Redwire Corp (RDW)

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information contained in this discussion and analysis includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and the "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “Redwire,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Redwire Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Business Overview

Redwire is a global leader in mission critical space solutions and high-reliability space infrastructure for the next generation space economy. Our “Heritage plus Innovation” strategy enables us to combine decades of flight heritage with an agile and innovative culture creating new, innovative technologies which are the building blocks of space infrastructure for government and commercial customers.

Redwire’s primary business model is providing mission critical solutions based on core space infrastructure offerings for government and commercial customers through long-duration projects. We are developing critical space infrastructure that is impacting our

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terrestrial economy in areas, such as national security, global defense, telecommunications, navigation and timing, and Earth observation. Our core space infrastructure offerings include a broad array of modern products and services, which have been enabling space missions since the 1960s and have been flight-proven on over 200 spaceflight missions, including missions such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (“NASA”) Artemis program, New Horizons and Perseverance, the Space Forces’ GPS, and the European Space Agency’s (“ESA”) Project for On-Board Autonomy (“PROBA”) programs. We are also a provider of innovative technologies with the potential to help transform the economics of space and create new markets for its exploration and commercialization.

Recent Developments

Selected year-over-year financial performance metrics and operational developments for the year ended December 31, 2024, are described below.

•Revenues increased 25% for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

•Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 23% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 28% during the same period in 2023.

•Net loss increased by $87.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, impacted by $17.7 million of net unfavorable EAC changes and $52.0 million of non-cash loss related to change in fair value of private warrants.

•Net cash used by operating activities was $17.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $1.2 million during the same period in 2023.

•Contracted backlog decreased year-over-year to $296.7 million as of December 31, 2024, as compared to $372.8 million as of December 31, 2023.

•The Company completed its tenth acquisition in August 2024 of Hera Systems, Inc. (“Hera”), a spacecraft development company supporting the evolving requirements for national security missions operating in contested space.

•The Company expanded its global footprint and opened new facilities in California and Poland (Redwire Poland sp z.o.o.), respectively.

•The Company was awarded the Air Force Research Laboratory (“AFRL”) contract to advance enhanced space-based capabilities for the warfighter.

•The Company provided the onboard computer for ESA’s PROBA-3 mission and completed the spacecraft integration and testing, which launched in December 2024.

•The Company successfully 3D-bioprinted the first live human heart tissue through our 3D BioFabrication Facility onboard the ISS.

•The Company secured a follow-on order for Roll-Out Solar Arrays (“ROSA”) for Thales Alenia Space’s telecommunications satellites.

•The Company expanded its spacecraft portfolio to 5 platforms for missions across every orbit: SabreSate; Thresher; Mako; Phantom and Hammerhead.

Subsequent to December 31, 2024, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to acquire Edge Autonomy Intermediate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (together with its subsidiaries, “Edge Autonomy”) through a series of mergers set forth in the Merger Agreement, for an aggregate purchase price of $925 million, subject to customary working capital, cash and debt adjustments. Edge Autonomy is a leading provider of field-proven uncrewed airborne system technology. Please refer to Note X – Subsequent Events of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the subsequent acquisition.

Results of Operations

We manage and assess our business based on performance on contracts, which are typically long-term and involves the design, development and manufacturing of our core offerings and related activities with varying delivery schedules. Therefore, the results of operations for a particular year, or year-over-year comparison may not be indicative of future operating results. Substantially all of our contracts are accounted for under the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method. As a result, revenues on contracts are recorded over time based on progress towards completion for a particular contract, including the estimate of the profit to be earned at completion. The following discussion of material changes in consolidated revenues should be read in tandem with the subsequent discussion of changes in consolidated cost of sales because changes in revenues are typically accompanied by a corresponding change in cost of sales due to the nature of the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method.

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Net EAC Adjustments

We record changes in costs estimated at completion (net EAC adjustments) using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting. Net EAC adjustments can have a significant effect on reported revenues and gross profit and the table below presents the aggregate amounts for the following periods:

The Company evaluates the contract value and cost estimates at completion for performance obligations no less frequently than quarterly, and more frequently when circumstances significantly change. Changes in contract estimates occur for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, changes in contract scope, labor productivity, the nature and technical complexity of the work to be performed, availability and cost volatility of materials, subcontractor and vendor performance, volume assumptions, inflationary trends, and schedule and performance delays. We utilize information available to us at the time when revising our estimates and apply consistent judgement across the full portfolio of programs. Refer to Note Q – Revenues of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023:

Revenues

Revenues increased by $60.3 million, or 25%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The year-over-year increase in revenues was primarily related to increases in average contract size and increased volume of production in the power generation and structures and mechanisms space infrastructure offerings. These increases were partially offset by $17.7 million of net unfavorable EAC adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to $3.5 million of net unfavorable EAC adjustments for the same period in 2023. Please refer to Note Q – Revenues of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company’s net EAC adjustments.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales increased $73.8 million, or 40%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The year-over-year increase in cost of sales was primarily driven by increased labor and subcontractor costs associated with larger contracts in power generation offerings for which there were no related costs during the same period in 2023.

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Gross Profit and Margin

Gross profit decreased $13.5 million, or 23%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, gross margin was 15% and 24% for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The year-over-year decrease in gross margin as a percentage of revenues was driven by changes in contract mix, including larger contracts with lower margins and completion of certain higher margin contracts, impacting the overall contract portfolio gross margin. The decrease is also partially due to a $17.7 million negative impact of net EAC adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to $3.5 million of net unfavorable EAC adjustments for the same period in 2023. Please refer to Note Q – Revenues of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company’s net EAC adjustments.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

SG&A expenses increased $2.9 million, or 4%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The year-over-year increase in SG&A expenses was primarily driven by an increase in legal expenses, share-based compensation and marketing expenses of $2.8 million, $2.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in professional fees and insurance expense of $3.4 million. SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 23% for the year ended December 31, 2024 from 28% during the same period in 2023. This decrease reflects the Company’s continued focus on cost discipline and streamlining corporate overhead costs to enhance operating leverage.

Transaction Expenses

Transaction expenses increased $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared with the same period in 2023. The increase is primarily due to costs incurred related to the Hera acquisition as well as pre-acquisition costs incurred consisting of due diligence and additional expenses related to prospective acquisitions, including the subsequent acquisition of Edge Autonomy. Please refer to Note X – Subsequent Events of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the subsequent acquisition.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased $1.1 million, or 23%, for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to strategic decisions to invest in future developments related to avionics, sensors and platforms, structures and mechanisms, power generation technologies and microgravity payloads.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net increased $2.8 million, or 26%, for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. This increase was primarily related to an increase in borrowings on the revolving credit facility compared to 2023. Please refer to Note J – Debt of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company’s debt obligations.

Other (Income) Expense, net

Other (income) expense, net increased by $59.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. This year-over-year increase was primarily due to a $52.0 million loss as a result of an increase in the fair value of the Company’s private warrant liability for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to a $2.0 million loss during the same period in 2023, driven by a larger increase in the Company’s common stock price during the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the increase during 2023. The increase was also due to an $8.0 million loss contingency recognized for a litigation matter, for which there was no comparable cost in 2023. Please refer to Note N – Commitments and Contingencies and Note D – Fair Value of Financial Instruments of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to litigation matters and private warrants, respectively.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The table below provides information regarding our income tax expense (benefit) for the following periods:

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The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 remained materially consistent as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. Please refer to Note M – Income Taxes of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

The net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was de minimis. Please refer to Note U – Joint Venture of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Supplemental Non-GAAP Information

During the third quarter of 2024, we changed the Supplemental Non-GAAP Information to present only Adjusted EBITDA, whereas prior period disclosures also presented Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA. Management believes the presentation of Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA no longer provides the same meaningful insights into the Company’s performance as it did during the initial years of the Company’s formation. Prior period disclosures were recast to conform to current presentation. There was no change in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.

We use Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions, including those relating to operating expenses and the allocation of internal resources which are not calculated in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and are considered to be Non-GAAP financial performance measures. These Non-GAAP financial performance measures are used to supplement the financial information presented on a U.S. GAAP basis and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the relevant U.S. GAAP measures and should be read in conjunction with information presented on a U.S. GAAP basis. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of Non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) adjusted for interest expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, impairment expense, transaction expenses, acquisition integration costs, acquisition earnout costs, purchase accounting fair value adjustment related to deferred revenue, severance costs, capital market and advisory fees, litigation-related expenses, write-off of long-lived assets, equity-based compensation, committed equity facility transaction costs, debt financing costs, gains on sale of joint ventures, and warrant liability change in fair value adjustments.

The table below presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the following periods:

i.Redwire incurred acquisition costs including due diligence, integration costs and additional expenses related to pre-acquisition activity. Acquisition deal costs was reclassified as Transaction expenses to conform with current period presentation.

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ii.Redwire recorded adjustments related to the impact of recognizing deferred revenue at fair value as part of the purchase accounting for previous acquisitions.

iii.Redwire incurred severance costs related to separation agreements entered into with former employees.

iv.Redwire incurred capital market and advisory fees related to advisors assisting with transitional activities associated with becoming a public company, such as implementation of internal controls over financial reporting, and the internalization of corporate services, including, but not limited to, implementing enhanced enterprise resource planning systems.

v.Redwire incurred expenses related to securities litigation, including a loss contingency, presented net of an anticipated insurance recovery, in the amount of $7.0 million recognized in 2024. Refer to Note N – Commitments and Contingencies of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

vi.Redwire incurred expenses related to equity-based compensation under Redwire’s equity-based compensation plan.

vii.Redwire incurred expenses related to the committed equity facility with B. Riley, which includes consideration paid to enter into the Purchase Agreement as well as changes in fair value recognized as a gain or loss during the respective periods.

viii.Redwire incurred expenses related to debt financing agreements, including amendment related fees paid to third parties that are expensed in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

ix.Redwire recognized a gain related to the sale of all its ownership in two joint ventures, presented net of transaction costs incurred, as further described in Note U – Joint Venture of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

x.Redwire adjusted the private warrant liability to reflect changes in fair value recognized as a gain or loss during the respective periods.

Key Performance Indicators

The following Key Performance Indicators (“KPIs”) are used by Management to assess the financial performance of the Company, monitor relevant trends and support financial, operational and strategic decision-making. Management frequently monitors and evaluates KPIs against internal targets, core business objectives as well as industry peers and may, on occasion, change the mix or calculation of KPIs to better align with the business, its operating environment, standard industry metrics, or other considerations. If the Company changes the method by which it calculates or presents a KPI, prior period disclosures are recast to conform to current presentation.

Book-to-Bill

Our book-to-bill ratio was as follows for the periods presented:

Book-to-bill is the ratio of total contracts awarded to revenues recorded in the same period. The contracts awarded balance includes firm contract orders, including time-and-material (“T&M”) contracts, awarded during the period and does not include unexercised contract options or potential orders under indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts. Although the contracts awarded balance reflects firm contract orders, terminations, amendments, or contract cancellations may occur which could result in a reduction to the contracts awarded balance.

