grepcent / static financial knowledge base

WEX Inc. (WEX)

CIK: 0001309108. SIC: 7389 Services-Business Services, NEC. Latest 10-K as of: 2026-02-13.

SIC breadcrumb: Services > Business Services > SIC 7389 Services-Business Services, NEC

SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1309108. Latest filing source: 0001309108-26-000010.

Informational only - descriptive public-record data, not investment advice.

Business

Read WEX's verbatim Item 1 Business section from its latest 10-K: Business.

Risk Factors

Read WEX's verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from its latest 10-K: Risk Factors.

Selected Fundamentals

MetricValueUnitFYFiled
Revenue2,660,800,000USD20252026-02-13
Net income304,100,000USD20252026-02-13
Assets14,399,500,000USD20252026-02-13

Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-13. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001309108.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

Download these verified figures (annual + quarterly, with per-value filing provenance): JSON · CSV

Flow metrics use full-year FY periods from 10-K/10-K/A filings; balance-sheet metrics use FY-end instants. Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures. Missing metrics are omitted rather than fabricated.

Metric201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Revenue1,012,488,0001,248,577,0001,492,639,0001,723,691,0001,559,869,0001,850,500,0002,350,500,0002,548,000,0002,628,100,0002,660,800,000
Net income60,637,000160,062,000168,295,000156,323,000-283,950,000135,300,000167,200,000266,600,000309,600,000304,100,000
Operating income158,525,000233,423,000380,638,000385,841,000-91,673,000342,000,000469,800,000647,100,000686,300,000663,900,000
Diluted EPS0.573.713.862.26-5.560.004.506.167.508.47
Operating cash flow-141,186,000135,427,000400,229,000663,171,000736,804,000-42,600,000679,400,000907,900,000481,400,000454,300,000
Capital expenditures61,799,00079,276,00087,152,000102,860,00080,471,00086,000,000112,900,000143,600,000147,300,000140,600,000
Share buybacks19,765,00022,011,0000.000.000.000.00282,800,000303,400,000652,000,000799,800,000
Assets5,997,097,0006,688,866,0006,770,595,0008,298,418,0008,183,361,00010,306,828,00011,529,200,00013,882,100,00013,321,600,00014,399,500,000
Liabilities4,491,350,0005,058,766,0004,974,671,0006,205,017,0006,148,225,0008,213,949,0009,879,700,00012,061,500,00011,832,800,00013,165,000,000
Stockholders' equity1,497,189,0001,620,880,0001,785,697,0001,926,947,0001,904,895,0001,838,773,0001,649,500,0001,820,600,0001,488,800,0001,234,500,000
Cash and cash equivalents190,930,000503,519,000541,498,000810,932,000852,000,000588,900,000922,000,000975,800,000595,800,000905,800,000
Free cash flow-202,985,00056,151,000313,077,000560,311,000656,333,000-128,600,000566,500,000764,300,000334,100,000313,700,000

Ratios

ROE and ROA use period-end equity/assets. Liabilities / equity uses total liabilities divided by stockholders' equity. Current ratio uses current assets divided by current liabilities when both are reported.

Metric201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Net margin5.99%12.82%11.27%9.07%-18.20%7.31%7.11%10.46%11.78%11.43%
Operating margin15.66%18.70%25.50%22.38%-5.88%18.48%19.99%25.40%26.11%24.95%
Return on equity4.05%9.88%9.42%8.11%-14.91%7.36%10.14%14.64%20.80%24.63%
Return on assets1.01%2.39%2.49%1.88%-3.47%1.31%1.45%1.92%2.32%2.11%
Liabilities / equity3.003.122.793.223.234.475.996.637.9510.66
Current ratio1.241.471.261.281.201.081.051.021.05

Industry Peer Context

Each number-line places WEX against the min, median, and max of latest reported values among companies in the same SIC industry when at least three peers report that ratio.

Net margin peer context

WEX Net margin versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 7389; peer count 59.WEX Net margin versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 7389; peer count 59.59 SIC peersMin -136.9%Median 5.8%Max 50.1%WEX 11.4%

Operating margin peer context

WEX Operating margin versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 7389; peer count 56.WEX Operating margin versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 7389; peer count 56.56 SIC peersMin -136.6%Median 9.2%Max 60.0%WEX 25.0%

ROE peer context

WEX ROE versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 7389; peer count 52.WEX ROE versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 7389; peer count 52.52 SIC peersMin -296.6%Median 8.7%Max 287.0%WEX 24.6%

ROA peer context

WEX ROA versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 7389; peer count 59.WEX ROA versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 7389; peer count 59.59 SIC peersMin -67.8%Median 2.9%Max 34.9%WEX 2.1%

Financial Bridges

Waterfall figures reconcile reported SEC companyfacts components. Missing bridges are omitted when required components are not present for the same fiscal year.

Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures

WEX FY2025 free cash flow bridge from reported figures.WEX FY2025 free cash flow bridge from reported figures.WEX free cash flow bridgeFY2025: operating cash flow less capital expendituresSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Free cash flow bridgeReported amount$0.0B$250.0M$500.0M$454.3MOperating cash flow-$140.6MCapex$313.7MFree cash flow

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts FY 2025. Operating cash flow: accession 0001309108-26-000010; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | Capital expenditures: accession 0001309108-26-000010; concept PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | Free cash flow: accession 0001309108-26-000010; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment

Financial Charts

WEX revenue, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX revenue, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX RevenueLatest point: FY2025 = $2.7BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearReported revenue$0.0B$2.0B$4.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: Revenues. Source concepts: us-gaap:Revenues.

WEX net income, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX net income, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Net incomeLatest point: FY2025 = $304.1MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearNet income$0.0B$250.0M$500.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.

WEX operating income, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX operating income, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Operating incomeLatest point: FY2025 = $663.9MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearOperating income$0.0B$375.0M$750.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: OperatingIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:OperatingIncomeLoss.

WEX diluted eps, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX diluted eps, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Diluted EPSLatest point: FY2025 = $8.47/shareSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearDiluted EPS (USD/share)$0.00/share$5.00/share$10.00/shareFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.

WEX operating cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX operating cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Operating cash flowLatest point: FY2025 = $454.3MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearOperating cash flow-$250.0M$0.0B$2.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities.

WEX capital expenditures, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX capital expenditures, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Capital expendituresLatest point: FY2025 = $140.6MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearCapital expenditures$0.0B$125.0M$250.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.

WEX share buybacks, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX share buybacks, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Share buybacksLatest point: FY2025 = $799.8MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearShare buybacks$0.0B$500.0M$1.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock.

WEX assets, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX assets, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX AssetsLatest point: FY2025 = $14.4BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearAssets$0.0B$10.0B$20.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: Assets. Source concepts: us-gaap:Assets.

WEX liabilities, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX liabilities, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX LiabilitiesLatest point: FY2025 = $13.2BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearLiabilities$0.0B$10.0B$20.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: Liabilities. Source concepts: us-gaap:Liabilities.

WEX stockholders' equity, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX stockholders' equity, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Stockholders' equityLatest point: FY2025 = $1.2BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearStockholders' equity$0.0B$1.0B$2.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: StockholdersEquity. Source concepts: us-gaap:StockholdersEquity.

WEX cash and cash equivalents, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX cash and cash equivalents, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Cash and cash equivalentsLatest point: FY2025 = $905.8MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearCash and cash equivalents$0.0B$500.0M$1.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue. Source concepts: us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue.

WEX free cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX free cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.WEX Free cash flowLatest point: FY2025 = $313.7MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearFree cash flow-$250.0M$0.0B$1.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001309108-26-000010; filed 2026-02-13. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.

Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-07-23. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001309108.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

QuarterEnd DateRevenueNet IncomeDiluted EPSMethod
2022-Q32022-09-30-1.00reported discrete quarter
2023-Q12023-03-311.56reported discrete quarter
2023-Q22023-06-302.20reported discrete quarter
2023-Q32023-09-30651,400,00018,400,0000.42reported discrete quarter
2023-Q42023-12-31663,300,00084,900,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2024-Q12024-03-31652,700,00065,800,0001.55reported discrete quarter
2024-Q22024-06-30673,500,00077,000,0001.83reported discrete quarter
2024-Q32024-09-30665,500,000102,900,0002.52reported discrete quarter
2024-Q42024-12-31636,500,00063,900,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2025-Q12025-03-31636,600,00071,500,0001.81reported discrete quarter
2025-Q22025-06-30659,600,00068,100,0001.98reported discrete quarter
2025-Q32025-09-30691,800,00080,300,0002.30reported discrete quarter
2025-Q42025-12-31672,900,00084,300,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2026-Q12026-03-31673,800,00077,700,0002.22reported discrete quarter
2026-Q22026-06-30753,500,000108,500,0003.11reported discrete quarter

Quarterly Charts

WEX quarterly revenue, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.WEX quarterly revenue, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.WEX Quarterly RevenueLatest point: 2026-Q2 = $753.5MSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Revenue$0.0B$500.0M$1.0B2023-Q32023-Q42024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32024-Q42025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32025-Q42026-Q12026-Q2

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-06-30; accession 0001309108-26-000029; filed 2026-07-23. Concept: Revenues. Source concepts: us-gaap:Revenues.

WEX quarterly net income, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.WEX quarterly net income, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.WEX Quarterly Net incomeLatest point: 2026-Q2 = $108.5MSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Net income$0.0B$125.0M$250.0M2023-Q32023-Q42024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32024-Q42025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32025-Q42026-Q12026-Q2

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-06-30; accession 0001309108-26-000029; filed 2026-07-23. Concept: NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic.

WEX quarterly diluted eps, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.WEX quarterly diluted eps, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.WEX Quarterly Diluted EPSLatest point: 2026-Q2 = $3.11/shareSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q2.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Diluted EPS (USD/share)-$1.00/share$0.00/share$4.00/share2022-Q32023-Q12023-Q22023-Q32024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32026-Q12026-Q2

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-06-30; accession 0001309108-26-000029; filed 2026-07-23. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.

Macro Cross-References

Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: 0001309108-26-000029.

Extracted structurally from real Item 2 body heading to real Item 3/4 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-07-23. Report date: 2026-06-30.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide information that will assist the reader with understanding our financial statements, the changes in key items in those financial statements from year to year, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting estimates affect our financial statements. The discussion also provides information about the financial results of the three segments of our business to provide a better understanding of how those segments and their results affect our financial condition and results of operations as a whole. Additionally, certain corporate costs not allocated to our operating segments are discussed herein.

Our MD&A is presented in the following sections:

•Executive Overview

•Company Highlights

•Results of Operations

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

•Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

This discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025, the notes accompanying those financial statements and MD&A as contained in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 13, 2026, and in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes in Part I – Item 1 of this report.

Executive Overview

WEX is the global commerce platform that simplifies the business of running a business. WEX has created a powerful ecosystem that offers seamlessly embedded, personalized solutions for its customers around the world. Across multiple enterprise payments categories, including the following three business segments, WEX transforms data into intelligence to deliver value to our customers through tailored spending controls, stronger cash flow visibility, reduced fraud exposure, and data-enriched insights into their business:

•Within our Mobility segment, we are a leading provider of payments and fleet management solutions. We serve diverse fleet needs globally, addressing the marketplace through North American Mobility and Over-the-Road, which are central to the operation of the service and freight economies, respectively, in North America and International Mobility, which is central to the operation of the service economy outside of North America, inclusive of our fleet portfolios in Europe and Asia-Pacific.

•Within our Benefits segment, we provide a broad benefits platform with integrated payments spanning HSAs, FSAs, HRAs, COBRA and benefits enrollment and administration, delivered directly to businesses or through our partner network. WEX Inc. also serves as an IRS-designated non-bank custodian, while WEX Bank provides HSA depository services.

•Our Corporate Payments segment provides comprehensive and secure B2B payments solutions powering mid-sized businesses and global enterprises through our scalable technology. Our capabilities and solutions broadly fall into the categories of Embedded Payments, which seamlessly integrates virtual payment capabilities into existing workflows, empowering a broad range of industries, including online travel, and Direct to Corporate, which automates accounts payable by integrating with enterprise resource planning software systems and accounting workflows to maximize virtual payment usage, addressing corporations of all sizes through direct to customer sales and white-label partnership offerings with financial institutions who license our technology.

35

Table of Contents

Company Highlights

The following table presents a summarized view of selected results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, shown comparative to the prior year periods. The “Other Key Metric” included below is considered by management to be of particular importance to our overall performance as it provides enhanced information and data underlying our financial results. A more extensive list of the key performance indicators regularly used by management to evaluate our performance is included by segment within the Results of Operations section later in this MD&A.

(in millions, except per share data)Three Months Ended June 30,Six Months Ended June 30,
2026202520262025
GAAP Measures:
Total revenues$753.5$659.6$1,427.4$1,296.1
Net income attributable to shareholders$108.5$68.1$186.2$139.6
Net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share$3.11$1.98$5.33$3.78
Net cash used for operating activities$(408.4)$(217.0)
Non-GAAP Measures(1)
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders$186.5$136.2$331.9$274.6
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share$5.35$3.95$9.49$7.44
Adjusted free cash flow$268.5$210.5
Other Key Metric:
Total volume across the Company(2)$68,862$59,501$126,981$113,557

(1)Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders, adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share, and adjusted free cash flow are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of operating performance. Refer to the sections titled Non–GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures and Liquidity and Capital Resources later in this MD&A for more information and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Total volume across the Company includes purchases on WEX-issued accounts as well as purchases on third party-issued accounts using a WEX platform.

36

Table of Contents

Results of Operations

The following includes information that our management believes is material to an understanding of our results of operations. Any significant changes, unusual or infrequent events, or significant economic changes that materially affect our results of operations are discussed below.

Mobility

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Mobility:

Three Months Ended June 30,Increase (Decrease)Six Months Ended June 30,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except per gallon data)20262025Amount%20262025Amount%
Revenues(1)
Payment processing revenue$210.8$160.4$50.431%$367.6$316.7$50.916%
Account servicing revenue53.852.01.94%107.1101.85.25%
Finance fee revenue101.680.021.527%181.4155.226.217%
Other revenue56.253.92.44%111.0106.24.85%
Total revenues$422.4$346.2$76.222%$767.0$680.0$87.013%
Key operating statistics
Total volume(2)$26,700.1$18,832.9$7,867.242%$46,590.7$37,583.8$9,006.924%
Payment processing transactions139.3139.20.1%269.7273.6(4.0)(1)%
Payment processing $ of fuel(2)$17,190.9$12,216.2$4,974.741%$29,897.7$24,234.0$5,663.623%
Payment processing gallons3,595.93,625.4(29.5)(1)%7,024.27,153.2(129.0)(2)%
Average U.S. fuel price ($USD/gal)$4.70$3.28$1.4243%$4.16$3.30$0.8626%
Net payment processing rate(3)1.23%1.31%(0.09)%(7)%1.23%1.31%(0.08)%(6)%
Net late fee rate0.48%0.54%(0.06)%(11)%0.49%0.53%(0.04)%(8)%
Credit losses, in basis points(4)16.113.52.619%17.412.54.939%

(1)Higher domestic fuel prices increased revenues by $63.8 million and $61.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025. The high volatility and rapid increase in the price of fuel as a result of the war in the Middle East, resulted in unfavorable European fuel price spreads and reduced revenue from fuel prices during the first quarter of 2026. During the second quarter of 2026, the impacts from European market fuel spreads reverted to more normal trends. Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had a $1.8 million and $4.6 million favorable impact on revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2025.

(2)Total volume and payment processing $ of fuel increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, due primarily to higher domestic fuel prices.

(3)Our net payment processing rate decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, due primarily to higher average domestic fuel prices, partly offset by the net impact of pricing initiatives.

(4)We generally measure our loss performance by calculating fuel-related losses as a percentage of total fuel expenditures on payment processing transactions. Refer to provision for credit losses discussion later in this section for more information.

Total Mobility revenues increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, as compared to the same periods of the prior year, driven substantially by higher payment processing and finance fee revenues. Payment processing revenues increased primarily as a result of higher average U.S. fuel prices. Finance fee revenue, which is comprised of the following components, is discussed below.

37

Table of Contents

Three Months Ended June 30,Increase (Decrease)Six Months Ended June 30,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20262025Amount%20262025Amount%
Late fee revenue$82.6$65.9$16.725%$146.8$129.6$17.213%
Factoring fee revenue18.914.14.834%34.625.69.035%
Finance fee revenue$101.6$80.0$21.527%$181.4$155.2$26.217%

Late fee revenue primarily consists of late fees charged for receivables not paid within the terms of the customer agreement based upon the outstanding customer receivable balance and, to a lesser degree, by finance charges earned on revolving portfolio balances. This revenue is earned when a customer’s receivable balance becomes delinquent and is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. Changes in the absolute amount of such outstanding balances can generally be attributed to: (i) changes in fuel prices; (ii) customer specific transaction volume; (iii) customer specific delinq

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Latest 10-K MD&A

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-02-13. Report date: 2025-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, financial condition at December 31, 2025 and 2024 and, when appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements within Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is presented in the following sections:•2025 Highlights and Year in Review •Our Segments•Results of Operations •Application of Critical Accounting Estimates •Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards•Liquidity and Capital Resources

2025 Highlights and Year in Review

Company Highlights

The following graphs present a comparative, summarized view of selected results. The “Other Key Metric” included below is considered by management to be of particular importance to our overall performance in 2025 as it provides enhanced information and data underlying our financial results. A more extensive list of the key performance indicators regularly used by management to evaluate our performance is included by segment within the Results of Operations section later in this MD&A.

53

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

GAAP Measures (in millions except per share data):

Total revenues

Net income attributable to shareholders

Net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share

Net cash provided by operating activities

Non-GAAP Measures (in millions except per share data):(1)

Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders

Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share

Adjusted free cash flow

Other Key Metric (in millions):

Total volume processed across the Company(2)

(1)Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders, adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share, and adjusted free cash flow are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of operating performance. Refer to the sections titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures and Liquidity and Capital Resources later in this MD&A for more information and for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Total volume processed across the Company includes purchases on WEX-issued accounts as well as purchases issued by others using a WEX platform.

54

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Our Segments

WEX has three reportable segments: Mobility, Benefits, and Corporate Payments. Through our Mobility segment, we are a leader in fleet payment solutions, transaction processing, and information management. We support fleets of all sizes, globally, through our proprietary closed-loop networks and a suite of software solutions that help manage fuel, EV charging, and operational workflows. Our Benefits segment provides SaaS software integrated with payment solutions that simplify employee benefits administration. We offer a broad range of consumer-directed health accounts, benefit administration services, and compliance solutions. WEX Inc. also serves as an IRS-designated non-bank custodian, while WEX Bank provides HSA depository services. Our Corporate Payments segment delivers global B2B payment solutions that integrate virtual payments into customer and partner workflows. We support accounts payable automation, embedded payment use cases across industries, and white-label programs for financial institutions through our issuing capabilities and payment technology.

The Company’s segment-allocated operating expenses consist of the following:

Cost of Services

•Processing costs - The Company’s processing costs consist of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing customers and merchants, and cost of goods sold related to hardware and other product sales.

•Service fees - The Company incurs costs from third-party networks utilized to deliver payment solutions. Additionally, other third-parties are utilized in performing services directly related to generating revenue.

•Provision for credit losses - Changes in the reserve for credit loss are the result of changes in management’s estimate of the losses in the Company’s outstanding portfolio of receivables, including losses from fraud.

•Operating interest - The Company incurs interest expense on operating debt and deposits, which provide liquidity to fund short-term receivables or are used to purchase fixed income securities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The Company has identified those tangible and intangible assets directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue and records the depreciation and amortization associated with those assets under this category. Such assets include processing platforms and related infrastructure, acquired developed technology intangible assets, and other similar asset types.

Other Operating Expenses

•General and administrative - General and administrative expenses includes compensation and related expenses for executives, finance and accounting, other information technology, human resources, legal, and other corporate functions. Also included are corporate facilities expenses, certain third-party professional service fees, and other corporate expenses.

•Sales and marketing - The Company’s sales and marketing expenses relate primarily to compensation, benefits, sales commissions, and related expenses for sales, marketing, and other related activities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The depreciation and amortization associated with tangible and intangible assets that are not considered to be directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue are recorded as other operating expenses. Such assets include corporate facilities and information technology assets, and acquired intangible assets other than those included in cost of services.

The Company does not allocate foreign currency gains and losses, financing interest expense, net of financial instruments, change in fair value of contingent consideration, loss on debt extinguishments, or income taxes to our operating segments as management believes these items are unpredictable and can obscure a segment’s operating trends and results.

In addition, the Company does not allocate to our operating segments certain corporate expenses, including acquisition and divestiture expenses, certain finance, legal, information technology, human resources, administrative and executive expenses, and other expenses, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

55

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2025, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

The following includes information that our management believes is material to an understanding of our results of operations. Any significant changes, unusual or infrequent events, or significant economic changes that materially affect our results of operations are discussed below.

Column 1Column 2
Mobility

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Mobility:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except per transaction and per gallon data)20252024AmountPercent
Revenues(1)
Payment processing revenue$642.7$694.5$(51.8)(7)%
Account servicing revenue209.1195.313.87%
Finance fee revenue319.8297.222.78%
Other revenue214.3213.80.5%
Total revenues$1,386.0$1,400.8$(14.9)(1)%
Key performance indicators
Total volume(2)$75,904.679,538.7$(3,634.0)(5)%
Payment processing transactions546.1566.8(20.7)(4)%
Payment processing $ of fuel$48,734.7$52,020.9$(3,286.3)(6)%
Payment processing gallons14,289.514,593.3(303.8)(2)%
Average U.S. fuel price (US$ / gal)$3.32$3.47$(0.2)(4)%
Net payment processing rate1.32%1.34%(0.02)%(1)%
Net late fee rate0.54%0.49%0.05%10%
Credit losses, in basis points(3)1312112%

(1)Lower domestic fuel prices decreased revenues by $27.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to 2024.

(2)Total volume and payment processing $ of fuel decreased during 2025 as compared to 2024 due primarily to lower domestic fuel prices, and in smaller part by a decline in same-store sales, which is a measure of fuel gallons purchased by customers who joined the Company prior to the preceding calendar year, adjusted for the number of business days in the period. The Company believes that the same-store sales decline is a reflection of the economic demand environment and the decrease is reflective of a long-term trend of better vehicle fuel efficiency.

(3)We generally measure our loss performance by calculating fuel-related losses as a percentage of total fuel expenditures on payment processing transactions.

The decrease in payment processing revenue during 2025, compared to 2024, was primarily the result of lower average domestic fuel prices, impacts from lower interest rates and a decline in volumes due largely to macroeconomic factors, including the ongoing freight recession.

The increase in account servicing revenue during 2025, compared to 2024, was primarily the result of higher fees charged on certain programs as a result of pricing initiatives.

Finance fee revenue, which is comprised of the following components, is discussed below.

56

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20252024AmountPercent
Finance income$263.5$255.1$8.43%
Factoring fee revenue56.442.114.334%
Finance fee revenue$319.8$297.2$22.78%

Finance income primarily consists of late fees charged for receivables not paid within the terms of the customer agreement based upon the outstanding customer receivable balance, and to a lesser degree by finance charges earned on revolving portfolio balances. Late fee revenue is earned when a customer’s receivable balance becomes delinquent and is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. Changes in the absolute amount of such outstanding balances can be attributed to (i) changes in fuel prices; (ii) customer specific transaction volume; and (iii) customer specific delinquencies. Late fee revenue can also be impacted by (i) changes in late fee rates; and (ii) increases or decreases in customer overdue balances. Late fee rates are determined and set based primarily on the risk associated with our customers, coupled with a strategic view of standard rates within our industry. We consider factors such as the Company’s overall financial model and strategic plan, the cost to our business from customers failing to pay timely, and the impact such late payments have on our financial results. We typically conduct an assessment of our late fee rates at least annually but such assessment may occur more often depending on macro-economic factors. In addition, we periodically assess the market rates within our industry to determine appropriate late fee rates.

Factoring fee revenue is calculated as a negotiated percentage fee of the receivable balance that we purchase.

Finance income increased in 2025 as compared to 2024, primarily from the impact of pricing actions, which resulted in higher contractual late fee rates charged, which were offset in part by a decline in fuel prices and instances of late fees, compared to the prior year. Further contributing to the year-over-year increase in finance income was a third quarter 2024 charge related to operational issues that impacted certain finance fee calculations. Factoring fee revenue increased during 2025, as compared to 2024, due primarily to an increase in factored invoices as a result of the January 2025 purchase of a factoring portfolio.

Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are generally limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan, or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions granted to customers experiencing financial difficulties during 2025 or 2024.

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Mobility:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20252024AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$314.5$300.0$14.55%
Service fees$7.5$7.2$0.34%
Provision for credit losses$63.4$61.0$2.44%
Operating interest$84.1$89.7$(5.6)(6)%
Depreciation and amortization$65.0$55.4$9.617%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$126.1$122.1$4.03%
Sales and marketing$254.3$222.8$31.514%
Depreciation and amortization$70.6$73.5$(2.9)(4)%
Operating income$400.4$469.1$(68.6)(15)%

57

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20252024AmountPercent
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$541.1$598.5$(57.4)(10)%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)39.0%42.7%(3.7)%(9)%

(1)See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 23, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. Such margin decreased during 2025, as compared to 2024, due primarily to lower average domestic fuel prices, which have a high flow-through impact on operating income, and the impact of 2025 sales and product development investments, as further discussed below.

The largest contributing fluctuations in individual expense categories year-over-year consisted of the following:

Cost of Services

Processing costs increased during 2025, as compared to 2024, primarily due to the recognition of a non-cash impairment charge of $9.9 million from the write-off of certain EV-related technology assets during the fourth quarter of 2025 as a result of slower-than-anticipated EV demand.

Depreciation and amortization increased during 2025 compared to the prior year due in part to increased capital expenditures for new product development in support of growth.

Other operating expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased during 2025, as compared to 2024, primarily resulting from targeted incremental investments tied to growth acceleration initiatives, approximately half of which was driven by digital marketing efforts, and to a lesser extent by a growth in partner commissions.

Column 1Column 2
Benefits

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Benefits:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20252024AmountPercent
Revenues
Payment processing revenue$104.2$96.2$7.98%
Account servicing revenue453.9445.28.72%
Finance fee revenue0.10.3(0.1)NM
Other revenue239.2197.941.321%
Total revenues$797.4$739.5$57.98%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$14,083.0$13,600.1$482.94%
Purchase volume$7,835.5$7,242.7$592.88%
Average number of SaaS accounts21.520.31.26%
HSA Yield4.98%4.90%0.08%2%
Average HSA custodial cash assets$4,749.2$4,280.4$469.211%

NM - Not meaningful

58

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Total Benefits revenue increased during 2025 as compared to 2024, primarily due to higher other revenue driven by greater average HSA deposit balances held by WEX Bank, on which we earn investment income, coupled with SaaS account growth.

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Benefits:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20252024AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$273.3$270.2$3.01%
Service fees$77.6$64.8$12.820%
Provision for credit losses$(0.5)$(0.5)$NM
Operating interest$5.2$4.6$0.512%
Depreciation and amortization$50.0$46.2$3.88%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$27.1$37.1$(10.0)(27)%
Sales and marketing$58.1$57.9$0.2%
Depreciation and amortization$80.9$85.8$(4.9)(6)%
Operating income$225.8$173.3$52.530%
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$341.6$307.0$34.611%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)42.8%41.5%1.3%3%

NM - Not meaningful

(1)See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 23, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. Revenue earned on HSA assets is highly accretive to earnings and is the primary driver of the increase in segment adjusted operating income margin for 2025 as compared to 2024.

The cost structure for our HSA investments allows revenue growth to be highly accretive to our margin. As a result, both 2025 operating income and segment adjusted operating income strongly benefited from the higher 2025 revenues. The largest contributing fluctuations in individual expense categories year-over-year consisted of the following:

Cost of Services

Service fees increased in 2025, as compared to 2024, primarily resulting from higher merchant and other related fees driven by account growth during the first half of 2025 and increased fees paid to partners on HSA balances.

Other Operating Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased for 2025 as compared with 2024 due in part to a reduction of Ascensus Acquisition integration costs and cost reduction initiatives.

59

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Column 1Column 2
Corporate Payments

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Corporate Payments:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except per transaction data)20252024AmountPercent
Revenues
Payment processing revenue$395.9$409.7$(13.8)(3)%
Account servicing revenue63.050.212.826%
Finance fee revenue1.30.70.680%
Other revenue17.227.2(10.0)(37)%
Total revenues$477.4$487.8$(10.4)(2)%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$147,785.7$138,707.3$9,078.37%
Purchase volume$80,300.3$89,639.9$(9,339.5)(10)%
Net interchange rate(1)0.49%0.46%0.04%8%

(1) Our net interchange rate has increased during 2025 compared to 2024, substantially due to customer volume mix, including a volume decrease for a legacy non travel customer from which we earned revenue on contractual minimum shortfalls.

Total Corporate Payments revenues decreased in 2025, as compared to 2024, net of $4.3 million favorable impact from foreign exchange rates. The decrease in revenue primarily resulted from a second quarter 2024 contract renegotiation with a large travel customer who transitioned to a new operating model. Under the new operating model, the decline in payment processing revenue earned was largely offset by an increase in account servicing revenue. The resultant shift in customer usage of our prepaid business model negatively impacted other revenue by reducing interest revenue earned on restricted cash balances.

Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are generally limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan, or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions to customers experiencing financial difficulties during either 2025 or 2024.

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Corporate Payments:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20252024AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$77.6$77.4$0.1%
Service fees$10.8$11.7$(0.9)(8)%
Provision for credit losses$15.5$7.7$7.8101%
Operating interest$19.7$9.7$10.0103%
Depreciation and amortization$37.1$32.4$4.714%

60

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20252024AmountPercent
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$49.6$58.9$(9.3)(16)%
Sales and marketing$75.2$59.9$15.325%
Depreciation and amortization$26.0$26.5$(0.5)(2)%
Operating income$166.0$203.5$(37.5)(18)%
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$213.3$256.2$(43.0)(17)%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)44.7%52.5%(7.9)%(15)%

(1)See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 23, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. See below for an explanation of changes to our year over year segment adjusted operating income margin.

As a result of owning all of our technology and issuing capabilities, our Corporate Payments segment has a highly scalable and relatively fixed cost base resulting in largely comparable expenses year to year. As a result, changes in revenue similarly impact operating income, segment adjusted operating income, and segment adjusted operating income margin. Instances in which our expenses in 2025 did not remain comparable to those of 2024 are described hereafter.

Cost of Services

The provision for credit losses for 2025 increased, as compared to 2024, as a result of higher collection risk on specific customer receivables and an increase in reserves as a result of macroeconomic factors.

Operating interest increased during 2025, as compared to 2024, due to higher relative average funding needs of the Corporate Payments segment.

Other Operating Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased during 2025 as compared to 2024, due in part to decreased employee compensation costs, including a reduction in estimated attainment of performance-based employee stock-based compensation during 2025, and an immaterial prior year operational reserve recorded as a result of a third-party software outage.

Sales and marketing expense increased during 2025, as compared to 2024, resulting primarily from targeted incremental investment in our sales force tied to growth acceleration initiatives.

Unallocated Corporate Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income for unallocated corporate expenses:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20252024AmountPercent
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$127.5$157.7$(30.2)(19)%
Depreciation and amortization$1.6$1.5$1%

General and administrative expenses decreased during 2025, as compared to 2024, as a result of decreased employee compensation costs, primarily due to a 2025 reduction in estimated attainment of performance-based employee stock-based compensation, and cost reduction initiatives, including a decrease in professional services expense.

61

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Non-Operating Income and Expense

The following table reflects comparative results for certain amounts excluded from operating income:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Absolute Dollar ChangeEffect of Change on Net Income
(in millions)20252024
Financing interest expense, net of financial instruments$(240.6)$(235.9)$4.7Reduction
Change in fair value of contingent consideration$(2.9)$(6.5)$3.5Increase
Net foreign currency loss$(0.2)$(26.1)$26.0Increase
Income tax expense$116.1$108.2$7.9Reduction

Financing interest expense, net of financial instruments increased in 2025, compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily due to incremental borrowings during the first quarter of 2025 primarily used to fund the Tender Offer. These increases were offset in part by lower interest rates and a reduction in borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility. See Part II - Item 8 - Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, for more information.

Our foreign currency exchange exposure is primarily related to the remeasurement of our cash, receivable and payable balances, including intercompany transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies. Losses incurred during 2024 resulted from the weakening of certain foreign currencies in which we transact, including the Euro and the Australian and Canadian dollars, relative to the U.S. dollar. During 2025, foreign currency losses on intercompany balance revaluation from a strong Euro and weakened U.S. dollar against British pound sterling were substantially offset by net foreign currency gains on asset revaluations to U.S. dollar as a result of the weakening of the U.S. dollar during the year against most foreign currencies in which we transact.

Income tax provision increased for 2025 as compared to the prior year. The increase in expense resulted from an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate, which was 27.6 percent for 2025 compared to 25.9 percent for 2024. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 14, Income Taxes of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the drivers behind our effective tax rates.

Year Ended December 31, 2024, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023

Discussion and analysis of the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on February 20, 2025.

62

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures

In addition to evaluating the Company’s performance on a GAAP basis, Company management uses particular non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude the impact of certain costs, expenses, gains, and losses, to evaluate our overall operating performance, including comparison across periods and with competitors. Our management team believes these non-GAAP measures are integral to our reporting and planning processes and uses them to assess operating performance because they generally exclude financial results that are outside the normal course of our business operations or management’s control. These measures are also used to allocate capital and resources among our operating segments.

Total Segment Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Net Income

Total segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented.

Adjusted net income, which similarly excludes the impact of all items excluded in total segment adjusted operating income except unallocated corporate expenses, further excludes unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, net foreign currency gains and losses, debt issuance cost amortization, tax related items, and certain other non-operating items, as applicable depending on the period presented.

For the periods presented herein, the following items have been excluded in determining one or more non-GAAP measures for the following reasons:

•Exclusion of the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments, including interest rate swap agreements and investment securities, helps management identify and assess trends in the Company’s underlying business that might otherwise be obscured due to quarterly non-cash earnings fluctuations associated with these financial instruments. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•Net foreign currency gains and losses primarily result from the remeasurement to functional currency of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, certain intercompany transactions denominated in foreign currencies and any gain or loss on foreign currency hedges relating to these items. The exclusion of these items helps management compare changes in operating results between periods that might otherwise be obscured due to currency fluctuations;

•The change in fair value of contingent consideration, which is related to the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to HSAs, is dependent upon changes in future interest rate assumptions and has no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the Company. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•The Company considers certain acquisition-related costs, including certain financing costs, investment banking fees, warranty and indemnity insurance, certain integration-related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, as well as gains and losses from divestitures to be unpredictable, dependent on factors that may be outside of our control and unrelated to the continuing operations of the acquired or divested business or the Company. In addition, the size and complexity of an acquisition, which often drives the magnitude of acquisition-related costs, may not be indicative of such future costs. The Company believes that excluding acquisition-related costs and gains or losses on divestitures facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in our industry;

•Stock-based compensation is different from other forms of compensation as it is a non-cash expense. For example, a cash salary generally has a fixed and unvarying cash cost. In contrast, the expense associated with an equity-based award is generally unrelated to the amount of cash ultimately received by the employee, and the cost to the Company is based on a stock-based compensation valuation methodology and underlying assumptions that may vary over time;

•Other costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. This also includes non-recurring professional service costs, costs related to certain identified initiatives, including restructuring and technology initiatives, to further streamline the business, improve the Company’s efficiency, create synergies and globalize the Company’s operations, all with an objective to improve scale and efficiency and increase profitability going forward.

