate changes
were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder of the simulation
horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changes in Interest Rates | At December 31, 2023 | At December 31, 2022 | ||||||
| 1 – 12 Months | ||||||||
| +200 basis points | -4.1 | % | -3.9 | % | ||||
| -200 basis points | 3.4 | % | 2.2 | % | ||||
| 13 – 24 Months | ||||||||
| +200 basis points | -0.4 | % | 0.2 | % | ||||
| -200 basis points | 23.3 | % | 11.4 | % |
72
The preceding sensitivity analysis does
not represent a forecast of net interest income, nor do the calculations represent any actions that management may undertake in
response to changes in interest rates. They should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These
hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature and timing of interest rate levels,
yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits and reinvestment/replacement
of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, we
cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences
might change.
Periodically, if deemed appropriate, we
may use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to hedge our interest rate exposure
to interest rate movements. The Board of Directors has approved hedging policy statements governing the use of these instruments.
These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and involve the receipt of variable rate amounts from a counterparty
in exchange for our making fixed payments.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements.
Refer to Note 1 to our consolidated financial
statements for a summary of the recent accounting pronouncements.
Impact of Inflation
and Changing Prices.
The Company’s consolidated
financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP generally requires the measurement
of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without consideration for changes in the relative purchasing
power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of our operations. Unlike
industrial companies, our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature. As a result, changes in market interest rates
have a greater impact on performance than do the effects of inflation.
FY 2022 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001387131-23-003325.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto,
each appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Management’s discussion focuses on 2022 results compared to 2021.
For a discussion of 2021 results compared to 2020, refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report filed on Form 10-K, which was filed
with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
Overview.
We
strive to remain a leader in meeting the financial service needs of the local community and to provide quality service to the
individuals and businesses in the market areas that we have served since 1853. Historically, we have been a community-oriented
provider of traditional banking products and services to business organizations and individuals, including products such as residential
and commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and a variety of deposit products. We meet the needs of our local community through
a community-based and service-oriented approach to banking.
We
have adopted a growth-oriented strategy that continues to focus on increasing commercial lending and residential lending. Our
strategy also calls for increasing deposit relationships, specifically core deposits, and broadening our product lines and services.
We believe that this business strategy is best for our long-term success and viability, and complements our existing commitment
to high quality customer service.
In
connection with our overall growth strategy, we seek to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow the Company’s commercial loan portfolio and related commercial deposits by targeting businesses in our primary market area of Hampden County and Hampshire County in western Massachusetts and Hartford and Tolland Counties in northern Connecticut to increase the net interest margin and loan income; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Supplement the commercial portfolio by growing the residential real estate portfolio to diversify the loan portfolio and deepen customer relationships; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Focus on expanding our retail banking deposit franchise and increase the number of households served within our designated market area; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Invest in people, systems and technology to grow revenue, improve efficiency and enhance the overall customer experience; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Grow revenues, increase tangible book value, continue to pay competitive dividends to shareholders and utilize the Company’s stock repurchase plan to leverage our capital and enhance franchise value; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Consider growth through acquisitions. We may pursue expansion opportunities in existing or adjacent strategic locations with companies that add complementary products to our existing business and at terms that add value to our existing shareholders. |
You
should read the following financial results for the year ended December 31, 2022 in the context of this strategy.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, net income was $25.9 million, or $1.18 diluted earnings per share, compared to net
income of $23.7 million, or $1.02 diluted earnings per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The results for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2022 showed increases in net interest income and non-interest income, which were both partially
offset by increases in the provision for loan losses and non-interest expense.
49
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, net interest income increased $6.0 million, or 8.3%, to $79.2 million, compared to
$73.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The increase in net interest income was due to an increase in interest
and dividend income of $6.1 million, or 7.6%, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $24,000, or 0.4%. For the
twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company generated net interest income growth of 8.3%, overcoming a $6.0 million, or
89.2%, decrease in PPP income as the PPP program comes to a close. Excluding PPP income of $728,000 and $6.8 million for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2022 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, respectively, net interest income increased $12.1
million, or 18.2% for the same period.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the provision for loan losses was $700,000, compared to a credit for loan losses of
$925,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The Company recorded net charge-offs of $556,000 for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2022, as compared to net charge-offs of $445,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
General.
Our
consolidated results of operations depend primarily on net interest and dividend income. Net interest and dividend income is the
difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
Interest-earning assets consist primarily of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, residential real estate
loans and securities. Interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of certificates of deposit and money market accounts, demand
deposit accounts and savings account deposits and borrowings from the FHLB. The consolidated results of operations also depend
on the provision for loan losses, non-interest income, and non-interest expense. Non-interest income includes service fees and
charges, income on bank-owned life insurance, gains on sales of mortgages, gains on non-marketable equity investments and gains
(losses) on securities. Non-interest expense includes salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expenses, data processing, advertising
expense, FDIC insurance assessment, professional fees and other general and administrative expenses.
Loan
Modifications/Troubled Debt Restructurings.
The
Company implemented a modification deferral program under the CARES Act, which allowed residential, commercial and consumer borrowers
who were adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, to defer loan payments for a set period of time. As of December 31, 2022,
the Company had no modified loans remaining under the CARES Act.
Allowance
for Loan Losses.
In
determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company considers quantitative loss factors and a number of qualitative factors,
such as underwriting policies, current economic conditions, delinquency statistics, the adequacy of the underlying collateral
and the financial strength of the borrower. The long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic could cause us to experience higher
credit losses in our lending portfolio, reduce demand for our products and services and other negative impacts on our financial
position, results of operations and prospects. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s delinquency and nonperforming assets
have not been materially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore, have not resulted in material credit losses within
the lending portfolio.
Critical
Accounting Policies.
Our
accounting policies are disclosed in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements. Given our current business strategy and
asset/liability structure, the more critical policy is the allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses. In addition
to the informational disclosure in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, our policy on this accounting policy is
described in detail in the applicable sections of “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations.” Senior management has discussed the development and selection of this accounting policy
and the related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
50
The
process of evaluating the loan portfolio, classifying loans and determining the allowance and provision is described in detail
in Part I under “Business – Lending Activities - Allowance for Loan Losses.” This evaluation is inherently
subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change. Our methodology for assessing the
allocation of the allowance consists of two key components, which are a specific allowance for impaired loans and a general allowance
for the remainder of the portfolio. Measurement of impairment can be based on present value of expected future cash flows discounted
at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral, if
the loan is collateral dependent. The allocation of the allowance is also reviewed by management based upon our evaluation of
then-existing economic and business conditions affecting our key lending areas and other conditions, such as new loan products,
credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions), collateral values,
loan volumes and concentrations, specific industry conditions within portfolio segments that existed as of the balance sheet date
and the impact that such conditions were believed to have had on the collectability of the loan portfolio.
Although
management believes it has established and maintained the allowance for loan losses at adequate levels, if management’s
assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect due to continued deterioration in economic, real estate and other conditions,
and the allowance for loan losses is not adequate to absorb inherent losses, our earnings and capital could be significantly and
adversely affected. There were no changes to the Company’s allowance for loan losses methodology during the year ended December
31, 2022.
Analysis
of Net Interest Income.
The
Company’s earnings are largely dependent on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on
loans and investments and the cost of funding (primarily deposits and borrowings). Net interest income expressed as a percentage
of average interest-earning assets is referred to as net interest margin. For more information regarding the Company’s use
of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
51
Average
Balance Sheet.
The following
table sets forth information relating to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The average yields
and costs are derived by dividing interest income or interest expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing
liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. Average balances are derived from average daily balances. The yields include
fees which are considered adjustments to yields. Loan interest and yield data does not include any accrued interest from non-accruing
loans.
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Average Yield/ | Average | AverageYield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | Interest | Cost | Balance | Interest | Cost | Balance | Interest | Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1)(2) | $ | 1,953,527 | $ | 77,758 | 3.98 | % | $ | 1,887,926 | $ | 74,620 | 3.95 | % | $ | 1,922,607 | $ | 78,284 | 4.07 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities(2) | 407,444 | 8,299 | 2.04 | 319,778 | 5,398 | 1.69 | 214,312 | 4,360 | 2.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 10,289 | 177 | 1.72 | 10,242 | 115 | 1.12 | 14,915 | 587 | 3.94 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments(3) | 25,712 | 191 | 0.74 | 111,931 | 139 | 0.12 | 45,858 | 109 | 0.24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 2,396,972 | 86,425 | 3.61 | 2,329,877 | 80,272 | 3.45 | 2,197,692 | 83,340 | 3.79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-earning assets | 152,941 | 147,980 | 140,725 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,549,913 | $ | 2,477,857 | $ | 2,338,417 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | $ | 139,993 | 530 | 0.38 | $ | 109,648 | 399 | 0.36 | $ | 86,086 | 387 | 0.45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 222,267 | 161 | 0.07 | 205,394 | 154 | 0.07 | 153,073 | 136 | 0.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 890,763 | 3,187 | 0.36 | 776,725 | 2,412 | 0.31 | 521,692 | 2,838 | 0.54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 363,258 | 1,474 | 0.41 | 477,067 | 2,543 | 0.53 | 634,111 | 10,139 | 1.60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 1,616,281 | 5,352 | 0.33 | 1,568,834 | 5,508 | 0.35 | 1,394,962 | 13,500 | 0.97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings and long-term debt | 31,556 | 1,344 | 4.26 | 38,294 | 1,164 | 3.04 | 190,752 | 4,945 | 2.59 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | 1,647,837 | 6,696 | 0.41 | 1,607,128 | 6,672 | 0.42 | 1,585,714 | 18,445 | 1.16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing deposits | 647,971 | 608,936 | 489,602 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-interest-bearing liabilities | 35,615 | 39,108 | 32,251 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-bearing liabilities | 683,586 | 648,044 | 521,853 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 2,331,423 | 2,255,172 | 2,107,567 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 218,490 | 222,685 | 230,850 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 2,549,913 | $ | 2,477,857 | $ | 2,338,417 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Tax-equivalent adjustment(2) | (497 | ) | (424 | ) | (465 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend income | $ | 79,232 | $ | 73,177 | $ | 64,430 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread(4) | 3.18 | % | 3.01 | % | 2.61 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis(5) | 3.20 | % | 3.03 | % | 2.63 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin(6) | 3.31 | % | 3.14 | % | 2.93 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis(7) | 3.33 | % | 3.16 | % | 2.95 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | 145.46 | % | 144.97 | % | 138.59 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Loans, including nonaccrual loans, are net of deferred loan origination costs and unadvanced funds. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (2) | Loan and securities income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2022, 2021 and 2020. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income to agree to the amount reported on the consolidated statements of net income. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (3) | Short-term investments include federal funds sold. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (4) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (5) | Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents the difference between the tax-equivalent weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the tax-equivalent weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (6) | Net interest margin represents net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (7) | Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
52
Rate/Volume
Analysis.