We view book-to-bill as an indicator of future revenue growth potential. To drive future revenue growth, our goal is for the level of contracts awarded in a given period to exceed the revenue recorded, thus yielding a book-to-bill ratio greater than 1.0.

Our book-to-bill ratio was 0.76 for the LTM (“Last Twelve Months”) ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 1.23 for the LTM ended December 31, 2023. For the LTM ended December 31, 2024, contracts awarded includes $21.9 million of acquired contract value from the Hera Systems acquisition, which was completed in the third quarter of 2024. For the LTM ended December 31, 2023, none of the contracts awarded balance relates to acquired contract value.

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Backlog

The following table presents our contracted backlog as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and related activity for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2023.

We view growth in backlog as a key measure of our business growth. Contracted backlog represents the estimated dollar value of firm funded executed contracts for which work has not been performed (also known as the remaining performance obligations on a contract). Our contracted backlog includes $16.7 million and $19.3 million in remaining contract value from T&M contracts as of December 31, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023, respectively.

Organic backlog change excludes backlog activity from acquisitions for the first four full quarters since the entities’ acquisition date. Contracted backlog activity for the first four full quarters since the entities’ acquisition date is included in acquisition-related contracted backlog change. After the completion of four fiscal quarters, acquired entities are treated as organic for current and comparable historical periods.

Organic contract value includes the remaining contract value as of January 1 not yet recognized as revenue and additional orders awarded during the period for those entities treated as organic. Acquisition-related contract value includes remaining contract value as of the acquisition date not yet recognized as revenue and additional orders awarded during the period for entities not treated as organic. Organic revenue includes revenue earned during the period presented for those entities treated as organic, while acquisition-related revenue includes the same for all other entities, excluding any pre-acquisition revenue earned during the period. The acquisition-related backlog activity presented in the table above is related to the Hera Systems acquisition completed during third quarter of 2024.

Although contracted backlog reflects business associated with contracts that are considered to be firm, terminations, amendments or contract cancellations may occur, which could result in a reduction in our total backlog. In addition, some of our multi-year contracts are subject to annual funding. Management expects all amounts reflected in contracted backlog to ultimately be fully funded. Contracted backlog from foreign operations in Luxembourg and Belgium was $70.5 million and $106.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These amounts are subject to foreign exchange rate translations from euros to U.S. dollars that could cause the remaining backlog balance to fluctuate with the foreign exchange rate at the time of measurement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our operations are primarily funded with cash flows provided by operating activities and access to existing credit facilities. As of December 31, 2024, we had $33.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and $15.0 million in available borrowings from our existing credit facilities. Additionally, we had $15.4 million in restricted cash which consists of a cash-collateralized standby letter of credit for a submitted proposal. Included in the restricted cash balance is $7.8 million of proceeds received from third-parties that is refundable except in certain limited circumstances.

Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are for the Company’s material cash requirements, including working capital needs, satisfaction of our indebtedness and contractual commitments, investment in expanding our breadth and footprint through acquisitions as well as investment in facilities, equipment, technologies, and research and development for our growth initiatives and general corporate needs.

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Our ability to fund our cash needs is dependent upon the successful execution of our business strategy and future operating results. Our future operating results are subject to, among others, general economic conditions, including as a result of heightened inflation, rising interest rates and supply chain pressures, competitive dynamics in our target markets as well as legislative and regulatory factors that may be outside of our control. As part of our business and debt management strategy, we continuously evaluate opportunities to further strengthen our financial and liquidity position, including issuing additional equity or debt securities, refinancing or otherwise restructuring our existing credit facilities, or entering into new financing arrangements. There can be no assurance that any of these actions will be sufficient to allow us to adequately service our debt obligations, meet our debt covenants, or that such actions will not result in an adverse impact on our business. In the event that we require additional financing, we may not be able to secure such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.

We believe our existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs and comply with our debt covenants for at least the next twelve months from the date on which our consolidated financial statements were issued.

Indebtedness

Please refer to Note J – Debt of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company’s debt obligations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

From time to time, we are a party to certain off-balance sheet arrangements, such as standby letters of credit. Liabilities related to these arrangements are generally not reflected in our consolidated balance sheets. We do not expect any material impact on our cashflows, results of operations or financial condition to result from these off-balance sheet arrangements.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $15.4 million of standby letters of credit outstanding for a submitted proposal, which were secured by our restricted cash. Refer to Note B of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company’s restricted cash.

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2024:

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into an economic development agreement to serve as the anchor tenant at the Novaparke Innovation & Technology Campus in Floyd County, Indiana, the construction of which is anticipated to be completed during fiscal year 2025. In accordance with the agreement, the Company has entered into a lease for a 30,000 square foot property. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had entered into two facility leases, including Novaparke, which had not yet commenced but created significant future lease obligations in the amount of $3.8 million. The contracts were determined to be operating leases, whereby the Company is not required to make rent payments prior to the lease commencement dates while construction is completed on the underlying assets. Due to the nature of the work and the amount of the Company’s contribution to the construction period costs for the leases, the Company was determined not to be the owner of the assets under construction as the landlords have substantially all of the construction period risks.

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Cash Flows

The table below summarizes certain information from the consolidated statements of cash flows for the following periods:

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $17.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $1.2 million, resulting in a $18.6 million increase in the use of cash year-over-year. The change was primarily due to an increase of $87.0 million in cash used related to the Company’s net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 in comparison to 2023, partially offset by an increase in cash provided by working capital of $15.2 million and increase of $53.3 million in the effects of non-cash adjustments. The increase in cash provided by working capital is primarily related to an increase of $9.7 million and $4.4 million in other liabilities and accounts payable and accrued expenses, respectively, compared to a decrease of $1.0 million and $3.3 million in the same accounts for 2023, respectively. These working capital increases were partially offset by a decrease in contract assets of $7.1 million compared to a decrease of $5.4 million in contract assets for 2023. The increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses is primarily a result of timing of payments and invoice receipt and the increase in other liabilities is primarily related to the loss contingency recognized related to a litigation matter. Please refer to Note N – Commitments and Contingencies of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to litigation matters. The changes in contract assets were primarily driven by the timing of billable milestones during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023. The increase in non-cash adjustments is primarily related to an increase in the fair value of the outstanding private warrants of $52.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023. Please refer to Note D – Fair Value of Financial Instruments of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the fair value of warrants.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023. The change was due to net proceeds of $4.6 million received from the sale of the Company’s joint ventures, partially offset by an increase of $2.6 million in capital expenditures primarily related to licensed software for internal-use and $0.9 million cash used, net of cash acquired related to the Hera Systems acquisition.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $34.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 2023. The change was primarily due to an increase in net proceeds received from debt of $37.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $10.0 million in 2023 and advances from third-parties of $7.8 million. The increase in proceeds received from debt was driven primarily by increased draws from the Adams Street Revolving Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 2023.

Foreign Currency Exposures

Our operations in Europe conduct transactions that are primarily denominated in euros, which limits our foreign currency exposure. However, changes in exchange rates will affect the Company’s consolidated financial statements as expressed in U.S. dollars.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. For the critical accounting estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements, we make assumptions and judgments that can have a significant impact on net revenues, cost and expenses, and other (income) expense, net, in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), as well as, on the value of certain assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to the understanding of our consolidated financial statements and require the use of significant management judgment. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, please refer to Note B – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill, Intangible and Long-lived Assets

Overview

The Company allocates the purchase price of an acquired business to the underlying tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at acquisition date, with the excess recorded as goodwill. Identifiable finite-lived intangible assets from acquired businesses primarily consist of technology, trademarks, and customer relationships. The accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to goodwill, intangible assets, and contingent consideration, which can be affected by contract performance and other factors over time. This may cause final amounts to differ materially from original estimates. Adjustments to the fair value of purchased assets and liabilities after the initial measurement period are recognized in net earnings.

Impairment Testing

The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually for impairment as of October 1st, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may be impaired. Such events or circumstances may include, but are not limited to:

•deterioration in overall economic conditions;

•failure to reach our internal forecasts could impact our ability to achieve our forecasted levels of cash flows;

•adverse technological events that could impact our performance;

•volatility in equity and debt markets resulting in higher discount rates; and

•significant adverse changes in the regulatory environment or markets in which we operate.

Our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are allocated to and tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. The Company has five reporting units, Mission Solutions, Space Components, Engineering Services, Hera Systems and Redwire Europe, which were determined based on similar economic characteristics, financial metrics and product and servicing offerings. We may use both qualitative and quantitative approaches when testing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. In circumstances where a qualitative analysis indicates that the fair value of a reporting unit does not exceed its carrying value, a quantitative analysis is performed using an income approach.

When performing a quantitative analysis, the fair value of the Company’s reporting units are generally determined using a combination of an income approach based on a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model as well as a market approach based on guideline public company revenues and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization multiples. Determining the fair value requires the exercise of significant judgments, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, long-term growth rates, discount rates and relevant comparable public company earnings multiples and relevant transaction multiples. The cash flows employed in the DCF analysis are based on the Company best estimate of future revenues, gross margins, operating expenses, and cash flows with consideration for other factors, such as general market conditions, U.S. and foreign government budgets, existing contracted and uncontracted backlog, subcontractor agreements, changes in working capital, long-term business plans and historical operating performance. These estimates and judgments are based upon information available at the time and have been deemed reasonable by management as of the measurement date. The discount rates utilized in the DCF model are based on the respective reporting unit’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), which takes into account the relative weights of debt and equity components within the Company’s existing capital structure and represents the expected cost of new capital, adjusted as appropriate to consider the risk inherent in future cash flows of the respective reporting unit. Actual results could differ from these assumptions.

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During 2024 and 2023, the Company performed its annual impairment tests for each of our reporting units and concluded there were no indicators that the fair value was more likely than not below carrying value. Therefore, no quantitative assessment was performed and no goodwill impairment was recognized during 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Finite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets are amortized to expense over their estimated useful life on a straight-line basis or over the period the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed. The Company evaluates its intangible and long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may be impaired. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may be impaired, the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows of the asset or asset group are compared to the asset or asset group’s carrying value. If the asset or asset group’s carrying value exceed the sum of undiscounted cash flows, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of carrying amount over the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group.

During 2024 and 2023, the Company identified no triggering events and therefore, no impairment assessment was performed on its intangible and long-lived assets.

Revenue Recognition

The Company engages in long-term contracts, including firm fixed-price (“FFP”), cost-plus fixed fee (“CPFF”) and T&M for production and service activities. The Company recognizes revenue for performance obligations over time using the cost-to-cost method for FFP and CPFF contracts. Revenue from T&M contracts is recognized based on the number of direct labor hours expended in the performance of a contract multiplied by the contract billing rate, as well as reimbursement of other direct billable costs. Revenue is recognized over time for FFP and CPFF contracts (versus point in time recognition) due to the fact that the Company’s performance creates an asset with no alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. The portion of the payments retained by the customer or advance payment is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to facilitate inventory demands at the onset of a contract and to safeguard the Company from the failure of the other party to abide by some or all of their obligations under the contract.

