Strategic Education, Inc. (STRA)

CIK: 0001013934. SIC: 8200 Services-Educational Services. Latest 10-K as of: 2026-02-27.

SIC breadcrumb: Services > SIC Major Group 82 > SIC 8200 Services-Educational Services

SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1013934. Latest filing source: 0001013934-26-000006.

Selected Fundamentals

Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-27. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001013934.json. Derived margins are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

Flow metrics use full-year FY periods from 10-K/10-K/A filings; balance-sheet metrics use FY-end instants. Missing metrics are omitted rather than fabricated.

Financial Charts

Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-04-23. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001013934.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

Quarterly Charts

Macro Cross-References

• CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
• UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
• FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
• CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
• DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
• DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
• DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
• DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
• T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
• CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
• CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
• CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
• CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
• PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
• PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
• PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
• T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
• U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
• PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
• CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
• EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
• UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
• CE16OV - Employment Level
• ICSA - Initial Claims
• JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
• JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
• GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
• A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
• INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
• TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
• HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
• PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
• RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
• PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
• PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
• M2SL - M2
• BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
• MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
• HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
• RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
• TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
• RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
• TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
• GDP - Gross Domestic Product
• GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
• GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
• PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
• GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
• GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
• FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
• FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
• FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
• MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
• USCONS - All Employees, Construction
• USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
• USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
• USGOVT - All Employees, Government
• AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
• DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
• NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
• BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
• EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
• IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
• IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
• PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand

Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: 0001013934-26-000012.

Extracted between Part I Item 2 and the next Item 3/4 or Part II heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-04-23. Report date: 2026-03-31.

Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain of the statements included in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” as well as elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“Reform Act”). Such statements may be identified by the use of words such as “expect,” “estimate,” “assume,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “may,” “will,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “potential” or similar words, and include, without limitation, statements relating to future enrollment, revenues, revenues per student, earnings growth, operating expenses, and capital expenditures. These statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties. In accordance with the Safe Harbor provisions of the Reform Act, the Company has identified important factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such statements. The assumptions, risks and uncertainties include the pace of student enrollment; our continued compliance with Title IV of the Higher Education Act, and the regulations thereunder, as well as other federal laws and regulations, institutional accreditation standards and state regulatory requirements, legislation and other actions by the U.S. Congress, actions by the current administration, rulemaking and other action by the U.S. Department of Education or other governmental entities, including without limitation action related to Title IV programs, U.S. Department of Education staffing levels, borrower defense to repayment applications, gainful employment or similar measures, 90/10, increased focus by governmental entities on for-profit education institutions, and including actions by governmental entities in Australia and New Zealand; competitive factors; risks associated with the opening of new campuses; risks associated with the offering of new educational programs and adapting to other changes; risks associated with the acquisition of other businesses, including existing educational institutions; risks related to the timing of regulatory approvals; our ability to implement our growth strategy; risks associated with the ability of our students to finance their education in a timely manner; risks associated with cybersecurity incidents, including but not limited to reputational risks and possible liability under U.S. state and federal privacy statutes and legal actions; risks associated with the use of artificial intelligence and related tools; and general economic and market conditions. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Further information about these and other relevant risks and uncertainties may be found in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Additional Information

We maintain a website at http://www.strategiceducation.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our web address is included as an inactive textual reference only. We make available, free of charge through our website, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Background

Strategic Education, Inc. (“SEI,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”) is an education services company that provides access to high-quality education through campus-based and online post-secondary education offerings, as well as through programs to develop job-ready skills for high-demand markets. We operate primarily through our wholly-owned subsidiaries Capella University and Strayer University, both accredited post-secondary institutions of higher education located in the United States, and Torrens University, an accredited post-secondary institution of higher education located in Australia. Our operations also include the Education Technology Services segment, which primarily develops and maintains relationships with employers to build education benefits programs that provide employees access to affordable and industry-relevant training, certificate, and degree programs, including through Workforce Edge, a full-service education benefits administration solution for employers, and Sophia Learning, which offers low-cost online general education-level courses.

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Segments Overview

As of March 31, 2026, we had the following reportable segments:

U.S. Higher Education (“USHE”) Segment

•The USHE segment provides flexible and affordable certificate and degree programs to working adults primarily through Capella University and Strayer University, including the Jack Welch Management Institute MBA, which is an offering of Strayer University. USHE also operates non-degree web and mobile application development courses through Hackbright Academy and Devmountain, which are offerings of Strayer University.

•Capella University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and Strayer University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, both higher education institutional accrediting agencies recognized by the U.S. Department of Education. The USHE segment provides academic offerings both online and in physical classrooms, helping working adult students develop specific competencies they can apply in their workplace.

•In the first quarter of 2026, USHE enrollment decreased 0.8% to 87,165 compared to 87,854 for the same period in 2025.

•Trailing 4-quarter student persistence within USHE was 88.5% in the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to 87.2% for the same period in 2024. Student persistence is calculated as the rate of students continuing from one quarter to the next, adjusted for graduates, on a trailing 4-quarter basis. Student persistence is reported one quarter in arrears. The table below summarizes USHE trailing 4-quarter student persistence for the past 8 quarters.

Q1 2024

Q2 2024

Q3 2024

Q4 2024

Q1 2025

Q2 2025

Q3 2025

Q4 2025

86.9 

%

87.0 

%

86.9 

%

87.2 

%

87.4 

%

87.8 

%

88.3 

%

88.5 

%

•Trailing 4-quarter government provided grants and loans per credit earned within USHE decreased 6.7% as of the end of the fourth quarter of 2025. Government provided grants and loans per credit earned includes all federal loans and grants for students (Title IV hereafter) in our USHE institutions, and is calculated on a trailing 4-quarter basis and reported one quarter in arrears. Title IV per credit earned has been declining as employer-affiliated enrollment has grown, and as more students earn credit through Sophia Learning and other affordable alternative pathways. The table below summarizes the percentage change in USHE trailing 4-quarter Title IV per credit earned for the past 8 quarters.

