PJT Partners Inc. (PJT)
SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Security And Commodity Brokers, Dealers, Exchanges, And Services > SIC 6282 Investment Advice
SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1626115. Latest filing source: 0001193125-26-076969.
Informational only - descriptive public-record data, not investment advice.
Business
Read PJT's verbatim Item 1 Business section from its latest 10-K: Business.
Risk Factors
Read PJT's verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from its latest 10-K: Risk Factors.
Selected Fundamentals
| Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 1,713,671,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-26 |
| Net income | 180,115,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-26 |
| Assets | 1,843,250,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-26 |
Financials
Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-26. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001626115.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 499,430,000 | 499,282,000 | 580,248,000 | 717,639,000 | 1,052,300,000 | 991,945,000 | 1,025,505,000 | 1,153,182,000 | 1,493,177,000 | 1,713,671,000 |
| Net income | -3,034,000 | -32,554,000 | 27,170,000 | 29,562,000 | 117,549,000 | 106,168,000 | 90,534,000 | 81,799,000 | 134,393,000 | 180,115,000 |
| Operating cash flow | 116,851,000 | 111,215,000 | 122,940,000 | 211,260,000 | 469,442,000 | 124,161,000 | 242,731,000 | 441,534,000 | 530,950,000 | 526,298,000 |
| Capital expenditures | 13,088,000 | 1,062,000 | 7,206,000 | 8,811,000 | 8,854,000 | 6,472,000 | 3,434,000 | 3,927,000 | 3,298,000 | 45,861,000 |
| Dividends paid | 3,728,000 | 3,796,000 | 4,319,000 | 4,645,000 | 4,819,000 | 77,974,000 | 24,632,000 | 24,436,000 | 24,131,000 | 24,522,000 |
| Share buybacks | 2,302,000 | 64,870,000 | 47,812,000 | 48,674,000 | 103,342,000 | 109,484,000 | 116,738,000 | 235,104,000 | 195,223,000 | |
| Assets | 590,476,000 | 558,965,000 | 671,817,000 | 952,777,000 | 1,171,607,000 | 987,625,000 | 1,050,652,000 | 1,434,978,000 | 1,635,334,000 | 1,843,250,000 |
| Liabilities | 177,060,000 | 136,511,000 | 184,068,000 | 378,260,000 | 483,761,000 | 350,053,000 | 291,094,000 | 573,814,000 | 733,691,000 | 834,207,000 |
| Stockholders' equity | -8,560,000 | -157,278,000 | -26,456,000 | 31,390,000 | 154,259,000 | 120,232,000 | 185,106,000 | 244,669,000 | 187,013,000 | 308,247,000 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 152,431,000 | 145,619,000 | 106,110,000 | 215,950,000 | 299,513,000 | 200,481,000 | 173,235,000 | 355,543,000 | 483,877,000 | 538,858,000 |
| Free cash flow | 103,763,000 | 110,153,000 | 115,734,000 | 202,449,000 | 460,588,000 | 117,689,000 | 239,297,000 | 437,607,000 | 527,652,000 | 480,437,000 |
Ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net margin | -0.61% | -6.52% | 4.68% | 4.12% | 11.17% | 10.70% | 8.83% | 7.09% | 9.00% | 10.51% |
| Return on equity | 94.18% | 76.20% | 88.30% | 48.91% | 33.43% | 71.86% | 58.43% | |||
| Return on assets | -0.51% | -5.82% | 4.04% | 3.10% | 10.03% | 10.75% | 8.62% | 5.70% | 8.22% | 9.77% |
| Liabilities / equity | 12.05 | 3.14 | 2.91 | 1.57 | 2.35 | 3.92 | 2.71 |
Industry Peer Context
Net margin peer context
ROE peer context
ROA peer context
Financial Bridges
Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts FY 2025. Operating cash flow: accession 0001193125-26-076969; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | Capital expenditures: accession 0001193125-26-076969; concept PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | Free cash flow: accession 0001193125-26-076969; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
Financial Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: Revenues. Source concepts: us-gaap:Revenues.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: PaymentsOfDividends. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividends.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: Assets. Source concepts: us-gaap:Assets.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: Liabilities. Source concepts: us-gaap:Liabilities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: StockholdersEquity. Source concepts: us-gaap:StockholdersEquity.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue. Source concepts: us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001193125-26-076969; filed 2026-02-26. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.
Quarterly
Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-04-30. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001626115.json.
| Quarter | End Date | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | 346,277,000 | 22,141,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 278,363,000 | 17,410,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 328,554,000 | 24,912,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 329,393,000 | 32,623,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 360,181,000 | 28,316,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 326,322,000 | 22,150,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 477,281,000 | 51,304,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 324,531,000 | 54,016,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 406,884,000 | 32,900,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 447,093,000 | 39,839,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 535,163,000 | 53,360,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 418,204,000 | 60,501,000 | reported discrete quarter |
Quarterly Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001193125-26-197485; filed 2026-04-30. Concept: Revenues. Source concepts: us-gaap:Revenues.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001193125-26-197485; filed 2026-04-30. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Macro Cross-References
- CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
- UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
- FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
- CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
- DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
- DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
- DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
- DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
- T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
- CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
- CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
- CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
- CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
- PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
- PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
- PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
- T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
- U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
- PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
- CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
- EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
- UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
- CE16OV - Employment Level
- ICSA - Initial Claims
- JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
- JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
- GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
- A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
- INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
- TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
- HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
- PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
- RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
- PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
- PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
- M2SL - M2
- BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
- MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
- HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
- RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
- TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
- RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
- TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
- GDP - Gross Domestic Product
- GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
- GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
- PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
- GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
- GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
- FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
- FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
- FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
- MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
- USCONS - All Employees, Construction
- USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
- USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
- USGOVT - All Employees, Government
- AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
- DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
- NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
- BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
- EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
- IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
- IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
- PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand
Latest quarter (10-Q)
Latest 10-Q source: 0001193125-26-197485.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with PJT Partners Inc.’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Our Business
PJT Partners is a premier, global, advisory-focused investment bank that was built from the ground up to be different. Our highly experienced, collaborative teams provide independent advice coupled with old-world, high-touch client service. This ethos has allowed us to attract some of the very best talent in the markets in which we operate. We deliver leading advice to many of the world's most consequential companies, effect some of the most transformative transactions and restructurings and raise billions of dollars of capital around the globe to support startups and more established companies.
For further information regarding our business, refer to “Part I. Item 1. Business” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Business Environment
Economic and global financial conditions can materially affect our operational and financial performance. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 for a discussion of some of the factors that can affect our performance.
Mergers and acquisitions (“M&A”) is a cyclical business that is impacted by macroeconomic conditions. There are several factors influencing global M&A activity in the intermediate term, including monetary policy, global trade policies, greater economic and geopolitical uncertainty, and global growth. How these macroeconomic factors will impact the strength of strategic activity in the intermediate term is still uncertain. In the first quarter of 2026, worldwide M&A announced volumes increased 27% compared with the first quarter of 2025, however, the number of transactions declined to an 11-year low1. As we look ahead, the broader capital markets and M&A environment continues to be favorable for deal making; market sentiment, however, can change quickly.
Global restructuring and special situations activity remained strong during the first quarter of 2026 due to continued liability management, balance sheet restructuring and bankruptcy activity. A number of factors are driving elevated levels of distress with corporates, financial sponsors and creditors grappling with macroeconomic issues, challenged business models, technological disruption, and stress in private credit markets. Liability management by financial sponsors continued to drive growth in activity, which remains dispersed across a breadth of geographies and industries.
Fund placement activity remains challenging given the overall slowdown in realizations and the supply of alternative investment opportunities in the market seeking capital. Additionally, limited partners have become more discerning in their deployment of capital for both existing and new fund manager relationships. Investors continue to focus on existing relationships and, as a result, the bar for fund managers to attract new investors remains high. As it relates to private capital solutions, the demand for alternative liquidity vehicles from general partners and limited partners continues to be a driver for increased activity, and, barring no major changes in the macroeconomic outlook, we expect the market volumes to remain favorable in the intermediate term.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1Source: LSEG Global Mergers & Acquisitions Review for First Quarter of 2026 as of March 31, 2026.
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Key Financial Measures
Revenues
Beginning in the first quarter of 2026, we no longer separately present advisory fees and placement fees within Revenues on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The nature of our advisory services is substantially similar across engagements, and these services are delivered through a fully integrated platform with engagements routinely incorporating cross-disciplinary expertise. This presentation more accurately represents the nature of our business and has no impact on total Revenues, net income or the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Substantially all of our revenues are derived from contracts with clients to provide advisory services. This revenue is primarily a function of the number of active engagements we have, the size and the complexity of each of those engagements and the fees we charge for our services. Our highly integrated advisory services encompass a range of strategic advisory, shareholder advisory, capital markets advisory, restructuring, liability management, fund placement services, and private capital solutions to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the world. Our senior professionals bring diversified expertise and deep relationships to each client situation, and given our holistic approach to client service and the complexity of the transactions on which we may earn revenues, we dedicate the necessary resources to each engagement regardless of the type of advice. For example, a restructuring engagement may require a sale of all or a portion of the client’s business or a capital raise, calling for cross-disciplinary expertise from our M&A and capital markets professionals. Accordingly, given our highly integrated advisory services, we do not present our revenues by type of advice we provide as it would not be a meaningful or reliable basis for presentation.
Substantially all of our revenues are earned from providing advisory services and are typically based on the completion of a transaction. These revenues are generally recognized over time, however, the majority of our transaction-based fees are constrained until the successful completion of a transaction. Accordingly, the majority of revenues recognized in any given period may relate to advisory services that were satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods. Retainer fees are generally recognized over the period in which advisory services are performed. We may receive nonrefundable upfront fees, which are recorded as revenues in the period over which services are to be provided. Certain fee arrangements result in long-term receivables paid in installments over multiple years and bear interest at an agreed-upon rate. Interest on long-term receivables is earned from the time revenue is recognized and is included in Accounts Receivable, Net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons, including global and/or regional economic conditions or failure of parties to agree upon final terms, secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, secure necessary financing or achieve necessary regulatory approvals. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees are subject to approval of the court.
Revenues also include amounts not otherwise derived from contracts with customers, such as (i) interest that is typically earned on Cash and Cash Equivalents and investments in Treasury securities, (ii) foreign exchange gains and losses, (iii) gains and losses arising from fair value adjustments of certain assets and liabilities, (iv) sublease income, and (v) the amount of expense reimbursement invoiced to clients.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits – Compensation and Benefits expense includes salaries, restricted and unrestricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards. Changes in this expense are driven by fluctuations in the number of employees, the composition of our workforce, business performance, compensation adjustments in relation to market movements, changes in rates for employer taxes and other cost increases affecting benefit plans. The expense associated with our restricted and unrestricted cash awards and equity plans can also have a significant impact and may vary from year to year. Certain awards are expensed over the requisite service period for partners and employees who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date. Over time, a greater number of partners and employees may become retirement eligible and the related requisite service period over which the expense is recognized will be shorter than the stated vesting period.
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We maintain compensation programs, including salaries, annual incentive compensation (that may include components of unrestricted cash, restricted cash and/or equity-based awards) and benefits programs. We manage compensation to estimates of competitive levels based on market conditions and performance. Our compensation expense reflects our objective to attract and retain key personnel by maintaining competitive compensation levels. It also reflects the impact of newly-hired senior professionals, including any related grants of equity or restricted cash awards.
Increasing the number of high-caliber, experienced senior level employees is critical to our growth efforts and our continued investment in senior talent may also increase compensation and benefits expense. These hires generally do not generate significant revenue in the year they are hired.
Non-Compensation Expense – Non-Compensation expenses are the other costs typical to operating our business, which generally consist of Occupancy and Related, Travel and Related, Professional Fees, Communications and Information Services, Depreciation and Amortization, and Other Expenses. Further information regarding these expenses can be found in “Part II. Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Income Taxes – PJT Partners Inc. is a corporation subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes in jurisdictions where it does business. Our businesses generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal and state purposes and as corporate entities in non-U.S. jurisdictions. In the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, taxes related to income earned by these entities generally represent obligations of the individual members and partners.
The operating entities are generally subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax and to entity-level income taxes imposed by state and local as well as non-U.S. jurisdictions, as applicable. These taxes have been reflected in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
PJT Partners Inc. is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income tax on its allocable share of results of operations from the holding partnership (PJT Partners Holdings LP).
Non-Controlling Interests
PJT Partners Inc. is a holding company and its only material asset is its controlling equity interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP, a holding partnership that holds the Company's operating subsidiaries, and certain cash and cash equivalents it may hold from time to time. As the sole general partner of PJT Partners Holdings LP, PJT Partners Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs and consolidates the financial results of PJT Partners Holdings LP and its operating subsidiaries. The portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented separately in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
23
Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our condensed consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","","Three Months Ended March 31,"],["","","2026","","","2025","","","Change"],["","","(Dollars in Thousands)"],["Revenues","","$","418,204","","","$","324,531","","","","29","%"],["Expenses"
[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]
Latest 10-K MD&A
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with PJT Partners Inc.’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.
Our Business
PJT Partners is a premier, global, advisory-focused investment bank that was built from the ground up to be different. Our highly experienced, collaborative teams provide independent advice coupled with old-world, high-touch client service. This ethos has allowed us to attract some of the very best talent in the markets in which we operate. We deliver leading advice to many of the world's most consequential companies, effect some of the most transformative transactions and restructurings and raise billions of dollars of capital around the globe to support startups and more established companies.
Further information regarding our business is provided in “Part I. Item 1. Business” of this filing.
Business Environment
Economic and global financial conditions can materially affect our operational and financial performance. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this filing for a discussion of some of the factors that can affect our performance.
M&A is a cyclical business that is impacted by macroeconomic conditions. There are several factors influencing global M&A activity in the intermediate term, including monetary policy, global trade policies, greater economic and geopolitical uncertainty, and global growth. How these macroeconomic factors impact the strength of strategic activity in the intermediate term is still uncertain. In 2025, worldwide M&A announced volumes increased 49% compared with 2024, however, the number of transactions declined to a five-year low1. As we look ahead, the broader capital markets and M&A environment continues to be favorable for deal making. The momentum in global M&A observed in the second half of 2025 is likely to carry over through 2026, however, market sentiment can change quickly.
Global restructuring and special situations activity remained elevated during 2025 due to liability management, balance sheet restructuring and increasing bankruptcy activity. A number of factors are driving elevated levels of distress with corporates, financial sponsors and creditors grappling with challenged business models and macroeconomic uncertainties. Activity remained dispersed with corporates, creditors and financial sponsors operating in certain industries across a breadth of geographies, demonstrating a continued multi-year restructuring cycle.