Under the cost-to-cost method, revenue is recognized based on the proportion of total costs incurred to total estimated costs-at-completion (“EAC”). An EAC includes all direct costs and indirect costs directly attributable to a program or allocable based on our program cost pooling arrangements. Estimates regarding the Company’s cost associated with the design, manufacture and delivery of products and services are used in determining the EAC.

We prepare EACs for our FFP and CPFF contracts and calculate estimated revenues and costs over the life of our contracts. Accounting for long-term contracts requires significant judgment relative to estimating total contract revenues and costs, in particular, assumptions relative to the amount of time to complete the contract, including the assessment of the nature and complexity of the work to be performed. The Company’s estimates are based upon the professional knowledge and experience of its engineers, program managers and other personnel, who review each long-term contract monthly to assess the contract’s schedule, performance, technical matters and EAC. Factors considered in these estimates include our historical performance, the availability, productivity and cost of labor, the nature and complexity of work to be performed, availability and cost of materials, components and subcontracts, the risk and impact of delayed performance and the level of indirect cost allocations. Changes in estimates are retrospectively applied and when adjustments in estimated contract costs are identified, such revisions may result in current period adjustments to earnings applicable to performance in prior periods. When total EACs on a contract exceed the total revenue, a provision for the entire loss is determined at the contract level and is recorded in the period in which the loss is evident.

Private Warrants

Classification of the Company’s private warrants is based on management’s analysis of the guidance in ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and in a statement issued by the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies.” The Company determined that the private warrants meet the definition of a derivative and, therefore, are classified as a liability measured at fair value, subject to remeasurement at each reporting period. The Company measures the private warrant liability at fair value each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded as other (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information contained in this discussion and analysis includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and the "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “Redwire,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Redwire Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Business Overview

Redwire is a global leader in mission critical space solutions and high-reliability space infrastructure for the next generation space economy. Our “Heritage plus Innovation” strategy enables us to combine decades of flight heritage with an agile and innovative culture creating new, innovative technologies which are the building blocks of space infrastructure for government and commercial customers.

Redwire’s primary business model is providing mission critical solutions based on core space infrastructure offerings for government and commercial customers through long-duration projects. Our core space infrastructure offerings include a broad array of modern products and services, which have been enabling space missions since the 1960s and have been flight-proven on over 200 spaceflight missions, including missions such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (“NASA”) Artemis program, New Horizons and Perseverance, the Space Forces’ GPS, and the European Space Agency’s (“ESA”) Project for On-Board Autonomy (“PROBA”) programs. We are also a provider of innovative technologies with the potential to help transform the economics of space and create new markets for its exploration and commercialization.

Recent Developments

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company continued to deliver improved operations and financial performance year-over-year.

•Revenues increased 52% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

•Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased to 28% for the year ended December 31, 2023 from 44% during the same period in 2022.

•Net loss decreased 79% for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

•Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $31.7 million during the same period in 2022.

•Contracted backlog increased year-over-year to $372.8 million as of December 31, 2023, as compared to $313.1 million as of December 31, 2022.

Macroeconomic Environment

We continue to evaluate the ongoing impact of adverse macroeconomic conditions including, among others, heightened inflation, rising interest rates, volatility in capital markets, supply chain disruptions, and regulatory challenges that have affected the Company’s cost of capital, financial condition and results of operations. During 2022, inflation and supply chain pressures adversely impacted the Company’s schedule of various programs and increased production costs, which impacted our revenues and gross margins. While the direct impact of the macroeconomic factors described above was limited during the year ended December 31, 2023, its long-term impacts on the business remain uncertain.

Results of Operations

For purposes of the following discussion and analysis, any financial impact related to the acquisition of Redwire Space NV (f/k/a QinetiQ Space NV) (“Space NV”) is referred to as the “Space NV Acquisition.”

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Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022

The following table presents our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022:

Revenues

Revenues increased by $83.3 million, or 52%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The year-over-year increase in revenues was driven by an increase of $43.3 million in contributed revenue from the Space NV Acquisition. Additionally, the increase was partially due to changes in contract mix, increase in average contract size and increased volume of production in the power generation and microgravity payloads.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales increased $54.0 million, or 41%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The year-over-year increase in cost of sales was primarily driven by increased costs associated with revenue growth for the period and $36.7 million of contributed cost of sales from the Space NV Acquisition.

Gross Margin

Gross margin increased $29.3 million, or 102%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. As a percentage of revenues, gross margin was 24% and 18% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The year-over-year increase in gross margin was primarily driven by an increase in large fixed-price contract awards as a percentage of revenues, completion of low gross margin contracts to improve the overall contract portfolio gross margin and gross margin contributions from the Space NV Acquisition.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

SG&A expenses decreased $1.8 million, or 3%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. As a percentage of revenues, SG&A expenses were 28% and 44% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The year-over-year decrease in SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue was primarily driven by a decrease in share-based compensation and legal expenses of $2.2 million and $1.6 million, respectively. This decrease also reflects the Company’s continued focus on cost discipline and streamlining corporate overhead costs to enhance operating leverage. These cost savings were partially offset by $12.8 million of contributed SG&A expenses from the Space NV Acquisition.

Transaction Expenses

Transaction expenses decreased $3.2 million or 100% for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The transaction expenses incurred during the year ended December 31, 2022 were primarily related to the

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Redwire Space Technologies, Inc. (f/k/a Techshot, Inc.) and Space NV acquisitions while there were nominal expenses incurred during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Impairment Expense

Impairment expense decreased $96.6 million or 100% for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. There was no impairment charge recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023. In comparison, during the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company performed an interim and annual quantitative impairment assessment, which resulted in a non-cash, pre- and post-tax impairment charge of $96.6 million. Of this amount, $13.1 million related to property and equipment, $2.7 million related to right-of-use assets, $30.9 million related to intangible assets and $49.9 million related to goodwill. Please refer to Note T – Impairment Expense of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 remained materially consistent as compared with the same period in 2022.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net increased $2.5 million, or 30%, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This increase was primarily related to an increase in our cost of capital due to unfavorable changes in variable interest rates on the Company’s debt obligations and increased borrowings on the revolving credit facility compared to the same period in 2022. Please refer to Note J – Debt of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company’s debt obligations.

Other (Income) Expense, net

Other (income) expense, net decreased from net other income to net other expense by $17.6 million, for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. This year-over-year decrease was primarily due to a $2.0 million loss as a result of an increase in the fair value of the Company’s private warrant liability for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $17.8 million gain for the comparable period in 2022. This was partially offset due to a reduction in other expense of $1.1 million in costs related to the committed equity facility, primarily due to non-recurring costs incurred to enter into the facility during 2022. Please refer to Note D – Fair Value of Financial Instruments of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the private warrants and committed equity facility.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The table below provides information regarding our income tax expense (benefit) for the following periods:

The decrease in our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 is primarily due to the change in the fair market valuation of warrants, change in the valuation allowance, and the non-recurring impact of the non-deductible impairment of goodwill. Please refer to Note M – Income Taxes of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

The net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests for the year ended December 31, 2023 remained materially consistent as compared with the same period in 2022.

Supplemental Non-GAAP Information

We use Adjusted EBITDA and Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions, including those relating to operating expenses and the allocation of internal resources which are not calculated in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and are considered to be Non-GAAP financial performance measures. These Non-GAAP financial performance measures are used to supplement the financial information presented on a U.S. GAAP basis and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the relevant U.S. GAAP measures and should be read in conjunction with information presented on a U.S. GAAP basis. Because not all companies use identical calculations,

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our presentation of Non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) adjusted for interest expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation and amortization, impairment expense, acquisition deal costs, acquisition integration costs, acquisition earnout costs, purchase accounting fair value adjustment related to deferred revenue, severance costs, capital market and advisory fees, litigation-related expenses, write-off of long-lived assets, equity-based compensation, committed equity facility transaction costs, debt financing costs, and warrant liability change in fair value adjustments. Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Adjusted EBITDA further adjusted for the incremental Adjusted EBITDA that acquired businesses would have contributed for the periods presented if such acquisitions had occurred on January 1 of the year in which they occurred. Accordingly, historical financial information for the businesses acquired includes pro forma adjustments calculated in a manner consistent with the concepts of Article 8 of Regulation S-X, which are ultimately added back in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA. From March 2020 through December 31, 2023, the Company has completed nine acquisitions, and as such, we believe Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA provides meaningful insights into the impact of strategic acquisitions as well as an indicative run rate of the Company’s future operating performance.

The table below presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the following periods:

i.Redwire incurred acquisition costs including due diligence, integration costs and additional expenses related to pre-acquisition activity.

ii.Redwire recorded adjustments related to the impact of recognizing deferred revenue at fair value as part of the purchase accounting for previous acquisitions.

iii.Redwire incurred severance costs related to separation agreements entered into with former employees.

iv.Redwire incurred capital market and advisory fees related to advisors assisting with transitional activities associated with becoming a public company, such as implementation of internal controls over financial reporting, and the internalization of corporate services, including, but not limited to, implementing enhanced enterprise resource planning systems.

v.Redwire incurred expenses related to the 2021 Audit Committee investigation and resulting securities litigation as further described in Note N of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

vi.Redwire incurred expenses related to equity-based compensation under Redwire’s equity-based compensation plan.

vii.Redwire incurred expenses related to the committed equity facility with B. Riley, which includes consideration paid to enter into the Purchase Agreement as well as changes in fair value recognized as a gain or loss during the respective periods.

viii.Redwire incurred expenses related to debt financing agreements, including amendment related fees paid to third parties that are expensed in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

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ix.Redwire adjusted the private warrant liability to reflect changes in fair value recognized as a gain or loss during the respective periods.

x.Pro forma impact is computed in a manner consistent with the concepts of Article 8 of Regulation S-X and represents the incremental results of a full period of operations assuming the entities acquired during the periods presented were acquired from January 1 of the year in which they occurred. For the periods presented, the pro forma impact included the results of Space NV.

Key Performance Indicators

The following Key Performance Indicators (“KPIs”) are used by Management to assess the financial performance of the Company, monitor relevant trends and support financial, operational and strategic decision-making. Management frequently monitors and evaluates KPIs against internal targets, core business objectives as well as industry peers and may, on occasion, change the mix or calculation of KPIs to better align with the business, its operating environment, standard industry metrics, or other considerations. If the Company changes the method by which it calculates or presents a KPI, prior period disclosures are recast to conform to current presentation.

During the first quarter of 2023, we made the following changes with respect to our KPIs:

•Changed the book-to-bill calculation to present this metric on an Last Twelve Months (“LTM”) basis, whereas prior period disclosures were presented on a year-to-date basis. Book-to-bill LTM is calculated by aggregation of quarterly revenues and contracts awarded for the last four quarters.