63

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

•Impairment charges represent non-cash asset write-offs, which do not reflect recurring costs that would be relevant to the Company’s continuing operations. The Company believes that excluding these nonrecurring expenses facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in its industry;

•Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization, which for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes the loss on extinguishment of Convertible Notes, are unrelated to the continuing operations of the Company. Debt restructuring costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. In addition, since debt issuance cost amortization is dependent upon the financing method, which can vary widely company to company, we believe that excluding these costs helps to facilitate comparison to historical results as well as to other companies within our industry;

•The tax related items are the difference between the Company’s GAAP tax provision and a non-GAAP tax provision. Beginning in fiscal year 2024, the Company began utilizing a fixed annual projected long-term non-GAAP tax rate in order to provide better consistency across reporting periods. To determine this long-term projected tax rate, the Company performs a pro forma tax provision based upon the Company’s projected adjusted net income before taxes. The fixed annual projected long-term non-GAAP tax rate could be subject to change in future periods for a variety of reasons, including the rapidly evolving global tax environment, significant changes in our geographic earnings mix including due to acquisition activity, or other changes to our strategy or business operations; and

•The Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

Total segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income may be useful to investors as a means of evaluating our performance. However, because total segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income are non-GAAP measures, they should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, operating income or net income as determined in accordance with GAAP. Total segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

The following table reconciles net income attributable to shareholders to adjusted net income attributable to shareholders and related per share data:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202520242023
Net income attributable to shareholders$304.1$8.47$309.67.50$266.6$6.16
Unrealized loss (gain) on financial instruments(0.8)(0.02)0.20.0130.40.70
Net foreign currency loss (gain)0.226.10.63(4.9)(0.11)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration2.90.086.50.168.50.20
Acquisition-related intangible amortization191.95.34201.84.89184.04.25
Other acquisition and divestiture related items9.10.2512.10.296.60.15
Stock-based compensation103.52.88111.92.71131.63.04
Other costs25.40.7148.91.1945.61.05
Impairment charges9.90.28
Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization8.40.2315.90.3989.42.06
Tax related items(76.6)(2.13)(102.2)(2.47)(112.1)(2.59)
Dilutive impact of convertible debt(1)(0.10)
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders$578.0$16.10$631.0$15.28$645.8$14.81

(1)The dilutive impact of the Convertible Notes was calculated under the ‘if-converted’ method for the periods through which they were outstanding. Under the ‘if-converted’ method, $9.5 million of interest expense, net of tax, associated with the Convertible Notes was added back to adjusted net income for the year ended December 31, 2023. Approximately 0.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock associated with the assumed conversion of the Convertible Notes (prior to repurchase and cancellation during August 2023) was included in the calculation of adjusted net income per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2023, as the effect of including such adjustments was dilutive.

GAAP operating income was $663.9 million, $686.3 million and $647.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For a reconciliation of GAAP operating income to total segment adjusted operating income, please see the following table:

64

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202520242023
Segment adjusted operating income
Mobility$541.1$598.5$599.4
Corporate Payments213.3256.2277.2
Benefits341.6307.0241.8
Total segment adjusted operating income$1,095.9$1,161.7$1,118.4
Reconciliation:
Total segment adjusted operating income$1,095.9$1,161.7$1,118.4
Less:
Unallocated corporate expenses98.5102.1103.0
Acquisition-related intangible amortization191.9201.8184.0
Other acquisition and divestiture related items3.45.76.6
Impairment charges9.9
Stock-based compensation103.5111.9131.6
Other costs24.853.946.1
Operating income$663.9$686.3$647.1

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

Adjusted free cash flow is calculated as cash flows from operating activities adjusted for net purchases of current investment securities, capital expenditures, net Funding Activity, changes in WEX Bank cash balances and certain other adjustments.

Although non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, WEX believes that adjusted free cash flow is a useful measure to further evaluate our results of operations because (i) adjusted free cash flow indicates the level of cash generated by the operations of the business, which excludes consideration paid on acquisitions, after appropriate reinvestment for recurring investments in property, equipment and capitalized software that are required to operate the business; (ii) net Funding Activity includes fluctuations in deposits and other borrowings primarily used as part of our accounts receivable funding strategy; (iii) purchases of current investment securities are made as a result of deposits gathered operationally; and (iv) WEX Bank cash balances may be increased or decreased for reasons other than matching operating activity. However, because adjusted free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure, it should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, operating cash flow as determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, adjusted free cash flow as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

The following table reconciles GAAP operating cash flow to adjusted free cash flow for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202520242023
Operating cash flow$454.3$481.4$907.9
Change in WEX Bank cash balances(257.3)279.1(82.4)
Other(1)62.234.0(48.5)
Net Funding Activity983.8652.71,438.2
Less: Purchases of current investment securities, net of sales and maturities(464.4)(738.0)(1,561.0)
Less: Capital expenditures(140.6)(147.3)(143.6)
Adjusted free cash flow$638.0$562.0$510.6

(1) For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, other adjustments predominantly include add-backs to operating cash flows for contingent consideration and deferred consideration paid to sellers in excess of acquisition-date fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2023, other adjustments also includes an adjustment to remove proceeds received of $50.0 million on the termination of our interest rate swap agreements from operating cash flows.

65

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments about certain items and future events that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Part II – Item 8 – Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The accounting policies that we believe are most dependent on the application of critical accounting estimates and assumptions, or those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and operating results and require management’s most subjective judgments, are related to the determination of:

•Credit loss reserves;

•The valuation of the Company’s business combinations;

•Goodwill impairment; and

•Income taxes, in particular the recoverability of our deferred tax assets.

These accounting policies require the use of assumptions about matters, some of which are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially affected.

Credit Loss Reserves

The allowance for expected credit losses, which also includes reserves for fraud losses, is primarily calculated by analytical models using actual loss-rate experience and management discretion. Receivables exhibiting elevated credit risk characteristics from homogenous pools are assessed and reserved on an individual basis for expected credit losses. We assess these receivables for individual expected credit loss estimates utilizing credit scoring and other information including the occurrence of disputes, conversations with customers, or other significant credit loss events. Management monitors the credit quality of accounts receivable in making judgments necessary to estimate expected credit losses by analyzing delinquency reports, loss-rate trends, changes in customer payment patterns, economic indicators and recent trends in competitive, legal, and regulatory environments. When such indicators are forecasted to deviate from historical actual results, the Company qualitatively assesses what impact, if any, the trends are expected to have on the reserve for credit losses. The reserve for fraud losses is determined by monitoring pending fraud cases, customer-identified fraudulent activity, known and suspected fraudulent activity identified by the Company, as well as unconfirmed suspicious activity in order to make judgments as to probable fraud losses. Assumptions regarding expected credit and fraud losses are reviewed each reporting period and may be impacted by actual performance of accounts receivable and changes in any of the factors discussed above.

To the extent calculated expected credit losses are not indicative of future performance, actual loss experience and our results of operations could differ significantly from management’s judgments and expectations, resulting in either higher or lower future provisions for credit losses, as applicable. As of December 31, 2025, we have an estimated reserve for credit losses that is 2.4 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance as compared to December 31, 2024, when our estimated reserve for credit losses was 2.5 percent of gross accounts receivable. An increase or decrease to the 2025 reserve by 0.5 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance would increase or decrease the provision for credit losses by $17.2 million.

For additional information on credit losses, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Business Combinations

The accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable assets, including intangible assets and goodwill. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including projected financial information, effective income tax rates, present value discount factors and long-term growth expectations. The determined fair value of intangible assets impacts the amount of future amortization expense.

The significance of management’s estimates and assumptions are relative to the size of each individual acquisition. Our estimates are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable.

66

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

For additional information regarding the accounting for our acquisitions, see Note 4, Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Goodwill Impairment

Our goodwill impairment test is performed at least annually as of October 1, or more frequently, if events or conditions indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable.

When evaluating goodwill for impairment, we may first perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value. Events and circumstances we consider in performing this qualitative assessment include reporting unit headroom during the most recent quantitative assessment, macro-economic conditions (including interest rates, PPG and foreign currency exchange rates), market and industry conditions, Company share price fluctuations, and the operational stability and overall financial performance of our reporting units.

If we decide not to perform a qualitative assessment, or if we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative assessment. Under a quantitative impairment test, we estimate fair value using a combination of an income-based DCFM valuation model and a market-based GPCM valuation model.

Within the DCFM, the key assumptions that drive fair value of our reporting units are the WACC and projected financial information (i.e. growth rates and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows), both of which require significant management judgment. As the WACC increases, fair value decreases because market participants would require a higher rate of return. Additionally, the profitability of individual reporting units may suffer periodically from downturns in customer demand or other economic factors. Individual reporting units may be more greatly impacted than the Company as a whole, given the different market sectors and geographies in which we operate. As a result, demand for the services of one or more of the reporting units could decline, which could adversely affect the key inputs to our estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units. If actual reporting unit growth rates were to fall short of previous estimates or delays in the timing of future cash flows were to occur, the fair value of a reporting unit could be negatively impacted.

Within the GPCM, we obtain relevant comparable company earnings multiples by identifying a population of publicly traded companies with similar operations and key attributes to those of our reporting units (“GPCs”), considering revenue growth, profitability and the size of the reporting unit compared to the GPCs. This involves a certain degree of judgment as no two companies are entirely alike.

We elected to use qualitative assessment for all but one of our reporting units. Based on the results of those qualitative assessments, we determined that goodwill for those reporting units was not impaired as of October 1, 2025. Concurrently, we performed a quantitative assessment on an international Mobility reporting unit and determined that it was not impaired. As of December 31, 2025, this reporting unit has $93.5 million of associated goodwill. Future impairment of this reporting unit may occur if financial results or macroeconomic conditions deteriorate versus our current expectations. Unforeseen events, changes in circumstances and market conditions and differences in estimates of future cash flows could adversely affect the fair value of our assets and could result in future impairment charges.

For additional information on the accounting for goodwill and goodwill impairments recorded, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Income Taxes

Valuation allowance

We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized, the determination of which requires significant judgment. In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Our valuation allowance at December 31, 2025 decreased to $70.0 million from $96.3 million at December 31, 2024, resulting in deferred tax liabilities, net, of $170.4 million as of December 31, 2025. Changes in the expectations regarding the realization of deferred tax assets and liabilities could materially impact income tax expense in future periods.

For additional information on income taxes, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 14, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

67

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards

See Part II – Item 8 – Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for a complete discussion of recently issued accounting standards adopted and not yet adopted.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We fund our business operations primarily via cash on hand, cash generated from operations, the issuance of deposits and other borrowings primarily used as part of our accounts receivable funding strategy, and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility.

On March 6, 2025, we completed a private offering of $550.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 6.500% senior unsecured notes due in March 2033 (the “Senior Notes”) and entered into an amendment to our Credit Agreement which, among other things, established an incremental tranche of senior secured tranche B term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $450.0 million, both of which were used to (i) fund the Company’s Tender Offer, (ii) repay $250.0 million outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, and (iii) pay related fees and expenses, with any amounts remaining thereafter to be used for general corporate purposes.

As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $905.8 million, including Corporate Cash of $122.5 million, and remaining borrowing availability of $1.1 billion under the Revolving Credit Facility along with access to various sources of funds, including uncommitted federal funds lines of credit from other banks.

Our short-term cash requirements consist primarily of funding the working capital needs of our business, current principal and interest payments on the credit facilities under our Credit Agreement, and payments on maturities of deposits and other borrowings used as part of our accounts receivable funding strategy. We fund a customer’s entire receivable in the majority of our Mobility and Corporate Payments processing transactions. In these transactions, we extend short-term credit to cardholders, paying the merchant or payment network, as applicable, for the purchase price less the fees we retain, generally within 10 days. We subsequently collect the total purchase price from the cardholders, typically within 30 days from the billing date.

Our long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed under our Credit Agreement and any other long-term debt outstanding and various facilities lease agreements. For more information on our debt and deposit commitments refer to Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt and Note 11, Deposits, respectively, in this report. For more information on our future lease payments, including our minimum lease payment schedule as of December 31, 2025, refer to Part II – Item 8 – Note 15, Leases.

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash generating capabilities, financial condition and operations, and access to available funding sources will be adequate to fund our cash needs for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future. The table below includes a more comprehensive list of frequent sources and uses of cash:

Sources of cashUses of cash
•Cash generated from operations•Borrowings and availability on our Credit Agreement and other long-term borrowings1•Deposits2•Participation debt3•Accounts receivable securitization and factoring arrangements4•Borrowed federal funds and other short-term borrowings5•Payments on our Credit Agreement•Payments on maturities of deposits•Payments on borrowed federal funds and other short-term borrowings•Working capital needs of the business•Operating lease obligations•Capital expenditures•Repurchases of common stock6•Merger and acquisition activity

(1)As of December 31, 2025, we had outstanding term loan principal borrowings of $2.6 billion, borrowings of $428.4 million on the Revolving Credit Facility, letters of credit of $44.5 million drawn against the Revolving Credit Facility and $550.0 million of outstanding Senior Notes. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding our Credit Agreement and Senior Notes.

(2)WEX Bank’s regulatory status enables it to raise capital to fund the Company’s working capital requirements by issuing deposits, subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the UDFI. Additionally, WEX Bank holds deposits for the benefit of WEX

68

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Inc.’s HSA customers subject to the terms of a deposit agreement. As of December 31, 2025, we had $5.4 billion in deposits. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 11, Deposits, in this report for more information regarding our deposits.

(3)From time to time, WEX Bank enters into participation agreements with third-party banks to fund customers’ balances that exceed WEX Bank’s lending limit to individual customers. There was $65.2 million borrowed against these participation agreements as of December 31, 2025. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding these facilities.

(4)The Company utilizes securitized debt agreements to finance a portion of our receivables, lower our cost of borrowing and more efficiently utilize capital. The Company had $101.4 million of securitized debt under these facilities as of December 31, 2025. We also utilize off-balance sheet factoring and receivable securitization facilities to sell certain of our accounts receivable to unrelated third-party financial institutions in order to accelerate the collection of the Company’s cash and reduce internal costs. Available capacity is generally dependent on the level of our trade accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institution’s willingness to purchase such receivables. However, the Company is not dependent on them to maintain its liquidity and capital resources. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt and Note 13, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, in this report for further information about the Company’s securitized debt and off-balance sheet arrangements.

(5)WEX Bank borrows from short-term uncommitted federal funds lines of credit from time to time to supplement the financing of the Company’s accounts receivable. There were no outstanding borrowings under these lines of credit as of December 31, 2025. WEX Bank is also a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, which provides collateralized short-term funding. As of December 31, 2025, WEX Bank had $1.1 billion of advances outstanding. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding these facilities.

(6)Under share repurchase plans, which may be authorized by our board of directors from time to time, the Company may repurchase up to specified dollar values of shares of its common stock through a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, tender offers or accelerated share repurchase transactions or by any combination of such methods approved by our board of directors. See Part II - Item 8 - Note 5, Repurchases of Common Stock, to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our share repurchases.

Additional Sources of Cash Available

WEX Bank has the ability to borrow funds from the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window. Borrowing limits fluctuate based on pledged assets, and as of December 31, 2025, the Company could borrow up to a maximum amount of $151.0 million. WEX Bank had no borrowings outstanding on this line of credit as of December 31, 2025. Also, under an uncommitted borrowing facility, WEX Australia can be advanced up to A$21.3 million from Bank of America in short-term funds. The Company had no borrowings outstanding on this facility as of December 31, 2025. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding these borrowing arrangements.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash activities and adjusted free cash flow:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202520242023
Net cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities$454.3$481.4$907.9
Investing activities$(696.9)$(960.6)$(2,138.3)
Financing activities$418.9$(260.3)$1,573.3
Non-GAAP financial measure:
Adjusted free cash flow(1)$638.0$562.0$510.6

(1)The Company’s non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is calculated as cash flows from operating activities adjusted for net purchases of current investment securities, capital expenditures, net Funding Activity, changes in WEX Bank cash balances and certain other adjustments. For a definition of adjusted free cash flow and a reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities, the most closely comparable GAAP measure, and the reasons why we believe this is an important financial measure, please refer to the section titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures.

69

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Operating Activities

We fund a customer’s entire receivable in the majority of our Mobility and Corporate Payments processing transactions, while the revenue generated by these transactions is only a small percentage of that amount. Consequently, cash flows from operations are impacted significantly by increases or decreases in fuel prices and purchase volumes, driving changes in accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, which directly impact our capital resource requirements.

The majority of the Company’s trade receivables provide for payment terms of 30 days or less and receivables not paid within the terms of the agreement are generally subject to late fees based upon the outstanding receivable balance. The Company also extends revolving credit to certain small fleets.

The receivables portfolio consists of a large group of homogeneous smaller balances across a wide range of industries. No one customer receivable balance represented 10 percent or more of the outstanding receivables balance at December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2025, approximately 98 percent and 99 percent of the outstanding balance of total trade accounts receivable was less than 30 days and 60 days past due, respectively.

•Net cash provided by operating activities for 2025 decreased $27.1 million as compared to the prior year. The decrease was primarily attributable to a factoring accounts receivable portfolio acquired during the first quarter of 2025, offset in part by a reduction in income taxes paid as a result of the OBBBA and an increase in upfront payments received from customers.

•Net cash provided by operating activities for 2024 decreased $426.5 million as compared to 2023. Contributing to this decrease was one-time cash inflows during 2023 from the return of a collateral deposit and receipt of proceeds on the cancellation of the Company’s interest rate swaps, contingent consideration paid to Bell Bank during 2024, and higher payments related to the Company’s short-term incentive plan, related to 2023 and paid during 2024.

Investing Activities

Investing cash flows generally consist of capital expenditures, cash used for acquisitions and investment of eligible custodial cash assets.

•Net cash used for investing activities for 2025 decreased $263.7 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from lower relative investment of HSA deposits, partially offset by payments made toward the acquisition of receivable portfolios during 2025. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, in this report for more information.

•Net cash used for investing activities for 2024 decreased $1.2 billion as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from lower relative investment of HSA deposits. Additionally, 2023 cash flows used for investing activities included over $400 million in acquisition payments, which did not recur in 2024.

Financing Activities

Financing cash flows generally consist of the issuance, incurrence and repayment of debt and deposits, changes in restricted cash payable and purchases of our common stock.

•Net cash from financing activities during 2025 increased by $679.2 million as compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase in net Funding Activity, coupled with a comparatively smaller decrease in restricted cash payable during 2025 as compared to 2024.

•Net cash from financing activities during 2024 decreased $1.8 billion as compared to the prior year, due primarily to a reduction in our restricted cash payable resulting from a shift in customer usage of our prepaid business model and lower relative HSA deposits moved from third-party depository institutions to WEX Bank.

During both 2025 and 2024, we expended a significant amount of funds toward the return of capital to shareholders through the repurchase of shares of our common stock subject to an authorized and outstanding share repurchase program. During 2025, we funded the majority of such share repurchases with $450.0 million of gross borrowings from a new Term Loan B-3 facility under our Credit Agreement and through gross proceeds of $550.0 million from a new offering of Senior Notes. The excess of proceeds received through these borrowings over the amounts paid to repurchase shares were used to repay borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility. During 2024 we funded the majority of share repurchases with borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. As a result, these transactions collectively had little net impact on net cash flows from financing activities. Our share repurchase program expired on January 1, 2026.

70

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

Although non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, WEX believes that adjusted free cash flow is a useful measure to further evaluate our results of operations, as further described in the section of this document titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures.

•Adjusted free cash flow increased $76.0 million during 2025 as compared to 2024, primarily due to a reduction in income taxes paid during 2025 due to a prior year overpayment and impacts from the OBBBA.

•Adjusted free cash flow increased $51.4 million during 2024 as compared to 2023 consistent with the increase in the Company’s operating income year over year.

Financial Covenants

The Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants that, subject to certain customary exceptions, limit the Company and its subsidiaries’ (including, in certain limited circumstances, WEX Bank and the Company’s other regulated subsidiaries) ability to, among other things (i) incur additional debt, (ii) pay dividends or make other distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock, or make investments or other restricted payments, (iii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (iv) dispose of assets or issue stock of restricted subsidiaries or regulated subsidiaries, (v) create liens on assets, or (vi) effect a consolidation or merger or sell all, or substantially all, of the Company’s assets. The Credit Agreement also contains customary financial maintenance covenants, including that the Company maintain at the end of each fiscal quarter the following financial ratios:

•a consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of no less than 3.00 to 1.00; and

•a consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of no more than 4.75 to 1.00.

We were in compliance with these covenants and restrictions at December 31, 2025.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments to Extend Credit

We have entered into commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business. We had approximately $11.3 billion of unused commitments to extend credit at December 31, 2025, as part of established customer agreements, which are off-balance sheet arrangements. These amounts may increase or decrease during 2026 as we increase or decrease credit to customers, subject to appropriate credit reviews, as part of our lending product agreements. Many of these commitments are not expected to be utilized. We can adjust most of our customers’ credit lines at our discretion at any time. Therefore, we do not believe total unused credit available to customers and customers of strategic relationships represents future cash requirements. We believe that we can adequately fund actual cash requirements related to these credit commitments through the sources of cash described above.

Deferred Payments on Acquisition

We have deferred cash payments and additional consideration owed pursuant to previously completed acquisitions. In association with the March 2022 acquisition of SBI’s remaining interest in PO Holding, the Company owes a remaining purchase price of $80.7 million, which is payable in March 2026, along with interest payable in accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement. For additional information with respect to interest owed on these deferred payments, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 19, Commitments and Contingencies.

The April 2021 asset purchase agreement with Bell Bank for the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to over $3 billion of HSAs includes additional consideration payable annually by WEX that is calculated on a quarterly basis and is contingent, and based, upon increases in the Federal Funds rate from the date of acquisition. The contingent payment period extends through the earlier of December 31, 2030, or the date when the cumulative amount paid as contingent consideration equals $225.0 million. Through December 31, 2025, $206.4 million of consideration has been incurred, $51.0 million of which is unpaid as of December 31, 2025 and is payable during the first quarter of 2026. The Company expects that it will incur the full $225.0 million in contingent consideration, with final payment expected in the first quarter of 2027.

As more fully discussed in Part II – Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, the Company expects to close on the acquisition of a card program portfolio during the first quarter of 2026. The cost of the purchased accounts receivable is not fixed and determinable as such cost will be based on balances outstanding as of the close date, however, the Company does not

71

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

expect the aggregate purchase price of the portfolio to exceed $35.0 million, which we anticipate will be converted into cash shortly following the closing of the acquisition.

Other Contractual Commitments

We have purchase obligations that include agreements and purchase orders to acquire goods or services that are contractually enforceable and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities, pricing, and approximate timing of purchases. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $61.6 million of material cash requirements under purchase obligations with remaining terms in excess of one year, that are due in 2026. Our material cash requirements under such purchase obligations due beyond 2026 are approximately $136.7 million. These purchase obligations do not include amounts recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025. On an ongoing basis, the Company works with suppliers on the timing of payments and delivery of purchase commitments. The expected timing of payments of our purchase obligations is estimated based on current information.

Under contractual arrangements with certain fuel suppliers, the Company is subject to minimum annual volume commitments for the purchase of fuel products. Upon failing to meet these minimum commitments, the Company is subject to underlift fees. Such fees have generally been immaterial. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 19, Commitments and Contingencies, for more information.

In addition to these contractual commitments, as of December 31, 2025, the Company has unfunded commitments to provide loans of up to $17.4 million under a nonprofit community development program and to invest up to $6.4 million in certain limited partnership funds under subscription and limited partnership agreements. For more information on these unfunded commitments and the term over which funding can be expected, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 19, Commitments and Contingencies.

Regulatory Matters

WEX Bank is subject to a consent order issued by the FDIC on September 20, 2023 (the “2023 Order”), which requires WEX Bank to make certain improvements, which include corrections of certain issues identified in the 2023 Order and general enhancements to WEX Bank’s compliance management program. Customer impact and any resulting harm from the violations detailed in the 2023 Order have been identified and steps have been taken to remediate any such impact and harm. On December 17, 2024, the FDIC assessed a civil money penalty of $650 thousand to WEX Bank, which has been paid in full, in relation to the 2023 Order. The terms of the 2023 Order will remain in effect and be enforceable until they are modified, terminated, suspended or set aside by the FDIC. The civil money penalty and the matters identified in the 2023 Order have not had, nor are they expected to have, a material effect on WEX Bank’s operations or the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

MD&A history

Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. The latest 10-K appears above; prior years are below.

FY 2024 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001309108-25-000017.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2025-02-20. Report date: 2024-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, financial condition at December 31, 2024 and 2023 and, when appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements within Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is presented in the following sections:•2024 Highlights and Year in Review •Our Segments•Results of Operations •Application of Critical Accounting Estimates •Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards•Liquidity and Capital Resources

2024 Highlights and Year in Review

Company Highlights

The following graphs present a comparative, summarized view of selected results. The “Other Key Metric” included below is considered by Management to be of particular importance to our overall performance in 2024 as it provides enhanced information and data underlying our financial results. A more extensive list of the key performance indicators regularly used by management to evaluate our performance is included by segment within the Results of Operations section later in this MD&A.

GAAP Measures (in millions except per share data):

Total revenues

Net income attributable to shareholders

Net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share

Net cash provided by operating activities

53

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Non-GAAP Measures (in millions except per share data):(1)

Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders

Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share

Adjusted free cash flow

Other Key Metric (in millions):

Total volume processed across the Company(2)

(1)Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders, adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share, and adjusted free cash flow are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of operating performance. Refer to the sections titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures and Liquidity and Capital Resources later in this MD&A for more information and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Total volume processed across the Company, which includes purchases on WEX-issued accounts as well as purchases issued by others using a WEX platform.

Our Segments

WEX has three reportable segments: Mobility, Benefits and Corporate Payments. Within our Mobility segment, we are a leader in fleet payment solutions, transaction processing, and information management, serving diverse fleet needs globally from Over-the-Road to locally operated fleets. Our Benefits segment simplifies employee benefit plan administration through SaaS software integrated with payment solutions, delivering diverse product offerings including Benefit Administration, HSAs, FSAs, HRAs, COBRA and Direct Billing and compliance administration. WEX Inc. also serves as an IRS-designated non-bank custodian, while WEX Bank provides HSA depository services. Our Corporate Payments segment delivers global B2B payment solutions, powered by payment intelligence and workflow optimization, that enhance security, simplify processes and drive revenue.

The Company’s segment-allocated operating expenses consist of the following:

Cost of Services

•Processing costs - The Company’s processing costs consist of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing customers and merchants and cost of goods sold related to hardware and other product sales.

•Service fees - The Company incurs costs from third-party networks utilized to deliver payment solutions. Additionally, other third-parties are utilized in performing services directly related to generating revenue.

54

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

•Provision for credit losses - Changes in the reserve for credit loss are the result of changes in management’s estimate of the losses in the Company’s outstanding portfolio of receivables, including losses from fraud.

•Operating interest - The Company incurs interest expense on operating debt and deposits, which provide liquidity to fund short-term receivables or are used to purchase fixed income securities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The Company has identified those tangible and intangible assets directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue and records the depreciation and amortization associated with those assets under this category. Such assets include processing platforms and related infrastructure, acquired developed technology intangible assets and other similar asset types.

Other Operating Expenses

•General and administrative - General and administrative includes compensation and related expenses for executive, finance and accounting, other information technology, human resources, legal, and other corporate functions. Also included are corporate facilities expenses, certain third-party professional service fees, and other corporate expenses.

•Sales and marketing - The Company’s sales and marketing expenses relate primarily to compensation, benefits, sales commissions, and related expenses for sales, marketing, and other related activities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The depreciation and amortization associated with tangible and intangible assets that are not considered to be directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue are recorded as other operating expenses. Such assets include corporate facilities and information technology assets, and acquired intangible assets other than those included in cost of services.

•Impairment charges - Represents non-cash goodwill impairment charges. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

The Company does not allocate foreign currency gains and losses, financing interest expense, net of financial instruments, change in fair value of contingent consideration, loss on debt extinguishments, income taxes, and adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests to our operating segments as management believes these items are unpredictable and can obscure a segment’s operating trends and results. In addition, the Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2024, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2023

The following includes information that our management believes is material to an understanding of our results of operations. Any significant changes, unusual or infrequent events or significant economic changes that materially affect our results of operations are discussed below.

55

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Column 1Column 2
Mobility

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Mobility:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except per transaction and per gallon data)20242023AmountPercent
Revenues(1)
Payment processing revenue$694.5$695.0$(0.4)%
Account servicing revenue195.3168.626.716%
Finance fee revenue297.2312.9(15.8)(5)%
Other revenue213.8206.27.64%
Total revenues$1,400.8$1,382.7$18.11%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$79,538.7$84,721.2$(5,182.5)(6)%
Payment processing transactions566.8562.64.21%
Payment processing $ of fuel$52,020.9$56,683.6$(4,662.6)(8)%
Average U.S. fuel price (US$ / gal)$3.47$3.82$(0.35)(9)%
Net payment processing rate1.34%1.23%0.11%9%
Net late fee rate0.49%0.48%0.01%2%

(1)Lower domestic fuel prices decreased revenue by $73.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 2023.

Despite the headwind from lower average domestic fuel prices, total Mobility revenues increased $18.1 million for 2024, as compared to 2023. Such increases resulted primarily from pricing optimization efforts, which resulted in higher rates earned through merchant contract renewals at favorable terms and a favorable impact to our net late fee rate, as well as from increased revenues as a result of the Payzer Acquisition. The increase in our net payment processing rate for 2024, as compared to the prior year, was the result of the lower average domestic fuel prices and the Company’s pricing optimization efforts.

Finance fee revenue is comprised of the following components:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20242023AmountPercent
Finance income$255.1$271.8$(16.7)(6)%
Factoring fee revenue42.141.11.02%
Finance fee revenue$297.2$312.9$(15.8)(5)%

Finance income primarily consists of late fees charged for receivables not paid within the terms of the customer agreement based upon the outstanding customer receivable balance, and to a lesser degree by finance charges earned on revolving portfolio balances. Late fee revenue is earned when a customer’s receivable balance becomes delinquent and is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. Changes in the absolute amount of such outstanding balances can be attributed to (i) changes in fuel prices; (ii) customer specific transaction volume; and (iii) customer specific delinquencies. Late fee revenue can also be impacted by (i) changes in late fee rates and (ii) increases or decreases in customer overdue balances. Late fee rates are determined and set based primarily on the risk associated with our customers, coupled with a strategic view of standard rates within our industry. We consider factors such as the Company’s overall financial model and strategic plan, the cost to our business from customers failing to pay timely and the impact such late payments have on our financial results. We typically conduct an assessment of our late fee rates at least annually but such assessment

56

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

may occur more often depending on macro-economic factors. In addition, we periodically assess the market rates within our industry to determine appropriate late fee rates.

Finance income decreased $16.7 million in 2024 as compared to 2023, primarily due to a decline in the number of late fee instances, reflective of the tighter credit policies we put in place during 2023, and by lower domestic fuel prices. Offsetting in part these decreases were increases in contractual late fee rates charged during 2024, as compared to 2023, attributable to the pricing optimization efforts mentioned earlier. Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are generally limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions granted to customers experiencing financial difficulties during 2024 or 2023.

The primary source of factoring fee revenue is calculated as a negotiated percentage fee of the receivable balance that we purchase. Factoring fee revenue for 2024 largely remained consistent with that of 2023.

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Mobility:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20242023AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$300.0$283.9$16.16%
Service fees$7.2$7.6$(0.4)(5)%
Provision for credit losses$61.0$87.1$(26.1)(30)%
Operating interest$89.7$69.5$20.229%
Depreciation and amortization$55.4$40.8$14.636%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$122.1$138.3$(16.2)(12)%
Sales and marketing$222.8$212.4$10.45%
Depreciation and amortization$73.5$70.3$3.25%
Operating income$469.1$472.8$(3.7)(1)%
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$598.5$599.4$(0.9)%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)42.7%43.3%(0.6)%(1)%

(1)Segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue.

Both 2024 operating income and segment adjusted operating income remained relatively flat to that of 2023. The largest contributing fluctuations in individual expense categories year over year consisted of the following:

Cost of Services

Provision for credit losses, which includes estimates for both credit and fraud losses, decreased $26.1 million for 2024, as compared to 2023. Stabilization in the over-the-road trucking market, tighter credit policies put in place to reduce losses, and lower than expected charge-offs from macroeconomic factors have all contributed to the reduction in the provision during 2024 as compared to 2023. We generally measure our loss performance by calculating fuel-related losses as a percentage of total fuel expenditures on payment processing transactions. This metric for provision for credit losses was 11.5 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2024, as compared to 15.4 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2023.

57

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Operating interest expense increased $20.2 million in 2024, as compared to 2023, primarily reflective of higher interest rates paid on deposits and operating debt.

Depreciation and amortization increased $14.6 million during 2024 compared to the prior year due in part to the amortization of intangible assets obtained as part of the Payzer Acquisition and increased capital expenditures to support growth.

Other operating expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $16.2 million in 2024 as compared to 2023 primarily due to a third quarter 2023 write-off of certain costs associated with an abandoned IT development project and higher professional services expense in the prior year period.

Column 1Column 2
Benefits

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Benefits:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20242023AmountPercent
Revenues
Payment processing revenue$96.2$90.7$5.56%
Account servicing revenue445.2435.79.42%
Finance fee revenue0.30.3NM
Other revenue197.9141.756.240%
Total revenues$739.5$668.4$71.111%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$13,600.1$12,441.8$1,158.39%
Purchase volume$7,242.7$6,655.6$587.19%
Average number of SaaS accounts20.319.90.32%
Average HSA custodial cash assets$4,280.4$3,868.9$411.511%

Total Benefits revenue increased $71.1 million during 2024 as compared to the prior year. A rise in average HSA deposit balances held by WEX Bank and interest rates earned on the investment of such balances, as reflected within other revenue, coupled with increased revenues due to the Ascensus Acquisition, substantially contributed to the increase in total revenues for 2024 as compared to 2023.

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Benefits:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20242023AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$270.2$261.0$9.24%
Service fees$64.8$53.0$11.822%
Provision for credit losses$(0.5)$7.4$(7.9)NM
Operating interest$4.6$5.3$(0.7)(13)%
Depreciation and amortization$46.2$39.5$6.717%

58

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20242023AmountPercent
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$37.1$55.7$(18.6)(33)%
Sales and marketing$57.9$58.7$(0.8)(1)%
Depreciation and amortization$85.8$72.8$13.018%
Operating income$173.3$114.8$58.451%
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$307.0$241.8$65.227%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)41.5%36.2%5.3%15%

(1)Segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. The revenues earned on HSA assets is highly accretive to earnings and as a result, segment adjusted operating income margin for 2024 increased significantly from 2023.

NM - Not meaningful

The cost structure for our HSA investments allows revenue growth to be highly accretive to our margin. As a result, both 2024 operating income and segment adjusted operating income strongly benefited from the higher 2024 revenues. The largest contributing fluctuations in individual expense categories year over year consisted of the following:

Cost of Services

Service fees increased $11.8 million in 2024, as compared to 2023. The increase primarily resulted from higher transaction costs and increased mailing fees, in part due to growth in revenues.

The provision for credit losses for 2024 decreased $7.9 million as compared to the prior year comparable period, however, such decrease is not meaningful as it was substantially driven by an atypically higher provision during the prior year period resulting from a reserve taken against one customer’s outstanding receivable balance.

Depreciation and amortization for 2024 increased $6.7 million as compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to software assets recently placed into service.

Other Operating Expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $18.6 million for 2024 as compared with 2023 primarily due to lower professional services expense and employee compensation.

Depreciation and amortization increased $13.0 million for 2024, as compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets obtained as part of the Ascensus Acquisition.