Fund placement activity remains challenging given the overall slowdown in realizations and the supply of alternative investment opportunities in the market seeking capital. Additionally, limited partners have become more discerning in their deployment of capital for both existing and new fund manager relationships. Investors continue to focus on existing relationships and, as a result, the bar for fund managers to attract new investors remains high as a flight to quality persists. As it relates to private capital solutions, the demand for alternative liquidity vehicles from general partners and limited partners continues to be a driver for increased activity, and, barring no major changes in the macroeconomic outlook, we expect the market to remain favorable in the intermediate term.
1 Source: LSEG Global Mergers & Acquisitions Review for Full Year of 2025 as of December 31, 2025.
Key Financial Measures
Revenues
Substantially all of our revenues are derived from contracts with clients to provide advisory services. This revenue is primarily a function of the number of active engagements we have, the size and the complexity of each of those engagements and the fees we charge for our services. Given the complex nature of our engagements, our senior professionals bring diversified expertise and deep relationships to each client situation, working across product lines to ensure clients receive the full breadth of the firm's capabilities.
We provide a range of strategic advisory, shareholder advisory, capital markets advisory, and restructuring and special situations services to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the
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world. In conjunction with providing restructuring advice, we may also assist with raising various forms of financing, including debt and equity. Our private capital solutions services include providing general partner solutions and investing solutions to clients seeking portfolio liquidity, unfunded commitment relief and investments in secondary markets. Our fund placement services primarily serve a diverse range of investment strategies, including private equity, alternative credit/hedge funds, real estate and directs. We advise on all aspects of the fundraising process including competitive positioning and market assessment, marketing materials and related documentation including partnership terms and conditions most prevalent in the current environment. We also provide public and private placement fundraising services to our corporate clients.
The amount and timing of the fees earned vary by the type of engagement and are typically based on retainers, the completion of a transaction or a capital raise. Fees earned for services provided to alternative asset managers are typically recognized upon acceptance by a fund of capital or capital commitments (referred to as a “closing”), in accordance with terms set forth in individual agreements. For commitment-based fees, revenue is recognized over time as commitments are accepted. Fees for closed-end fund arrangements are generally long-term receivables, paid in installments over three or four years and interest is charged to the outstanding balance at an agreed upon rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate or an alternate reference rate, plus a market-based margin. For funds with multiple closings, the constraint on variable consideration is lifted upon each closing. For open-end fund structures, associated fees are typically calculated as a percentage of a placed investor’s month-end net asset value. Typically, we earn fees for such open-end fund structures over a four year period. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized over time as it becomes reasonably certain that the amounts earned will not be reversed. Fees earned for public and private placement fundraising services are recognized based on successful completion of the transaction. We may receive non-refundable up-front fees in our contracts with customers, which are recorded as revenues in the period over which services are estimated to be provided.
A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons, including global and/or regional economic conditions or failure of parties to agree upon final terms, secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, secure necessary financing or achieve necessary regulatory approvals. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees are subject to approval of the court.
Also, included in revenues is (i) interest that is typically earned on Cash and Cash Equivalents, investments in Treasury securities and outstanding long-term receivables, (ii) foreign exchange gains and losses, (iii) gains and losses arising from fair value adjustments of certain assets and liabilities, (iv) sublease income, and (v) the amount of expense reimbursement invoiced to clients. Interest on long-term receivables is earned from the time revenue is recognized and is included in Accounts Receivable, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits – Compensation and Benefits expense includes salaries, restricted and unrestricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards. Changes in this expense are driven by fluctuations in the number of employees, the composition of our workforce, business performance, compensation adjustments in relation to market movements, changes in rates for employer taxes and other cost increases affecting benefit plans. The expense associated with our restricted and unrestricted cash awards and equity plans can also have a significant impact and may vary from year to year. Certain awards are expensed over the requisite service period for partners and employees who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date. Over time, a greater number of partners and employees may become retirement eligible and the related requisite service period over which the expense is recognized will be shorter than the stated vesting period.
We maintain compensation programs, including salaries, annual incentive compensation (that may include components of unrestricted cash, restricted cash and/or equity-based awards) and benefits programs. We manage compensation to estimates of competitive levels based on market conditions and performance. Our compensation expense reflects our objective to attract and retain key personnel by maintaining competitive compensation levels. It also reflects the impact of newly-hired senior professionals, including any related grants of equity or restricted cash awards.
Increasing the number of high-caliber, experienced senior level employees is critical to our growth efforts and our continued investment in senior talent may also increase compensation and benefits expense. These hires generally do not generate significant revenue in the year they are hired.
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Our remaining expenses are the other costs typical to operating our business, which generally consist of:
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Occupancy and Related – consisting primarily of costs related to leased property, including rent, maintenance, real estate taxes, utilities and other related costs. Our company headquarters are located in New York, New York, and we maintain additional offices in the U.S. and throughout the world;
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Travel and Related – consisting primarily of costs for our partners and employees to render services where our clients are located;
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Professional Fees – consisting primarily of consulting, audit and tax, compensation related to senior advisors, recruiting, legal and other professional services;
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Communications and Information Services – consisting primarily of costs for our technology infrastructure, cybersecurity, business applications, and fees paid for access to external market data;
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Depreciation and Amortization – consisting of depreciation and amortization on our furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements, fractional aircraft ownership interest, and intangible assets; and
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Other Expenses – consisting primarily of provision for credit losses, regulatory fees, insurance, advertising, charitable contributions, and other general operating expenses.
Income Taxes – PJT Partners Inc. is a corporation subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes in jurisdictions where it does business. Our businesses generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal and state purposes and as corporate entities in non-U.S. jurisdictions. In the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, taxes related to income earned by these entities generally represent obligations of the individual members and partners.
The operating entities are generally subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax and to entity-level income taxes imposed by state and local as well as non-U.S. jurisdictions, as applicable. These taxes have been reflected in our consolidated financial statements.
PJT Partners Inc. is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income tax on its allocable share of results of operations from the holding partnership (PJT Partners Holdings LP).
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") Pillar Two Model Rules ("Pillar Two") set forth a global 15% minimum tax on the income arising in each jurisdiction in which we operate. Many jurisdictions have implemented or are in the process of implementing changes contemplated by Pillar Two, and when enacted by the various jurisdictions in which we do business, such changes may increase our taxes in such jurisdictions. Based on the available legislation, we concluded that Pillar Two did not have a material impact on our 2025 consolidated financial statements. On January 5, 2026, the OECD issued administrative guidance outlining a framework under which U.S.-parented groups would be fully exempt from the application of certain aspects of OECD's global minimum tax rules. Each member jurisdiction will need to adopt this guidance into local law, and the timing and manner of adoption may vary. We are continuing to monitor developments related to this guidance and will evaluate the impact on our consolidated financial statements as additional information becomes available.
Non-Controlling Interests
PJT Partners Inc. is a holding company and its only material asset is its controlling equity interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP, a holding partnership that holds the Company's operating subsidiaries, and certain cash and cash equivalents it may hold from time to time. As the sole general partner of PJT Partners Holdings LP, PJT Partners Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs and consolidates the financial results of PJT Partners Holdings LP and its operating subsidiaries. The portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2025 vs. 2024 | 2024 vs. 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in Thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory Fees | $ | 1,500,376 | $ | 1,314,003 | $ | 1,026,646 | $ | 186,373 | 14 | % | $ | 287,357 | 28 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Placement Fees | 181,561 | 146,258 | 102,611 | 35,303 | 24 | % | 43,647 | 43 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income and Other | 31,734 | 32,916 | 23,925 | (1,182 | ) | (4 | %) | 8,991 | 38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | 1,713,671 | 1,493,177 | 1,153,182 | 220,494 | 15 | % | 339,995 | 29 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and Benefits | 1,157,953 | 1,032,070 | 805,385 | 125,883 | 12 | % | 226,685 | 28 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy and Related | 59,705 | 50,695 | 40,420 | 9,010 | 18 | % | 10,275 | 25 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Travel and Related | 45,992 | 37,003 | 31,190 | 8,989 | 24 | % | 5,813 | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional Fees | 36,193 | 37,619 | 36,581 | (1,426 | ) | (4 | %) | 1,038 | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Communications and Information Services(1) | 37,626 | 33,138 | 27,756 | 4,488 | 14 | % | 5,382 | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | 13,343 | 12,799 | 14,047 | 544 | 4 | % | (1,248 | ) | (9 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other Expenses(1) | 19,940 | 19,284 | 20,194 | 656 | 3 | % | (910 | ) | (5 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Expenses | 1,370,752 | 1,222,608 | 975,573 | 148,144 | 12 | % | 247,035 | 25 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income Before Provision for Taxes | 342,919 | 270,569 | 177,609 | 72,350 | 27 | % | 92,960 | 52 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Taxes | 33,181 | 32,096 | 31,927 | 1,085 | 3 | % | 169 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | 309,738 | 238,473 | 145,682 | 71,265 | 30 | % | 92,791 | 64 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests | 129,623 | 104,080 | 63,883 | 25,543 | 25 | % | 40,197 | 63 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to PJT Partners Inc. | $ | 180,115 | $ | 134,393 | $ | 81,799 | $ | 45,722 | 34 | % | $ | 52,594 | 64 | % |
(1) Certain balances on the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the prior periods have been reclassified to conform to their current presentation. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, this resulted in a reclassification of $13.1 million and $10.6 million, respectively, from Other Expenses to Communications and Information Services. This reclassification had no impact on net income or Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Revenues
The following table provides revenue statistics for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Total Number of Clients | 436 | 420 | 381 | ||||||||
| Total Number of Fees of at least $1 Million from Client Transactions | 255 | 230 | 198 |
There were no clients representing greater than 10% of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.
Total Revenues were $1,713.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared with $1,493.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, a 15% increase. Advisory Fees were $1,500.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $186.4 million compared with $1,314.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in Advisory Fees was due to increases in strategic advisory and restructuring revenues. Placement Fees were $181.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $35.3 million compared with $146.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in Placement Fees was due to increases in fund placement and corporate placement revenues. Interest Income and Other revenues were $31.7 million, a decrease from $32.9 million in the prior year, principally due to lower interest income as a result of lower interest
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rates, partially offset by more favorable foreign currency rates and an increase in the fair market value of certain equity securities received as part of transaction compensation.
Expenses
Expenses were $1,370.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of $148.1 million compared with $1,222.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in expenses was principally attributable to increases in Compensation and Benefits, Occupancy and Related, Travel and Related, and Communications and Information Services expenses of $125.9 million, $9.0 million, $9.0 million, and $4.5 million, respectively. The increase in Compensation and Benefits was driven by higher revenues compared with the prior year, partially offset by a lower accrual rate. Occupancy and Related increased due to the expansion of our global office footprint. Travel and Related increased principally due to increased business related activity. Communications and Information Services increased principally due to continued investments in technology infrastructure, business applications, and higher market data expense.
Provision for Taxes
The Company’s Provision for Taxes for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $33.2 million compared with $32.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 9.7% and 11.9%, respectively, based on our Income Before Provision for Taxes of $342.9 million and $270.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Non-Controlling Interests
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests is calculated by multiplying the Income Before Provision for Taxes by the percentage allocation of the income between the holders of common units of partnership interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP ("Partnership Units") and holders of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock after considering any contractual arrangements that govern the allocation of income.
We have omitted the discussion of the earliest of the three years covered in the 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such discussion is included in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2025, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
We regularly monitor our liquidity position, including cash and cash equivalents, investments, working capital, assets and liabilities, any commitments and other liquidity requirements.
Our assets have been historically comprised of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables arising from client engagements and operating lease right-of-use assets. Our liabilities generally include accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable and accrued expenses, taxes payable and operating lease liabilities. We expect to pay a significant amount of cash incentive compensation toward the end of each year and during the beginning of the next calendar year with respect to the prior year’s results. A portion of incentive compensation may be awarded with equity-based compensation and thus would require less cash. We expect levels of cash to decline at the end of the year and during the first quarter of each year after incentive compensation is paid to our employees. We then expect cash to build throughout the remainder of the year.
On July 29, 2024, PJT Partners Holdings LP, as borrower the ("Borrower"), entered into a syndicated revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) and related documents with Bank of America, N.A., as the administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), and certain other financial institutions party thereto as lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility with aggregate principal amount of up to $100 million. Further information regarding the Credit Agreement can be found in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Commitments, Line of Credit” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement and the Company was in compliance with the debt covenants under the Credit Agreement.
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We evaluate our cash needs on a regular basis. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $585.8 million and $546.8 million, respectively. The vast majority of these balances are either held in institutions labeled by the Financial Stability Board as global systemically important banks, money market funds or Treasury securities. Although we maintain multiple banking relationships with both global and regional banks and actively monitor the financial stability of such institutions, a failure at any institution where we maintain a banking relationship could impact our liquidity.
Our liquidity is highly dependent upon cash receipts from clients, which are generally tied to the successful completion of transactions and the timing of receivable collections. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, total accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, was $404.3 million and $320.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the allowance for credit losses was $1.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Included in Accounts Receivable, Net are long-term receivables of $96.1 million and $88.6 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to fees that are generally paid in installments over a period of three to four years.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Our primary cash needs are for working capital, paying operating expenses including cash compensation to our employees, exchanging of Partnership Units for cash, repurchasing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, paying income taxes, dividend payments, partnership tax distributions, capital expenditures, making payments pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, strategic investments and other commitments. We expect to fund these liquidity requirements through cash flows from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our ability to fund these needs will depend, in part, on our ability to generate or raise cash in the future which depends on our future financial results, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors.
Additionally, our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations will be impacted by global economic conditions. If our cash flows from operations are significantly reduced, we may need to borrow from our revolving credit facility, incur debt, or issue additional equity. Although we believe that our revolving credit facility, and our ability to renew it, will permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions for the foreseeable future, our access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including: business performance; our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating; the liquidity of the overall capital markets; the current state of the economy; and stability of our lending institution. We cannot provide any assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or that such financing will be available at all. We believe that our future cash from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility, together with our access to funds on hand, will provide adequate resources to fund our liquidity and capital needs.
Regulatory Capital
We are subject to regulatory requirements in the U.S. and certain international jurisdictions to ensure general financial soundness and liquidity. This requires, among other things, that we comply with certain minimum capital requirements, recordkeeping protocols, reporting procedures, experience and training requirements for employees and certain other requirements and procedures. These regulatory requirements may restrict the flow of funds to and from affiliates. See Note 15. “Regulated Entities” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information. The licenses under which we operate are meant to be appropriate to conduct our business. We actively monitor our regulatory capital base and we believe that we provide each of these entities with sufficient capital and liquidity, consistent with their business and regulatory requirements.
Our activities may also be subject to regulation, including regulatory capital requirements, by various other foreign jurisdictions and self-regulatory organizations.
We do not anticipate that compliance with any and all such requirements will materially adversely impact the availability of funds for domestic and parent-level purposes.