•Changed the backlog calculation to present only contracted backlog, whereas prior period disclosures also presented uncontracted backlog. There was no change in the calculation of contracted backlog.

Management believes these presentation changes will provide meaningful insights into contract award trends and increase comparability of the Company’s performance metrics with industry peers.

Book-to-Bill

Our book-to-bill ratio was as follows for the periods presented:

Book-to-bill is the ratio of total contracts awarded to revenues recorded in the same period. The contracts awarded balance includes firm contract orders, including time-and-material (“T&M”) contracts, awarded during the period and does not include unexercised contract options or potential orders under indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts. Although the contracts awarded balance reflects firm contract orders, terminations, amendments, or contract cancellations may occur which could result in a reduction to the contracts awarded balance.

We view book-to-bill as an indicator of future revenue growth potential. To drive future revenue growth, our goal is for the level of contracts awarded in a given period to exceed the revenue recorded, thus yielding a book-to-bill ratio greater than 1.0.

Our book-to-bill ratio was 1.23 for the LTM ended December 31, 2023, as compared to 2.04 for the LTM ended December 31, 2022. For the LTM ended December 31, 2023, none of the contracts awarded balance relates to acquired contract value. For the LTM ended December 31, 2022, contracts awarded includes $109.8 million of acquired contract value from the Space NV acquisition, which was completed in the fourth quarter of 2022.

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Backlog

The following table presents our contracted backlog as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and related activity for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022.

We view growth in backlog as a key measure of our business growth. Contracted backlog represents the estimated dollar value of firm funded executed contracts for which work has not been performed (also known as the remaining performance obligations on a contract). Our contracted backlog includes $19.3 million and $37.4 million in remaining contract value from T&M contracts as of December 31, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022, respectively.

Organic backlog change excludes backlog activity from acquisitions for the first four full quarters since the entities’ acquisition date. Contracted backlog activity for the first four full quarters since the entities’ acquisition date is included in acquisition-related contracted backlog change. After the completion of four fiscal quarters, acquired entities are treated as organic for current and comparable historical periods.

Organic contract value includes the remaining contract value as of January 1 not yet recognized as revenue and additional orders awarded during the period for those entities treated as organic. Acquisition-related contract value includes remaining contract value as of the acquisition date not yet recognized as revenue and additional orders awarded during the period for entities not treated as organic. Organic revenue includes revenue earned during the period presented for those entities treated as organic, while acquisition-related revenue includes the same for all other entities, excluding any pre-acquisition revenue earned during the period. There is no acquisition-related backlog activity presented in the table above as all acquired entities have completed four fiscal quarters post-acquisition.

Although contracted backlog reflects business associated with contracts that are considered to be firm, terminations, amendments or contract cancellations may occur, which could result in a reduction in our total backlog. In addition, some of our multi-year contracts are subject to annual funding. Management fully expects all amounts reflected in contracted backlog to ultimately be fully funded. Contracted backlog from foreign operations in Luxembourg and Belgium was $106.0 million and $129.9 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These amounts are subject to foreign exchange rate translations from euros to U.S. dollars that could cause the remaining backlog balance to fluctuate with the foreign exchange rate at the time of measurement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our operations are primarily funded with cash flows provided by operating activities, access to existing credit facilities, proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the B. Riley (as defined below) committed equity facility and proceeds from the 2022 sale of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2023, we had $30.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and $18.0 million in available borrowings from our existing credit facilities.

Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are for the Company’s material cash requirements, including working capital needs, satisfaction of our indebtedness and contractual commitments, investment in expanding our breadth and footprint through acquisitions as well as investment in facilities, equipment, technologies, and research and development for our growth initiatives and general corporate needs.

Our ability to fund our cash needs is dependent upon the successful execution of our business strategy and future operating results. Our future operating results are subject to, among others, general economic conditions, including as a result of heightened inflation, rising interest rates and supply chain pressures, competitive dynamics in our target markets as well as legislative and regulatory factors that may be outside of our control. As part of our business and debt management strategy, we continuously evaluate opportunities to further strengthen our financial and liquidity position, including the issuance of additional equity or debt securities, refinance or otherwise restructure our existing credit facilities, or enter into new financing arrangements. There can be no assurance that any of

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these actions will be sufficient to allow us to service our debt obligations, meet our debt covenants, or that such actions will not result in an adverse impact on our business. In the event that we require additional financing, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all.

We believe our existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs and comply with our debt covenants for at least the next twelve months from the date on which our consolidated financial statements were issued.

Indebtedness

Please refer to Note J – Debt of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company’s debt obligations.

Committed Equity Facility

On April 14, 2022, the Company entered into an $80.0 million common stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC (“B. Riley”). The Purchase Agreement governs a committed equity facility that provides the Company with the right, without obligation, to sell and issue up to $80.0 million of its common stock over a period of 24 months to B. Riley at the Company’s sole discretion, subject to certain limitations and conditions. Please refer to Note D – Fair Value of Financial Instruments of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Net proceeds under the Purchase Agreement to the Company will depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells shares of its common stock to B. Riley. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from this Purchase Agreement to further support its growth strategy through initiatives such as accretive acquisitions and internal investments, to bolster working capital and/or for general corporate purposes.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold a total of 497,392 shares of the Company’s common stock for net proceeds of $1.2 million pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 7,592,939 registered shares available for purchase under the committed equity facility.

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023:

As of December 31, 2023, the Company entered into an economic development agreement to serve as the anchor tenant at the Novaparke Innovation & Technology Campus in Floyd County, Indiana. In accordance with the agreement, the Company has committed to enter into a lease for a 30,000 square foot property upon completion of construction. Construction is not anticipated to be complete until fiscal year 2025, at which time the Company will enter into the associated lease agreement.

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Cash Flows

The table below summarizes certain information from the consolidated statements of cash flows for the following periods:

Operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $31.7 million during the same period in 2022, resulting in a $32.9 million decrease in the use of cash year-over-year. The change was primarily due to a decrease of $30.2 million in cash used related to the Company’s net loss and non-cash adjustments for the year ended December 31, 2023 in comparison to the same period in 2022 and an increase in cash provided by working capital related to increases in deferred revenue of $22.7 million partially offset by an increase in contract assets and accounts receivable of $5.4 million and $5.6 million, respectively, and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $3.3 million. The changes in contract assets, accounts receivable and deferred revenue were primarily driven by the timing of billable milestones during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses is primarily a result of timing of payments and invoice receipt.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities decreased $29.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease is primarily due to $33.2 million of cash used for the acquisition of Space NV in 2022, for which there is no comparable activity for the year ended December 31, 2023. This was partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures related to licensed software for internal-use.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 decreased $67.5 million compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily due to proceeds received of $81.3 million from the issuance of convertible preferred stock during 2022, for which there is no comparable activity for the year ended December 31, 2023. This was partially offset by an increase in net proceeds received from debt $10.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to net repayments of $1.0 million in the same period in 2022. The increase in proceeds received from debt was driven primarily by increased draws from the Adams Street Revolving Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022.

Foreign Currency Exposures

Our operations in Belgium and Luxembourg conduct transactions that are primarily denominated in euros, which limits our foreign currency exposure. However, changes in exchange rates will affect the Company’s consolidated financial statements as expressed in U.S. dollars.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. For the critical accounting estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements, we make assumptions and judgments that can have a significant impact on net revenues, cost and expenses, and other (income) expense, net, in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), as well as, on the value of certain assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. We base our assumptions, judgments and estimates on historical experience and various other factors

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that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to the understanding of our consolidated financial statements and require the use of significant management judgment. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, please refer to Note B – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill, Intangible and Long-lived Assets

Overview

The Company allocates the purchase price of an acquired business to the underlying tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at acquisition date, with the excess recorded as goodwill. Identifiable finite-lived intangible assets from acquired businesses primarily consist of technology, trademarks, and customer relationships. The accounting for business combinations requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to goodwill, intangible assets, and contingent consideration, which can be affected by contract performance and other factors over time. This may cause final amounts to differ materially from original estimates. Adjustments to the fair value of purchased assets and liabilities after the initial measurement period are recognized in net earnings.

Impairment Testing

The Company assesses goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually for impairment as of October 1st, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may be impaired. Such events or circumstances may include, but are not limited to:

•deterioration in overall economic conditions;

•failure to reach our internal forecasts could impact our ability to achieve our forecasted levels of cash flows;

•adverse technological events that could impact our performance;

•volatility in equity and debt markets resulting in higher discount rates; and

•significant adverse changes in the regulatory environment or markets in which we operate.

Our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are allocated to and tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. The Company has four reporting units, Mission Solutions, Space Components, Engineering Services, and Redwire Europe, which were determined based on similar economic characteristics, financial metrics and product and servicing offerings. We may use both qualitative and quantitative approaches when testing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. In circumstances where a qualitative analysis indicates that the fair value of a reporting unit does not exceed its carrying value, a quantitative analysis is performed using an income approach.

When performing a quantitative analysis, the fair value of the Company’s reporting units are generally determined using a combination of an income approach based on a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model as well as a market approach based on guideline public company revenues and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization multiples. Determining the fair value requires the exercise of significant judgments, including the amount and timing of expected future cash flows, long-term growth rates, discount rates and relevant comparable public company earnings multiples and relevant transaction multiples. The cash flows employed in the DCF analysis are based on the Company best estimate of future revenues, gross margins, operating expenses, and cash flows with consideration for other factors, such as general market conditions, U.S. and foreign government budgets, existing contracted and uncontracted backlog, subcontractor agreements, changes in working capital, long-term business plans and historical operating performance. These estimates and judgments are based upon information available at the time and have been deemed reasonable by management as of the measurement date. The discount rates utilized in the DCF model are based on the respective reporting unit’s weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”), which takes into account the relative weights of debt and equity components within the Company’s existing capital structure and represents the expected cost of new capital, adjusted as appropriate to consider the risk inherent in future cash flows of the respective reporting unit. Actual results could differ from these assumptions.

During 2023, the Company performed its annual impairment tests for each of our reporting units and concluded there were no indicators that the fair value was more likely than not below carrying value. Therefore, no quantitative assessment was performed and no goodwill impairment was recognized during 2023. During 2022, the Company performed interim and annual impairment tests on its intangible assets, including goodwill, which resulted in impairment recognized during 2022. Please refer to Note T – Impairment Expense of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Finite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets are amortized to expense over their estimated useful life on a straight-line basis or over the period the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed. The Company evaluates its intangible and long-lived

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assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may be impaired. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset or asset group may be impaired, the sum of the undiscounted expected future cash flows of the asset or asset group are compared to the asset or asset group’s carrying value. If the asset or asset group’s carrying value exceed the sum of undiscounted cash flows, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of carrying amount over the estimated fair value of the asset or asset group.