Q1 2024

Q2 2024

Q3 2024

Q4 2024

Q1 2025

Q2 2025

Q3 2025

Q4 2025

(5.0)

%

(3.8)

%

(2.5)

%

(4.7)

%

(6.2)

%

(7.1)

%

(9.6)

%

(6.7)

%

Education Technology Services (“ETS”) Segment

•Our ETS segment primarily develops and maintains relationships with employers to build education benefits programs that provide employees access to affordable and industry-relevant training, certificate, and degree programs. The employer relationships developed by the ETS segment are an important source of student enrollment for Capella University and Strayer University, and a significant portion of the revenue attributed to the ETS segment is driven by the volume of enrollment derived from these employer relationships. Enrollments attributed to the ETS segment are determined based on a student’s employment status and the existence of a corporate partnership arrangement with SEI. All enrollments attributed to the ETS segment continue to be attributed to the segment until the student graduates or withdraws, even if his or her employment status changes or if the partnership contract expires.

•In the first quarter of 2026, employer affiliated enrollment as a percentage of USHE enrollment was 34.5% compared to 31.2% for the same period in 2025.

•ETS also supports employer partners through Workforce Edge, a platform which provides employers a full-service education benefits administration solution, and Sophia Learning, which offers low-cost online general education-level courses recommended by the American Council on Education for credit at other colleges and universities.

Australia/New Zealand (“ANZ”) Segment

•Torrens University is the only investor-funded university in Australia. Torrens University offers undergraduate, graduate, higher degree by research, and specialized degree courses primarily in five fields of study: business, design and creative technology, health, hospitality, and education. Courses are offered both online and at physical campuses. Torrens University is registered with the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (“TEQSA”), the regulator for higher education providers and universities throughout Australia, as an Australian University that is authorized to self-accredit its courses.

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•Think Education is a vocational registered training organization and accredited higher education provider in Australia. Think Education delivers education services at several campuses in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Adelaide as well as through online study. Think Education and its colleges are accredited in Australia by the TEQSA and the Australian Skills Quality Authority, the regulator for vocational education and training organizations that operate in Australia.

•Media Design School at Strayer (“MDS”) is a private training establishment for creative and technology qualifications in New Zealand. MDS offers industry-endorsed courses in 3D animation and visual effects, game art, game programming, graphic and motion design, digital media, artificial intelligence, and creative advertising. MDS is accredited in New Zealand by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority, the organization responsible for the quality assurance of non-university tertiary training providers.

•In the first quarter of 2026, ANZ enrollment decreased 2.5% to 19,570 compared to 20,082 for the same period in 2025.

We believe we have the right operating strategies in place to provide the most direct path between learning and employment for our students. We are constantly innovating to differentiate ourselves in our markets and drive growth by supporting student success, producing affordable degrees, optimizing our comprehensive marketing strategy, serving a broader set of our students’ professional needs, and establishing new growth platforms. The talent of our faculty and employees, supported by market leading technology, enable these strategies. We believe our strategy will allow us to continue t

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Latest 10-K MD&A

Extracted between Item 7 and the next Item 7A/8 heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-02-27. Report date: 2025-12-31.

Item 7.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, the “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and the other information appearing elsewhere, or incorporated by reference, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Background

Strategic Education, Inc. (“SEI,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or “the Company”) is an education services company that provides access to high-quality education through campus-based and online post-secondary education offerings, as well as through programs to develop job-ready skills for high-demand markets. We operate primarily through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Capella University and Strayer University, both accredited post-secondary institutions of higher education located in the United

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States, and Torrens University, an accredited post-secondary institution of higher education located in Australia. Our operations also include the Education Technology Services segment, which primarily develops and maintains relationships with employers to build education benefits programs that provide employees access to affordable and industry-relevant training, certificate, and degree programs, including through Workforce Edge, a full-service education benefits administration solution for employers, and Sophia Learning, which offers low-cost online general education-level courses.

Segments Overview

As of December 31, 2025, we had the following reportable segments:

U.S. Higher Education (“USHE”) Segment

•The USHE segment provides flexible and affordable certificate and degree programs to working adults primarily through Capella University and Strayer University, including the Jack Welch Management Institute MBA, which is an offering Strayer University. USHE also operates non-degree web and mobile application development courses through Hackbright Academy and Devmountain, which are offerings of Strayer University.

•Capella University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and Strayer University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, both higher education institutional accrediting agencies recognized by the Department of Education. The USHE segment provides academic offerings both online and in physical classrooms, helping working adult students develop specific competencies they can apply in their workplace.

•In 2025, USHE average total student enrollment decreased 1.4% to 86,285 compared to 87,550 in 2024.

•Trailing 4-quarter student persistence within USHE was 88.3% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to 86.9% for the same period in 2024. Student persistence is calculated as the rate of students continuing from one quarter to the next, adjusted for graduates, on a trailing 4-quarter basis. Student persistence is reported one quarter in arrears. The table below summarizes USHE trailing 4-quarter student persistence for the past 8 quarters.

Q4 2023

Q1 2024

Q2 2024

Q3 2024

Q4 2024

Q1 2025

Q2 2025

Q3 2025

87.0 

%

86.9 

%

87.0 

%

86.9 

%

87.2 

%

87.4 

%

87.8 

%

88.3 

%

•Trailing 4-quarter government provided grants and loans per credit earned within USHE decreased 9.6% as of the end of the third quarter of 2025. Government provided grants and loans per credit earned includes all federal loans and grants for students (Title IV hereafter) in our USHE institutions, and is calculated on a trailing 4-quarter basis and reported one quarter in arrears. Title IV per credit earned has been declining as employer affiliated enrollment has grown, and as more students earn credit through Sophia Learning and other affordable alternative pathways. The table below summarizes the percentage change in USHE trailing 4-quarter Title IV per credit earned for the past 8 quarters.