59

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Column 1Column 2
Corporate Payments

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Corporate Payments:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except per transaction data)20242023AmountPercent
Revenues
Payment processing revenue$409.7$428.0$(18.3)(4)%
Account servicing revenue50.242.18.119%
Finance fee revenue0.71.0(0.3)(27)%
Other revenue27.225.81.35%
Total revenues$487.8$496.9$(9.1)(2)%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$138,707.3$128,167.8$10,539.58%
Purchase volume$89,639.9$92,196.9$(2,557.0)(3)%
Net interchange rate0.46%0.46%%(1)%

Total Corporate Payments revenues decreased $9.1 million in 2024, as compared to 2023. The net decrease was primarily driven by a reduction in purchase volume, largely attributable to a contract change for a large travel customer, which also shifted revenues between payment processing and account servicing. Impact from the above mentioned travel contract is expected to affect reported revenue through the first half of 2025.

Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are generally limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions to customers experiencing financial difficulties during either 2024 or 2023.

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Corporate Payments:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20242023AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$77.4$76.7$0.71%
Service fees$11.7$12.6$(1.0)(8)%
Provision for credit losses$7.7$(4.7)$12.5NM
Operating interest$9.7$9.4$0.34%
Depreciation and amortization$32.4$24.1$8.334%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$58.9$76.9$(18.0)(23)%
Sales and marketing$59.9$56.6$3.36%
Depreciation and amortization$26.5$26.2$0.41%

60

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20242023AmountPercent
Operating income$203.5$219.1$(15.6)(7)%
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$256.2$277.2$(21.0)(8)%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)52.5%55.8%(3.3)%(6)%

(1)Segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. Segment adjusted operating income margin decreased during 2024 from 2023, primarily due to an overall increase in operating expenses, as discussed below.

NM - Not meaningful

As a result of owning all of our technology and issuing capabilities, our Corporate Payments segment has a highly scalable and relatively fixed cost base resulting in largely comparable expenses year to year. As a result, changes in revenue similarly impact operating income, segment adjusted operating income, and segment adjusted operating income margin. Instances in which our expenses in 2024 did not remain comparable to those of 2023 are described hereafter.

The provision for credit losses for 2024 increased $12.5 million, as compared to 2023. This incremental expense was driven primarily by a prior year reduction in expected losses resulting from a stabilization in the macroeconomic environment and associated reduction in collection risk associated with our larger travel customers.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $8.3 million during 2024, as compared to 2023, primarily due to the depreciation of certain payments processing assets placed into service during the first quarter of 2024.

General and administrative expenses decreased $18.0 million during 2024 as compared to 2023 primarily due to a reduction in professional services expense and lower employee stock compensation costs.

Unallocated Corporate Expenses

Unallocated corporate expenses represent the portion of expenses relating to general corporate functions including acquisition and divestiture expenses, certain finance, legal, information technology, human resources, administrative and executive expenses and other expenses not directly attributable to a reportable segment.

The following table compares line items within operating income for unallocated corporate expenses:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20242023AmountPercent
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$157.7$157.1$0.6%
Depreciation and amortization$1.5$2.6$(1.0)(40)%

Expenses largely remained consistent during 2024 as compared to the prior year.

61

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Non-Operating Income and Expense

The following table reflects comparative results for certain amounts excluded from operating income:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Absolute Dollar ChangeEffect of Change on Net Income
(in millions)20242023
Financing interest expense, net of financial instruments$(235.9)$(204.6)$31.3Reduction
Change in fair value of contingent consideration$(6.5)$(8.5)$2.0Increase
Loss on extinguishment of Convertible Notes$$(70.1)$70.1Increase
Net foreign currency (loss) gain$(26.1)$4.9$31.0Reduction
Income tax provision$108.2$102.2$6.0Reduction

During 2023, the Company benefited from net gains and lower effective interest rates as a result of our interest rate swap financing instruments, which offset financing interest expense. These swap instruments were terminated in December 2023. During 2024, increased borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility contributed to the increase in expense during 2024 as compared to the prior year period. These increases were offset in part by a reduction in interest paid when compared to the prior year period due to the repurchase and cancellation of our Convertible Notes during the third quarter of 2023.

During August 2023, we repurchased all of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the Company’s Convertible Notes at a premium, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of $70.1 million. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt of our consolidated financial statements for further information on the repurchase of the Convertible Notes.

Our foreign currency exchange exposure is primarily related to the remeasurement of our cash, receivable and payable balances, including intercompany transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies. Losses incurred during 2024 resulted from the weakening of certain foreign currencies in which we transact, including the Euro and the Australian and Canadian dollars, relative to the U.S. dollar.

The increase in income tax provision for 2024 as compared to the prior year is due primarily to an increase in the Company’s taxable income, offset in part by a decrease in the Company’s effective tax rates. The Company’s effective tax rate for 2024 was 25.9 percent compared to 27.7 percent for 2023. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 14, Income Taxes of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the drivers behind our effective tax rates.

Year Ended December 31, 2023, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022

Discussion and analysis of the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the SEC on February 23, 2024.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures

In addition to evaluating the Company’s performance on a GAAP basis, Company management uses particular non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude the impact of certain costs, expenses, gains and losses, to evaluate our overall operating performance, including comparison across periods and with competitors. Our management team believes these non-GAAP measures are integral to our reporting and planning processes and uses them to assess operating performance because they generally exclude financial results that are outside the normal course of our business operations or management’s control. These measures are also used to allocate capital and resources among our operating segments.

62

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Total Segment Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Net Income

Total segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented.

Adjusted net income, which similarly excludes the impact of all items excluded in total segment adjusted operating income except unallocated corporate expenses, further excludes unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, net foreign currency gains and losses, debt issuance cost amortization, tax related items, and certain other non-operating items, as applicable depending on the period presented.

For the periods presented herein, the following items have been excluded in determining one or more non-GAAP measures for the following reasons:

•Exclusion of the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments, including interest rate swap agreements and investment securities, helps management identify and assess trends in the Company’s underlying business that might otherwise be obscured due to quarterly non-cash earnings fluctuations associated with these financial instruments. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•Net foreign currency gains and losses primarily result from the remeasurement to functional currency of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, certain intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies and any gain or loss on foreign currency hedges relating to these items. The exclusion of these items helps management compare changes in operating results between periods that might otherwise be obscured due to currency fluctuations;

•The change in fair value of contingent consideration, which is related to the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to HSAs, is dependent upon changes in future interest rate assumptions and has no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the Company. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•The Company considers certain acquisition-related costs, including certain financing costs, investment banking fees, warranty and indemnity insurance, certain integration-related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, as well as gains and losses from divestitures to be unpredictable, dependent on factors that may be outside of our control and unrelated to the continuing operations of the acquired or divested business or the Company. In addition, the size and complexity of an acquisition, which often drives the magnitude of acquisition-related costs, may not be indicative of such future costs. The Company believes that excluding acquisition-related costs and gains or losses on divestitures facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in our industry;

•Stock-based compensation is different from other forms of compensation as it is a non-cash expense. For example, a cash salary generally has a fixed and unvarying cash cost. In contrast, the expense associated with an equity-based award is generally unrelated to the amount of cash ultimately received by the employee, and the cost to the Company is based on a stock-based compensation valuation methodology and underlying assumptions that may vary over time;

•Other costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. This also includes non-recurring professional service costs, costs related to certain identified initiatives, including restructuring and technology initiatives, to further streamline the business, improve the Company’s efficiency, create synergies and globalize the Company’s operations, all with an objective to improve scale and efficiency and increase profitability going forward.

•Impairment charges represent non-cash asset write-offs, which do not reflect recurring costs that would be relevant to the Company’s continuing operations. The Company believes that excluding these nonrecurring expenses facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in its industry;

•Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization, which for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes the loss on extinguishment of Convertible Notes, are unrelated to the continuing operations of the Company. Debt restructuring costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. In addition, since debt issuance cost amortization is dependent upon the financing method, which can vary widely company to company, we believe that excluding these costs helps to facilitate comparison to historical results as well as to other companies within our industry;

•The adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests, including adjustments to the redemption value of a non-controlling interest, have no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the business;

63

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

•The tax related items are the difference between the Company’s GAAP tax provision and a non-GAAP tax provision. Beginning in fiscal year 2024, the Company began utilizing a fixed annual projected long-term non-GAAP tax rate in order to provide better consistency across reporting periods. To determine this long-term projected tax rate, the Company performs a pro forma tax provision based upon the Company’s projected adjusted net income before taxes. The fixed annual projected long-term non-GAAP tax rate could be subject to change in future periods for a variety of reasons, including the rapidly evolving global tax environment, significant changes in our geographic earnings mix including due to acquisition activity, or other changes to our strategy or business operations; and

•The Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

Total segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income may be useful to investors as a means of evaluating our performance. However, because total segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income are non-GAAP measures, they should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, operating income or net income as determined in accordance with GAAP. Total segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

The following table reconciles net income attributable to shareholders to adjusted net income attributable to shareholders and related per share data:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202420232022
Net income attributable to shareholders$309.6$7.50$266.66.16$201.4$4.50
Unrealized loss (gain) on financial instruments0.20.0130.40.70(83.2)(1.86)
Net foreign currency loss (gain)26.10.63(4.9)(0.11)22.70.51
Change in fair value of contingent consideration6.50.168.50.20139.13.11
Acquisition-related intangible amortization201.84.89184.04.25170.53.81
Other acquisition and divestiture related items12.10.296.60.1517.90.40
Stock-based compensation111.92.71131.63.04100.72.25
Other costs48.91.1945.61.0538.40.86
Impairment charges136.53.05
Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization15.90.3989.42.0617.30.39
ANI adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests(34.6)(0.77)
Tax related items(102.2)(2.47)(112.1)(2.59)(115.8)(2.59)
Dilutive impact of convertible debt(1)(0.10)(0.13)
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders$631.0$15.28$645.8$14.81$611.0$13.53

(1)The dilutive impact of the Convertible Notes was calculated under the ‘if-converted’ method for the periods through which they were outstanding. Under the ‘if-converted’ method, $9.5 million and $15.1 million of interest expense, net of tax, associated with the Convertible Notes was added back to adjusted net income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Approximately 0.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock associated with the assumed conversion of the Convertible Notes (prior to repurchase and cancellation) was included in the calculation of adjusted net income per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2023, as the effect of including such adjustments was dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately 1.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock associated with the assumed conversion of the Convertible Notes as of the beginning of the period was included in the calculation of adjusted net income per diluted share, as the effect of including such adjustments was dilutive.

GAAP operating income was $686.3 million, $647.1 million and $469.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For a reconciliation of GAAP operating income to total segment adjusted operating income, please see the following table:

64

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202420232022
Segment adjusted operating income
Mobility$598.5$599.4$693.4
Corporate Payments256.2277.2192.7
Benefits307.0241.8133.7
Total segment adjusted operating income$1,161.7$1,118.4$1,019.8
Reconciliation:
Total segment adjusted operating income$1,161.7$1,118.4$1,019.8
Less:
Unallocated corporate expenses102.1103.084.5
Acquisition-related intangible amortization201.8184.0170.5
Other acquisition and divestiture related items5.76.617.9
Impairment charges136.5
Stock-based compensation111.9131.6100.7
Other costs53.946.139.9
Operating income$686.3$647.1$469.8

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

Adjusted free cash flow has historically been calculated as cash flows from operating activities adjusted for net purchases of current investment securities, capital expenditures, net Funding Activity, and certain other adjustments. Such calculation has historically been based on the principle that the net activity in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and investment of HSA deposits would be offset by WEX Bank Funding Activity, however, due to the nature of WEX Bank cash balances, they may be increased or decreased for reasons other than matching operating activity. As a result, beginning with the third quarter of 2024, adjusted free cash flow also includes an adjustment to reflect the change in WEX Bank cash balances and the applicable prior periods have similarly been adjusted to conform to the current presentation.

Although non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, WEX believes that adjusted free cash flow is a useful measure for investors to further evaluate our results of operations because (i) adjusted free cash flow indicates the level of cash generated by the operations of the business, which excludes consideration paid on acquisitions, after appropriate reinvestment for recurring investments in property, equipment and capitalized software that are required to operate the business; (ii) net Funding Activity includes fluctuations in deposits and other borrowings primarily used as part of our accounts receivable funding strategy; (iii) purchases of current investment securities are made as a result of deposits gathered operationally; and (iv) WEX Bank cash balances may be increased or decreased for reasons other than matching operating activity. However, because adjusted free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure, it should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, operating cash flow as determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, adjusted free cash flow as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

The following table reconciles GAAP operating cash flow to adjusted free cash flow for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

65

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202420232022
Operating cash flow, as reported$481.4$907.9$679.4
Adjustments to cash flows from operating activities:
Change in WEX Bank cash balances279.1(82.4)(295.7)
Other(1)34.0(48.5)
Adjusted for certain investing and financing activities:
Net Funding Activity652.71,438.2839.1
Less: Purchases of current investment securities, net of sales and maturities(738.0)(1,561.0)(585.8)
Less: Capital expenditures(147.3)(143.6)(112.9)
Adjusted free cash flow$562.0$510.6$524.2

(1) For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, other adjustments predominantly includes an add-back to operating cash flows for contingent consideration and deferred consideration paid to sellers in excess of acquisition-date fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2023, other adjustments also includes an adjustment to remove proceeds received of $50.0 million on the termination of our interest rate swap agreements from operating cash flows.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments about certain items and future events that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Part II – Item 8 – Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The accounting policies that we believe are most dependent on the application of critical accounting estimates and assumptions, or those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and operating results and require management’s most subjective judgments, are related to the determination of:

•Credit loss reserves;

•The valuation of the Company’s business combinations and asset acquisitions;

•Goodwill impairment; and

•Income taxes, in particular the recoverability of our deferred tax assets.

These accounting policies require the use of assumptions about matters, some of which are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially affected.

Credit Loss Reserves

The allowance for expected credit losses is primarily calculated by analytical models using actual loss-rate experience and management discretion. Receivables exhibiting elevated credit risk characteristics from homogenous pools are assessed and reserved on an individual basis for expected credit losses. We assess these receivables for individual expected credit loss estimates utilizing credit scoring and other information including the occurrence of disputes, conversations with customers, or other significant credit loss events. Management monitors the credit quality of accounts receivable in making judgments necessary to estimate expected credit losses by analyzing delinquency reports, loss-rate trends, changes in customer payment patterns, economic indicators and recent trends in competitive, legal, and regulatory environments. When such indicators are forecasted to deviate from historical actual results, the Company qualitatively assesses what impact, if any, the trends are expected to have on the reserve for credit losses. Assumptions regarding expected credit losses are reviewed each reporting period and may be impacted by actual performance of accounts receivable and changes in any of the factors discussed above.

To the extent calculated expected credit losses are not indicative of future performance, actual loss experience and our results of operations could differ significantly from management’s judgments and expectations, resulting in either higher or lower future provisions for credit losses, as applicable. As of December 31, 2024, we have an estimated reserve for credit losses that is 2.5 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance as compared to December 31, 2023, when our estimated reserve for credit losses was 2.6 percent of gross accounts receivable. An increase or decrease to the 2024

66

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

reserve by 0.5 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance would increase or decrease the provision for credit losses by $15.4 million.

For additional information on credit losses, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions

The accounting for business combinations and asset acquisitions requires estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business or assets, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable assets, including intangible assets and goodwill. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including projected financial information, effective income tax rates, present value discount factors and long-term growth expectations. The determined fair value of intangible assets and the respective useful lives assigned thereto impact the amount and timing of future amortization expense. Further, a significant difference in the estimated useful life, which is based on the term over which we expect to benefit from the underlying assets, versus the actual period over which we benefit from the assets, could lead to future impairments.

The significance of management’s estimates and assumptions are relative to the size of each individual acquisition. Our estimates are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. For additional information regarding the accounting for our acquisitions, see Note 4, Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Goodwill Impairment

Our goodwill impairment test is performed at least annually as of October 1, or more frequently, if events or conditions indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable.

When evaluating goodwill for impairment, we may first perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value (“step zero” of the impairment test). Events and circumstances we consider in performing step zero include reporting unit headroom during the most recent quantitative assessment, macro-economic conditions (including interest rates, PPG and foreign currency exchange rates), market and industry conditions, share price fluctuations, and the operational stability and overall financial performance of our reporting units.

If we decide not to perform a qualitative assessment, or if we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative assessment. Under a quantitative impairment test, we estimate fair value using a combination of an income-based DCFM valuation model and a market-based GPCM valuation model.

Within the DCFM, the key assumptions that drive fair value of our reporting units are the WACC and projected financial information (i.e. growth rates and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows), both of which require significant management judgment. As the WACC increases, fair value decreases because market participants would require a higher rate of return. Additionally, the profitability of individual reporting units may suffer periodically from downturns in customer demand or other economic factors. Individual reporting units may be more greatly impacted than the Company as a whole, given the different market sectors and geographies in which we operate. As a result, demand for the services of one or more of the reporting units could decline, which could adversely affect the key inputs to our estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units. If actual reporting unit growth rates were to fall short of previous estimates or delays in the timing of future cash flows were to occur, the fair value of a reporting unit could be negatively impacted.

Within the GPCM, we obtain relevant comparable company earnings multiples by identifying a population of publicly traded companies with similar operations and key attributes to those of our reporting units (“GPCs”), considering revenue growth, profitability and the size of the reporting unit compared to the GPCs. This involves a certain degree of judgment as no two companies are entirely alike.

Based on the results of the qualitative assessment performed for all but one of our reporting units, we determined that goodwill was not impaired as of October 1, 2024. Based on the results of the quantitative assessment performed for one of our international Mobility reporting units with $86.8 million of goodwill as of December 31, 2024, we determined that goodwill was not impaired as of October 1, 2024. Future impairment of this reporting unit may occur if financial results or macroeconomic conditions deteriorate versus our current expectations. Unforeseen events, changes in circumstances and

67

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

market conditions and differences in estimates of future cash flows could adversely affect the fair value of our assets and could result in future impairment charges.

For additional information on the accounting for goodwill and goodwill impairments recorded, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Income Taxes

Valuation allowance

We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized, the determination of which requires significant judgment. In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Our valuation allowance at December 31, 2024 decreased to $96.3 million from $100.7 million at December 31, 2023, resulting in deferred tax liabilities, net, of $127.4 million as of December 31, 2024. Changes in the expectations regarding the realization of deferred tax assets and liabilities could materially impact income tax expense in future periods.

For additional information on income taxes, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 14, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards

See Part II – Item 8 – Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for a complete discussion of recently issued accounting standards adopted and not yet adopted.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We fund our business operations primarily via cash on hand, cash generated from operations, the issuance of deposits, and borrowings under our Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $595.8 million, including Corporate Cash of $80.3 million, and remaining borrowing availability of $655.2 million under the Revolving Credit Facility along with access to various sources of funds, including uncommitted federal funds lines of credit from other banks.

Our short-term cash requirements consist primarily of funding the working capital needs of our business, payments on maturities of deposits, current principal and interest payments on the credit facilities under our Credit Agreement, and payments on other short-term debt. Our long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed under our Credit Agreement and various facilities lease agreements. For more information on our debt and deposit commitments refer to Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt and Note 11, Deposits, respectively, in this report. For more information on our future lease payments, including our minimum lease payment schedule as of December 31, 2024, refer to Part II – Item 8 – Note 15, Leases.

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash generating capabilities, financial condition and operations, and access to available funding sources will be adequate to fund our cash needs for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future. The table below includes a more comprehensive list of frequent sources and uses of cash:

68

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Sources of cashUses of cash
•Cash generated from operations•Borrowings and availability on our Credit Agreement1•Deposits2•Participation debt3•Accounts receivable securitization and factoring arrangements4•Borrowed federal funds and other short-term borrowings5•Payments on our Credit Agreement•Payments on maturities of deposits•Payments on borrowed federal funds and other short-term borrowings•Working capital needs of the business•Operating lease obligations•Capital expenditures•Repurchases of common stock6•Merger and acquisition activity

(1)During May 2024, the Company entered into the Fifth Amendment to the Credit Agreement, which increased commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility to $1.6 billion, increased the size of the tranche A term loan facility to $900.0 million, repriced the applicable interest margin for the tranche A term loans and Revolving Credit Facility and extended the maturity date to May 2029 for both the tranche A term loans and Revolving Credit Facility. Note that the maturity date of each of the Term A-1 Loans and Revolving Credit Facility is the earlier of (i) May 10, 2029 and (ii) the date that is 91 days prior to the maturity of the Term B-2 Loans, as further described in the Credit Agreement. Under our Credit Agreement, as of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding term loan principal borrowings of $2,254.6 million, borrowings of $905.6 million on the Revolving Credit Facility and letters of credit of $39.2 million drawn against the Revolving Credit Facility. The letters of credit are issued on our behalf in favor of third-party beneficiaries and primarily collateralize Corporate Payments processing activity. Subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement, these irrevocable letters of credit are secured and are renewed on an annual basis unless the Company chooses not to renew them. The Term A-1 Loans and Term B-2 Loans require scheduled quarterly payments through the respective maturity dates. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding principal payments and the applicable interest rates on our Credit Agreement.

(2)WEX Bank’s regulatory status enables it to raise capital to fund the Company’s working capital requirements by issuing deposits, subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the UDFI. WEX Bank accepts its deposits through certain customers as required collateral for credit that has been extended (“customer deposits”) and contractual arrangements for brokered and non-brokered certificate of deposit and money market deposit products. Additionally, WEX Bank holds deposits for the benefit of WEX Inc.’s HSA customers subject to the terms of a deposit agreement. Customer deposits are generally non-interest bearing, certificates of deposit are issued at fixed rates, money market deposits are issued at both fixed and variable rates based on the Federal Funds rate and HSA deposits are issued at rates as defined within the consumer account agreements. Certificates of deposit and certain fixed term money market deposit products have fixed contractual maturities. Money market deposits without fixed terms may be withdrawn by the holder at any time, although the allowed number of transactions may be limited and notification may be required. Customer deposits are released at the termination of the relationship, net of any customer receivable, or upon reevaluation of the customer’s credit in limited instances. HSA funds can be withdrawn by the account holders at any time. We believe that our deposits are paying competitive yields and that the brokered deposit market remains liquid. As of December 31, 2024, we had $4.5 billion in deposits. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 11, Deposits, in this report for more information regarding our deposits.

(3)From time to time, WEX Bank enters into participation agreements with third-party banks to fund customers’ balances that exceed WEX Bank’s lending limit to individual customers. There was $49.2 million borrowed against these participation agreements as of December 31, 2024. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding these facilities.

(4)The Company utilizes securitized debt agreements to finance a portion of our receivables, lower our cost of borrowing and more efficiently utilize capital. The Company had $86.8 million of securitized debt under these facilities as of December 31, 2024. We also utilize off-balance sheet factoring and receivable securitization facilities to sell certain of our accounts receivable to unrelated third-party financial institutions in order to accelerate the collection of the Company’s cash and reduce internal costs. Available capacity is generally dependent on the level of our trade accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institution’s willingness to purchase such receivables. However, the Company is not dependent on them to maintain its liquidity and capital resources. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt and Note 13, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, in this report for further information about the Company’s securitized debt and off-balance sheet arrangements.

(5)WEX Bank borrows from short-term uncommitted federal funds lines of credit from time to time to supplement the financing of the Company’s accounts receivable. There were no outstanding borrowings under these lines of credit as of December 31, 2024. WEX Bank is also a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, which provides collateralized short-term funding. As of December 31, 2024, WEX Bank had $1.1 billion of advances outstanding, secured by $1.2 billion of investment securities at fair value. During its availability period, which ceased on March 11, 2024, WEX Bank accessed low-cost capital through advances under the BTFP. All BTFP borrowings were paid in full as of December 31, 2024. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding these facilities.

(6)The Company may issue secured and unsecured debt to finance a portion of our share repurchases. Under share repurchase plans, which may be authorized by our board of directors from time to time, the Company may repurchase up to specified dollar values of shares of its common stock through a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, tender offers or accelerated share repurchase transactions or by any combination of such methods approved by our board of directors. See Part II - Item 8 - Note 5, Repurchases of Common Stock, to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our share repurchases.

69

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Additional Sources of Cash Available

WEX Bank has the ability to borrow funds from the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window. Borrowing limits fluctuate based on pledged assets, and as of December 31, 2024, the Company could borrow up to a maximum amount of $137.7 million. WEX Bank had no borrowings outstanding on this line of credit as of December 31, 2024.

Under an uncommitted borrowing facility, WEX Australia can be advanced up to A$21.3 million from Bank of America in short-term funds. The Company had no borrowings outstanding on this facility as of December 31, 2024.

See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding these borrowing arrangements.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash activities and adjusted free cash flow:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202420232022
Net cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities$481.4$907.9$679.4
Investing activities$(960.6)$(2,138.3)$(716.7)
Financing activities$(260.3)$1,573.3$681.3
Non-GAAP financial measure:
Adjusted free cash flow(1)$562.0$510.6$524.2

(1)The Company’s non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow has historically been calculated as cash flows from operating activities adjusted for net purchases of current investment securities, capital expenditures, net Funding Activity, and certain other adjustments. Such calculation has historically been based on the principle that the net activity in accounts receivable, accounts payable, and investment of HSA deposits would be offset by WEX Bank Funding Activity, however, due to the nature of WEX Bank cash balances, they may be increased or decreased for reasons other than matching operating activity. As a result, beginning with the third quarter of 2024, adjusted free cash flow also includes an adjustment to reflect the change in WEX Bank cash balances and the applicable prior periods have similarly been adjusted to conform to the current presentation. For an updated definition of adjusted free cash flow and a reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities, the most closely comparable GAAP measure, and the reasons why we believe this is an important financial measure, please refer to the section titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures.

Operating Activities

We fund a customer’s entire receivable in the majority of our Mobility and Corporate Payments processing transactions, while the revenue generated by these transactions is only a small percentage of that amount. Consequently, cash flows from operations are impacted significantly by increases or decreases in fuel prices and purchase volumes, driving changes in accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, which directly impact our capital resource requirements.

The majority of the Company’s trade receivables provide for payment terms of 30 days or less and receivables not paid within the terms of the agreement are generally subject to late fees based upon the outstanding receivable balance. The Company also extends revolving credit to certain small fleets. Such accounts are also subject to late fees and interest charges based on a revolving balance. The Company had approximately $114.1 million and $133.3 million of receivables with revolving credit balances as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The receivables portfolio consists of a large group of homogeneous smaller balances across a wide range of industries. No one customer receivable balance represented 10 percent or more of the outstanding receivables balance at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, approximately 98 percent and 99 percent of the outstanding balance of total trade accounts receivable was less than 30 days and 60 days past due, respectively.

•Net cash provided by operating activities for 2024 decreased $426.5 million as compared to the prior year. Contributing to this decrease was the absence of prior year one-time cash inflows from the return of a collateral deposit and receipt of proceeds on the cancellation of the Company’s interest rate swaps, as discussed below, contingent consideration paid to Bell Bank during 2024, and higher payments related to the Company’s short-term incentive plan, related to 2023 and paid during 2024.

•Net cash provided by operating activities for 2023 increased $228.5 million as compared to the prior year, primarily attributable to the favorable impact on working capital resulting from a decrease in fuel prices during 2023 relative to the prior year. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities includes a $76.0 million

70

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

receipt from the return of a collateral deposit as well as the $50.0 million receipt of proceeds upon the termination of all of the Company’s outstanding swaps with a collective notional amount of $1.1 billion, which the Company had used to manage the interest rate risk associated with its outstanding variable-interest rate borrowings.

The Company intends to make approximately $25 million of incremental investments in sales and marketing expenses throughout 2025, spread amongst our three operating segments.

Investing Activities

Investing cash flows generally consist of capital expenditures, cash used for acquisitions and investment of eligible custodial cash assets.

•Net cash used for investing activities for 2024 decreased $1,177.7 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from lower relative investment of HSA deposits. In the prior year, we also had over $400 million paid for acquisitions. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, in this report for more information regarding the Ascensus and Payzer Acquisitions.

•Net cash used for investing activities for 2023 decreased $1,421.6 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from an increase in net purchases of available-for-sale debt securities and cash paid for acquisitions.

Financing Activities

Financing cash flows generally consist of the issuance and repayment of debt and deposits, changes in restricted cash payable and purchases of our common stock. Repurchases of our common stock may vary based on management’s evaluation of market and economic conditions and other factors.

•Net cash from financing activities during 2024 decreased $1,833.6 million as compared to the prior year, due primarily to a reduction in our restricted cash payable resulting from a shift in customer usage of our prepaid business model, accelerated share repurchases and lower relative HSA deposits moved from third-party depository institutions to WEX Bank. See Part II - Item 8 - Note 13, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, for more details on the composition of HSA assets for which the Company is custodian.

•Net cash provided by financing activities during 2023 increased $892.0 million as compared to the prior year, due primarily to net borrowings under the newly available BTFP and under our Revolving Credit Facility to fund acquisitions, offset in part by the repurchase of our Convertible Notes.

During 2024 the Company expended $652.0 million toward the return of capital to shareholders through the repurchase of approximately 3.3 million shares of our common stock subject to an authorized and outstanding share repurchase program.

During 2024, the Company’s board of directors authorized an amended share repurchase program under which up to an additional $1.0 billion worth of WEX’s common stock may be repurchased by the Company through December 31, 2025, expanding the total authorization from $1.05 billion to $2.05 billion. As of December 31, 2024, there was $963.8 million worth of WEX common stock available to be purchased pursuant to the repurchase plan authorization.

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

Although non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, WEX believes that adjusted free cash flow is a useful measure for investors to further evaluate our results of operations, as further described in the section of this document titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures.

•Adjusted free cash flow increased $51.4 million during 2024 as compared to 2023 consistent with the increase in the Company’s operating income year over year, reflecting the conversion of a substantial portion of our adjusted net income into adjusted free cash flow.

•Adjusted free cash flow decreased only marginally during 2023 from 2022 primarily due to increased capital expenditures. Increased cash inflows from operating activities and Net Funding were substantially offset by increased net purchases of available-for-sale debt securities.

Undistributed Earnings

Undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company amounted to $313.6 million at December 31, 2024. The Company continues to maintain its indefinite reinvestment assertion for its investments in foreign subsidiaries except for any historical undistributed earnings and future earnings for WEX Australia. Upon distribution of the foreign

71

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

subsidiaries’ earnings in which the Company continues to assert indefinite reinvestment, which approximates $298.4 million at December 31, 2024, the Company would be subject to withholding taxes payable to foreign countries, where applicable, but would generally have no further federal income tax liability.

Earnings outside of the United States are accompanied by certain financial risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may reduce the reported value of our foreign currency revenues, net of expenses and cash flows. We cannot predict changes in currency exchange rates, the impact of currency exchange rate changes nor the degree to which we will be able to manage the impact of currency exchange rate changes.

Financial Covenants

The Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants that, subject to certain customary exceptions, limit the Company and its subsidiaries’ (including, in certain limited circumstances, WEX Bank and the Company’s other regulated subsidiaries) ability to, among other things (i) incur additional debt, (ii) pay dividends or make other distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock, or make investments or other restricted payments, (iii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (iv) dispose of assets or issue stock of restricted subsidiaries or regulated subsidiaries, (v) create liens on assets, or (vi) effect a consolidation or merger or sell all, or substantially all, of the Company’s assets. The Credit Agreement also contains customary financial maintenance covenants, including that the Company maintain at the end of each fiscal quarter the following financial ratios:

•a consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of no less than 3.00 to 1.00; and

•a consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of no more than 4.75 to 1.00.

We were in compliance with these covenants and restrictions at December 31, 2024.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments to Extend Credit

We have entered into commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business. We had approximately $10.5 billion of unused commitments to extend credit at December 31, 2024, as part of established customer agreements, which are off-balance sheet arrangements. These amounts may increase or decrease during 2025 as we increase or decrease credit to customers, subject to appropriate credit reviews, as part of our lending product agreements. Many of these commitments are not expected to be utilized. We can adjust most of our customers’ credit lines at our discretion at any time. Therefore, we do not believe total unused credit available to customers and customers of strategic relationships represents future cash requirements. We believe that we can adequately fund actual cash requirements related to these credit commitments through the sources of cash described above.

Deferred Payments on Acquisition

We have deferred cash payments and additional consideration owed pursuant to previously completed acquisitions. In association with the March 2022 acquisition of SBI’s remaining interest in PO Holding, the Company owes SBI a remaining purchase price of $157.3 million, payable in the amount of $76.7 million in March 2025 and $80.6 million in March 2026, along with interest payable in accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement. For additional information with respect to interest owed on these deferred payments, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies.

The April 2021 asset purchase agreement with Bell Bank for the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to over $3 billion of HSAs includes additional consideration payable annually by WEX that is calculated on a quarterly basis and is contingent, and based, upon increases in the Federal Funds rate from the date of acquisition. The contingent payment period extends through the earlier of December 31, 2030, or the date when the cumulative amount paid as contingent consideration equals $225.0 million. Through December 31, 2024, $155.4 million of consideration has been incurred, $62.2 million of which is unpaid as of December 31, 2024 and is payable during the first quarter of 2025. Assuming no further changes to the Federal Funds rate as of December 31, 2024, the Company expects that it will incur the full $225.0 million in contingent consideration, the remainder of which would be payable over the next two years with the majority payable within the first quarter of 2026 based on the Federal Funds rate in effect as of December 31, 2024. The Federal Funds rate would have to significantly decrease for the Company to not incur the full $225.0 million of contingent consideration.

72

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Other Contractual Commitments

We have purchase obligations that include agreements and purchase orders to acquire goods or services that are contractually enforceable and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities, pricing, and approximate timing of purchases. As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $64.4 million of material cash requirements under purchase obligations with remaining terms in excess of one year, that are due in 2025. Our material cash requirements under such purchase obligations due beyond 2025 are approximately $16.0 million. These purchase obligations do not include amounts recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024. On an ongoing basis, the Company works with suppliers on the timing of payments and delivery of purchase commitments. The expected timing of payments of our purchase obligations is estimated based on current information.

Under existing contractual arrangements, the Company is required to purchase a minimum amount of fuel from certain fuel suppliers on an annual basis. Upon failing to meet these minimum commitments, a penalty is assessed as defined under the contracts. If the Company were not to purchase any fuel under these commitments after December 31, 2024, it would pay penalties of approximately $3.4 million during 2025 and approximately $7.0 million after 2025. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies, for more information.

In addition to these contractual commitments, as of December 31, 2024, the Company has unfunded commitments to provide loans of up to $13.5 million under a nonprofit community development program and to invest up to $8.4 million in certain limited partnership funds under subscription and limited partnership agreements. For more information on these unfunded commitments and the term over which funding can be expected, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies.

Regulatory Matters

WEX Bank is subject to a consent order issued by the FDIC on September 20, 2023 (the “2023 Order”), which requires WEX Bank to make certain improvements, which include corrections of certain issues identified in the 2023 Order and general enhancements to WEX Bank’s compliance management program. Customer impact and any resulting harm from the violations detailed in the 2023 Order have been identified and steps have been taken to remediate any such impact and harm. On December 17, 2024, the FDIC assessed a civil money penalty of $650 thousand to WEX Bank, which has been paid in full, in relation to the 2023 Order. The terms of the 2023 Order will remain in effect and be enforceable until they are modified, terminated, suspended or set aside by the FDIC. The civil money penalty and the matters identified in the 2023 Order have not had, nor are they expected to have, a material effect on WEX Bank’s operations or the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

FY 2023 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001309108-24-000033.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2024-02-23. Report date: 2023-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, financial condition at December 31, 2023 and 2022 and, when appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements within Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is presented in the following sections:•2023 Highlights and Year in Review •Our Segments•Results of Operations •Application of Critical Accounting Estimates •Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards•Liquidity and Capital Resources

2023 Highlights and Year in Review

Company Highlights

The following graphs present a comparative, summarized view of selected results. The “Other Key Metric” included below is considered by Management to be of particular importance to our overall performance in 2023 as it provides enhanced information and data underlying our financial results. A recurring, more extensive list of key performance indicators is included by segment within the Results of Operations section later in this MD&A.