During 2023, the Company identified no triggering events and therefore, no impairment assessment was performed on its intangible and long-lived assets. During 2022, the Company identified triggering events and performed impairment tests on its long-lived assets, including right-of-use assets. Please refer to Note T – Impairment Expense of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Revenue Recognition

The Company engages in long-term contracts, including firm fixed-price (“FFP”), cost-plus fixed fee (“CPFF”) and T&M for production and service activities. The Company recognizes revenue for performance obligations over time using the cost-to-cost method for FFP and CPFF contracts. Revenue from T&M contracts is recognized based on the number of direct labor hours expended in the performance of a contract multiplied by the contract billing rate, as well as reimbursement of other direct billable costs. Revenue is recognized over time for FFP and CPFF contracts (versus point in time recognition) due to the fact that the Company’s performance creates an asset with no alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. The portion of the payments retained by the customer or advance payment is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to facilitate inventory demands at the onset of a contract and to safeguard the Company from the failure of the other party to abide by some or all of their obligations under the contract.

Under the cost-to-cost method, revenue is recognized based on the proportion of total costs incurred to total estimated costs-at-completion (“EAC”). An EAC includes all direct costs and indirect costs directly attributable to a program or allocable based on our program cost pooling arrangements. Estimates regarding the Company’s cost associated with the design, manufacture and delivery of products and services are used in determining the EAC.

We prepare EACs for our FFP and CPFF contracts and calculate estimated revenues and costs over the life of our contracts. Accounting for long-term contracts requires significant judgment relative to estimating total contract revenues and costs, in particular, assumptions relative to the amount of time to complete the contract, including the assessment of the nature and complexity of the work to be performed. The Company’s estimates are based upon the professional knowledge and experience of its engineers, program managers and other personnel, who review each long-term contract monthly to assess the contract’s schedule, performance, technical matters and EAC. Factors considered in these estimates include our historical performance, the availability, productivity and cost of labor, the nature and complexity of work to be performed, availability and cost of materials, components and subcontracts, the risk and impact of delayed performance and the level of indirect cost allocations. Changes in estimates are retrospectively applied and when adjustments in estimated contract costs are identified, such revisions may result in current period adjustments to earnings applicable to performance in prior periods. When total EACs on a contract exceed the total revenue, a provision for the entire loss is determined at the contract level and is recorded in the period in which the loss is evident.

Post-retirement Benefit Plans

Through the Space NV acquisition, the Company sponsors various post-retirement benefit plans for certain non-U.S. employees including three cash balance plans: (i) a defined benefit pension plan with risk-based coverage for death and disability benefits (collectively, the “Base Plan”) and (ii) two supplementary pension bonus plans that provide variable remuneration linked to employees’ performance (the “Performance Plans”). These cash balance plans are defined benefit plans which provide for post-retirement benefits based on employee and employer contributions and prescribed rates of return in accordance with Belgium Regulation. Accordingly, all Space NV employees are eligible to participate in the supplementary pensions immediately upon entry into service and until the legal age of retirement. The Company is also required to maintain dormant accounts for former employees who have elected not to transfer plan contributions to their new employer. In addition, Belgium Regulation currently provides for statutory minimum guaranteed returns on employee and employer contributions up to a specified annual rate.

It is the Company’s policy to cover 100% of all benefit obligations associated with supplementary pensions, bonus pensions, and other post-retirement benefits (i.e., death and disability) through group insurance policies. Pursuant to the group insurance policies, the insurance entities unconditionally undertakes a legal obligation to provide specified benefits to specific individuals in return for a fixed consideration or premium. This transfer of the benefit obligation is irrevocable and involves the transfer of substantially all risk from the Company to the insurance entity. Under the Company’s group insurance policies, the insurance company guarantees minimum statutory reserves, employee and employer contributions, and specified annual rates of return. Combined employee and employer premiums are invested by the insurance company in Branch 21 investment funds in accordance with Belgium Regulation, which are mainly comprised of fixed income assets, which are commingled with the plan assets of other group insurances for the purpose of

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providing guaranteed returns. The insurance company has fiduciary responsibility for making investment decisions related to Branch 21 and there is no contractual requirement to legally separate the plan assets by individual account or group policy.

As a result of the foregoing, the Company has determined that the unit of account is the insurance contract and therefore, on a plan-by-plan basis, recognizes the net funded status as either a net asset recorded within other non-current assets or a net liability recorded within other non-current liabilities within the consolidated financial statements. The funded status is measured as the difference between the fair value of each plan’s assets and the benefit obligation. The fair value of each plan’s assets and benefit obligation is measured annually, or more frequently, upon the occurrence of certain events such as a significant plan amendment, settlement, or curtailment.

Actuarial Assumptions

The benefit obligations and assets of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans are measured using actuarial valuations, which are derived based on the terms of the insurance contract and other key assumptions provided for under Belgium Regulation. The assumptions made in this analysis affect both the calculation of the benefit obligations as of the measurement date and the calculation of net periodic pension costs in subsequent periods. When reassessing these assumptions, the Company considers past and current market conditions and makes judgments about future market trends. The Company also considers factors such as the timing and amounts of expected contributions to the plans and expected benefit payments to plan participants. The following disclosures include information related to key assumptions used to determine the projected benefit obligation and plan assets, which drive the net funded status recognized on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

For the calculation of the projected benefit obligation, all statutory minimum reserves are based on premiums paid by the employee and employer, plus guaranteed returns provided for under Belgium Regulation. Under the terms of the insurance contracts, all minimum reserves are provided 100% coverage while the return on plan assets is guaranteed for an additional amount plus opportunities for profit sharing as determined by the insurance entity. The difference between historical guaranteed rates of return and the guarantee provided by the insurance entity plus any profit sharing allocated to the participant accounts results in an unfunded or funded status that represents the Company’s projected benefit obligation for the respective plans.

The amount of plan assets includes amounts contributed by the employee and employer and amounts earned from investing the contributions, less benefits paid. In accordance with the Company’s group insurance policies, contributions are invested in commingled investment funds, consisting of underlying equity and fixed income securities, respectively. In accordance with Belgium Regulation, a member of a supplementary pension plan whose employment contract comes to an end has the right to transfer their vested reserves to the pension institution of their new employer, contingent upon certain conditions. Accordingly, for Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 715 purposes, the best evidence of fair value for plan assets is the cash surrender value.

Differences between the actual return and expected return on plan assets during the year and changes in the benefit obligation for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans due to changes in the annual valuation assumptions generate actuarial gains or losses. Additionally, the benefit obligation for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans may increase or decrease as a result of plan amendments that affect the benefits to plan participants related to service for periods prior to the effective date of the amendment, which generates prior service costs or credits. The Company has elected to immediately recognize actuarial gains and losses as a component of net periodic pension cost for both plan assets and obligations.

Net Periodic Benefit Cost

Net periodic benefit cost is estimated at the beginning of the year, based on beginning-of-the-year (or end-of-prior-year) plan balances and assumptions. These costs are presented in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as follows:

•Service cost are included with other employee compensation costs within cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses.

•The other components of net benefit cost are presented within other (income) expense, net, outside of operating expenses.

Income Taxes

Significant judgments are required in order to determine the realizability of tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future sources of taxable income, carry-forward periods available, the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies and other relevant factors. The Company recognizes a tax benefit only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement.

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Private Warrants

Classification of the Company’s private warrants is based on management’s analysis of the guidance in ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and in a statement issued by the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies.” The Company determined that the private warrants meet the definition of a derivative and, therefore, are classified as a liability measured at fair value, subject to remeasurement at each reporting period. The Company measures the private warrant liability at fair value each reporting period with the change in fair value recorded as other (income) expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Certain information contained in this discussion and analysis includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. For information identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and the "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to the “Company,” “Redwire,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Redwire Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Business Overview

Redwire is a global leader in space infrastructure - we provide the foundational building blocks that are enabling the most complex space missions. With decades of flight heritage combined with the agile and innovative culture of a commercial space platform, we are uniquely positioned to assist our customers in solving the complex challenges of future space missions.

With decades of proven flight heritage uniquely combined with innovative products and culture, Redwire is uniquely positioned to assist our customers in solving the complex challenges of future space missions and industries. Redwire has three primary areas of focus that form our business: (1) Enabling space mission providers, such as government agencies and large prime contractors, with a broad portfolio of space infrastructure, systems, subsystems, and components; (2) Providing the infrastructure and technology needed

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for people to permanently explore, live and work in space; and (3) assisting international spacefaring allies in the development of organic space capabilities.

Redwire is a global leader in space infrastructure enabling space mission providers with the foundational building blocks needed for their complex space missions to succeed. Space infrastructure is critical to our terrestrial economy in areas such as telecommunications, navigation and timing, climate monitoring, weather forecasting, Earth observation, national security, and even planetary defense. Redwire does not offer full mission solutions for all these areas, but our government and marquee customers such as government agencies and large prime contractors do. We offer a broad array of products and services, many of which have been enabling space missions since the 1960s and have been flight-proven on over 200 spaceflight missions, including missions such as the GPS constellation, New Horizons and Perseverance. We are also a provider of innovative technologies with the potential to help transform the economics of space and create new markets for its exploration and commercialization. One example of this is our proprietary roll out solar array (ROSA) systems. Other examples of our proprietary technologies include deployable structures, human-rated camera systems and digital engineering

Redwire plays a critical role for people to Explore, Live and Work in space.

•Explore: For decades, we have played a critical role in historic space exploration missions, such as NASA’s Mars Perseverance Rover. More recently, we served our partner Lockheed Martin and our customer NASA by providing the ”Eyes of Orion” for NASA’s Artemis I mission.

•Live: NASA has laid out a plan to decommission and deorbit the ISS by 2031. As a result, commercial space station development to replace the ISS is anticipated to occur over the next eight years. Redwire ROSA power solutions, berthing and docking mechanisms, robotics and other key technologies are expected to be major subsystems for this opportunity.

•Work: We are a leader in microgravity research and development on the ISS, with over 20 payloads developed and deployed. As commercial space stations and new space industries become a reality, demand is expected to increase for advanced in-space manufacturing and biotech facilities that generate new materials and breakthrough medical treatments manufactured in microgravity.

With the recently renewed global fascination with space, international spacefaring allies need a partner like Redwire to develop their organic space capabilities. With the acquisition of Belgium-based Redwire Space NV, we have a unique portfolio of highly synergistic and complementary core space infrastructure offerings that significantly enhance our access to addressable markets in Europe and the rest of the world. Redwire’s acquisition of Space NV comes as space budgets in Europe increase, with the European Space Agency receiving a 17% increase in budget compared to 2019. Across the globe, many nations see space as a unique opportunity to build national prestige and expand their economies. In addition to the U.S. and Europe, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Hungary, Poland, and India, are making notable investments in space technology, thereby significantly increasing the total addressable market for Redwire.

While Redwire has grown organically, we also continue to integrate several acquisitions from a fragmented landscape of space-focused technology companies with innovative capabilities and deep flight heritage. Many of our technologies are flight-proven and have been adopted by a broad range of customers across national security, civil and commercial space. Combining heritage and innovation has enabled us to accelerate the delivery of these disruptive technologies.