Q4 2023

Q1 2024

Q2 2024

Q3 2024

Q4 2024

Q1 2025

Q2 2025

Q3 2025

(7.4)

%

(5.0)

%

(3.8)

%

(2.5)

%

(4.7)

%

(6.2)

%

(7.1)

%

(9.6)

%

Education Technology Services (“ETS”) Segment

•Our ETS segment primarily develops and maintains relationships with employers to build education benefits programs that provide employees access to affordable and industry-relevant training, certificate, and degree programs. The employer relationships developed by the ETS segment are an important source of student enrollment for Capella University and Strayer University, and a significant portion of the revenue attributed to the ETS segment is driven by the volume of enrollment derived from these employer relationships. Enrollments attributed to the ETS segment are determined based on a student’s employment status and the existence of a corporate partnership arrangement with SEI. All enrollments attributed to the ETS segment continue to be attributed to the segment until the student graduates or withdraws, even if his or her employment status changes or if the partnership contract expires.

•In 2025, average employer affiliated enrollment as a percentage of USHE average total student enrollment was 32.3% compared to 29.6% in 2024.

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•ETS also supports employer partners through Workforce Edge, a platform which provides employers a full-service education benefits administration solution, and Sophia Learning, which offers low-cost online general education-level courses recommended by the American Council on Education for credit at other colleges and universities.

Australia/New Zealand (“ANZ”) Segment

•Torrens University is the only investor-funded university in Australia. Torrens University offers undergraduate, graduate, higher degree by research, and specialized degree courses primarily in five fields of study: business, design and creative technology, health, hospitality, and education. Courses are offered both online and at physical campuses. Torrens University is registered with the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (“TEQSA”), the regulator for higher education providers and universities throughout Australia, as an Australian University that is authorized to self-accredit its courses.

•Think Education is a vocational registered training organization and accredited higher education provider in Australia. Think Education delivers education services at several campuses in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Adelaide as well as through online study. Think Education and its colleges are accredited in Australia by the TEQSA and the Australian Skills Quality Authority, the regulator for vocational education and training organizations that operate in Australia.

•Media Design School at Strayer (“MDS”) is a private training establishment for creative and technology qualifications in New Zealand. MDS offers industry-endorsed courses in 3D animation and visual effects, game art, game programming, graphic and motion design, digital media, artificial intelligence, and creative advertising. MDS is accredited in New Zealand by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (“NZQA”), the organization responsible for the quality assurance of non-university tertiary training providers. On September 8, 2025, MDS became a wholly owned subsidiary and international additional location of Strayer University and is included within Strayer University’s Middle States Commission on Higher Education accreditation. NZQA approved the transaction and MDS continues to operate as a New Zealand private tertiary institution. MDS continues to be part of our ANZ reportable segment.

•In 2025, Australia/New Zealand average total student enrollment decreased 1.8% to 19,232 compared to 19,585 in 2024.

We believe we have the right operating strategies in place to provide the most direct path between learning and employment for our students. We are constantly innovating to differentiate ourselves in our markets and drive growth by supporting student success, producing affordable degrees, optimizing our comprehensive marketing strategy, serving a broader set of our students’ professional needs, and establishing new growth platforms. The talent of our faculty and employees, supported by market leading technology, enable these strategies. We believe our strategy will allow us to continue to deliver high quality, affordable education, resulting in continued growth over the long-term. We will continue to invest in this strategy to strengthen the foundation and future of our business.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” discusses our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments related to its allowance for credit losses; income tax provisions; the useful lives of property and equipment; redemption rates for scholarship programs and valuation of contract liabilities; fair value of right-of-use lease assets for facilities that have been vacated; incremental borrowing rates; valuation of deferred tax assets, goodwill, and intangible assets; forfeiture rates and achievability of performance targets for stock-based compensation plans; and accrued expenses. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments regarding the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management regularly reviews its estimates and judgments for reasonableness and may modify them in the future. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Management believes that the following critical accounting policies are its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue recognition — Capella University and Strayer University offer educational programs primarily on a quarter system having four academic terms, which generally coincide with our quarterly financial reporting periods. Torrens University offers the majority of its education programs on a trimester system having three primary academic terms, which all occur within the calendar year. Approximately 94% of our revenues during the year ended December 31, 2025 consisted of tuition revenue. Capella University offers monthly start options for new students, who then transition to a quarterly schedule. Capella University also offers its FlexPath program, which allows students to determine their 12-week billing session schedule after they complete their first course. Tuition revenue for all students is recognized ratably over the period of instruction as the universities provide academic services, whether delivered in person at a physical campus or online. Tuition revenue is shown net of any refunds, withdrawals, discounts, and scholarships. The universities also derive revenue from other sources such as textbook-related income, certificate revenue, certain academic fees, licensing revenue, accommodation revenue, and food and beverage fees, which are all recognized when earned. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue Recognition, materials provided to students in connection with their enrollment in a course are recognized as revenue when control of those materials transfers to the student. At the start of each academic term or program, a contract liability is recorded for academic services to be provided, and a tuition receivable is recorded for the portion of the tuition not paid in advance. Any cash received prior to the start of an academic term or program is recorded as a contract liability.

Students at Capella University and Strayer University finance their education in a variety of ways, and historically a majority of our students have participated in one or more financial aid programs provided through Title IV of the Higher Education Act. In addition, many of our working adult students finance their own education or receive full or partial tuition reimbursement from their employers. Those students who are veterans or active duty military personnel have access to various additional government-funded educational benefit programs.

In Australia, domestic students may finance their education themselves or by taking a loan through the national Higher Education Loan Program provided by the Australian government to support higher education. In New Zealand, domestic students may utilize government loans to fund tuition and may be eligible for a period of “fees free” study funded by the government. International students are not eligible for funding from the Australian or New Zealand governments.