The
following table shows how changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities have affected our interest and dividend income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided
in each category with respect to: (1) interest income changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied
by prior rate); (2) interest income changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and
(3) the net change.
The
changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume
and the changes due to rate.
| Year Ended December 31, 2022 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2021 | Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to | Increase (Decrease) Due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | (In thousands) | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (1) | $ | 2,593 | $ | 545 | $ | 3,138 | $ | (1,428 | ) | $ | (2,236 | ) | $ | (3,664 | ) | |||||||||
| Investment securities (1) | 1,480 | 1,421 | 2,901 | 2,136 | (1,098 | ) | 1,038 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 1 | 60 | 61 | (184 | ) | (287 | ) | (471 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | (107 | ) | 159 | 52 | 160 | (130 | ) | 30 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 3,967 | 2,185 | 6,152 | 684 | (3,751 | ) | (3,067 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | 110 | 21 | 131 | 106 | (94 | ) | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 13 | (6 | ) | 7 | 48 | (30 | ) | 18 | ||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 354 | 421 | 775 | 1,367 | (1,793 | ) | (426 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | (607 | ) | (462 | ) | (1,069 | ) | (2,510 | ) | (5,086 | ) | (7,596 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowing and long-term debt | (205 | ) | 385 | 180 | (3,951 | ) | 170 | (3,781 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | (335 | ) | 359 | 24 | (4,940 | ) | (6,833 | ) | (11,773 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Change in net interest and dividend income | $ | 4,302 | $ | 1,826 | $ | 6,128 | $ | 5,624 | $ | 3,082 | $ | 8,706 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Securities and loan income and net interest income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2022, 2021 and 2020. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest income to agree to the amount reported in the consolidated statements of net income. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
53
Explanation
of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.
We
believe that it is common practice in the banking industry to present interest income and related yield information on tax-exempt
loans and securities on a tax-equivalent basis and that such information is useful to investors because it facilitates comparisons
among financial institutions. However, the adjustment of interest income and yields on tax-exempt loans and securities to a tax-equivalent
amount is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation from GAAP to non-GAAP is provided below.
| For the twelve months ended | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/31/2022 | 12/31/2021 | 12/31/2020 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Loans (no tax adjustment) | $ | 77,264 | $ | 74,200 | $ | 77,837 | ||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 494 | 420 | 447 | |||||||||
| Loans (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 77,758 | $ | 74,620 | $ | 78,284 | ||||||
| Securities (no tax adjustment) | $ | 8,296 | $ | 5,394 | $ | 4,342 | ||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 3 | 4 | 18 | |||||||||
| Securities (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 8,299 | $ | 5,398 | $ | 4,360 | ||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 79,232 | $ | 73,177 | $ | 64,430 | ||||||
| Tax equivalent adjustment (1) | 497 | 424 | 465 | |||||||||
| Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 79,729 | $ | 73,601 | $ | 64,895 | ||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 79,232 | $ | 73,177 | $ | 64,430 | ||||||
| Less: | ||||||||||||
| Purchase accounting adjustments | 175 | (55 | ) | 976 | ||||||||
| Prepayment penalties and fees | 281 | 181 | 409 | |||||||||
| PPP fee income | 728 | 6,769 | 4,842 | |||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income (non-GAAP) | $ | 78,048 | $ | 66,282 | $ | 58,203 | ||||||
| Average interest-earning assets | $ | 2,396,972 | $ | 2,329,877 | $ | 2,197,692 | ||||||
| Average interest-earnings asset, excluding average PPP loans | $ | 2,391,252 | $ | 2,219,286 | $ | 2,052,188 | ||||||
| Net interest margin (no tax adjustment) | 3.31 | % | 3.14 | % | 2.93 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin, tax-equivalent | 3.33 | % | 3.16 | % | 2.95 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted net interest margin, excluding purchase accounting adjustments, PPP fee income and prepayment penalties (non-GAAP) | 3.26 | % | 2.99 | % | 2.84 | % |
54
| For the twelve months ended | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/31/2022 | 12/31/2021 | 12/31/2020 | ||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Income Before Income Taxes (GAAP) | $ | 34,629 | $ | 31,724 | $ | 14,156 | ||||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses | 700 | (925 | ) | 7,775 | ||||||||
| PPP income | (728 | ) | (6,769 | ) | (4,842 | ) | ||||||
| Gain on defined benefit plan curtailment | (2,807 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Income Before Taxes, Provision, PPP Income and Defined Benefit Curtailment (non-GAAP) | $ | 31,794 | $ | 24,030 | $ | 17,089 | ||||||
| Adjusted Efficiency Ratio: | ||||||||||||
| Non-interest Expense (GAAP) | $ | 57,235 | $ | 54,942 | $ | 51,750 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Loss on prepayment of borrowings | — | (45 | ) | (987 | ) | |||||||
| Non-interest Expense for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 57,235 | $ | 54,897 | $ | 50,763 | ||||||
| Net Interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 79,232 | $ | 73,177 | $ | 64,430 | ||||||
| Non-interest Income (GAAP) | $ | 13,332 | $ | 12,564 | $ | 9,251 | ||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||
| Loss (gain) on securities, net | 4 | 72 | (1,965 | ) | ||||||||
| Unrealized losses (gain) on marketable equity securities | 717 | 168 | (109 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss on interest rate swap termination | — | 402 | 2,353 | |||||||||
| Gain on non-marketable equity investments | (422 | ) | (898 | ) | — | |||||||
| Gain on defined benefit plan curtailment | (2,807 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
| Non-interest Income for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 10,824 | $ | 12,308 | $ | 9,530 | ||||||
| Total Revenue for Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP) | $ | 90,056 | $ | 85,485 | $ | 73,960 | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (GAAP) | 61.83 | % | 64.08 | % | 70.24 | % | ||||||
| Adjusted Efficiency Ratio (Non-interest Expense for Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)/Total Revenue for Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)) | 63.55 | % | 64.64 | % | 69.97 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | The tax equivalent adjustment is based upon a 21% tax rate for 2022, 2021 and 2020. |
55
Comparison
of Financial Condition at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
At
December 31, 2022, total assets were $2.6 billion, an increase of $14.7 million, or 0.6%, from December 31, 2021. The balance
sheet composition and changes since December 31, 2021 are discussed below.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents.
Cash
and cash equivalents is comprised of cash on hand and amounts due from banks, interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions
and federal funds sold. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $30.3 million, or 1.2% of total assets, at December 31, 2022 and $103.5
million, or 4.1% of total assets, at December 31, 2021. Balances in cash and cash equivalents will fluctuate due primarily to
the timing of net deposit flows, borrowing and loan inflows and outflows, investment purchases and maturities, calls and sales
proceeds, and the immediate liquidity needs of the Company. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2022 is
primarily due to the Company utilizing cash on hand to fund loan growth during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Investments.
At
December 31, 2022, the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio decreased $47.4 million, or 24.4%, from $194.4
million at December 31, 2021 to $147.0 million at December 31, 2022. The held-to-maturity securities portfolio, recorded at amortized
cost, increased $7.9 million, or 3.6%, from $222.3 million at December 31, 2021 to $230.2 million at December 31, 2022. The marketable
equity securities portfolio decreased $5.7 million, or 47.6%, from $11.9 million at December 31, 2021 to $6.2 million at December
31, 2022. The decreases were due to principal pay downs and redemptions, as well as an increase in unrealized loss on securities
available-for-sale. The primary objective of the investment portfolio is to provide liquidity and maximize income while preserving
the safety of principal.
The
Bank is required to purchase FHLB stock at par value in association with advances from the FHLB. The stock is classified as a
restricted investment and carried at cost which management believes approximates fair value. The Company’s investment in
FHLB capital stock amounted to $2.9 million and $2.2 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
At
December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company held $423,000 of Atlantic Community Bankers Bank stock. The stock is restricted and carried
in other assets at cost. The stock is evaluated for impairment based on an estimate of the ultimate recovery to the par value.
Loans.
At
December 31, 2022, total loans were $2.0 billion, an increase of $126.7 million, or 6.8%, from December 31, 2021. Excluding PPP
loans, total loans increased $149.7 million, or 8.1%, driven by an increase in commercial real estate loans of $89.4 million,
or 9.1%, an increase in total commercial and industrial loans of $16.2 million, or 8.1%, an increase in residential real estate
loans, which include home equity loans, of $43.0 million, or 6.6%, and a decrease in PPP loans of $23.1 million, or 91.0%, from
December 31, 2021. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company sold $277,000 and $59.7 million, respectively,
of fixed rate, low coupon residential real estate loans to the secondary market. As of December 31, 2022, the Company serviced
$79.3 million in loans sold to the secondary market, compared to $88.2 million at December 31, 2021. Servicing rights will likely
continue to be retained on all loans written and sold to the secondary market.
Bank-Owned
Life Insurance (“BOLI”).
The
Company indirectly utilizes the earnings on BOLI to offset the cost of the Company’s benefit plans. The cash surrender value
of BOLI was $74.6 million and $72.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Deposits.
At
December 31, 2022, total deposits were $2.2 billion, a decrease of $27.5 million, or 1.2%, from December 31, 2021, primarily due
to a decrease in core deposits of $37.1 million, or 2.0%. Core deposits, which the Company defines as all deposits except time
deposits, decreased from $1.9 billion, or 82.2% of total deposits, at December 31, 2021, to $1.8 billion, or 81.5% of total deposits,
at December 31, 2022. Non-interest-bearing deposits increased $4.2 million, or 0.7%, to $645.5 million, interest-bearing checking
accounts increased $3.0 million, or 2.1%, to $148.7 million, savings accounts increased $4.8 million, or 2.2%, to $222.4 million,
and money market accounts decreased $49.3 million, or 5.8%, to $801.1 million. Time deposits increased $9.7 million, or 2.4%,
from $402.0 million at December 31, 2021 to $411.7 million at December 31, 2022.
56
Borrowed
Funds.
At
December 31, 2022, total borrowings increased $39.9 million, or 178.9%, from $22.3 million at December 31, 2021, to $62.2 million.
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt increased $39.9 million to $42.5 million and subordinated debt outstanding totaled $19.7
million at December 31, 2022 and $19.6 million at December 31, 2021.
Shareholders’
Equity.