We believe the space economy is at an inflection point. The reduction of launch costs over the last decade has eliminated the single largest economic barrier to entry for the expanded utilization of space, and the increasing cadence of launches provides more flexible, reliable access. This lower cost access has resulted in both the expansion and modernization of traditional national security and civil uses of space and has enticed new commercial entrants to invest substantial capital to develop new space-based business models. Our goal is to provide a full suite of infrastructure solutions, including mission-critical components, services and systems that will contribute to a dramatic expansion of the space-based economy. We believe that our products and services are essential to the growth of space as a strategic military and commercial domain, as well as a frontier for science and exploration.

Recent Developments

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company continued to serve as a critical mission partner to commercial, civil, and national security customers with operational wins in areas such as power systems and structures, LEO commercialization and human space flight, as well as navigation, avionics and engineering solutions. Revenues, bookings and deliveries have gained momentum due to a virtuous cycle of quality performance leading to growing contracts in high-growth product lines. In addition, the Company’s go-to-market strategy has expanded work share with new and existing customers. These developments represent the Company’s continued enablement of the missions of today and demonstrate our dedication to accelerating humanity’s expansion into space by delivering reliable, economical, and sustainable infrastructure for future generations. Our products and technologies are enabling multiple constellations and multi-shipset, multi-year programs for commercial partners and government agencies, such as the Space

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Development Agency (“SDA”), the U.S. Space Force, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (“NASA”), and commercial customers.

Of particular note among our year-to-date accomplishments: in the first quarter of 2022, the Company successfully delivered multiple L-Band Link-16 Helical Antenna systems for the first generation of the SDA’s National Defense Space Architecture constellation’s Transport Layer. In the second quarter of 2022, Redwire engaged with an undisclosed customer to begin design and delivery of 42 high gain antennas. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company continued to deliver on expansion orders for this product offering to our National Security customers.

The Company continues to provide solar array solutions for a variety of customers, including early delivery relative to its baseline schedule of the fourth Roll-Out Solar Array (“ROSA”) solar array for augmentation of the International Space Station’s (“ISS”) power generation capabilities. Following up on the successful installation of wings 1 and 2 in 2021 and wings 3 and 4 in 2022, wings 5 and 6 are scheduled to be launched in 2023. In addition, wings 7 and 8 were awarded in 2022 to complete the ISS power system upgrade in 2024. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company also delivered additional shipsets of ROSA arrays to multiple commercial customers and expanded our ROSA product line backlog. ROSA is an innovative solar array technology proprietary to Redwire and is operating on a variety of missions such as NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (“DART”). In September 2022, NASA’s DART spacecraft, powered by two ROSA wings and guided by digital sun sensors produced by the Company, crashed into the asteroid moonlet Dimorphos and successfully completed the world’s first full-scale planetary defense test mission. The Company’s solar array product lines have a robust and growing backlog, including the Power and Propulsion Element of the Lunar Gateway and a variety of small low Earth orbit (“LEO”) satellites. To support anticipated growth of the ROSA, rigid panel solar arrays, and deployable structures product line, the Company opened a new facility in Goleta, CA in the third quarter of 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company introduced new product configurations and entered into new strategic relationships to expand its total addressable market and support future growth opportunities for the star trackers, sun sensors, and camera systems product lines. In addition, the Company’s digital engineering teams continued to deliver modeling and simulation demonstrations for multiple customers. Cost increases and additional research and development investment in this area impacted the Company’s performance for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company expects to continue to invest in technologies and infrastructure to increase production capacity and operating leverage through the remainder of 2022.

Merger with Genesis Park Acquisition Corp. (“GPAC”)

On March 25, 2021, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among GPAC, Shepard Merger Sub Corporation, a Delaware corporation and direct, wholly owned subsidiary of GPAC (“Merger Sub”), Cosmos Intermediate, LLC (“Cosmos”) and AE Red Holdings, LLC formerly known as Redwire, LLC (“Holdings”).

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the parties completed a business combination transaction by which, (i) GPAC domesticated as a Delaware corporation in accordance with Section 388 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands (the “Domestication”), (ii) Merger Sub merged with and into Cosmos, with Cosmos being the surviving entity in the merger (the “First Merger”), and (iii) immediately following the First Merger, Cosmos merged with and into GPAC, with GPAC being the surviving entity in the merger (the “Second Merger” and, together with the First Merger, the “Mergers” or the “Merger” and, together with the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, the “Transactions”). In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we refer to the Domestication and the Transactions, collectively, as the “Merger”.

On September 2, 2021, the Company consummated the Merger. Upon the closing of the Merger, GPAC was renamed to Redwire Corporation. The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in which GPAC was treated as the acquired company. A reverse recapitalization does not result in a new basis of accounting, and the consolidated financial statements of the combined entity represent the continuation of the consolidated financial statements of the Company in many respects. In Space Inc. (“MIS”) was deemed the accounting predecessor and the combined entity is the successor SEC registrant, Redwire Corporation.

The aggregate consideration paid to Holdings consisted of a combination of cash and stock. The cash consideration was comprised of $75.0 million (such amount, the “Closing Cash Consideration”). The remainder of the consideration was comprised of (i) 37,200,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of GPAC (the “Closing Share Consideration”) and (ii) 2,000,000 warrants to purchase one share of common stock per warrant (the “Closing Warrant Consideration”), with such amount of warrants corresponding to the forfeiture of certain warrants acquired by GPAC’s Sponsor, Genesis Park Holdings, a Cayman Islands limited liability company and Jefferies LLC in connection with GPAC’s initial public offering. At the effective time of the First Merger, the units of Cosmos were canceled and automatically deemed for all purposes to represent the right to receive, in the aggregate, the Closing Cash Consideration, the Closing Share Consideration and the Closing Warrant Consideration.

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Impact of Macroeconomic Environment and COVID-19

We continue to evaluate the ongoing impact of the macroeconomic environment and COVID-19 pandemic. Adverse macroeconomic conditions including, among others, heightened inflation, rising interest rates, volatility in capital markets, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages, regulatory challenges, and the ongoing impact of COVID-19 pandemic have affected the Company’s cost of capital, financial condition and results of operations. Decreases in the availability, cost and delivery of supplies have caused shortages and delays for the procurement of raw materials, components and other supplies required to fulfill the Company’s performance obligations.

The macroeconomic environment and COVID-19 pandemic have impacted the cost and schedule of numerous programs in our existing backlog resulting in program execution delays. We are also observing stress in our domestic and foreign supplier base, which is tied to global supply chain constraints, labor shortages, inflationary pressures and financial market volatility. The near and long-term implication of these delays and the timing of new awards remains uncertain.

During 2022, inflation and supply chain pressures have resulted in unfavorable cost estimates at completion (“EAC”) adjustments related to increased production costs, which has impacted our revenues, primarily in the Mission Solutions reporting unit, increased research and development costs, and increased cost of capital. To date, these factors have had a material adverse effect on our results of operations including the impairment expense recorded in the second and fourth quarter of 2022. Please refer to Note G, Note H, Note I and Note T of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

We will continue to monitor and assess the actual and potential impacts of these matters on employees, customers, suppliers, all of which, to some extent, have and will continue to impact revenues, estimated costs to complete projects, earnings and cash flow.

Committed Equity Facility

On April 14, 2022, the Company entered into an $80.0 million common stock purchase agreement (“Purchase Agreement”) with B. Riley Principal Capital, LLC (“B. Riley”) to further support its growth strategy through initiatives such as accretive acquisitions and internal investments, to bolster working capital, and/or for general corporate purposes. Please refer to Note P of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Convertible Preferred Stock Offering

On October 28, 2022, the Company filed a Certificate of Designation describing the terms and conditions of newly issued Series A convertible preferred stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”), with 88,000 total shares constituting the series. On the same date, the Company entered into (i) an investment agreement (the “AEI Investment Agreement”) with AE Industrial Partners Fund II, LP (“AEI Fund II”) and AE Industrial Partners Structured Solutions I, LP (“AEI Structured Solutions”, and together with AEI Fund II, (“AEI”), and (ii) an investment agreement (the “Bain Capital Investment Agreement,” and together with the AEI Investment Agreement, the “Investment Agreements”) with BCC Redwire Aggregator, LP (“Bain Capital”). Pursuant to the Investment Agreements, the Company sold an aggregate of 80,000 shares (the “Purchased Shares”) of the Convertible Preferred Stock to AEI and Bain Capital, for an aggregate purchase price of $80.0 million. The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the sale to finance the acquisition of Space NV. In addition, the Company intends to utilize the remaining proceeds to continue capitalizing on the growing market for space infrastructure which may include (i) investing in current capabilities which the Company believes will assist in meeting customer demand and in expanding current Company offerings; (ii) expanding and diversifying the Company’s global infrastructure offerings; and (iii) increasing the total available liquidity of the Company.

Under the terms of the investment agreements with each of Bain Capital and AEI, they hold, in the aggregate, 80,000 shares of newly issued Convertible Preferred Stock, with Bain Capital holding 50,000 shares and AEI holding 30,000 shares. The Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price of $3.05 per share, subject to customary anti-dilution and price protective adjustments. The Convertible Preferred Stock can be converted into Common Stock at any time, and is subject to mandatory conversion upon thresholds related to the Company’s market capitalization and profitability metrics.

In addition, on November 7 and 8, 2022, the Company entered into additional investment agreements (the “Additional Investment Agreements”) with various investors (collectively, the “Additional Investors”) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold a total of 1,250 shares of the Convertible Preferred Stock to the Additional Investors for an aggregate purchase price of $1.25 million. Please refer to Note O of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

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Acquisition Activity

On October 31, 2022, the Company acquired 100% of the equity interests in Redwire Space NV (f/k/a QinetiQ Space NV) (“Space NV”) for $36.9 million (€36.8 million) in cash. Space NV was founded in 1983 and is a Belgium-based commercial space business providing design and integration of critical space infrastructure and other instruments for end-to-end space missions. Space NV has over 35 years of mission heritage in orbit, delivering observation, platforms, science, navigation and secure communications critical infrastructure to civil and commercial space customers, including the European Space Agency (“ESA”) and the Belgian Science Policy Office (“BELSPO”). Space NV’s core product offerings complement Redwire’s portfolio and include advanced payloads, small satellite technology, berthing and docking equipment and space instruments. Space NV is expected to provide Redwire with enhanced scale and innovation capabilities across numerous high-growth space areas, an expanded total addressable market and increased exposure to European customers. Please refer to Note C of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Results of Operations

Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021

The following table presents our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 expressed in U.S. thousands of dollars, along with the percentage of revenues and the dollar and percent change compared to the prior period:

For purposes of the following discussion and analysis, any financial impact related to the acquisition of Oakman Aerospace, Inc. (“Oakman”), Deployable Space Systems, Inc. (“DPSS”) and Techshot, Inc. (“Techshot”) is collectively referred to as the “2021 Acquisitions.”