A typical class is offered in weekly increments over a six- to twelve-week period, depending on the university and course type, and is followed by an exam. Student attendance is based on physical presence in class for on-ground classes. For online classes, attendance consists of logging into one’s course shell and performing an academically-related activity (e.g., engaging in a discussion post or taking a quiz).

If a student withdraws from a course prior to completion, a portion of the tuition may be refundable depending on when the withdrawal occurs. We use the student’s withdrawal date or last date of attendance for this purpose. Our specific refund policies vary across the universities and non-degree programs. For students attending Capella University, our refund policy varies based on course format. GuidedPath students are allowed a 100% refund through the first five days of the course, a 75% refund from six to twelve days, and 0% refund for the remainder of the period. FlexPath students receive a 100% refund through the 12th calendar day of the course for their first billing session only and a 0% refund after that date and for all subsequent billing sessions. For students attending Strayer University, our refund policy typically permits students who complete less than half of a course to receive a partial refund of tuition for that course. For domestic students attending an ANZ institution, refunds are typically provided to students that withdraw within the first 20% of a course term. For international students attending an ANZ institution, refunds are provided to students that withdraw prior to the course commencement date. In limited circumstances, refunds to students attending an ANZ institution may be granted after these cut-offs subject to an application for special consideration by the student and approval of that application by the institution. Refunds reduce the tuition revenue that otherwise would have been recognized for that student. Since the academic terms coincide with our financial reporting periods for most programs, nearly all refunds are processed and recorded in the same quarter as the corresponding revenue. For certain programs where courses may overlap a quarter-end date, we estimate a refund or withdrawal rate and do not recognize the related revenue until the uncertainty related to the refund is resolved. The portion of tuition revenue refundable to students may vary based on the student’s state of residence.

For U.S. students who receive funding under Title IV and withdraw, funds are subject to return provisions as defined by the Department of Education. The university is responsible for returning Title IV funds to the Department and then may seek payment from the withdrawn student of prorated tuition or other amounts charged to him or her. Loss of financial aid eligibility during an academic term is rare and would normally coincide with the student’s withdrawal from the institution. In Australia and New Zealand, government funding for eligible students is provided directly to the institution on an estimated basis annually. The amount of government funding provided is based on a course-by-course forecast of enrollments that the institution submits for the upcoming calendar year. Using the enrollment forecast provided as well as the requesting institution’s historical enrollment trends, the government approves a fixed amount, which is then funded to the institution

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evenly on a monthly basis. Periodic reconciliation and true-ups are undertaken between the relevant government authority and the institution based on actual eligible enrollments, which may result in a net amount being due to or from the government.

Students at Strayer University registering in credit-bearing courses in any undergraduate program qualify for the Learn and Earn Scholarship (formerly known as the Graduation Fund), whereby qualifying students earn tuition credits that are redeemable in the final year of a student’s course of study if he or she successfully remains in the program. Students must meet all of Strayer University’s admission requirements and not be eligible for any previously offered scholarship program. To maintain eligibility, students must be enrolled in a bachelor’s degree program. Students who have more than one consecutive term of non-attendance lose any Learn and Earn Scholarship credits earned to date, but may earn and accumulate new credits if the student is reinstated or readmitted by Strayer University in the future. In their final academic year, qualifying students will receive one free course for every three courses that the student successfully completed in prior years. The Company defers the value of the related performance obligation associated with the free credits estimated to be redeemed in the future based on the underlying revenue transactions that result in progress by the student toward earning the benefit. The estimated value of awards under the Learn and Earn Scholarship that will be recognized in the future is based on historical experience of students’ persistence in completing their course of study and earning a degree and the tuition rate in effect at the time it was associated with the transaction. Estimated redemption rates of eligible students vary based on their term of enrollment. As of December 31, 2025, we had deferred $38.1 million for estimated redemptions earned under the Learn and Earn Scholarship, as compared to $37.1 million at December 31, 2024. Each quarter, we assess our assumptions underlying our estimates for persistence and estimated redemptions based on actual experience. To date, any adjustments to our estimates have not been material. However, if actual persistence or redemption rates change, adjustments to the reserve may be necessary and could be material.

Tuition receivable — We record estimates for our allowance for credit losses related to tuition receivable from students primarily based on our historical collection rates by age of receivable and adjusted for reasonable expectations of future collection performance, net of recoveries. Our experience is that payment of outstanding balances is influenced by whether the student returns to the institution, as we require students to make payment arrangements for their outstanding balances prior to enrollment. Therefore, we monitor outstanding tuition receivable balances through subsequent terms, increasing the reserve on such balances over time as the likelihood of returning to the institution diminishes and our historical experience indicates collection is less likely. We periodically assess our methodologies for estimating credit losses in consideration of actual experience. If the financial condition of our students were to deteriorate based on current or expected future events resulting in evidence of impairment of their ability to make required payments for tuition payable to us, additional allowances or write-offs may be required. During 2025 and 2024, our bad debt expense was 4.2% and 4.4% of revenue, respectively. A change in our allowance for credit losses of 1% of gross tuition receivable as of December 31, 2025 would have changed our income from operations by approximately $1.3 million.

Goodwill and intangible assets — Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the amount assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Indefinite-lived intangible assets, which include trade names, are recorded at fair market value on their acquisition date. At the time of acquisition, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are allocated to reporting units. Management identifies its reporting units by assessing whether the components of its operating segments constitute businesses for which discrete financial information is available and management regularly reviews the operating results of those components.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed at least annually for impairment, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change between annual tests that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the respective reporting unit below its carrying amount. In 2025, we performed a qualitative impairment assessment, consistent with ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets assigned to our reporting units to evaluate the recoverability of the related amounts. The qualitative factors considered included macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, and any other factors that have a significant bearing on fair value. Based on the qualitative impairment assessments performed, we concluded that no goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments had been incurred during the year ended December 31, 2025.