Exchange Agreement
Subject to the terms and conditions of the exchange agreement, as amended, between us and certain of the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.), holders of Partnership Units have the right, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the partnership agreement of PJT Partners Holdings LP, on a quarterly basis, to
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exchange all or part of their Partnership Units. Further, the Company may also require holders of Partnership Units who are not Service Providers (as defined in the Partnership Agreement of PJT Partners Holdings LP) to exchange such Partnership Units. The Board retains the sole option to determine whether to settle the exchange in either cash or for shares of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Depending on our liquidity and capital resources, market conditions, the timing and concentration of exchange requests and other considerations, we may choose to fund exchanges of Partnership Units with available cash, borrowings or new issuances of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock or to settle exchanges by issuing PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock to the exchanging holder of Partnership Units.
See Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Exchange Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 6, 2024, the Company announced that the Board authorized a $500 million Class A common stock repurchase program, which replaced the then-existing $200 million repurchase program authorized on April 25, 2022. As of December 31, 2025, our remaining repurchase authorization was $82.5 million. Under the repurchase program, which has no expiration date, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of shares repurchased depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
See Note 11. “Stockholders’ Equity—Treasury Stock” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
With respect to our litigation matters, including any litigation discussed under the caption “Legal Proceedings” elsewhere in this report, we are not currently able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support such an assessment, including, but not limited to, quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by courts on motions or appeals, analysis by experts or the status of any settlement negotiations. While the ultimate outcome and the costs associated with litigation are inherently uncertain and difficult to predict, we believe, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that we are not currently party to any material pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, the resolution of which would have a material effect on the Company.
Indemnifications
We have entered and may continue to enter into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification obligations. Our maximum exposure under these arrangements is not known; however, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
In connection with these matters, we have incurred and may continue to incur legal expenses, which are expensed as incurred.
Contractual Obligations
We have entered into operating leases, primarily with respect to office space in our various locations. Further disclosure regarding our leases is provided in Note 12. “Leases” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
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As of December 31, 2025, we had contractual obligations pursuant to the tax receivable agreement of $30.3 million, which represents management’s best estimate of the amounts currently expected to be owed under the tax receivable agreement. Actual payments may differ significantly from estimated payments. Further disclosure regarding the tax receivable agreement is presented in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Amount Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement” and Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Tax Receivable Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Estimating the amount of payments that may be made under the tax receivable agreement entered into with the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.) is by its nature imprecise, insofar as the calculation of amounts payable depends on a variety of factors. While the actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the tax receivable agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that as a result of the size of the transfers and increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of PJT Partners Holdings LP, the payments that PJT Partners Inc. may make under the tax receivable agreement will be substantial. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if, as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, the payments under the tax receivable agreement exceed the actual cash tax savings that PJT Partners Inc. realizes in respect of the tax attributes subject to the tax receivable agreement and/or distributions to PJT Partners Inc. by PJT Partners Holdings LP are not sufficient to permit PJT Partners Inc. to make payments under the tax receivable agreement after it has paid taxes. Late payments under the tax receivable agreement generally will accrue interest at an uncapped rate equal to SOFR plus 500 basis points.
Pursuant to the employee matters agreement entered into with our former Parent, we have agreed to pay the net realized cash benefit resulting from certain compensation-related tax deductions. Amounts are payable annually (for periods in which a cash benefit is realized) within nine months of the end of the relevant tax period. The amount of the tax benefit liability was $0.3 million as of December 31, 2025. Further disclosure regarding this liability is provided in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Transactions and Agreements with former Parent, Employee Matters Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Other
See Notes 8, 10, 12 and 14 in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information in connection with income taxes, equity-based and other deferred compensation plans, leasing arrangements and commitments, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, which are often subjective. Actual results may be affected negatively based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. We believe the following comprise the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and could potentially produce materially different results if we were to change underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
At contract inception, we assess the services promised in our contracts with customers and identify a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a service (or a bundle of services) that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, we consider all of the services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. Additionally, we allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligation(s) by estimating the amount of consideration in which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the promised services to the customer.
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For performance obligations that are satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized.
For performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time, we have determined that the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the output of the service at the time it is provided to the client. Additionally, at that point we have a present right to payment, we have transferred the output of the service and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and Benefits includes salaries, restricted and unrestricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards. Compensation costs relating to the issuance of equity-based awards with a requisite service period to partners and employees is measured at fair value at the grant date, taking into consideration expected forfeitures, and expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Equity-based awards that do not require future service are expensed immediately. Restricted cash awards with a requisite service period are expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Certain awards are expensed over the expected service period for partners and employees who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date.
In certain instances, we may grant equity-based awards containing both a service and a market condition. The effect of the market condition is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award and, for some awards, in the requisite service period based on a derived service period. Compensation cost is recognized for an award with a market condition over the requisite service period, provided that the requisite service period is completed, irrespective of whether the market condition is satisfied. If a recipient terminates employment before completion of the requisite service period, any compensation cost previously recognized is reversed. If the market condition is satisfied after the service condition but before the derived service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost is accelerated.
At our discretion, we may provide compensation to certain employees with repayment obligations and/or service provisions. Such payments are recorded in Compensation and Benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We assess the potential risk of forfeiture and likelihood of recouping amounts paid, and if deemed necessary, record a provision for forfeitures in the financial statements.
Recent Accounting Developments
Information regarding recent accounting developments and their impact on PJT Partners can be found in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Developments” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
MD&A history
Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. The latest 10-K appears above; prior years are below.
FY 2024 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0000950170-25-029132.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with PJT Partners Inc.’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.
Our Business
PJT Partners is a premier, global, advisory-focused investment bank that was built from the ground up to be different. Our highly experienced, collaborative teams provide independent advice coupled with old-world, high-touch client service. This ethos has allowed us to attract some of the very best talent in the markets in which we operate. We deliver leading advice to many of the world's most consequential companies, effect some of the most transformative transactions and restructurings and raise billions of dollars of capital around the globe to support startups and more established companies.
Further information regarding our business is provided in “Part I. Item 1. Business” of this filing.
Business Environment
Economic and global financial conditions can materially affect our operational and financial performance. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this filing for a discussion of some of the factors that can affect our performance.
M&A is a cyclical business that is impacted by macroeconomic conditions. There are several factors influencing global M&A activity in the intermediate term, including monetary policy, greater economic and geopolitical uncertainty and global growth. Worldwide M&A announced volumes in 2024 were up 10% compared with 20231. How these macroeconomic factors will impact the strength of strategic activity in the intermediate term is still uncertain. While we expect the markets to recover to historical relationships between M&A activity and broader market benchmarks, the pace of such recovery remains unclear.
Global restructuring and special situations activity remained strong throughout 2024 due to continued elevated levels of liability management and more traditional balance sheet restructurings. A number of factors continue to drive activity, as corporates and sponsors confront elevated interest rates, challenged business models, technological disruption, and changing consumer preferences. Activity throughout 2024 was dispersed across companies, creditors and financial sponsors as well as a broad cross section of industries and geographies, demonstrating a continued multi-year cycle of elevated activity, particularly in liability management.
Fund placement activity remained challenged in 2024 given the global macroeconomic environment and supply of alternative investment opportunities in the market seeking capital. Additionally, limited partners have become more discerning in their deployment of capital for both existing and new fund manager relationships. Investors continue to focus on existing relationships and, as a result, the bar for fund managers to attract new investors remains high as a flight to quality persists. As it relates to private capital solutions, investors' need for liquidity continues to be a driver for increased market volumes, and, absent any unexpected macroeconomic headwinds, these favorable conditions should persist.
1 Source: LSEG Global Mergers & Acquisitions Review for Full Year of 2024 as of December 31, 2024.
Key Financial Measures
Revenues
Substantially all of our revenues are derived from contracts with clients to provide advisory and placement services. This revenue is primarily a function of the number of active engagements we have, the size and the complexity of each of those engagements and the fees we charge for our services.
We provide a range of strategic advisory, shareholder advisory, capital markets advisory, and restructuring and special situations services to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the world. In conjunction with providing restructuring advice, we may also assist with raising various forms of financing, including debt and equity. Our private capital solutions services include providing General Partner solutions and investing solutions to clients seeking portfolio liquidity, unfunded commitment relief and investments in secondary markets. Our fund placement services primarily serve a diverse range of investment strategies,
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including private equity, alternative credit/hedge funds, and real estate. We advise on all aspects of the fundraising process including competitive positioning and market assessment, marketing materials and related documentation including partnership terms and conditions most prevalent in the current environment. We also provide public and private placement fundraising services to our corporate clients and recognize placement and underwriting fees based on the successful completion of the transaction.
The amount and timing of the fees paid vary by the type of engagement and are typically based on retainers, completion of a transaction or a capital raise. Fees earned for services provided to alternative asset managers are typically recognized upon acceptance by a fund of capital or capital commitments (referred to as a “closing”), in accordance with terms set forth in individual agreements. For commitment based fees, revenue is recognized over time as commitments are accepted. Fees for such closed-end fund arrangements are generally paid in installments over three or four years and interest is charged to the outstanding balance at an agreed upon rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate or an alternate reference rate, plus a market-based margin. For funds with multiple closings, the constraint on variable consideration is lifted upon each closing. For open-end fund structures, placement fees are typically calculated as a percentage of a placed investor’s month-end net asset value. Typically, we earn fees for such open-end fund structures over a four year period. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized over time as the constraint over variable consideration is lifted. We may receive non-refundable up-front fees in our contracts with customers, which are recorded as revenues in the period over which services are estimated to be provided.
A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons, including global and/or regional economic conditions, failure of parties to agree upon final terms, to secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, to secure necessary financing or to achieve necessary regulatory approvals. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees are subject to approval of the court.
Interest Income and Other – Interest Income and Other represents interest typically earned on Cash and Cash Equivalents, investments in Treasury securities and outstanding placement fees receivable; foreign exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; sublease income; and the amount of expense reimbursement invoiced to clients related to out-of-pocket expenses. Interest on placement fees receivable is earned from the time revenue is recognized and is calculated as mutually agreed upon with the receivable counterparty. Interest receivable is included in Accounts Receivable, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits – Compensation and Benefits expense includes salaries, restricted and unrestricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards. Changes in this expense are driven by fluctuations in the number of employees, the composition of our workforce, business performance, compensation adjustments in relation to market movements, changes in rates for employer taxes and other cost increases affecting benefit plans. The expense associated with our restricted and unrestricted cash award and equity plans can also have a significant impact and may vary from year to year. Certain awards are expensed over the requisite service period for partners and employees who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date. Over time, a greater number of partners and employees may become retirement eligible and the related requisite service period over which the expense is recognized will be shorter than the stated vesting period.
We maintain compensation programs, including salaries, annual incentive compensation (that may include components of unrestricted cash, restricted cash and/or equity-based awards) and benefits programs. We manage compensation to estimates of competitive levels based on market conditions and performance. Our level of compensation reflects our objective to maintain competitive compensation levels to retain key personnel and it reflects the impact of newly-hired senior professionals, including related grants of equity awards that are generally valued at their grant date fair value.
Increasing the number of high-caliber, experienced senior level employees is critical to our growth efforts and our continued investment in senior talent may also increase compensation and benefits expense. These hires generally do not generate significant revenue in the year they are hired.
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Our remaining expenses are the other costs typical to operating our business, which generally consist of:
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Occupancy and Related – consisting primarily of costs related to leased property, including rent, maintenance, real estate taxes, utilities and other related costs. Our company headquarters are located in New York, New York, and we maintain additional offices in the U.S. and throughout the world;
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Travel and Related – consisting primarily of costs for our partners and employees to render services where our clients are located;
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Professional Fees – consisting primarily of consulting, audit and tax, senior advisors, recruiting, legal and other professional services;
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Communications and Information Services – consisting primarily of costs for our technology infrastructure, business applications and cybersecurity related costs;
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Depreciation and Amortization – consisting of depreciation and amortization on our furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements and intangible assets; and
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Other Expenses – consisting primarily of provision for credit losses, regulatory fees, insurance, fees paid for access to external market data, advertising, charitable contributions, and other general operating expenses.
Income Taxes – PJT Partners Inc. is a corporation subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes in jurisdictions where it does business. Our businesses generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal and state purposes and as corporate entities in non-U.S. jurisdictions. In the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, taxes related to income earned by these entities generally represent obligations of the individual members and partners.
The operating entities have generally been subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax and to entity-level income taxes imposed by state and local as well as non-U.S. jurisdictions, as applicable. These taxes have been reflected in our consolidated financial statements.
PJT Partners Inc. is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income tax on its allocable share of results of operations from the holding partnership (PJT Partners Holdings LP).
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") Pillar Two Model Rules ("Pillar Two") set forth a global 15% minimum tax on the income arising in each jurisdiction in which we operate. Many jurisdictions have implemented or are in the process of implementing changes contemplated by Pillar Two, and when enacted by the various jurisdictions in which we do business, such changes may increase our taxes in such jurisdictions. Based on the available legislation, we concluded that Pillar Two did not have a material impact on our 2024 consolidated financial statements. The OECD continues to release additional guidance, including administrative guidance on interpretation and application of Pillar Two. We will continue to assess the potential future impacts of Pillar Two and will continue to review and monitor the issuance of additional guidance by both the OECD and various foreign jurisdictions.
Non-Controlling Interests
PJT Partners Inc. is a holding company and its only material asset is its controlling equity interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP, a holding partnership that holds the Company's operating subsidiaries, and certain cash and cash equivalents it may hold from time to time. As the sole general partner of PJT Partners Holdings LP, PJT Partners Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs and consolidates the financial results of PJT Partners Holdings LP and its operating subsidiaries. The portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2024 vs. 2023 | 2023 vs. 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in Thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory Fees | $ | 1,314,003 | $ | 1,026,646 | $ | 823,496 | $ | 287,357 | 28 | % | $ | 203,150 | 25 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Placement Fees | 146,258 | 102,611 | 192,890 | 43,647 | 43 | % | (90,279 | ) | (47 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income and Other | 32,916 | 23,925 | 9,119 | 8,991 | 38 | % | 14,806 | 162 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | 1,493,177 | 1,153,182 | 1,025,505 | 339,995 | 29 | % | 127,677 | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and Benefits | 1,032,070 | 805,385 | 669,141 | 226,685 | 28 | % | 136,244 | 20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy and Related | 50,695 | 40,420 | 35,253 | 10,275 | 25 | % | 5,167 | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Travel and Related | 37,003 | 31,190 | 30,404 | 5,813 | 19 | % | 786 | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional Fees | 37,619 | 36,581 | 27,200 | 1,038 | 3 | % | 9,381 | 34 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Communications and Information Services | 20,050 | 17,157 | 16,897 | 2,893 | 17 | % | 260 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | 12,799 | 14,047 | 15,475 | (1,248 | ) | (9 | %) | (1,428 | ) | (9 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other Expenses | 32,372 | 30,793 | 29,664 | 1,579 | 5 | % | 1,129 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Expenses | 1,222,608 | 975,573 | 824,034 | 247,035 | 25 | % | 151,539 | 18 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income Before Provision for Taxes | 270,569 | 177,609 | 201,471 | 92,960 | 52 | % | (23,862 | ) | (12 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Taxes | 32,096 | 31,927 | 36,699 | 169 | 1 | % | (4,772 | ) | (13 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | 238,473 | 145,682 | 164,772 | 92,791 | 64 | % | (19,090 | ) | (12 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests | 104,080 | 63,883 | 74,238 | 40,197 | 63 | % | (10,355 | ) | (14 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to PJT Partners Inc. | $ | 134,393 | $ | 81,799 | $ | 90,534 | $ | 52,594 | 64 | % | $ | (8,735 | ) | (10 | %) |
Revenues
The following table provides revenue statistics for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
| Total Number of Clients | 420 | 381 | 405 | ||||||||
| Total Number of Fees of at least $1 Million from Client Transactions | 230 | 198 | 187 |
There were no clients representing greater than 10% of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Total Revenues were $1,493.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $1,153.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a 29% increase. Advisory Fees were $1,314.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $287.4 million compared with $1,026.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in Advisory Fees was due to increases in strategic advisory, restructuring and private capital solutions. Placement Fees were $146.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $43.6 million compared with $102.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in Placement Fees was due to an increase in fund placement revenues. Interest Income and Other revenues were $32.9 million, an increase from $23.9 million in the prior year, principally due to higher interest income as a result of higher average cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances.