At
December 31, 2022, shareholders’ equity was $228.1 million, or 8.9% of total assets, compared to $223.7 million, or 8.8%
of total assets, at December 31, 2021. The increase in shareholders’ equity reflects net income of $25.9 million, partially
offset by $6.4 million for the repurchase of the Company’s common stock, the payment of regular cash dividends of $5.3 million
and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $12.7 million. Total shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 were
22,216,789.
The
Company’s book value per share was $10.27 at December 31, 2022 compared to $9.87 at December 31, 2021, while tangible book
value per share, a non-GAAP financial measure, increased $0.40, or 4.3%, from $9.21 at December 31, 2021 to $9.61 at December
31, 2022. Reflected in the book value and tangible book value changes during the year ended December 31, 2022 are the Federal
Reserve’s 425 basis points interest rate increases, which resulted in significant changes in unrealized gains and losses
on investment securities. Such unrealized gains and losses are generally due to changes in interest rates and represent the difference,
net of applicable income tax effect, between the estimated fair value and amortized cost of investment securities classified as
available-for-sale. The Company had no other-than-temporary impairment charges in its investment portfolio in 2022 or 2021. Tangible
book value is a Non-GAAP measure. For more information regarding the Company’s use of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation
of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.” As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory
capital ratios continued to exceed the levels required to be considered “well-capitalized” under federal banking regulations.
Pension
Plan.
On
October 31, 2022, the Board of Director’s previously approved termination of the Westfield Bank Defined Benefit Pension
Plan (“DB Plan”) became effective, subject to regulatory approvals. Once the Company has received regulatory approval
to terminate the DB Plan, which is expected in the first quarter of 2023, the Company will make an additional cash contribution
during the second quarter of 2023, if necessary, in order to fully fund the DB Plan on a plan termination basis, followed by the
purchase of annuity contracts to transfer its remaining liabilities under the DB Plan, for those participants who do not opt for
a one-time lump sum payment. The actual amount of this cash contribution, if any, will depend upon the nature and timing of participant
settlements, as well as prevailing market conditions. At December 31, 2022, the Company reversed $7.3 million in net unrealized
losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income attributed to both the DB plan curtailment resulting from the termination
of the DB Plan as well as changes in discount rates. In addition, the Company recorded a gain on curtailment of $2.8 million through
non-interest income. The improvement in book value and tangible book value for the three months ended December 31, 2022 were primarily
related to the termination of the DB Plan.
Assets
under Management.
Total
assets under management include loans serviced for others and investment assets under management. Loans serviced for others and
investment assets under management are not carried as assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, and as such, total assets
under management is not a financial measurement recognized under GAAP, however, management believes its disclosure provides information
useful in understanding the trends in total assets under management.
The
Company provides a wide range of investment advisory and wealth management services through Westfield Investment Services through
LPL Financial, a third-party broker-dealer. Investment assets under management decreased $35.6 million, or 18.9%, from $188.1
million for the year ended December 31, 2021, to $152.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
57
Comparison
of Operating Results for Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
General.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company reported net income of $25.9 million, or $1.18 per diluted share, compared
to $23.7 million, or $1.02 per diluted share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
Net
Interest Income and Net Interest Margin.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, net interest income increased $6.0 million, or 8.3%, to $79.2 million, compared to
$73.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The increase in net interest income was due to an increase in interest
and dividend income of $6.1 million, or 7.6%, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $24,000, or 0.4%. For the
twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company generated net interest income growth of 8.3%, overcoming a $6.0 million, or
89.2%, decrease in PPP income as the PPP program comes to a close. Excluding PPP income of $728,000 and $6.8 million for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2022 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, respectively, net interest income increased $12.1
million, or 18.2% for the same period.
The
net interest margin for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was 3.31%, compared to 3.14% during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2021. The net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, was 3.33% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022,
compared to 3.16% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Excluding the PPP income, the net interest margin increased 29
basis points from 2.99% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to 3.28% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
The
average yield on interest-earning assets increased 15 basis point from 3.43% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to
3.58% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the average cost of funds,
including non-interest-bearing demand accounts and borrowings, decreased one basis point from 0.30% for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2021 to 0.29% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the average
cost of core deposits, including non-interest-bearing demand deposits, increased three basis points from 0.17% for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2021 to 0.20% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The average cost of time deposits decreased
12 basis points from 0.53% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to 0.41% during the same period in 2022. The average
cost of borrowings, which include FHLB advances and subordinated debt, increased 122 basis points from 3.04% for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2021 to 4.26% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, due to the issuance of $20.0 million in subordinated
debt in April 2021.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, average demand deposits, an interest-free source of funds, increased $39.0 million,
or 6.4%, from $609.0 million, or 28.0% of total average deposits, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, to $648.0 million,
or 28.6% of total average deposits, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, average interest-earning assets increased $67.1 million, or 2.9%, to $2.4 billion.
The increase in average interest-earning assets was due to an increase in average loans of $65.6 million, or 3.5%, as well as
an increase in average securities of $87.7 million, or 27.4%, partially offset by a decrease of $86.2 million, or 77.0%, in short-term
investments, which consists of cash and cash equivalents. Excluding average PPP loans, average loans increased $170.5 million,
or 9.6%, and average interest-earnings assets increased $172.0 million, or 7.7%.
Provision
for Loan Losses.
The
provision for loan losses is reviewed by management based upon our evaluation of then-existing economic and business conditions
affecting our key lending areas and other conditions, such as new loan products, credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming
loans expected to result from existing conditions), collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, specific industry conditions
within portfolio segments that existed as of the balance sheet date and the impact that such conditions were believed to have
had on the collectability of the loan portfolio.
58
The
provision for loan losses increased $1.6 million, to $700,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, from a credit for
loan losses of $925,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, primarily driven by loan growth during the year ended December
31, 2022. The credit for loan losses for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was due to the Company reducing its qualitative
factors related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other economic trends used in the Company’s allowance.
The
Company recorded net charge-offs of $556,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, as compared to net charge-offs of
$445,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 1.00%
at December 31, 2022, compared to 1.06% at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022, the allowance for loan losses as a percentage
of nonperforming loans was 350.0%, compared to 398.6%, at December 31, 2021.
Although
management believes it has established and maintained the allowance for loan losses at appropriate levels, future adjustments
may be necessary if economic, real estate and other conditions differ substantially from the current operating environment.
Non-Interest
Income.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, non-interest income increased $768,000, or 6.1%, from $12.6 million for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2021 to $13.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. During the twelve months ended
December 31, 2021, non-interest income included the recognition of $555,000 in BOLI death benefits. During the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022, service charges and fees increased $712,000, or 8.5%, and mortgage banking income decreased $1.4 million from
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. In 2021, the Company sold $59.7 million
in fixed rate residential real estate loans to the secondary market, compared to $277,000 in sales during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022. Other income from loan-level swap fees on commercial loans decreased $33,000, or 56.9%, and income from BOLI
decreased $187,000, or 9.8%.
On
October 31, 2022, the termination of the Westfield Bank Defined Benefit Pension Plan (the “DB Plan”) became effective,
subject to regulatory approvals expected in the first quarter of 2023, with final settlement expected to occur occurring in the
second quarter of 2023. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded a curtailment gain related to the
DB Plan termination of $2.8 million through non-interest income. Excluding the defined benefit curtailment gain as a result of
the termination of the DB Plan and BOLI death benefits, non-interest income decreased $1.5 million, or 12.5%. During the twelve
months ended December 31, 2022, the Company reported unrealized losses on marketable equity securities of $717,000, compared to
unrealized losses of $168,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022,
the Company also reported realized losses on the sale of securities of $4,000, compared to realized losses on the sale of securities
of $72,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. In addition, the Company reported a gain of $422,000 on non-marketable
equity investments during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, compared to $898,000 during the twelve months ended December
31, 2021. Gains and losses from the investment portfolio vary from quarter to quarter based on market conditions, as well as the
related yield curve and valuation changes. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company also recognized a loss
on interest rate swap termination of $402,000 representing the unamortized portion of a $3.4 million loss associated with the
previous termination of a $32.5 million interest rate swap on March 16, 2016.
Non-Interest
Expense.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, non-interest expense increased $2.3 million, or 4.2%, to $57.2 million, compared to
$54.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The increase in non-interest expense was primarily due to an increase
in salaries and employee benefits expense of $511,000, or 1.6%, due to normal annual salary increases as well as higher incentive
compensation costs. Other non-interest expense increased $878,000, or 10.2%, professional fees increased $531,000, or 24.3%, which
is comprised of legal fees, audit and compliance fees, as well as other professional fees. Occupancy expense increased $328,000,
or 7.0%, advertising expense increased $116,000, or 9.0%, and FDIC insurance expense increased $50,000, or 5.0%. These increases
were partially offset by a decrease in furniture and equipment expense of $58,000, or 2.8%, and a decrease in data processing
expense of $18,000, or 0.6%. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company prepaid $32.5 million of FHLB borrowings
resulting in a loss of $45,000. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the efficiency ratio was 61.8%, compared to 64.1%
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, the adjusted efficiency ratio, a
non-GAAP financial measure, was 63.6%, compared to 64.6% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. For more information regarding
the Company’s use of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
59
Income
Taxes.
Income
tax expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $8.7 million, representing an effective tax rate of 25.2%, compared
to $8.0 million, representing an effective tax rate of 25.3%, for twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources.
The
term “liquidity” refers to our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to fund loan originations, loan purchases,
deposit withdrawals and operating expenses. Our primary sources of liquidity are deposits, scheduled amortization and prepayments
of loan principal and mortgage-backed securities, maturities and calls of investment securities and funds provided by our operations.
We also can borrow funds from the FHLB based on eligible collateral of loans and securities. Our material cash commitments include
funding loan originations, fulfilling contractual obligations with third-party service providers, maintaining operating leases
for certain of our Bank properties and satisfying repayment of our long-term debt obligations.
Primary
Sources of Liquidity
At
December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, outstanding borrowings from the FHLB were $36.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2022, we had $407.4 million in available borrowing capacity with the FHLB. We have the ability to increase our
borrowing capacity with the FHLB by pledging investment securities or additional loans.
In
addition, we have available lines of credit of $15.0 million and $50.0 million with other correspondent banks. Interest rates
on these lines are determined and reset on a daily basis by each respective bank. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, we did not have
an outstanding balance under either of these lines of credit. In addition, we may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with
approved broker-dealers. Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements that allow us to borrow money using our securities as collateral.
We
also have outstanding at any time, a significant number of commitments to extend credit and provide financial guarantees to third
parties. These arrangements are subject to strict credit control assessments. Guarantees specify limits to our obligations. Because
many commitments and almost all guarantees expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not estimates
of future cash flows. We are also obligated under agreements with the FHLB to repay borrowed funds and are obligated under leases
for certain of our branches and equipment.