In the second quarter of 2024, the Australian government introduced proposed legislation seeking to limit the number of international students enrolled at Australian institutions. Due to the potential adverse financial impacts of the proposed regulations, in 2024 we performed a quantitative impairment assessment for goodwill assigned to the ANZ reporting unit and for the ANZ indefinite-lived intangible assets as of October 1, 2024. We determined the fair value of the ANZ reporting unit and the ANZ trade name using an income-based approach, which consisted of a discounted cash flow model that included projections of future revenues and cash flows. Based on the results of our quantitative impairment assessment, we concluded that the fair value of the ANZ reporting unit exceeded carrying value by approximately 17% and the fair value of the ANZ indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded carrying value by approximately 14%.

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For the fourth quarter of 2025, student enrollment within ANZ decreased 1.6% to 19,514 compared to 19,825 for the same period in 2024, largely due to constraints on international enrollment. Lower international enrollment was partially offset by growth in domestic enrollment, which is expected to be a larger driver of future growth. The year‑over‑year decline in the fourth quarter was also lower than the decreases experienced in the two prior quarters, reflecting an improvement in enrollment trends. In addition, we successfully enrolled up to the international student cap in 2025, and the cap is expected to increase in 2026. These factors, together with improved domestic enrollment trends, have reduced our concern about potential impairment compared to prior quarters. While regulatory constraints on international enrollments remain a factor, a sustained decline in international students without corresponding growth in domestic enrollment could increase the risk of impairment in future periods. As of December 31, 2025, the ANZ reporting unit had $510.3 million of goodwill and $64.6 million of indefinite-lived intangible assets. We believe the fair value of the ANZ reporting unit remains in excess of carrying value and that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets remains in excess of carrying value as of December 31, 2025. Management will continue to assess goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment in future quarters.

Finite-lived intangible assets that are acquired in business combinations are recorded at fair value on their acquisition dates and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. We review our finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such assets are not recoverable, a potential impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Our finite-lived intangible assets consisted of student relationships, which were fully amortized by the end of 2023.

Other estimates — We record estimates for income tax liabilities and estimate the useful lives of our property and equipment and intangible assets. We also periodically review our assumed forfeiture rates and ability to achieve performance targets for stock-based awards and adjust them as necessary. Should actual results differ from our estimates, revisions to the carrying amount of property and equipment and intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, and income tax liabilities may be required.

Results of Operations

In 2025, we generated $1,268.2 million in revenue compared to $1,219.9 million in 2024. Our income from operations increased to $174.2 million in 2025 compared to $155.6 million in 2024, primarily driven by higher revenue in our USHE and ETS segments, partially offset by higher operating expenses and restructuring costs. Our net income in 2025 was $126.6 million compared to $112.7 million in 2024, and diluted earnings per share was $5.41 in 2025 compared to $4.67 in 2024.

Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared To Year Ended December 31, 2024

Revenues. Consolidated revenues increased to $1,268.2 million in 2025 compared to $1,219.9 million in 2024, primarily due to higher revenue in our ETS segment, which was driven by an increase in Workforce Edge revenue from employer partnerships and growth in Sophia Learning subscriptions, and higher revenue in our USHE segment due to higher revenue per student, partially offset by lower revenue in our ANZ segment primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency exchange impacts. In the USHE segment for the year ended December 31, 2025, average total student enrollment decreased 1.4% to 86,285 from 87,550 in 2024. USHE segment revenues increased 1.2% to $868.2 million in 2025 compared to $857.9 million in 2024, primarily due to higher revenue per student. In the ANZ segment for the year ended December 31, 2025, average total student enrollment decreased 1.8% to 19,232 from 19,585 in 2024. ANZ segment revenues decreased 2.2% to $251.6 million in 2025 compared to $257.1 million in 2024, primarily due to unfavorable foreign currency exchange impacts and a decrease in enrollment, partially offset by higher revenue per student. ETS segment revenues increased 41.4% to $148.4 million in 2025 compared to $104.9 million in 2024, primarily due to an increase in Workforce Edge revenue from employer partnerships, growth in Sophia Learning subscriptions, and higher employer affiliated enrollment.

Instructional and support costs. Consolidated instructional and support costs decreased to $647.1 million in 2025 compared to $650.5 million in 2024, principally due to lower facility expenses, personnel-related costs, student material costs, bad debt expense, and favorable foreign currency exchange impacts, partially offset by higher technology-related costs, depreciation expense, and stock-based compensation expense. Consolidated instructional and support costs as a percentage of revenues decreased to 51.0% in 2025 from 53.3% in 2024. 

General and administration expenses. Consolidated general and administration expenses increased to $425.0 million in 2025 compared to $412.2 million in 2024, principally due to increased investments in branding initiatives and partnerships with brand ambassadors, higher personnel-related costs, and higher facility expenses, partially offset by lower stock-based compensation expense, depreciation expense, and favorable foreign currency exchange impacts. Consolidated general and administration expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 33.5% in 2025 from 33.8% in 2024.

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Restructuring costs. Restructuring costs increased to $21.9 million in 2025 from $1.6 million in 2024, primarily due to an $8.2 million increase in severance and other personnel-related expenses associated with the elimination of certain positions, a $6.3 million increase in asset impairment charges, a $5.8 million decrease in net benefits from the early termination of operating leases, and a $0.3 million loss from the sale of property and equipment of an owned campus in 2025.

Income from operations. Consolidated income from operations increased to $174.2 million in 2025 compared to $155.6 million in 2024, primarily driven by higher revenue in our USHE and ETS segments, partially offset by higher operating expenses and restructuring costs. USHE segment income from operations increased 32.0% to $101.9 million in 2025 compared to $77.2 million in 2024, primarily driven by higher revenue and lower personnel-related costs, student material costs, facility expenses, and stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by higher technology-related costs, and investments in branding initiatives. ANZ segment income from operations decreased 5.2% to $35.5 million in 2025 compared to $37.4 million in 2024, primarily driven by lower revenue and higher personnel-related costs, student material costs, and technology-related costs, partially offset by lower stock-based compensation expense. ETS segment income from operations increased 37.7% to $58.8 million in 2025 compared to $42.7 million in 2024, primarily due to higher revenue as a result of an increase in Workforce Edge revenue from employer partnerships, growth in Sophia Learning subscriptions, and higher employer affiliated enrollment, partially offset by higher personnel-related costs and increased investments in branding initiatives.