Expenses
Expenses were $1,222.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of $247.0 million compared with $975.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in expenses was principally attributable to increases in Compensation and Benefits, Occupancy and Related, Travel and Related, and
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Communications and Information Services expenses of $226.7 million, $10.3 million, $5.8 million, and $2.9 million, respectively. The increase in Compensation and Benefits was driven by higher revenues compared with the prior year period, partially offset by a lower accrual rate. Occupancy and Related increased principally due to the expansion of, and lease term extension for, our New York headquarters in the fourth quarter of 2023 and further expansion of our London office in the third quarter of 2024. Travel and Related increased due to increased levels of business travel. Communications and Information Services increased principally due to investments in technology infrastructure.
Provision for Taxes
The Company’s Provision for Taxes for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $32.1 million compared with $31.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 11.9% and 18.0%, respectively, based on our Income Before Provision for Taxes of $270.6 million and $177.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Non-Controlling Interests
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests is calculated by multiplying the Income Before Provision for Taxes by the percentage allocation of the income between the holders of common units of partnership interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP ("Partnership Units") and holders of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock after considering any contractual arrangements that govern the allocation of income.
We have omitted the discussion of the earliest of the three years covered in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such discussion is included in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
We regularly monitor our liquidity position, including cash and cash equivalents, investments, working capital assets and liabilities, any commitments and other liquidity requirements.
Our assets have been historically comprised of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables arising from advisory and placement engagements and operating lease right-of-use assets. Our liabilities generally include accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable and accrued expenses, taxes payable and operating lease liabilities. We expect to pay a significant amount of incentive compensation toward the end of each year and during the beginning of the next calendar year with respect to the prior year’s results. A portion of annual compensation may be awarded with equity-based compensation and thus requires less cash. We expect levels of cash to decline at the end of the year and during the first quarter of each year after incentive compensation is paid to our employees. We then expect cash to build throughout the remainder of the year.
On July 29, 2024, PJT Partners Holdings LP, as borrower the ("Borrower"), entered into a syndicated revolving credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) and related documents with Bank of America, N.A., as the administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), and certain other financial institutions party thereto as lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for a revolving credit facility with aggregate principal amount of up to $100 million and replaced the Company's Renewal and Modification Agreement and Amended and Restated Loan Agreement with First Republic Bank (now part of JPMorgan Chase) in its entirety. Further information regarding the Credit Agreement can be found in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Commitments, Line of Credit” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
As of December 31, 2024, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, there were no borrowings outstanding under then-existing Renewal and Modification Agreement and the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement with First Republic Bank (now part of JPMorgan Chase).
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As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the debt covenants under the Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the debt covenants under then-existing Renewal and Modification Agreement and the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement with First Republic Bank (now part of JPMorgan Chase).
We evaluate our cash needs on a regular basis. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $546.8 million and $436.9 million, respectively. The vast majority of these balances are either held in institutions labeled by the Financial Stability Board as global systemically important banks, money market funds or Treasury securities. Although we maintain multiple banking relationships with both global and regional banks and actively monitor the financial stability of such institutions, a failure at any institution where we maintain a banking relationship could impact our liquidity.
Our liquidity is highly dependent upon cash receipts from clients, which are generally dependent upon the successful completion of transactions as well as the timing of receivable collections. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, total accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, was $320.8 million and $263.5 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the allowance for credit losses was $2.5 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Included in Accounts Receivable, Net are long-term receivables of $88.6 million and $84.4 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to placement fees that are generally paid in installments over a period of three to four years.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Our primary cash needs are for working capital, paying operating expenses including cash compensation to our employees, exchanging of Partnership Units for cash, repurchasing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, paying income taxes, dividend payments, partnership tax distributions, capital expenditures, making payments pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, commitments and strategic investments. We expect to fund these liquidity requirements through cash flows from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our ability to fund these needs will depend, in part, on our ability to generate or raise cash in the future which depends on our future financial results, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors.
Additionally, our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations will be impacted by global economic conditions. If our cash flows from operations are significantly reduced, we may need to borrow from our revolving credit facility, incur debt, or issue additional equity. Although we believe that our revolving credit facility, and our ability to renew it, will permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions for the foreseeable future, our access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including: business performance; our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating; the liquidity of the overall capital markets; the current state of the economy; and stability of our lending institution. We cannot provide any assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or that such financing will be available at all. We believe that our future cash from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility, together with our access to funds on hand, will provide adequate resources to fund our liquidity and capital needs.
Regulatory Capital
We are subject to regulatory requirements in the U.S. and certain international jurisdictions to ensure general financial soundness and liquidity. This requires, among other things, that we comply with certain minimum capital requirements, recordkeeping, reporting procedures, experience and training requirements for employees and certain other requirements and procedures. These regulatory requirements may restrict the flow of funds to and from affiliates. See Note 15. “Regulated Entities” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information. The licenses under which we operate are meant to be appropriate to conduct our business. We actively monitor our regulatory capital base and we believe that we provide each of these entities with sufficient capital and liquidity, consistent with their business and regulatory requirements.
Our activities may also be subject to regulation, including regulatory capital requirements, by various other foreign jurisdictions and self-regulatory organizations.
We do not anticipate that compliance with any and all such requirements will materially adversely impact the availability of funds for domestic and parent-level purposes.
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Exchange Agreement
Subject to the terms and conditions of the exchange agreement, as amended, between us and certain of the holders Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.), holders of Partnership Units have the right, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the partnership agreement of PJT Partners Holdings LP, on a quarterly basis, to exchange all or part of the Partnership Units. Further, the Company may also require holders of Partnership Unit who are not Service Providers (as defined in the Partnership Agreement of PJT Partners Holdings LP) to exchange such Partnership Units. We retain the sole option to determine whether to settle the exchange in either cash or for shares of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Depending on our liquidity and capital resources, market conditions, the timing and concentration of exchange requests and other considerations, we may choose to fund exchanges of Partnership Units with available cash, borrowings or new issuances of PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock or to settle exchanges by issuing PJT Partners Inc. Class A common stock to the exchanging holder of Partnership Units.
See Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Exchange Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 6, 2024, the Company announced that the Board authorized a $500 million Class A common stock repurchase program, which replaced the then-existing $200 million repurchase program authorized on April 25, 2022. As of December 31, 2024, we had $277.7 million remaining under our existing authorization. Under the new repurchase program, which has no expiration date, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of shares repurchased depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time.
See Note 11. “Stockholders’ Equity—Treasury Stock” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
With respect to our litigation matters, including any litigation discussed under the caption “Legal Proceedings” elsewhere in this report, we are not currently able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support such an assessment, including, but not limited to, quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by courts on motions or appeals, analysis by experts or the status of any settlement negotiations. While the ultimate outcome and the costs associated with litigation are inherently uncertain and difficult to predict, we believe, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that we are not currently party to any material pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, the resolution of which would have a material effect on the Company.
Guarantee
The Company provides a guarantee to a lending institution for certain loans held by employees for investment in funds of its former Parent, which are secured by the underlying investments in those funds. The amount guaranteed was $2.0 million and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In connection with this guarantee, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
Indemnifications
We have entered and may continue to enter into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification obligations. Our maximum exposure under these arrangements is not known; however, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
In connection with these matters, we have incurred and may continue to incur legal expenses, which are expensed as incurred.
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Contractual Obligations
We have entered into operating leases, primarily with respect to office space in our various locations. Further disclosure regarding our leases is provided in Note 12. “Leases” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
As of December 31, 2024, we had an amount due of $29.3 million pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, which represents management’s best estimate of the amounts currently expected to be owed under the tax receivable agreement. Actual payments may differ significantly from estimated payments. Further disclosure regarding the tax receivable agreement is presented in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Amount Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement” and Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Tax Receivable Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Estimating the amount of payments that may be made under the tax receivable agreement entered into with the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.) is by its nature imprecise, insofar as the calculation of amounts payable depends on a variety of factors. While the actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the tax receivable agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that as a result of the size of the transfers and increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of PJT Partners Holdings LP, the payments that PJT Partners Inc. may make under the tax receivable agreement will be substantial. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if, as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, the payments under the tax receivable agreement exceed the actual cash tax savings that PJT Partners Inc. realizes in respect of the tax attributes subject to the tax receivable agreement and/or distributions to PJT Partners Inc. by PJT Partners Holdings LP are not sufficient to permit PJT Partners Inc. to make payments under the tax receivable agreement after it has paid taxes. Late payments under the tax receivable agreement generally will accrue interest at an uncapped rate equal to SOFR plus 500 basis points.
Pursuant to the employee matters agreement entered into with our former Parent, we have agreed to pay the net realized cash benefit resulting from certain compensation-related tax deductions. Amounts are payable annually (for periods in which a cash benefit is realized) within nine months of the end of the relevant tax period. The amount of the tax benefit liability was $0.5 million as of December 31, 2024. Further disclosure regarding this liability is provided in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Transactions and Agreements with former Parent, Employee Matters Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Other
See Notes 8, 10, 12 and 14 in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information in connection with income taxes, equity-based and other deferred compensation plans, leasing arrangements and commitments, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, which are often subjective. Actual results may be affected negatively based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. We believe the following comprise the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and could potentially produce materially different results if we were to change underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments.
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Revenue from Contracts with Customers
At contract inception, we assess the services promised in our contracts with customers and identify a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a service (or a bundle of services) that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, we consider all of the services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. Additionally, we allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligation(s) by estimating the amount of consideration in which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring the promised services to the customer.
For performance obligations that are satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized.
For performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time, we have determined that the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the output of the service at the time it is provided to the client. Additionally, at that point we have a present right to payment, we have transferred the output of the service and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and Benefits includes salaries, restricted and unrestricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards. Compensation costs relating to the issuance of equity-based awards with a requisite service period to partners and employees is measured at fair value at the grant date, taking into consideration expected forfeitures, and expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Equity-based awards that do not require future service are expensed immediately. Restricted cash awards are expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Certain awards are expensed over the expected service period for partners and employees who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date.
In certain instances, we may grant equity-based awards containing both a service and a market condition. The effect of the market condition is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award and, for some awards, in the requisite service period based on a derived service period. Compensation cost is recognized for an award with a market condition over the requisite service period, provided that the requisite service period is completed, irrespective of whether the market condition is satisfied. If a recipient terminates employment before completion of the requisite service period, any compensation cost previously recognized is reversed. If the market condition is satisfied after the service condition but before the derived service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost is accelerated.
At our discretion, we may provide compensation to certain employees with repayment obligations and/or service provisions. Such payments are recorded in Compensation and Benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We assess the potential risk of forfeiture and likelihood of recouping amounts paid, and if deemed necessary, record a provision for forfeitures in the financial statements.
Recent Accounting Developments
Information regarding recent accounting developments and their impact on PJT Partners can be found in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Developments” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
FY 2023 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0000950170-24-022152.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with PJT Partners Inc.’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.
Our Business
PJT Partners is a premier, global, advisory-focused investment bank that was built from the ground up to be different. Our highly experienced, collaborative teams provide independent advice coupled with old-world, high-touch client service. This ethos has allowed us to attract some of the very best talent in the markets in which we operate. We deliver leading advice to many of the world's most consequential companies, effect some of the most transformative transactions and restructurings and raise billions of dollars of capital around the globe to support startups and more established companies.
Further information regarding our business is provided in “Part I. Item 1. Business” of this filing.
Business Environment
Economic and global financial conditions can materially affect our operational and financial performance. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this filing for a discussion of some of the factors that can affect our performance.
M&A is a cyclical business that is impacted by macroeconomic conditions. There are several factors weighing on global M&A activity in the intermediate-term, including monetary policy, greater economic and geopolitical uncertainty and slowing global growth. Worldwide M&A announced volumes during 2023 were down 17% compared with 20221 as these factors adversely impacted the strength of strategic activity. While we expect the markets to recover to historical relationships, between M&A activity and broader market benchmarks, the pace of such recovery remains unclear.
Global restructuring and liability management activity remained at elevated levels throughout 2023 as elevated interest rates, dislocated capital markets and slowing economic growth drove an increase in balance sheet restructurings and liability management activity. Restructuring activity during the year was driven by a mix of both liability management activity as well as in-court restructuring assignments as companies, creditors and financial sponsors continued to focus on comprehensive capital structure solutions. Both liability management and more traditional restructuring transactions remain dispersed across a broad cross section of industries and geographies.
Given the global macroeconomic environment and supply of alternative investment opportunities in the market seeking capital, limited partners have become more discerning in their deployment of capital for both existing and new fund manager relationships. Investors continue to focus on existing relationships and, as a result, the bar for fund managers to attract new investors remains high as a flight to quality persists. As it relates to secondary activity, market volatility has increased resulting from rising inflation, supply chain disruption and geopolitical events. As a result, market sentiment has shifted away from highly concentrated portfolio structures in favor of diversification.
1 Source: LSEG Global Mergers & Acquisitions Review for Full Year of 2023 as of December 31, 2023.
Key Financial Measures
Revenues
Substantially all of our revenues are derived from contracts with clients to provide advisory and placement services. This revenue is primarily a function of the number of active engagements we have, the size of each of those engagements and the fees we charge for our services.