53

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

GAAP Measures (in millions except per share data):

Total revenues

Net income attributable to shareholders

Net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share

Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities

Non-GAAP Measures (in millions except per share data):(1)

Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders

Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share

Adjusted free cash flow

Other Key Metric (in millions):

Total volume processed across the Company(2)

(1)Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders, adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share, and adjusted free cash flow are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of operating performance. Refer to the sections titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures and Liquidity and Capital Resources later in this MD&A for more information and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

(2)Total volume processed across the Company, which includes purchases on WEX-issued accounts as well as purchases issued by others using a WEX platform.

54

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Our Segments

WEX has three reportable segments: Mobility, Corporate Payments, and Benefits. Within our Mobility segment, we are a leader in fleet vehicle payment solutions, transaction processing, and information management services specifically designed for the needs of fleets of all sizes from small businesses to federal and state government fleets and over-the-road carriers. Our Corporate Payments segment focuses on the complex payment environment of global B2B payments, enabling customers to utilize our payments solutions to integrate into their own workflows and manage their accounts payable automation and spend management functions. Within our Benefits segment, we provide SaaS software with embedded payment solutions and plan administration services for consumer directed health benefits, COBRA accounts, and benefit enrollment and administration. Additionally, WEX Inc. and WEX Bank provide custodial and depository services, respectively, with respect to HSAs.

The Company’s segment-allocated operating expenses consist of the following:

Cost of Services

•Processing costs - The Company’s processing costs consist of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing customers and merchants and cost of goods sold related to hardware and other product sales.

•Service fees - The Company incurs costs from third-party networks utilized to deliver payment solutions. Additionally, other third-parties are utilized in performing services directly related to generating revenue.

•Provision for credit losses - Changes in the reserve for credit loss are the result of changes in management’s estimate of the losses in the Company’s outstanding portfolio of receivables, including losses from fraud.

•Operating interest - The Company incurs interest expense on operating debt and deposits, which provide liquidity to fund short-term receivables or are used to purchase fixed income securities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The Company has identified those tangible and intangible assets directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue and records the depreciation and amortization associated with those assets under this category. Such assets include processing platforms and related infrastructure, acquired developed technology intangible assets and other similar asset types.

Other Operating Expenses

•General and administrative - General and administrative includes compensation and related expenses for executive, finance and accounting, other information technology, human resources, legal, and other corporate functions. Also included are corporate facilities expenses, certain third-party professional service fees, and other corporate expenses.

•Sales and marketing - The Company’s sales and marketing expenses relate primarily to compensation, benefits, sales commissions, and related expenses for sales, marketing, and other related activities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The depreciation and amortization associated with tangible and intangible assets that are not considered to be directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue are recorded as other operating expenses. Such assets include corporate facilities and information technology assets, and acquired intangible assets other than those included in cost of services.

•Impairment charges - Represents non-cash goodwill impairment charges. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

The Company does not allocate foreign currency gains and losses, financing interest expense, net of financial instruments, change in fair value of contingent consideration, loss on debt extinguishments, other income, income taxes, and adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests to our operating segments as management believes these items are unpredictable and can obscure a segment’s operating trends and results. In addition, the Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

55

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2023, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2022

The following includes information that our management believes is material to an understanding of our results of operations. Any significant changes, unusual or infrequent events or significant economic changes that materially affect our results of operations are discussed below.

Column 1Column 2
Mobility

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Mobility:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except per transaction and per gallon data)20232022AmountPercent
Revenues(1),(2)
Payment processing revenue$695.0$720.2$(25.3)(4)%
Account servicing revenue168.6169.2(0.6)%
Finance fee revenue312.9359.7(46.7)(13)%
Other revenue206.2194.611.66%
Total revenues$1,382.7$1,443.7$(61.0)(4)%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$84,721.2$98,906.4$(14,185.2)(14)%
Payment processing transactions562.6560.22.4%
Payment processing $ of fuel$56,683.6$66,172.1$(9,488.5)(14)%
Average U.S. fuel price (US$ / gal)$3.82$4.46$(0.64)(14)%
Net payment processing rate(3)1.23%1.09%0.14%13%
Net late fee rate0.48%0.46%0.02%3%

(1)Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had an immaterial impact on Mobility revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the prior year.

(2)Unfavorable impact from lower domestic fuel prices resulted in a decrease of $108.4 million in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to 2022.

(3)Our net payment processing rate has benefited from lower average domestic fuel prices and the impact from interest rate escalator clauses contained in various merchant contracts.

Total Mobility revenue decreased $61.0 million for 2023, as compared to 2022. The decrease in total Mobility revenue was primarily driven by lower finance fee revenue and the impact of lower average fuel prices on stable levels of payment processing transactions year over year.

56

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Finance fee revenue is comprised of the following components:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20232022AmountPercent
Finance income$271.8$307.1$(35.3)(11)%
Factoring fee revenue41.152.5(11.4)(22)%
Finance fee revenue$312.9$359.7$(46.7)(13)%

Finance income primarily consists of late fees charged for receivables not paid within the terms of the customer agreement based upon the outstanding customer receivable balance, and to a lesser degree by finance charges earned on revolving portfolio balances. Late fee revenue is earned when a customer’s receivable balance becomes delinquent and is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. Changes in the absolute amount of such outstanding balances can be attributed to (i) changes in fuel prices; (ii) customer specific transaction volume; and (iii) customer specific delinquencies. Late fee revenue can also be impacted by (i) changes in late fee rates and (ii) increases or decreases in customer overdue balances. Late fee rates are determined and set based primarily on the risk associated with our customers, coupled with a strategic view of standard rates within our industry. We consider factors such as the Company’s overall financial model and strategic plan, the cost to our business from customers failing to pay timely and the impact such late payments have on our financial results. We typically conduct an assessment of our late fee rates at least annually but such assessment may occur more often depending on macro-economic factors. In addition, we periodically assess the market rates within our industry to determine appropriate late fee rates.

Finance income decreased $35.3 million in 2023 as compared to 2022, primarily due to the decline in average fuel prices driving down customer spend upon which late fees are earned, along with a decline in the number of late fee instances, reflective of tighter credit policies we have put in place. Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are generally limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions granted to customers experiencing financial difficulties during 2023 or 2022.

The primary source of factoring fee revenue is calculated as a negotiated percentage fee of the receivable balance that we purchase. Factoring fee revenue for 2023 decreased $11.4 million as compared to 2022. Decreased shipping demand in the over-the-road market led to a decline in size and volume of factored invoices during 2023 as compared to the elevated demands in the prior year.

57

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Mobility:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20232022AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$283.9$254.1$29.812%
Service fees$7.6$8.4$(0.8)(9)%
Provision for credit losses$87.1$172.7$(85.6)(50)%
Operating interest$69.5$13.9$55.6399%
Depreciation and amortization$40.8$46.1$(5.3)(12)%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$138.3$110.2$28.125%
Sales and marketing$212.4$203.3$9.14%
Depreciation and amortization$70.3$72.5$(2.3)(3)%
Impairment charges$$136.5$(136.5)NM
Operating income$472.8$426.0$46.811%
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$599.4$693.4$(94.0)(14)%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)43.3%48.0%(4.7)%(10)%

(1)Segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. The 2023 decrease in segment adjusted operating income margin primarily reflects the decline in average fuel prices and higher operating interest costs, offset by a significant decrease in provision for credit losses and impairment charges.

NM - Not meaningful

Cost of Services

Processing costs increased $29.8 million due in part to higher employee compensation and other business support costs incurred.

Provision for credit losses, which includes estimates for both credit and fraud losses, decreased $85.6 million for 2023, as compared to 2022. The higher credit and fraud loss rates experienced during 2022 improved during 2023 due in part to tighter credit policies put in place to reduce such losses. In addition, the elevated loss rates seen in the over-the-road trucking business in past quarters moderated as the trucking market stabilized. Lower fuel prices additionally led to a decline in overall accounts receivable balances, which contributed to the decrease in estimated provision. We generally measure our loss performance by calculating fuel-related losses as a percentage of total fuel expenditures on payment processing transactions. This metric for provision for credit losses was 15.4 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2023, as compared to 26.0 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2022.

Operating interest expense increased $55.6 million in 2023, as compared to 2022. The increase is primarily reflective of higher interest rates and increased operating debt balances in support of working capital needs.

Depreciation and amortization decreased $5.3 million during 2023 compared to the prior year due to certain assets becoming fully depreciated during 2022.

58

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Other operating expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $28.1 million in 2023 as compared to 2022 due in part to increased compensation and professional services expense in support of increasing operating efficiencies and business growth along with a third quarter 2023 write-off of certain costs associated with an abandoned IT development project.

Impairment charges during 2022 consisted of non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $136.5 million for two of our international Mobility reporting units. No impairment to any of our reporting units was identified during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

Column 1Column 2
Corporate Payments

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Corporate Payments:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except per transaction data)20232022AmountPercent
Revenues(1)
Payment processing revenue$428.0$353.7$74.221%
Account servicing revenue42.142.9(0.8)(2)%
Finance fee revenue1.00.60.353%
Other revenue25.85.120.8410%
Total revenues$496.9$402.3$94.624%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$128,167.8$101,616.0$26,551.826%
Purchase volume$92,196.9$66,671.5$25,525.438%
Net interchange rate(2)0.46%0.53%(0.07)%(13)%

(1)Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had a $3.3 million favorable impact on Corporate Payments revenues in 2023, compared to the prior year.

(2)Changes in customer and product mix, including the significant growth in travel-related purchase volumes, has reduced our net interchange rate from 2022 to 2023.

Corporate Payments total revenue increased $94.6 million for 2023, as compared to 2022. The increase was primarily driven by continued strength in global consumer travel demand. Additionally, other revenue increased significantly due to higher interest revenue earned on restricted cash balances, due to a rise in interest rates, and average balances coinciding with increased travel volumes.

Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are generally limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions to customers experiencing financial difficulties during either 2023 or 2022.

59

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Corporate Payments:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions, except with respect to margin)20232022AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$76.7$72.9$3.85%
Service fees$12.6$13.2$(0.6)(4)%
Provision for credit losses$(4.7)$6.5$(11.2)(173)%
Operating interest$9.4$5.8$3.662%
Depreciation and amortization$24.1$21.6$2.512%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$76.9$67.8$9.013%
Sales and marketing$56.6$56.3$0.31%
Depreciation and amortization$26.2$24.4$1.87%
Operating income$219.1$133.9$85.364%
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$277.2$192.7$84.544%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)55.8%47.9%7.9%16%

(1)Segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. See below for an explanation of changes to our year over year segment adjusted operating margin.

As a result of owning all of our technology and issuing capabilities, our Corporate Payments segment has a highly scalable and relatively fixed cost base resulting in largely comparable expenses year to year. As a result, the significant increase in 2023 revenues has also significantly increased operating income, segment adjusted operating income, and segment adjusted operating income margin in 2023. Instances in which our expenses in 2023 did not remain comparable to those of 2022 are described hereafter.

The decreased provision for credit losses for 2023, as compared to the prior year comparable period, reflects the impact of a reduction in forecasted losses internationally.

General and administrative expenses increased $9.0 million primarily due to increased professional services expense in support of increasing operating efficiencies and business growth.

60

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II
Column 1Column 2
Benefits

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Benefits:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20232022AmountPercent
Revenues
Payment processing revenue$90.7$81.9$8.811%
Account servicing revenue435.7357.378.522%
Finance fee revenue0.30.10.181%
Other revenue141.765.276.5117%
Total revenues$668.4$504.5$163.932%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$12,441.8$11,205.3$1,236.511%
Purchase volume$6,655.6$5,869.1$786.513%
Average number of SaaS accounts19.918.01.911%
Average HSA custodial cash assets$3,868.9$3,176.8$692.122%

Total Benefits revenue increased $163.9 million during 2023 as compared to the prior year. The increase was due primarily to an increase in program fees earned on custodial services, as reflected within account servicing revenue (such fees are variable and based in part on a benchmark reference rate), and a rise in average balances and interest rates earned on the investment of HSA deposit balances held by WEX Bank, as reflected within other revenue. To a lesser extent, increased spend volume driven by cardholder growth and increased SaaS participants also contributed to the increase in total revenue.

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Benefits:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20232022AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$261.0$231.9$29.113%
Service fees$53.0$43.6$9.422%
Provision for credit losses$7.4$0.8$6.7NM
Operating interest$5.3$0.9$4.4NM
Depreciation and amortization$39.5$38.2$1.33%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$55.7$41.2$14.635%
Sales and marketing$58.7$52.2$6.513%
Depreciation and amortization$72.8$59.1$13.723%
Operating income$114.8$36.7$78.1213%
Segment adjusted operating income(1)$241.8$133.7$108.181%
Segment adjusted operating income margin(2)36.2%26.5%9.7%37%

61

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

(1)Segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income before income taxes. See also Part II – Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

(2)Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. The revenues earned on HSA assets is highly accretive to earnings and as a result, segment adjusted operating income margin for 2023 increased significantly from 2022.

Cost of Services

Processing costs increased $29.1 million in 2023, as compared to 2022. The increase primarily resulted from an increase in employee compensation, including the impact from the Ascensus Acquisition.

Service fees increased $9.4 million in 2023, as compared to 2022. This increase was primarily driven by increased fees incurred on higher HSA deposits, as compared with the same period in the prior year.

Provision for credit losses increased $6.7 million primarily due to an expected loss associated with one customer’s outstanding receivable balance.

Other Operating Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $14.6 million for 2023 as compared with the same period in the prior year primarily due to increased professional services expense in support of increasing operating efficiencies and business growth.

Sales and marketing expenses increased $6.5 million in 2023, as compared to 2022, due primarily to the expansion of the sales and marketing team, including the impacts of the Ascensus Acquisition.

Depreciation and amortization increased $13.7 million for 2023, as compared to the prior year period, primarily due to higher relative amortization on HSA contractual rights.

Unallocated Corporate Expenses

Unallocated corporate expenses represent the portion of expenses relating to general corporate functions including acquisition and divestiture expenses, certain finance, legal, information technology, human resources, administrative and executive expenses and other expenses not directly attributable to a reportable segment.

The following table compares line items within operating income for unallocated corporate expenses:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(in millions)20232022AmountPercent
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$157.1$124.7$32.426%
Depreciation and amortization$2.6$2.0$0.629%

General and administrative expenses increased $32.4 million during 2023 as compared to the prior year, primarily due to increased headcount and related compensation expense, including stock compensation, coupled with an increase in costs incurred in connection with business acquisitions.

62

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Non-Operating Income and Expense

The following table reflects comparative results for certain amounts excluded from operating income:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Absolute Dollar ChangeEffect of Change on Net Income
(in millions)20232022
Financing interest expense, net of financial instruments$(204.6)$(47.5)$157.1Reduction
Change in fair value of contingent consideration$(8.5)$(139.1)$130.6Increase
Loss on extinguishment of Convertible Notes$(70.1)$$70.1Reduction
Net foreign currency gain (loss)$4.9$(22.7)$27.6Increase
Income tax provision$102.2$93.1$9.1Reduction
Net income from non-controlling interests$$0.3$0.3NM
Change in value of redeemable non-controlling interest$$34.2$34.2NM

NM - Not meaningful

Due primarily to substantial increases in the LIBOR forward yield curve during 2022, we recognized significant unrealized gains on our interest rate swap financial instruments during 2022, which reduced financing interest expense, net of financial instruments for that year. Higher net variable interest rates on our term loans during 2023 further increased 2023 financing interest expense, relative to 2022.

Due to the rising rate environment since we completed the acquisition of certain contractual rights from Bell Bank in April 2021, the Company’s contingent consideration derivative liability has been effectively reflected at the maximum contingent consideration payable under the purchase agreement since 2022. As a result, absent a significant decline in the Federal Funds futures curve, changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are expected to generally be limited to annual cash payments and present value adjustments due to the passage of time. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 18, Fair Value of our consolidated financial statements for further information on the valuation of this derivative liability.

During August 2023, we repurchased all of the outstanding aggregate principal amount of the Company’s Convertible Notes at a premium, resulting in a loss on extinguishment of $70.1 million. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt of our consolidated financial statements for further information on the repurchase of the Convertible Notes.

Our foreign currency exchange exposure is primarily related to the remeasurement of our cash, receivable and payable balances, including intercompany transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies. During 2023, net foreign currency gain was $4.9 million, as compared to a loss of $22.7 million in 2022. The gain in 2023 resulted from the strengthening of certain foreign currencies in which we transact, including the Euro and the British Pound sterling, relative to the U.S. dollar.

The increase in income tax provision for 2023 as compared to the prior year comparable period is due primarily to an increase in income before income taxes, offset in part due to the change in the Company’s effective tax rates. The Company’s effective tax rate for 2023 was 27.7 percent compared to 35.7 percent for 2022. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 14, Income Taxes of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the drivers behind our effective tax rates.

During March 2022, the Company purchased the remaining non-controlling interest in PO Holding from SBI, reducing the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest to zero. The transaction resulted in a $34.2 million gain, net of tax expense. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, to our consolidated financial statements for further information.

Year Ended December 31, 2022, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Discussion and analysis of the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2023 and is incorporated by reference herein.

63

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures

In addition to evaluating the Company’s performance on a GAAP basis, Company management uses particular non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude the impact of certain costs, expenses, gains and losses, to evaluate our overall operating performance, including comparison across periods and with competitors. Our management team believes these non-GAAP measures are integral to our reporting and planning processes and uses them to assess operating performance because they generally exclude financial results that are outside the normal course of our business operations or management’s control. These measures are also used to allocate resources among our operating segments and for internal budgeting and forecasting purposes for both short- and long-term operating plans.

Segment Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Net Income

Segment adjusted operating income excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation, other costs and certain non-recurring or non-cash operating charges that are not core to our operations, as applicable depending on the period presented.

Adjusted net income, which similarly excludes the impact of all items excluded in segment adjusted operating income except unallocated corporate expenses, further excludes unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, net foreign currency gains and losses, debt issuance cost amortization, tax related items, and certain other non-operating items, as applicable depending on the period presented.

For the periods presented herein, the following items have been excluded in determining one or more non-GAAP measures for the following reasons:

•Exclusion of the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments, including interest rate swap agreements and investment securities, helps management identify and assess trends in the Company’s underlying business that might otherwise be obscured due to quarterly non-cash earnings fluctuations associated with these financial instruments. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•Net foreign currency gains and losses primarily result from the remeasurement to functional currency of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, certain intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies and any gain or loss on foreign currency hedges relating to these items. The exclusion of these items helps management compare changes in operating results between periods that might otherwise be obscured due to currency fluctuations;

•The change in fair value of contingent consideration, which is related to the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to HSAs, is dependent upon changes in future interest rate assumptions and has no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the Company. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•The Company considers certain acquisition-related costs, including certain financing costs, investment banking fees, warranty and indemnity insurance, certain integration related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, as well as gains and losses from divestitures to be unpredictable, dependent on factors that may be outside of our control and unrelated to the continuing operations of the acquired or divested business or the Company. In addition, the size and complexity of an acquisition, which often drives the magnitude of acquisition-related costs, may not be indicative of such future costs. The Company believes that excluding acquisition-related costs and gains or losses on divestitures facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in our industry;

•Stock-based compensation is different from other forms of compensation, as it is a non-cash expense. For example, a cash salary generally has a fixed and unvarying cash cost. In contrast, the expense associated with an equity-based award is generally unrelated to the amount of cash ultimately received by the employee, and the cost to the Company is based on a stock-based compensation valuation methodology and underlying assumptions that may vary over time;

•Other costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. This also includes non-recurring professional service costs, costs related to certain identified initiatives, including restructuring and technology initiatives, to further streamline the business, improve the Company’s efficiency, create synergies and globalize the Company’s operations, all with an objective to improve scale and efficiency and increase profitability going forward. For the year ended December 31, 2021, other costs additionally include a penalty incurred on a vendor contract termination;

64

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

•Impairment charges represent non-cash asset write-offs, which do not reflect recurring costs that would be relevant to the Company’s continuing operations. The Company believes that excluding these nonrecurring expenses facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in its industry;

•Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization, which for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes the loss on extinguishment of Convertible Notes, are unrelated to the continuing operations of the Company. Debt restructuring costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. In addition, since debt issuance cost amortization is dependent upon the financing method, which can vary widely company to company, we believe that excluding these costs helps to facilitate comparison to historical results as well as to other companies within our industry;

•The adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests, including adjustments to the redemption value of a non-controlling interest, have no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the business;

•The tax related items are the difference between the Company’s GAAP tax provision and a pro forma tax provision based upon the Company’s adjusted net income before taxes as well as the impact from certain discrete tax items. The methodology utilized for calculating the Company’s adjusted net income tax provision is the same methodology utilized in calculating the Company’s GAAP tax provision; and

•The Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

Segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income may be useful to investors as a means of evaluating our performance. However, because segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income are non-GAAP measures, they should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, operating income or net income as determined in accordance with GAAP. Segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

The following table reconciles net income attributable to shareholders to adjusted net income attributable to shareholders and related per share data:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202320222021
Net income attributable to shareholders$266.6$6.16$201.4$4.50$0.1$
Unrealized loss (gain) on financial instruments30.40.70(83.2)(1.86)(39.2)(0.86)
Net foreign currency (gain) loss(4.9)(0.11)22.70.5112.30.27
Change in fair value of contingent consideration8.50.20139.13.1140.10.88
Acquisition-related intangible amortization184.04.25170.53.81181.74.01
Other acquisition and divestiture related items6.60.1517.90.4036.90.81
Stock-based compensation131.63.04100.72.2576.61.70
Other costs45.61.0538.40.8623.20.52
Impairment charges136.53.05
Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization89.42.0617.30.3921.80.48
ANI adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests(34.6)(0.77)132.02.91
Tax related items(112.1)(2.59)(115.8)(2.59)(71.5)(1.58)
Dilutive impact of convertible debt(1)(0.10)(0.13)
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders$645.8$14.81$611.0$13.53$414.1$9.14

(1)The dilutive impact of the Convertible Notes has been calculated under the ‘if-converted’ method for the periods through which they were outstanding. Under the ‘if-converted’ method, $9.5 million and $15.1 million of interest expense, net of tax, associated with the Convertible Notes was added back to adjusted net income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Approximately 0.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock associated with the assumed conversion of the Convertible Notes (prior to repurchase and cancellation) was included in the calculation of adjusted net income per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2023, as the effect of including such adjustments was dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately 1.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock associated with the assumed conversion of the Convertible Notes as of the beginning of the period was included in the calculation of adjusted net income per diluted share, as the effect of including such adjustments was dilutive.

65

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

GAAP operating income was $647.1 million, $469.8 million and $342.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For a reconciliation of GAAP operating income to total segment adjusted operating income, please see the following table:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202320222021
Segment adjusted operating income
Mobility$599.4$693.4$557.1
Corporate Payments277.2192.786.9
Benefits241.8133.7104.4
Total segment adjusted operating income$1,118.4$1,019.8$748.4
Reconciliation:
Total segment adjusted operating income$1,118.4$1,019.8$748.4
Less:
Unallocated corporate expenses103.084.578.2
Acquisition-related intangible amortization184.0170.5181.7
Other acquisition and divestiture related items6.617.940.5
Impairment charges136.5
Debt restructuring costs6.2
Stock-based compensation131.6100.776.6
Other costs46.139.923.2
Operating income$647.1$469.8$342.0

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

Adjusted free cash flow is calculated as cash flows from operating activities, adjusted for net purchases of current investment securities, capital expenditures, the change in net deposits, changes in borrowings under the BTFP and borrowed federal funds and certain other adjustments which, for the year ended December 31, 2023, reflects an adjustment for contingent consideration paid to sellers in excess of acquisition-date fair value, an adjustment for proceeds received of $76.0 million from the return of a collateral deposit, and an adjustment for proceeds received of $50.0 million on the termination of our interest rate swap agreements. Although non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, WEX believes that adjusted free cash flow is a useful measure for investors to further evaluate our results of operations because (i) adjusted free cash flow indicates the level of cash generated by the operations of the business, which excludes certain non-recurring transactions, after appropriate reinvestment for recurring investments in property, equipment and capitalized software that are required to operate the business; (ii) changes in net deposits occur on a daily basis as a regular part of operations; (iii) borrowings under the BTFP and borrowed federal funds are primarily used as a replacement for brokered deposits as part of our accounts receivable funding strategy; and (iv) purchases of current investment securities are made as a result of deposits gathered operationally. However, because adjusted free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure, it should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, operating cash flow as determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, adjusted free cash flow as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

66

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

The following table reconciles GAAP operating cash flow to adjusted free cash flow for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202320222021
Operating cash flow, as reported$907.9$679.4$(42.6)
Adjustments to cash flows from operating activities:
Other(124.5)
Adjusted for certain investing and financing activities:
Increases in net deposits593.1801.61,620.3
Increases in borrowings under the BTFP775.0
Increases in borrowed federal funds70.0
Less: Purchases of current investment securities, net of sales and maturities(1,561.0)(585.8)(956.2)
Less: Capital expenditures(143.6)(112.9)(86.0)
Adjusted free cash flow$516.9$782.4$535.4

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments about certain items and future events that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Part II – Item 8 – Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The accounting policies that we believe are most dependent on the application of critical accounting estimates and assumptions, or those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and operating results and require management’s most subjective judgments, are related to the determination of:

•Credit loss reserves;

•The valuation of the Company’s contingent consideration derivative liability;

•The valuation of the Company’s business combinations and asset acquisitions;

•Goodwill impairment; and

•Income taxes, in particular the recoverability of our deferred tax assets.

These accounting policies require the use of assumptions about matters, some of which are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially affected.

Credit Loss Reserves

The allowance for expected credit losses is primarily calculated by analytical models using actual loss-rate experience and management discretion. Receivables exhibiting elevated credit risk characteristics from homogenous pools are assessed and reserved on an individual basis for expected credit losses. We assess these receivables for individual expected credit loss estimates utilizing credit scoring and other information including the occurrence of disputes, conversations with customers, or other significant credit loss events. Management monitors the credit quality of accounts receivable in making judgments necessary to estimate expected credit losses by analyzing delinquency reports, loss-rate trends, changes in customer payment patterns, economic indicators and recent trends in competitive, legal, and regulatory environments. When such indicators are forecasted to deviate from historical actual results, the Company qualitatively assesses what impact, if any, the trends are expected to have on the reserve for credit losses. Assumptions regarding expected credit losses are reviewed each reporting period and may be impacted by actual performance of accounts receivable and changes in any of the factors discussed above.

To the extent calculated expected credit losses are not indicative of future performance, actual loss experience and our results of operations could differ significantly from management’s judgments and expectations, resulting in either higher or lower future provisions for credit losses, as applicable. As of December 31, 2023, we have an estimated reserve for credit losses that is 2.6 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance as compared to December 31, 2022, when our

67

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

estimated reserve for credit losses was 3.2 percent of gross accounts receivable. An increase or decrease to the 2023 reserve by 0.5 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance would increase or decrease the provision for credit losses by $17.6 million.

For additional information on credit losses, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Contingent Consideration Derivative Liability

In April 2021, we completed the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to certain HSA assets. In addition to cash consideration paid by WEX upon closing, the purchase agreement also included additional consideration that is contingent upon any future increases in the Federal Funds rate post closing. The contingent payment period began on July 1, 2021 and extends until the earlier of (i) the year ending December 31, 2030, or (ii) the date when the cumulative amount paid as contingent consideration equals $225.0 million. Contingent payments are calculated quarterly and are paid and settled annually.

Given the agreement’s term extends through the end of 2030, there is not sufficient, observable market data in Federal Funds futures contracts to use Level 1 or Level 2 input-based methodologies for determining the fair value. Accordingly, we have determined the fair value of our contingent consideration liability using a mathematical method of modeling the movement of interest rates, which is considered a Level 3 (unobservable) input-based methodology, to estimate a future Federal Funds rate curve, which is used in a discounted cash flow model to determine the present value of our expected payment obligations.

The fair value of our contingent consideration liability is highly sensitive to current and future changes in the Federal Funds rate and increases or decreases in such rate could have a significant effect on our results of operations. However, any changes in the Federal Funds rate will only affect future calculable payments. While the final amount to be paid by WEX through 2030 could change significantly from our estimations, given the $225.0 million payment ceiling, the actual liability cannot exceed our current estimate as of December 31, 2023 by more than $10.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of our contingent liability includes $64.5 million of liability related to calendar 2023, no longer subject to estimation and payable during January 2024.

For additional information on the contingent consideration derivative liability, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 18, Fair Value.

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions

The accounting for business combinations and asset acquisitions requires estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business or assets, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable assets, including intangible assets and goodwill. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including projected financial information, effective income tax rates, present value discount factors and long-term growth expectations. The determined fair value of intangible assets and the respective useful lives assigned thereto impacts the amount and timing of future amortization expense. Further, a significant difference in the estimated useful life, which is based on the term over which we expect to benefit from the underlying assets, versus the actual period over which we benefit from the assets, could lead to future impairments.

The significance of management’s estimates and assumptions are relative to the size of each individual acquisition. Our estimates are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. For additional information regarding the accounting for our acquisitions, see Note 4, Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Goodwill Impairment

Our quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed at least annually as of October 1, or more frequently, if events or conditions indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. The test consists of a comparison of the carrying value of each reporting unit with assigned goodwill to its estimated fair value. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using a combination of an income-based DCFM valuation model and a market-based GPCM valuation model.

The key assumptions that drive fair value of our reporting units are the WACC and projected financial information (i.e. growth rates and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows) within the DCFM and relevant comparable company earnings multiples within the GPCM, all of which require significant management judgment. In the DCFM, as the

68

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

WACC increases, fair value decreases because market participants would require a higher rate of return. Therefore, for example, if the current economic environment were to deteriorate, and as a result the WACC were to increase, the fair value of our reporting units would decrease. Additionally, the profitability of individual reporting units may suffer periodically from downturns in customer demand or other economic factors. Individual reporting units may be more greatly impacted than the Company as a whole, given the different market sectors and geographies in which we operate. As a result, demand for the services of one or more of the reporting units could decline, which could adversely affect the key inputs to our estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units. If actual reporting unit growth rates were to fall short of previous estimates or delays in the timing of future cash flows were to occur, the fair value of a reporting unit could be negatively impacted. The GPCM requires us to identify a population of publicly traded companies with similar operations and key attributes to those of our reporting units (“GPCs”), which involves a certain degree of judgment as no two companies are entirely alike. Various revenue and earnings based multiples from these GPCs are then used in our fair value calculation. In selecting appropriate multiples to apply to each reporting unit, we perform a comparative analysis between the reporting units and GPCs, considering revenue growth, profitability and the size of the reporting unit compared to the GPCs. Significant increases or decreases in these multiples would result in an increase or decrease, respectively, in the fair value of the reporting unit.

Our annual goodwill impairment test performed as of October 1, 2023 identified no impairments. One of our reporting units, for which we took an impairment during 2022, had $95.3 million of goodwill as of December 31, 2023. Future impairment of this reporting unit may occur if financial results or macroeconomic conditions deteriorate versus our current expectations. Our annual goodwill impairment test indicated excesses of estimated fair value over the respective carrying values of our other reporting units ranging from approximately 130 percent to greater than 200 percent. We have performed sensitivity analyses on the key inputs into the fair value calculations and we validate the results of our impairment test through a reconciliation of the fair value of all our reporting units to our overall market capitalization. Unforeseen events, changes in circumstances and market conditions and differences in estimates of future cash flows could adversely affect the fair value of our assets and could result in future impairment charges.

For additional information on the accounting for goodwill and goodwill impairments recorded, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Income Taxes

Valuation allowance

We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized, the determination of which requires significant judgment. In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Our valuation allowance at December 31, 2023 decreased to $100.7 million from $131.4 million at December 31, 2022, resulting in deferred tax liabilities, net, of $115.8 million as of December 31, 2023. Changes in the expectations regarding the realization of deferred tax assets and liabilities could materially impact income tax expense in future periods.

For additional information on income taxes, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 14, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards

See Part II – Item 8 – Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for a complete discussion of recently issued accounting standards adopted and not yet adopted.

69

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We fund our business operations primarily via cash on hand, cash generated from operations, the issuance of deposits, and borrowings under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $975.8 million, including Corporate Cash of $171.9 million, and remaining borrowing availability of $731.2 million under the Revolving Credit Facility along with access to various sources of funds, including uncommitted federal funds lines of credit from other banks.

Our short-term cash requirements consist primarily of funding the working capital needs of our business, payments on maturities of deposits, current principal and interest payments on the credit facilities under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and payments on other short-term debt. Our long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and various facilities lease agreements. For more information on our debt and deposit commitments refer to Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt and Note 11, Deposits, respectively, in this report. For more information on our future lease payments, including our minimum lease payment schedule as of December 31, 2023, refer to Part II – Item 8 – Note 15, Leases.

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash generating capabilities, financial condition and operations, and access to available funding sources will be adequate to fund our cash needs for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future. The table below includes a more comprehensive list of frequent sources and uses of cash:

Sources of cashUses of cash
•Cash generated from operations•Borrowings and availability on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement1•Deposits2•Participation debt and borrowed federal funds3•Accounts receivable factoring and securitization arrangements4•Payments on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement•Payments on maturities of deposits•Payments on borrowed federal funds and other short-term borrowings•Working capital needs of the business•Capital expenditures•Purchases of shares of treasury stock•Merger and acquisition activity

(1)Under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding term loan principal borrowings of $2,246.2 million, borrowings of $662.0 million on the Revolving Credit Facility and letters of credit of $36.8 million drawn against the Revolving Credit Facility. The letters of credit are issued on our behalf in favor of third-party beneficiaries and primarily collateralize Corporate Payments processing activity. Subject to the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, these irrevocable letters of credit are secured and are renewed on an annual basis unless the Company chooses not to renew them. The Tranche A Term Loans and Tranche B Term Loans require scheduled quarterly payments through the April 1, 2026 and April 1, 2028 respective maturity dates. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding our applicable interest rates on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

(2)WEX Bank’s regulatory status enables it to raise capital to fund the Company’s working capital requirements by issuing deposits, subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the UDFI. WEX Bank accepts its deposits through certain customers as required collateral for credit that has been extended (“customer deposits”) and contractual arrangements for brokered and non-brokered certificate of deposit and money market deposit products. Additionally, WEX Bank holds deposits for the benefit of WEX Inc.’s HSA customers subject to the terms of a deposit agreement. Customer deposits are generally non-interest bearing, certificates of deposit are issued at fixed rates, money market deposits are issued at both fixed and variable rates based on the Federal Funds rate and HSA deposits are issued at rates as defined within the consumer account agreements. Certificates of deposit and certain fixed term money market deposit products have fixed contractual maturities. Money market deposits without fixed terms may be withdrawn by the holder at any time, although the allowed number of transactions may be limited and notification may be required. Customer deposits are released at the termination of the relationship, net of any customer receivable, or upon reevaluation of the customer’s credit in limited instances. HSA funds can be withdrawn by the account holders at any time. We believe that our deposits are paying competitive yields and that the brokered deposit market remains liquid. As of December 31, 2023, we had $4.1 billion in deposits. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 11, Deposits, in this report for more information regarding our deposits.

(3)From time to time, WEX Bank enters into participation agreements with third-party banks to fund customers’ balances that exceed WEX Bank’s lending limit to individual customers. There was $39.1 million borrowed against these participation agreements as of December 31, 2023. WEX Bank also borrows from uncommitted federal funds lines from time to time to supplement the financing of the Company’s accounts receivable. There were $70.0 million in outstanding borrowings under these lines of credit as of December 31, 2023. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding these facilities.