Other income. Other income decreased to $3.2 million in 2025 compared to $5.8 million in 2024, primarily due to a $4.3 million decrease in interest income and a $1.3 million increase in loss from our limited partnership investments, partially offset by a $2.8 million decrease in interest expense. We incurred $1.0 million of interest expense in 2025 compared to $3.8 million in 2024.

Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense was $50.8 million in 2025 compared to $48.7 million in 2024. Our effective tax rate for 2025 was 28.6%, compared to 30.2% in 2024. Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 includes windfall tax benefits of approximately $0.4 million and shortfall tax impacts of approximately $1.2 million, respectively, related to share-based payment arrangements. Our effective tax rate, excluding these and other discrete tax adjustments, was 29.0% for 2025.

Net income. Net income increased to $126.6 million in 2025 compared to $112.7 million in 2024 due to the factors discussed above.

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared To Year Ended December 31, 2023

Revenues. Consolidated revenues increased to $1,219.9 million in 2024 compared to $1,132.9 million in 2023, primarily due to enrollment growth in the USHE and ANZ segments and growth in Sophia Learning subscriptions, partially offset by lower revenue per student in the USHE segment and unfavorable foreign currency exchange impacts. In the USHE segment for the year ended December 31, 2024, average total student enrollment increased 6.4% to 87,550 from 82,267 in 2023. USHE segment revenues increased 4.8% to $857.9 million in 2024 compared to $819.0 million in 2023, primarily due to the increase in student enrollment, partially offset by lower revenue per student. In the ANZ segment for the year ended December 31, 2024, average total student enrollment increased 4.8% to 19,585 from 18,692 in 2023. ANZ segment revenues increased 10.1% to $257.1 million in 2024 compared to $233.5 million in 2023, primarily due to the increase in enrollment and higher revenue per student as a result of students taking higher course loads, partially offset by unfavorable foreign currency exchange impacts. ETS segment revenues increased 30.4% to $104.9 million in 2024 compared to $80.5 million in 2023, primarily as a result of growth in Sophia Learning subscriptions, higher employer affiliated enrollment, and an increase in Workforce Edge revenue from new employer partnerships.

Instructional and support costs. Consolidated instructional and support costs increased to $650.5 million in 2024 compared to $623.9 million in 2023, principally due to increases in personnel-related costs, bad debt expense, technology-related expenses, and stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by lower student material costs and favorable foreign currency exchange impacts. Consolidated instructional and support costs as a percentage of revenues decreased to 53.3% in 2024 from 55.1% in 2023. 

General and administration expenses. Consolidated general and administration expenses increased to $412.2 million in 2024 compared to $384.4 million in 2023, principally due to higher personnel-related costs, increased investments in branding initiatives and partnerships with brand ambassadors, and higher stock-based compensation expense, partially offset by favorable foreign currency exchange impacts. Consolidated general and administration expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 33.8% in 2024 from 33.9% in 2023.

Amortization of intangible assets. There was no amortization of intangible assets in 2024 compared to $11.5 million in 2023, due to the finite-lived intangible assets acquired through the acquisition of ANZ becoming fully amortized in the fourth quarter of 2023.

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Merger and integration costs. There were no merger and integration costs in 2024 compared to $1.5 million in 2023. These costs primarily related to integration expenses associated with the acquisition of ANZ.

Restructuring costs. Restructuring costs decreased to $1.6 million in 2024 from $16.3 million in 2023, primarily due to a $6.9 million decrease in severance and other personnel-related expenses from employee terminations, a $6.1 million increase in net gains related to the early termination of operating leases, and a $3.8 million decrease in asset impairment charges, partially offset by a $2.1 million gain from the sale of property and equipment of an owned campus in 2023.

Income from operations. Consolidated income from operations increased to $155.6 million in 2024 compared to $95.3 million in 2023, primarily due to higher revenue driven by enrollment growth in the USHE and ANZ segments and growth in Sophia Learning subscriptions in the ETS segment, lower restructuring costs, and lower amortization expense of intangible assets, partially offset by higher operating expenses. USHE segment income from operations increased 29.4% to $77.2 million in 2024 compared to $59.6 million in 2023, primarily driven by higher revenue due to an increase in student enrollment, decreased investments in branding initiatives, and lower student material costs, partially offset by higher personnel-related costs, bad debt expense, and technology-related expenses. ANZ segment income from operations increased 4.3% to $37.4 million in 2024 compared to $35.9 million in 2023, primarily driven by higher revenue due to an increase in enrollment and higher revenue per student as a result of students taking higher course loads, partially offset by increased investments in branding initiatives, higher personnel-related costs, and higher stock-based compensation expense. ETS segment income from operations increased 46.9% to $42.7 million in 2024 compared to $29.1 million in 2023, primarily due to higher revenue as a result of growth in Sophia Learning subscriptions, an increase in employer affiliated enrollment, and an increase in Workforce Edge revenue from new employer partnerships, partially offset by higher personnel-related costs.

Other income. Other income increased to $5.8 million in 2024 compared to $5.4 million in 2023, primarily due to a $3.4 million decrease in interest expense and a $2.1 million increase in interest income, partially offset by a $5.1 million decrease in investment income from our limited partnerships. We incurred $3.8 million of interest expense in 2024 compared to $7.2 million in 2023.

Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense was $48.7 million in 2024 compared to $30.9 million in 2023. Our effective tax rate for 2024 was 30.2%, compared to 30.7% in 2023. Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 includes shortfall tax impacts related to share-based payment arrangements of approximately $1.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Our effective tax rate, excluding these and other discrete tax adjustments, was 29.0% for 2024.