We provide a range of strategic advisory, shareholder advisory, capital markets advisory, and restructuring and special situations services to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the world. In conjunction with providing restructuring advice, we may also assist with raising various forms of financing, including debt and equity. Our private capital solutions services include providing General Partner solutions and investing solutions to clients seeking portfolio liquidity, unfunded commitment relief and investments in secondary markets. Our fund placement services primarily serve a diverse range of investment strategies,
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including private equity, alternative credit/hedge funds, and real estate. We advise on all aspects of the fundraising process including competitive positioning and market assessment, marketing materials and related documentation including partnership terms and conditions most prevalent in the current environment. We also provide public and private placement fundraising services to our corporate clients and recognize placement and underwriting fees based on the successful completion of the transaction.
The amount and timing of the fees paid vary by the type of engagement and are typically based on retainers, completion of a transaction or a capital raise. Fees earned for services provided to alternative asset managers are typically recognized upon acceptance by a fund of capital or capital commitments (referred to as a “closing”), in accordance with terms set forth in individual agreements. For commitment based fees, revenue is recognized over time as commitments are accepted. Fees for such closed-end fund arrangements are generally paid in installments over three or four years and interest is charged to the outstanding balance at an agreed upon rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate or an alternate reference rate, plus a market-based margin. For funds with multiple closings, the constraint on variable consideration is lifted upon each closing. For open-end fund structures, placement fees are typically calculated as a percentage of a placed investor’s month-end net asset value. Typically, we earn fees for such open-end fund structures over a four year period. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized over time as the constraint over variable consideration is lifted. We may receive non-refundable up-front fees in our contracts with customers, which are recorded as revenues in the period over which services are estimated to be provided.
A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons, including global and/or regional economic conditions, failure of parties to agree upon final terms, to secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, to secure necessary financing or to achieve necessary regulatory approvals. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees are subject to approval of the court.
Interest Income and Other – Interest Income and Other represents interest typically earned on Cash and Cash Equivalents, investments in Treasury securities and outstanding placement fees receivable; foreign exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; sublease income; and the amount of expense reimbursement invoiced to clients related to out-of-pocket expenses. Interest on placement fees receivable is earned from the time revenue is recognized and is calculated as mutually agreed upon with the receivable counterparty. Interest receivable is included in Accounts Receivable, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits – Compensation and Benefits expense includes salaries, restricted and unrestricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards to partners and employees. Changes in this expense are driven by fluctuations in the number of employees, the composition of our workforce, business performance, compensation adjustments in relation to market movements, changes in rates for employer taxes and other cost increases affecting benefit plans. The expense associated with our restricted and unrestricted cash award and equity plans can also have a significant impact on this expense category and may vary from year to year. Certain awards are expensed over the expected service period for partners and employees who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date. Over time, a greater number of partners and employees may become retirement eligible and the related requisite service period over which the expense is recognized will be shorter than the stated vesting period.
We maintain compensation programs, including salaries, annual incentive compensation (that may include components of unrestricted cash, restricted cash and/or equity-based awards) and benefits programs. We manage compensation to estimates of competitive levels based on market conditions and performance. Our level of compensation reflects our plan to maintain competitive compensation levels to retain key personnel and it reflects the impact of newly-hired senior professionals, including related grants of equity awards that are generally valued at their grant date fair value.
Increasing the number of high-caliber, experienced senior level employees is critical to our growth efforts and our continued investment in senior talent may also increase compensation and benefits expense. These hires generally do not generate significant revenue in the year they are hired.
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Our remaining expenses are the other costs typical to operating our business, which generally consist of:
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Occupancy and Related – consisting primarily of costs related to leased property, including rent, maintenance, real estate taxes, utilities and other related costs. Our company headquarters are located in New York, New York, and we maintain additional offices in the U.S. and throughout the world;
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Travel and Related – consisting of costs for our partners and employees to render services where our clients are located;
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Professional Fees – consisting primarily of consulting, audit and tax, senior advisors, recruiting, legal and other professional services;
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Communications and Information Services – consisting primarily of costs for our technology infrastructure, business applications and cybersecurity related costs;
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Depreciation and Amortization – consisting of depreciation and amortization on our furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements and intangible assets; and
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Other Expenses – consisting primarily of provision for credit losses, regulatory fees, insurance, fees paid for access to external market data, advertising, charitable contributions, and other general operating expenses.
Income Taxes – PJT Partners Inc. is a corporation subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes in jurisdictions where it does business. Our businesses generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal and state purposes and as corporate entities in non-U.S. jurisdictions. In the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, taxes related to income earned by these entities generally represent obligations of the individual members and partners.
The operating entities have generally been subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax and to entity-level income taxes imposed by state and local as well as non-U.S. jurisdictions, as applicable. These taxes have been reflected in our consolidated financial statements.
PJT Partners Inc. is subject to U.S. corporate federal, state and local income tax on its allocable share of results of operations from the holding partnership (PJT Partners Holdings LP).
Non-Controlling Interests
PJT Partners Inc. is a holding company and its only material asset is its controlling equity interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP, a holding partnership that holds the Company's operating subsidiaries, and certain cash and cash equivalents it may hold from time to time. As the sole general partner of PJT Partners Holdings LP, PJT Partners Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs and consolidates the financial results of PJT Partners Holdings LP and its operating subsidiaries. The portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2023 vs. 2022 | 2022 vs. 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in Thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory Fees | $ | 1,026,646 | $ | 823,496 | $ | 762,723 | $ | 203,150 | 25 | % | $ | 60,773 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Placement Fees | 102,611 | 192,890 | 216,692 | (90,279 | ) | (47 | %) | (23,802 | ) | (11 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income and Other | 23,925 | 9,119 | 12,530 | 14,806 | 162 | % | (3,411 | ) | (27 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | 1,153,182 | 1,025,505 | 991,945 | 127,677 | 12 | % | 33,560 | 3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and Benefits | 805,385 | 669,141 | 640,040 | 136,244 | 20 | % | 29,101 | 5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy and Related | 40,420 | 35,253 | 34,686 | 5,167 | 15 | % | 567 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Travel and Related(1) | 31,190 | 30,404 | 10,811 | 786 | 3 | % | 19,593 | 181 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional Fees | 36,581 | 27,200 | 27,209 | 9,381 | 34 | % | (9 | ) | (0 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Communications and Information Services | 17,157 | 16,897 | 18,060 | 260 | 2 | % | (1,163 | ) | (6 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | 14,047 | 15,475 | 15,750 | (1,428 | ) | (9 | %) | (275 | ) | (2 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other Expenses(1) | 30,793 | 29,664 | 25,940 | 1,129 | 4 | % | 3,724 | 14 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Expenses | 975,573 | 824,034 | 772,496 | 151,539 | 18 | % | 51,538 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income Before Provision for Taxes | 177,609 | 201,471 | 219,449 | (23,862 | ) | (12 | %) | (17,978 | ) | (8 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Taxes | 31,927 | 36,699 | 29,494 | (4,772 | ) | (13 | %) | 7,205 | 24 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | 145,682 | 164,772 | 189,955 | (19,090 | ) | (12 | %) | (25,183 | ) | (13 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests | 63,883 | 74,238 | 83,787 | (10,355 | ) | (14 | %) | (9,549 | ) | (11 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to PJT Partners Inc. | $ | 81,799 | $ | 90,534 | $ | 106,168 | $ | (8,735 | ) | (10 | %) | $ | (15,634 | ) | (15 | %) |
(1) Certain balances on the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the prior periods have been reclassified to conform to their current presentation. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, this resulted in a reclassification of $5.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively, from Other Expenses to Travel and Related. This reclassification had no impact on net income or Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Revenues
The following table provides revenue statistics for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| Total Number of Clients | 381 | 405 | 399 | ||||||||
| Total Number of Fees of at least $1 Million from Client Transactions | 198 | 187 | 159 |
There were no clients representing greater than 10% of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Total Revenues were $1,153.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared with $1,025.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, a 12% increase. Advisory Fees were $1,026.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $203.1 million compared with $823.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in Advisory Fees was due to an increase in restructuring revenues, which was partially offset by decreases in strategic advisory and private capital solutions. Placement Fees were $102.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $90.3 million compared with $192.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in Placement Fees was principally due to a decrease in fund placement revenues. Interest Income and Other revenues were $23.9 million, an increase from $9.1 million in the prior year, principally due to higher interest income.
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Expenses
Expenses were $975.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $151.5 million compared with $824.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in expenses was principally attributable to increases in Compensation and Benefits, Professional Fees and Occupancy and Related expenses of $136.2 million, $9.4 million and $5.2 million, respectively. The increase in Compensation and Benefits was driven by the combination of higher revenues and a higher accrual rate compared with the prior year. Professional Fees increased principally due to higher consulting and legal expenses relating to the firm's business activities. Occupancy and Related increased principally due to the further expansion of our New York headquarters.
Provision for Taxes
The Company’s Provision for Taxes for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $31.9 million compared with $36.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 18.0% and 18.2%, respectively, based on our Income Before Provision for Taxes of $177.6 million and $201.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Non-Controlling Interests
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests is calculated by multiplying the Income Before Provision for Taxes by the percentage allocation of the income between the holders of Partnership Units and holders of Class A common stock of PJT Partners Inc. after considering any contractual arrangements that govern the allocation of income.
We have omitted the discussion of the earliest of the three years covered in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such discussion is included in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2023, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
We regularly monitor our liquidity position, including cash and cash equivalents, investments, working capital assets and liabilities, any commitments and other liquidity requirements.
Our assets have been historically comprised of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables arising from advisory and placement engagements and operating lease right-of-use assets. Our liabilities generally include accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable and accrued expenses, taxes payable and operating lease liabilities. We expect to pay a significant amount of incentive compensation toward the end of each year and during the beginning of the next calendar year with respect to the prior year’s results. A portion of annual compensation may be awarded with equity-based compensation and thus requires less cash. We expect levels of cash to decline at the end of the year and during the first quarter of each year after incentive compensation is paid to our employees. We then expect cash to build throughout the remainder of the year.
On February 1, 2021, PJT Partners Holdings LP, as borrower (the “Borrower”), entered into a Renewal and Modification Agreement (the “Renewal Agreement”) and related documents with First Republic Bank (now part of JPMorgan Chase), as lender (the “Lender”), amending the terms of the Borrower’s revolving credit facility with the Lender under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated October 1, 2018 (the “Amended and Restated Loan Agreement”). On February 7, 2023, the Renewal Agreement was further amended to extend the maturity date to October 1, 2024. Further information regarding the Renewal Agreement and Amended and Restated Loan Agreement can be found in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Commitments, Line of Credit” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we were in compliance with the debt covenants under the Renewal Agreement and Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, respectively. Additionally, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility.
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We evaluate our cash needs on a regular basis in light of current market conditions. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $436.9 million and $223.5 million, respectively.
Our liquidity is highly dependent upon cash receipts from clients, which are generally dependent upon the successful completion of transactions as well as the timing of receivable collections. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, total accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, were $263.5 million and $317.8 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the allowance for credit losses was $2.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Included in Accounts Receivable, Net are long-term receivables of $84.4 million and $133.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to placement fees that are generally paid in installments over a period of three to four years.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Our primary cash needs are for working capital, paying operating expenses, including cash compensation to our employees, exchanging of Partnership Units for cash, repurchasing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, paying income taxes, dividend payments, partnership tax distributions, capital expenditures, making payments pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, commitments and strategic investments. We expect to fund these liquidity requirements through cash flows from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our ability to fund these needs will depend, in part, on our ability to generate or raise cash in the future which depends on our future financial results, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors.
Additionally, our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations will be impacted by global economic conditions. If our cash flows from operations are significantly reduced, we may need to borrow from our revolving credit facility, incur debt, or issue additional equity. Although we believe that our revolving credit facility, and our ability to renew it, will permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions for the foreseeable future, our access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including: business performance; our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating; the liquidity of the overall capital markets; the current state of the economy; and stability of our lending institution. We cannot provide any assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or that such financing will be available at all. We believe that our future cash from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility, together with our access to funds on hand, will provide adequate resources to fund our liquidity and capital needs.
Regulatory Capital
We actively monitor our regulatory capital base. We are subject to regulatory requirements in the U.S. and certain international jurisdictions to ensure general financial soundness and liquidity. This requires, among other things, that we comply with certain minimum capital requirements, recordkeeping, reporting procedures, experience and training requirements for employees and certain other requirements and procedures. These regulatory requirements may restrict the flow of funds to and from affiliates. See Note 15. “Regulated Entities” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information. The licenses under which we operate are meant to be appropriate to conduct our business. We believe that we provide each of these entities with sufficient capital and liquidity, consistent with their business and regulatory requirements.
Our activities may also be subject to regulation, including regulatory capital requirements, by various other foreign jurisdictions and self-regulatory organizations.
We do not anticipate that compliance with any and all such requirements will materially adversely impact the availability of funds for domestic and parent-level purposes.
Exchange Agreement
Subject to the terms and conditions of the exchange agreement, as amended, between us and certain of the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.), Partnership Units are exchangeable at the option of the holder for cash or, at our election, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Depending on our liquidity and capital resources, market conditions, the timing and concentration of exchange requests and other considerations, we may choose to fund exchanges of Partnership Units with available cash, borrowings or new
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issuances of Class A common stock or to settle exchanges by issuing Class A common stock to the exchanging holder of Partnership Units.
See Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Exchange Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 6, 2024, the Company announced that the Board authorized a $500 million Class A common stock repurchase program, which replaced the then-existing $200 million repurchase program authorized on April 25, 2022, of which $57.0 million was remaining as of December 31, 2023. Under the new repurchase program, which has no expiration date, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of shares repurchased depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date.
See Note 11. “Stockholders’ Equity—Treasury Stock” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
With respect to our litigation matters, including any litigation discussed under the caption “Legal Proceedings” elsewhere in this report, we are not currently able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support such an assessment, including quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by courts on motions or appeals, analysis by experts or the status of any settlement negotiations. While the ultimate outcome and the costs associated with litigation are inherently uncertain and difficult to predict, we believe, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that we are not currently party to any material pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, the resolution of which would have a material effect on the Company.
Guarantee
The Company provides a guarantee to a lending institution for certain loans held by employees for investment in funds of its former Parent, which are secured by the underlying investments in those funds. The amount guaranteed was $2.3 million and $3.3 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In connection with this guarantee, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
Indemnifications
We have entered and may continue to enter into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification obligations. Our maximum exposure under these arrangements is not known; however, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
In connection with these matters, we have incurred and may continue to incur legal expenses, which are expensed as incurred.