Maturing
investment securities are a relatively predictable source of funds. However, deposit flows, calls of securities and prepayments
of loans and mortgage-backed securities are strongly influenced by interest rates, general and local economic conditions and competition
in the marketplace. These factors reduce the predictability of the timing of these sources of funds.
The
Company’s primary activities are the origination of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and residential
real estate loans, as well as and the purchase of mortgage-backed and other investment securities. During the year ended December
31, 2022, we originated $447.4 million in loans, compared to $611.4 million in 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022,
cash and cash equivalents decreased $73.1 million, or 70.7%, to $30.3 million, as cash on hand was used during the year to fund
loan growth. We purchased securities totaling $33.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to purchases of $296.6
million for the year ended December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $176.7 million in loan commitments
and letters of credit to borrowers and approximately $328.8 million in available home equity and other unadvanced lines of credit.
60
Deposit
inflows and outflows are affected by the level of interest rates, the products and interest rates offered by competitors and by
other factors. At December 31, 2022, time deposit accounts scheduled to mature within one year totaled $288.7 million. Based on
the Company’s deposit retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate that a significant portion of these
time deposits will remain on deposit. We monitor our liquidity position frequently and anticipate that it will have sufficient
funds to meet our current funding commitments for the next 12 months and beyond.
At
December 31, 2022, the Company and the Bank exceeded each of the applicable regulatory capital requirements (See Note 13, Regulatory
Capital, to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our regulatory requirements).
Material
Cash Commitments
The
Company entered into a long-term contractual obligation with a vendor for use of its core provider and ancillary services beginning
in 2016. Total remaining contractual obligations outstanding with this vendor as of December 31, 2022 were estimated to be $10.7
million, with $4.9 million expected to be paid within one year and the remaining $5.8 million to be paid within the next three
years. Further, the Company has operating leases for certain of its banking offices and ATMs. Our leases have remaining lease
terms of less than one year to sixteen years, some of which include options to extend the leases for additional five-year terms
up to ten years. Undiscounted lease liabilities totaled $11.2 million as of December 31, 2022. Principal payments expected to
be made on our lease liabilities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 were $1.4 million. The remaining lease liability
payments totaled $9.8 million and are expected to be made after December 31, 2023 (See Note 12, Leases, to our consolidated
financial statements for further information on our lease obligations).
In
addition, the Company completed an offering of $20 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.875% fixed-to-floating rate
subordinated notes (the “Notes”) to certain qualified institutional buyers in a private placement transaction on April
20, 2021. Unless earlier redeemed, the Notes mature on May 1, 2031. At December 31, 2022, $19.7 million aggregate principle amount
of the Notes was outstanding. The Notes will bear interest from the initial issue date to, but excluding, May 1, 2026, or the
earlier redemption date, at a fixed rate of 4.875% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears on May 1, August 1, November 1 and
February 1 of each year, beginning August 1, 2021, and from and including May 1, 2026, but excluding the maturity date or earlier
redemption date, equal to the benchmark rate, which is the 90-day average secured overnight financing rate, plus 412 basis points,
determined on the determination date of the applicable interest period, payable quarterly in arrears on May 1, August 1, November
1 and February 1 of each year. The Company may also redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, on or after May 1, 2026, and at any
time upon the occurrence of certain events, subject in each case to the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
(See Note 8, Long-Term Debt, to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our long-term debt).
We
do not anticipate any material capital expenditures during the calendar year 2023, except in pursuance of the Company’s
strategic initiatives. The Company does not have any balloon or other payments due on any long-term obligations or any off-balance
sheet items other than the commitments and unused lines of credit noted above.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements.
The
Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, other than noted above and in Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies,
to our consolidated financial statements, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial
condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital
resources that is material to investors.
Management
of Market Risk.
As
a financial institution, our primary market risk is interest rate risk since substantially all transactions are denominated in
U.S. dollars with no direct foreign exchange or changes in commodity price exposure. Fluctuations in interest rates will affect
both our level of income and expense on a large portion of our assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in interest rates will also
affect the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
61
The
Company’s interest rate management strategy is to limit fluctuations in net interest income as interest rates vary up or
down and control variations in the market value of assets, liabilities and net worth as interest rates vary. We seek to coordinate
asset and liability decisions so that, under changing interest rate scenarios, net interest income will remain within an acceptable
range.
In
order to achieve the Company’s objectives of managing interest rate risk, the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”)
meets periodically to discuss and monitor the market interest rate environment relative to interest rates that are offered on
our products. ALCO presents quarterly reports to the Board of Directors which includes the Company’s interest rate risk
position and liquidity position.
The
Company’s primary source of funds are deposits, consisting primarily of time deposits, money market accounts, savings accounts,
demand accounts and interest-bearing checking accounts, which have shorter terms to maturity than the loan portfolio. Several
strategies have been employed to manage the interest rate risk inherent in the asset/liability mix, including but not limited
to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | maintaining the diversity of our existing loan portfolio through residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | emphasizing investments with an expected average duration of five years or less; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | when appropriate, using interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate position of the balance sheet. |
In
2022, cash flows from deposit inflows were used to fund loan growth and purchase held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities.
The Company continues its emphasis on growing commercial loans, which typically have variable interest rates and shorter maturities
than residential loans.
The
actual amount of time before loans are repaid can be significantly affected by changes in market interest rates. Prepayment rates
will also vary due to a number of other factors, including the regional economy in the area where the loans were originated, seasonal
factors, demographic variables and the assumability of the loans. However, the major factors affecting prepayment rates are prevailing
interest rates, related financing opportunities and competition. We monitor interest rate sensitivity so that we can adjust our
asset and liability mix in a timely manner and minimize the negative effects of changing rates.
The
Company’s liquidity sources are vulnerable to various uncertainties beyond our control. Loan amortization and investment
cash flows are a relatively stable source of funds, while loan and investment prepayments and calls, as well as deposit flows
vary widely in reaction to market conditions, primarily prevailing interest rates. Asset sales are influenced by pledging activities,
general market interest rates and unforeseen market conditions. Our financial condition is affected by our ability to borrow at
attractive rates, retain deposits at market rates and other market conditions. We consider our sources of liquidity to be adequate
to meet expected funding needs and also to be responsive to changing interest rate markets.
Interest
Rate Risk.
Interest
rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income
and expense streams associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary
component of our earnings. ALCO utilizes the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure
of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. While ALCO routinely monitors simulated net interest income sensitivity
over a rolling two-year horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The
simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all
interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated balance sheet, as well as for derivative
financial instruments. This sensitivity analysis is compared to ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for
net interest income exposure over a one and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth.
62
The
repricing and/or new rates of assets and liabilities moved in tandem with market rates. However, in certain deposit products,
the use of data from a historical analysis indicated that the rates on these products would move only a fraction of the rate change
amount. Pertinent data from each loan account, deposit account and investment security was used to calculate future cash flows.
The data included such items as maturity date, payment amount, next repricing date, repricing frequency, repricing index, repricing
spread, caps and floors. Prepayment speed assumptions were based upon the difference between the account rate and the current
market rate. We also evaluate changes in interest rate sensitivity under various scenarios including but not limited to nonparallel
shifts in the yield curve, variances in prepayment speeds and variances to correlations of instrument rates to market indexes.
The
table below shows our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflecting the following changes to net interest income for the
first and second years of the simulation model. The analysis assumes no balance sheet growth, a parallel shift in interest rates,
and all rate changes were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder
of the simulation horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changes in Interest Rates | At December 31, 2022 | At December 31, 2021 | ||||||
| 1 – 12 Months | ||||||||
| +200 basis points | -3.9 | % | -3.9 | % | ||||
| -100 basis points | 1.4 | % | -2.8 | % | ||||
| -200 basis points | 2.2 | % | N/A | (1) | ||||
| 13 – 24 Months | ||||||||
| +200 basis points | 0.2 | % | -4.5 | % | ||||
| -100 basis points | 9.2 | % | -8.6 | % | ||||
| -200 basis points | 11.4 | % | N/A | (1) | ||||
| (1) The down 200 basis points scenario for 2021 is not presented due to certain market rates being below 200 basis points. |
The
preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast of net interest income, nor do the calculations represent any actions
that management may undertake in response to changes in interest rates. They should not be relied upon as being indicative of
expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature
and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions
on loans and deposits and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon
current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions,
including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Periodically,
if deemed appropriate, we may use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to
hedge our interest rate exposure to interest rate movements. The Board of Directors has approved hedging policy statements governing
the use of these instruments. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and involve the receipt of variable
rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for our making fixed payments. We did not have any interest rate swap agreements
designated as cash flow hedges at December 31, 2022 or 2021.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements.
Refer
to Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for a summary of the recent accounting pronouncements.
Impact
of Inflation and Changing Prices.
The
Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP generally
requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without consideration for
changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased
cost of our operations. Unlike industrial companies, our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature. As a result,
changes in market interest rates have a greater impact on performance than do the effects of inflation.
63
FY 2021 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001387131-22-003574.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto,
each appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview.
We
strive to remain a leader in meeting the financial service needs of the local community and to provide quality service to the
individuals and businesses in the market areas that we have served since 1853. Historically, we have been a community-oriented
provider of traditional banking products and services to business organizations and individuals, including products such as residential
and commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and a variety of deposit products. We meet the needs of our local community through
a community-based and service-oriented approach to banking.
We
have adopted a growth-oriented strategy that continues to focus on increasing commercial lending and residential lending. Our
strategy also calls for increasing deposit relationships, specifically core deposits, and broadening our product lines and services.
We believe that this business strategy is best for our long-term success and viability, and complements our existing commitment
to high quality customer service.