Net income. Net income increased to $112.7 million in 2024 compared to $69.8 million in 2023 due to the factors discussed above.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use certain financial measures including Adjusted Total Costs and Expenses, Adjusted Income from Operations, Adjusted Operating Margin, Adjusted Income Before Income Taxes, Adjusted Net Income, and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share that are not required by or prepared in accordance with GAAP. These measures, which are considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under SEC rules, are defined by us to exclude the following:

•amortization and depreciation expense related to intangible assets and software assets acquired through our acquisition of Torrens University and associated assets in Australia and New Zealand;

•integration expenses associated with our acquisition of Torrens University and associated assets in Australia and New Zealand;

•severance costs, asset impairment charges, gains/losses on sale of real estate and early termination of leased facilities, and other costs associated with our restructuring activities;

•income/loss from partnership and other investments that are not part of our core operations; and

•discrete tax adjustments related to stock-based compensation and other adjustments.

To illustrate currency impacts to operating results, Revenue, Adjusted Total Costs and Expenses, Adjusted Income from Operations, Adjusted Operating Margin, Adjusted Income Before Income Taxes, Adjusted Net Income, and Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share for the year ended December 31, 2025 are also presented on a constant currency basis.

When considered together with GAAP financial results, we believe these measures provide management and investors with an additional understanding of our business and operating results, including underlying trends associated with our ongoing operations.

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Non-GAAP financial measures are not defined in the same manner by all companies and may not be comparable with other similarly titled measures of other companies. Non-GAAP financial measures may be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, GAAP results. A reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is provided below.

Adjusted income from operations was $196.1 million in 2025 compared to $157.3 million in 2024. Adjusted net income was $144.6 million in 2025 compared to $117.7 million in 2024, and adjusted diluted earnings per share was $6.18 in 2025 compared to $4.87 in 2024.

The tables below reconcile our reported results of operations to adjusted results:

Reconciliation of Reported to Adjusted Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 (in thousands, except per share data)

Non-GAAP Adjustments

As Reported (GAAP)

Amortization of intangible assets(1)

Merger and integration costs(2)

Restructuring costs(3)

Loss from other investments(4)

Tax adjustments(5)

As Adjusted

(Non-GAAP)

Total costs and expenses

$

1,093,989

$

— 

$

— 

$

(21,909)

$

— 

$

— 

$

1,072,080

Income from operations

$

174,231

$

— 

$

— 

$

21,909 

$

— 

$

— 

$

196,140

Operating margin

13.7 

%

15.5%

Income before income taxes

$

177,393

$

— 

$

— 

$

21,909 

$

4,347 

$

— 

$

203,649

Net income

$

126,614

$

— 

$

— 

$

21,909 

$

4,347 

$

(8,279)

$

144,591

Diluted earnings per share

$

5.41

$

6.18

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding

23,402

23,402

Reconciliation of Reported to Adjusted Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands, except per share data)

Non-GAAP Adjustments

As Reported (GAAP)

Amortization of intangible assets(1)

Merger and integration costs(2)

Restructuring costs(3)

Loss from other investments(4)

Tax adjustments(5)

As Adjusted

(Non-GAAP)

Total costs and expenses

$

1,064,302 

$

— 

$

— 

$

(1,648)

$

— 

$

— 

$

1,062,654 

Income from operations

$

155,628 

$

— 

$

— 

$

1,648 

$

— 

$

— 

$

157,276 

Operating margin

12.8%

12.9%

Income before income taxes

$

161,432 

$

— 

$

— 

$

1,648 

$

2,660 

$

— 

$

165,740 

Net income

$

112,684 

$

— 

$

— 

$

1,648 

$

2,660 

$

684 

$

117,676 

Diluted earnings per share

$

4.67 

$

4.87 

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding

24,140 

24,140 

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Reconciliation of Reported to Adjusted Results of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands, except per share data)

Non-GAAP Adjustments

As Reported (GAAP)

Amortization of intangible assets(1)

Merger and integration costs(2)

Restructuring costs(3)

Income from other investments(4)

Tax adjustments(5)

As Adjusted

(Non-GAAP)

Total costs and expenses

$

1,037,603 

$

(11,457)

$

(1,544)

$

(16,256)

$

— 

$

— 

$

1,008,346 

Income from operations

$

95,321 

$

11,457 

$

1,544 

$

16,256 

$

— 

$

— 

$

124,578 

Operating margin

8.4%

11.0%

Income before income taxes

$

100,726 

$

11,457 

$

1,544 

$

16,256 

$

(2,718)

$

— 

$

127,265 

Net income

$

69,791 

$

11,457 

$

1,544 

$

16,256 

$

(2,718)

$

(7,245)

$

89,085 

Diluted earnings per share

$

2.91 

$

3.72 

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding

23,956 

23,956 

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(1)Reflects amortization and depreciation expense of intangible assets and software assets acquired through the Company’s acquisition of Torrens University and associated assets in Australia and New Zealand.

(2)Reflects integration expenses associated with the Company’s acquisition of Torrens University and associated assets in Australia and New Zealand.

(3)Reflects severance costs, asset impairment charges, gains/losses on sale of real estate and early termination of leased facilities, and other costs associated with the Company’s restructuring activities.

(4)Reflects income/loss recognized from the Company’s investments in partnership interests and other investments.