(4)The Company utilizes securitized debt agreements to finance a portion of our receivables, lower our cost of borrowing and more efficiently utilize capital. The Company had $101.9 million of securitized debt under these facilities as of December 31, 2023. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding these facilities. We also utilize off-balance sheet factoring and receivable securitization facilities to sell certain of our accounts receivable to unrelated third-party financial institutions in order to accelerate

70

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

the collection of the Company’s cash and reduce internal costs. Available capacity is generally dependent on the level of our trade accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institution’s willingness to purchase such receivables. However, the Company is not dependent on them to maintain its liquidity and capital resources. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt and Note 13, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, in this report for further information about the Company’s securitized debt and off-balance sheet arrangements.

Additional Sources of Cash Available

On March 12, 2023, the Federal Reserve Board announced the BTFP, which provides liquidity to U.S. depository institutions. This program allows bank loans for up to one year in length, collateralized by the par value of qualifying assets, including U.S. treasuries and mortgage-backed securities. Advances will be available until March 11, 2024, or longer if the program is extended. At any time under the BTFP, WEX Bank is able to refinance without penalty in order to obtain the most advantageous rate. WEX Bank has accessed $775.0 million of temporary, low-cost capital under the BTFP as of December 31, 2023, pledging securities with a par value of $775.7 million and market value of $704.1 million as collateral.

On August 11, 2023, the Company repurchased all of its outstanding Convertible Notes for a total purchase price of $370.4 million, inclusive of accrued and unpaid interest from and including July 15, 2023, to, but excluding August 11, 2023. Subsequently, on September 26, 2023, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”), which increased the revolving credit commitments under the Company’s Revolving Credit Facility by $500.0 million. Pursuant to the terms of the Third Amendment, the revolving commitments under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement were increased, which created capacity sufficient to restore amounts borrowed to repurchase the Convertible Notes and to consummate the Ascensus Acquisition. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt and Note 4, Acquisitions, in this report for more information regarding the Convertible Notes repurchase, the Third Amendment and the Ascensus Acquisition.

WEX Bank has the ability to borrow funds from the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window. Borrowing limits fluctuate based on pledged assets, and as of December 31, 2023, the Company could borrow up to a maximum amount of $151.8 million. WEX Bank had no borrowings outstanding on this line of credit as of December 31, 2023. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding this borrowing arrangement.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash activities and adjusted free cash flow:

Year ended December 31,
(in millions)202320222021
Net cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities$907.9$679.4$(42.6)
Investing activities$(2,138.3)$(716.7)$(1,601.1)
Financing activities$1,573.3$681.3$1,596.2
Non-GAAP financial measure:
Adjusted free cash flow(1)$516.9$782.4$535.4

(1)The Company’s non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is calculated as cash generated from operations, less net purchases of current investment securities, capital expenditures, the change in net deposits, changes in borrowings under the BTFP and borrowed federal funds and certain other adjustments. For a reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities, the most closely comparable GAAP measure, and the reasons why we believe this is an important financial measure, please refer to the section titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures.

Operating Activities

We fund a customer’s entire receivable in the majority of our Mobility and Corporate Payments processing transactions, while the revenue generated by these transactions is only a small percentage of that amount. Consequently, cash flows from operations are impacted significantly by increases or decreases in fuel prices and purchase volumes, driving changes in accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, which directly impact our capital resource requirements.

The majority of the Company’s trade receivables provide for payment terms of 30 days or less and receivables not paid within the terms of the agreement are generally subject to late fees based upon the outstanding receivable balance. The Company also extends revolving credit to certain small fleets. Such accounts are also subject to late fees and interest

71

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

charges based on a revolving balance. The Company had approximately $133.3 million and $157.8 million of receivables with revolving credit balances as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The receivables portfolio consists of a large group of homogeneous smaller balances across a wide range of industries. No one customer receivable balance represented 10 percent or more of the outstanding receivables balance at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, approximately 98 percent and 99 percent of the outstanding balance of total trade accounts receivable was less than 30 days and 60 days past due, respectively.

•Net cash provided by operating activities for 2023 increased $228.5 million as compared to the prior year, primarily attributable to the favorable impact on working capital resulting from a decrease in fuel prices during 2023 relative to the prior year.

•Net cash provided by operating activities for 2022 increased $722.0 million as compared to the prior year, primarily attributable to a decreased change in accounts receivable, net of a corresponding increased change in accounts payable, as well as higher net income adjusted for non-cash items.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities includes a $76.0 million receipt from the return of a collateral deposit as well as the $50.0 million receipt of proceeds upon the termination of all of the Company’s outstanding swaps with a collective notional amount of $1.1 billion, which the Company had used to manage the interest rate risk associated with its outstanding variable-interest rate borrowings.

Investing Activities

Investing cash flows generally consist of capital expenditures, cash used for acquisitions and investment of eligible custodial cash assets.

•Net cash used for investing activities for 2023 increased $1,421.6 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from an increase in net purchases of available-for-sale debt securities and cash paid for acquisitions. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, in this report for more information regarding the Ascensus and Payzer acquisitions.

•Net cash used for investing activities for 2022 decreased $884.5 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from a reduction in payments made for acquisitions as well as a reduction in net purchases of available-for-sale debt securities.

Financing Activities

Financing cash flows generally consist of the issuance and repayment of debt, deposits and proceeds from employee exercises of stock options, changes in restricted cash payable and purchases of our common stock. Repurchases of our common stock may vary based on management’s evaluation of market and economic conditions and other factors.

•Net cash provided by financing activities during 2023 increased $892.0 million as compared to the prior year, due primarily to net borrowings under the newly available BTFP and under our Revolving Credit Facility, offset in part by the repurchase of our Convertible Notes.

•Net cash provided by financing activities during 2022 decreased $915.0 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from lower relative deposit issuances and purchases of our common stock.

During 2023 the Company repurchased approximately 1.7 million shares of our common stock subject to an authorized and outstanding share repurchase plan. Cash payments for share repurchases totaled $303.4 million. As of December 31, 2023, there was $213.4 million worth of common stock shares available to be purchased pursuant to the repurchase plan authorization. For information regarding an increase to such share repurchase plan authorization made during 2024, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 28, Subsequent Events.

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

The definition of adjusted free cash flow, and the reasons why we believe it to be an important financial measure, can be found in the section titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures.

•Adjusted free cash flow decreased $265.5 million during 2023 from 2022 reflecting an increase in net purchases of available-for-sale debt securities, partially offset by borrowings under the BTFP and increasing cash inflows from operating activities.

•Adjusted free cash flow increased $246.9 million during 2022 from 2021 reflecting a significant increase in operating cash flows and decrease in purchases of current investment securities, offset in part by the reduction in cash provided by net deposits as compared to the prior year.

72

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

Undistributed Earnings

Undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company amounted to $231.6 million at December 31, 2023. The Company continues to maintain its indefinite reinvestment assertion for its investments in foreign subsidiaries except for any historical undistributed earnings and future earnings for WEX Australia. Upon distribution of the foreign subsidiaries’ earnings in which the Company continues to assert indefinite reinvestment, which approximates $203.5 million at December 31, 2023, the Company would be subject to withholding taxes payable to foreign countries, where applicable, but would generally have no further federal income tax liability.

Earnings outside of the United States are accompanied by certain financial risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may reduce the reported value of our foreign currency revenues, net of expenses and cash flows. We cannot predict changes in currency exchange rates, the impact of currency exchange rate changes nor the degree to which we will be able to manage the impact of currency exchange rate changes.

Financial Covenants

The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants that, subject to certain customary exceptions, limit the Company and its subsidiaries’ (including, in certain limited circumstances, WEX Bank and the Company’s other regulated subsidiaries) ability to, among other things (i) incur additional debt, (ii) pay dividends or make other distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock, or make investments or other restricted payments, (iii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (iv) dispose of assets or issue stock of restricted subsidiaries or regulated subsidiaries, (v) create liens on assets, or (vi) effect a consolidation or merger or sell all, or substantially all, of the Company’s assets.

The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also requires, solely for the benefit of the lenders of the Tranche A Term Loan and lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility, that the Company maintain at the end of each fiscal quarter the following financial ratios:

•a consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) of no less than 3.00 to 1.00; and

•a consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) of no more than 4.75 to 1.00 as of December 31, 2023 and thereafter.

We were in compliance with these covenants and restrictions at December 31, 2023.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments to Extend Credit

We have entered into commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business. We had approximately $9.4 billion of unused commitments to extend credit at December 31, 2023, as part of established customer agreements, which are off-balance sheet arrangements. These amounts may increase or decrease during 2024 as we increase or decrease credit to customers, subject to appropriate credit reviews, as part of our lending product agreements. Many of these commitments are not expected to be utilized. We can adjust most of our customers’ credit lines at our discretion at any time. Therefore, we do not believe total unused credit available to customers and customers of strategic relationships represents future cash requirements. We believe that we can adequately fund actual cash requirements related to these credit commitments through the sources of cash described above.

Deferred Payments on Acquisition

We have deferred cash payments and additional consideration owed pursuant to previously completed acquisitions. In association with the March 2022 acquisition of SBI’s remaining interest in PO Holding, the Company owes SBI a purchase price of $234.0 million, payable in the amount of $76.7 million in each of March 2024 and 2025 and $80.6 million in March 2026, along with interest payable in accordance with the terms of the purchase agreement. For additional information with respect to interest owed on these deferred payments, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions. In addition, the Company is required to make a cash payment to Bell Bank of $12.5 million in January 2024 in association with the April 2021 acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to over $3 billion of HSAs. The asset purchase agreement with Bell Bank also includes the potential for additional consideration payable annually by WEX that is calculated on a quarterly basis and is contingent, and based, upon any future changes in the Federal Funds rate. The

73

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

contingent payment period extends through the earlier of December 31, 2030, or the date when the cumulative amount paid as contingent consideration equals $225.0 million. Through December 31, 2023, $93.2 million of consideration has been incurred, $64.5 million of which is unpaid as of December 31, 2023 and is payable during the first quarter of 2024. Assuming no further changes to the Federal Funds rate as of December 31, 2023, however, the Company expects that it will incur the full $225.0 million in contingent consideration, the remainder of which is payable over the next two years in average annual increments of approximately $66 million based on the Federal Funds rate in effect as of December 31, 2023.

Other Contractual Commitments

We have purchase obligations that include agreements and purchase orders to acquire goods or services that are contractually enforceable and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities, pricing, and approximate timing of purchases. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $27.4 million in material cash requirements under purchase obligations due in 2024. Our material cash requirements under purchase obligations due beyond 2024 are approximately $26.7 million. These purchase obligations do not include amounts recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023. The expected timing of payments of our purchase obligations is estimated based on current information. Timing of payments and actual amounts paid may be different, depending on the time of receipt of goods or services, or changes to agreed-upon amounts for some obligations.

Under existing contractual arrangements, the Company is required to purchase a minimum amount of fuel from certain fuel suppliers on an annual basis. Upon failing to meet these minimum commitments, a penalty is assessed as defined under the contracts. If the Company were not to purchase any fuel under these commitments after December 31, 2023, it would pay penalties of approximately $4.3 million during 2024 and approximately $14.5 million after 2024. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies, for more information.

In addition to these contractual commitments, the Company has unfunded commitments to provide loans of up to $11.3 million under a nonprofit community development program and to invest up to $10.0 million in certain limited partnership funds under subscription and limited partnership agreements. For more information on these unfunded commitments as of December 31, 2023 and the term over which funding can be expected, see Part II – Item 8 – Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies.

Regulatory Matters

A consent order issued by the FDIC and the UDFI on May 6, 2022 (the “2022 Order”), which required WEX Bank to strengthen its Bank Secrecy Act/anti-money laundering compliance program and to address related matters, including with respect to controls was terminated by the UDFI and the FDIC on November 8, 2023 and November 21, 2023, respectively, after we adequately satisfied the requirements of the 2022 Order.

WEX Bank is also subject to a consent order issued by the FDIC on September 20, 2023 (the “2023 Order”), which requires WEX Bank to make certain improvements, which include corrections of certain issues identified in the 2023 Order and general enhancements to WEX Bank’s compliance management program. Customer impact and any resulting harm from the violations detailed in the 2023 Order have been identified and steps have been taken to remediate any such impact and harm. The terms of the 2023 Order will remain in effect and be enforceable until they are modified, terminated, suspended or set aside by the FDIC. Neither the matters identified in the 2022 Order nor the 2023 Order have had nor are expected to have a material effect on WEX Bank’s operations or the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

74

Column 1Column 2
Table of ContentsPART II

FY 2022 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001309108-23-000022.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2023-02-28. Report date: 2022-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, financial condition at December 31, 2022 and 2021 and, where appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements within Part II - Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is presented in the following sections:

•2022 Highlights and Year in Review

•Our Segments

•Results of Operations

•Application of Critical Accounting Estimates

•Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

2022 Highlights and Year in Review

Company Highlights

The following table presents a comparative, summarized view of our financial results for 2022. The other key metric included below is considered by Management to be of particular importance to our overall performance in 2022 as it provides enhanced information and data underlying our financial results. A recurring, more extensive list of key performance indicators is included by segment within the Results of Operations section later in this MD&A.

(in thousands, except per share data)Year ended December 31,
202220212020
GAAP Measures:
Total revenues$2,350,511$1,850,542$1,559,869
Net income attributable to shareholders$201,438$137$(243,638)
Net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share$4.50$$(5.56)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities3$679,425$(42,579)$736,804
Non-GAAP Measures:1
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders$610,997$414,057$268,324
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share$13.53$9.14$6.06
Adjusted free cash flow$782,388$535,443$260,268
Other Key Metric:
Total volume across the Company (in millions)2$211,727$146,170$55,607

1 Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders, adjusted net income attributable to shareholders per diluted share, and adjusted free cash flow are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures of operating performance. Refer to the sections titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures and Liquidity and Capital Resources later in this MD&A for more information and a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

2 Total volume processed across the Company, which includes purchases on WEX-issued accounts as well as purchases issued by others using a WEX platform.

3 Restricted cash payable inflows of $193.0 million and $120.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, have been reclassified from operating activities to financing activities to conform to the current period presentation. Refer to Item 8 – Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information.

47

Table of Contents

Recent Events

During March 2022, WEX Inc. and SBI entered into the Share Purchase Agreement whereby WEX Inc. purchased SBI’s remaining 4.53 percent interest in PO Holding for a purchase price of $234.0 million plus any interest accruing pursuant to the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement. This transaction made PO Holding, the direct parent of WEX Health, a wholly owned subsidiary of WEX Inc., to which the Company is solely entitled to the economic benefits. For further information regarding this transaction refer to Part II - Item 8 - Note 4, Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements.

During June 2022, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to purchase a portfolio of certain assets from a third-party, consisting primarily of branded commercial fleet card customer accounts with respect to participating Exxon and Mobil locations within the U.S. and Canada. During September 2022, the Company closed on the purchase of these receivable accounts for total net consideration of approximately $41.6 million. This portfolio purchase further expands our private label revolving credit card offering. For further information regarding this transaction refer to Part II - Item 8 - Note 4, Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements.

During 2022, the Company repurchased approximately 1.9 million shares of our common stock subject to authorized share buyback plans for a total cost of $290.8 million. During 2023, through the close of trading on the latest practicable date, which the Company has determined to be February 10, 2023 for the purpose of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company repurchased an additional $17.1 million shares of our common stock, leaving $491.6 million in shares of common stock that remain available to be purchased pursuant to the existing repurchase authorization. For further information regarding our share buyback plans refer to Part II - Item 5, Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our Segments

WEX has three reportable segments: Fleet Solutions, Travel and Corporate Solutions, and Health and Employee Benefit Solutions. Our Fleet Solutions segment is a leader in fleet vehicle payment solutions, transaction processing and information management services specifically designed for the needs of fleets of all sizes from small businesses to federal and state government fleets and over-the-road carriers. Our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment focuses on the complex payment environment of global B2B payments, enabling customers to utilize our payments solutions to integrate into their own workflows and manage their accounts payable automation and spend management functions. Our Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment provides SaaS software with embedded payment solutions and plan administration services for consumer directed health benefits, COBRA accounts, and benefit enrollment and administration. Additionally, the Company provides custodial and depository services for HSAs. Our Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment provided payroll related benefits to customers in Brazil until September 30, 2020, the date of sale of our former subsidiary UNIK S.A.

The Company’s segment-allocated operating expenses consist of the following:

Cost of Services

•Processing costs - The Company’s processing costs consist of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing customers and merchants and cost of goods sold related to hardware and other product sales.

•Service fees - The Company incurs costs from third-party networks utilized to deliver payment solutions. Additionally, other third-parties are utilized in performing services directly related to generating revenue.

•Provision for credit losses - Changes in the reserve for credit loss are the result of changes in management’s estimate of the losses in the Company’s outstanding portfolio of receivables, including losses from fraud.

•Operating interest - The Company incurs interest expense on operating debt and deposits, which provide liquidity to fund short-term receivables or is used to purchase fixed income securities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The Company has identified those tangible and intangible assets directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue and records the depreciation and amortization associated with those assets under this category. Such assets include processing platforms and related infrastructure, acquired developed technology intangible assets and other similar asset types.

Other Operating Expenses

•General and administrative - General and administrative includes compensation and related expenses for executive, finance and accounting, other information technology, human resources, legal, and other corporate functions. Also included are corporate facilities expenses, certain third-party professional service fees, and other corporate expenses.

•Sales and marketing - The Company’s sales and marketing expenses relate primarily to compensation, benefits, sales commissions, and related expenses for sales, marketing, and other related activities.

48

Table of Contents

•Depreciation and amortization - The depreciation and amortization associated with tangible and intangible assets that are not considered to be directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue are recorded as other operating expenses. Such assets include corporate facilities and information technology assets, and acquired intangible assets other than those included in cost of services.

•Legal settlement - Represents the consideration paid to the sellers of eNett and Optal in excess of the businesses’ fair values. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

•Impairment charges - Represents non-cash goodwill impairment charges. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

•Loss on sale of subsidiary - The loss on sale of subsidiary relates to the divestiture of the Company’s former Brazilian subsidiary as of the date of sale, September 30, 2020, and the associated write-off of its assets and liabilities.

The Company does not allocate foreign currency gains and losses, financing interest expense, unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, change in fair value of contingent consideration, other income, income taxes, and adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests to our operating segments as management believes these items are unpredictable and can obscure a segment’s operating trends and results. In addition, the Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2022, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

The following includes information that our management believes is material to an understanding of our results of operations. Any significant changes, unusual or infrequent events or significant economic changes that materially affect our reported income from continuing operations are discussed below.

Fleet Solutions

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Fleet Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands, except per transaction and per gallon data)20222021AmountPercent
Revenues1, 2
Payment processing revenue$720,242$513,365$206,87740%
Account servicing revenue169,159168,350809%
Finance fee revenue359,672254,306105,36641%
Other revenue194,591175,39419,19711%
Total revenues$1,443,664$1,111,415$332,24930%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$98,906,37064,891,95734,014,41352%
Payment processing transactions560,238515,41644,8229%
Payment processing $ of fuel$66,172,056$44,680,341$21,491,71548%
Average U.S. fuel price (US$ / gal)$4.46$3.11$1.3543%
Net payment processing rate31.09%1.15%(0.06)%(5)%
Net late fee rate0.46%0.45%0.02%4%

1 Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had a $16.8 million unfavorable impact on Fleet Solutions’ revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, as compared to the prior year.

2 Favorable impact from domestic fuel prices and European fuel price spreads resulted in an increase of $195.2 million in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to 2021.

3 Given a portion of payment processing revenue earned is a fixed amount per transaction, our net payment processing rate decreased from 2021 to 2022 primarily due to the impact of higher domestic fuel prices.

49

Table of Contents

Fleet Solutions payment processing revenue increased $206.9 million for 2022, as compared to 2021. Revenues were favorably impacted by higher domestic fuel prices and volume growth in our North American fleet and over-the-road businesses.

Finance fee revenue is comprised of the following components:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20222021AmountPercent
Finance income$307,124$199,590$107,53454%
Factoring fee revenue52,54854,716(2,168)(4)%
Finance fee revenue$359,672$254,306$105,36641%

Finance income primarily consists of late fees charged for receivables not paid within the terms of the customer agreement based upon the outstanding customer receivable balance. This revenue is earned when a customer’s receivable balance becomes delinquent and is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. Changes in the absolute amount of such outstanding balances can be attributed to (i) changes in fuel prices; (ii) customer specific transaction volume; and (iii) customer specific delinquencies. Late fee revenue can also be impacted by (i) changes in late fee rates and (ii) increases or decreases in customer overdue balances. Late fee rates are determined and set based primarily on the risk associated with our customers, coupled with a strategic view of standard rates within our industry. We consider factors such as the Company’s overall financial model and strategic plan, the cost to our business from customers failing to pay timely and the impact such late payments have on our financial results. We typically conduct an assessment of our late fee rates at least annually but such assessment may occur more often depending on macro-economic factors. In addition, we periodically assess the market rates within our industry to determine appropriate late fee rates.

Finance income increased $107.5 million in 2022, as compared to 2021. These increases were driven primarily by higher domestic fuel prices, coupled with increased customer delinquencies. During the fourth quarter of 2022, we converted the private label credit card portfolio for which we had entered into a definitive agreement to purchase in June. While this revolving balance portfolio had only a small impact on the increase in finance income for the year, it is expected to have a larger contribution to increasing finance fee income in future periods. Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions granted to customers experiencing financial difficulties during 2022 or 2021.

The primary source of factoring fee revenue is calculated as a negotiated percentage fee of the receivable balance that we purchase. A secondary source of factoring fee revenue is a flat rate service fee to our customers that request a non-contractual same day funding of the receivable balance. Factoring fee revenue for 2022 decreased $2.2 million, as compared to 2021. Increases in shipping demand in the first quarter of 2022 were offset by softening of the spot rates, or uncontracted transactional market rates paid by a shipper to move a truckload of goods, in the over-the-road market during the latter part of 2022.

Other revenue increased $19.2 million in 2022, as compared to 2021, due primarily to an increase in unfunded direct bill volume growth in our over-the road business, coupled with higher domestic interest revenue.

50

Table of Contents

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Fleet Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20222021AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$254,089$221,729$32,36015%
Service fees$8,369$7,743$6268%
Provision for credit losses$172,694$37,808$134,886357%
Operating interest$13,917$6,835$7,082104%
Depreciation and amortization$46,089$49,862$(3,773)(8)%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$110,175$92,587$17,58819%
Sales and marketing$203,325$175,563$27,76216%
Depreciation and amortization$72,544$78,413$(5,869)(7)%
Impairment charges$136,486$$136,486NM
Operating income$425,976$440,875$(14,899)(3)%
Segment adjusted operating income1$693,439$557,083$136,35624%
Segment adjusted operating income margin248.0%50.1%(2.1)%(4)%

1 Our CODM evaluates the financial performance of each segment using segment adjusted operating income, which excludes: (i) unallocated corporate expenses; (ii) acquisition-related intangible amortization and other acquisition and divestiture related items; (iii) legal settlement; (iv) impairment charges; (v) loss on sale of subsidiary; (vi) debt restructuring costs; (vii) stock-based compensation; and (viii) other costs. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income (loss) before income taxes. See also Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, to our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

2 Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. The 2022 decrease in segment adjusted operating income margin reflects unfavorability in credit and fraud losses and impairment charges to goodwill, partly offset by operating leverage from higher revenues.

NM - Not meaningful

Cost of services

Processing costs increased $32.4 million for 2022, as compared to 2021, and were driven in nearly equal parts by higher compliance costs incurred primarily in association with a consent order issued by the FDIC and UDFI and by employee compensation and other business support costs incurred as a result of the increased volumes experienced during 2022.

Provision for credit losses, which includes estimates for both credit and fraud losses, increased $134.9 million for 2022, as compared to 2021. We generally measure our loss performance by calculating fuel-related losses as a percentage of total fuel expenditures on payment processing transactions. This metric for provision for credit losses was 26.0 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2022, as compared to 7.6 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2021. Estimated fraud losses contributed 8.2 basis points to the provision for credit losses totals noted above during 2022, as compared to 1.5 basis points during 2021. Slower payments from small customers in our over-the-road business, which we believe is due to higher fuel prices and declining spot shipping rates, have been a significant contributor to the increase in credit-related losses. We additionally believe that higher fuel prices have contributed to the increase in application and transactional fraud-related losses. Efforts to refine the fraud prevention and monitoring tools we use has slowed the higher rate of fraudulent activity experienced during the second and third quarters of 2022, when fraud losses contributed approximately 11 basis points to the overall credit loss provision, to approximately 6 basis points in the fourth quarter of 2022. In addition, we are in ongoing conversations with our merchant partners in our over-the-road business to address the sources of elevated transactional fraud we experienced during 2022, and in some cases to shift the financial responsibility.

Operating interest expense increased $7.1 million in 2022, as compared to 2021. The increase is due in nearly equal parts to increased interest rates and higher operating debt balances.

51

Table of Contents

Other operating expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $17.6 million in 2022, as compared to 2021 due to increased compensation and professional services in support of business growth.

Sales and marketing expenses increased $27.8 million in 2022, as compared to 2021. This increase was primarily driven by higher partner commissions due to fuel price increases and volume growth, coupled to a lesser extent with increased employee compensation and travel in support of that growth.

Impairment charges consisted of non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $136.5 million to two of our international reporting units within our Fleet Solutions segment. No impairment to any of our reporting units was identified during the year ended December 31, 2021. See Item 8 – Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

Travel and Corporate Solutions

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Travel and Corporate Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands, except per transaction data)20222021AmountPercent
Revenues1
Payment processing revenue$353,748$274,092$79,65629%
Account servicing revenue42,85044,157(1,307)(3)%
Finance fee revenue647873(226)(26)%
Other revenue5,0635,796(733)(13)%
Total revenues$402,308$324,918$77,39024%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$101,615,998$71,027,414$30,588,58443%
Purchase volume$66,671,462$38,559,264$28,112,19873%
Net interchange rate20.53%0.71%(0.18)%(25)%

1 Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had a $14.8 million unfavorable impact on Travel and Corporate Solutions revenues in 2022, compared to the prior year.

2 Changes in customer and product mix, including the significant growth in travel-related purchase volumes, has reduced our net interchange rate from 2021 to 2022 and we expect it to continue to impact the rate going forward.

Travel and Corporate Solutions total revenue increased $77.4 million for 2022, as compared to 2021. The increase was primarily driven by continued strength in consumer travel demand, which doubled travel-related purchase volumes during 2022 compared to 2021, and volume growth in the corporate payments partner channel. These revenue increases were partly offset by the impact of an accounting change in the fourth quarter of 2021, which required a shift from gross revenue presentation to net for one customer.

Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions to customers experiencing financial difficulties during either 2022 or 2021.

52

Table of Contents

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Travel and Corporate Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20222021AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$72,925$69,869$3,0564%
Service fees$13,220$14,851$(1,631)(11)%
Provision for credit losses$6,452$6,967$(515)(7)%
Operating interest$5,770$2,251$3,519156%
Depreciation and amortization$21,568$25,861$(4,293)(17)%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$67,846$75,727$(7,881)(10)%
Sales and marketing$56,316$102,934$(46,618)(45)%
Depreciation and amortization$24,353$24,528$(175)(1)%
Operating income$133,858$1,930$131,9286,836%
Segment adjusted operating income1$192,665$86,860$105,805122%
Segment adjusted operating income margin247.9%26.7%21.2%79%

1 Our CODM evaluates the financial performance of each segment using segment adjusted operating income, which excludes: (i) unallocated corporate expenses; (ii) acquisition-related intangible amortization and other acquisition and divestiture related items; (iii) legal settlement; (iv) impairment charges; (v) loss on sale of subsidiary; (vi) debt restructuring costs; (vii) stock-based compensation; and (viii) other costs. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income (loss) before income taxes. See also Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

2 Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. The 2022 increase in segment adjusted operating income margin primarily reflects accelerated travel volumes and the benefit of an accounting change effective in the fourth quarter of 2021 from gross revenue presentation to net revenue presentation for one customer.

As a result of owning all of our technology and issuing capabilities, our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment has a highly scalable and relatively fixed cost base resulting in largely comparable expenses year to year. As a result, the significant increase in 2022 revenues has also significantly increased operating income, segment adjusted operating income, and our segment adjusted operating income margin. Instances in which our expenses in 2022 did not remain comparable to those of 2021 are described hereafter.

Cost of services

Operating interest expense increased $3.5 million in 2022, as compared to 2021. The increase is due in nearly equal parts to increased interest rates and higher operating debt balances.

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased $4.3 million in 2022, as compared to 2021, due primarily to the prior year amortization of developed technology intangible assets with a one-year life that were acquired as part of the eNett and Optal acquisition.

Other operating expenses

General and administrative expenses decreased $7.9 million in 2022, as compared to 2021. The decrease is primarily due to a vendor contract termination payment from the first quarter of 2021.

Sales and marketing expenses decreased $46.6 million in 2022, as compared to 2021, primarily due to a reduction in partner commissions, stemming from the impact of an accounting presentation change in the fourth quarter of 2021. This accounting presentation change resulted from an amended contract, which required a shift from gross revenue presentation to net revenue presentation for one customer.

53

Table of Contents

Health and Employee Benefit Solutions

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Health and Employee Benefit Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20222021AmountPercent
Revenues
Payment processing revenue$81,917$71,533$10,38415%
Account servicing revenue357,275314,35142,92414%
Finance fee revenue14914453%
Other revenue65,19828,18137,017131%
Total revenues$504,539$414,209$90,33022%
Key performance indicators
Total volume$11,205,348$10,250,375$954,9739%
Purchase volume$5,869,062$5,115,705$753,35715%
Average number of SaaS accounts118,04116,2571,78411%

1 The growth in average number of SaaS accounts, which represents the number of active Consumer-Directed Health, COBRA, and billing accounts on our SaaS platforms, was primarily due to existing partner growth and the impact of new partner and employer group enrollments and to a lesser extent, the acquisition of benefitexpress. SaaS accounts include HSA accounts for which WEX Inc. serves as the passive non-bank custodian under designation by the U.S. Department of Treasury.

Payment processing revenue increased $10.4 million in 2022, as compared to 2021, due primarily to increased spend volumes, inclusive of cardholder growth.

Account servicing revenue increased $42.9 million for 2022, as compared to 2021. Account growth and an increased number of participants using our SaaS platform accounted for greater than half of the increase in revenue. The remaining increase was driven primarily by increased revenues recognized as a result of the benefitexpress Acquisition and an increase in program fees for custodial services, offset in part by a reduction of revenue resulting from one-time COBRA-related services provided as a result of the American Rescue Plan Act legislation during 2021.

Other revenue increased $37.0 million in 2022 as compared to 2021. The increase was substantially due to increased interest income, coupled with higher professional services revenue. The significant increase in interest income was due to the investment of larger average HSA deposit balances held by WEX Bank, which approximated $1,523 million, for the full year of 2022 versus $824 million for the fourth quarter of 2021, when the deposits were first received and invested.

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Health and Employee Benefit Solutions:

54

Table of Contents

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20222021AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$231,897$191,272$40,62521%
Service fees$43,605$30,210$13,39544%
Provision for credit losses$751$339$412122%
Operating interest$892$71$8211,156%
Depreciation and amortization$38,212$36,441$1,7715%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$41,183$38,129$3,0548%
Sales and marketing$52,192$40,581$11,61129%
Depreciation and amortization$59,102$55,436$3,6667%
Operating income$36,705$21,730$14,97569%
Segment adjusted operating income1$133,682$104,408$29,27428%
Segment adjusted operating income margin226.5%25.2%1.3%5%

1 Our CODM evaluates the financial performance of each segment using segment adjusted operating income, which excludes: (i) unallocated corporate expenses; (ii) acquisition-related intangible amortization and other acquisition and divestiture related items; (iii) legal settlement; (iv) impairment charges; (v) loss on sale of subsidiary; (vi) debt restructuring costs; (vii) stock-based compensation; and (viii) other costs. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income (loss) before income taxes. See also Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

2 Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. Revenue recognized from the invested HSA deposits has contributed to the 5 percent increase over 2021.

Cost of services

Processing costs increased $40.6 million in 2022, as compared to 2021. The increase primarily resulted from higher customer service and technology costs to support partner growth, along with increased costs as a result of the benefitexpress Acquisition.

Service fees increased $13.4 million in 2022, as compared to 2021. This increase was primarily related to greater custodial program fees incurred driven by an increase in volumes and rates as well as an increase in print and mail fees.

Other operating expenses

Sales and marketing expenses increased $11.6 million in 2022, as compared to 2021, due primarily to the expansion of the sales and marketing team, coupled with increased expense due to the benefitexpress Acquisition.

Unallocated corporate expenses

Unallocated corporate expenses represent the portion of expenses relating to general corporate functions including acquisition and divestiture expenses, certain finance, legal, information technology, human resources, administrative and executive expenses and other expenses not directly attributable to a reportable segment.

The following table compares line items within operating income for unallocated corporate expenses:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20222021AmountPercent
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$124,697$120,435$4,2624%
Depreciation and amortization$2,000$2,100$(100)(5)%

Increased stock and other compensation expense during 2022 was substantially offset by a reduction in professional fees, including legal and arrangement fees incurred in connection with the amendment and restatement of our 2016 Credit Agreement during 2021, resulting in general and administrative expense remaining relatively consistent with that of 2021.

55

Table of Contents

Non-operating income and expense

The following table reflects comparative results for certain amounts excluded from operating income:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Change
(In thousands)20222021AmountPercent
Financing interest expense$(130,690)$(128,422)$2,2682%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration$(139,088)$(40,100)$98,988247%
Other income$$3,617$(3,617)(100)%
Net foreign currency loss$(22,702)$(12,339)$10,36384%
Net unrealized gain on financial instruments$83,184$39,190$43,994112%
Income tax provision$93,085$67,807$25,27837%
Net income from non-controlling interests$268$846$(578)(68)%
Change in value of redeemable non-controlling interest$34,245$(135,156)$169,401NM

NM - Not meaningful

Financing interest expense in 2022 remained consistent with that of 2021. Increases in interest expense as a result of higher interest rates on our term loans and accretion of deferred payments associated with the acquisition of the remaining interest in PO Holding during March 2022, were largely offset by realized gains on our interest rate swaps, reductions as a result of the early redemption of the Company’s $400.0 million senior notes and the write-off of certain deferred financing costs in conjunction with the amendment and restatement of the Company’s 2016 Credit Agreement, both during 2021.

The Company’s contingent consideration derivative liability increased during 2022 as a result of the steepening of the Federal Funds futures curve, resulting in a $99.0 million increase in change in fair value of contingent consideration compared to 2021.

During 2021, the Company recognized other income of $3.6 million resulting from a gain on the sale of a fully impaired equity investment.

Our foreign currency exchange exposure is primarily related to the remeasurement of our cash, receivable and payable balances, including intercompany transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies. During 2022, net foreign currency loss was $22.7 million, as compared to $12.3 million in 2021. The increased losses resulted from the further weakening of certain foreign currencies in which we transact, including the Australian dollar, the Euro and the British Pound sterling, relative to the U.S. dollar.

The Company incurred unrealized gains on financial instruments of $83.2 million during 2022 and $39.2 million during 2021. The increase in unrealized gains on interest rate swaps was substantially due to significant increases in the LIBOR forward yield curve.

We recorded an income tax provision of $93.1 million for 2022 as compared to $67.8 million for 2021. Our effective tax rate was a 35.7 percent provision for 2022 as compared to a 33.2 percent provision in 2021. The Company’s effective tax rate for 2022 was adversely impacted primarily by a discrete tax adjustment of $12.7 million relating to the establishment of a valuation allowance recorded against a portion of deferred tax assets resulting from goodwill impairment charges and a $7.5 million discrete tax item primarily associated with an uncertain tax provision.