In
connection with our overall growth strategy, we seek to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Grow the Company’s commercial loan portfolio and related commercial deposits by targeting businesses in our primary market area of Hampden County and Hampshire County in western Massachusetts and Hartford and Tolland Counties in northern Connecticut to increase the net interest margin and loan income; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Supplement the commercial portfolio by growing the residential real estate portfolio to diversify the loan portfolio and deepen customer relationships; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Focus on expanding our retail banking deposit franchise and increase the number of households served within our designated market area; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Invest in people, systems and technology to grow revenue, improve efficiency and enhance the overall customer experience; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Grow revenues, increase tangible book value, continue to pay competitive dividends to shareholders and utilize the Company’s stock repurchase plan to leverage our capital and enhance franchise value; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Consider growth through acquisitions. We may pursue expansion opportunities in existing or adjacent strategic locations with companies that add complementary products to our existing business and at terms that add value to our existing shareholders. |
You
should read the following financial results for the year ended December 31, 2021 in the context of this strategy.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, net income was $23.7 million, or $1.02 diluted earnings per share, compared to net
income of $11.2 million, or $0.45 diluted earnings per share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The results for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2021 showed a decrease in interest expense, a credit for loan losses, and an increase in non-interest
income, which were all partially offset by a decrease in interest income and an increase in non-interest expense. The provision
for loan losses was a credit of $925,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to a provision for loan losses of $7.8
million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The allowance for loan losses was $19.8 million, or 1.06% of total loans,
at December 31, 2021 and $21.2 million, or 1.10%, at December 31, 2020. Excluding PPP loans, the allowance for loan losses as
a percentage of total loans was 1.08% and 1.20% at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the allowance
for loan losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 398.6%, compared to 269.8% at December 31, 2020. The twelve months
ended 2020 was impacted by a higher provision for loan losses resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic mandated shutdowns and economic
disruption that caused elevated unemployment levels and deterioration in household, business, economic and market conditions.
51
Net
interest income increased $8.7 million, or 13.6%, to $73.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, compared to
$64.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The increase in net interest income was due to a decrease in interest
expense of $11.8 million, or 63.8%, partially offset by a decrease in interest and dividend income of $3.0 million, or 3.7%. For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, interest and dividend income included $6.8 million in PPP income, compared to $4.8
million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded
$976,000 in positive purchase accounting adjustments and $193,000 in interest income and late charges from the full payoff of
a $3.5 million credit-marked substandard classified loan, compared to $55,000 in positive purchase accounting adjustments during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The Company recorded prepayment penalties of $181,000 and $409,000 during the twelve
months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Excluding the items mentioned above, net interest income increased $8.3
million, or 14.3%, from the same period in 2020. The decrease in interest expense of $11.8 million, or 63.8%, was due to a decrease
in interest expense on deposits of $8.0 million, or 59.2%, and a decrease in interest expense on borrowings of $3.8 million, or
77.6%.
General.
Our
consolidated results of operations depend primarily on net interest and dividend income. Net interest and dividend income is the
difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
Interest-earning assets consist primarily of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, residential real estate
loans and securities. Interest-bearing liabilities consist primarily of certificates of deposit and money market accounts, demand
deposit accounts and savings account deposits and borrowings from the FHLB. The consolidated results of operations also depend
on the provision for loan losses, non-interest income, and non-interest expense. Non-interest income includes service fees and
charges, income on bank-owned life insurance, gains on sales of mortgages, gains on non-marketable equity investments and gains
(losses) on securities. Non-interest expense includes salaries and employee benefits, occupancy expenses, data processing, advertising
expense, FDIC insurance assessment, professional fees and other general and administrative expenses.
RECENT
DEVELOPMENTS: CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC RESPONSE AND ACTIONS.
The
Company continues to monitor COVID-19’s impact on its business and customers, however, the extent to which COVID-19 will
impact its results and operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with
confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate
its impact, and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures.
Our
business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of our employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions.
The COVID-19 global public health crisis and the resulting “stay-at-home” orders resulted in widespread volatility,
severe disruptions in the U.S. economy at large, and for small businesses in particular, deterioration in household, business,
economic and market conditions.
Paycheck
Protection Program.
As
a Preferred Lender with the SBA, the Company was in a position to react quickly to the PPP component of the March 27, 2020 $2.2
trillion fiscal stimulus bill known as the CARES Act launched by the Treasury and the SBA. An eligible business was able to apply
for a PPP loan up to the lesser of: (1) 2.5 times its average monthly “payroll costs,” or (2) $10.0 million. PPP loans
have: (a) an interest rate of 1.0%, (b) a two-year loan term to maturity, subsequently extended to a five-year loan term maturity
for loans granted on or after June 5, 2020 and (c) principal and interest payments deferred from six months to ten months from
the date of disbursement. The SBA will guarantee 100% of the PPP loans made to eligible borrowers. The entire principal amount
of the borrower’s PPP loan, including any accrued interest, is eligible to be reduced by the loan forgiveness amount under
the PPP so long as employee and compensation levels of the business are maintained and 60% of the loan proceeds are used for payroll
expenses, with the remaining 40% of the loan proceeds used for other qualifying expenses. As of December 31, 2021, the Company
received funding approval from the SBA for 2,146 applications totaling $302.2 million.
52
As
of December 31, 2021, the Company processed 1,982 PPP loan forgiveness applications totaling $276.9 million. Total PPP loans decreased
$141.9 million, or 84.9%, from $167.3 million at December 31, 2020 to $25.3 million at December 31, 2021.
As
PPP loans are forgiven, the Company is accelerating the recognition of PPP loan origination fees that were being amortized over
the original lives of the loans. The majority of the PPP loan portfolio has been repaid through forgiveness and earnings were
favorably impacted by the additional PPP origination fee income during the year ended December 31, 2021. During the twelve months
ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized $6.8 million in PPP loan origination fee income and PPP interest income (“PPP
income”), compared to $4.8 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021, the Company
had $781,000 in remaining deferred PPP loan processing fees.
Loan
Modifications/Troubled Debt Restructurings.
The
banking regulatory agencies, through an Interagency Statement dated April 7, 2020, have encouraged financial institutions to work
“prudently” with borrowers who request loan modifications or deferrals as a result of the economic impacts of COVID-19.
Pursuant to Section 4013 of the CARES Act, loans less than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 will be considered current
for COVID-19 modifications. Financial institutions can then suspend the requirements under U.S. GAAP for loan modifications related
to COVID-19 that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR, and suspend any determination of a loan modified as a result of COVID-19
as being a TDR, including the requirement to determine impairment for accounting under U.S. GAAP. The Company has adopted this
policy election to address COVID-19 loan modification requests that have been received from the earlier of either January 1, 2022
or the 60th day after the end of the COVID-19 national emergency.
As
a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company granted deferred loan payments for impacted commercial, residential and consumer
customers who experienced financial hardship due to COVID-19. The loan payment deferrals can be up to 90 days, depending upon
the financial needs of each customer. Further deferrals will be re-evaluated on a customer-by-customer basis upon the expiration
of the existing deferral period. As of December 31, 2021, of the $42.5 million in remaining modifications granted under the CARES
Act, eight loans in the amount of $33.5 million, or 78.8%, of the remaining modifications, were granted to the hotel industry,
and one loan in the amount of $9.0 million was granted to an assisted living facility. Of the $42.5 million in remaining outstanding
modifications, $33.5 million, or 78.8%, have resumed interest only payments.
The
table below breaks out the remaining modifications granted under the CARES Act at December 31, 2021:
| CARES Act Modifications | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loan Segment(1)(2) | Total Loan Segment Balance at December 31, 2021 | % of Total Loans | Modification Balance | # of Loans Modified | % of Loan Segment Balance | |||||||||||||||
| ($ in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(3) | $ | 980.0 | 53.3 | % | $ | 41.9 | 7 | 4.3 | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial and industrial | 201.3 | 11.0 | % | 0.6 | 2 | 0.3 | % | |||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 652.1 | 35.5 | % | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 4.3 | 0.2 | % | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,837.7 | 100.0 | % | $ | 42.5 | 9 | 2.3 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Excludes PPP loans of $25.3 million and the related deferred fees. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Residential includes home equity loans and lines of credit. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (3) | The remaining modifications balance includes $32.9 million, which resumed regular payments in January of 2022. |
53
Allowance
for Loan Losses.
In
determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company considers quantitative loss factors and a number of qualitative factors,
such as underwriting policies, current economic conditions, delinquency statistics, the adequacy of the underlying collateral
and the financial strength of the borrower. Beginning at the end of March 2020, a record number of Americans filed for unemployment
benefits. The global pandemic could cause the Company to experience higher credit losses in its lending portfolio, reduced demand
for our products and services and other negative impacts on our financial position, results of operations and prospects. As of
December 31, 2021, the Company’s delinquency and nonperforming assets have not been materially impacted by the COVID-19
pandemic, and therefore, have not resulted in material credit losses within the lending portfolio.
The
COVID-19 pandemic materially impacted the Company’s determination of the allowance for loan losses for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company recorded a credit for loan losses of $925,000 for the twelve months ended December
31, 2021, compared to a provision for loan losses of $7.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. In addition,
on an ongoing basis, the Company has continually evaluated the loan portfolio acquired on October 24, 2016 from Chicopee. The
acquired portfolio was initially recorded at fair value without a related allowance for loan losses. Subsequent to acquisition,
there have been no indications that there has been any subsequent deterioration to the acquired portfolio. During the three months
ended September 30, 2020, the Company determined that it was prudent to provide an allowance for loan losses related to the acquired
portfolio, which increased the provision by $2.5 million during 2020. The Company is continuing to monitor COVID-19’s impact
on its business and its customers, however, the extent to which COVID-19 will impact its results and operations will depend on
future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration
of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact and the direct and indirect economic effects
of the pandemic and containment measures.
Critical
Accounting Policies.
Our accounting policies are disclosed in Note 1 to
our consolidated financial statements. Given our current business strategy and asset/liability structure, the more critical policy is
the allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses. In addition to the informational disclosure in the notes to the consolidated
financial statements, our policy on this accounting policy is described in detail in the applicable sections of “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Senior management has discussed the development and
selection of this accounting policy and the related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
The process of evaluating the loan portfolio, classifying
loans and determining the allowance and provision is described in detail in Part I under “Business – Lending Activities
- Allowance for Loan Losses.” This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible
to significant change. Our methodology for assessing the allocation of the allowance consists of two key components, which are a specific
allowance for impaired loans and a general allowance for the remainder of the portfolio. Measurement of impairment can be based on present
value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or
the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. The allocation of the allowance is also reviewed by management
based upon our evaluation of then-existing economic and business conditions affecting our key lending areas and other conditions, such
as new loan products, credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions), collateral
values, loan volumes and concentrations, specific industry conditions within portfolio segments that existed as of the balance sheet date
and the impact that such conditions were believed to have had on the collectability of the loan portfolio.
54
Beginning in March 2020, the Bank added a new qualitative
factor category to the allowance calculation – “Economic Impact of COVID-19”. The allocation of additional reserves
for the COVID-19 qualitative factor during the year was based upon continued analysis of the loan portfolio that included identifying
borrowers sensitive to the shutdown (i.e. accommodation and food service, recreation, construction, manufacturing, and wholesale &
retail trade) as well as a general allocation for the negative economic outlook given the record number of unemployment benefits claims
during the period. In addition, on an ongoing basis, the Company has continually evaluated the loan portfolio acquired on October 24,
2016 from Chicopee Bancorp, Inc. (“Chicopee”). The acquired portfolio was initially recorded at fair value without a related
allowance for loan losses. Due to the ongoing impacts and extended nature of the pandemic, during the year ended December 31, 2020, the
Company determined that it was prudent to provide an allowance for loan losses related to the acquired portfolio. Although management
believes it has established and maintained the allowance for loan losses at adequate levels, if management’s assumptions and judgments
prove to be incorrect due to continued deterioration in economic, real estate and other conditions, and the allowance for loan losses
is not adequate to absorb inherent losses, our earnings and capital could be significantly and adversely affected. There were no changes
to the Company’s allowance for loan losses methodology during the year ended December 31, 2021.