Contractual Obligations
We have entered into operating leases, primarily with respect to office space in our various locations. Further disclosure regarding our leases is provided in Note 12. “Leases” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
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As of December 31, 2023, we had an amount due of $29.7 million pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, which represents management’s best estimate of the amounts currently expected to be owed under the tax receivable agreement. Actual payments may differ significantly from estimated payments. Further disclosure regarding the tax receivable agreement is presented in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Amount Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement” and Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Tax Receivable Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Estimating the amount of payments that may be made under the tax receivable agreement entered into with the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.) is by its nature imprecise, insofar as the calculation of amounts payable depends on a variety of factors. While the actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the tax receivable agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that as a result of the size of the transfers and increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of PJT Partners Holdings LP, the payments that PJT Partners Inc. may make under the tax receivable agreement will be substantial. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if, as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, the payments under the tax receivable agreement exceed the actual cash tax savings that PJT Partners Inc. realizes in respect of the tax attributes subject to the tax receivable agreement and/or distributions to PJT Partners Inc. by PJT Partners Holdings LP are not sufficient to permit PJT Partners Inc. to make payments under the tax receivable agreement after it has paid taxes. Late payments under the tax receivable agreement generally will accrue interest at an uncapped rate equal to SOFR plus 72 basis points.
Pursuant to the employee matters agreement entered into with Blackstone, we have agreed to pay Blackstone the net realized cash benefit resulting from certain compensation-related tax deductions. Amounts are payable annually (for periods in which a cash benefit is realized) within nine months of the end of the relevant tax period. The amount of the tax benefit liability was $0.1 million as of December 31, 2023. Further disclosure regarding this liability is provided in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Transactions and Agreements with Blackstone, Employee Matters Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Other
See Notes 8, 10, 12 and 14 in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information in connection with income taxes, equity-based and other deferred compensation plans, leasing arrangements and commitments, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, which are often subjective. Actual results may be affected negatively based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. We believe the following comprise the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and could potentially produce materially different results if we were to change underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
At contract inception, we assess the services promised in our contracts with customers and identify a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a service (or a bundle of services) that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, we consider all of the services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. Additionally, we allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligation(s) by estimating the amount of consideration in which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services to the customer.
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For performance obligations that are satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized.
For performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time, we have determined that the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the output of the service at the time it is provided to the client. Additionally, at that point we have a present right to payment, we have transferred the output of the service and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and Benefits includes salaries, restricted and unrestricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards to partners and employees. Compensation costs relating to the issuance of equity-based awards with a requisite service period to partners and employees is measured at fair value at the grant date, taking into consideration expected forfeitures, and expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Equity-based awards that do not require future service are expensed immediately. Restricted cash awards are expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Certain awards are expensed over the expected service period for partners and employees who are or will become retirement eligible prior to the stated vesting date.
In certain instances, we may grant equity-based awards containing both a service and a market condition. The effect of the market condition is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award and, for some awards, in the requisite service period based on a derived service period. Compensation cost is recognized for an award with a market condition over the requisite service period, provided that the requisite service period is completed, irrespective of whether the market condition is satisfied. If a recipient terminates employment before completion of the requisite service period, any compensation cost previously recognized is reversed. If the market condition is satisfied after the service condition but before the derived service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost is accelerated.
At our discretion, we may provide compensation to certain employees with repayment obligations and/or service provisions. Such payments are recorded in Compensation and Benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We assess the potential risk of forfeiture and likelihood of recouping amounts paid, and if deemed necessary, record a provision for forfeitures in the financial statements.
Recent Accounting Developments
Information regarding recent accounting developments and their impact on PJT Partners can be found in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Developments” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
FY 2022 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001564590-23-002439.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with PJT Partners Inc.’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.
Our Business
PJT Partners is a premier global advisory-focused investment bank. We offer a unique portfolio of advisory services designed to help our clients achieve their strategic objectives. Our team of senior professionals delivers a range of strategic advisory, capital markets advisory, restructuring and special situations and shareholder advisory services to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the world. We also provide private fund advisory and fundraising services for alternative investment strategies, including private equity, real estate, hedge funds and private credit.
Further information regarding our business is provided in “Part I. Item 1. Business” of this filing.
Business Environment
Economic and global financial conditions can materially affect our operational and financial performance. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this filing for a discussion of some of the factors that can affect our performance.
M&A is a cyclical business that is impacted by macroeconomic conditions. There are several factors weighing on global M&A activity in the intermediate-term, including monetary policy, a downturn in equity markets, greater economic and geopolitical uncertainty and slowing global growth. Worldwide M&A announced volumes during 2022 were down 37% compared with 20211 as these factors adversely impacted the strength of strategic activity. While the pace of activity has changed, we expect corporate boards and management teams to continue to use M&A as a strategic tool.
A combination of sharply higher financing costs, dislocated capital markets and more challenging operating fundamentals led to increased global restructuring activity during 2022. Adverse macroeconomic conditions, particularly in the debt and equity markets drove an increase of in-court restructurings, particularly in the second half of the year. In addition, out-of-court liability management transactions, primarily driven by financial sponsor activity remained active. Restructuring opportunities remain across most sectors and geographies including healthcare, consumer-driven businesses and industrials driven by a mix of liability management, capital raise transactions and more traditional in-court Chapter 11 activities.
Given the global macroeconomic environment and supply of alternative investment opportunities in the market seeking capital, limited partners have become more discerning in their deployment of capital for both existing and new fund manager relationships. Investors continue to focus on existing relationships and, as a result, the bar for fund managers to attract new investors remains high as a flight to quality persists. As it relates to secondary activity, market volatility has increased resulting from rising inflation, supply chain disruption and geopolitical events. As a result, market sentiment has shifted away from highly concentrated portfolio structures in favor of diversification.
Key Financial Measures
Revenues
Substantially all of our revenues are derived from contracts with clients to provide advisory and placement services. This revenue is primarily a function of the number of active engagements we have, the size of each of those engagements and the fees we charge for our services.
We provide a range of strategic advisory, capital markets advisory, restructuring and special situations and shareholder advisory services to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the world. In conjunction with providing restructuring advice, we may also assist with raising various forms of financing, including debt and equity. Our secondary advisory services include providing GP solutions and investing solutions to clients seeking portfolio liquidity, unfunded commitment relief and investments in secondary markets. Our fund placement services primarily serve alternative investment strategies, including private equity, real estate,
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| 1 | Source: Refinitiv Global Mergers & Acquisitions Review for Full Year of 2022 as of December 31, 2022. |
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hedge funds and private credit. We advise on all aspects of the fundraising process including competitive positioning and market assessment, marketing materials and related documentation including partnership terms and conditions most prevalent in the current environment. We also provide public and private placement fundraising services to our corporate clients and recognize placement and underwriting fees based on the successful completion of the transaction.
The amount and timing of the fees paid vary by the type of engagement and are typically based on retainers, completion of a transaction or a capital raise. Fees earned for services provided to alternative asset managers are typically recognized upon acceptance by a fund of capital or capital commitments (referred to as a “closing”), in accordance with terms set forth in individual agreements. For commitment based fees, revenue is recognized over time as commitments are accepted. Fees for such closed-end fund arrangements are generally paid in installments over three or four years and interest is charged to the outstanding balance at an agreed upon rate, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate or an alternate reference rate, plus a market-based margin. For funds with multiple closings, the constraint on variable consideration is lifted upon each closing. For open-end fund structures, placement fees are typically calculated as a percentage of a placed investor’s month-end net asset value. Typically, we earn fees for such open-end fund structures over a 48 month period. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized over time as the constraint over variable consideration is lifted. We may receive non-refundable up-front fees in our contracts with customers, which are recorded as revenues in the period over which services are estimated to be provided.
A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons, including global and/or regional economic conditions, failure of parties to agree upon final terms, to secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, to secure necessary financing or to achieve necessary regulatory approvals. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees are subject to approval of the court.
Interest Income and Other – Interest Income and Other represents interest typically earned on Cash and Cash Equivalents, investments in Treasury securities and outstanding placement fees receivable; miscellaneous income; foreign exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; sublease income; and the amount of expense reimbursement invoiced to clients related to out-of-pocket expenses. Interest on placement fees receivable is earned from the time revenue is recognized and is calculated as mutually agreed upon with the receivable counterparty. Interest receivable is included in Accounts Receivable, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits – Compensation and Benefits expense includes salaries, cash bonuses and restricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards to partners and employees. Changes in this expense are driven by fluctuations in the number of employees, composition of our workforce, business performance, compensation adjustments in relation to market movements, changes in rates for employer taxes and other cost increases affecting benefit plans. The expense associated with our bonus and equity plans can also have a significant impact on this expense category and may vary from year to year.
We maintain compensation programs, including salaries, annual incentive compensation (that may include components of cash, restricted cash and/or equity-based awards) and benefits programs. We manage compensation to estimates of competitive levels based on market conditions and performance. Our level of compensation reflects our plan to maintain competitive compensation levels to retain key personnel and it reflects the impact of newly-hired senior professionals, including related grants of equity awards that are generally valued at their grant date fair value.
Increasing the number of high-caliber, experienced senior level employees is critical to our growth efforts. In our advisory businesses, these hires generally do not begin to generate significant revenue in the year they are hired.
Our remaining expenses are the other costs typical to operating our business, which generally consist of:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Occupancy and Related – consisting primarily of costs related to leased property, including rent, maintenance, real estate taxes, utilities and other related costs. Our company headquarters are located in New York, New York, and we maintain additional offices in the U.S. and throughout the world; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Travel and Related – consisting of costs for our partners and employees to render services where our clients are located; |
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| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Professional Fees – consisting primarily of consulting, audit and tax, senior advisors, recruiting, legal and other professional services; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Communications and Information Services – consisting primarily of costs for our technology infrastructure and telecommunications costs; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Depreciation and Amortization – consisting of depreciation and amortization on our furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements and intangible assets; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Other Expenses – consisting primarily of provision for credit losses, regulatory fees, insurance, fees paid for access to external market data, advertising, events, charitable contributions, and other general operating expenses. |
Income Taxes – PJT Partners Inc. is a corporation subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes in jurisdictions where it does business. Our businesses generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal and state purposes and as corporate entities in non-U.S. jurisdictions. In the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, taxes related to income earned by these entities generally represent obligations of the individual members and partners.
The operating entities have generally been subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax and to entity-level income taxes imposed by state and local as well as non-U.S. jurisdictions, as applicable. These taxes have been reflected in our consolidated financial statements.
PJT Partners Inc. is subject to U.S. corporate federal, state and local income tax on its allocable share of results of operations from the operating partnership (PJT Partners Holdings LP).
Non-Controlling Interests
PJT Partners Inc. is a holding company and its only material asset is its controlling equity interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP, and certain cash and cash equivalents it may hold from time to time. As the sole general partner of PJT Partners Holdings LP, PJT Partners Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs and consolidates the financial results of PJT Partners Holdings LP and its operating subsidiaries.
The portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2022 vs. 2021 | 2021 vs. 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in Thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory Fees | $ | 823,496 | $ | 762,723 | $ | 872,286 | $ | 60,773 | 8 | % | $ | (109,563 | ) | (13 | %) | |||||||||||||
| Placement Fees | 192,890 | 216,692 | 162,237 | (23,802 | ) | (11 | %) | 54,455 | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income and Other | 9,119 | 12,530 | 17,777 | (3,411 | ) | (27 | %) | (5,247 | ) | (30 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | 1,025,505 | 991,945 | 1,052,300 | 33,560 | 3 | % | (60,355 | ) | (6 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and Benefits | 669,141 | 640,040 | 683,393 | 29,101 | 5 | % | (43,353 | ) | (6 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy and Related | 35,253 | 34,686 | 34,282 | 567 | 2 | % | 404 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Travel and Related | 25,197 | 9,073 | 7,345 | 16,124 | 178 | % | 1,728 | 24 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Professional Fees | 27,200 | 27,209 | 23,014 | (9 | ) | (0 | %) | 4,195 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Communications and Information Services | 16,897 | 18,060 | 14,669 | (1,163 | ) | (6 | %) | 3,391 | 23 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | 15,475 | 15,750 | 15,055 | (275 | ) | (2 | %) | 695 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other Expenses | 34,871 | 27,678 | 26,581 | 7,193 | 26 | % | 1,097 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Expenses | 824,034 | 772,496 | 804,339 | 51,538 | 7 | % | (31,843 | ) | (4 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income Before Provision for Taxes | 201,471 | 219,449 | 247,961 | (17,978 | ) | (8 | %) | (28,512 | ) | (11 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Taxes | 36,699 | 29,494 | 35,535 | 7,205 | 24 | % | (6,041 | ) | (17 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | 164,772 | 189,955 | 212,426 | (25,183 | ) | (13 | %) | (22,471 | ) | (11 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests | 74,238 | 83,787 | 94,877 | (9,549 | ) | (11 | %) | (11,090 | ) | (12 | %) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to PJT Partners Inc. | $ | 90,534 | $ | 106,168 | $ | 117,549 | $ | (15,634 | ) | (15 | %) | $ | (11,381 | ) | (10 | %) |
Revenues
The following table provides revenue statistics for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| Total Number of Clients | 405 | 399 | 374 | ||||||||
| Total Number of Fees of at Least $1 Million from Client Transactions | 187 | 159 | 173 |
There were no clients representing greater than 10% of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.
Total Revenues were $1,025.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared with $991.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, a 3% increase. Advisory Fees were $823.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $60.8 million compared with $762.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in Advisory Fees was principally due to an increase in restructuring revenues. Placement Fees were $192.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, a decrease of $23.8 million compared with $216.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in Placement Fees was due to a decrease in corporate placement revenues.
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Expenses
Expenses were $824.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, an increase of $51.5 million compared with $772.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in expenses was principally attributable to increases in Compensation and Benefits and Travel and Related of $29.1 million and $16.1 million, respectively. The increase in Compensation and Benefits reflects a higher compensation accrual rate in 2022 compared with 2021. Travel and Related increased during the current year due to increased levels of business travel.
Provision for Taxes
The Company’s Provision for Taxes for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $36.7 million compared with $29.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 18.2% and 13.4%, respectively, based on our Income Before Provision for Taxes of $201.5 million and $219.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2022 from the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily driven by an increase in permanent differences related to equity-based compensation and entity level tax in state and local jurisdictions.
Non-Controlling Interests
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests is calculated by multiplying the Income Before Provision for Taxes by the percentage allocation of the income between the holders of Partnership Units and holders of Class A common stock of PJT Partners Inc. after considering any contractual arrangements that govern the allocation of income.
We have omitted the discussion of the earliest of the three years covered in the 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such discussion is included in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2022, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
We regularly monitor our liquidity position, including cash and cash equivalents, investments, working capital assets and liabilities, any commitments and other liquidity requirements.
Our assets have been historically comprised of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables arising from advisory and placement engagements and operating lease right-of-use assets. Our liabilities generally include accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable and accrued expenses, taxes payable and operating lease liabilities. We expect to pay a significant amount of incentive compensation toward the end of each year and during the beginning of the next calendar year with respect to the prior year’s results. A portion of annual compensation may be awarded with equity-based compensation and thus requires less cash. We expect levels of cash to decline at the end of the year and during the first quarter of each year after incentive compensation is paid to our employees. We then expect cash to build throughout the remainder of the year.