During March 2022, the Company purchased the remaining non-controlling interest in PO Holding from SBI, reducing the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest to zero. The transaction resulted in a $34.2 million gain, net of tax expense. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, to our consolidated financial statements for further information.

Year Ended December 31, 2021, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Discussion and analysis of the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021 and is incorporated by reference herein.

56

Table of Contents

Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures

Segment Adjusted Operating Income and Adjusted Net Income

In addition to evaluating the Company’s performance on a GAAP basis, Management of the Company uses segment adjusted operating income, a non-GAAP measure, to allocate resources among our operating segments. The Company considers this measure, which excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, legal settlement, impairment charges, loss on sale of subsidiary, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation and other costs integral in evaluating the Company’s performance.

Our Management also uses adjusted net income, a non-GAAP measure, to evaluate its performance. WEX believes that adjusted net income, which similarly excludes all items discussed in the paragraph above except unallocated corporate expenses, and further excludes unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, net foreign currency gains and losses, change in fair value of contingent consideration, debt issuance cost amortization, other adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests and tax related items, is also integral to the Company’s reporting and planning processes.

Segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income may be useful to investors as a means of evaluating our performance. However, because segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income are non-GAAP measures, they should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, operating income or net income as determined in accordance with GAAP. Segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

Specifically, in addition to evaluating the Company's performance on a GAAP basis, management evaluates the Company's performance on a non-GAAP basis that excludes the items specified above for the reasons discussed below:

•Exclusion of the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments, including interest rate swap agreements and investment securities, helps management identify and assess trends in the Company’s underlying business that might otherwise be obscured due to quarterly non-cash earnings fluctuations associated with these financial instruments. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•Net foreign currency gains and losses primarily result from the remeasurement to functional currency of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, certain intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies and any gain or loss on foreign currency hedges relating to these items. The exclusion of these items helps management compare changes in operating results between periods that might otherwise be obscured due to currency fluctuations;

•The change in fair value of contingent consideration, which is related to the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to HSAs, is dependent upon changes in future interest rate assumptions and has no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the Company. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•The Company considers certain acquisition-related costs, including certain financing costs, investment banking fees, warranty and indemnity insurance, certain integration related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, as well as gains and losses from divestitures to be unpredictable, dependent on factors that may be outside of our control and unrelated to the continuing operations of the acquired or divested business or the Company. In addition, the size and complexity of an acquisition, which often drives the magnitude of acquisition-related costs, may not be indicative of such future costs. The Company believes that excluding acquisition-related costs and gains or losses on divestitures facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in our industry;

•Legal settlement represents the consideration paid to the sellers of eNett and Optal in excess of the businesses’ fair values, which is nonrecurring and does not reflect future operating expenses resulting from this acquisition;

•The loss on sale of subsidiary relates to the divestiture of our former Brazilian subsidiary as of the date of sale, September 30, 2020, and the associated write-off of its assets and liabilities. As previously discussed, gains and losses from divestitures are considered by us to be unpredictable and dependent on factors that may be outside of our control. The exclusion of these gains and losses are consistent with our practice of excluding other non-recurring items associated with strategic transactions;

57

Table of Contents

•Stock-based compensation is different from other forms of compensation, as it is a non-cash expense. For example, a cash salary generally has a fixed and unvarying cash cost. In contrast, the expense associated with an equity-based award is generally unrelated to the amount of cash ultimately received by the employee, and the cost to the Company is based on a stock-based compensation valuation methodology and underlying assumptions that may vary over time;

•Other costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. This also includes non-recurring professional service costs, costs related to certain identified initiatives, including restructuring and technology initiatives, to further streamline the business, improve the Company’s efficiency, create synergies and globalize the Company’s operations, all with an objective to improve scale and efficiency and increase profitability going forward. For the year ended December 31, 2021, other costs additionally include a penalty incurred on a vendor contract termination;

•Impairment charges represent non-cash asset write-offs, which do not reflect recurring costs that would be relevant to the Company’s continuing operations. The Company believes that excluding these nonrecurring expenses facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in its industry;

•Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization are unrelated to the continuing operations of the Company. Debt restructuring costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. In addition, since debt issuance cost amortization is dependent upon the financing method, which can vary widely company to company, we believe that excluding these costs helps to facilitate comparison to historical results as well as to other companies within our industry;

•The adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests, including adjustments to the redemption value of a non-controlling interest, have no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the business;

•The tax related items are the difference between the Company’s GAAP tax provision and a pro forma tax provision based upon the Company’s adjusted net income before taxes as well as the impact from certain discrete tax items. The methodology utilized for calculating the Company’s adjusted net income tax provision is the same methodology utilized in calculating the Company’s GAAP tax provision; and

•The Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

The following table reconciles net income (loss) attributable to shareholders to adjusted net income attributable to shareholders and related per share data:

Year ended December 31,
(In thousands)202220212020
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders$201,438$4.50$137$$(243,638)$(5.56)
Unrealized (gain) loss on financial instruments(83,184)(1.86)(39,190)(0.86)27,0360.62
Net foreign currency loss22,7020.5112,3390.2725,7830.59
Change in fair value of contingent consideration139,0883.1140,1000.88
Acquisition-related intangible amortization170,5003.81181,6944.01171,1443.90
Other acquisition and divestiture related items17,8740.4036,9160.8157,7871.32
Legal settlement162,5003.71
Loss on sale of subsidiary46,3621.06
Stock-based compensation100,6942.2576,5501.7065,8411.50
Other costs38,4340.8623,1710.5213,0640.30
Impairment charges136,4863.0553,3781.22
Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization17,3330.3921,7680.4840,0630.91
ANI adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests(34,587)(0.77)132,0302.91(42,910)(0.98)
Tax related items(115,781)(2.59)(71,458)(1.58)(108,086)(2.47)
Dilutive impact of stock awards1(0.06)
Dilutive impact of convertible debt2(0.13)
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders$610,997$13.53$414,057$9.14$268,324$6.06

58

Table of Contents

1 As the Company reported a net loss attributable to shareholders for 2020, the 2020 diluted weighted average shares outstanding equaled the basic weighted average shares outstanding under GAAP. The non-GAAP adjustments described above resulted in adjusted net income for 2020, therefore, dilutive common stock equivalents have been included in the calculation of adjusted diluted weighted average shares outstanding to arrive at adjusted per share data. The total number of shares used in calculating adjusted net income per diluted share for 2020 was 44.3 million.

2 Under the ‘if-converted’ method, approximately 1.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock associated with the assumed conversion of the convertible notes as of the beginning of the period was included in the 2022 calculation of adjusted net income per diluted share, as the effect of including such adjustments was dilutive. Under the ‘if-converted’ method, $15.1 million of interest expense associated with our convertible notes, net of tax, was added back to adjusted net income. The total number of share used in calculating adjusted net income per diluted share for 2022 is 46.3 million.

GAAP operating income (loss) was $469.8 million, $342.0 million and $(91.7) million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For a reconciliation of GAAP operating income (loss) to total segment adjusted operating income, please see the following table:

Year ended December 31,
(In thousands)202220212020
Segment adjusted operating income
Fleet Solutions$693,439$557,083$383,502
Travel and Corporate Solutions192,66586,86062,096
Health and Employee Benefit Solutions133,682104,40896,769
Total segment adjusted operating income$1,019,786$748,351$542,367
Reconciliation:
Total segment adjusted operating income$1,019,786$748,351$542,367
Less:
Unallocated corporate expenses84,48478,21862,938
Acquisition-related intangible amortization170,500181,694171,144
Other acquisition and divestiture related items17,87440,53357,787
Legal settlement162,500
Impairment charges136,48653,378
Loss on sale of subsidiary46,362
Debt restructuring costs436,185535
Stock-based compensation100,69476,55065,841
Other costs39,86323,17113,555
Operating income (loss)$469,842$342,000$(91,673)

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

The Company’s non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is calculated as cash generated from operations, less net purchases of current investment securities and capital expenditures plus the change in net deposits. Although non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is not calculated in accordance with GAAP, WEX believes that adjusted free cash flow is a useful measure for investors to further evaluate our results of operations because (i) adjusted free cash flow indicates the level of cash generated by the operations of the business after appropriate reinvestment for recurring investments in property, equipment and capitalized software that are required to operate the business; (ii) changes in net deposits occur on a daily basis as a regular part of operations; and (iii) purchases of current investment securities are made as a result of deposits gathered operationally. However, because adjusted free cash flow is a non-GAAP measure, it should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, operating cash flow as determined in accordance with GAAP. In addition, adjusted free cash flow as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

59

Table of Contents

The following table reconciles GAAP operating cash flow to adjusted free cash flow for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

(In thousands)Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Operating cash flow, as reported$679,425$(42,579)$736,804
Adjusted for certain investing and financing activities:
Increases (decreases) in net deposits801,5921,620,284(396,065)
Less: Purchases of current investment securities, net of sales and maturities(585,754)(956,221)
Less: Capital expenditures(112,875)(86,041)(80,471)
Adjusted free cash flow$782,388$535,443$260,268

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments about certain items and future events that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The accounting policies that we believe are most dependent on the application of critical accounting estimates and assumptions, or those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and operating results and require management’s most subjective judgments, are related to the determination of:

•Credit loss reserves;

•The valuation of the Company’s contingent consideration derivative liability;

•The valuation of the Company’s business combinations and asset acquisitions;

•Goodwill impairment; and

•Income taxes, in particular the recoverability of our deferred tax assets.

These accounting policies require the use of assumptions about matters, some of which are highly uncertain at the time of estimation. To the extent actual experience differs from the assumptions used, our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially affected.

Credit Loss Reserves

The allowance for expected credit losses is primarily calculated by analytical models using actual loss-rate experience and management discretion. Receivables exhibiting elevated credit risk characteristics from homogenous pools are assessed and reserved on an individual basis for expected credit losses. We assess these receivables for individual expected credit loss estimates utilizing credit scoring and other information including the occurrence of disputes, conversations with customers, or other significant credit loss events. Management monitors the credit quality of accounts receivable in making judgments necessary to estimate expected credit losses by analyzing delinquency reports, loss-rate trends, changes in customer payment patterns, economic indicators and recent trends in competitive, legal, and regulatory environments. When such indicators are forecasted to deviate from historical actual results, the Company qualitatively assesses what impact, if any, the trends are expected to have on the reserve for credit losses. Assumptions regarding expected credit losses are reviewed each reporting period and may be impacted by actual performance of accounts receivable and changes in any of the factors discussed above.

To the extent calculated expected credit losses are not indicative of future performance, actual loss experience and our results of operations could differ significantly from management’s judgments and expectations, resulting in either higher or lower future provisions for credit losses, as applicable. As of December 31, 2022, we have an estimated reserve for credit losses that is 3.2 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance as compared to December 31, 2021, when our estimated reserve for credit losses was 2.2 percent of gross accounts receivable. An increase or decrease to the 2022 reserve by 0.5 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance would increase or decrease the provision for credit losses by $16.9 million.

For additional information on credit losses, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

60

Table of Contents

Contingent Consideration Derivative Liability

In April 2021, we completed the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to certain HSA assets. In addition to cash consideration paid by WEX upon closing, the purchase agreement also includes potential additional consideration that is contingent upon any future increases in the Federal Funds rate post closing. The contingent payment period began on July 1, 2021 and extends until the earlier of (i) the year ending December 31, 2030, or (ii) the date when the cumulative amount paid as contingent consideration equals $225 million. Contingent payments are calculated quarterly and are paid and settled annually.

Given the agreement’s term extends through the end of 2030, there is not sufficient, observable market data in Federal Funds futures contracts to use Level 1 or Level 2 input-based methodologies for determining the fair value. Accordingly, we have determined the fair value of our contingent consideration liability using a mathematical method of modeling the movement of interest rates, which is considered a Level 3 (unobservable) input-based methodology, to estimate a future Federal Funds rate curve, which is used in a discounted cash flow model to determine the present value of our expected payment obligations.

The fair value of our contingent consideration liability is highly sensitive to current and future changes in the Federal Funds rate and increases or decreases in such rate could have a significant effect on our results of operations. However, any changes in the Federal Funds rate will only affect future calculable payments. While the final amount to be paid by WEX through 2030 could change significantly from our estimations, given the $225 million payment ceiling, the actual liability cannot exceed our current estimate as of December 31, 2022 by more than $18.6 million. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of our contingent liability includes $28.7 million of liability related to calendar 2022, no longer subject to estimation and payable during January 2023.

For additional information on the contingent consideration derivative liability, see Note 18, Fair Value, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions

The accounting for business combinations and asset acquisitions requires estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business or assets, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable assets, including intangible assets and goodwill. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including projected financial information, effective income tax rates, present value discount factors and long-term growth expectations. Goodwill is not amortized but is instead reviewed for impairment. Accordingly, the allocation of cash flows between amortizable assets and goodwill could have a significant impact on annual operations.

There have been no business combinations or asset acquisitions requiring material estimates during 2022. For additional information regarding the accounting for past acquisitions, see Note 4, Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Goodwill Impairment

Our quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed at least annually as of October 1, or more frequently, if events or conditions indicate the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. The test consists of a comparison of the carrying value of each reporting unit with assigned goodwill to its estimated fair value. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated using a combination of an income-based DCFM valuation model and a market-based GPCM valuation model.

The key assumptions that drive fair value of our reporting units are the WACC and projected financial information (i.e. growth rates and the amount and timing of expected future cash flows) within the DCFM and relevant comparable company earnings multiples within the GPCM, all of which require significant management judgment. In the DCFM, as the WACC increases, fair value decreases because market participants would require a higher rate of return. Therefore, for example, if the current economic environment were to deteriorate, and as a result the WACC were to increase, the fair value of our reporting units would decrease. Additionally, the profitability of individual reporting units may suffer periodically from downturns in customer demand or other economic factors. Individual reporting units may be more greatly impacted than the Company as a whole, given the different market sectors and geographies in which we operate. As a result, demand for the services of one or more of the reporting units could decline, which could adversely affect the key inputs to our estimated fair value of the Company’s reporting units. If actual reporting unit growth rates were to fall short of previous estimates or delays in the timing of future cash flows were to occur, the fair value of a reporting unit could be negatively impacted. The GPCM requires us to identify a population of publicly traded companies with similar operations and key attributes to those of our reporting units (GPCs), which involves a certain degree of judgment as no two companies are entirely alike. Various revenue and earnings based multiples from these GPCs are then used in our fair value calculation. In selecting appropriate multiples to apply to each

61

Table of Contents

reporting unit, we perform a comparative analysis between the reporting units and GPCs, considering revenue growth, profitability and the size of the reporting unit compared to the GPCs. Significant increases or decreases in these multiples would result in an increase or decrease, respectively, in the fair value of the reporting unit.

During the third quarter of 2022, certain triggering events were identified in our international fleet reporting units requiring us to perform an interim impairment test. As a result of the financial impacts of the identified triggering events, our test concluded that the carrying value of two of our international reporting units exceeded their estimated fair value, resulting in the recognition of an impairment charge of $136.5 million to our Fleet Solutions segment. No triggering events were identified during the third quarter of 2022 with respect to our other reporting units. Our annual goodwill impairment test performed as of October 1, 2022 identified no further impairments. For the two reporting units for which we recognized impairment during the third quarter of 2022, one had no remaining goodwill and the other had $95.4 million of goodwill as of December 31, 2022. Future impairment of this reporting unit may occur if financial results or macroeconomic conditions deteriorate versus our current expectations. Our annual goodwill impairment test indicated excesses of estimated fair value over the respective carrying values of our other reporting units ranging from approximately 100 percent to greater than 200 percent. We have performed sensitivity analyses on the key inputs into the fair value calculations and we validate the results of our impairment test through a reconciliation of the fair value of all our reporting units to our overall market capitalization. Although no reporting units are deemed at risk of impairment as of December 31, 2022, unforeseen events, changes in circumstances and market conditions and differences in estimates of future cash flows could adversely affect the fair value of our assets and could result in future impairment charges.

For additional information on the accounting for goodwill and goodwill impairments recorded, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Income Taxes

Valuation allowance

We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized, the determination of which requires significant judgment. In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. Our valuation allowance at December 31, 2022 increased to $131.4 million from $95.0 million at December 31, 2021, resulting in deferred tax liabilities, net, of $128.8 million as of December 31, 2022. Changes in the expectations regarding the realization of deferred tax assets could materially impact income tax expense in future periods.

For additional information on income taxes, see Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 14, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards

See Item 8 – Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for a complete discussion of recently issued accounting standards adopted and not yet adopted.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We fund our business operations primarily via cash on hand, cash generated from operations, the issuance of deposits, borrowings under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, our participation debt and our accounts receivable factoring and securitization arrangements. As of December 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $922.0 million, including Corporate Cash of $171.5 million, and remaining borrowing availability of $898.9 million under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below) along with access to various sources of funds, including uncommitted federal funds lines of credit from other banks.

Our short-term cash requirements consist primarily of funding the working capital needs of our business, payments on maturities and withdrawals of deposits, payments on borrowed federal funds, required capital expenditures, repayments and interest payments on the credit facilities under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and Convertible Notes and other operating expenses. Our long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, Convertible Notes and various facilities lease agreements.

62

Table of Contents

Our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), senior secured tranche A term loans (the “Tranche A Term Loans”) and senior secured tranche B term loans (the “Tranche B Term Loans”). As of December 31, 2022,we had an outstanding principal amount of $892.8 million on the Tranche A Term Loans, an outstanding principal amount of $1,416.8 million on the Tranche B Term Loans, no borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility and letters of credit of $31.1 million drawn against the Revolving Credit Facility. The letters of credit are issued by us in favor of third-party beneficiaries and primarily related to facility lease agreements and virtual card and fuel payment processing activity at our foreign subsidiaries. These irrevocable letters of credit are secured and are renewed on an annual basis unless the Company chooses not to renew them. The Tranche A Term Loans and Tranche B Term Loans require scheduled quarterly payments through the April 1, 2026 and April 1, 2028 respective maturity dates. The Revolving Credit Facility and the Tranche A Term Loans bear interest at variable rates, at our option, plus an applicable margin determined based on our consolidated leverage ratio, and the Tranche B Term Loans bear interest at variable rates, at our option, plus a fixed margin of 1.25 percent for base rate borrowings and 2.25 percent with respect to eurocurrency rate borrowings. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding our applicable interest rates on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding $310.0 million in aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes, issued in a private placement with Warburg Pincus with a maturity date of July 15, 2027, unless earlier converted. Interest is calculated at a fixed rate of 6.5 percent, payable semi-annually in arrears. At the Company’s option, interest is either payable in cash, through accretion to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes, or a combination of cash and accretion. The Company has paid, and expects to continue to pay interest in cash as it comes due. The Convertible Notes may be converted at the option of the holders at any time prior to maturity, however, as of December 31, 2022, the closing price of the Company’s common stock was less than the conversion price. The Company will have the right to redeem the Convertible Notes at any time after July 1, 2023 contingent, in part, on the closing price of WEX’s common stock being at least 200 percent of the Convertible Notes conversion price for 20 trading days out of any 30 consecutive trading day period. The Company may settle conversions of Convertible Notes, at its election, in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof. It is the Company’s intention to settle all conversions of the Convertible Notes in shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company is also party to two securitized debt agreements. Under these agreements, our subsidiaries sell trade accounts receivable to bankruptcy-remote subsidiaries consolidated by the Company, which in turn use the receivables as collateral to issue securitized debt. Amounts collected on the securitized receivables are restricted to pay the securitized debt and are not available for general corporate purposes. The Company had $110.6 million of securitized debt under these facilities as of December 31, 2022. In addition, from time to time, WEX Bank enters into participation agreements with third-party banks to fund customers’ balances that exceed WEX Bank’s lending limit to individual customers. There was $39.0 million borrowed against these participation agreements as of December 31, 2022. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, in this report for more information regarding these facilities.

We utilize two off-balance sheet factoring arrangements to sell certain of our accounts receivable to unrelated third-party financial institutions in order to accelerate the collection of the Company’s cash and reduce internal costs. Under the arrangements, the factored receivables have been transferred without recourse. Available capacity is dependent on the level of our trade accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institution’s willingness to purchase such receivables. However, the Company is not dependent on them to maintain its liquidity and capital resources. We are not aware of any circumstances that are reasonably likely to cause the off-balance sheet arrangements to have a material adverse effect on liquidity and capital resources. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 13, Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, in this report for further information about the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements.

WEX Bank’s regulatory status enables it to raise capital to fund the Company’s working capital requirements by issuing deposits, subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the Utah DFI. WEX Bank accepts its deposits through certain customers as required collateral for credit that has been extended (“customer deposits”) and contractual arrangements for brokered and non-brokered certificate of deposit and money market deposit products. Additionally, beginning in October 2021, WEX Bank holds HSA deposits transferred from third-party depository partners. Customer deposits are generally non-interest bearing, certificates of deposit are issued at fixed rates, money market deposits are issued at both fixed and variable rates based on LIBOR or the Federal Funds rate and HSA deposits are issued at rates as defined within the consumer account agreements. Certificates of deposit and certain fixed term money market deposit products have fixed contractual maturities. Money market deposits without fixed terms may be withdrawn by the holder at any time, although the allowed number of transactions may be limited and notification may be required. Customer deposits are released at the termination of the relationship, net of any customer receivable, or upon reevaluation of the customer’s credit in limited instances. HSA funds can be withdrawn by the account holders on demand. We believe that our deposits are paying competitive

63

Table of Contents

yields and that there continues to be consumer demand for these instruments. As of December 31, 2022, we had $3.5 billion in deposits. See Part II – Item 8 – Note 11, Deposits, in this report for more information regarding our deposits.

We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash generating capabilities, financial condition and operations, and access to available funding sources will be adequate to fund our cash needs for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future. The table below summarizes our primary sources and uses of cash:

Sources of cashUse of cash1
•Borrowings and availability on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement•Convertible Notes•Deposits•Borrowed federal funds•Participation debt•Accounts receivable factoring and securitization arrangements•Payments on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement•Payments on maturities and withdrawals of deposits•Payments on borrowed federal funds•Working capital needs of the business•Capital expenditures•Purchases of shares of treasury stock•Merger and acquisition activity

1 Our long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and various facilities lease agreements.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash activities and adjusted free cash flow:

(In thousands)Year ended December 31,
202220212020
Net cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities1$679,425$(42,579)$736,804
Investing activities$(716,654)$(1,601,106)$(329,086)
Financing activities1$681,259$1,596,246$(59,041)
Non-GAAP financial measure:
Adjusted free cash flow2$782,388$535,443$260,268

1 Restricted cash payable inflows of $193.0 million and $120.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, have been reclassified from operating activities to financing activities to conform to the current period presentation. Refer to Part II – Item 8 – Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for more information.

2 The Company’s non-GAAP adjusted free cash flow is calculated as cash generated from operations, less net purchases of current investment securities and capital expenditures plus the change in net deposits. For a reconciliation to net cash provided by operating activities, the most closely comparable GAAP measure, and the reasons why we believe this is an important financial measure, please refer to the section titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures.

Operating Activities

We fund a customer’s entire receivable in the majority of our fleet and travel payment processing transactions, while the revenue generated by these transactions is only a small percentage of that amount. Consequently, cash flows from operations are impacted significantly by increases or decreases in fuel prices, driving changes in accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, which directly impact our capital resource requirements.

The majority of the Company’s trade receivables provide for payment terms of 30 days or less and receivables not paid within the terms of the agreement are generally subject to late fees based upon the outstanding receivable balance. The Company also extends revolving credit to certain small fleets. Such accounts are also subject to late fees and interest charges based on a revolving balance. The Company had approximately $157.8 million and $93.7 million of receivables with revolving credit balances as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The receivables portfolio consists of a large group of homogeneous smaller balances across a wide range of industries. No one customer receivable balance represented 10 percent or more of the outstanding receivables balance at December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022, approximately 98 percent and 99 percent of the outstanding balance of total trade accounts receivable was less than 30 days and 60 days past due, respectively.

•Net cash provided by operating activities for 2022 increased $722.0 million as compared to the prior year, primarily attributable to a decreased change in accounts receivable, net of a corresponding increased change in accounts payable, as well as higher net income adjusted for non-cash items.

64

Table of Contents

•Net cash provided by operating activities for 2021 decreased $779.4 million as compared to the prior year, substantially due to an increase in accounts receivable balances, which was partially offset by a corresponding increase in accounts payable and accrued expense balances. Given that the Company finances the majority of domestic Fleet Solutions and Travel and Corporate Solutions operations through WEX Bank, operating cash flows were negatively impacted by volume and domestic fuel price increases during 2021, whereas in 2020, operating cash flows were positively impacted by a decrease in volumes and domestic fuel prices caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Investing Activities

Investing cash flows generally consist of capital expenditures, cash used for acquisitions and investment of eligible custodial cash assets.

•Net cash used for investing activities for 2022 decreased $884.5 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from a reduction in payments made for acquisitions as well as a reduction in net purchases of available-for-sale debt securities.

•Net cash used for investing activities for 2021 increased $1,272.0 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from the purchase of available-for-sale debt securities and payments made for acquisitions, including the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian of HSAs from Bell Bank and the benefitexpress Acquisition.

Financing Activities

Financing cash flows generally consist of the issuance and repayment of debt, deposits and proceeds from employee exercises of stock options, changes in restricted cash payable and purchases of treasury shares. Repurchases of our common stock may vary based on management’s evaluation of market and economic conditions and other factors.

•Net cash provided by financing activities during 2022 decreased $915.0 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from lower relative deposit issuances and purchases of treasury shares.

•Net cash provided by financing activities during 2021 increased $1,655.3 million as compared to the prior year due primarily to higher relative deposit issuances, offset in part by the early redemption of the Company’s $400.0 million of Notes, as further described within Part II – Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt.

Cash used to repurchase approximately 1.9 million shares of our common stock totaled $282.8 million during 2022. The remaining dollar value of shares authorized by our board of directors for repurchase is $508.8 million as of December 31, 2022.

Adjusted Free Cash Flow

The definition of adjusted free cash flow, and the reasons why we believe it to be an important financial measure, can be found in the section titled Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures.

•Adjusted free cash flow increased $246.9 million during 2022 from 2021 reflecting a significant increase in operating cash flows and decrease in purchases of current investment securities, offset in part by the reduction in cash provided by net deposits as compared to the prior year.

•Adjusted free cash flow increased $275.2 million during 2021 from 2020, reflecting a significant increase in net deposits, offset in part by the investment of such deposits in current investment securities, coupled with a significant decrease in operating cash flows.

Undistributed Earnings

Undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company amounted to $159.9 million at December 31, 2022. The Company continues to maintain its indefinite reinvestment assertion for its investments in foreign subsidiaries except for any historical undistributed earnings and future earnings for WEX Australia. Upon distribution of the foreign subsidiaries’ earnings in which the Company continues to assert indefinite reinvestment, which approximates $129.1 million at December 31, 2022, the Company would be subject to withholding taxes payable to foreign countries, where applicable, but would generally have no further federal income tax liability.

Earnings outside of the United States are accompanied by certain financial risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may reduce the reported value of our foreign currency revenues,

65

Table of Contents

net of expenses and cash flows. We cannot predict changes in currency exchange rates, the impact of currency exchange rate changes nor the degree to which we will be able to manage the impact of currency exchange rate changes.

Financial Covenants

The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants that, subject to certain customary exceptions, limit the Company and its subsidiaries’ (including, in certain limited circumstances, WEX Bank and the Company’s other regulated subsidiaries) ability to, among other things (i) incur additional debt, (ii) pay dividends or make other distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock, or make investments or other restricted payments, (iii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (iv) dispose of assets or issue stock of restricted subsidiaries or regulated subsidiaries, (v) create liens on assets, or (vi) effect a consolidation or merger or sell all, or substantially all, of the Company’s assets. Additionally, the indenture governing the Convertible Notes contains customary negative and affirmative covenants that, subject to certain customary exceptions, limit the Company and its subsidiaries’ (but excluding WEX Bank and the Company’s other regulated subsidiaries) ability to, among other things, incur additional debt.

The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also requires, solely for the benefit of the lenders of the Tranche A Term Loan and lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility, that the Company maintain at the end of each fiscal quarter the following financial ratios:

•a consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) of no less than 3.00 to 1.00; and

•a consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) of no more than 5.00 to 1.00 for the quarters ending December 31, 2022 through September 30, 2023, and 4.75 to 1.00 thereafter.

We were in compliance with these covenants and restrictions at December 31, 2022.

Commitments to extend credit

We have entered into commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business. We had approximately $9.2 billion of unused commitments to extend credit at December 31, 2022, as part of established customer agreements, which are off-balance sheet arrangements. These amounts may increase or decrease during 2023 as we increase or decrease credit to customers, subject to appropriate credit reviews, as part of our lending product agreements. Many of these commitments are not expected to be utilized. We can adjust most of our customers’ credit lines at our discretion at any time. Therefore, we do not believe total unused credit available to customers and customers of strategic relationships represents future cash requirements. We believe that we can adequately fund actual cash requirements related to these credit commitments through the sources of cash described above.

Other contractual commitments

The table below summarizes the estimated amounts of payments under contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022:

Payments Due By Period
(In thousands)TotalLess than 1 Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsMore Than 5 Years
Operating lease obligations(1)$101,536$15,025$22,829$16,443$47,239
Long-term debt obligations:
Term loans2,309,58563,342126,683774,8951,344,665
Interest payments on term loans(2)642,479146,766281,660191,75322,300
Convertible Notes310,000310,000
Interest payments on Convertible Notes(3)100,75020,15040,30040,300
Other commitments:
Contractual deposits(4)1,104,901770,718334,183
Interest on contractual deposits15,85012,5593,291
Minimum volume purchase commitments(5)18,0785,64112,437
Deferred payments on acquisitions(6)300,23053,688165,87580,667
Interest owed on deferred payments on acquisition(7)14,9139,4385,475
Other (8)15,03410,0494,985
Total$4,933,356$1,097,938$1,001,681$1,419,533$1,414,204

66

Table of Contents

(1) Operating lease obligations – Primarily represents undiscounted cash flows for remaining lease payments under long-term operating leases for office space. See Item 8 – Note 15, Leases, for more information regarding our leases.

(2) Interest payments on term loans – Interest payments are based on effective rates and credit spreads in effect as of December 31, 2022. See Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, for more information. The Company’s variable interest payments in this table are economically hedged with $1.6 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps, which expire at various dates through May 2026, to reduce our exposure to interest rate volatility. See Item 8 – Note 12, Derivative Instruments, and Item 8 – Note 18, Fair Value, for more information.

(3) Interest payments on Convertible Notes – Interest payments are based on the coupon rate and assuming that the Company will elect to settle all interest payments in cash. See Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, for more information.

(4) Contractual deposits – Includes certificates of deposit and certain money market deposits, which have a fixed maturity and interest rate. See Item 8 – Note 11, Deposits, for more information.

(5) Minimum volume purchase commitments – Under existing contractual arrangements, the Company is required to purchase a minimum amount of fuel from certain fuel suppliers on an annual basis. Upon failing to meet these minimum commitments, a penalty is assessed as defined under the contracts. See Item 8 – Note 20, Commitments and Contingencies, for more information. The table above represents the Company’s annual penalty assuming we purchase no fuel under these commitments after December 31, 2022.

(6) Deferred payments on acquisition – Relates to deferred cash payments and additional consideration owed pursuant to previously completed acquisitions. The asset purchase agreement with Bell Bank includes the potential for additional consideration payable annually by WEX that is calculated on a quarterly basis and is contingent, and based, upon any future increases in the Federal Funds rate. The contingent payment period began on July 1, 2021 and extends through the earlier of December 31, 2030, or the date when the cumulative amount paid as contingent consideration equals $225.0 million. Through December 31, 2022, $28.7 million of consideration has been incurred and included in the above table as it is no longer contingent upon future events. Given the timing and amount of any additional contingent consideration is dependent on future changes in interest rates and therefore uncertain, the table above does not include any amounts related to potential additional contingent consideration. Assuming no further changes to the Federal Funds rate as of December 31, 2022, however, the Company expects that it will incur the full $225.0 million in contingent consideration, payable in annual increments of approximately $54.2 million over the next three years with any remaining balance payable during 2027. See Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, for more information.

(7) Interest owed on deferred payments on acquisition – The purchase agreement for the remaining 4.53 percent interest in PO Holding includes the payment of interest on the outstanding purchase price balance. See Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, for more information.

(8) Other – This amount is comprised of contractually obligated future payments due under information technology service, hotel and other service contracts.

Uncertain tax benefits – The Company has excluded $7.5 million in gross unrecognized tax benefits from the table above, $4.2 million of which could be settled during 2023 as a result of certain examinations or expiration of statutes of limitation.

FY 2021 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001309108-22-000020.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2022-03-01. Report date: 2021-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, financial condition at December 31, 2021 and 2020 and, where appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, and notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is presented in the following sections:

•2021 Highlights and Year in Review

•Recent Events

•Our Segments

•Results of Operations

•Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

•Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

2021 Highlights and Year in Review

Our Company’s management regularly monitors key performance indicators to measure our current performance and project future performance. A recurring, more extensive list of key performance indicators is included by segment within the Results of Operations section of this MD&A. Management believes the following key performance indicators by segment were of particular importance to our overall performance in 2021 as they provide enhanced information and data underlying our financial results.

Key Performance IndicatorsIncrease
20212020AmountPercent
Fleet Solutions
Fuel transactions processed (in millions)628.6576.052.69.1%
Payment processing transactions (in millions)515.4463.951.511.1%
Average U.S. fuel price (US$ / gallon)$3.11$2.29$0.8235.8%
Provision for credit losses (in millions)$37.8$56.6$(18.8)(33.2)%
Travel and Corporate Solutions
Purchase volume (in millions)$38,559.3$20,877.2$17,682.184.7%
Health and Employee Benefit Solutions
Purchase volume (in millions)$5,115.7$4,805.4$310.36.5%
Average number of U.S. SaaS accounts (in millions)16.314.51.812.4%

Fleet Solutions

•Fuel transactions processed increased 9 percent from 2020 to 628.6 million in 2021, substantially as a result of increased transactions processed in North America.

•Payment processing transactions, which represents the total number of purchases made by fleets that have a payment processing relationship with WEX, increased 11 percent from 2020 to 515.4 million in 2021, substantially as a result of increased transactions processed in North America.

•The average U.S. price per gallon of fuel was $3.11 during 2021, a 36 percent increase as compared to 2020.

•Provision for credit losses in the Fleet Solutions segment decreased 33 percent to $37.8 million during 2021, as compared to $56.6 million during 2020. Our credit losses were 7.6 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2021, as compared to 16.7 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2020, a decrease of 54 percent primarily due to increased collections efforts in 2021 resulting from initiatives implemented in late 2020 and overall improvements in the collection environment due to the availability of government stimulus monies that helped support customers during 2021.

51

Table of Contents

Travel and Corporate Solutions

•Purchase volume, which represents the total dollar value of all WEX issued transactions that use WEX corporate card products and virtual card products, was $38.6 billion in 2021, an 85 percent increase from 2020, driven primarily by the acquisition of eNett and Optal. Increased volumes in our corporate payment solutions business also contributed in part to the increase year over year.

Health and Employee Benefit Solutions

•Purchase volume, which represents the total U.S. dollar value of all transactions where interchange is earned by WEX, increased $310.3 million in 2021 resulting from continued recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic combined with customer acquisition.

•Average number of SaaS accounts, which represents the number of active Consumer-Directed Health, COBRA, and billing accounts on our U.S. SaaS platforms, grew 12% to 16.3 million in 2021 from 14.5 million in 2020 resulting from existing partner growth, the impact of new partner and employer group enrollments and the acquisition of benefitexpress.