Revenues

Revenues increased by $22.9 million, or 17%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The year-over-year increase in revenues was primarily driven by $8.8 million of contributed revenue from the Techshot acquisition and $11.7 million of contributed revenue from the Space NV acquisition as well as changes in contract mix and the timing of product deliveries in the deployables and engineering solutions space. This activity was partially offset by the timing of subcontracted work in addition to macroeconomic headwinds, including inflation and supply chain pressures, that resulted in unfavorable EAC adjustments and increased production costs, primarily in the Mission Solutions reporting unit.

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Cost of Sales

Cost of sales increased $23.6 million, or 22%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The year-over-year increase in cost of sales was primarily driven by increased costs associated with revenue growth for the period, $6.6 million of contributed cost of sales from the Techshot acquisition and $9.2 million of contributed cost of sales from the Space NV acquisition, as well as the macroeconomic factors discussed above, primarily in the Mission Solutions reporting unit.

Gross Margin

Gross margin decreased $0.7 million, or 2%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. As a percentage of sales, gross margin was 18% and 21% for the year ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The year-over-year decrease in gross margin was primarily driven by changes in contract mix and an increase in production costs due to macroeconomic factors discussed above, primarily in the Mission Solutions reporting unit.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses decreased $8.4 million, or 11%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The year-over-year decrease in SG&A was primarily driven by a reduction in equity-based compensation expense of $16.8 million related to profit interest awards that were fully expended during the year ended December 31, 2021. This was partially offset by increased payroll costs related to our expanded workforce of $6.5 million and $2.6 million contributed SG&A from the Space NV acquisition.

Contingent Earnout Expense

Contingent earnout expenses decreased $11.3 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. Earnout expense in the year ended December 31, 2021 related to a settlement agreement the Company executed with MIS regarding the contingent earnout payment set forth in the purchase agreement and a Roccor contingent earnout payment. There was no such expense or payment recognized during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Transaction Expenses

Transaction expenses decreased $1.8 million, or 35%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The transaction expenses incurred in the year ended December 31, 2022 were primarily related to the acquisitions of Techshot and Space NV, while transaction expenses incurred in the year ended December 31, 2021 included the 2021 Acquisitions.

Impairment Expense

Impairment expense increased $96.6 million, or 100%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. During the second and fourth quarter of 2022, the Company performed an interim and annual quantitative goodwill and long-lived asset impairment test and recorded a non-cash, pre-tax and post-tax impairment charge of $96.6 million. Of this amount, $13.1 million related to property, plant and equipment, $30.9 million related to intangible assets, $2.7 million related to right-of-use assets and $49.9 million related to goodwill. There was no such impairment charge during the year ended December 31, 2021. Please refer to Note G, Note H, Note I, Note K and Note T of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to impairment.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses increased $0.4 million, or 9%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by the strategic decision to invest in future technologies despite macroeconomic factors that increased the cost of research and development activities. The remaining increase was due to varied spending on projects related to solar arrays, modeling and simulation environments, and technologies related to low Earth orbit commercialization, including biofabrication, polymer and metal manufacturing, and cold stowage services. Contributed expenses from the Techshot acquisition was $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Interest Expense, net

Interest expense, net increased $1.8 million, or 27.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily related to an increase in the Company’s cost of capital due to the increase in variable interest rates as well as the debt financing activities undertaken during the year ended December 31, 2022. Please refer to Note J of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the Company’s debt obligations.

Other (Income) Expense, net

Other (income) expense, net increased $12.2 million, or 319%, for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended

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December 31, 2021. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to a gain recognized as a result of a decrease in the fair value of the private warrant liability of $17.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was partially offset by $0.8 million of costs incurred as a result of executing the Purchase Agreement with B. Riley and a $0.5 million loss recognized as a result of a decrease in the fair value of the Committed Equity Facility. Please refer to Note D of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the private warrants and the Committed Equity Facility. Please refer to Note P of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information related to the Purchase Agreement with B. Riley.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The table below provides information regarding our income tax expense (benefit) for the following periods:

The decrease in our effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 is primarily due to the impact of nondeductible impairment and the valuation of warrants during the year ended December 31, 2022. Please refer to Note M of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests

The decrease in net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 is due to the noncontrolling portion of net income (loss) related to the Company’s variable interest in Redu Operations Services SA/NV (“ROS”) for 2022. There was no such comparable amounts during the prior year. Please refer to Note V of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Supplemental Non-GAAP Information

We use Adjusted EBITDA and Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions, including those relating to operating expenses and the allocation of internal resources which are not calculated in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and are considered to be Non-GAAP financial performance measures. These Non-GAAP financial performance measures are used to supplement the financial information presented on a U.S. GAAP basis and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the relevant U.S. GAAP measures and should be read in conjunction with information presented on a U.S. GAAP basis. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of Non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) adjusted for interest expense (income), net, income tax (benefit) expense, depreciation and amortization, impairment expense, acquisition deal costs, acquisition integration costs, acquisition earnout costs, purchase accounting fair value adjustment related to deferred revenue, severance costs, capital market and advisory fees, litigation-related expenses, write-off of long-lived assets, equity-based compensation, committed equity facility transaction costs, debt financing costs, and warrant liability fair value adjustments. Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Adjusted EBITDA further adjusted for the incremental Adjusted EBITDA that acquired businesses would have contributed for the periods presented if such acquisitions had occurred on January 1 of the year in which they occurred. Accordingly, historical financial information for the businesses acquired includes pro forma adjustments calculated in a manner consistent with the concepts of Article 8 of Regulation S-X, which are ultimately added back in the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA. As an emerging growth company that has completed a significant number of acquisitions in 2021 and 2022, we believe Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA provides meaningful insights into the impact of strategic acquisitions as well as an indicative run rate of the Company’s future operating performance.

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The table below presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Pro Forma Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the following periods:

i.Redwire incurred acquisition costs including due diligence, integration costs and additional expenses related to pre-acquisition activity.

ii.Redwire incurred acquisition costs related to the Roccor and MIS contingent earnout payments and purchase accounting fair value adjustments to unwind deferred revenue for MIS and DPSS.

iii.Redwire incurred severance costs related to separation agreements entered into with former employees, including, but not limited to, the Company’s former CFO and COO.

iv.Redwire incurred capital market and advisory fees related to advisors assisting with preparation for the Merger and transitional costs associated with becoming a public company.

v.Redwire incurred expenses related to the Audit Committee investigation and securities litigation as further described in Note N of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

vi.Redwire incurred expenses related to equity-based compensation under Redwire’s equity-based compensation plan.

vii.Redwire incurred expenses related to the committed equity facility with B. Riley, which includes consideration paid to enter into the Purchase Agreement as well as changes in the fair value of the associated derivative asset.

viii.Redwire incurred expenses related to debt financing agreements, including amendment related fees paid to third parties that are expensed in accordance with ASC 470, Debt. Amounts presented for the year ended December 31, 2021 were previously reported under capital market and advisory fees.

ix.Redwire adjusted the fair value of the private warrant liability with changes in fair value recognized as a gain or loss during the respective periods.

x.Pro forma impact is computed in a manner consistent with the concepts of Article 8 of Regulation S-X and represents the incremental results of a full period of operations assuming the entities acquired during the periods presented were acquired from January 1 of the year in which they occurred. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the pro forma impact included the results of Oakman, DPSS and Techshot, while the year ended December 31, 2022 included the results of Space NV.

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Key Performance Indicators

Book-to-Bill

Our book-to-bill ratio was as follows for the periods presented:

Book-to-bill is the ratio of total contracts awarded to revenues recorded in the same period. The contracts awarded balance includes firm contract orders including time and material contracts which were awarded during the period and does not include unexercised contract options or potential orders under indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts. Although the contracts awarded balance reflects firm contract orders, terminations, amendments, or contract cancellations may occur which could result in a reduction to the contracts awarded balance.

We view book-to-bill as an indicator of future revenue growth potential. To drive future revenue growth, our goal is for the level of contracts awarded in a given period to exceed the revenue recorded, thus yielding a book-to-bill ratio greater than 1.0.

Our book-to-bill ratio was 2.04 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to 1.13 for the year ended December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022, $109.8 million of the contracts awarded balance relates to acquired contract value from the Space NV acquisition. For the year ended December 31, 2021, $41.5 million of the contracts awarded balance relates to acquired contract value from the Oakman, DPSS and Techshot acquisitions.

Backlog

Our total backlog, which includes both contracted and uncontracted backlog, was as follows for the periods presented:

We view growth in backlog as a key measure of our business growth. Contracted backlog represents the estimated dollar value of firm funded executed contracts for which work has not been performed (also known as the remaining performance obligations on a contract). Our contracted backlog includes $37.4 million and $10.7 million in remaining contract value from time and materials contracts as of December 31, 2022 and as of December 31, 2021, respectively.

Organic contracted backlog change excludes backlog activity from acquisitions for the first four full quarters since the entities’ acquisition date. Contracted backlog activity for the first four full quarters since the entities’ acquisition date is included in acquisition-related contracted backlog change. After the completion of four fiscal quarters, acquired entities are treated as organic for current and comparable historical periods.

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Organic contract value includes the remaining contract value as of January 1 not yet recognized as revenue and additional orders awarded during the period for those entities treated as organic. Acquisition-related contract value includes remaining contract value as of the acquisition date not yet recognized as revenue and additional orders awarded during the period for entities not treated as organic. The acquisition-related contract backlog activity presented in the table above includes only the contracted backlog of Space NV. Similarly, organic revenue includes revenue earned during the period presented for those entities treated as organic, while acquisition-related revenue includes the same for all other entities, excluding any pre-acquisition revenue earned during the period.

Uncontracted backlog represents the anticipated contract value, or portion thereof, of goods and services to be delivered under existing contracts which have not been appropriated or otherwise authorized. Uncontracted backlog includes $37.4 million and $67.8 million of contract extensions under negotiation that were priced, fully scoped, verbally awarded, and expected to be executed shortly as of December 31, 2022 and as of December 31, 2021, respectively.

Although contracted backlog reflects business associated with contracts that are considered to be firm, terminations, amendments or contract cancellations may occur, which could result in a reduction in our total backlog. In addition, some of our multi-year contracts are subject to annual funding. Management fully expects all amounts reflected in contracted backlog to ultimately be fully funded. Contracted backlog from foreign operations in Luxembourg and Belgium was $129.9 million and $5.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. These amounts are subject to foreign exchange rate translations from euros to U.S. dollars that could cause the remaining backlog balance to fluctuate with the foreign exchange rate at the time of measurement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows provided by our operations, access to existing credit facilities, proceeds from the issuance of common stock under the B. Riley committed equity facility and proceeds from the sale of Convertible Preferred Stock. Since its inception, the Company has incurred net losses and negative operating cash flow, and has used its cash to fund capital expenditures, costs associated with the Company’s acquisitions, and costs associated with the Merger, among other uses. While some of these cash outflows have been non-recurring in nature, the Company has continued to experience net cash outflows from operating activities. While the Company believes its continued growth and cash flow management will result in improvements in cash from operating activities going forward, there can be no assurance these improvements will be achieved.