On February 1, 2021, PJT Partners Holdings LP, as borrower (the “Borrower”), entered into a Renewal and Modification Agreement (the “Renewal Agreement”) and related documents with First Republic Bank, as lender (the “Lender”), amending the terms of the Borrower’s revolving credit facility with the Lender under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated October 1, 2018 (the “Amended and Restated Loan Agreement”). On April 25, 2022, the Renewal Agreement was further amended to extend the maturity date to October 1, 2023. Further information regarding the Renewal Agreement and Amended and Restated Loan Agreement can be found in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Commitments, Line of Credit” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we were in compliance with the debt covenants under the Renewal Agreement and Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, respectively. Additionally, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility.
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We evaluate our cash needs on a regular basis in light of current market conditions. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $223.5 million and $200.5 million, respectively.
Our liquidity is highly dependent upon cash receipts from clients, which are generally dependent upon the successful completion of transactions as well as the timing of receivable collections. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, total accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, were $317.8 million and $289.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the allowance for credit losses was $1.9 million. Included in Accounts Receivable, Net are long-term receivables of $133.3 million and $104.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to placement fees that are generally paid in installments over a period of three to four years.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Our primary cash needs are for working capital, paying operating expenses, including cash compensation to our employees, exchanging of Partnership Units for cash, repurchasing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, paying income taxes, making distributions to our shareholders in accordance with our dividend policy, partnership tax distributions, capital expenditures, making payments pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, commitments and strategic investments. We expect to fund these liquidity requirements through cash flows from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our ability to fund these needs through cash flows from operations will depend, in part, on our ability to generate or raise cash in the future. This depends on our future financial results, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors.
Additionally, our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations will be impacted by global economic conditions. If our cash flows from operations are significantly reduced, we may need to incur debt, issue additional equity or borrow from our revolving credit facility. Although we believe that the arrangement we have in place, and our ability to renew that arrangement, will permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions for the foreseeable future, our access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including: (a) business performance, (b) our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating, (c) the liquidity of the overall capital markets, and (d) the current state of the economy. We cannot provide any assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or that such financing will be available at all. We believe that our future cash from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility, together with our access to funds on hand, will provide adequate resources to fund our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital needs.
Regulatory Capital
We actively monitor our regulatory capital base. We are subject to regulatory requirements in the U.S. and certain international jurisdictions to ensure general financial soundness and liquidity. This requires, among other things, that we comply with certain minimum capital requirements, recordkeeping, reporting procedures, experience and training requirements for employees and certain other requirements and procedures. These regulatory requirements may restrict the flow of funds to and from affiliates. See Note 15. “Regulated Entities” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information. The licenses under which we operate are meant to be appropriate to conduct our business. We believe that we provide each of these entities with sufficient capital and liquidity, consistent with their business and regulatory requirements.
Our activities may also be subject to regulation, including regulatory capital requirements, by various other foreign jurisdictions and self-regulatory organizations.
We do not anticipate that compliance with any and all such requirements will materially adversely impact the availability of funds for domestic and parent-level purposes.
Exchange Agreement
Subject to the terms and conditions of the exchange agreement between us and certain of the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.), Partnership Units are exchangeable at the option of the holder for cash or, at our election, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Depending on our liquidity and capital resources, market conditions, the timing and concentration of exchange requests and other considerations, we may choose to fund exchanges of Partnership Units with available cash, borrowings or new issuances of Class A common stock or to settle exchanges by issuing Class A common stock to the exchanging holder of Partnership Units.
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See Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Exchange Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Share Repurchase Program
On April 25, 2022, the Board authorized a $200 million repurchase program of the Company’s Class A common stock, which is in addition to the previous Board authorizations. As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s remaining repurchase authorization was $173.7 million. Under the repurchase program, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of shares repurchased depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price, and economic and market conditions. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date.
See Note 11. “Stockholders’ Equity—Treasury Stock” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
With respect to our litigation matters, including any litigation discussed under the caption “Legal Proceedings” elsewhere in this report, we are not currently able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support such an assessment, including quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by courts on motions or appeals, analysis by experts or the status of any settlement negotiations. While the ultimate outcome and the costs associated with litigation are inherently uncertain and difficult to predict, we believe, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that we are not currently party to any material pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, the resolution of which would have a material effect on the Company.
Guarantee
The Company provides a guarantee to a lending institution for certain loans held by employees for investment in funds of its former Parent, which are secured by the underlying investments in those funds. The amount guaranteed was $3.3 million and $4.1 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In connection with this guarantee, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
Indemnifications
We have entered and may continue to enter into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification obligations. Our maximum exposure under these arrangements is not known; however, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant. In connection with these matters, we have incurred and may continue to incur legal expenses, which are expensed as incurred.
Contractual Obligations
We have entered into operating leases, primarily with respect to office space in our various locations. Further disclosure regarding our leases is provided in Note 12. “Leases” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
As of December 31, 2022, we had an amount due of $30.3 million pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, which represents management’s best estimate of the amounts currently expected to be owed under the tax receivable agreement. Actual payments may differ significantly from estimated payments. Further disclosure regarding the tax receivable agreement is presented in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Amount Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement” and Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Tax Receivable Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
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Estimating the amount of payments that may be made under the tax receivable agreement entered into with the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.) is by its nature imprecise, insofar as the calculation of amounts payable depends on a variety of factors. While the actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the tax receivable agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that as a result of the size of the transfers and increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of PJT Partners Holdings LP, the payments that PJT Partners Inc. may make under the tax receivable agreement will be substantial. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if, as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, the payments under the tax receivable agreement exceed the actual cash tax savings that PJT Partners Inc. realizes in respect of the tax attributes subject to the tax receivable agreement and/or distributions to PJT Partners Inc. by PJT Partners Holdings LP are not sufficient to permit PJT Partners Inc. to make payments under the tax receivable agreement after it has paid taxes. Late payments under the tax receivable agreement generally will accrue interest at an uncapped rate equal to LIBOR plus 500 basis points.
Pursuant to the employee matters agreement entered into with Blackstone, we have agreed to pay Blackstone the net realized cash benefit resulting from certain compensation-related tax deductions. Amounts are payable annually (for periods in which a cash benefit is realized) within nine months of the end of the relevant tax period. The amount of the tax benefit liability was $3.4 million as of December 31, 2022. Further disclosure regarding this liability is provided in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Transactions and Agreements with Blackstone, Employee Matters Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Other
See Notes 8, 10, 12 and 14 in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information in connection with income taxes, equity-based and other deferred compensation plans, leasing arrangements and commitments, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, which are often subjective. Actual results may be affected negatively based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. We believe the following comprise the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and could potentially produce materially different results if we were to change underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
At contract inception, we assess the services promised in our contracts with customers and identify a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a service (or a bundle of services) that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, we consider all of the services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. Additionally, we allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligation(s) by estimating the amount of consideration in which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services to the customer.
For performance obligations that are satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized.
For performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time, we have determined that the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the output of the service at the time it is provided to the client. Additionally, at that point we have a present right to payment, we have transferred the output of the service and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership.
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Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and Benefits includes salaries, cash bonuses and restricted cash awards, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards to partners and employees. Compensation cost relating to the issuance of equity-based awards with a requisite service period to partners and employees is measured at fair value at the grant date, taking into consideration expected forfeitures, and expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Equity-based awards that do not require future service are expensed immediately. Restricted cash awards are expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.
In certain instances, we may grant equity-based awards containing both a service and a market condition. The effect of the market condition is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized for an award with a market condition over the requisite service period, provided that the requisite service period is completed, irrespective of whether the market condition is satisfied. If the market condition has not been satisfied during the vesting period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost will continue to be recognized over the requisite service period. If a recipient terminates employment before completion of the requisite service period, any compensation cost previously recognized is reversed unless the market condition has been satisfied prior to termination. If the market condition has been satisfied during the vesting period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost is accelerated.
At our discretion, we may provide compensation to certain employees with repayment obligations and/or service provisions. Such payments are recorded in Compensation and Benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We assess the potential risk of forfeiture and likelihood of recouping amounts paid, and if deemed necessary, record a provision for forfeitures in the financial statements.
Recent Accounting Developments
Information regarding recent accounting developments and their impact on PJT Partners can be found in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Developments” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
FY 2021 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001564590-22-007189.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with PJT Partners Inc.’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10‑K.
Our Business
PJT Partners is a premier global advisory-focused investment bank. We offer a unique portfolio of advisory services designed to help our clients achieve their strategic objectives. Our team of senior professionals delivers a range of strategic advisory, capital markets advisory, restructuring and special situations and shareholder advisory services to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the world. We also provide private fund advisory and fundraising services for alternative investment strategies, including private equity, real estate, hedge funds and private credit.
Further information regarding our business is provided in “Part I. Item 1. Business” of this filing.
Business Environment
Economic and global financial conditions, including a global pandemic such as COVID-19, can materially affect our operational and financial performance. See “Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this filing for a discussion of some of the factors that can affect our performance.
M&A is a cyclical business that is impacted by macroeconomic conditions. Worldwide M&A announced volumes during 2021 were up significantly compared with 2020. While the pace of activity may not remain at these levels, we expect corporate boards and management teams to continue to use M&A as a strategic tool.
Global restructuring activity in 2021 slowed from elevated 2020 levels driven by a robust global economic recovery. Exuberant capital markets and refinancing activities fueled by a low interest rate environment resulted in historically low default rates. However, while some companies addressed near-term liquidity issues, many companies continue to deal with the long-term impact of severe business dislocations caused by COVID-19. These companies will need to address their long-term capital structures as financing markets become more difficult, supply chain disruptions continue and inflationary pressures cause fundamental business challenges. Therefore, we continue to believe that the medium- to long-term demand for such advisory services will improve.
While many limited partners are actively allocating capital, investors remain focused on existing relationships with fund managers. As a result, the bar for fund managers to attract new investors remains high as investors continue to demand highly successful and tenured firms and a flight to quality persists. Managers are continuing to deploy capital at a very rapid pace resulting in many returning to the market for their next fundraise in extremely short periods of time with much larger fund sizes. As it relates to secondary activity, the number of high quality sponsors accessing the secondary market through continuation vehicles continues to increase.
Key Financial Measures
Revenues
Substantially all of our revenues are derived from contracts with clients to provide advisory and placement services. This revenue is primarily a function of the number of active engagements we have, the size of each of those engagements and the fees we charge for our services.
We provide a range of strategic advisory, capital markets advisory, restructuring and special situations and shareholder advisory services to corporations, financial sponsors, institutional investors and governments around the world. In conjunction with providing restructuring advice, we may also assist with raising various forms of financing, including debt and equity. Our secondary advisory services include providing solutions to investing clients seeking portfolio liquidity, unfunded commitment relief and investments in secondary markets. Our fund placement services primarily serve alternative investment strategies, including private equity, real estate, hedge funds and private credit. We advise on all aspects of the fundraising process including competitive positioning and market assessment, marketing materials and related documentation and partnership terms and conditions most prevalent in the current environment. We also provide public and private placement fundraising services to our corporate clients and recognize placement and underwriting fees based on the successful completion of the transaction.
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The amount and timing of the fees paid vary by the type of engagement and are typically based on retainers, completion of a transaction or a capital raise. Fees earned for services provided to alternative asset managers are typically recognized upon acceptance by a fund of capital or capital commitments (referred to as a “closing”), in accordance with terms set forth in individual agreements. For commitment based fees, revenue is recognized over time as commitments are accepted. Fees for such closed-end fund arrangements are generally paid in installments over three or four years and interest is charged to the outstanding balance at an agreed upon rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate or an alternate reference rate, plus a market-based margin. For funds with multiple closings, the constraint on variable consideration is lifted upon each closing. For open-end fund structures, placement fees are typically calculated as a percentage of a placed investor’s month-end net asset value. Typically, we earn fees for such open-end fund structures over a 48 month period. For these arrangements, revenue is recognized over time as the constraint over variable consideration is lifted. We may receive non-refundable up-front fees in our contracts with customers, which are recorded as revenues in the period over which services are estimated to be provided.
A transaction can fail to be completed for many reasons, including global and/or regional economic conditions, failure of parties to agree upon final terms, to secure necessary board or shareholder approvals, to secure necessary financing or to achieve necessary regulatory approvals. In the case of bankruptcy engagements, fees are subject to approval of the court.
Interest Income and Other – Interest Income and Other represents interest typically earned on Cash and Cash Equivalents, investments in Treasury securities and outstanding placement fees receivable; miscellaneous income; foreign exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars; sublease income; and the amount of expense reimbursement invoiced to clients related to out-of-pocket expenses. Interest on placement fees receivable is earned from the time revenue is recognized and is calculated as mutually agreed upon with the receivable counterparty. Interest receivable is included in Accounts Receivable, Net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Expenses
Compensation and Benefits – Compensation and Benefits expense includes salaries, cash bonuses, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards to partners and employees. Changes in this expense are driven by fluctuations in the number of employees, business performance, compensation adjustments in relation to market movements, changes in rates for employer taxes and other cost increases affecting benefit plans. In addition, this expense is affected by the composition of our work force. The expense associated with our bonus and equity plans can also have a significant impact on this expense category and may vary from year to year.
We maintain compensation programs, including salaries, annual incentive compensation (that may include components of cash, restricted cash and/or equity-based awards) and benefits programs. We manage compensation to estimates of competitive levels based on market conditions and performance. Our level of compensation reflects our plan to maintain competitive compensation levels to retain key personnel and it reflects the impact of newly-hired senior professionals, including related grants of equity awards that are generally valued at their grant date fair value.
Increasing the number of high-caliber, experienced senior level employees is critical to our growth efforts. In our advisory businesses, these hires generally do not begin to generate significant revenue in the year they are hired.
Our remaining expenses are the other costs typical to operating our business, which generally consist of:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Occupancy and Related – consisting primarily of costs related to leased property, including rent, maintenance, real estate taxes, utilities and other related costs. Our company headquarters are located in New York, New York, and we maintain additional offices in the U.S. and throughout the world; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Travel and Related – consisting of costs for our partners and employees to render services where our clients are located; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Professional Fees – consisting primarily of consulting, audit and tax, recruiting and legal and other professional services; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Communications and Information Services – consisting primarily of costs for our technology infrastructure and telecommunications costs; |
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| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Depreciation and Amortization – consisting of depreciation and amortization on our furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements and intangible assets; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| • | Other Expenses – consisting primarily of provision for credit losses, regulatory fees, insurance, fees paid for access to external market data, advertising and other general operating expenses. |
Income Taxes – PJT Partners Inc. is a corporation subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes in jurisdictions where it does business. Our businesses generally operate as partnerships for U.S. federal and state purposes and as corporate entities in non-U.S. jurisdictions. In the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions, taxes related to income earned by these entities generally represent obligations of the individual members and partners.