Recent Events

Amended and Restated Credit Agreement

On April 1, 2021, the Company entered into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which amended and restated its 2016 Credit Agreement. Information regarding this amendment and restatement, and its impact on the Company’s operations and financial condition, is included within our Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion later in MD&A.

Asset Acquisition and HSA Investments

On April 1, 2021, WEX Inc. completed the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to certain HSAs from the HealthcareBank division of Bell Bank, which is owned by State Bankshares, Inc. This acquisition increases the Company’s role in its customer-directed healthcare ecosystem and aligns with its growth strategy. On October 14, 2021, under its rights as non-bank custodian, WEX Inc. transferred $960.0 million of custodial cash assets previously held by a third-party depository partner to WEX Bank to be managed and invested. Financial impacts resulting from this acquisition and transfer of assets are reflected within the Company’s Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment. Additional information regarding this acquisition, including the initial cash consideration paid, deferred cash payments and the potential for additional consideration payable is included within our Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion later in MD&A.

Acquisition of remaining interest in WEX Europe Services

On April 13, 2021, the Company acquired the remaining 25 percent non-controlling interest in WEX Europe Services, which operates part of our European Fleet business within our Fleet Solutions segment. This transaction further streamlines the European Fleet business in order to create revenue synergies and manage the associated cost structure. For further information, including purchase price paid, see the discussion of this acquisition within the Liquidity and Capital Resources section later in MD&A.

benefitexpress Acquisition

On June 1, 2021, WEX Inc.’s subsidiary, WEX Health, completed the acquisition of Cirrus Holdings, LLC, the indirect owner of Benefit Express Services, LLC, which is a provider of highly configurable, cloud-based benefits administration technologies and services doing business under the name benefitexpress. The transaction expanded the Company’s role in the healthcare ecosystem, bringing together benefit administration, compliance services, and consumer-directed health and lifestyle spending accounts together to form a full-service benefits marketplace. Financial impacts resulting from this acquisition are reflected within the Company’s Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment. Additional information regarding this acquisition, including the initial cash consideration paid, is included within our Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion later in MD&A. For further information regarding the structure of the benefitexpress Acquisition refer to Item 8 - Note 4, Acquisitions, to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

52

Table of Contents

Our Segments

WEX currently operates in three reportable segments: Fleet Solutions, Travel and Corporate Solutions, and Health and Employee Benefit Solutions. Our Fleet Solutions segment is a leader in fleet vehicle payment processing, transaction processing and information management services specifically designed for the needs of fleets of all sizes from small businesses to federal and state government fleets and over-the-road carriers. Our Travel and Corporate Solutions segment focuses on the complex payment environment of B2B payments, enabling customers to utilize our payments solutions to integrate into their own workflows and manage their accounts payable automation and spend management functions. Our Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segment provides a SaaS platform for consumer directed healthcare benefits and a full-service benefit enrollment solution, bringing together benefits administration, certain compliance services and consumer-directed and benefits accounts. Additionally, the Company serves as a non-bank custodian to certain HSA assets. Our Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segments provided payroll related benefits to customers in Brazil until September 30, 2020, the date of sale of our former subsidiary UNIK S.A.

The Company's segment-allocated operating expenses consist of the following:

Cost of Services

•Processing costs - The Company’s processing costs consist of expenses related to processing transactions, servicing customers and merchants and cost of goods sold related to hardware and other product sales.

•Service fees - The Company incurs costs from third-party networks utilized to deliver payment solutions. Additionally, other third-parties are utilized in performing services directly related to generating revenue.

•Provision for credit losses - Changes in the reserve for credit loss are the result of changes in management’s estimate of the losses in the Company’s outstanding portfolio of receivables, including losses from fraud.

•Operating interest - The Company incurs interest expense on the operating debt obtained to provide liquidity for its short-term receivables or used for investing purposes in fixed income debt securities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The Company has identified those tangible and intangible assets directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue and records the depreciation and amortization associated with those assets under this category. Such assets include processing platforms and related infrastructure, acquired developed technology intangible assets and other similar asset types.

Other Operating Expenses

•General and administrative - General and administrative includes compensation and related expenses for executive, finance and accounting, other information technology, human resources, legal, and other corporate functions. Also included are corporate facilities expenses, certain third-party professional service fees, and other corporate expenses.

•Sales and marketing - The Company’s sales and marketing expenses relate primarily to compensation, benefits, sales commissions, and related expenses for sales, marketing, and other related activities.

•Depreciation and amortization - The depreciation and amortization associated with tangible and intangible assets that are not considered to be directly associated with providing a service that generates revenue are recorded as other operating expenses. Such assets include corporate facilities and information technology assets, and acquired intangible assets other than those included in cost of services.

•Legal settlement - Represents the consideration paid to the sellers of eNett and Optal in excess of the businesses’ fair values. See Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

•Impairment charges - During our annual goodwill assessment completed in the fourth quarter of 2020, we recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge for our WEX Fleet Europe reporting unit. See Item 8 – Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

•Loss on sale of subsidiary - The loss on sale of subsidiary relates to the divestiture of the Company's former Brazilian subsidiary as of the date of sale, September 30, 2020, and the associated write-off of its assets and liabilities.

The Company does not allocate foreign currency gains and losses, financing interest expense, unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, change in fair value of contingent consideration, other income, income taxes, and adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests to our operating segments as management believes these items are unpredictable and can obscure a segment's operating trends and results. In addition, the Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

53

Table of Contents

Impacts from COVID-19 Pandemic

A novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China in January 2020, and subsequently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company took a number of precautionary steps to safeguard its business and employees from the effects of COVID-19 including restricting business travel, temporarily closing offices and canceling participation in various industry events. Additionally, in an effort to rescale the business and safeguard shareholder value, we took certain measures during 2020 to both permanently reduce headcount and furlough employees across our worldwide offices where necessary. Aside from the employee furloughs, which ended during the third quarter of 2020, we continued to suspend most travel for employees during 2021, our office capacity generally remained limited and, since mid-March 2020, our employees have largely continued to work remotely in most geographies.

The spread of COVID-19, and conditions arising in connection with it, including restrictions on businesses and individuals and wider changes in business and customer behavior, had a negative impact on the Company’s businesses during the year ended December 31, 2020. During 2021 we generally saw recovery across our reportable segments with improvements in transaction volumes, revenues and earnings, as further discussed within the following Results of Operations section. As of December 31, 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to evolve and its impact on the business going forward cannot reasonably be foreseen as it will depend on many factors outside of our control.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2021, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Fleet Solutions

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Fleet Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands, except per transaction and per gallon data)20212020AmountPercent
Revenues1, 2
Payment processing revenue$513,365$404,843$108,52227%
Account servicing revenue168,350153,82314,5279%
Finance fee revenue254,306197,30756,99929%
Other revenue175,394162,33713,0578%
Total revenues$1,111,415$918,310$193,10521%
Key performance indicators
Fuel transactions processed3628,559576,02852,5319%
Payment processing transactions4515,416463,86451,55211%
Payment processing $ of fuel5$44,680,341$29,924,535$14,755,80749%
Average U.S. fuel price (US$ / gal)$3.11$2.29$0.8236%
Net payment processing rate61.15%1.35%(0.20)%(15)%
Net late fee rate70.45%0.53%(0.09)%(16)%

1 Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had a $7.6 million favorable impact on Fleet Solutions’ revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, as compared to the prior year.

2 Favorable impact from domestic fuel prices was partially offset by unfavorable European fuel price spreads resulting in an increase of $115.6 million in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to 2020.

3 Fuel transactions processed represents the total number of fuel transactions (funded and unfunded) made by fleets.

4 Payment processing transactions represents the total number of purchases made by fleets that have a payment processing relationship with WEX.

5 Payment processing $ of fuel represents the total dollar value of the fuel purchased by fleets that have a payment processing relationship with WEX.

6 Net payment processing rate represents the percentage of the dollar value of each payment processing transaction that WEX records as revenue from merchants less certain discounts given to customers and network fees.

7 Net late fee rate represents late fee revenue as a percentage of fuel purchased by fleets that have a payment processing relationship with WEX.

Fleet Solutions payment processing revenue increased $108.5 million for 2021, as compared to 2020. Revenues were favorably impacted by higher domestic fuel prices as well as increased volumes from the pandemic-driven lows of 2020.

54

Table of Contents

Fleet Solutions account servicing revenue increased $14.5 million for 2021, as compared to 2020, due to an increase in miscellaneous card fees. Such increases were driven by volume recoveries in the North American fleet and over-the-road businesses, which had been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and increased monthly fees resulting from increased card penetration.

Finance fee revenue is comprised of the following components:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20212020AmountPercent
Finance income$199,590$159,944$39,64625%
Factoring fee revenue54,71637,36317,35346%
Finance fee revenue$254,306$197,307$56,99929%

Finance income primarily consists of late fees charged for receivables not paid within the terms of the customer agreement based upon the outstanding customer receivable balance. This revenue is earned when a customer’s receivable balance becomes delinquent and is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. Changes in the absolute amount of such outstanding balances can be attributed to (i) changes in fuel prices; (ii) customer specific transaction volume; and (iii) customer specific delinquencies. Late fee revenue can also be impacted by (i) changes in late fee rates and (ii) increases or decreases in customer overdue balances. Late fee rates are determined and set based primarily on the risk associated with our customers, coupled with a strategic view of standard rates within our industry. Periodically, we assess the market rates associated within our industry to determine appropriate late fee rates. We consider factors such as the Company’s overall financial model and strategic plan, the cost to our business from customers failing to pay timely and the impact such late payments have on our financial results. These assessments are typically conducted at least annually but may occur more often depending on macro-economic factors.

Finance income increased $39.6 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. Increases in average unpaid invoice balances, attributable primarily to improvement in spend and increased fuel prices, contributed to over half the increase in finance income, as compared to 2020. The remaining increase was driven by higher weighted average late fee rates. For both 2021 and 2020, monthly late fee rates and minimum finance charges ranged up to 9.99 percent and $75, respectively. The weighted average late fee rate, net of related charge-offs, was 6.1 percent and 5.7 percent for 2021 and 2020, respectively. Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions granted to customers experiencing financial difficulties during 2021 or 2020.

The primary source of factoring fee revenue is calculated as a negotiated percentage fee of the receivable balance that we purchase. A secondary source of factoring fee revenue is a flat rate service fee to our customers that request a non-contractual same day funding of the receivable balance. Factoring fee revenue for 2021 increased $17.4 million, as compared to 2020, due to increased shipping demand and increased rates, leading to an increase in the size and volume of factored invoices.

Other revenue increased $13.1 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, due primarily to the increase in transaction processing volumes in our over-the-road business and an increase in domestic servicing revenues due to higher levels of spend as compared to the lows of 2020, which resulted from travel bans and restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

55

Table of Contents

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Fleet Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20212020AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$221,729$200,734$20,99510%
Service fees$7,743$7,216$5277%
Provision for credit losses$37,808$56,620$(18,812)(33)%
Operating interest$6,835$18,360$(11,525)(63)%
Depreciation and amortization$49,862$48,958$9042%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$92,587$92,268$319%
Sales and marketing$175,563$148,478$27,08518%
Depreciation and amortization$78,413$89,642$(11,229)(13)%
Impairment charges$$53,378$(53,378)NM
Operating income$440,875$202,656$238,219118%
Segment adjusted operating income1$557,083$383,502$173,58145%
Segment adjusted operating income margin250.1%41.8%8.3%20%

1 Our CODM evaluates the financial performance of each segment using segment adjusted operating income, which excludes: (i) unallocated corporate expenses; (ii) acquisition-related intangible amortization and other acquisition and divestiture related items; (iii) legal settlement; (iv) impairment charges; (v) loss on sale of subsidiary; (vi) debt restructuring costs; (vii) stock-based compensation; and (viii) other costs. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income (loss) before income taxes. See also Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

2 Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. The 2021 increase in segment adjusted operating income margin reflects revenue growth, higher fuel prices and scale in the expense base.

NM - Not meaningful

Cost of services

Processing costs increased $21.0 million for 2021, as compared to 2020, primarily driven by higher business support costs incurred as a result of the increased volumes experienced, coupled with increased employee compensation costs.

Service fees for 2021 were generally consistent with service fees in 2020.

Provision for credit losses decreased $18.8 million for 2021, as compared to 2020. The reduction in credit losses stemmed from a number of factors including increased collections efforts in 2021 resulting from initiatives implemented in late 2020 and overall improvements in the collection environment due to the availability of government stimulus monies that helped support customers during 2021. We generally measure our credit loss performance by calculating fuel-related credit losses as a percentage of total fuel expenditures on payment processing transactions. This metric for credit losses was 7.6 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2021, as compared to 16.7 basis points of fuel expenditures for 2020.

Operating interest expense decreased $11.5 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. The decrease is primarily due to lower interest rates.

Depreciation and amortization expenses remained generally consistent between 2021 and 2020.

Other operating expenses

General and administrative expenses remained consistent between 2021 and 2020.

Sales and marketing expenses increased $27.1 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. This increase was primarily driven by higher partner commissions due to volume growth and a rise in segment expenses as the Company relaxed prior year cost containment initiatives enacted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

56

Table of Contents

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased $11.2 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, due primarily to lower ongoing amortization over time resulting from the impact of the accelerated method of amortization on certain acquired customer relationships.

Impairment charges consisted of a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $53.4 million for our WEX Fleet Europe reporting unit, which was identified during the annual goodwill assessment completed in the fourth quarter of 2020. No impairment to any of our reporting units was identified during the year ended December 31, 2021. See Item 8 – Note 9, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, of our consolidated financial statements for more information.

Travel and Corporate Solutions

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Travel and Corporate Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands, except per transaction data)20212020AmountPercent
Revenues1
Payment processing revenue$274,092$229,144$44,94820%
Account servicing revenue44,15741,9272,2305%
Finance fee revenue8731,079(206)(19)%
Other revenue5,7965,6901062%
Total revenues$324,918$277,840$47,07817%
Key performance indicators
Payment processing revenue:
Purchase volume2$38,559,264$20,877,234$17,682,03085%
Net interchange rate30.71%1.10%(0.39)%(35)%

1 Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations had a $0.9 million favorable impact on Travel and Corporate Solutions revenues in 2021, compared to the prior year.

2 Purchase volume represents the total dollar value of all WEX-issued transactions that use WEX corporate card products and virtual card products.

3 Net interchange rate represents the percentage of the dollar value of each payment processing transaction that WEX records as revenue from merchants, less certain discounts given to customers and network fees.

Travel and Corporate Solutions total revenue increased $47.1 million for 2021, as compared to 2020. The increase was primarily driven by travel-related revenues attributable to the acquisition of eNett and Optal and increased purchase volumes in our corporate payments business as a result of continued strength in the partner channel. These increases were in part offset by a reduction in net interchange rate due to rate changes for travel-related customers and unfavorable product mix. Additionally, the net interchange rate was driven lower by the impact of an accounting change in the fourth quarter of 2021, which required a shift from gross revenue presentation to net for one customer.

Finance fee revenue was not material to Travel and Corporate Solutions’ operations in 2021 or 2020. Concessions to certain customers experiencing financial difficulties may be granted and are limited to extending the time to pay, placing a customer on a payment plan or granting waivers of late fees. There were no material concessions to customers experiencing financial difficulties during either 2021 or 2020.

57

Table of Contents

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income (loss) and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Travel and Corporate Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20212020AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$69,869$57,735$12,13421%
Service fees$14,851$17,442$(2,591)(15)%
Provision for credit losses$6,967$21,610$(14,643)(68)%
Operating interest$2,251$5,331$(3,080)(58)%
Depreciation and amortization$25,861$20,271$5,59028%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$75,727$31,534$44,193140%
Sales and marketing$102,934$81,958$20,97626%
Depreciation and amortization$24,528$23,341$1,1875%
Legal settlement$$162,500$(162,500)NM
Operating income (loss)$1,930$(143,882)$145,812(101)%
Segment adjusted operating income1$86,860$62,096$24,76440%
Segment adjusted operating income margin226.7%22.3%4.4%20%

1 Our CODM evaluates the financial performance of each segment using segment adjusted operating income, which excludes: (i) unallocated corporate expenses; (ii) acquisition-related intangible amortization and other acquisition and divestiture related items; (iii) legal settlement; (iv) impairment charges; (v) loss on sale of subsidiary; (vi) debt restructuring costs; (vii) stock-based compensation; and (viii) other costs. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income (loss) before income taxes. See also Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

2 Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. The 2021 increase in segment adjusted operating income margin is due to a return of volume in the travel business from historically low levels due to COVID-19, strong growth in our over-the-road corporate payments business, which has a high margin profile, and the divestiture of our Brazil subsidiary.

NM - Not meaningful

Cost of services

Processing costs increased $12.1 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, due primarily to the acquisition of eNett and Optal. This increase was partly offset by a reduction of costs as a result of the sale of the Company’s Brazilian subsidiary during the third quarter of 2020.

Despite significant increases in volumes, service fees decreased $2.6 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. This decrease was due primarily to savings from the conversion to an internal transaction processing platform during 2020, offset by an increase in service fees due to the acquisition of eNett and Optal.

Provision for credit losses decreased $14.6 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. The prior year provision for credit losses included a specific reserve taken on a customer in Brazil prior to the sale of WEX Latin America during the third quarter of 2020. Additionally, the prior year was unfavorably impacted by increased credit losses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Operating interest expense decreased $3.1 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, primarily as a result of lower interest rates.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $5.6 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, due primarily to the acquisition of certain developed technology from eNett and Optal.

Other operating expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $44.2 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. The increase is primarily due to integration costs related to the acquisition of eNett and Optal and a vendor contract termination payment from the first quarter of 2021.

58

Table of Contents

Sales and marketing expenses increased $21.0 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, primarily due to higher relative commission payments associated with corporate payments volumes and the acquisition of eNett and Optal.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $1.2 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, due primarily to the acquisition of certain customer relationships from eNett and Optal, offset in part by lower ongoing amortization over time resulting from the impact of the accelerated method of amortization on certain acquired customer relationships.

Legal settlement expenses were $162.5 million in 2020 due to the settlement of legal proceedings related to the eNett and Optal acquisition, and represents the consideration paid to the sellers of eNett and Optal in excess of the businesses’ fair values.

Health and Employee Benefit Solutions

Revenues

The following table reflects comparative revenue and key operating statistics within Health and Employee Benefit Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20212020AmountPercent
Revenues
Payment processing revenue$71,533$64,904$6,62910%
Account servicing revenue314,351253,70660,64524%
Finance fee revenue14413775%
Other revenue28,18144,972(16,791)(37)%
Total revenues$414,209$363,719$50,49014%
Key performance indicators
Payment processing revenue:
Purchase volume1$5,115,705$4,805,395$310,3106%
Account servicing revenue:
Average number of SaaS accounts216,25714,5121,74512%

1 Purchase volume represents the total U.S. dollar value of all transactions where interchange is earned by WEX.

2 Average number of SaaS accounts represents the number of active Consumer-Directed Health, COBRA, and billing accounts on our SaaS platforms in the U.S.

Payment processing revenue increased $6.6 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, due primarily to increased cardholder enrollment and increased cardholder spend volumes.

Account servicing revenue increased $60.6 million for 2021, as compared to 2020. The increase is primarily due to growth in participants and revenue recognized as a result of the benefitexpress Acquisition. In addition, account servicing revenue for 2021 includes approximately $7 million of revenue resulting from COBRA-related services we provided as a result of the American Rescue Plan Act legislation. These additional COBRA-related service revenues were primarily earned during the second quarter of 2021.

Finance fee revenue was not material to Health and Employee Benefit Solutions’ operations in either 2021 or 2020.

Other revenue decreased $16.8 million in 2021 as compared to 2020. The decrease was primarily due to lower U.S. Health professional services revenue coupled with the absence of revenues associated with the Company’s former WEX Latin America business, which was sold during the third quarter of 2020. These decreases were offset in part by interest income earned on the investment of HSA deposits received during the fourth quarter of 2021.

59

Table of Contents

Operating Expenses

The following table compares line items within operating income and presents segment adjusted operating income and segment adjusted operating income margin for Health and Employee Benefit Solutions:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20212020AmountPercent
Cost of services
Processing costs$191,272$160,572$30,70019%
Service fees$30,210$22,631$7,57933%
Provision for credit losses$339$213$12659%
Operating interest$71$119$(48)(40)%
Depreciation and amortization$36,441$35,363$1,0783%
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$38,129$34,599$3,53010%
Sales and marketing$40,581$36,248$4,33312%
Depreciation and amortization$55,436$42,008$13,42832%
Operating income$21,730$31,966$(10,236)(32)%
Segment adjusted operating income1$104,408$96,769$7,6398%
Segment adjusted operating income margin225.2%26.6%(1.4)%(5)%

1 Our CODM evaluates the financial performance of each segment using segment adjusted operating income, which excludes: (i) unallocated corporate expenses; (ii) acquisition-related intangible amortization and other acquisition and divestiture related items; (iii) legal settlement; (iv) impairment charges; (v) loss on sale of subsidiary; (vi) debt restructuring costs; (vii) stock-based compensation; and (viii) other costs. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures” later in this Item 7 for a reconciliation of total segment adjusted operating income to income (loss) before income taxes. See also Item 8 – Note 24, Segment Information, of our consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our segment determination.

2 Segment adjusted operating income margin is calculated by dividing segment adjusted operating income by segment revenue. The 2021 decrease in segment adjusted operating income margin is primarily a result of the benefitexpress Acquisition.

Cost of services

Processing costs increased $30.7 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. The increase was primarily driven by higher costs to support partner growth and increases as a result of the benefitexpress Acquisition.

Service fees increased $7.6 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. This increase was driven by costs associated with COBRA-related services we provided as a result of the American Rescue Plan Act, increased custodial management fees as a result of the April 2021 acquisition of contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to certain HSAs from Bell Bank, and growth in existing partner volumes.

Provision for credit losses and operating interest was not material to Health and Employee Benefit Solutions’ operations in either 2021 or 2020.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $1.1 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, resulting primarily from the amortization of technology assets acquired as part of the benefitexpress Acquisition.

Other operating expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $3.5 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, due primarily to integration costs related to the benefitexpress Acquisition.

Sales and marketing expenses increased $4.3 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, due to in part to the benefitexpress Acquisition and in part to increased segment expenses as the Company relaxed prior year cost containment initiatives enacted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $13.4 million in 2021, as compared to 2020, primarily as a result of the April 2021 acquisition of contractual rights to serve as custodian of certain HSAs and the amortization of customer relationships acquired as part of the benefitexpress Acquisition.

60

Table of Contents

Unallocated corporate expenses

Unallocated corporate expenses represent the portion of expenses relating to general corporate functions including acquisition and divestiture expenses, certain finance, legal, information technology, human resources, administrative and executive expenses and other expenses not directly attributable to a reportable segment.

The following table compares line items within operating income for unallocated corporate expenses:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)
(In thousands)20212020AmountPercent
Other operating expenses
General and administrative$120,435$133,708$(13,273)(10)%
Depreciation and amortization$2,100$2,343$(243)(10)%
Loss on sale of subsidiary$$46,362$(46,362)(100)%

General and administrative expenses decreased $13.3 million for 2021, as compared to 2020, primarily due to a decrease in professional fees and litigation costs associated with the eNett and Optal transaction, offset in part by increased employee compensation and professional fees incurred in connection with the amendment and restatement of our 2016 Credit Agreement.

Depreciation and amortization expense in 2021 remained consistent with that of 2020.

Loss on sale of subsidiary relates to the write-off of the associated assets and liabilities of the Company's former WEX Latin America subsidiary as of the September 30, 2020 sale date.

Non-operating income and expense

The following table reflects comparative results for certain amounts excluded from operating income:

Twelve Months Ended December 31,Change
(In thousands)20212020AmountPercent
Financing interest expense$(128,422)$(157,080)$(28,658)(18)%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration$(40,100)$$(40,100)NM
Other income$3,617$491$3,126637%
Net foreign currency loss$(12,339)$(25,783)$(13,444)(52)%
Net unrealized gain (loss) on financial instruments$39,190$(27,036)$66,226NM
Income tax provision (benefit)$67,807$(20,597)$88,404NM
Net income from non-controlling interests$846$3,466$(2,620)(76)%
Change in value of redeemable non-controlling interest$(135,156)$40,312$(175,468)NM

NM - Not meaningful

Financing interest expense decreased $28.7 million in 2021, as compared to 2020. Financing interest expense in 2020 was unfavorably impacted by financing fees incurred in connection with the eNett and Optal acquisition. Lower interest expense as a result of the redemption of the Company’s Notes in March 2021 was largely offset by having a full year of interest on the Convertible Notes issued in July 2020.

For the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, the Company’s contingent consideration derivative liability associated with WEX Inc.’s April 2021 acquisition of certain contractual rights from Bell Bank to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to certain HSA assets increased as a result of the steepening of the Federal Funds futures curve.

During 2021, the Company recognized other income of $3.6 million resulting from a gain on the sale of a fully impaired equity investment.

61

Table of Contents

Our foreign currency exchange exposure is primarily related to the remeasurement of our cash, receivable and payable balances, including intercompany transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies. During 2021, net foreign currency loss was $12.3 million, as compared to $25.8 million in 2020. The losses in 2021 resulted from the remeasurement of assets and liabilities and losses on intercompany transactions, resulting from the U.S. dollar strengthening relative to numerous major foreign currencies in which we transact. The majority of the 2020 losses were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020, as a result of weakening foreign currencies stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Company incurred unrealized gains on financial instruments of $39.2 million during 2021 primarily due to a reduction in the interest rate swap liabilities driven by a decrease in remaining future settlements, coupled with an increase in the LIBOR forward yield curve. The net unrealized losses on financial instruments during 2020 resulted primarily from a decrease in the LIBOR forward yield curve.

We recorded an income tax provision of $67.8 million for 2021 as compared to an income tax benefit of $20.6 million for 2020. Our effective tax rate was a 33.2 percent provision for 2021 as compared to a 6.8 percent benefit in 2020. The Company's effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 was impacted by the establishment of valuation allowances in 2021 pertaining primarily to deferred tax assets for eNett and Optal and foreign tax credits. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020 was impacted by no income tax benefit being recorded for operating losses generated by WEX Latin America during 2020 through the date of sale, the loss on the sale of WEX Latin America, and the legal settlement. These losses were included as part of the 2020 loss and were determined to be either non-deductible for income tax purposes or required a valuation allowance.

Net income from non-controlling interests relates to our non-controlling interest in the U.S. Health business and our non-controlling interest in WEX Europe Services through April 13, 2021, at which time we purchased the remaining interest in WEX Europe Services. Such amounts were not material to Company operations for 2021 or 2020.

The redemption value of the Company's redeemable non-controlling interest in the U.S. Health business increased during 2021 due to increases in the trailing twelve month net revenues as well as an increase in the market set multiple used to value the non-controlling interest redemption value resulting in expense of $135.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The income recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 was substantially due to a second quarter change in the redemption value resulting from a decline in revenue multiples of peer companies due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Year Ended December 31, 2020, Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2019

Discussion and analysis of the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 is included under the heading “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10–K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC on March 1, 2021.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures

In addition to evaluating the Company’s performance on a GAAP basis, the CODM of the Company uses segment adjusted operating income, a non-GAAP measure, to allocate resources among our operating segments. The Company considers this measure, which excludes unallocated corporate expenses, acquisition-related intangible amortization, other acquisition and divestiture related items, legal settlement, impairment charges, loss on sale of subsidiary, debt restructuring costs, stock-based compensation and other costs integral in evaluating the Company’s performance.

WEX believes that adjusted net income, a non-GAAP measure that similarly excludes all items discussed in the paragraph above except unallocated corporate expenses, and further excludes unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, net foreign currency gains and losses, change in fair value of contingent consideration, debt issuance cost amortization, other adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests, and tax related items, is also integral to the Company’s reporting and planning processes.

Segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income may be useful to investors as a means of evaluating our performance. However, because segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income are non-GAAP measures, they should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, net income, operating income or cash flows from operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP. Segment adjusted operating income and adjusted net income as used by WEX may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies.

Specifically, in addition to evaluating the Company's performance on a GAAP basis, management evaluates the Company's performance on a basis that excludes the above items because:

•Exclusion of the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments, including interest rate swap agreements and investment securities, helps management identify and assess trends in the Company’s underlying

62

Table of Contents

business that might otherwise be obscured due to quarterly non-cash earnings fluctuations associated with these financial instruments. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•Net foreign currency gains and losses primarily result from the remeasurement to functional currency of cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, certain intercompany notes denominated in foreign currencies and any gain or loss on foreign currency hedges relating to these items. The exclusion of these items helps management compare changes in operating results between periods that might otherwise be obscured due to currency fluctuations;

•The change in fair value of contingent consideration, which is related to the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to HSAs, is dependent upon changes in future interest rate assumptions and has no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the Company. Additionally, the non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments on financial instruments are difficult to forecast accurately, making comparisons across historical and future quarters difficult to evaluate;

•The Company considers certain acquisition-related costs, including certain financing costs, investment banking fees, warranty and indemnity insurance, certain integration related expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles, as well as gains and losses from divestitures to be unpredictable, dependent on factors that may be outside of our control and unrelated to the continuing operations of the acquired or divested business or the Company. In addition, the size and complexity of an acquisition, which often drives the magnitude of acquisition-related costs, may not be indicative of such future costs. The Company believes that excluding acquisition-related costs and gains or losses on divestitures facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in our industry;

•Legal settlement represents the consideration paid to the sellers of eNett and Optal in excess of the businesses' fair values, which is nonrecurring and does not reflect future operating expenses resulting from this acquisition;

•The loss on sale of subsidiary relates to the divestiture of our former Brazilian subsidiary as of the date of sale, September 30, 2020, and the associated write-off of its assets and liabilities. As previously discussed, gains and losses from divestitures are considered by us to be unpredictable and dependent on factors that may be outside of our control. The exclusion of these gains and losses are consistent with our practice of excluding other non-recurring items associated with strategic transactions;

•Stock-based compensation is different from other forms of compensation, as it is a non-cash expense. For example, a cash salary generally has a fixed and unvarying cash cost. In contrast, the expense associated with an equity-based award is generally unrelated to the amount of cash ultimately received by the employee, and the cost to the Company is based on a stock-based compensation valuation methodology and underlying assumptions that may vary over time;

•Other costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. This also includes costs related to certain identified initiatives, including technology initiatives, to further streamline the business, improve the Company’s efficiency, create synergies and globalize the Company’s operations, all with an objective to improve scale and efficiency and increase profitability going forward. For 2019, other costs also included amounts related to the remediation of material weaknesses that were identified during the 2018 fiscal year. For the year ended December 31, 2020, other costs also included certain costs incurred in association with the COVID-19 pandemic, including the cost of providing additional health, welfare and technological support to our employees as they work remotely;

•Impairment charges represent non-cash asset write-offs, which do not reflect recurring costs that would be relevant to the Company’s continuing operations. The Company believes that excluding these nonrecurring expenses facilitates the comparison of our financial results to the Company’s historical operating results and to other companies in its industry;

•Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization are unrelated to the continuing operations of the Company. Debt restructuring costs are not consistently occurring and do not reflect expected future operating expense, nor do they provide insight into the fundamentals of current or past operations of our business. In addition, since debt issuance cost amortization is dependent upon the financing method, which can vary widely company to company, we believe that excluding these costs helps to facilitate comparison to historical results as well as to other companies within our industry;

•The adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests, including adjustments to the redemption value of a non-controlling interest, have no significant impact on the ongoing operations of the business;

63

Table of Contents

•The tax related items are the difference between the Company’s GAAP tax provision and a pro forma tax provision based upon the Company’s adjusted net income before taxes as well as the impact from certain discrete tax items. The methodology utilized for calculating the Company’s adjusted net income tax provision is the same methodology utilized in calculating the Company’s GAAP tax provision; and

•The Company does not allocate certain corporate expenses to our operating segments, as these items are centrally controlled and are not directly attributable to any reportable segment.

The following table reconciles net income (loss) attributable to shareholders to adjusted net income attributable to shareholders:

Year ended December 31,
(In thousands)202120202019
Net income (loss) attributable to shareholders$137$(243,638)$99,006
Unrealized (gain) loss on financial instruments(39,190)27,03634,654
Net foreign currency loss12,33925,783926
Change in fair value of contingent consideration40,100
Acquisition-related intangible amortization181,694171,144159,431
Other acquisition and divestiture related items36,91657,78737,675
Legal settlement162,500
Loss on sale of subsidiary46,362
Stock-based compensation76,55065,84147,511
Other costs23,17113,06424,174
Impairment charges53,378
Debt restructuring and debt issuance cost amortization21,76840,06321,004
ANI adjustments attributable to non-controlling interests132,030(42,910)53,035
Tax related items(71,458)(108,086)(74,743)
Adjusted net income attributable to shareholders$414,057$268,324$402,673

The following table reconciles total segment adjusted operating income to income (loss) before income taxes:

64

Table of Contents

Year ended December 31,
(In thousands)202120202019
Segment adjusted operating income
Fleet Solutions$557,083$383,502$485,539
Travel and Corporate Solutions86,86062,096168,786
Health and Employee Benefit Solutions104,40896,76980,283
Total segment adjusted operating income$748,351$542,367$734,608
Reconciliation:
Total segment adjusted operating income$748,351$542,367$734,608
Less:
Unallocated corporate expenses78,21862,93867,982
Acquisition-related intangible amortization181,694171,144159,431
Other acquisition and divestiture related items40,53357,78737,675
Legal settlement162,500
Impairment charges53,378
Loss on sale of subsidiary46,362
Debt restructuring costs6,18553511,062
Stock-based compensation76,55065,84147,511
Other costs23,17113,55525,106
Operating income (loss)$342,000$(91,673)$385,841
Financing interest expense(128,422)(157,080)(134,677)
Net foreign currency loss(12,339)(25,783)(926)
Other income3,617491932
Change in fair value of contingent consideration(40,100)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on financial instruments39,190(27,036)(34,654)
Income (loss) before income taxes$203,946$(301,081)$216,516

65

Table of Contents

Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. We continually evaluate our judgments and estimates in determination of our financial condition and operating results. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements and, accordingly, actual results could differ from these estimates, sometimes materially. Critical accounting policies and estimates are defined as those that are both most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and operating results and require management’s most subjective judgments. Our consolidated financial statements are based on the selection and application of critical accounting policies and estimates, the most significant of which are included in the tables below.

Revenue Recognition

DescriptionAssumptions/Approach UsedEffect if Actual Results Differ from Assumptions
The majority of the Company’s revenues are comprised of transaction-based fees, which are generally calculated based on measures such as: (i) percentage of dollar value of volume processed; (ii) number of transactions processed; or (iii) some combination thereof. Interchange income, a fee paid by a merchant bank to the card-issuing bank (the Company) through the interchange network, is earned from the Company’s suite of card products. Interchange fees are set by the credit card providers. The Company has entered into agreements with major oil companies, fuel retailers, vehicle maintenance providers, OTAs and health partners, which provide products and/or services to the Company’s customers. These agreements specify that a transaction is deemed to be captured when the Company has validated that the transaction has no errors and has accepted and posted the data to the Company’s records. Account servicing revenue is primarily comprised of monthly fees charged to cardholders. The Company also recognizes SaaS based service fees in the healthcare market and licensing fees for use of our accounts receivable and accounts payable SaaS platforms. The Company earns revenue on overdue accounts, calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. The Company assesses fees for providing ancillary services, such as information products and services, software development projects and other services sold subsequent to the core offerings. Other revenues also include international settlement fees, fees for overnight shipping, certain customized electronic reporting and customer contact services provided on behalf of certain of the Company’s customers.The Company’s primary performance obligation to merchants is a stand-ready commitment to provide payment and transaction processing services as the merchant requires, which is satisfied over time in daily increments. Within our Travel and Corporate Solutions and Health and Employee Benefit Solutions segments, we provide SaaS services and support, which is satisfied over time in a series of daily increments. Revenue is recognized based on an output method using days elapsed to measure progress as the Company transfers control evenly over each monthly subscription period. The Company enters into contracts with certain large customers or strategic cardholders that provide for fee rebates tied to performance milestones. When such rebates constitute consideration payable to a customer or other parties that purchase services from the customer, they are considered variable consideration and are recorded as a reduction in payment processing revenue in the same period that related interchange income is recognized. Fee rebates made to certain other partners in exchange for customer referrals are recorded as sales and marketing expenses. The Company earns revenue on overdue accounts, which is recognized as revenue at the time the fees are assessed. The Company generally records revenue net, equal to consideration retained, based upon its conclusion that the Company is the agent in its principal versus agent relationships.In preparing the financial statements, management must make estimates related to contractual terms, customer performance and sales volumes to determine the total amounts recorded as deductions, such as rebates and incentives, from revenue. Rebates and incentives are calculated based on estimated performance and the terms of the related business agreements. Management also considers historical results in making such estimates. The actual amounts ultimately paid to the customer may be different from our estimates. Such differences are recorded once they have been determined and have historically not been significant.