Analysis
of Net Interest Income.
The
Company’s earnings are largely dependent on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on
loans and investments and the cost of funding (primarily deposits and borrowings). Net interest income expressed as a percentage
of average interest-earning assets is referred to as net interest margin. For more information regarding the Company’s use
of Non-GAAP financial measures see “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.”
Average
Balance Sheet.
The
following table sets forth information relating to the Company for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The average
yields and costs are derived by dividing interest income or interest expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets
or interest-bearing liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. Average balances are derived from average daily balances.
The yields include fees which are considered adjustments to yields. Loan interest and yield data does not include any accrued
interest from non-accruing loans.
55
| For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Average Yield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | Average | Average Yield/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance | Interest(8) | Cost | Balance | Interest(8) | Cost | Balance | Interest(8) | Cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1)(2) | $ | 1,887,926 | $ | 74,620 | 3.95 | % | $ | 1,922,607 | $ | 78,284 | 4.07 | % | $ | 1,721,884 | $ | 75,354 | 4.38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities(2) | 319,778 | 5,398 | 1.69 | 214,312 | 4,360 | 2.03 | 245,417 | 6,236 | 2.54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | 10,242 | 116 | 1.13 | 14,915 | 587 | 3.94 | 16,061 | 833 | 5.19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term investments(3) | 111,931 | 139 | 0.12 | 45,858 | 109 | 0.24 | 13,459 | 230 | 1.71 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 2,329,877 | 80,273 | 3.45 | 2,197,692 | 83,340 | 3.79 | 1,996,821 | 82,653 | 4.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-earning assets | 147,980 | 140,725 | 137,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,477,857 | $ | 2,338,417 | $ | 2,133,821 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | $ | 109,648 | 399 | 0.36 | $ | 86,086 | 387 | 0.45 | $ | 72,690 | 377 | 0.52 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 205,394 | 154 | 0.07 | 153,073 | 136 | 0.09 | 126,506 | 146 | 0.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 776,725 | 2,412 | 0.31 | 521,692 | 2,838 | 0.54 | 405,785 | 2,532 | 0.62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 477,067 | 2,543 | 0.53 | 634,111 | 10,139 | 1.60 | 668,521 | 14,152 | 2.12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 1,568,834 | 5,508 | 0.35 | 1,394,962 | 13,500 | 0.97 | 1,273,502 | 17,207 | 1.35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings and long-term debt | 38,294 | 1,164 | 3.04 | 190,752 | 4,945 | 2.59 | 240,416 | 6,930 | 2.88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | 1,607,128 | 6,672 | 0.42 | 1,585,714 | 18,445 | 1.16 | 1,513,918 | 24,137 | 1.59 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest-bearing deposits | 608,936 | 489,602 | 366,211 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-interest-bearing liabilities | 39,108 | 32,251 | 23,098 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-interest-bearing liabilities | 648,044 | 521,853 | 389,309 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 2,255,172 | 2,107,567 | 1,903,227 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity | 222,685 | 230,850 | 230,594 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 2,477,857 | $ | 2,338,417 | $ | 2,133,821 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Tax-equivalent adjustment(2) | (424 | ) | (465 | ) | (537 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest and dividend income | $ | 73,177 | $ | 64,430 | $ | 57,979 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread(4) | 3.01 | % | 2.61 | % | 2.52 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis(5) | 3.03 | % | 2.63 | % | 2.55 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin(6) | 3.14 | % | 2.93 | % | 2.90 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis(7) | 3.16 | % | 2.95 | % | 2.93 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ratio of average interest-earning | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| assets to average interest-bearing liabilities | 144.97 | % | 138.59 | % | 131.90 | % |
56
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Loans, including nonaccrual loans, are net of deferred loan origination costs and unadvanced funds. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (2) | Loan and securities income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2021, 2020 and 2019. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income to agree to the amount reported on the consolidated statements of net income. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (3) | Short-term investments include federal funds sold. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (4) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (5) | Net interest rate spread, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents the difference between the tax-equivalent weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the tax-equivalent weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (6) | Net interest margin represents net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (7) | Net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, represents tax-equivalent net interest and dividend income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. See “Explanation of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements”. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (8) | Acquired loans, time deposits and borrowings are recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition. The fair value marks on the loans, time deposits and borrowings acquired accrete and amortize into net interest income over time. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the loan accretion income and interest expense reduction on time deposits and borrowings increased net interest income $55,000, $976,000 and $18,000, respectively. Excluding these items, net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 3.16%, 2.91%, and 2.93% respectively. |
57
Rate/Volume
Analysis.
The
following table shows how changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities have affected our interest and dividend income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided
in each category with respect to: (1) interest income changes attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied
by prior rate); (2) interest income changes attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and
(3) the net change.
The
changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume
and the changes due to rate.
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2020 | Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to | Increase (Decrease) Due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets | (In thousands) | (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (1) | $ | (1,428 | ) | $ | (2,236 | ) | $ | (3,664 | ) | $ | 8,784 | $ | (5,854 | ) | $ | 2,930 | ||||||||
| Investment securities (1) | 2,136 | (1,098 | ) | 1,038 | (790 | ) | (1,086 | ) | (1,876 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Other investments - at cost | (184 | ) | (287 | ) | (471 | ) | (59 | ) | (187 | ) | (246 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Short-term investments | 160 | (130 | ) | 30 | 554 | (675 | ) | (121 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 684 | (3,751 | ) | (3,067 | ) | 8,489 | (7,802 | ) | 687 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing checking accounts | 106 | (94 | ) | 12 | 69 | (59 | ) | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 48 | (30 | ) | 18 | 31 | (41 | ) | (10 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 1,367 | (1,793 | ) | (426 | ) | 723 | (417 | ) | 306 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | (2,510 | ) | (5,086 | ) | (7,596 | ) | (728 | ) | (3,285 | ) | (4,013 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowing and long-term debt | (3,951 | ) | 170 | (3,781 | ) | (1,432 | ) | (553 | ) | (1,985 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | (4,940 | ) | (6,833 | ) | (11,773 | ) | (1,337 | ) | (4,355 | ) | (5,692 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Change in net interest and dividend income | $ | 5,624 | $ | 3,081 | $ | 8,705 | $ | 9,826 | $ | (3,447 | ) | $ | 6,379 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | Securities and loan income and net interest income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21% for 2021, 2020 and 2019. The tax-equivalent adjustment is deducted from tax-equivalent net interest income to agree to the amount reported in the consolidated statements of net income. |
58
Explanation
of Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measurements.
We
believe that it is common practice in the banking industry to present interest income and related yield information on tax-exempt
loans and securities on a tax-equivalent basis and that such information is useful to investors because it facilitates comparisons
among financial institutions. However, the adjustment of interest income and yields on tax-exempt loans and securities to a tax-equivalent
amount is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. A reconciliation from GAAP to non-GAAP is provided below.
| Twelve Months Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest | Average Yield | Interest | Average Yield | Interest | Average Yield | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (no tax adjustment) | $ | 74,200 | 3.93 | % | $ | 77,837 | 4.05 | % | $ | 74,837 | 4.35 | % | ||||||||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 420 | 447 | 517 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 74,620 | 3.95 | % | $ | 78,284 | 4.07 | % | $ | 75,354 | 4.38 | % | ||||||||||||
| Securities (no tax adjustment) | $ | 5,394 | 1.69 | % | $ | 4,342 | 2.03 | % | $ | 6,216 | 2.53 | % | ||||||||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 4 | 18 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 5,398 | 1.69 | % | $ | 4,360 | 2.03 | % | $ | 6,236 | 2.54 | % | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (no tax adjustment) | $ | 73,177 | $ | 64,430 | $ | 57,979 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) | 424 | 465 | 537 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (tax-equivalent basis) | $ | 73,601 | $ | 64,895 | $ | 58,516 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate spread (no tax adjustment) | 3.01 | % | 2.61 | % | 2.52 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (no tax adjustment) | 3.14 | % | 2.93 | % | 2.90 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | The tax equivalent adjustment is based upon a 21% tax rate for 2021, 2020 and 2019. |
Comparison
of Financial Condition at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
At
December 31, 2021, total assets of $2.5 billion increased $172.5 million, or 7.3%, from December 31, 2020. The balance sheet composition
and changes since December 31, 2020 are discussed below.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents.
Cash
and cash equivalents is comprised of cash on hand and amounts due from banks, interest-earning deposits in other financial institutions
and federal funds sold. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $103.5 million, or 4.1% of total assets, at December 31, 2021 and $87.4
million, or 3.7% of total assets, at December 31, 2020. Balances in cash and cash equivalents will fluctuate due primarily to
the timing of net deposit flows, borrowing and loan inflows and outflows, investment purchases and maturities, calls and sales
proceeds, and the immediate liquidity needs of the Company. The increase in cash and cash equivalents at both December 31, 2021
and 2020 is primarily due to an increase in deposits during both periods.
Investments.
At
December 31, 2021, the investment portfolio of $428.5 million, or 16.9% of total assets, increased $214.7 million, compared to
$213.8 million, or 9.0% of total assets, at December 31, 2020. Held-to-maturity securities, which are recorded at amortized cost,
comprised the majority of the portfolio and represented 51.9% of total investments at December 31, 2021. The Company did not hold
any held-to-maturity securities in 2020. The Company allocated some of its excess liquidity to the investment portfolio as an
alternative to cash and cash equivalents. This shift from overnight investments to held-to-maturity securities assisted the Company
with managing the yield on interest-earning assets in the low interest rate environment that we experienced in 2021 while providing
ongoing cash flows from payments and pay downs. The primary objective of the investment portfolio is to provide liquidity and
maximize income while preserving the safety of principal. Available-for-sale securities, which are carried at fair value, totaled
$194.4 million, or 45.4% of investments, at December 31, 2021, compared to $201.9 million, or 94.4% of investments, at December
31, 2020. The marketable equity securities portfolio totaled $11.9 million and $12.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020.