The operating entities have generally been subject to New York City Unincorporated Business Tax and to entity-level income taxes imposed by non-U.S. jurisdictions, as applicable. These taxes have been reflected in our consolidated financial statements.
PJT Partners Inc. is subject to U.S. corporate federal, state and local income tax on its allocable share of results of operations from the operating partnership (PJT Partners Holdings LP).
Non-Controlling Interests
PJT Partners Inc. is a holding company and its only material asset is its controlling equity interest in PJT Partners Holdings LP, and certain cash and cash equivalents it may hold from time to time. As the sole general partner of PJT Partners Holdings LP, PJT Partners Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs and consolidates the financial results of PJT Partners Holdings LP and its operating subsidiaries.
The portion of net income attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
| Year Ended December 31, | 2021 vs. 2020 | 2020 vs. 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in Thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory Fees | $ | 762,723 | $ | 872,286 | $ | 571,771 | $ | (109,563 | ) | (13 | %) | $ | 300,515 | 53 | % | |||||||||||||
| Placement Fees | 216,692 | 162,237 | 133,180 | 54,455 | 34 | % | 29,057 | 22 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Income and Other | 12,530 | 17,777 | 12,688 | (5,247 | ) | (30 | %) | 5,089 | 40 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | 991,945 | 1,052,300 | 717,639 | (60,355 | ) | (6 | %) | 334,661 | 47 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and Benefits | 640,040 | 683,393 | 502,165 | (43,353 | ) | (6 | %) | 181,228 | 36 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Occupancy and Related | 34,686 | 34,282 | 31,547 | 404 | 1 | % | 2,735 | 9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Travel and Related | 9,073 | 7,345 | 25,700 | 1,728 | 24 | % | (18,355 | ) | (71 | %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Professional Fees | 27,209 | 23,014 | 21,779 | 4,195 | 18 | % | 1,235 | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Communications and Information Services | 18,060 | 14,669 | 13,380 | 3,391 | 23 | % | 1,289 | 10 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and Amortization | 15,750 | 15,055 | 14,496 | 695 | 5 | % | 559 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other Expenses | 27,678 | 26,581 | 26,382 | 1,097 | 4 | % | 199 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Expenses | 772,496 | 804,339 | 635,449 | (31,843 | ) | (4 | %) | 168,890 | 27 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income Before Provision for Taxes | 219,449 | 247,961 | 82,190 | (28,512 | ) | (11 | %) | 165,771 | 202 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for Taxes | 29,494 | 35,535 | 18,403 | (6,041 | ) | (17 | %) | 17,132 | 93 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income | 189,955 | 212,426 | 63,787 | (22,471 | ) | (11 | %) | 148,639 | 233 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests | 83,787 | 94,877 | 34,225 | (11,090 | ) | (12 | %) | 60,652 | 177 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net Income Attributable to PJT Partners Inc. | $ | 106,168 | $ | 117,549 | $ | 29,562 | $ | (11,381 | ) | (10 | %) | $ | 87,987 | 298 | % |
Revenues
The following table provides revenue statistics for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Total Number of Clients | 399 | 374 | 359 | ||||||||
| Total Number of Fees of at Least $1 Million from Client Transactions | 159 | 173 | 142 |
There were no clients representing greater than 10% of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.
Total Revenues were $991.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared with $1,052.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, a 6% decrease. Advisory Fees were $762.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $109.6 million compared with $872.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. A significant decrease in restructuring revenues from the prior year’s record levels was mostly offset by record-setting strategic advisory performance in 2021. Placement Fees were $216.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, an increase of $54.5 million compared with $162.2 million for the year ended December 31,
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2020. The increase in Placement Fees was driven by a significant increase in corporate placements as well as increased fund placement activity.
Expenses
Expenses were $772.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, a decrease of $31.8 million compared with $804.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The change in expenses was primarily driven by a decrease of $43.4 million in Compensation and Benefits and partially offset by increases in Professional Fees, Communications and Information Services and Travel and Related of $4.2 million, $3.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The decrease in Compensation and Benefits reflects a lower compensation accrual rate in 2021 compared with 2020. Professional Fees increased primarily due to higher senior advisor and recruiting expenses. The increase in Communications and Information Services was primarily driven by investments in technology infrastructure. Travel and Related increased during the current year due to increased levels of activity compared with the prior year, although such activity remains below pre-COVID levels.
Provision for Taxes
The Company’s Provision for Taxes for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $29.5 million compared with $35.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 13.4% and 14.3%, respectively, based on our Income Before Provision for Taxes of $219.4 million and $248.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 from the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily driven by a decrease in permanent differences related to equity-based compensation.
Non-Controlling Interests
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests is derived from the Income Before Provision for Taxes and the percentage allocation of the income between the holders of Partnership Units and holders of Class A common stock of PJT Partners Inc. after considering any contractual arrangements that govern the allocation of income.
We have omitted the discussion of the earliest of the three years covered in the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such discussion is included in “Part II. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 2021, and is incorporated herein by reference.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
We regularly monitor our liquidity position, including cash and cash equivalents, investments, working capital assets and liabilities, any commitments and other liquidity requirements.
Our assets have been historically comprised of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables arising from advisory and placement engagements and operating lease right-of-use assets. Our liabilities primarily include accrued compensation and benefits, accounts payable and accrued expenses, taxes payable and operating lease liabilities. We expect to pay a significant amount of incentive compensation toward the end of each year or during the beginning of the next calendar year with respect to the prior year’s results. A portion of annual compensation may be awarded with equity-based compensation and thus requires less cash. We expect levels of cash to decline at the end of the year or during the first quarter of each year after incentive compensation is paid to our employees. We then expect cash to gradually build throughout the remainder of the year.
On February 1, 2021, PJT Partners Holdings LP, as borrower (the “Borrower”), entered into a Renewal and Modification Agreement (the “Renewal Agreement”) and related documents with First Republic Bank, as lender (the “Lender”), amending the terms of the Borrower’s revolving credit facility with the Lender under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated October 1, 2018 (the “Amended and Restated Loan Agreement”). Further information regarding the Renewal Agreement and Amended and Restated Loan Agreement can be found in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Commitments, Line of Credit” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
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As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we were in compliance with the debt covenants under the Renewal Agreement and Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, respectively. Additionally, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no borrowings outstanding under the revolving credit facility.
We evaluate our cash needs on a regular basis in light of current market conditions. As of December 31, 2021, we had cash, cash equivalents and investments of $200.5 million after paying a special dividend in October 2021 of $3.00 per share to Class A common stockholders for an aggregate payment of $73.0 million. As of December 31, 2020, we had cash, cash equivalents and investments of $437.4 million.
Our liquidity is highly dependent upon cash receipts from clients, which are generally dependent upon the successful completion of transactions as well as the timing of receivable collections. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, total accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, were $289.3 million and $233.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the allowance for credit losses was $1.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Included in Accounts Receivable, Net are long-term receivables of $104.6 million and $83.5 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to placement fees that are generally paid in installments over a period of three to four years.
Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Our primary cash needs are for working capital, paying operating expenses, including cash compensation to our employees, funding the cash redemption of Partnership Units, repurchasing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, paying income taxes, making distributions to our shareholders in accordance with our dividend policy, capital expenditures, making payments pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, commitments and strategic investments. We expect to fund these liquidity requirements through cash flows from operations and borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Our ability to fund these needs through cash flows from operations will depend, in part, on our ability to generate or raise cash in the future. This depends on our future financial results, which are subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors.
Additionally, our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations will be impacted by global economic conditions. If our cash flows from operations are significantly reduced, we may need to incur debt, issue additional equity or borrow from our revolving credit facility. Although we believe that the arrangements we have in place will permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions for the foreseeable future, our access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future will be impacted by many factors, including: (a) our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating, (b) the liquidity of the overall capital markets, and (c) the current state of the economy. We cannot provide any assurance that such financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or that such financing will be available at all. We believe that our future cash from operations and availability under our revolving credit facility, together with our access to funds on hand, will provide adequate resources to fund our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital needs.
Regulatory Capital
We actively monitor our regulatory capital base. We are subject to regulatory requirements in the U.S. and certain international jurisdictions to ensure general financial soundness and liquidity. This requires, among other things, that we comply with certain minimum capital requirements, recordkeeping, reporting procedures, experience and training requirements for employees and certain other requirements and procedures. These regulatory requirements may restrict the flow of funds to and from affiliates. See Note 15. “Regulated Entities” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information. The licenses under which we operate are meant to be appropriate to conduct our business. We believe that we provide each of these entities with sufficient capital and liquidity, consistent with their business and regulatory requirements.
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Our activities may also be subject to regulation, including regulatory capital requirements, by various other foreign jurisdictions and self-regulatory organizations.
We do not anticipate that compliance with any and all such requirements will materially adversely impact the availability of funds for domestic and parent-level purposes.
Exchange Agreement
Subject to the terms and conditions of the exchange agreement between us and certain of the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.), Partnership Units are exchangeable at the option of the holder for cash or, at our election, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Depending on our liquidity and capital resources, market conditions, the timing and concentration of exchange requests and other considerations, we may choose to fund exchanges of Partnership Units with available cash, borrowings or new issuances of Class A common stock or to settle exchanges by issuing Class A common stock to the exchanging Partnership Unitholder.
See Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Exchange Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Share Repurchase Program
On February 1, 2021, our Board authorized a $150 million increase to the Company’s Class A common stock repurchase program, which is in addition to the previous authorizations, of which $83.1 million was remaining as of December 31, 2021. Under the repurchase program, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing and the actual number of shares repurchased depend on a variety of factors, including legal requirements, price and economic and market conditions. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time and does not have a specified expiration date.
See Note 11. “Stockholders’ Equity—Treasury Stock” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information.
Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
With respect to our litigation matters, including the litigation discussed under the caption “Legal Proceedings” elsewhere in this report, we are not currently able to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support such an assessment, including quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by courts on motions or appeals, analysis by experts or the status of any settlement negotiations. While the ultimate outcome and the costs associated with litigation are inherently uncertain and difficult to predict, we believe, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that we are not currently party to any material pending proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, the resolution of which would have a material effect on the Company.
Guarantee
We provide a guarantee to a lending institution for certain loans held by employees for investment in funds of our former Parent, which are secured by the underlying investments in those funds. The amount guaranteed was $4.1 million and $6.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In connection with this guarantee, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant.
Indemnifications
We have entered and may continue to enter into contracts that contain a variety of indemnification obligations. Our maximum exposure under these arrangements is not known; however, we currently expect any associated risk of loss to be insignificant. In connection with these matters, we have incurred and may continue to incur legal expenses, which are expensed as incurred.
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Contractual Obligations
We have entered into operating leases, primarily with respect to office space in our various locations. Further disclosure regarding our leases is provided in Note 12. “Leases” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
As of December 31, 2021, we had an amount due of $31.1 million pursuant to the tax receivable agreement, which represents management’s best estimate of the amounts currently expected to be owed under the tax receivable agreement. Actual payments may differ significantly from estimated payments. Further disclosure regarding the tax receivable agreement is presented in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Amount Due Pursuant to Tax Receivable Agreement” and Note 13. “Transactions with Related Parties—Tax Receivable Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Estimating the amount of payments that may be made under the tax receivable agreement entered into with the holders of Partnership Units (other than PJT Partners Inc.) is by its nature imprecise, insofar as the calculation of amounts payable depends on a variety of factors. While the actual increase in tax basis, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the tax receivable agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of the exchange, the extent to which such exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our income, we expect that as a result of the size of the transfers and increases in the tax basis of the tangible and intangible assets of PJT Partners Holdings LP, the payments that PJT Partners Inc. may make under the tax receivable agreement will be substantial. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if, as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, the payments under the tax receivable agreement exceed the actual cash tax savings that PJT Partners Inc. realizes in respect of the tax attributes subject to the tax receivable agreement and/or distributions to PJT Partners Inc. by PJT Partners Holdings LP are not sufficient to permit PJT Partners Inc. to make payments under the tax receivable agreement after it has paid taxes. Late payments under the tax receivable agreement generally will accrue interest at an uncapped rate equal to LIBOR plus 500 basis points. The payments under the tax receivable agreement are not conditioned upon continued ownership of us by holders of Partnership Units.
Pursuant to the employee matters agreement entered into with Blackstone, we have agreed to pay Blackstone the net realized cash benefit resulting from certain compensation-related tax deductions. Amounts are payable annually (for periods in which a cash benefit is realized) within nine months of the end of the relevant tax period. The amount of the tax benefit liability was $2.6 million as of December 31, 2021. Further disclosure regarding this liability is provided in Note 14. “Commitments and Contingencies—Transactions and Agreements with Blackstone, Employee Matters Agreement” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.
Other
See Notes 8, 10, 12 and 14 in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing for further information in connection with income taxes, equity-based and other deferred compensation plans, leasing arrangements and commitments, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In applying many of these accounting principles, we need to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, which are often subjective. Actual results may be affected negatively based on changing circumstances. If actual amounts are ultimately different from our estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known. We believe the following comprise the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and could potentially produce materially different results if we were to change underlying assumptions, estimates and/or judgments.
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Revenue from Contracts with Customers
At contract inception, we assess the services promised in our contracts with customers and identify a performance obligation for each promise to transfer to the customer a service (or a bundle of services) that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, we consider all of the services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. Additionally, we allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligation(s) by estimating the amount of consideration in which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services to the customer.
For performance obligations that are satisfied over time, determining a measure of progress requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognized.
For performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time, we have determined that the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the output of the service at the time it is provided to the client. Additionally, at that point we have a present right to payment, we have transferred the output of the service and the customer has significant risks and rewards of ownership.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and Benefits includes salaries, cash bonuses, benefits, employer taxes and equity-based compensation associated with the grants of equity-based awards to partners and employees. Compensation cost relating to the issuance of equity-based awards with a requisite service period to partners and employees is measured at fair value at the grant date, taking into consideration expected forfeitures, and expensed over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Equity-based awards that do not require future service are expensed immediately.
In certain instances, we may grant equity-based awards containing both a service and a market condition. The effect of the market condition is reflected in the grant date fair value of the award. Compensation cost is recognized for an award with a market condition over the requisite service period, provided that the requisite service period is completed, irrespective of whether the market condition is satisfied. If a recipient terminates employment before completion of the requisite service period, any compensation cost previously recognized is reversed unless the market condition has been satisfied prior to termination. If the market condition has been satisfied during the vesting period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost is accelerated. If the market condition has not been satisfied during the vesting period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost will continue to be recognized over the requisite service period.
At our discretion, we may provide compensation to certain employees with repayment obligations and/or service provisions. Such payments are recorded in Compensation and Benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We assess the potential risk of forfeiture and likelihood of recouping amounts paid, and if deemed necessary, record a provision for forfeitures in the financial statements.
Recent Accounting Developments
Information regarding recent accounting developments and their impact on PJT Partners can be found in Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recent Accounting Developments” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in “—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this filing.