66

Table of Contents

Reserve for Credit Losses

DescriptionAssumptions/Approach UsedEffect if Actual Results Differ from Assumptions
The allowance for expected credit losses reflects management’s estimate of uncollectible balances as of the reporting date resulting from credit risk and including fraud losses. The reserve for credit losses reduces the Company’s accounts receivable balances, as reported in the consolidated financial statements, to the net realizable value.The allowance for expected credit losses is primarily calculated by analytical models using actual loss-rate experience, and adjustments, where necessary, for current conditions and forecasts of leading economic indicators correlated to loss-rate trends. Management monitors the credit quality of accounts receivable in making judgments necessary to estimate expected credit losses by analyzing delinquency reports, loss-rate trends, changes in customer payment patterns, economic indicators, recent trends and forecasts, and competitive, legal, and regulatory environments. When such indicators are forecasted to deviate from the current or historical median, the Company qualitatively assesses what impact, if any, the trends are expected to have on the reserve for credit losses. Assumptions regarding expected credit losses are reviewed each reporting period and may be impacted by actual performance of accounts receivable and changes in any of the factors discussed above. Receivables exhibiting elevated credit risk characteristics from homogeneous pools are assessed on an individual basis for expected credit losses. These receivables are assessed for individual expected credit loss estimates based on the occurrence of bankruptcies, disputes, conversations with customers, or other significant credit loss events. Additionally, the allowance for expected credit losses includes fraud losses. Management monitors known and suspected fraudulent activity identified by the Company, as well as fraudulent claims reported by customers, in estimating the reserve for expected fraud losses.Lastly, the allowance includes reserves for waived late fees. The Company earns revenue by assessing monthly finance fees on accounts with overdue balances. These fees are recognized as revenue at the time the fees are assessed. The finance fee is calculated using the greater of a minimum charge or a stated late fee rate multiplied by the outstanding balance that is subject to a late fee charge. On occasion, these fees are waived to maintain relationship goodwill. Charges to other accounts represents the offset against the late fee revenue recognized when the Company establishes a reserve for such waived amounts.To the extent calculated expected credit losses are not indicative of future performance, actual loss experience could differ significantly from management’s judgments and expectations, resulting in either higher or lower future provisions for credit losses, as applicable. As of December 31, 2021, we have an estimated reserve for credit losses, including fraud losses, that is 2.2 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance. An increase or decrease to this reserve by 0.5 percent of the total gross accounts receivable balance would increase or decrease the provision for credit losses by $14.8 million.

67

Table of Contents

Business Combinations, Acquired Intangible Assets and Goodwill

DescriptionAssumptions/Approach UsedEffect if Actual Results Differ from Assumptions
Business combinations are accounted for at fair value. The accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, in determining the estimated fair value for assets and liabilities acquired. An acquisition not meeting the criteria to be accounted for as a business combination is accounted for as an asset acquisition. Asset acquisitions are recorded at purchase price, allocated based on the relative fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities. No goodwill is recorded in an asset acquisition. Goodwill is comprised of the cost of business acquisitions in excess of the fair value assigned to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Acquired intangible assets result from the allocation of the cost of an acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment annually, or when events or changes in the business environment indicate that the carrying value of the reporting units may exceed their fair value. The annual review of goodwill is performed as of October 1 of each year. The Company tests definite-lived intangible assets for impairment if conditions exist that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Such circumstances would include, but are not limited to, a significant decrease in the perceived market price of the intangible, a significant adverse change in the way the asset is being used, or a history of operating or cash flow losses associated with the use of the intangible.The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including projected financial information, effective income tax rates, present value discount factors, and long-term growth expectations. The Company utilizes third-party specialists to assist management with the identification and valuation of intangible assets using customary valuation procedures and techniques. The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test is quantitative. For the reporting units that carry goodwill balances, our impairment test consists of a comparison of each reporting unit’s carrying value to its estimated fair value. A reporting unit, for the purpose of the impairment test, is one level below the operating segment level. We have three reporting segments that are further broken into several reporting units for the impairment review. The estimated fair value for the majority of our reporting units is estimated using a combination of discounted estimated future cash flows and prices for comparable businesses. An appropriate discount rate is used, as well as risk premium for specific business units, based on the Company’s cost of capital or reporting unit-specific economic factors. We generally validate the model through a reconciliation of the fair value of all our reporting units to our overall market capitalization. The assumptions used to estimate the discounted cash flows are based on our best estimates about payment processing fees/interchange rates, sales volumes, costs (including fuel prices), future growth rates, working capital needs, capital expenditures and market conditions over an estimate of the remaining operating period at the reporting unit level. The discount rate at each reporting unit is based on the weighted average cost of capital that is determined by evaluating the risk free rate of return, cost of debt, and expected equity premiums. The Company evaluates its definite-lived intangible assets for impairment under certain circumstances. Such assessment includes considering any negative financial performance, legal, regulatory, contractual or other factors that could affect significant inputs used to determine the fair value of the asset and other relevant entity-specific events such as changes in strategy or customers that could affect significant inputs used in determining fair value. If the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the asset is impaired, then the Company does not perform a quantitative impairment test. If the Company determines that the asset is more likely than not impaired, then a quantitative test is performed comparing the fair value of the asset with its carrying amount and impairment is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. Fair value measurements under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820 – Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, are based on the assumptions of market participants. When determining the fair value of the asset group, entities must consider the highest and best use of the assets from a market-participant perspective. If the Company incorrectly estimates the useful lives of its intangible assets, it would result in inaccurate amortization expense, which may lead to future impairment.Our goodwill resides in multiple reporting units. The profitability of individual reporting units may suffer periodically from downturns in customer demand or other economic factors. Individual reporting units may be more impacted than the Company as a whole. Specifically, during times of economic slowdown, our customers may reduce their expenditures. As a result, demand for the services of one or more of the reporting units could decline, which could adversely affect our operations, cash flow and liquidity and could result in an impairment of goodwill or other intangible assets. Our annual goodwill impairment test performed as of October 1, 2021 indicated excesses of estimated fair value over the respective carrying values by amounts ranging from approximately $26 million to $3.7 billion. Although no reporting units are deemed at risk of impairment as of December 31, 2021, there exists the potential for future impairments should actual results deteriorate versus our current expectations. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $4.6 billion on its consolidated balance sheet related to goodwill and intangible assets of acquired entities. The Company did not record any goodwill impairments during the years ended December 31, 2021 or 2019. During our annual goodwill impairment test performed as of October 1, 2020, we determined that the reduced volumes attributable in part to COVID-19, had a significant impact on the fair value of the WEX Fleet Europe reporting unit (the 2019 Go Fuel Card acquisition). Based on the carrying value of this reporting unit exceeding its fair value, the Company recorded a $53.4 million goodwill impairment charge during the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company did not record any impairments of other intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, or 2019.

68

Table of Contents

Income Taxes

DescriptionAssumptions/Approach UsedEffect if Actual Results Differ from Assumptions
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, we calculate income tax expense (benefit) based on our interpretation of the tax laws in the various jurisdictions where we conduct business. This requires us to estimate current tax obligations and to assess temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities. These differences result in long-term deferred tax assets and liabilities, the net amount of which we show as a line item on the consolidated balance sheet. All or a portion of the benefit of income tax positions is recognized only when we have made a determination that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, based upon the technical merits of the position and other factors. For tax positions that are determined to be more likely than not sustained upon examination, the tax benefit recognized is the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We must also assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent we believe that realization is not more likely than not, we establish a valuation allowance. When we establish a valuation allowance or increase this allowance, we generally record a corresponding income tax expense in the consolidated statement of operations in the period of the change. Conversely, to the extent circumstances indicate that realization is more likely than not, the valuation allowance is decreased to the amount realizable, which generates an income tax benefit.Management must make judgments to determine income tax expense (benefit), deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance to be recorded against deferred tax assets. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Changes in our estimates occur periodically due to changes in tax rates, changes in business operations, implementation of tax planning strategies, the expiration of relevant statutes of limitations, resolution with taxing authorities of uncertain tax positions and newly enacted statutory, judicial and regulatory guidance. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining valuation allowances. In evaluating the ability to recover deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence including past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses in the most recent years, forecasted earnings, future taxable income, and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. In establishing a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, assumptions are made in determining whether, and to what extent, a tax position may be sustained. It requires significant management judgment regarding applicable statutes and their related interpretation as they apply to our particular facts and circumstances.Although we believe that our income tax related judgments and estimates are reasonable, it is possible that our actual results could be different than what we expected, and we may be exposed to a material change in our total income tax expense, tax-related balances, or valuation allowances. Upon income tax audit, any unfavorable tax settlement may require use of our cash and result in an increase in our effective tax rate in the period of settlement. A favorable tax settlement could be recognized as a reduction in our effective tax rate in the period of settlement.

Recently Adopted and New Accounting Standards

We early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021. This standard simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts in an entity’s own equity. Among other changes, this standard removes from GAAP the liability and equity separation model for convertible instruments with a cash conversion feature. Instead, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt unless (1) a convertible debt instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. The standard also requires the application of the if-converted method to calculate the impact of convertible instruments on diluted earnings per share. See Item 8 – Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in this report for further discussion of the impact the adoption of this new accounting standard has had on our consolidated financial statements.

See Item 8 – Note 2, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for recently issued accounting standards that have not yet been adopted.

69

Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of the date of this filing, we believe that the Company has the ability to meet its foreseeable obligations given our cash generating capabilities, financial condition and operations, and access to available funding sources. The table below summarizes our primary sources and uses of cash:

Sources of cashUse of cash1
•Borrowings and availability on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement•Convertible Notes•Deposits•Borrowed federal funds•Participation debt•Accounts receivable factoring and securitization arrangements•Payments on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement•Payments on maturities and withdrawals of deposits•Payments on borrowed federal funds•Working capital needs of the business•Capital expenditures

1 Our long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and various facilities lease agreements.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash activities:

Year ended December 31,
(In thousands)202120202019
Net cash provided by operating activities$150,398$857,019$663,171
Net cash used for investing activities$(1,601,106)$(329,086)$(990,614)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities$1,403,269$(179,256)$749,773

Operating Activities

We fund a customer’s entire receivable as part of our fleet and certain of our travel payment processing transactions, while the revenue generated by these transactions is only a small percentage of that amount. Consequently, cash flows from operations are impacted significantly by changes in accounts receivable and accounts payable balances, which directly impact our capital resource requirements.

•Cash provided by operating activities for 2021 decreased $706.6 million as compared to the prior year, substantially due to an increase in accounts receivable balances, which was partially offset by a corresponding increase in accounts payable and accrued expense balances. Given that the Company finances the majority of domestic Fleet Solutions and Travel and Corporate Solutions operations through WEX Bank, operating cash flows were negatively impacted by volume and domestic fuel price increases during 2021, whereas in 2020, operating cash flows were positively impacted by a decrease in volumes and domestic fuel prices caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

•Cash provided by operating activities for 2020 increased $193.8 million as compared to the prior year, resulting from increased collections on accounts receivable offset in part by a reduction in payables.

Investing Activities

•Cash used for investing activities for 2021 increased $1,272.0 million as compared to the prior year, primarily resulting from the purchase of $994.0 million of available-for-sale debt securities and from $558.8 million of payments made for acquisitions, including the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian of HSAs from Bell Bank and the benefitexpress Acquisition.

•Cash used for investing activities for 2020 decreased $661.5 million as compared to the prior year. The Company completed one acquisition during 2020 with associated payments of $220.7 million, net of cash acquired, as compared to four acquisitions completed during 2019.

Financing Activities

•Cash provided by financing activities during 2021 totaled $1,403.3 million, due primarily to an increase in deposits of $1,620.3 million. The early redemption of the Company’s $400.0 million of Notes, as further described within Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, was substantially offset by additional term loan borrowings of $49.2 million, net of quarterly repayments, and net borrowings of $119.8 million against our revolving credit facility.

70

Table of Contents

•Cash used for financing activities during 2020 was $179.3 million as compared to cash provided by financing activities during 2019 of $749.8 million. The decrease of $929.0 million is substantially due to a reduction in overall borrowing needs year over year for the funding of acquisitions.

Liquidity

In general, the Company’s trade receivables provide for payment terms of 30 days or less. Receivables not paid within the terms of the agreement are generally subject to late fees based upon the outstanding receivable balance. The Company extends revolving credit to certain small fleets. These accounts are also subject to late fees, and balances that are not paid in full are subject to interest charges based on a revolving balance. The Company had approximately $93.7 million and $60.2 million of receivables with revolving credit balances as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

At December 31, 2021, approximately 98 percent of the outstanding balance of $2.9 billion of total trade accounts receivable was 29 days or less past due and approximately 99 percent of the outstanding balance of total trade accounts receivable was 59 days or less past due. The receivables portfolio consists of a large group of homogeneous smaller balances across a wide range of industries. No one customer receivable balance represented 10 percent or more of the outstanding receivables balance at December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.

Our short-term cash requirements consist primarily of funding the working capital needs of our business, payments on maturities and withdrawals of deposits, payments on borrowed federal funds, required capital expenditures, repayments on our credit facility, interest payments on our credit facility and other operating expenses. WEX Bank can fund our short-term domestic cash requirements through the issuance of deposits and borrowed federal funds. Any remaining cash needs are primarily funded through operations, our borrowings and availability under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, our participation debt and our accounts receivable factoring and securitization arrangements. Our long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and various facilities lease agreements.

Undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries of the Company amounted to $133.0 million at December 31, 2021. The Company continues to maintain its indefinite reinvestment assertion for its investments in foreign subsidiaries except for any historical undistributed earnings and future earnings for WEX Australia. Upon distribution of the foreign subsidiaries’ earnings in which the Company continues to assert indefinite reinvestment, the Company would be subject to withholding taxes payable to foreign countries, where applicable, but would generally have no further federal income tax liability.

Earnings outside of the United States are accompanied by certain financial risks, such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may reduce the reported value of our foreign currency revenues, net of expenses and cash flows. We cannot predict changes in currency exchange rates, the impact of currency exchange rate changes nor the degree to which we will be able to manage the impact of currency exchange rate changes.

Deposits and Borrowed Federal Funds

WEX Bank’s regulatory status enables it to raise capital to fund the Company’s working capital requirements by issuing deposits, subject to FDIC rules governing minimum financial ratios, which include risk-based asset and capital requirements. WEX Bank accepts its deposits through: (i) certain customers as required collateral for credit that has been extended (“customer deposits”) and (ii) contractual arrangements for brokered and non-brokered certificate of deposit and money market deposit products. Customer deposits are generally non-interest bearing, certificates of deposit are issued at fixed rates, money market deposits are issued at both fixed and variable rates based on LIBOR or the Federal Funds rate. Deposits are classified based on their contractual maturities. Certificates of deposit and certain fixed term money market deposit products have fixed contractual maturities. Money market deposits without fixed terms may be withdrawn by the holder at any time, although the allowed number of transactions may be limited and notification may be required. Customer deposits are released at the termination of the relationship, net of any customer receivable, or upon reevaluation of the customer’s credit in limited instances.

WEX Bank has issued contractual deposits, including certificates of deposit and certain money market deposits with fixed maturity and interest rates, in various maturities ranging between 9 months and 5 years, with interest rates ranging from 0.12 percent to 3.52 percent as of December 31, 2021, as compared to maturities ranging between 1 year and 5 years and interest rates ranging from 1.35 percent to 3.52 percent as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $1,218.6 million of contractual deposits outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 0.48 percent, compared to $503.4 million of contractual deposits outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 1.81 percent as of December 31, 2020.

WEX Bank has issued interest-bearing money market deposits with interest rates ranging from 0.12 percent to 0.23 percent as of December 31, 2021, as compared to interest rates ranging from 0.12 percent to 0.30 percent as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021, we had approximately $370.8 million of interest-bearing money market deposits at a weighted

71

Table of Contents

average interest rate of 0.20 percent, as compared to $439.9 million of interest-bearing money market deposits at a weighted average interest rate of 0.27 percent as of December 31, 2020.

As of December 31, 2021, all certificates of deposit and money market deposits were in denominations of $250 thousand or less, corresponding to FDIC deposit insurance limits. Interest-bearing money market funds may be withdrawn at any time. We believe that our deposits are paying competitive yields and that there continues to be consumer demand for these instruments.

Customer deposits held were $129.2 million and $116.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In accordance with regulatory requirements, WEX Bank maintains reserves against a percentage of certain customer deposits by keeping balances with the Federal Reserve Bank. There was no required reserve at December 31, 2021 and 2020 due to temporarily relaxed Federal Reserve requirements enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Beginning in October 2021, WEX Bank holds deposits associated with the HSA custodial cash assets managed by WEX Bank through an investment manager. As of December 31, 2021, such HSA deposits totaled $960.0 million and bore a weighted average interest rate of 0.03 percent.

WEX Bank also borrows from uncommitted federal funds lines to supplement the financing of our accounts receivable. Our federal funds lines of credit were $530.0 million and $376.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with $20.0 million of borrowings as of December 31, 2020. There were no outstanding borrowings on federal funds lines at December 31, 2021.

From time to time, WEX Bank utilizes alternative funding sources such as IntraFi Network LLC’s (formerly Promontory Interfinancial Network, LLC) ICS service, which provides for one-way buy transactions among banks for the purposes of purchasing cost-effective variable-rate funding without collateralization. WEX Bank may purchase brokered money market demand accounts and demand deposit accounts in an amount not to exceed $125.0 million through this service. There were no outstanding balances for ICS purchases at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Amended and Restated Credit Agreement

On April 1, 2021, the Company entered into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which amended and restated the 2016 Credit Agreement. As part of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the lenders agreed to (i) increase commitments under the Company’s secured revolving credit facility from $870.0 million to $930.0 million (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), (ii) provide additional senior secured tranche A term loans (the “Tranche A Term Loans”) resulting in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of the Tranche A Term Loans equal to $978.4 million, (iii) re-establish the senior secured tranche B term loans’ aggregate principal at $1,442.0 million (the “Tranche B Term Loans”), (iv) eliminate the 0.75 percent eurocurrency rate floor with respect to the Revolving Credit Facility, and (v) make certain other changes to the previously existing 2016 Credit Agreement, including without limitation, (a) extending the maturity dates for the Tranche A Term Loans and Revolving Credit Facility to April 1, 2026 and the maturity date for the Tranche B Term Loans to April 1, 2028, (b) providing additional flexibility with respect to certain negative covenants, prepayments and other provisions of the Company’s previously existing 2016 Credit Agreement, and (c) revising the Company’s maximum consolidated leverage ratio for all future quarters.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had an outstanding principal amount of $941.7 million on the Tranche A Term Loans, an outstanding principal amount of $1,431.2 million on the Tranche B Term Loans, borrowings of $119.8 million on the Revolving Credit Facility and letters of credit of $51.4 million drawn against the Revolving Credit Facility.

The Revolving Credit Facility and the Tranche A Term Loans bear interest at variable rates, at the Company’s option, plus an applicable margin determined based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio, as determined in accordance with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Tranche B Term Loans bear interest at variable rates, at the Company’s option, plus an applicable margin, which is fixed at 1.25 percent for base rate borrowings and 2.25 percent with respect to eurocurrency rate borrowings. Under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company pays a quarterly commitment fee at a rate per annum ranging from 0.25 percent to 0.50 percent of the daily unused portion of the Revolving Credit Facility, determined based on the consolidated leverage ratio. Prior to maturity, the Tranche A Term Loans and Tranche B Term Loans require scheduled quarterly payments of $12.2 million and $3.6 million, respectively, due on the last day of each March, June, September and December.

72

Table of Contents

Under the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, incremental loans could be made available upon the request of the Company, subject to specified terms and conditions, including receipt of lender commitments. Such incremental loans may not exceed the greater of (x) $375.0 million and (y) 75 percent of consolidated EBITDA, adjusted for certain voluntary prepayments and repurchases of term loans, reductions of commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility, and Incremental Facilities, as defined within the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, established or incurred, or that could be established or incurred without causing the Company’s consolidated secured leverage ratio to exceed 4.00 to 1.00.

See Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, for further information with respect to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

Convertible Notes Outstanding

On July 1, 2020, the Company closed on a private placement with Warburg Pincus, pursuant to which the Company issued $310.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its Convertible Senior Notes due 2027. The issuance of the Convertible Notes provided the Company with net proceeds of approximately $299.2 million after original issue discount. The Convertible Notes have a seven-year term and mature on July 15, 2027, unless earlier converted, repurchased or redeemed. Interest on the Convertible Notes is calculated at a fixed rate of 6.5% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year. At the Company's option, interest is either payable in cash, through accretion to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes, or a combination of cash and accretion. The Company has paid, and expects to continue to pay interest in cash as it comes due.

The Convertible Notes may be converted at the option of the holders at any time prior to maturity, or earlier redemption or repurchase of the Convertible Notes, based upon an initial conversion price of $200 per share of common stock. The Company may settle conversions of Convertible Notes, at its election, in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock, or a combination thereof. The initial conversion price is subject to adjustments customary for convertible debt securities and a weighted average adjustment in the event of issuances of equity and equity linked securities by the Company at prices below the then applicable conversion price for the Convertible Notes or the then market price of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain exceptions. It is the Company’s intention to settle all conversions of the Convertible Notes in shares of the Company’s common stock.

The Company will have the right, at any time after July 1, 2023, to redeem the Convertible Notes in whole or in part if the closing price of WEX’s common stock is at least 200% of the conversion price of the Convertible Notes for 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) out of any 30 consecutive trading day period prior to the time the Company delivers a redemption notice (including at least one of the five trading days immediately preceding the last day of such 30 trading day period), subject to the right of holders of the Convertible Notes to convert its Convertible Notes prior to the redemption date.

Debt Covenants

The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants that, subject to certain customary exceptions, limit the Company and its subsidiaries’ including, in certain limited circumstances, WEX Bank and the Company’s other regulated subsidiaries, ability to, among other things (i) incur additional debt, (ii) pay dividends or make other distributions on, redeem or repurchase capital stock, or make investments or other restricted payments, (iii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (iv) dispose of assets or issue stock of restricted subsidiaries or regulated subsidiaries, (v) create liens on assets, or (vi) effect a consolidation or merger or sell all, or substantially all, of the Company’s assets. Additionally, the indenture governing the Convertible Notes contains customary negative and affirmative covenants that, subject to certain customary exceptions, limit the Company and its subsidiaries', but excluding WEX Bank and the Company's other regulated subsidiaries, ability to, among other things, incur additional debt. These covenants are subject to important exceptions and qualifications.

The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also requires, solely for the benefit of the lenders of the Tranche A Term Loan and lenders under the Revolving Credit Facility, that the Company maintain at the end of each fiscal quarter the following financial ratios:

•a consolidated interest coverage ratio (as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) of no less than 3.00 to 1.00; and

•a consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) of no more than 6.00 to 1.00 for the quarter ended December 31, 2021, 5.75 to 1.00 for the quarter ending March 31, 2022, 5.50 to 1.00 for the quarter ending June 30, 2022, 5.25 to 1.00 for the quarter ending September 30, 2022, 5.00 to 1.00 for the quarters ending December 31, 2022 through September 30, 2023, and 4.75 to 1.00 thereafter.

73

Table of Contents

The indenture governing the Convertible Notes includes a debt incurrence covenant that restricts the Company from incurring certain indebtedness, including disqualified stock and preferred stock issued by the Company or its subsidiaries, subject to customary exceptions, including if, after giving effect to any such proposed incurrence or issuance, and the receipt and application of the proceeds therefrom, the ratio of (x) the Company’s consolidated EBITDA for the most recent four fiscal quarters for which financial statements are available, to (y) the Company’s consolidated fixed charges for such period would be greater than 1.5:1.0. The indenture governing the Convertible Notes also contains other customary terms and covenants, including customary events of default.

We were in compliance with all material covenants and restrictions at December 31, 2021.

Participation Debt

From time to time, WEX Bank enters into participation agreements with third-party banks to fund customers’ balances that exceed WEX Bank’s lending limit to individual customers. Associated unsecured borrowings generally carry a variable interest rate set according to an applicable reference rate plus a margin of 225 to 250 basis points as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding participation agreements for the borrowing of up to $45.0 million through December 31, 2022 and up to $35.0 million thereafter through December 31, 2023. There was $1.5 million borrowed against these participation agreements as of December 31, 2021 with an average interest rate of 2.54 percent. There were no amounts borrowed against participation agreements as of December 31, 2020.

Australian Securitization Facility

The Company maintains a securitized debt agreement with MUFG Bank, Ltd., which currently extends through April 2022. Under the terms of the agreement, each month on a revolving basis, the Company sells certain of its Australian receivables to the Company’s Australian Securitization Subsidiary, which in turn uses the receivables as collateral to issue asset-backed commercial paper (“securitized debt”). The amount collected on the securitized receivables is restricted to pay the securitized debt and is not available for general corporate purposes.

The Company pays a variable interest rate on the outstanding balance of the securitized debt, based on the Australian Bank Bill Rate plus an applicable margin. The interest rate was 0.91 percent and 0.97 percent as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company had securitized debt under this facility of approximately $70.1 million and $62.6 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

European Securitization Facility

Under the terms of the Company’s securitized debt agreement with MUFG Bank, Ltd. through April 2022, each month on a revolving basis, the Company sells certain of its receivables from selected European countries to its European Securitization Subsidiary, which in turn uses the receivables as collateral to issue securitized debt. The amount collected on the securitized receivables is restricted to pay the securitized debt and is not available for general corporate purposes. The interest rate was 0.92 percent and 0.98 percent as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company had $30.8 million and $23.4 million of securitized debt under this facility as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

WEX Bank Accounts Receivable Factoring

WEX Bank is party to a receivables purchase agreement with an unrelated third-party financial institution to sell certain of our trade accounts receivable under non-recourse transactions, which extends through August 2022, after which the agreement can be renewed for successive one-year periods assuming WEX provides advance written notice that is accepted by the purchaser. This agreement is an off-balance sheet arrangement. WEX Bank continues to service the receivables post-transfer with no participating interest. The Company obtained a true-sale opinion from an independent attorney, which states that the factoring agreement provides legal isolation upon WEX Bank bankruptcy or receivership under local law. As such, transfers under this arrangement are treated as a sale. Proceeds from the sale are reported net of negotiated discount rates and are accounted for as a reduction in trade accounts receivable because effective control of the receivables is transferred to the buyer. The Company sold approximately $2.9 billion and $4.1 billion of trade accounts receivable under this arrangement during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Proceeds from the sales, which are reported net of a negotiated discount rate, are recorded in operating activities within our consolidated statement of cash flows. The loss on factoring was insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

WEX Europe Services Accounts Receivable Factoring

WEX Europe Services is party to a factoring arrangement with an unrelated third-party financial institution (the “Purchasing Bank”) to sell certain of its customer accounts receivable in order to accelerate the collection of the Company’s cash and reduce internal costs, thereby improving liquidity. This agreement is an off-balance sheet arrangement. The agreement

74

Table of Contents

automatically renews each January 1 unless either party gives not less than 90 days written notice of their intention to withdraw. Under this arrangement, the Purchasing Bank establishes a credit limit for each customer account. The factored receivables are without recourse to the extent that the customer balances are maintained at or below the established credit limit. For customer receivable balances in excess of the Purchasing Bank’s credit limit, the Company maintains the risk of default. The Company obtained a true sale opinion from an independent attorney, which states that the factoring agreement provides legal isolation upon WEX Europe Services bankruptcy or receivership under local law and creates a sale of receivables for amounts transferred both below and above the established credit limits. As a result, the Purchasing Bank is deemed the purchaser of these receivables and is entitled to enforce payment of these amounts from the debtor. Accordingly, transfers under this arrangement are treated as sales and accounted for as reductions in trade accounts receivable because effective control of the receivables is transferred to the buyer. The Company continues to service these receivables post-transfer with no participating interest.

Available capacity is dependent on the level of our trade accounts receivable eligible to be sold and the financial institution’s willingness to purchase such receivables. As such, this factoring arrangement can be reduced or eliminated at any time due to market conditions and changes in the credit worthiness of our customers, which would negatively impact our liquidity.

Proceeds from the sales, which are recorded net of applicable costs, are recorded in operating activities within our consolidated statement of cash flows. The Company sold approximately $566.4 million and $452.2 million of receivables under this arrangement during the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Charge-backs on balances in excess of the credit limit during the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were insignificant.

WEX Bank

WEX Bank, is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the FDIC and the Utah DFI. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, WEX Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of WEX Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items. WEX Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could limit our business activities and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Qualitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require WEX Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios as defined in the regulations. As of December 31, 2021, WEX Bank met all the requirements to be deemed “well-capitalized” pursuant to FDIC regulation and for purposes of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.

Notes Redemption

On February 11, 2021, the Company provided irrevocable notice to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., of its intent to redeem its outstanding $400 million 4.75 percent senior secured notes due February 1, 2023. On March 15, 2021, the Company redeemed such senior secured notes outstanding for a redemption price of $400 million plus accrued and unpaid interest through the redemption date.

Other Liquidity Matters

At December 31, 2021, we had variable-rate borrowings of $2.5 billion under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. We periodically review our projected borrowings under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the current interest rate environment in order to ascertain whether interest rate swaps should be used to reduce our exposure to interest rate volatility. As of December 31, 2021, we maintained certain interest rate swap contracts that mature at various times through May 2026. Collectively, these derivative contracts are intended to economically hedge the LIBOR component of future interest payments associated with our variable rate borrowings under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. See Item 8 – Note 12, Derivative Instruments, and Item 8 – Note 18, Fair Value, for more information

The Company’s long-term cash requirements consist primarily of amounts owed on the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and various facility lease agreements.

As of December 31, 2021, we had $51.4 million in letters of credit outstanding, which are off-balance sheet arrangements, and $758.8 million in remaining borrowing capacity under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, subject to the covenants as described above. The letters of credit are issued by us in favor of third-party beneficiaries and primarily related to facility lease agreements and virtual card and fuel payment processing activity at our foreign subsidiaries. These irrevocable letters of credit are unsecured and are renewed on an annual basis unless the Company chooses not to renew them.

75

Table of Contents

We have entered into commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of business. We had approximately $7.5 billion of unused commitments to extend credit at December 31, 2021, as part of established customer agreements, which are off-balance sheet arrangements. These amounts may increase or decrease during 2022 as we increase or decrease credit to customers, subject to appropriate credit reviews, as part of our lending product agreements. Many of these commitments are not expected to be utilized. We can adjust most of our customers’ credit lines at our discretion at any time. Therefore, we do not believe total unused credit available to customers and customers of strategic relationships represents future cash requirements. We believe that we can adequately fund actual cash requirements related to these credit commitments through the issuance of certificates of deposit, borrowed federal funds and other debt facilities.

We currently have authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to $150 million of our common stock through September 30, 2025, subject to earlier termination by the board of directors. The program is funded either through our future cash flows or through borrowings on our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Share repurchases may be made through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades or otherwise, and may be commenced or suspended at any time. The Company’s management, based on its evaluation of market and economic conditions and other factors, determines the timing and number of shares repurchased. We did not purchase any shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021. The dollar value of shares that were available to be purchased under our share repurchase program remained at $150 million as of December 31, 2021.

Contractual Obligations

The table below summarizes the estimated amounts of payments under contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021:

Payments Due By Period
(In thousands)TotalLess than 1 Year1-3 Years3-5 YearsMore Than 5 Years
Operating lease obligations(1)$120,310$19,987$28,239$18,727$53,357
Long-term debt obligations:
Term loans2,372,92763,342126,683823,8171,359,085
Interest payments on term loans(2)278,92252,826101,54584,81039,741
Revolving line-of-credit(7)119,800119,800
Interest payments on revolving line-of-credit(8)10,7142,5215,0423,151
Convertible Notes310,000310,000
Interest payments on Convertible Notes(3)120,90020,15040,30040,30020,150
Other commitments:
Contractual deposits(4)1,218,641566,427422,723229,491
Interest on contractual deposits8,1823,7423,929511
Minimum volume purchase commitments(5)34,74311,35223,391
Deferred cash payments on acquisition(6)37,50037,500
Other (9)19,13610,3918,745
Total$4,651,775$750,738$798,097$1,320,607$1,782,333

(1) Operating lease obligations – Primarily represents undiscounted cash flows for remaining lease payments under long-term operating leases for office space. See Item 8 – Note 15, Leases, for more information regarding our leases.

(2) Interest payments on term loans – Interest payments are based on effective rates and credit spreads in effect as of December 31, 2021. See Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, for more information.

(3) Interest payments on Convertible Notes – Interest payments are based on the coupon rate and assuming that the Company will elect to settle all interest payments in cash. See Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, for more information.

(4) Contractual deposits – Includes certificates of deposit and certain money market deposits, which have a fixed maturity and interest rate. See Item 8 – Note 11, Deposits, for more information.

(5) Minimum volume purchase commitments – Two of the Company’s subsidiaries are required to purchase a minimum amount of fuel from suppliers on an annual basis. If the minimum requirement is not fulfilled, they are subject to penalties based on the amount of spend below the minimum annual volume commitment. The table above represents the Company’s annual penalty assuming we purchase no fuel under these commitments after December 31, 2021.

(6) Deferred cash payments on acquisition – Relates to deferred cash payments owed pursuant to the acquisition of certain contractual rights to serve as custodian or sub-custodian to certain HSAs from Bell Bank. The purchase agreement also includes potential additional consideration payable annually by WEX that is calculated on a quarterly basis and is contingent, and based, upon any future increases in the Federal Funds rate. The continent payment period began on July 1, 2021 and extends through the earlier of December 31, 2030, or the date when the cumulative amount paid as contingent consideration equals $225.0 million. Given the timing of contingent consideration is dependent on future changes in interest rates and therefore uncertain, the table above does not include any amounts related to this contingent consideration. See Item 8 – Note 4, Acquisitions, for more information.

76

Table of Contents

(7) Revolving line-of-credit – Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Credit Facility can be rolled forward with applicable interest rate resets in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement through the April 1, 2026 maturity of this facility. See Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, for more information.

(8) Interest payments on revolving line-of-credit – Interest payments are based on effective rates and credits spreads in effect as of December 31, 2021, assuming that the balance on the revolving line-of-credit as of December 31, 2021 remains constant over the life of the agreement. See Item 8 – Note 16, Financing and Other Debt, for more information.

(9) Other – This amount is comprised of contractually obligated future payments due under information technology service and hotel contracts.

Uncertain tax benefits – The Company has excluded $5.0 million in gross unrecognized tax benefits from the table above, $4.4 million of which could be settled during 2022 as a result of certain examinations or expiration of statutes of limitation.