59
The
Bank is required to purchase FHLB stock at par value in association with advances from the FHLB. The stock is classified as a
restricted investment and carried at cost which management believes approximates fair value. The Company’s investment in
FHLB capital stock amounted to $2.2 million at both December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
At
December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company held $423,000 of Atlantic Community Bankers Bank stock. The stock is restricted and carried
in other assets at cost. The stock is evaluated for impairment based on an estimate of the ultimate recovery to the par value.
Loans.
Total
loans were $1.9 billion as of December 31, 2021, a decrease of $62.7 million, or 3.3%, from December 31, 2020, primarily due to
a decrease in PPP loans of $141.9 million, or 84.9%. Excluding PPP loans, total loans increased $79.3 million, or 4.5%, driven
by an increase in commercial real estate loans of $146.0 million, or 17.5%, partially offset by a decrease in commercial and industrial
loans of $10.5 million, or 4.9%. Residential real estate loans, which include home equity loans, decreased $56.5 million, or 8.0%,
as we continue to sell low coupon, fixed rate residential loans to the secondary market in order to diversify our loan mix and
reduce our interest rate risk. In accordance with the Company’s asset/liability management strategy, during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold $59.7 million of fixed rate, low coupon residential real estate loans to the secondary
market. There were no loans sold during 2020. As of December 31, 2021, the Company serviced $88.2 million in loans sold to the
secondary market, compared to $38.1 million at December 31, 2020. Servicing rights will likely continue to be retained on all
loans written and sold to the secondary market.
Bank-Owned
Life Insurance ("BOLI").
The
Company indirectly utilizes the earnings on BOLI to offset the cost of the Company’s benefit plans. The cash surrender value
of BOLI was $72.9 million at both December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Deposits.
At
December 31, 2021, total deposits were $2.3 billion, an increase of $213.5 million, 10.5%, from December 31, 2020, primarily due
to an increase in core deposits of $401.8 million, or 27.7%. Core deposits, which the Company defines as all deposits except time
deposits, increased from $1.4 billion, or 71.0% of total deposits, at December 31, 2020, to $1.8 billion, or 82.1% of total deposits,
at December 31, 2021. Non-interest-bearing deposits increased $99.5 million, or 18.4%, to $641.3 million, interest-bearing checking
accounts increased $50.8 million, or 53.5%, to $145.7 million, savings accounts increased $41.6 million, or 23.6%, to $217.6 million,
and money market accounts increased $209.5 million, or 32.7%, to $850.3 million. The increase in core deposits can be attributed
to the government stimulus, lower consumer spending, PPP loan proceeds deposited into borrower checking accounts, as well as the
three new branches opened in 2020. We anticipate that some of the deposit growth from PPP will be temporary as customers look
to make capital improvements and diversify investments as risk from the COVID-19 pandemic eases over time.
Borrowed
Funds.
At
December 31, 2021, total borrowings decreased $35.6 million, or 61.5%, from $57.9 million at December 31, 2020, to $22.3 million.
FHLB advances decreased $55.2 million, or 95.4%, to $2.7 million and subordinated debt issued during the three months ended June
30, 2021 totaled $20.0 million at December 31, 2021.
60
Shareholders’
Equity.
At
December 31, 2021, shareholders’ equity was $223.7 million, or 8.8% of total assets, compared to $226.6 million, or 9.6%
of total assets, at December 31, 2020. The decrease in shareholders’ equity reflects $23.1 million for the repurchase of
the Company’s common stock, the payment of regular cash dividends of $4.7 million and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive
loss of $1.0 million, partially offset by net income of $23.7 million. Total shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 were 22,656,515.
The
Company’s book value per share was $9.87 at December 31, 2021 compared to $8.97 at December 31, 2020, while tangible book
value per share increased $0.85, or 10.2%, from $8.36 at December 31, 2020 to $9.21 at December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021,
the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios continued to exceed the levels required to be considered “well-capitalized”
under federal banking regulations.
Assets
under Management.
Total
assets under management includes loans serviced for others and investment assets under management. Loans serviced for others and
investment assets under management are not carried as assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheet, and as such, total assets
under management is not a financial measurement recognized under GAAP, however, management believes its disclosure provides information
useful in understanding the trends in total assets under management.
The
Company provides a wide range of investment advisory and wealth management services. Investment assets under management of $188.1
million increased $16.4 million, or 9.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $171.7 million for the year ended December
31, 2020.
Comparison
of Operating Results for Years Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
General.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company reported net income of $23.7 million, or $1.02 per diluted share, compared
to $11.2 million, or $0.45 per diluted share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020.
Net
Interest Income and Net Interest Margin.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, net interest income increased $8.7 million, or 13.6%, to $73.2 million, compared to
$64.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The increase in net interest income was due to a decrease in interest
expense of $11.8 million, or 63.8%, partially offset by a decrease in interest and dividend income of $3.0 million, or 3.7%. For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, interest and dividend income included $6.8 million in PPP income, compared to $4.8
million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded
$976,000 in positive purchase accounting adjustments and $193,000 in interest income and late charges from the full payoff of
a $3.5 million credit-marked substandard classified loan, compared to $55,000 in positive purchase accounting adjustments during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The Company recorded prepayment penalties of $181,000 and $409,000 during the twelve
months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Excluding the items mentioned above, net interest income increased $8.3
million, or 14.3%, from the same period in 2020. The decrease in interest expense of $11.8 million, or 63.8%, was due to a decrease
in interest expense on deposits of $8.0 million, or 59.2%, and a decrease in interest expense on borrowings of $3.8 million, or
77.6%.
The
net interest margin for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was 3.14%, compared to 2.93% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2020. The net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent basis, was 3.16% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, compared
to 2.95% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Excluding the adjustments discussed above, the net interest margin increased
from 2.83% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 to 2.99% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
The
average yield on interest-earning assets decreased 34 basis points from 3.77% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 to
3.43% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The yield on average loans decreased from 4.05% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2020 to 3.93% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Excluding the adjustments discussed above of
$6.9 million and $6.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, the yield on average loans
decreased 23 basis points from 4.02% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 to 3.79% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2021.
61
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the average cost of total funds, including non-interest bearing demand accounts and
borrowings, decreased 59 basis points from 0.89% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 to 0.30%. For the twelve months
ended December 31, 2021, the average cost of core deposits, including non-interest-bearing demand deposits, decreased 10 basis
points to 0.17%, from 0.27% for same period in 2020. The average cost of time deposits decreased 107 basis points from 1.60% for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 to 0.53% during the same period in 2021. The average cost of borrowings increased 45
basis points from 2.59% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 to 3.04% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 due
to the issuance of $20.0 million in subordinated debt during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, average demand deposits, an interest-free source of funds, increased $119.4 million,
or 24.4%, from $489.6 million, or 26.0% of total average deposits, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 to $609.0 million,
or 28.0% of total average deposits, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, average interest-earning assets increased $132.2 million, or 6.0%, to $2.3 billion.
The increase in average interest-earning assets was due to an increase in average securities of $105.5 million, or 49.2%, and
an increase in short-term investments of $66.1 million, or 144.1%, partially offset by a decrease in average loans of $34.7 million,
or 1.8%. Excluding PPP loans, average interest-earning assets increased $167.1 million or 8.1%, and average loans remained unchanged
at $1.8 billion.
Provision
for Loan Losses.
The
provision for loan losses is reviewed by management based upon our evaluation of then-existing economic and business conditions
affecting our key lending areas and other conditions, such as new loan products, credit quality trends (including trends in nonperforming
loans expected to result from existing conditions), collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, specific industry conditions
within portfolio segments that existed as of the balance sheet date and the impact that such conditions were believed to have
had on the collectability of the loan portfolio.
The
Company decreased the provision for loan losses by $8.7 million, or 111.9%, from $7.8 million for the twelve months ended December
31, 2020, to a credit balance of $925,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. This change was reflective of the impact
of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s allowance for loan losses during both periods.
The
Company recorded net charge-offs of $445,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to net charge-offs of
$720,000 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded
charge-offs of $645,000, compared to $963,000 during the same period in 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021,
the Company recorded recoveries of $200,000, compared to recoveries of $243,000 during the same period in 2020.
The
allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 1.06% at December 31, 2021, compared to 1.10% at December 31, 2020.
At December 31, 2021, the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 398.6%, compared to 269.8% at December
31, 2020. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans, excluding PPP loans, was 1.08% and 1.20% at December 31,
2021 and 2020, respectively.
Although
management believes it has established and maintained the allowance for loan losses at appropriate levels, future adjustments
may be necessary if economic, real estate and other conditions differ substantially from the current operating environment.
62
Non-Interest
Income.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, non-interest income of $12.6 million increased $3.3 million, or 35.8%, compared to
$9.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, non-interest income
included the recognition of $555,000 in BOLI death benefits. Excluding the BOLI death benefits, non-interest income increased
$2.8 million, or 30.1%.
Service
charges and fees increased $1.3 million, or 18.3%, primarily due to an increase in card-based transaction usage across our checking
account base. Mortgage banking income was $1.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, due to the sale of fixed
rate residential real estate loans to the secondary market. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold
$59.7 million in loans to the secondary market. The Company did not sell any fixed rate residential real estate loans during the
twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Income from bank-owned life insurance increased $103,000, or 5.7%, and other income from
loan-level swap fees on commercial loans decreased $596,000, or 91.1%.
During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company reported unrealized losses on marketable equity securities of $168,000,
compared to unrealized gains of $109,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. In addition, during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2021, the Company reported realized losses on the sale of securities of $72,000 and a gain of $898,000 on non-marketable
equity securities, compared to realized gains of $2.0 million on the sale of securities during the twelve months ended December
31, 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company reported a loss on derivatives of $402,000, compared to
a loss on derivatives of $2.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020.
Non-Interest
Expense.
For
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, non-interest expense increased $3.2 million, or 6.2%, to $54.9 million compared to
$51.8 million, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company prepaid $50.0
million of FHLB borrowings. The transaction was accounted for as an early debt extinguishment resulting in a loss of $987,000,
compared to $45,000 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Excluding these losses, non-interest expense increased $4.1
million, or 8.1%, from the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 to the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
The
increase in non-interest expense was primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expenses of $2.9 million,
or 9.7%. The increase in salary and employee benefits was due to several factors, including higher commissions and incentives
associated with increased residential loan production as well as annual staff salary increases. Furniture and equipment increased
$547,000, or 35.6%, other non-interest income increased $647,000, or 8.1%, advertising expense increased $186,000, or 16.8%, and
occupancy expense increased $136,000, or 3.0%. FDIC insurance expense decreased $34,000, or 3.3%, professional fees decreased
$187,000, or 7.9%, and data processing fees remain flat at $2.9 million. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the efficiency
ratio was 64.6%, compared to 68.6% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020.
Income
Taxes.
Income
tax expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was $8.0 million, or an effective tax rate of 25.3%, compared to $2.9
million, or an effective tax rate of 20.8%, for twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The increase in the Company’s effective
tax rate was primarily due to the effect of higher pre-tax income for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.
63
Liquidity
and Capital Resources.
The
term “liquidity” refers to our ability to generate adequate amounts of cash to fund loan originations, loan purchases,
deposit withdrawals and operating expenses. Our primary sources of liquidity are deposits, scheduled amortization and prepayments
of loan principal and mortgage-backed securities, maturities and calls of investment securities and funds provided by our operations.
We also can borrow funds from the FHLB based on eligible collateral of loans and securities. Our material cash commitments include
funding loan originations, fulfilling contractual obligations with third-party service providers, maintaining operating leases
for certain of our Bank properties and satisfying repayment of our long-term debt obligations.
Primary
Sources of Liquidity
At
December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, outstanding borrowings from the FHLB were $2.7 million and $57.9 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2021, we had $480.5 million in available borrowing capacity with the FHLB. We have the ability to increase our
borrowing capacity with the FHLB by pledging investment securities or additional loans.
In
addition, we have available lines of credit of $15.0 million and $50.0 million with other correspondent banks. Interest rates
on these lines are determined and reset on a daily basis by each respective bank. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we did not have
an outstanding balance under either of these lines of credit. In addition, we may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with
approved broker-dealers. Reverse repurchase agreements are agreements that allow us to borrow money using our securities as collateral.
We
also have outstanding at any time, a significant number of commitments to extend credit and provide financial guarantees to third
parties. These arrangements are subject to strict credit control assessments. Guarantees specify limits to our obligations. Because
many commitments and almost all guarantees expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contract amounts are not estimates
of future cash flows. We are also obligated under agreements with the FHLB to repay borrowed funds and are obligated under leases
for certain of our branches and equipment.
Maturing
investment securities are a relatively predictable source of funds. However, deposit flows, calls of securities and prepayments
of loans and mortgage-backed securities are strongly influenced by interest rates, general and local economic conditions and competition
in the marketplace. These factors reduce the predictability of the timing of these sources of funds.
The
Company’s primary activities are the origination of commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and residential
real estate loans, as well as and the purchase of mortgage-backed and other investment securities. During the year ended December
31, 2021, we originated $611.4 million in loans, compared to $654.6 million in 2020. We purchased securities totaling $296.6 million
for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to purchases of $159.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. At December
31, 2021, the Company had approximately $217.2 million in loan commitments and letters of credit to borrowers and approximately
$326.0 million in available home equity and other unadvanced lines of credit.
Deposit
in flows and out flows are affected by the level of interest rates, the products and interest rates offered by competitors and
by other factors. At December 31, 2021, time deposit accounts scheduled to mature within one year totaled $363.0 million. Based
on the Company’s deposit retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate that a significant portion of
these time deposits will remain on deposit. We monitor our liquidity position frequently and anticipate that it will have sufficient
funds to meet our current funding commitments for the next 12 months and beyond.
At
December 31, 2021, the Company and the Bank exceeded each of the applicable regulatory capital requirements (See Note 13, Regulatory
Capital, to our consolidated financial statements for further information on our regulatory requirements).
64
Material
Cash Commitments
The
Company entered into a long-term contractual obligation with a vendor for use of its core provider and ancillary services beginning
in 2016. Total remaining contractual obligations outstanding with this vendor as of December 31, 2021 were estimated to be $14.2
million, with $4.5 million expected to be paid within one year and the remaining $9.7 million to be paid within the next five
years. Further, the Company has operating leases for certain of its banking offices and ATMs. Our leases have remaining lease
terms of less than one year to seventeen years, some of which include options to extend the leases for additional five-year terms
up to fifteen years. Lease liabilities totaled $10.5 million as of December 31, 2021. Principal payments expected to be made on
our lease liabilities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 were $1.4 million. The remaining lease liability payments
totaled $9.1 million and are expected to be made after December 31, 2022 (See Note 12, Leases, to our consolidated financial
statements for further information on our lease obligations).
In
addition, the Company completed an offering of $20 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.875% fixed-to-floating rate
subordinated notes (the “Notes”) to certain qualified institutional buyers in a private placement transaction on April
20, 2021. Unless earlier redeemed, the Notes mature on May 1, 2031. The Notes will bear interest from the initial issue date to,
but excluding, May 1, 2026, or the earlier redemption date, at a fixed rate of 4.875% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears
on May 1, August 1, November 1 and February 1 of each year, beginning August 1, 2021, and from and including May 1, 2026, but
excluding the maturity date or earlier redemption date, equal to the benchmark rate, which is the 90-day average secured overnight
financing rate, plus 412 basis points, determined on the determination date of the applicable interest period, payable quarterly
in arrears on May 1, August 1, November 1 and February 1 of each year. The Company may also redeem the Notes, in whole or in part,
on or after May 1, 2026, and at any time upon the occurrence of certain events, subject in each case to the approval of the Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve (See Note 8, Long-Term Debt, to our consolidated financial statements for further information
on our long-term debt).
We
do not anticipate any material capital expenditures during the calendar year 2022, except in pursuance of the Company’s
strategic initiatives. The Company does not have any balloon or other payments due on any long-term obligations or any off-balance
sheet items other than the commitments and unused lines of credit noted above.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements.
The
Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, other than noted above and in Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies,
to our consolidated financial statements, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial
condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital
resources that is material to investors.
Management
of Market Risk.
As
a financial institution, our primary market risk is interest rate risk since substantially all transactions are denominated in
U.S. dollars with no direct foreign exchange or changes in commodity price exposure. Fluctuations in interest rates will affect
both our level of income and expense on a large portion of our assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in interest rates will also
affect the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
The
Company’s interest rate management strategy is to limit fluctuations in net interest income as interest rates vary up or
down and control variations in the market value of assets, liabilities and net worth as interest rates vary. We seek to coordinate
asset and liability decisions so that, under changing interest rate scenarios, net interest income will remain within an acceptable
range.
In
order to achieve the Company’s objectives of managing interest rate risk, the Asset and Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”)
meets periodically to discuss and monitor the market interest rate environment relative to interest rates that are offered on
our products. ALCO presents quarterly reports to the Board of Directors which includes the Company’s interest rate risk
position and liquidity position.
65
The
Company’s primary source of funds are deposits, consisting primarily of time deposits, money market accounts, savings accounts,
demand accounts and interest-bearing checking accounts, which have shorter terms to maturity than the loan portfolio. Several
strategies have been employed to manage the interest rate risk inherent in the asset/liability mix, including but not limited
to:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | maintaining the diversity of our existing loan portfolio through residential real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | emphasizing investments with an expected average duration of five years or less; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | when appropriate, using interest rate swaps to manage the interest rate position of the balance sheet. |
In
2021, cash flows from deposit inflows were used to pay down high cost FHLB borrowings, fund loan growth and purchase held-to-maturity
securities. The Company continues its emphasis on growing commercial loans, which typically have variable interest rates and shorter
maturities than residential loans.
The
actual amount of time before loans are repaid can be significantly affected by changes in market interest rates. Prepayment rates
will also vary due to a number of other factors, including the regional economy in the area where the loans were originated, seasonal
factors, demographic variables and the assumability of the loans. However, the major factors affecting prepayment rates are prevailing
interest rates, related financing opportunities and competition. We monitor interest rate sensitivity so that we can adjust our
asset and liability mix in a timely manner and minimize the negative effects of changing rates.
The
Company’s liquidity sources are vulnerable to various uncertainties beyond our control. Loan amortization and investment
cash flows are a relatively stable source of funds, while loan and investment prepayments and calls, as well as deposit flows
vary widely in reaction to market conditions, primarily prevailing interest rates. Asset sales are influenced by pledging activities,
general market interest rates and unforeseen market conditions. Our financial condition is affected by our ability to borrow at
attractive rates, retain deposits at market rates and other market conditions. We consider our sources of liquidity to be adequate
to meet expected funding needs and also to be responsive to changing interest rate markets.
Interest
Rate Risk.
Interest
rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income
and expense streams associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary
component of our earnings. ALCO utilizes the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure
of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. While ALCO routinely monitors simulated net interest income sensitivity
over a rolling two-year horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The
simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all
interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated balance sheet, as well as for derivative
financial instruments. This sensitivity analysis is compared to ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for
net interest income exposure over a one and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth.
The
repricing and/or new rates of assets and liabilities moved in tandem with market rates. However, in certain deposit products,
the use of data from a historical analysis indicated that the rates on these products would move only a fraction of the rate change
amount. Pertinent data from each loan account, deposit account and investment security was used to calculate future cash flows.
The data included such items as maturity date, payment amount, next repricing date, repricing frequency, repricing index, repricing
spread, caps and floors. Prepayment speed assumptions were based upon the difference between the account rate and the current
market rate. We also evaluate changes in interest rate sensitivity under various scenarios including but not limited to nonparallel
shifts in the yield curve, variances in prepayment speeds and variances to correlations of instrument rates to market indexes.
66
The
table below shows our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflecting the following changes to net interest income for the
first and second years of the simulation model. The analysis assumes no balance sheet growth, a parallel shift in interest rates,
and all rate changes were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder
of the simulation horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Changes in Interest Rates | At December 31, 2021 | At December 31, 2020 | ||||||
| 1 – 12 Months | ||||||||
| +200 basis points | -3.9 | % | -1.6 | % | ||||
| -100 basis points | -2.8 | % | -1.3 | % | ||||
| 13 – 24 Months | ||||||||
| +200 basis points | -4.5 | % | -4.9 | % | ||||
| -100 basis points | -8.6 | % | -9.1 | % |
The
preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast of net interest income, nor do the calculations represent any actions
that management may undertake in response to changes in interest rates. They should not be relied upon as being indicative of
expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature
and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions
on loans and deposits and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon
current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions,
including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Periodically,
if deemed appropriate, we may use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to
hedge our interest rate exposure to interest rate movements. The Board of Directors has approved hedging policy statements governing
the use of these instruments. These interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and involve the receipt of variable
rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for our making fixed payments. We did not have any interest rate swap agreements
designated as cash flow hedges at December 31, 2021.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements.
Refer
to Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements for a summary of the recent accounting pronouncements.
Impact
of Inflation and Changing Prices.
The
Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP generally
requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without consideration for
changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased
cost of our operations. Unlike industrial companies, our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature. As a result,
changes in market interest rates have a greater impact on performance than do the effects of inflation.