(5)Reflects tax impacts of the adjustments described above and discrete tax adjustments related to stock-based compensation and other adjustments, utilizing an adjusted effective tax rate of 29.0%, 29.0%, and 30.0%, for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

The table below presents our adjusted results of operations on a constant currency basis for the year ended December 31, 2025 (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

As Reported

(GAAP)

Non-GAAP adjustments (1)

Constant currency adjustment(2)

As Adjusted with Constant Currency

(Non-GAAP)

Revenues

$

1,268,220

$

— 

$

5,808 

$

1,274,028

Total costs and expenses

$

1,093,989

$

(21,909)

$

4,910 

$

1,076,990

Income from operations

$

174,231

$

21,909 

$

898 

$

197,038

Operating margin

13.7 

%

15.5 

%

Income before income taxes

$

177,393

$

26,256 

$

955 

$

204,604

Net income

$

126,614

$

17,977 

$

677 

$

145,268

Diluted earnings per share

$

5.41

$

6.21

Weighted average diluted shares outstanding

23,402

23,402

__________________________________________________________________________________________

(1)Reflects non-GAAP adjustments related to restructuring costs, income/loss from other investments, and tax adjustments as described further in the Reconciliation of Reported to Adjusted Results of Operations tables above.

(2)Reflects an adjustment to translate foreign currency after the non-GAAP adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2025 at a constant exchange rate of 0.66 Australian Dollars to U.S. Dollars, which was the average exchange rate for the same period in 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $153.1 million compared to $199.0 million at December 31, 2024. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents primarily in money market funds and demand deposit bank accounts at high credit quality financial institutions, which are included in cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2025 and 2024. We also hold marketable securities, which primarily include corporate debt securities, U.S. treasury securities with maturities greater than three months, and term deposits. We earned interest income of $8.2 million, $12.5 million, and $10.4 million in each of the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.

We are party to a credit facility (the “Amended Credit Facility”), which provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of up to $250 million. The Amended Credit Facility provides us with an option, subject to obtaining additional loan commitments and satisfaction of certain conditions, to increase

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the commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility or establish one or more incremental term loans (each, an “Incremental Facility”) in an amount up to the sum of (x) the greater of (A) $300 million and (B) 100% of the Company’s consolidated EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and noncash charges, such as stock-based compensation) calculated on a trailing four-quarter basis and on a pro forma basis, and (y) if such Incremental Facility is incurred in connection with a permitted acquisition or other permitted investment, any amounts so long as the Company’s leverage ratio (calculated on a trailing four-quarter basis) on a pro forma basis will be no greater than 1.75:1.00. In addition, the Amended Credit Facility provides for a subfacility for borrowings in certain foreign currencies in an amount equal to the U.S. dollar equivalent of $150 million. Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a per annum rate equal to Term SOFR or a base rate, plus a margin ranging from 1.50% to 2.00%, depending on our leverage ratio. An unused commitment fee ranging from 0.20% to 0.30% per annum, depending on our leverage ratio, accrues on unused amounts. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants of the Amended Credit Facility and had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, we paid $0.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively, of interest and unused commitment fees related to our Revolving Credit Facility.

Our net cash provided by operating activities increased to $198.2 million in 2025 compared to $169.3 million in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher earnings and non-cash adjustments, partially offset by unfavorable changes in working capital.

Our net cash provided by (used in) investing activities increased to $8.5 million of cash provided in 2025 compared to $64.4 million of cash used in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a $48.1 million increase in cash proceeds from marketable securities and other investments, a $26.0 million decrease in purchases of marketable securities, and $2.2 million of cash proceeds from the sale of property and equipment in 2025, partially offset by a $3.7 million increase in capital expenditures. Capital expenditures increased to $44.3 million in 2025 compared to $40.6 million in 2024, primarily due to the timing of capital projects.

Our net cash used in financing activities increased to $206.2 million in 2025 compared to $136.8 million in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a $127.4 million increase in share repurchases and a $6.4 million increase in net payments for employee stock awards, partially offset by the non-recurrence in 2025 of a $61.3 million long-term debt payment and a $1.7 million payment of debt financing costs made in 2024, as well as a $1.5 million decrease in cash dividend payments in 2025.

The Board of Directors declared an annual cash dividend of $2.40 per common share, payable in equal parts quarterly. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we paid a total of $57.5 million in cash dividends on our common stock compared to $59.0 million in 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we paid $138.9 million to repurchase shares of common stock in the open market under our repurchase program, compared to $11.5 million in 2024. As of December 31, 2025, we had $213.5 million remaining in share repurchase authorization to use through December 31, 2026.

Our recurring cash requirements consist primarily of general operating expenses, capital expenditures, discretionary dividend payments, income tax payments, and contractual obligations related to our lease agreements, marketing-related vendor subscription agreements, limited partnership investments, and Revolving Credit Facility. We believe that the combination of our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, cash generated from operating activities, and if necessary, cash available under our Amended Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for the next 12 months and beyond.

Our material contractual cash commitments include minimum lease payments required under our lease agreements, multi-year marketing spend commitments under a marketing agreement, capital commitments related to our four limited partnership investments and commitment fees associated with our Revolving Credit Facility.

The table below presents our contractual lease cash commitments, including minimum payments for leases signed but not yet commenced as of December 31, 2025 (in thousands): 

Payments Due By Period

Total

Less than 1

Year

1-3

Years

3-5

Years

More than

5 Years

Lease cash commitments

$

135,370 

$

17,892 

$

40,589 

$

33,642 

$

43,247 

We have a commitment to purchase approximately $42.8 million of media advertising over a three-year period ending in December 2028. The commitment includes annual minimum purchase requirements; however, the timing and allocation of future cash flows will depend on our marketing strategy. Accordingly, we cannot reasonably estimate the amount that will be paid in any given year. As of December 31, 2025, the full $42.8 million commitment remained outstanding.

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As of December 31, 2025, we have a commitment to invest up to $1.7 million in our four limited partnership investments through 2031. Due to the uncertainty with respect to the timing of future cash flows associated with the limited partnership investments, we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the period in which such additional investments may take place.

Due to the uncertainty with respect to the timing of future borrowings associated with our credit facility, we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of any commitment fees charged on the unused portion of the credit facility. As of December 31, 2025, our maximum estimated commitment fee is $0.8 million per annum related to the unused portion of our credit facility.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, within the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements for recently issued accounting standards.