Our primary short-term cash requirements are to fund working capital, operating lease obligations, and short-term debt, including current maturities of long-term debt. Working capital requirements can vary significantly from period to period, particularly as a result of the timing of receipts and disbursements related to long-term contracts. Significant fluctuations in working capital could adversely impact the Company’s cash position and short-term liquidity needs.

Our medium-term to long-term cash requirements are to service and repay debt, expand our breadth and footprint through acquisitions as well as invest in facilities, equipment, technologies, and research and development for our growth initiatives. To support these initiatives, we expect to continue to make significant investments in our business, including hiring additional staff, implementing processes and procedures to address public company requirements and other customary practices as well as evaluating strategic acquisitions. As a result, we will likely incur additional operating expenses and capital expenditures.

Our ability to fund our cash needs is dependent upon the successful execution of our business strategy and future operating results. Our future operating results are subject to, among others, general economic conditions, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, heightened inflation, rising interest rates and supply chain pressures, competitive dynamics in our target markets as well as legislative and regulatory factors that may be outside of our control. As part of our business and debt management strategy, we continuously evaluate opportunities to further strengthen our financial and liquidity position including the issuance of additional equity or debt securities, refinance or otherwise restructure our existing credit facilities, or enter into new financing arrangements. On April 14, 2022, the Company entered into a committed equity facility and during the fourth quarter of 2022 sold shares of Convertible Preferred Stock. See below for more information. In addition, the Company has been executing on certain cost reduction actions including, among others, integration-related workforce rationalizations, real estate synergies, business unit optimization initiatives, and cost savings associated with certain Corporate level employment costs. There can be no assurance that any of these actions will be sufficient to allow us to service our debt obligations, meet our debt covenants, or that such actions will not result in an adverse impact on our business.

On October 28, 2022, the Company entered into the Investment Agreements. Pursuant to the Investment Agreements, the Company sold an aggregate of 80,000 shares of the Convertible Preferred Stock to AEI and Bain Capital, for an aggregate purchase price of $80.0 million. The closing of the purchase and sale to AEI occurred simultaneously with the signing of the AEI Investment Agreement on October 28, 2022. The closing of the purchase and sale to Bain Capital occurred on November 3, 2022. In addition, on November 7 and 8, 2022, the Company entered into the Additional Investment Agreements with the Additional Investors, pursuant to which the Company issued and sold a total of 1,250 shares of the Convertible Preferred Stock to the Additional Investors for an aggregate purchase price of $1.25 million.

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The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the sale of the Purchased Shares to finance the acquisition of Space NV. In addition, the Company intends to use the remaining proceeds for certain corporate purposes, which may include (i) investing in current capabilities which the Company believes will assist in meeting customer demand and in expanding current Company offerings; (ii) expanding and diversifying the Company’s global infrastructure offerings; and (iii) increasing the total available liquidity of the Company. Please refer to Note J of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

As of December 31, 2022, our available liquidity totaled $53.3 million, which was comprised of $28.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, and $25.0 million in available borrowings from our existing credit facilities. We believe that our existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs and comply with our debt covenants for at least the next twelve months from the date on which our consolidated financial statements were issued. However, the Company’s current liquidity may not be sufficient to meet the required long-term liquidity needs associated with continued use of cash from operating activities at historical levels, in addition to its other liquidity needs associated with its capital expenditures, debt payments, and other investing and financing requirements.

The table below summarizes our outstanding debt as of the following periods:

Adams Street Credit Agreement

On October 28, 2020, we entered into the Adams Street Credit Agreement, which included the following:

i.$31.0 million term loan (the “Adams Street Term Loan”). Proceeds from the Adams Street Term Loan were used to finance the acquisition of Roccor, pay acquisition-related costs, fund working capital needs (including the payment of any working capital adjustment pursuant to the Roccor acquisition agreement) and other general corporate purposes;

ii.$5.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Adams Street Revolving Credit Facility”), which has been increased as set forth below; and

iii.$15.0 million delayed draw term loan (the “Adams Street Delayed Draw Term Loan”).

On January 15, 2021, we drew $15.0 million on the delayed draw term loan to finance the Oakman acquisition. On February 17, 2021, we amended the Adams Street Credit Agreement to increase the principal amount of the Adams Street Term Loan by an additional $32.0 million to finance the DPSS acquisition. On July 30, 2021, we drew $3.0 million on the revolving credit facility and repaid the $3.0 million draw down on September 23, 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company made $1.0 million of net payments on the total debt outstanding, including repayments on borrowings under the revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2022, there were no borrowings outstanding on the revolving credit facility.

On September 2, 2021, the Adams Street Credit Agreement was amended to provide that the consolidated total net leverage ratio not exceed 6.50:1.00 on the last day of any quarter (“the Financial Covenant”), to remove the cap on the amount of unrestricted cash which may be netted for purposes of the Financial Covenant, to redefine “Consolidated EBITDA”, and to reset the call protection terms.

On March 25, 2022, the Company entered into a Third Amendment (the “Third Amendment”) to the Adams Street Capital Credit Agreement to, among other things, increase commitments under the revolving credit facility from $5.0 million to $25.0 million.

The Third Amendment also modified certain negative covenants and increased the per annum interest rate (i) with respect to revolving loans in an aggregate principal amount of $5.0 million or less, to 6.00% for Eurocurrency rate loans and 5.00% for Base Rate Loans,

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and (ii) with respect to revolving loans in an aggregate principal amount in excess of $5.0 million, to 7.50% for Eurocurrency rate loans and 6.50% for Base Rate Loans.

The Adams Street Credit Agreement has a maturity date of October 28, 2026. The Adams Street Credit Agreement is secured by a first lien security interest in all right, title or interest in or to certain assets and properties owned by us and the guarantors included in the Adams Street Credit Agreement. The Adams Street Credit Agreement requires us to meet customary affirmative and negative covenants, default provisions, representations and warranties and other terms and conditions. We are required to make mandatory prepayments of the outstanding principal and accrued interest under the Adams Street Credit Agreement (i) upon the occurrence of certain events and (ii) to the extent a specified net leverage ratio is exceeded as evaluated on any test period ending date. The test period ending dates are March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 each year, starting on March 31, 2021, through the maturity of the agreement.

The Adams Street Capital Credit Agreement, as amended, contains certain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and other covenants and events of default, including among other things, payment defaults, breach of representations and warranties, and covenant defaults.

In connection with the entry into the Third Amendment, AEI and certain of its affiliates (the “AEI Guarantors”), provided a limited guarantee for the payment of outstanding revolving loans in excess of $10.0 million, with a $15.0 million cap in the aggregate. In the event that the AEI Guarantors are required to make payments to the lenders under the Adams Street Capital Credit Agreement pursuant to the terms of the limited guarantee, each AEI Guarantor would be subrogated to the rights of the lenders. In connection with the limited guarantee, the Lead Borrower agreed to pay to the AEI Guarantors, a fee equal to 2% of any amount actually paid by such guarantors under the limited guarantee. The fee is waivable by the AEI Guarantors in their discretion.

In August 2022, the Company entered into a Fourth Amendment (the “Fourth Amendment”) to the Adams Street Capital Credit Agreement, which, among other things, suspended certain covenant compliance requirements commencing with the quarter ended December 31, 2022 through June 30, 2023, and resuming with the first test period ending September 30, 2023. Please refer to Note J of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the Fourth Amendment.

On October 28, 2022, the Company entered into a Fifth Amendment (the “Fifth Amendment”) to the Adams Street Capital Credit Agreement, which among other things, further suspended certain covenant compliance requirements through September 30, 2023 with such compliance resuming with the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2023 and providing that the consolidated total net leverage ratio not exceed 7.50:1.00 on the last day of any testing period through the quarter ending September 30, 2024 and not to exceed 6.5:1.00 for testing periods thereafter. Pursuant to the Fifth Amendment, the limited guarantees by the AEI Guarantors are no longer effective. Please refer to Note J of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with our debt covenants under the Adams Street Credit Agreement, as amended by the Fifth Amendment.

SVB Loan Agreement

On August 31, 2020, the Company entered into a $45.4 million loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, which was subsequently modified to increase the principal to $51.1 million on October 28, 2020 (the “SVB Loan”). On April 2, 2021, the Company amended the SVB Loan Agreement to extend the term from August 2021 to September 30, 2022. On September 2, 2021, the Company repaid the full outstanding principal and interest on the SVB Loan. Subsequent to the repayment, the Company does not have any other financial dealings with SVB.

Paycheck Protection Program Loan

On May 1, 2020, prior to its acquisition by the Company, Deep Space Systems, Inc. (“DSS”) received a Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loan for $1.1 million (the “DSS PPP Loan”), with a maturity date of May 1, 2022. Under the terms of the DSS PPP Loan, DSS could apply for forgiveness under the PPP regulations if DSS used the proceeds of the loan for its payroll costs and other expenses in accordance with the requirements of the PPP. As the funds were disbursed to DSS prior to the acquisition, the Company intended to repay any unforgiven balance with funds held in a DSS savings account as of the date of the DSS acquisition. On June 18, 2021, $0.6 million of the DSS PPP Loan was forgiven and as a result reclassified as a note payable to the seller of DSS. During the Successor 2021 Period, we repaid the $0.6 million note payable to the seller of DSS and the remaining outstanding principal and interest of $0.5 million on the DSS PPP loan.

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D&O Financing Loans

On September 3, 2021, we entered into a $3.0 million loan with BankDirect Capital Finance (the “2021 D&O Financing Loan”) to finance our directors and officers insurance premium. The 2021 D&O Financing Loan has an interest rate of 1.74% per annum, an effective interest rate of 1.75%, and a maturity date of May 3, 2022. In May 2022, the Company repaid the full outstanding principal and interest on the 2021 D&O Financing Loan.

On September 3, 2022, the Company entered into a $2.7 million loan with ACFO Credit Corporation (the “2022 D&O Financing Loan”) to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium. The 2022 D&O Financing Loan has an interest rate of 4.59% per annum and a maturity date of June 3, 2023.

Committed Equity Facility

On April 14, 2022, the Company entered into an $80.0 million Purchase Agreement with B. Riley. The Purchase Agreement governs a committed equity facility that provides the Company with the right, without obligation, to sell and issue up to $80.0 million of its common stock over a period of 24 months to B. Riley at the Company’s sole discretion, subject to certain limitations and conditions. Please refer to Note P of the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Net proceeds under the Purchase Agreement to the Company will depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells shares of its common stock to B. Riley. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from this Purchase Agreement to further support its growth strategy through initiatives such as accretive acquisitions and internal investments, to bolster working capital and/or for general corporate purposes.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company sold a total of 909,669 shares of the Company’s common stock for proceeds of $3.0 million pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. As of December 31, 2022, registered shares available for purchase under the committed equity facility were 8,090,331.

Contractual Obligations

The following table presents our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022: