OneMain Holdings, Inc. (OMF)
SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > SIC Major Group 61 > SIC 6141 Personal Credit Institutions
SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1584207. Latest filing source: 0001584207-26-000008.
Informational only - descriptive public-record data, not investment advice.
Business
Read OMF's verbatim Item 1 Business section from its latest 10-K: Business.
Risk Factors
Read OMF's verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from its latest 10-K: Risk Factors.
Selected Fundamentals
| Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 5,455,000,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-06 |
| Net income | 783,000,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-06 |
| Assets | 27,388,000,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-06 |
Financials
Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-06. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001584207.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 3,110,000,000 | 3,196,000,000 | 3,658,000,000 | 4,127,000,000 | 4,368,000,000 | 4,364,000,000 | 4,435,000,000 | 4,564,000,000 | 4,993,000,000 | 5,455,000,000 |
| Net income | 215,000,000 | 183,000,000 | 447,000,000 | 855,000,000 | 730,000,000 | 1,314,000,000 | 872,000,000 | 641,000,000 | 509,000,000 | 783,000,000 |
| Diluted EPS | 1.59 | 1.35 | 3.29 | 6.27 | 5.41 | 9.88 | 7.01 | 5.32 | 4.24 | 6.56 |
| Operating cash flow | 1,322,000,000 | 1,555,000,000 | 2,046,000,000 | 2,362,000,000 | 2,212,000,000 | 2,247,000,000 | 2,387,000,000 | 2,519,000,000 | 2,699,000,000 | 3,132,000,000 |
| Dividends paid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 408,000,000 | 806,000,000 | 1,274,000,000 | 480,000,000 | 487,000,000 | 498,000,000 | 499,000,000 | |
| Share buybacks | 0.00 | 0.00 | 45,000,000 | 368,000,000 | 303,000,000 | 65,000,000 | 35,000,000 | 141,000,000 | ||
| Assets | 18,123,000,000 | 19,433,000,000 | 20,090,000,000 | 22,817,000,000 | 22,471,000,000 | 22,095,000,000 | 22,537,000,000 | 24,294,000,000 | 25,910,000,000 | 27,388,000,000 |
| Liabilities | 15,057,000,000 | 16,155,000,000 | 16,291,000,000 | 18,487,000,000 | 19,030,000,000 | 18,986,000,000 | 19,522,000,000 | 21,108,000,000 | 22,719,000,000 | 23,987,000,000 |
| Stockholders' equity | 3,066,000,000 | 3,278,000,000 | 3,799,000,000 | 4,330,000,000 | 3,441,000,000 | 3,037,000,000 | 3,015,000,000 | 3,186,000,000 | 3,191,000,000 | 3,401,000,000 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 579,000,000 | 987,000,000 | 679,000,000 | 1,227,000,000 | 2,272,000,000 | 541,000,000 | 498,000,000 | 1,014,000,000 | 458,000,000 | 914,000,000 |
Ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net margin | 6.91% | 5.73% | 12.22% | 20.72% | 16.71% | 30.11% | 19.66% | 14.04% | 10.19% | 14.35% |
| Return on equity | 7.01% | 5.58% | 11.77% | 19.75% | 21.21% | 43.27% | 28.92% | 20.12% | 15.95% | 23.02% |
| Return on assets | 1.19% | 0.94% | 2.22% | 3.75% | 3.25% | 5.95% | 3.87% | 2.64% | 1.96% | 2.86% |
| Liabilities / equity | 4.91 | 4.93 | 4.29 | 4.27 | 5.53 | 6.25 | 6.47 | 6.63 | 7.12 | 7.05 |
Industry Peer Context
Net margin peer context
ROE peer context
ROA peer context
Financial Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: PaymentsOfDividends. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividends.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: Assets. Source concepts: us-gaap:Assets.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: Liabilities. Source concepts: us-gaap:Liabilities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: StockholdersEquity. Source concepts: us-gaap:StockholdersEquity.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001584207-26-000008; filed 2026-02-06. Concept: CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue. Source concepts: us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue.
Quarterly
Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-01. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001584207.json.
| Quarter | End Date | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-Q2 | 2022-06-30 | 1.68 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 | 1.52 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 | 1.48 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | 1,117,000,000 | 103,000,000 | 0.85 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 1,167,000,000 | 194,000,000 | 1.61 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 1,187,000,000 | 165,000,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 1,173,000,000 | 155,000,000 | 1.29 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 1,219,000,000 | 71,000,000 | 0.59 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 1,282,000,000 | 157,000,000 | 1.31 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 1,320,000,000 | 126,000,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 1,308,000,000 | 213,000,000 | 1.78 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 1,339,000,000 | 167,000,000 | 1.40 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 1,392,000,000 | 199,000,000 | 1.67 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 1,416,000,000 | 204,000,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 1,387,000,000 | 226,000,000 | 1.93 | reported discrete quarter |
Quarterly Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001584207-26-000020; filed 2026-05-01. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001584207-26-000020; filed 2026-05-01. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001584207-26-000020; filed 2026-05-01. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.
Macro Cross-References
- CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
- UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
- FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
- CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
- DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
- DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
- DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
- DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
- T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
- CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
- CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
- CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
- CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
- PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
- PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
- PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
- T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
- U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
- PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
- CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
- EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
- UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
- CE16OV - Employment Level
- ICSA - Initial Claims
- JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
- JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
- GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
- A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
- INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
- TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
- HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
- PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
- RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
- PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
- PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
- M2SL - M2
- BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
- MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
- HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
- RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
- TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
- RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
- TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
- GDP - Gross Domestic Product
- GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
- GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
- PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
- GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
- GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
- FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
- FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
- FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
- MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
- USCONS - All Employees, Construction
- USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
- USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
- USGOVT - All Employees, Government
- AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
- DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
- NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
- BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
- EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
- IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
- IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
- PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand
Latest quarter (10-Q)
Latest 10-Q source: 0001584207-26-000031.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
An index to our management’s discussion and analysis follows:
| Topic | Page | |
|---|---|---|
| Forward-Looking Statements | 45 | |
| Overview | 46 | |
| Recent Developments and Outlook | 47 | |
| Results of Operations | 48 | |
| Segment Results | 52 | |
| Credit Quality | 55 | |
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 58 | |
| Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 63 | |
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 63 | |
| Seasonality | 63 |
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Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, but instead represent only management’s current beliefs regarding future events. By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other important factors that may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they were made. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or the non-occurrence of anticipated events, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as required by law. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning future plans, objectives, goals, projections, strategies, events, or performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements related thereto. Statements preceded by, followed by or that otherwise include the words “anticipates,” “appears,” “assumes,” “believes,” “can,” “continues,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “foresees,” “goals,” “intends,” “likely,” “objective,” “plans,” “projects,” “target,” “trend,” “remains,” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “could,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “will,” or “would” are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but these words are not the exclusive means of identifying forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the following:
•adverse changes and volatility in general economic conditions, including the interest rate environment and the financial markets;
•the sufficiency of our allowance for finance receivable losses;
•increased levels of unemployment and personal bankruptcies;
•the current inflationary environment and related trends affecting our customers;
•natural or accidental events such as earthquakes, hurricanes, pandemics, floods, or wildfires affecting our customers, collateral, or our facilities;
•a failure in or breach of our information, operational or security systems, or infrastructure or those of third parties, including as a result of cyber incidents, war, or other disruptions;
•the adequacy of our credit risk scoring models;
•geopolitical risks, including recent geopolitical actions;
•adverse changes in our ability to attract and retain employees or key executives;
•increased competition or adverse changes in customer responsiveness to our distribution channels or products;
•changes in federal, state, or local laws, regulations, or regulatory policies and practices or increased regulatory scrutiny of our business or industry;
•risks associated with our insurance operations;
•the costs and effects of any actual or alleged violations of any federal, state, or local laws, rules or regulations;
•the costs and effects of any fines, penalties, judgments, decrees, orders, inquiries, investigations, subpoenas, or enforcement or other proceedings of any governmental or quasi-governmental agency or authority;
•our substantial indebtedness and our continued ability to access the capital markets and maintain adequate current sources of funds to satisfy our cash flow requirements;
•our ability to comply with all of our covenants; and
•the effects of any downgrade of our debt ratings by credit rating agencies.
We also direct readers to the other risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I - Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report and in other documents we file with the SEC.
If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from what we may have expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should specifically consider the factors identified in this report and in the documents we file with the SEC that could cause actual results to differ before making an investment decision to purchase our securities and should not place undue reliance on any of our forward-looking statements. Furthermore, new risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us.
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Overview
We offer consumer loans, which consist of personal loans and auto finance, credit cards, and other products to help customers meet everyday needs and take steps to improve their financial well-being. We service the loans that we retain on our balance sheet, as well as loans owned by third parties. Additionally, our insurance subsidiaries offer optional credit and non-credit insurance and other optional products. We also offer credit cards under our BrightWay brand which are designed to offer a highly digital customer experience while also rewarding customers for responsible credit activity. Our resources allow us to operate in 48 states and provide a seamless experience through our customers’ preferred channels, including in person, online or over the phone, using our digital platforms, distribution partnerships, or working with our expert team members at more than 1,300 locations.
OUR PRODUCTS
Our product offerings include:
•Personal Loans — We offer personal loans through our branch network, central operations, direct mail, digital affiliates, and our website, www.onemainfinancial.com, to customers who need timely access to cash. Our personal loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, have fixed terms generally between three and six years, and are secured by automobiles, other collateral, or are unsecured. At June 30, 2026, we had approximately 2.4 million personal loans totaling $21.3 billion of net finance receivables, of which 56% were secured by titled property, compared to approximately 2.4 million personal loans totaling $21.4 billion of net finance receivables, of which 53% were secured by titled property at December 31, 2025. We also service personal loans for our whole loan sale partners.
•Auto Finance — We offer secured auto financing originated at the point of purchase through a growing network of franchise and independent dealerships. The loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, and have fixed terms generally between three and six years. At June 30, 2026, we had approximately 157 thousand auto finance loans totaling $2.7 billion of net finance receivables, compared to approximately 148 thousand auto finance loans totaling $2.5 billion of net finance receivables at December 31, 2025. We also service auto finance loans for our whole loan sale partners and loans originated by third parties.
•Credit Cards — BrightWay credit cards are originated through a third-party bank partner from which we purchase the receivable balances. The credit cards are offered across our branch network, as well as through direct mail, our digital affiliates, and our website. Credit cards are open-ended, revolving, with a fixed rate, and are unsecured. At June 30, 2026, we had approximately 1.3 million open credit card customer accounts, totaling $1.1 billion of net finance receivables, compared to approximately 1.1 million open credit card customer accounts, totaling $936 million of net finance receivables at December 31, 2025.
•Optional Products — We offer our customers optional credit insurance products (life, disability, and involuntary unemployment insurance) and optional non-credit insurance products through both our branch network and our central operations. Credit insurance and non-credit insurance products are provided by our affiliated insurance companies. We offer Guaranteed Asset Protection (“GAP”) coverage as a waiver product or insurance. We also offer optional membership plans from an unaffiliated company.
OUR SEGMENT
At June 30, 2026, Consumer and Insurance (“C&I”) is our only reportable segment, which includes consumer loans, credit cards, and optional products. At June 30, 2026, we had $26.9 billion of managed receivables due from approximately 4.0 million customer accounts, compared to $26.3 billion of managed receivables due from approximately 3.8 million customer accounts at December 31, 2025.
The remaining components (which we refer to as “Other”) consist of our liquidating SpringCastle Portfolio servicing activity and our non-originating legacy operations, which primarily include our liquidating real estate loans held for sale and reported in Other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 13 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our segment.
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Recent Developments and Outlook
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Issuances and Redemptions of Unsecured Debt
On January 15, 2026, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $436 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete the redemption of its 7.125% Senior Notes due 2026.
For information about the issuances and redemptions of our unsecured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Securitization Transactions Completed - ODART 2026-1 and OMFIT 2026-1
For information regarding the issuances of our secured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Cash Dividends to OMH’s Common Stockholders
For information regarding the quarterly dividends declared by OMH, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
OUTLOOK
We actively monitor the current macroeconomic environment and remain prepared for any developments that may impact our business. Our financial condition and results of operations could be affected by macroeconomic conditions, including changes in unemployment, inflation, interest rates, consumer confidence, and geopolitical actions. We incorporate updates to our macroeconomic assumptions, as necessary, which could lead to adjustments in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Our experienced management team remains focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet with a long liquidity runway and adequate capital while maintaining a conservative and disciplined underwriting model. We believe we are well positioned to serve our customers and execute on our strategic priorities, including:
•striving to be the lender of choice for nonprime consumers and improve their financial well-being;
•continuing to expand our product offerings and grow our receivables;
•maintaining a rigorous focus on maximizing returns while minimizing credit risk;
•leveraging our scale and cost discipline across the Company to deliver improved
[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]
Latest 10-K MD&A
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of OMH's financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risk, uncertainties, and assumptions. See “Forward-Looking Statements” included in this report for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” included in this report.
An index to our management’s discussion and analysis follows:
| Topic | Page | |
|---|---|---|
| Overview | 37 | |
| Recent Developments and Outlook | 39 | |
| Results of Operations | 41 | |
| Segment Results | 45 | |
| Credit Quality | 48 | |
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 51 | |
| Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 58 | |
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 58 | |
| Seasonality | 59 |
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Table of Contents
Overview
We offer consumer loans, which consist of personal loans and auto finance, credit cards, and other products to help customers meet everyday needs and take steps to improve their financial well-being. We service the loans that we retain on our balance sheet, as well as loans owned by third parties. Additionally, our insurance subsidiaries offer optional credit and non-credit insurance and other optional products. We also offer credit cards under our BrightWay brand which are designed to offer a highly digital customer experience while also rewarding customers for responsible credit activity. Our resources allow us to operate in 48 states and provide a seamless experience through our customers’ preferred channels, including in person, online or over the phone, using our digital platforms, distribution partnerships, or working with our expert team members at more than 1,300 locations.
OUR PRODUCTS
Our product offerings include:
•Personal Loans — We offer personal loans through our branch network, central operations, direct mail, digital affiliates, and our website, www.onemainfinancial.com, to customers who need timely access to cash. Our personal loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, have fixed terms generally between three and six years, and are secured by automobiles, other titled collateral, or are unsecured. At December 31, 2025, we had approximately 2.4 million personal loans totaling $21.4 billion of net finance receivables, of which 53% were secured by titled property, compared to approximately 2.4 million personal loans totaling $20.8 billion of net finance receivables, of which 50% were secured by titled property at December 31, 2024. We also service personal loans for our whole loan sale partners.
•Auto Finance — We offer secured auto financing originated at the point of purchase through a growing network of franchise and independent dealerships. The loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, and have fixed terms generally between three and six years. At December 31, 2025, we had approximately 148 thousand auto finance loans totaling $2.5 billion of net finance receivables, compared to approximately 127 thousand auto finance loans totaling $2.1 billion of net finance receivables at December 31, 2024. We also service auto finance loans for our whole loan sale partners and loans originated by third parties.
•Credit Cards — BrightWay credit cards are originated through a third-party bank partner from which we purchase the receivable balances. The credit cards are offered across our branch network, as well as through direct mail, our digital affiliates, and our website. Credit cards are open-ended, revolving, with a fixed rate, and are unsecured. At December 31, 2025, we had approximately 1.1 million open credit card customer accounts, totaling $936 million of net finance receivables, compared to approximately 783 thousand open credit card customer accounts, totaling $643 million of net finance receivables at December 31, 2024.
•Optional Products — We offer our customers optional credit insurance products (life, disability, and involuntary unemployment insurance) and optional non-credit insurance products through both our branch network and our central operations. Credit insurance and non-credit insurance products are provided by our affiliated insurance companies. We offer Guaranteed Asset Protection (“GAP”) coverage as a waiver product or insurance. We also offer optional membership plans from an unaffiliated company.
OUR SEGMENT
At December 31, 2025, Consumer and Insurance (“C&I”) is our only reportable segment, which includes consumer loans, credit cards, and optional products. At December 31, 2025, we had $26.3 billion of managed receivables due from approximately 3.8 million customer accounts, compared to $24.7 billion of managed receivables due from approximately 3.4 million customer accounts at December 31, 2024.
The remaining components (which we refer to as “Other”) consist of our liquidating SpringCastle Portfolio servicing activity and our non-originating legacy operations, which primarily include our liquidating real estate loans held for sale and reported in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II - Item 8 in this report for more information about our segment.
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HOW WE ASSESS OUR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
We closely monitor the primary drivers of pretax operating income, which consist of the following:
Interest Income
We track interest income, including certain fees earned on our finance receivables, and continually monitor the components that impact our yield. We include any late charges on loans that we have collected from customer payments in interest income.
Interest Expense
We track the interest expense incurred on our debt to monitor the components of our cost of funds. We expect interest expense to fluctuate based on changes in the secured versus unsecured mix of our debt, time to maturity, interest rates, and utilization of revolving conduit facilities, credit card revolving variable funding note (“VFN”) facilities, and the unsecured corporate revolver.
Net Credit Losses
We define net credit losses as gross charge-offs minus recoveries in the portfolio. Additionally, because delinquencies are an early indicator of future net credit losses, we analyze delinquency trends and consider seasonality, to determine whether our loans are performing in line with our original estimates. We also monitor recovery rates because of their contribution to the reduction in the severity of our charge-offs.
Operating Expenses
We assess our operational efficiency using various metrics and conduct extensive analysis to determine whether fluctuations in cost and expense levels indicate operational trends that need to be addressed. Our operating expense analysis also includes a review of origination and servicing costs to assist us in managing overall profitability.
Finance Receivables Originations and Purchase Volume
Because volume and portfolio size determine the magnitude of the impact of each of the above factors on our earnings, we also closely monitor originations, purchase volume, and annual percentage rate.
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Recent Developments and Outlook
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Issuances and Redemptions of Unsecured Debt
On March 13, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $600 million aggregate principal amount of 6.750% Senior Notes due 2032.
On June 11, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $800 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% Senior Notes due 2032.
On June 27, 2025, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $822 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete a partial redemption of its 7.125% Senior Notes due 2026.
On August 12, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Notes due 2030.
On August 28, 2025, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $719 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete the redemption of its 9.000% Senior Notes due 2029.
On September 17, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $800 million aggregate principal amount of 6.500% Senior Notes due 2033.
On December 18, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 6.750% Senior Notes due 2033.
On December 16, 2025, OMFC issued a notice of full redemption of the remaining 7.125% Senior Notes due 2026. On January 15, 2026, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $436 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete the full redemption.
For information about the issuances and redemptions of our unsecured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Securitization Transactions Completed - ODART 2025-1 and OMFIT 2025-1
For information regarding the issuances of our secured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Election of Members to the OMH Board of Directors
On March 17, 2025, Andrew D. Macdonald was elected to the OMH Board of Directors.
On June 10, 2025, Christopher A. Halmy was elected to the OMH Board of Directors.
Cash Dividends to OMH’s Common Stockholders
For information regarding the quarterly dividends declared by OMH, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Stock Repurchase Program
On October 23, 2025, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program that replaces and supersedes our previous share repurchase program, which allows us to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of OMH’s outstanding common stock, excluding fees, commissions, excise taxes, and other expenses related to the repurchases. The authorization expires on December 31, 2028.
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OUTLOOK
We actively monitor the current macroeconomic environment and remain prepared for any developments that may impact our business. Our financial condition and results of operations could be affected by macroeconomic conditions, including changes in unemployment, inflation, interest rates, consumer confidence, and geopolitical actions. We incorporate updates to our macroeconomic assumptions, as necessary, which could lead to adjustments in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Our experienced management team remains focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet with a long liquidity runway and adequate capital while maintaining a conservative and disciplined underwriting model. We believe we are well positioned to serve our customers and execute on our strategic priorities, including:
•striving to be the lender of choice for nonprime consumers and improve their financial well-being;
•continuing to expand our product offerings and grow our receivables;
•maintaining a rigorous focus on maximizing returns while minimizing credit risk;
•leveraging our scale and cost discipline across the Company to deliver improved operating leverage; and
•maintaining a strong liquidity level with diversified funding sources.
We believe our commitment to closely monitor the macroeconomic environment, retain disciplined underwriting, drive strategic growth initiatives, and attract and retain top talent strengthens our ability to navigate challenges and seize opportunities. With a robust balance sheet and a focus on our key initiatives, we are confident in our ability to increase shareholder value and remain resilient and adaptable to navigate an ever-evolving economic, social, political, and regulatory landscape.
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Results of Operations
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relates only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information.
OMH’S CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
The following table below presents OMH’s consolidated operating results and selected financial statistics. A further discussion of OMH’s operating results for our operating segment is provided under “Segment Results” below.
| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 5,455 | $ | 4,993 | $ | 4,564 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,272 | 1,185 | 1,019 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,997 | 2,040 | 1,721 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 2,186 | 1,768 | 1,824 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 720 | 695 | 735 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,905 | 1,796 | 1,719 | ||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 1,001 | 667 | 840 | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 218 | 158 | 199 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 783 | $ | 509 | $ | 641 | |||||||||
| Share Data: | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 6.56 | $ | 4.24 | $ | 5.32 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 24,833 | $ | 23,554 | $ | 21,349 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 23,996 | $ | 22,395 | $ | 20,527 | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio (b) | 9.12 | % | 9.49 | % | 8.74 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.47) | % | (1.38) | % | (1.26) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio (b) | 7.65 | % | 8.12 | % | 7.48 | % |
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| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics, continued (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 21,430 | $ | 20,833 | $ | 20,274 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 13,025 | $ | 12,246 | $ | 12,296 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,395,371 | 2,375,138 | 2,361,026 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,231,821 | 1,171,271 | 1,224,362 | ||||||||||||
| Auto finance: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 2,467 | $ | 2,078 | $ | 745 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 1,402 | $ | 1,075 | $ | 555 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 147,543 | 126,518 | 54,032 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 63,505 | 53,222 | 34,451 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 23,897 | $ | 22,911 | $ | 21,019 | |||||||||
| Yield | 22.61 | % | 22.23 | % | 22.20 | % | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 14,427 | $ | 13,321 | $ | 12,851 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,542,914 | 2,501,656 | 2,415,058 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,295,326 | 1,224,493 | 1,258,813 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio (b) | 7.30 | % | 7.95 | % | 7.42 | % | |||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 3.35 | % | 3.23 | % | 3.28 | % | |||||||||
| Credit cards: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 936 | $ | 643 | $ | 330 | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 1,219 | $ | 892 | $ | 442 | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 1,080,926 | 782,932 | 430,784 | ||||||||||||
| Debt balances: | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt balance | $ | 22,694 | $ | 21,438 | $ | 19,813 | |||||||||
| Average daily debt balance | $ | 22,013 | $ | 20,748 | $ | 19,047 |
(a) See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
(b) The calculations for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been adjusted for policy alignment associated with the Foursight Acquisition. For more information on the Foursight Acquisition, see Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report.
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Comparison of Consolidated Results for Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Interest income increased $462 million or 9% in 2025 when compared to 2024 due to growth in average net receivables and an increase in yield.
Interest expense increased $87 million or 7% in 2025 when compared to 2024 due to an increase in average debt to support our receivables growth.
Provision for finance receivable losses decreased $43 million or 2% in 2025 when compared to 2024 reflecting the impact of the Foursight Acquisition in the second quarter of 2024 and lower net charge-offs, offset by growth in receivables.
Other revenues increased $25 million or 4% in 2025 when compared to 2024 due to an increase in sales of finance receivables and an increase in credit card revenue from growth in new accounts, offset by an increase in losses on repurchases and repayments of debt and a decrease in investment revenue due to declining interest rates and lower average corporate cash balances.
Other expenses increased $109 million or 6% in 2025 when compared to 2024, driven by an increase in general operating expenses and salaries and benefits expense due to growth in our receivables and our strategic investments in the business. The increase was offset by lower restructuring charges in the current period.
Income taxes increased $60 million or 39% in 2025 when compared to 2024 due to higher pretax income.
See Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 included in this report for further information on effective tax rates.
Comparison of Consolidated Results for 2024 and 2023
For a comparison of OMH’s operating results for the years ended 2024 and 2023, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Results of Operations” in Part II - Item 7 of OMH’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 7, 2025.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Management uses C&I adjusted pretax income (loss), a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) represents income (loss) before income taxes on a Segment Accounting Basis and excludes net gain or loss resulting from repurchases and repayments of debt, restructuring charges, acquisition-related transaction and integration expenses, regulatory settlements, and other items and strategic activities. Management believes C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) is useful in assessing the profitability of our segment.
Management also uses pretax capital generation, a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. This measure represents C&I adjusted pretax income as discussed above and excludes the change in our C&I allowance for finance receivable losses in the period while still considering the C&I net charge-offs incurred during the period. Management believes that pretax capital generation is useful in assessing the capital created in the period impacting the overall capital adequacy of the Company. Management believes that the Company’s reserves, combined with its equity, represent the Company’s loss absorption capacity.
Management utilizes both C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and pretax capital generation in evaluating our performance. Additionally, both of these non-GAAP measures are consistent with the performance goals established in OMH’s executive compensation program. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and pretax capital generation are non-GAAP financial measures and should be considered supplemental to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, income (loss) before income taxes, net income, or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.
OMH’s reconciliations of income before income tax expense on a Segment Accounting Basis to C&I adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) and pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years Ended December 31, | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes - Segment Accounting Basis | $ | 988 | $ | 707 | $ | 845 | |||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss on repurchases and repayments of debt | 65 | 33 | — | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | 4 | 29 | — | ||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related transaction and integration expenses | 1 | 9 | — | ||||||||||||
| Regulatory settlements | — | — | 26 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 2 | 4 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | 1,060 | 782 | 874 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,999 | 1,981 | 1,721 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | (1,841) | (1,849) | (1,536) | ||||||||||||
| Pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,218 | $ | 914 | $ | 1,059 |
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Segment Results
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relates only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information.
See Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for a description of our segment and methodologies used to allocate revenues and expenses to our C&I segment and for reconciliations of segment total to consolidated financial statement amounts.
CONSUMER AND INSURANCE
The following table below presents OMH’s adjusted pretax income and selected financial statistics for C&I on an adjusted Segment Accounting Basis.
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 5,432 | $ | 4,965 | $ | 4,559 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,270 | 1,181 | 1,015 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,999 | 1,981 | 1,721 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 2,163 | 1,803 | 1,823 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 782 | 722 | 727 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,885 | 1,743 | 1,676 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,060 | $ | 782 | $ | 874 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 24,853 | $ | 23,598 | $ | 21,349 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 24,028 | $ | 22,440 | $ | 20,528 | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio (b) | 9.13 | % | 9.49 | % | 8.74 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.47) | % | (1.37) | % | (1.26) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio (b) | 7.66 | % | 8.11 | % | 7.48 | % |
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| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics, continued (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 21,430 | $ | 20,833 | $ | 20,274 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 13,025 | $ | 12,246 | $ | 12,296 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,395,371 | 2,375,138 | 2,361,026 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,231,821 | 1,171,271 | 1,224,362 | ||||||||||||
| Auto finance: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 2,487 | $ | 2,122 | $ | 745 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 1,402 | $ | 1,075 | $ | 555 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 147,543 | 126,518 | 54,032 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 63,505 | 53,222 | 34,451 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 23,917 | $ | 22,955 | $ | 21,019 | |||||||||
| Yield | 22.50 | % | 22.07 | % | 22.20 | % | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 14,427 | $ | 13,321 | $ | 12,851 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,542,914 | 2,501,656 | 2,415,058 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,295,326 | 1,224,493 | 1,258,813 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio (b) | 7.31 | % | 7.94 | % | 7.42 | % | |||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 3.36 | % | 3.24 | % | 3.28 | % | |||||||||
| Credit cards: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 936 | $ | 643 | $ | 330 | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 1,219 | $ | 892 | $ | 442 | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 1,080,926 | 782,932 | 430,784 |
(a) See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
(b) The calculations for the year ended December 31, 2024 have been adjusted for policy alignment associated with the Foursight Acquisition.
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Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024
Interest income increased $467 million or 9% in 2025 when compared to 2024 due to growth in average net receivables and an increase in yield.
Interest expense increased $89 million or 8% in 2025 when compared to 2024 due to an increase in average debt to support our receivables growth.
Provision for finance receivable losses increased $18 million or 1% in 2025 when compared to 2024 due to growth in receivables, offset by lower net charge-offs.
Other revenues increased $60 million or 8% in 2025 when compared to 2024 due to an increase in sales of finance receivables and an increase in credit card revenue from growth in new accounts, offset by a decrease in investment revenue due to declining interest rates and lower average corporate cash balances.
Other expenses increased $142 million or 8% in 2025 when compared to 2024 driven by increases in salaries and benefits expense and general operating expenses due to growth in receivables and our strategic investments in the business.
Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for 2024 and 2023
For a comparison of OMH’s adjusted pretax income for C&I for the years ended 2024 and 2023, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Segment Results” in Part II - Item 7 of OMH’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 7, 2025.
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Credit Quality
FINANCE RECEIVABLES
Our net finance receivables, consisting of consumer loans and credit cards, were $24.8 billion at December 31, 2025 and $23.6 billion at December 31, 2024. We consider the delinquency status of our finance receivables as our key credit quality indicator. We monitor the delinquency of our finance receivable portfolio, including the migration between the delinquency buckets and changes in the delinquency trends to manage our exposure to credit risk in the portfolio. Our branch and central operation team members work closely with customers as necessary and offer a variety of borrower assistance programs to help support our customers.
DELINQUENCY
We monitor delinquency trends to evaluate the risk of future credit losses and employ advanced analytical tools to manage performance. Team members are actively engaged in collection activities throughout the early stages of delinquency. We closely track and report the percentage of receivables that are contractually 30-89 days past due as a benchmark of portfolio quality, collections effectiveness, and as a strong indicator of losses in coming quarters.
When consumer loans are contractually 60 days past due, we consider these accounts to be at an increased risk for loss and move collection of these accounts to our central collection operations. Use of our central operations teams for managing late-stage delinquency allows us to apply more advanced collection techniques and tools to drive credit performance and operational efficiencies.
We consider our consumer loans to be nonperforming at 90 days contractually past due, at which point we stop accruing finance charges and reverse finance charges previously accrued. For credit cards, we accrue finance charges and fees until charge-off at 180 days contractually past due, at which point we reverse finance charges and fees previously accrued.
The delinquency information for net finance receivables on a Segment Accounting Basis was as follows:
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (dollars in millions) | Consumer Loans | Credit Cards | |||||
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 22,518 | $ | 820 | |||
| 30-89 days past due | 803 | 50 | |||||
| 90+ days past due | 596 | 66 | |||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 23,917 | $ | 936 | |||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 3.36 | % | 5.38 | % | |||
| 30+ days past due | 5.85 | % | 12.43 | % | |||
| 90+ days past due | 2.49 | % | 7.05 | % | |||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 21,633 | $ | 558 | |||
| 30-89 days past due | 743 | 37 | |||||
| 90+ days past due | 579 | 48 | |||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 22,955 | $ | 643 | |||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 3.24 | % | 5.78 | % | |||
| 30+ days past due | 5.76 | % | 13.26 | % | |||
| 90+ days past due | 2.52 | % | 7.47 | % |
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ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES
We estimate and record an allowance for finance receivable losses to cover the expected lifetime credit losses on our finance receivables. Our allowance for finance receivable losses may fluctuate based upon changes in portfolio growth, credit quality, and economic conditions.
Our methodology to estimate expected credit losses uses recent macroeconomic forecasts, which include forecasts for unemployment. We leverage projections from various industry leading providers. We also consider inflationary pressures, consumer confidence levels, and elevated interest rates that may continue to impact the economic outlook. At December 31, 2025, our economic forecast used a reasonable and supportable period of 12 months. We may experience further changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | Consumer and Insurance | Segment to GAAP Adjustment | Consolidated Total | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Loans | Credit Cards | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,572 | $ | 138 | $ | (5) | $ | 2,705 | ||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,788 | 211 | (2) | 1,997 | ||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (2,043) | (151) | 4 | (2,190) | ||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 342 | 11 | — | 353 | ||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,659 | $ | 209 | $ | (3) | $ | 2,865 | ||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 23,917 | $ | 936 | $ | (20) | $ | 24,833 | ||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.12 | % | 22.34 | % | N/A | 11.54 | % | |||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,415 | $ | 65 | $ | — | $ | 2,480 | ||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,832 | 149 | 59 | 2,040 | ||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (2,080) | (78) | 3 | (2,155) | ||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 307 | 2 | — | 309 | ||||||||||||
| Other (a) | 98 | — | (67) | 31 | ||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,572 | $ | 138 | $ | (5) | $ | 2,705 | ||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 22,955 | $ | 643 | $ | (44) | $ | 23,554 | ||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.20 | % | 21.44 | % | N/A | 11.48 | % | |||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,294 | $ | 21 | $ | (4) | $ | 2,311 | ||||||||
| Impact of adoption of ASU 2022-02 (b) | (20) | — | 4 | (16) | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,651 | 70 | — | 1,721 | ||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,768) | (27) | — | (1,795) | ||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 258 | 1 | — | 259 | ||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,415 | $ | 65 | $ | — | $ | 2,480 | ||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 21,019 | $ | 330 | $ | — | $ | 21,349 | ||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.49 | % | 19.61 | % | N/A | 11.62 | % |
(a) Represents allowance for finance receivable losses recognized on loans acquired in the Foursight Acquisition.
(b) As a result of the adoption of ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, we recorded a one-time adjustment to the allowance for finance receivable losses.
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The current delinquency status of our finance receivable portfolio, inclusive of recent borrower performance and loss performance, volume of our modified finance receivable activity, level and recoverability of collateral securing our finance receivable portfolio, portfolio mix, and the reasonable and supportable forecast of economic conditions are the primary drivers that can cause fluctuations in our allowance ratio from period to period. We monitor the allowance ratio to ensure we have a sufficient level of allowance for finance receivable losses based on the estimated lifetime expected credit losses in our finance receivable portfolio. The allowance for finance receivable losses as a percentage of net finance receivables remained consistent compared to the prior year period. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for more information about the changes in the allowance for finance receivable losses.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
SOURCES AND USES OF FUNDS
We finance the majority of our operating liquidity and capital needs through a combination of cash flows from operations, secured debt, unsecured debt, borrowings from revolving conduit facilities, credit card revolving VFN facilities, the unsecured corporate revolver, whole loan sales, and equity. We may also utilize other sources in the future. As a holding company, all of the funds generated from our operations are earned by our operating subsidiaries. Our operating subsidiaries’ primary cash needs relate to funding our lending activities, our debt service obligations, our operating expenses, payment of insurance claims, and supporting strategic initiatives.
We have previously purchased portions of our unsecured indebtedness, and we may elect to purchase additional portions of our unsecured indebtedness or securitized borrowings in the future. Future purchases may be made through the open market, privately negotiated transactions with third parties, or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers, all of which are subject to terms, prices, and consideration we may determine at our discretion.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, OMH generated net income of $783 million. OMH’s net cash outflow from operating and investing activities totaled $29 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. At December 31, 2025, our scheduled principal and interest payments for 2026 on our existing unsecured debt totaled $1.1 billion. As of December 31, 2025, we had $11.8 billion of unencumbered receivables.
Based on our estimates and considering the risks and uncertainties of our plans, we believe that we will have adequate liquidity to finance and operate our businesses and repay our obligations as they become due.
OMFC’s Issuances, Redemptions, and Repurchases of Unsecured Debt
On March 13, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $600 million aggregate principal amount of 6.750% Senior Notes due 2032 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Twentieth Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
On June 11, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $800 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% Senior Notes due 2032 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Twenty-First Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
On June 27, 2025, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $822 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete a partial redemption of its 7.125% Senior Notes due 2026.
On August 12, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 6.125% Senior Notes due 2030 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Twenty-Second Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
On August 28, 2025, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $719 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete the redemption of its 9.000% Senior Notes due 2029.
On September 17, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $800 million aggregate principal amount of 6.500% Senior Notes due 2033 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Twenty-Third Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
On December 18, 2025, OMFC issued a total of $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 6.750% Senior Notes due 2033 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Twenty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
On December 16, 2025, OMFC issued a notice of full redemption of the remaining 7.125% Senior Notes due 2026. On January 15, 2026, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $436 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete the redemption.
From time to time we may purchase portions of our unsecured indebtedness through the open market. During the year ended
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December 31, 2025, we repurchased $280 million of our unsecured notes.
OMFC’s Unsecured Corporate Revolver
At December 31, 2025, the borrowing capacity of our corporate revolver was $1.1 billion.
Securitizations, Revolving Conduit Facilities, and Credit Card Revolving VFN Facilities
During the year ended December 31, 2025, we completed two new consumer loan securitizations (ODART 2025-1 and OMFIT 2025-1, see “Securitized Borrowings” below) and redeemed three consumer loan securitizations (OMFIT 2018-2, FCRT 2021-2, and FCRT 2022-1). During the year ended December 31, 2025, we entered into one new revolving conduit facility and terminated one revolving conduit facility. At December 31, 2025, the borrowing capacity of our revolving conduit facilities was $6.0 billion. At December 31, 2025, we had $12.7 billion of consumer loan gross finance receivables pledged as collateral for our securitizations, revolving conduit facilities, and private secured term funding facility.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, we entered into no new credit card revolving VFN facilities. On January 18, 2025, the borrowing capacity of OneMain Financial Credit Card Trust – Series 2024-VFN2 increased to $250 million. At December 31, 2025, the borrowing capacity of our credit card revolving VFN facilities was $400 million. At December 31, 2025, we had $590 million of credit card principal balances held in OneMain Financial Credit Card Trust (“OMFCT”) for our credit card revolving VFN facilities.
Private Secured Term Funding
At December 31, 2025, the maximum borrowing capacity of $350 million was outstanding under the remaining private secured term funding facility. Principal payments on any outstanding balances are not required until after October 2027 followed by a subsequent amortization period, which upon expiration the outstanding principal is due and payable.
See Notes 9 and 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, private secured term funding facility, revolving conduit facilities, and credit card revolving VFN facilities.
Credit Ratings
Our credit ratings impact our ability to access capital markets and our borrowing costs. Rating agencies base their ratings on numerous factors, including liquidity, capital adequacy, asset quality, quality of earnings, and the probability of systemic support. Significant changes in these factors could result in different ratings.
The table below outlines OMFC’s long-term corporate debt ratings and outlook by rating agencies:
| As of December 31, 2025 | Rating | Outlook | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S&P | BB | Stable | ||
| Moody’s | Ba2 | Stable | ||
| KBRA | BB+ | Stable |
Currently, no other entity has a corporate debt rating, though they may be rated in the future.
Stock Repurchased
During the year ended December 31, 2025, OMH repurchased 2,528,390 shares of its common stock through its stock repurchase program for an aggregate total of $141 million, including commissions, fees and excise taxes. As of December 31, 2025, OMH held a total of 18,514,904 shares of treasury stock. To provide funding for the OMH stock repurchases, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized dividend payments in the amount of $120 million.
For additional information regarding the shares repurchased, see Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities of Part II included in this report.
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Cash Dividend to OMH’s Common Stockholders
As of December 31, 2025, the dividend declarations for the current year by the Board were as follows:
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Payment Date | Dividend Per Share | Amount Paid | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| January 31, 2025 | February 12, 2025 | February 20, 2025 | $ | 1.04 | $ | 124 | ||||||
| April 29, 2025 | May 9, 2025 | May 16, 2025 | 1.04 | 124 | ||||||||
| July 25, 2025 | August 4, 2025 | August 13, 2025 | 1.04 | 124 | ||||||||
| October 31, 2025 | November 10, 2025 | November 14, 2025 | 1.05 | 123 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 4.17 | $ | 495 |
To provide funding for the dividend, OMFC paid dividends of $491 million to OMH during the year ended December 31, 2025.
On February 5, 2026, OMH declared a dividend of $1.05 per share payable on February 23, 2026 to record holders of OMH’s common stock as of the close of business on February 17, 2026. To provide funding for the OMH dividend, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized a dividend in the amount of up to $125 million payable on or after February 18, 2026.
While OMH intends to pay its minimum quarterly dividend, currently $1.05 per share, for the foreseeable future, all subsequent dividends will be reviewed and declared at the discretion of the Board and will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applicable to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that the Board deems relevant. OMH’s dividend payments may change from time to time, and the Board may choose not to continue to declare dividends in the future. See our “Dividend Policy” in Part II - Item 5 in this report for further information.
Whole Loan Sale Transactions
We have whole loan sale flow agreements with third parties. The Company is committed to sell a remaining total of $2.4 billion gross receivables of newly originated unsecured personal loans along with any associated accrued interest with a current term of less than three years.
During the year ended December 31, 2025, we sold a total of $1.0 billion of gross finance receivables compared to $542 million during year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information on the whole loan sale transactions.
LIQUIDITY
OMH’s Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations of $3.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2025 reflected net income of $783 million, the impact of non-cash items including provision for finance receivable losses of $2.0 billion, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $13 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 reflected net income of $509 million, the impact of non-cash items including provision for finance receivable losses of $2.0 billion, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $125 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflected net income of $641 million, the impact of non-cash items including provision for finance receivable losses of $1.7 billion, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $44 million.
OMH’s Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities of $3.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2025 was due to net principal originations and purchases of finance receivables and purchases of available-for-sale securities, offset by the proceeds from sales of finance receivables and calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale securities. Net cash used for investing activities of $3.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 was due to net principal originations and purchases of finance receivables, purchases of available-for-sale and other securities, and the Foursight Acquisition, offset by the proceeds from sales of finance receivables and calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities. Net cash used for investing activities of $2.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 was due to net principal originations and purchases of finance receivables and purchases of
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available-for-sale and other securities, offset by the proceeds from sales of finance receivables and calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities.
OMH’s Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $500 million and $161 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, was due to the issuances and borrowings of long-term debt, offset by repayments and repurchases of long-term debt, cash dividends paid, and common stock repurchased. Net cash provided by financing activities of $932 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 was due to issuances and borrowings of long-term debt, offset by repayments and repurchases of long-term debt and cash dividends paid.
OMH’s Cash and Investments
At December 31, 2025, we had $914 million of cash and cash equivalents, which included $176 million of cash and cash equivalents held at our regulated insurance subsidiaries or for other operating activities that is unavailable for general corporate purposes.
At December 31, 2025, we had $1.6 billion of investment securities, which are all held as part of our insurance operations and are unavailable for general corporate purposes.
Liquidity Risks and Strategies
OMFC’s credit ratings are non-investment grade, which has a significant impact on our cost and access to capital. This, in turn, can negatively affect our ability to manage our liquidity and our ability or cost to refinance our indebtedness.
There are numerous risks to our financial results, liquidity, capital raising, and debt refinancing plans, some of which may not be quantified in our current liquidity forecasts. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
•our inability to grow or maintain our consumer loan and credit card portfolios with adequate profitability;
•the effect of federal, state and local laws, regulations, or regulatory policies and practices;
•effects of ratings downgrades on our secured or unsecured debt;
•potential liability relating to real estate and consumer loans which we have sold or may sell in the future, or relating to securitized loans; and
•the potential for disruptions in the debt and equity markets.
The principal factors that could decrease our liquidity are customer delinquencies and defaults, a decline in customer prepayments, rising interest rates, or a prolonged inability to adequately access capital market funding. We intend to support our liquidity position by utilizing some or all of the following strategies:
•maintaining disciplined underwriting standards and pricing for loans we originate or purchase and managing purchases of finance receivables;
•pursuing additional debt financings (including new secured and unsecured debt issuances, debt refinancing transactions, unsecured corporate revolvers, revolving conduit facilities, and credit card revolving VFN facilities), or a combination of the foregoing;
•purchasing portions of our outstanding indebtedness through open market or privately negotiated transactions with third parties or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers or otherwise, upon such terms and at such prices, as well as with such consideration, as we may determine; and
•obtaining new and extending existing revolving facilities to provide committed liquidity in case of prolonged market fluctuations.
However, it is possible that the actual outcome of one or more of our plans could be materially different than expected or that one or more of our significant judgments or estimates could prove to be materially incorrect.
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OUR INSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to state regulations that limit their ability to pay dividends. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information on these state restrictions and the dividends paid by our insurance subsidiaries from 2023 to 2025.
OUR DEBT AGREEMENTS
The debt agreements which OMFC and its subsidiaries are a party to include customary terms and conditions, including covenants and representations and warranties. See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for more information on the restrictive covenants under OMFC’s debt agreements, as well as the guarantees of OMFC’s long-term debt.
Securitized Borrowings
We execute private securitizations under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As of December 31, 2025, our structured financings consisted of the following:
| (dollars in millions) | Issue Amount (a) | Initial Collateral Balance | Current Note Amounts Outstanding (a) | Current Collateral Balance (b) | Current Weighted Average Interest Rate | Original Revolving Period | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMFIT 2019-2 | $ | 900 | $ | 947 | $ | 900 | $ | 995 | 3.30 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-A | 789 | 892 | 750 | 892 | 3.78 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2020-2 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 828 | 836 | 2.09 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2021-1 | 850 | 904 | 850 | 904 | 2.50 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-S1 | 600 | 652 | 365 | 393 | 4.42 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-2 | 1,000 | 1,099 | 376 | 485 | 5.64 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-3 | 979 | 1,090 | 273 | 579 | 6.12 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2023-1 | 825 | 920 | 825 | 920 | 5.82 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2023-2 | 1,400 | 1,566 | 1,400 | 1,566 | 6.00 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2024-1 | 1,100 | 1,222 | 1,100 | 1,222 | 5.99 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2025-1 | 1,000 | 1,124 | 1,000 | 1,124 | 4.97 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2019-1 | 737 | 750 | 189 | 216 | 4.22 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2021-1 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 212 | 221 | 1.36 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2022-1 | 600 | 632 | 216 | 221 | 5.19 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2023-1 | 750 | 792 | 750 | 792 | 5.63 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2025-1 | 900 | 926 | 900 | 926 | 5.48 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2022-2 | 215 | 233 | 23 | 43 | 6.80 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2023-1 | 182 | 199 | 39 | 56 | 6.39 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2023-2 | 200 | 208 | 68 | 72 | 6.80 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2024-1 | 210 | 214 | 86 | 90 | 6.46 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Total securitizations | $ | 15,237 | $ | 16,476 | $ | 11,150 | $ | 12,553 |
(a) Issue Amount includes the retained interest amounts as applicable and the Current Note Amounts Outstanding balances reflect pay-downs subsequent to note issuance and exclude retained interest amounts.
(b) Inclusive of in-process replenishments of collateral for securitized borrowings in a revolving status as of December 31, 2025.
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Revolving Conduit Facilities
We had access to 17 revolving conduit facilities with a total borrowing capacity of $6.0 billion as of December 31, 2025:
| (dollars in millions) | Advance Maximum Balance | Amount Drawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OneMain Financial Funding VII, LLC | $ | 600 | $ | — | |||
| OneMain Financial Auto Funding I, LLC | 550 | — | |||||
| Hudson River Funding, LLC | 500 | — | |||||
| River Thames Funding, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding X, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding XII, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding XIII, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| Mystic River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Thayer Brook Funding, LLC | 350 | 1 | |||||
| Columbia River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Hubbard River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding XI, LLC | 325 | — | |||||
| New River Funding Trust | 250 | — | |||||
| St. Lawrence River Funding, LLC | 250 | — | |||||
| OneMain Foursight Auto I, LLC | 175 | — | |||||
| OneMain Foursight Auto II, LLC | 175 | — | |||||
| OneMain Foursight Auto III, LLC | 175 | — | |||||
| Total | $ | 6,000 | $ | 1 |
Credit Card Revolving VFN Facilities
We also had access to two credit card revolving VFN facilities with a total borrowing capacity of $400 million as of December 31, 2025:
| (dollars in millions) | Advance Maximum Balance | Amount Drawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OneMain Financial Credit Card Trust – Series 2024-VFN1 | $ | 150 | $ | — | |||
| OneMain Financial Credit Card Trust – Series 2024-VFN2 | 250 | — | |||||
| Total | $ | 400 | $ | — |
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Contractual Obligations
At December 31, 2025, our material contractual obligations were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | 2026 | 2027-2028 | 2029-2030 | 2031+ | Securitizations | Private Secured Term Funding Facility | Revolving Conduit Facilities | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principal maturities on long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitization debt (a) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,150 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,150 | |||||||||||||||
| Medium-term notes | 424 | 2,100 | 3,932 | 4,700 | — | — | — | 11,156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debt | — | — | — | 350 | — | — | — | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private secured term funding facility (a) | — | — | — | — | — | 350 | — | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revolving conduit facilities (a) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total principal maturities | 424 | 2,100 | 3,932 | 5,050 | 11,150 | 350 | 1 | 23,007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payments on debt (b) | 673 | 1,296 | 982 | 1,307 | 1,494 | 33 | — | 5,785 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,097 | $ | 3,396 | $ | 4,914 | $ | 6,357 | $ | 12,644 | $ | 383 | $ | 1 | $ | 28,792 |
(a) Securitizations, private secured term funding facility, and borrowings under revolving conduit facilities are not included in maturities by period due to their variable monthly payments.
(b) Future interest payments on floating-rate debt are estimated based upon rates in effect at December 31, 2025.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by SEC rules, and we had no material off-balance sheet exposure to losses associated with unconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We consider the following policies to be our most critical accounting policies because they involve critical accounting estimates and a significant degree of management judgment:
ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES - CONSUMER LOANS
We estimate the expected credit losses on our finance receivables over their expected lives based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of collectability. No new volume is assumed. Loan renewals are a significant piece of our new volume and are considered a terminal event of the previous loan. For our consumer loans, we have elected not to measure an allowance on accrued finance charges as it is our policy to reverse finance charges previously accrued after four contractual payments become past due.
Our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses is primarily based on historical loss experience using a cumulative loss model applied to our consumer loan portfolios. Our gross credit loss expectation is offset by the estimate of future recoveries using historical recovery curves. Our consumer loans are primarily segmented in the loss model by contractual delinquency status. Other attributes in the model include loan modification status, collateral mix, and credit score. To estimate the gross credit losses, the model utilizes a roll rate matrix to project the first 12 months of losses and historical cohort performance to project the expected losses over the remaining term. Our methodology relies on historical loss experience to forecast the corresponding future outcomes. These patterns are then applied to the current portfolio to obtain an estimate of future losses.
Management exercises its judgment when determining the amount of allowance for finance receivable losses. Our judgment is based on quantitative analyses, qualitative factors, such as recent portfolio, industry, and other economic trends, and experience in the consumer finance industry. We may adjust the amounts determined by our model for management’s estimate of the effects of model imprecision, which include but are not limited to, any changes to underwriting criteria and portfolio seasoning.
Forecasting macroeconomic conditions requires significant judgment and involves estimation uncertainty. We consider key economic factors, most notably unemployment rates, to incorporate into our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses. Our macroeconomic forecast considers various scenarios of economic projections from industry leading forecast providers and extends over our reasonable and supportable forecast period, after which we revert to historical experience.
Due to the judgment and uncertainty in estimating the expected credit losses, we may experience changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Macroeconomic Sensitivity
To demonstrate the sensitivity of forecasting macroeconomic conditions, we compared the output of our model using a baseline scenario to that of a downside scenario. As of December 31, 2025, the impact of a ten percentage point increase in weighting towards a downside scenario increased the estimate by approximately $22 million.
The macroeconomic scenarios are highly influenced by the timing, severity, and duration of changes in the underlying economic factors. This makes it difficult to estimate how potential changes in economic factors affect the estimated credit losses. Therefore, this hypothetical analysis is not intended to represent our expectation of changes in our estimate of expected credit losses due to a change in the macroeconomic environment, nor does it consider management’s judgment of other quantitative and qualitative information which could increase or decrease the estimate.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
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Seasonality
Our consumer loan and credit card volume and demand are generally lowest during the first quarter of the year following the holiday season and as a result of tax refunds, and then increases through the end of the year. Delinquencies follow similar trends, being generally lower during the first quarter of the year and rising throughout the remainder of the year. These seasonal trends contribute to fluctuations in our operating results and cash needs throughout the year.
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MD&A history
Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. The latest 10-K appears above; prior years are below.
FY 2024 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001584207-25-000006.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of OMH's financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risk, uncertainties, and assumptions. See “Forward-Looking Statements” included in this report for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” included in this report.
An index to our management’s discussion and analysis follows:
| Topic | Page | |
|---|---|---|
| Overview | 38 | |
| Recent Developments and Outlook | 40 | |
| Results of Operations | 42 | |
| Segment Results | 46 | |
| Credit Quality | 49 | |
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 52 | |
| Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 58 | |
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 59 | |
| Seasonality | 59 |
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Overview
We offer consumer loans, which consist of personal loans and auto finance, credit cards, and other products to help customers meet everyday needs and take steps to improve their financial well-being. We service the loans that we retain on our balance sheet, as well as loans owned by third parties. Additionally, our insurance subsidiaries offer optional credit and non-credit insurance and other optional products. We also offer two credit cards, BrightWay and BrightWay+, which are designed to offer a highly digital customer experience while also rewarding customers for responsible credit activity. Our resources allow us to operate in 47 states and provide a seamless experience through our customers’ preferred channels, including in person, online or over the phone, using our digital platforms, distribution partnerships, or working with our expert team members at more than 1,300 locations.
OUR PRODUCTS
Our product offerings include:
•Personal Loans — We offer personal loans through our branch network, central operations, digital affiliates, and our website, www.onemainfinancial.com, to customers who need timely access to cash. Our personal loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, have fixed terms generally between three and six years, and are secured by automobiles, other titled collateral, or are unsecured. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately 2.4 million personal loans totaling $20.8 billion of net finance receivables, of which 50% were secured by titled property, compared to approximately 2.4 million personal loans totaling $20.3 billion of net finance receivables, of which 48% were secured by titled property at December 31, 2023. We also service personal loans for our whole loan sale partners.
•Auto Finance — We offer secured auto financing originated at the point of purchase through a growing network of franchise and independent dealerships. The loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, and have fixed terms generally between three and six years. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately 127 thousand auto finance loans totaling $2.1 billion of net finance receivables, compared to approximately 54 thousand auto finance loans totaling $745 million of net finance receivables at December 31, 2023. We also service auto finance loans for our whole loan sale partners and loans originated by third parties.
•Credit Cards — BrightWay and BrightWay+ credit cards originate through a third-party bank partner from which we purchase the receivable balances. The credit cards are offered across our branch network, as well as through direct mail, our digital affiliates, and our website. Credit cards are open-ended, revolving, with a fixed rate, and are unsecured. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately 783 thousand open credit card customer accounts, totaling $643 million of net finance receivables, compared to approximately 431 thousand open credit card customer accounts, totaling $330 million of net finance receivables at December 31, 2023.
•Optional Products — We offer our customers optional credit insurance products (life, disability, and involuntary unemployment insurance) and optional non-credit insurance products through both our branch network and our central operations. Credit insurance and non-credit insurance products are provided by our affiliated insurance companies. We offer Guaranteed Asset Protection (“GAP”) coverage as a waiver product or insurance. We also offer optional membership plans from an unaffiliated company.
OUR SEGMENT
At December 31, 2024, Consumer and Insurance (“C&I”) is our only reportable segment, which includes consumer loans, credit cards, and optional products. At December 31, 2024, we had $24.7 billion of managed receivables due from approximately 3.4 million customer accounts, compared to $22.2 billion of managed receivables due from approximately 3.0 million customer accounts at December 31, 2023.
The remaining components (which we refer to as “Other”) consist of our liquidating SpringCastle Portfolio servicing activity and our non-originating legacy operations, which primarily include our liquidating real estate loans held for sale and reported in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for more information about our segment.
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HOW WE ASSESS OUR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
We closely monitor the primary drivers of pretax operating income, which consist of the following:
Interest Income
We track interest income, including certain fees earned on our finance receivables, and continually monitor the components that impact our yield. We include any late charges on loans that we have collected from customer payments in interest income.
Interest Expense
We track the interest expense incurred on our debt to monitor the components of our cost of funds. We expect interest expense to fluctuate based on changes in the secured versus unsecured mix of our debt, time to maturity, interest rates, and utilization of revolving conduit facilities and credit card revolving variable funding note (“VFN”) facilities.
Net Credit Losses
We define net credit losses as gross charge-offs minus recoveries in the portfolio. Additionally, because delinquencies are an early indicator of future net credit losses, we analyze delinquency trends and consider seasonality, to determine whether our loans are performing in line with our original estimates. We also monitor recovery rates because of their contribution to the reduction in the severity of our charge-offs.
Operating Expenses
We assess our operational efficiency using various metrics and conduct extensive analysis to determine whether fluctuations in cost and expense levels indicate operational trends that need to be addressed. Our operating expense analysis also includes a review of origination and servicing costs to assist us in managing overall profitability.
Finance Receivables Originations and Purchase Volume
Because volume and portfolio size determine the magnitude of the impact of each of the above factors on our earnings, we also closely monitor originations, purchase volume, and annual percentage rate.
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Recent Developments and Outlook
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Acquisition of Foursight Capital LLC
On April 1, 2024, we completed our previously announced acquisition of Foursight Capital LLC (“Foursight”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. Foursight is an automobile finance company that purchases and services automobile retail installment contracts. Contracts are sourced through an extensive network of auto dealers. We believe Foursight’s seasoned team, scalable technology, tested credit models, franchise dealer network, and loan portfolio will support OneMain’s disciplined expansion into the auto lending business. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information.
Issuances and Redemption of Unsecured Debt
On May 22, 2024, OMFC issued a total of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 7.500% Senior Notes due 2031.
On June 10, 2024, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $1.0 billion, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete the redemption of its 6.875% Senior Notes due 2025.
On August 19, 2024, OMFC issued a Social Bond offering for a total of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% Senior Notes due 2031.
On November 4, 2024, OMFC issued a total of $900 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2029.
Unsecured Corporate Revolver
On September 6, 2024, OMFC amended its unsecured corporate revolver. At December 31, 2024, the borrowing capacity was $1.1 billion.
For information regarding the issuances and redemption of our unsecured debt and our unsecured corporate revolver, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Securitization Transaction Completed - OMFIT 2024-1
For information regarding the issuances of our secured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Appointments of Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”)
On February 13, 2024, the Company announced the appointments of Micah R. Conrad as Executive Vice President (“EVP”) and COO and Jeannette E. Osterhout as EVP and CFO, effective March 31, 2024. Mr. Conrad served as the Company’s EVP and CFO since March 2019 and succeeded Rajive Chadha. In connection with Mr. Conrad’s appointment as COO, Ms. Osterhout assumed the role of CFO. Ms. Osterhout served as the Company’s EVP and Chief Strategy Officer since November 2020.
Appointments of OMFC’s President and CEO and COO
Effective March 31, 2024, OMFC’s Board of Directors appointed Ms. Osterhout as OMFC’s President and CEO and elected Mr. Conrad as EVP and COO. Ms. Osterhout succeeded Mr. Conrad’s former position as President and CEO of OMFC and Mr. Conrad succeeded Mr. Chadha as EVP and COO of OMFC.
Resignation of a Member of the OMH Board of Directors
On September 17, 2024, Aneek S. Mamik resigned from the OMH Board of Directors.
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Cash Dividends to OMH’s Common Stockholders
For information regarding the quarterly dividends declared by OMH, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
OUTLOOK
We actively monitor the current macroeconomic environment and remain prepared for any developments that may impact our business. Our financial condition and results of operations could be affected by macroeconomic conditions, including changes in unemployment, inflation, interest rates, consumer confidence, and geopolitical actions outside of the U.S. We incorporate updates to our macroeconomic assumptions, as necessary, which could lead to adjustments in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Our experienced management team remains focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet with a long liquidity runway and adequate capital while maintaining a conservative and disciplined underwriting model. We believe we are well positioned to serve our customers and execute on our strategic priorities, including:
•striving to be the lender of choice for nonprime consumers and improve their financial well-being;
•continuing to expand our product offerings and grow our receivables;
•maintaining a rigorous focus on maximizing returns while minimizing credit risk;
•leveraging our scale and cost discipline across the Company to deliver improved operating leverage; and
•maintaining a strong liquidity level with diversified funding sources.
We believe our commitment to closely monitor the macroeconomic environment, retain disciplined underwriting, drive strategic growth initiatives, and attract and retain top talent strengthens our ability to navigate challenges and seize opportunities. With a robust balance sheet and a focus on our key initiatives, we are confident in our ability to increase shareholder value and remain resilient and adaptable to navigate an ever-evolving economic, social, political, and regulatory landscape.
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Results of Operations
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relates only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information.
OMH’S CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
The following table below presents OMH’s consolidated operating results and selected financial statistics. A further discussion of OMH’s operating results for our operating segment is provided under “Segment Results” below.
| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,993 | $ | 4,564 | $ | 4,435 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,185 | 1,019 | 892 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 2,040 | 1,721 | 1,402 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 1,768 | 1,824 | 2,141 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 695 | 735 | 629 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,796 | 1,719 | 1,615 | ||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 667 | 840 | 1,155 | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 158 | 199 | 283 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 509 | $ | 641 | $ | 872 | |||||||||
| Share Data: | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 4.24 | $ | 5.32 | $ | 7.01 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 23,554 | $ | 21,349 | $ | 19,986 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 22,395 | $ | 20,527 | $ | 19,440 | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio (b) | 9.49 | % | 8.74 | % | 7.40 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.38) | % | (1.26) | % | (1.29) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio (b) | 8.12 | % | 7.48 | % | 6.10 | % |
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| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics, continued (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 20,833 | $ | 20,274 | $ | 19,497 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 12,246 | $ | 12,296 | $ | 13,525 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,375,138 | 2,361,026 | 2,305,676 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,171,271 | 1,224,362 | 1,342,276 | ||||||||||||
| Auto finance: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 2,078 | $ | 745 | $ | 382 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 1,075 | $ | 555 | $ | 354 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 126,518 | 54,032 | 28,421 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 53,222 | 34,451 | 23,713 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 22,911 | $ | 21,019 | $ | 19,879 | |||||||||
| Yield | 22.23 | % | 22.20 | % | 22.78 | % | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 13,321 | $ | 12,851 | $ | 13,879 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,501,656 | 2,415,058 | 2,334,097 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,224,493 | 1,258,813 | 1,365,989 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio (b) | 7.95 | % | 7.42 | % | 6.09 | % | |||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 3.23 | % | 3.28 | % | 3.07 | % | |||||||||
| Credit cards: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 643 | $ | 330 | $ | 107 | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 892 | $ | 442 | $ | 172 | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 782,932 | 430,784 | 135,335 | ||||||||||||
| Debt balances: | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt balance | $ | 21,438 | $ | 19,813 | $ | 18,281 | |||||||||
| Average daily debt balance | $ | 20,748 | $ | 19,047 | $ | 17,854 |
(a) See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
(b) The calculation for the year ended December 31, 2024 has been adjusted for policy alignment associated with the Foursight Acquisition.
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Comparison of Consolidated Results for Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Interest income increased $429 million or 9% in 2024 when compared to 2023 due to growth in average net receivables.
Interest expense increased $166 million or 16% in 2024 when compared to 2023 due to an increase in average debt to support our receivables growth and a higher average cost of funds.
Provision for finance receivable losses increased $319 million or 19% in 2024 when compared to 2023 related to growth in our receivables, higher net charge-offs, and the additional build associated with the loans acquired in the Foursight Acquisition. The increases were partially offset by a lower build in the allowance for finance receivable losses in the current year due to improved credit performance.
Other revenues decreased $40 million or 5% in 2024 when compared to 2023 due to a lower gain on sales of finance receivables, a net loss on the repurchase and repayment of debt in the current period, and a decrease in investment revenue due to lower average corporate cash balances, partially offset by an increase in credit card revenue from growth in receivables and higher servicing revenue associated with our whole loan sale program.
Other expenses increased $77 million or 5% in 2024 when compared to 2023 driven by an increase in general operating expenses due to our strategic investments in the business, including the Foursight Acquisition and growth in our receivables, and restructuring charges in the current period associated with strategic cost-savings initiatives. The increase was partially offset by regulatory settlements in the prior period.
Income taxes decreased $41 million or 20% in 2024 when compared to 2023 due to lower pretax income.
See Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on effective tax rates.
Comparison of Consolidated Results for 2023 and 2022
For a comparison of OMH's results of operation for the years ended 2023 and 2022, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—OMH’s Consolidated Results” in Part II - Item 7 of OMH’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 13, 2024.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Management uses C&I adjusted pretax income (loss), a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) represents income (loss) before income taxes on a Segment Accounting Basis and excludes net gain or loss resulting from repurchases and repayments of debt, restructuring charges, acquisition-related transaction and integration expenses, regulatory settlements, and other items and strategic activities. Management believes C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) is useful in assessing the profitability of our segment.
Management also uses C&I pretax capital generation, a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. This measure represents C&I adjusted pretax income as discussed above and excludes the change in our C&I allowance for finance receivable losses in the period while still considering the C&I net charge-offs incurred during the period. Management believes that C&I pretax capital generation is useful in assessing the capital created in the period impacting the overall capital adequacy of the Company. Management believes that the Company’s reserves, combined with its equity, represent the Company’s loss absorption capacity.
Management utilizes both C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and C&I pretax capital generation in evaluating our performance. Additionally, both of these non-GAAP measures are consistent with the performance goals established in OMH’s executive compensation program. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and C&I pretax capital generation are non-GAAP financial measures and should be considered supplemental to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, income (loss) before income taxes, net income, or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.
OMH’s reconciliations of income before income tax expense on a Segment Accounting Basis to C&I adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) and C&I pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes - Segment Accounting Basis | $ | 707 | $ | 845 | $ | 1,169 | |||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss on repurchases and repayments of debt | 33 | — | 26 | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | 29 | — | 7 | ||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related transaction and integration expenses | 9 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Regulatory settlements | — | 26 | — | ||||||||||||
| Other | 4 | 3 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | 782 | 874 | 1,206 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,981 | 1,721 | 1,399 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | (1,849) | (1,536) | (1,186) | ||||||||||||
| Pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) | $ | 914 | $ | 1,059 | $ | 1,419 |
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Segment Results
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relate only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information.
See Note 18 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for a description of our segment and methodologies used to allocate revenues and expenses to our C&I segment and for reconciliations of segment total to consolidated financial statement amounts.
CONSUMER AND INSURANCE
The following table below presents OMH’s adjusted pretax income and selected financial statistics for C&I on an adjusted Segment Accounting Basis.
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,965 | $ | 4,559 | $ | 4,429 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,181 | 1,015 | 886 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,981 | 1,721 | 1,399 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 1,803 | 1,823 | 2,144 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 722 | 727 | 644 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,743 | 1,676 | 1,582 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | $ | 782 | $ | 874 | $ | 1,206 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 23,598 | $ | 21,349 | $ | 19,987 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 22,440 | $ | 20,528 | $ | 19,442 | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio (b) | 9.49 | % | 8.74 | % | 7.40 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.37) | % | (1.26) | % | (1.29) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio (b) | 8.11 | % | 7.48 | % | 6.10 | % |
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| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics, continued (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 20,833 | $ | 20,274 | $ | 19,498 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 12,246 | $ | 12,296 | $ | 13,525 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,375,138 | 2,361,026 | 2,305,676 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,171,271 | 1,224,362 | 1,342,276 | ||||||||||||
| Auto finance: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 2,122 | $ | 745 | $ | 382 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 1,075 | $ | 555 | $ | 354 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 126,518 | 54,032 | 28,421 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 53,222 | 34,451 | 23,713 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 22,955 | $ | 21,019 | $ | 19,880 | |||||||||
| Yield | 22.07 | % | 22.20 | % | 22.77 | % | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 13,321 | $ | 12,851 | $ | 13,879 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,501,656 | 2,415,058 | 2,334,097 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,224,493 | 1,258,813 | 1,365,989 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio (b) | 7.94 | % | 7.42 | % | 6.09 | % | |||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 3.24 | % | 3.28 | % | 3.07 | % | |||||||||
| Credit cards: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 643 | $ | 330 | $ | 107 | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 892 | $ | 442 | $ | 172 | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 782,932 | 430,784 | 135,335 |
(a) See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
(b) The calculation for the year ended December 31, 2024 has been adjusted for policy alignment associated with the Foursight Acquisition.
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Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023
Interest income increased $406 million or 9% in 2024 when compared to 2023 due to growth in average net receivables.
Interest expense increased $166 million or 16% in 2024 when compared to 2023 due to an increase in average debt to support our receivables growth and a higher average cost of funds.
Provision for finance receivable losses increased $260 million or 15% in 2024 when compared to 2023 related to growth in our receivables and higher net charge-offs. The increase was partially offset by a lower build in the allowance for finance receivable losses in the current year due to improved credit performance.
Other revenues remained consistent in 2024 when compared to 2023 as a lower gain on sales of finance receivables and a decrease in investment revenue due to lower average corporate cash balances were offset by an increase in credit card revenue from growth in receivables and higher servicing revenue associated with our whole loan sale program.
Other expenses increased $67 million or 4% in 2024 when compared to 2023 driven by an increase in general operating expenses due to our strategic investments in the business, including the Foursight Acquisition and growth in our receivables.
Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for 2023 and 2022
For a comparison of OMH's adjusted pretax income for C&I for the years ended 2023 and 2022, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—OMH’s Consolidated Results” in Part II -Item 7 of OMH’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 13, 2024
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Credit Quality
FINANCE RECEIVABLES
Our net finance receivables, consisting of consumer loans and credit cards, were $23.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and $21.3 billion at December 31, 2023. We consider the delinquency status of our finance receivables as our key credit quality indicator. We monitor the delinquency of our finance receivable portfolio, including the migration between the delinquency buckets and changes in the delinquency trends to manage our exposure to credit risk in the portfolio. Our branch and central operation team members work closely with customers as necessary and offer a variety of borrower assistance programs to help support our customers.
DELINQUENCY
We monitor delinquency trends to evaluate the risk of future credit losses and employ advanced analytical tools to manage performance. Team members are actively engaged in collection activities throughout the early stages of delinquency. We closely track and report the percentage of receivables that are contractually 30-89 days past due as a benchmark of portfolio quality, collections effectiveness, and as a strong indicator of losses in coming quarters.
When consumer loans are contractually 60 days past due, we consider these accounts to be at an increased risk for loss and move collection of these accounts to our central collection operations. Use of our central operations teams for managing late-stage delinquency allows us to apply more advanced collection techniques and tools to drive credit performance and operational efficiencies.
We consider our consumer loans to be nonperforming at 90 days contractually past due, at which point we stop accruing finance charges and reverse finance charges previously accrued. For credit cards, we accrue finance charges and fees until charge-off at 180 days contractually past due, at which point we reverse finance charges and fees previously accrued.
The delinquency information for net finance receivables on a Segment Accounting Basis was as follows:
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (dollars in millions) | Consumer Loans | Credit Cards | |||||
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 21,633 | $ | 558 | |||
| 30-89 days past due | 743 | 37 | |||||
| 90+ days past due | 579 | 48 | |||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 22,955 | $ | 643 | |||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 3.24 | % | 5.78 | % | |||
| 30+ days past due | 5.76 | % | 13.26 | % | |||
| 90+ days past due | 2.52 | % | 7.47 | % | |||
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 19,725 | $ | 297 | |||
| 30-89 days past due | 689 | 16 | |||||
| 90+ days past due | 605 | 17 | |||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 21,019 | $ | 330 | |||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 3.28 | % | 4.93 | % | |||
| 30+ days past due | 6.16 | % | 9.96 | % | |||
| 90+ days past due | 2.88 | % | 5.03 | % |
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ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES
We estimate and record an allowance for finance receivable losses to cover the expected lifetime credit losses on our finance receivables. Our allowance for finance receivable losses may fluctuate based upon changes in portfolio growth, credit quality, and economic conditions.
Our methodology to estimate expected credit losses uses recent macroeconomic forecasts, which include forecasts for unemployment. We leverage projections from various industry leading providers. We also consider inflationary pressures, consumer confidence levels, and interest rate increases that may continue to impact the economic outlook. At December 31, 2024, our economic forecast used a reasonable and supportable period of 12 months. We may experience further changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | Consumer and Insurance | Segment to GAAP Adjustment | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consumer Loans | Credit Cards | ||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,415 | $ | 65 | $ | — | $ | 2,480 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,832 | 149 | 59 | 2,040 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (2,080) | (78) | 3 | (2,155) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 307 | 2 | — | 309 | |||||||||||||
| Other (a) | 98 | — | (67) | 31 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,572 | $ | 138 | $ | (5) | $ | 2,705 | |||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 22,955 | $ | 643 | $ | (44) | $ | 23,554 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.20 | % | 21.44 | % | N/A | 11.48 | % | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,294 | $ | 21 | $ | (4) | $ | 2,311 | |||||||||
| Impact of adoption of ASU 2022-02 (b) | (20) | — | 4 | (16) | |||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,651 | 70 | — | 1,721 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,768) | (27) | — | (1,795) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 258 | 1 | — | 259 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,415 | $ | 65 | $ | — | $ | 2,480 | |||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 21,019 | $ | 330 | $ | — | $ | 21,349 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.49 | % | 19.61 | % | N/A | 11.62 | % | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,097 | $ | 5 | $ | (7) | $ | 2,095 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,376 | 23 | 3 | 1,402 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,431) | (7) | — | (1,438) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 252 | — | — | 252 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,294 | $ | 21 | $ | (4) | $ | 2,311 | |||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,880 | $ | 107 | $ | (1) | $ | 19,986 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.54 | % | 19.12 | % | N/A | 11.56 | % |
(a) Represents allowance for finance receivable losses recognized on loans acquired in the Foursight Acquisition. See Note 4 for additional information.
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(b) As a result of the adoption of ASU 2022-02, we recorded a one-time adjustment to the allowance for finance receivable losses. See Notes 3, 4, and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 of OMH’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 13, 2024 for additional information on the adoption of ASU 2022-02.
The current delinquency status of our finance receivable portfolio, inclusive of recent borrower performance and loss performance, volume of our modified finance receivable activity, level and recoverability of collateral securing our finance receivable portfolio, portfolio mix, and the reasonable and supportable forecast of economic conditions are the primary drivers that can cause fluctuations in our allowance ratio from period to period. We monitor the allowance ratio to ensure we have a sufficient level of allowance for finance receivable losses based on the estimated lifetime expected credit losses in our finance receivable portfolio. The allowance for finance receivable losses as a percentage of net finance receivables decreased from the prior year period primarily due to an improvement in credit performance and change in the portfolio mix. See Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for more information about the changes in the allowance for finance receivable losses.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
SOURCES AND USES OF FUNDS
We finance the majority of our operating liquidity and capital needs through a combination of cash flows from operations, secured debt, unsecured debt, borrowings from revolving conduit facilities and credit card revolving VFN facilities, whole loan sales, and equity. We may also utilize other sources in the future. As a holding company, all of the funds generated from our operations are earned by our operating subsidiaries. Our operating subsidiaries’ primary cash needs relate to funding our lending activities, our debt service obligations, our operating expenses, payment of insurance claims, and supporting strategic initiatives.
We have previously purchased portions of our unsecured indebtedness, and we may elect to purchase additional portions of our unsecured indebtedness or securitized borrowings in the future. Future purchases may be made through the open market, privately negotiated transactions with third parties, or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers, all of which are subject to terms, prices, and consideration we may determine at our discretion.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, OMH generated net income of $509 million. OMH’s net cash outflow from operating and investing activities totaled $567 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024, our scheduled interest payments for 2025 totaled $591 million and there were no scheduled principal payments for 2025 on our existing unsecured debt. As of December 31, 2024, we had $9.7 billion of unencumbered receivables.
Based on our estimates and considering the risks and uncertainties of our plans, we believe that we will have adequate liquidity to finance and operate our businesses and repay our obligations as they become due.
OMFC’s Issuances, Redemptions, and Repurchases of Unsecured Debt
On May 22, 2024, OMFC issued a total of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 7.500% Senior Notes due 2031 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Seventeenth Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
On June 10, 2024, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $1.0 billion, inclusive of accrued interest and premium, to complete the redemption of its 6.875% Senior Notes due 2025.
On August 19, 2024, OMFC issued a Social Bond offering for a total of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 7.125% Senior Notes due 2031 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Eighteenth Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis. OMFC allocates an amount equivalent to the net proceeds from the offering to finance or refinance, in part or in full, a portfolio of new or existing loans that meet the eligibility criteria of OneMain’s Social Bond Framework.
On November 4, 2024, OMFC issued a total of $900 million aggregate principal amount of 6.625% Senior Notes due 2029 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Nineteenth Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
From time to time we may purchase portions of our unsecured indebtedness through the open market. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we repurchased $589 million of our unsecured notes.
OMFC’s Unsecured Corporate Revolver
At December 31, 2024, the borrowing capacity of our corporate revolver was $1.1 billion.
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Securitizations, Revolving Conduit Facilities, and Credit Card Revolving VFN Facilities
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we completed one new consumer loan securitization (OMFIT 2024-1, see “Securitized Borrowings” below) and redeemed one consumer loan securitization (FCRT 2021-1, see “Securitized Borrowings” below). During the year ended December 31, 2024, we entered into three new revolving conduit facilities, terminated one revolving conduit facility, and, pursuant to an amendment, converted one revolving conduit facility to a private secured term funding facility. At December 31, 2024, the borrowing capacity of our revolving conduit facilities was $6.0 billion. At December 31, 2024, we had $13.5 billion of consumer loan gross finance receivables pledged as collateral for our securitizations, revolving conduit facilities, and private secured term funding facilities.
Subsequent to December 31, 2024, we issued $900 million principal amount of notes backed by secured consumer loans (“ODART 2025-1”). ODART 2025-1 has a revolving period of five years, during which time no principal payments are required to be made.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we entered into two credit card revolving VFN facilities. At December 31, 2024, the borrowing capacity of our credit card revolving VFN facilities was $300 million. At December 31, 2024, we had $315 million of credit card principal balances held in OneMain Financial Credit Card Trust (“OMFCT”) for our credit card revolving VFN facilities.
Private Secured Term Funding Facilities
At December 31, 2024, the maximum borrowing capacity of $725 million was outstanding under the private secured term funding facilities. These facilities contain terms during which no principal payments are required, followed by subsequent amortization periods, which upon expiration the outstanding principal is due and payable.
See Notes 9 and 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, private secured term funding facilities, revolving conduit facilities, and credit card revolving VFN facilities.
Credit Ratings
Our credit ratings impact our ability to access capital markets and our borrowing costs. Rating agencies base their ratings on numerous factors, including liquidity, capital adequacy, asset quality, quality of earnings, and the probability of systemic support. Significant changes in these factors could result in different ratings.
The table below outlines OMFC’s long-term corporate debt ratings and outlook by rating agencies:
| As of December 31, 2024 | Rating | Outlook | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S&P | BB | Stable | ||
| Moody’s | Ba2 | Stable | ||
| KBRA | BB+ | Stable |
Currently, no other entity has a corporate debt rating, though they may be rated in the future.
Stock Repurchased
During the year ended December 31, 2024, OMH repurchased 755,274 shares of its common stock through its stock repurchase program for an aggregate total of $35 million, including commissions and fees. As of December 31, 2024, OMH held a total of 16,060,384 shares of treasury stock. To provide funding for the OMH stock repurchases, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized dividend payments in the amount of $65 million.
For additional information regarding the shares repurchased, see Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities of Part II included in this report.
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Cash Dividend to OMH’s Common Stockholders
As of December 31, 2024, the dividend declarations for the current year by the Board were as follows:
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Payment Date | Dividend Per Share | Amount Paid | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| February 7, 2024 | February 20, 2024 | February 23, 2024 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 120 | ||||||
| April 30, 2024 | May 10, 2024 | May 17, 2024 | 1.04 | 125 | ||||||||
| July 31, 2024 | August 12, 2024 | August 16, 2024 | 1.04 | 125 | ||||||||
| October 30, 2024 | November 12, 2024 | November 18, 2024 | 1.04 | 124 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 4.12 | $ | 494 |
To provide funding for the dividend, OMFC paid dividends of $489 million to OMH during the year ended December 31, 2024.
On January 31, 2025, OMH declared a dividend of $1.04 per share payable on February 20, 2025 to record holders of OMH’s common stock as of the close of business on February 12, 2025. To provide funding for the OMH dividend, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized a dividend in the amount of up to $125 million payable on or after February 18, 2025.
While OMH intends to pay its minimum quarterly dividend, currently $1.04 per share, for the foreseeable future, all subsequent dividends will be reviewed and declared at the discretion of the Board and will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applicable to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that the Board deems relevant. OMH’s dividend payments may change from time to time, and the Board may choose not to continue to declare dividends in the future. See our “Dividend Policy” in Part II - Item 5 of this report for further information.
Whole Loan Sale Transactions
We have whole loan sale flow agreements with third parties, with current terms of less than one year, in which we agreed to sell a remaining total of $900 million gross receivables of newly originated unsecured personal loans along with any associated accrued interest.
During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold a total of $542 million of gross finance receivables compared to $585 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information on the whole loan sale transactions.
LIQUIDITY
OMH’s Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations of $2.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 reflected net income of $509 million, the impact of non-cash items including provision for finance receivable losses of $2.0 billion, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $125 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflected net income of $641 million, the impact of non-cash items including provision for finance receivable losses of $1.7 billion, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $44 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022 reflected net income of $872 million, the impact of non-cash items including provision for finance receivable losses of $1.4 billion, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $82 million.
OMH’s Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities of $3.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 was due to net principal originations and purchases of finance receivables, purchases of available-for-sale and other securities, and the Foursight Acquisition, partially offset by the proceeds from sales of finance receivables and calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities. Net cash used for investing activities of $2.9 billion and $2.1 billion for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was due to net principal originations and purchases of finance receivables and purchases of available-for-sale and other securities, partially offset by the proceeds from sales of finance receivables and calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities.
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OMH’s Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $161 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 was due to the issuances and borrowings of long-term debt, partially offset by repayments and repurchases of long-term debt, cash dividends paid, and common stock repurchased. Net cash provided by financing activities of $932 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 was due to the issuance and borrowings of long-term debt, partially offset by repayments and repurchases of long-term debt and cash dividends paid. Net cash used for financing activities of $326 million was due to repayments and repurchases of long-term debt, cash dividends paid, and the cash paid to repurchase common stock, partially offset by the issuance and borrowings of long-term debt.
OMH’s Cash and Investments
At December 31, 2024, we had $458 million of cash and cash equivalents, which included $123 million of cash and cash equivalents held at our regulated insurance subsidiaries or for other operating activities that is unavailable for general corporate purposes.
At December 31, 2024, we had $1.6 billion of investment securities, which are all held as part of our insurance operations and are unavailable for general corporate purposes.
Liquidity Risks and Strategies
OMFC’s credit ratings are non-investment grade, which has a significant impact on our cost and access to capital. This, in turn, can negatively affect our ability to manage our liquidity and our ability or cost to refinance our indebtedness.
There are numerous risks to our financial results, liquidity, capital raising, and debt refinancing plans, some of which may not be quantified in our current liquidity forecasts. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
•our inability to grow or maintain our consumer loan and credit card portfolios with adequate profitability;
•the effect of federal, state and local laws, regulations, or regulatory policies and practices;
•effects of ratings downgrades on our secured or unsecured debt;
•potential liability relating to real estate and consumer loans which we have sold or may sell in the future, or relating to securitized loans; and
•the potential for disruptions in the debt and equity markets.
The principal factors that could decrease our liquidity are customer delinquencies and defaults, a decline in customer prepayments, rising interest rates, and a prolonged inability to adequately access capital market funding. We intend to support our liquidity position by utilizing some or all of the following strategies:
•maintaining disciplined underwriting standards and pricing for loans we originate or purchase and managing purchases of finance receivables;
•pursuing additional debt financings (including new secured and unsecured debt issuances, debt refinancing transactions, unsecured corporate revolvers, revolving conduit facilities, and credit card revolving VFN facilities), or a combination of the foregoing;
•purchasing portions of our outstanding indebtedness through open market or privately negotiated transactions with third parties or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers or otherwise, upon such terms and at such prices, as well as with such consideration, as we may determine; and
•obtaining new and extending existing secured revolving facilities and credit card revolving VFN facilities to provide committed liquidity in case of prolonged market fluctuations.
However, it is possible that the actual outcome of one or more of our plans could be materially different than expected or that one or more of our significant judgments or estimates could prove to be materially incorrect.
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OUR INSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to state regulations that limit their ability to pay dividends. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 included in this report for further information on these state restrictions and the dividends paid by our insurance subsidiaries from 2022 to 2024.
OUR DEBT AGREEMENTS
The debt agreements which OMFC and its subsidiaries are a party to include customary terms and conditions, including covenants and representations and warranties. See Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 included in this report for more information on the restrictive covenants under OMFC’s debt agreements, as well as the guarantees of OMFC’s long-term debt.
Securitized Borrowings
We execute private securitizations under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As of December 31, 2024, our structured financings consisted of the following:
| (dollars in millions) | Issue Amount (a) | Initial Collateral Balance | Current Note Amounts Outstanding (a) | Current Collateral Balance (b) | Current Weighted Average Interest Rate | Original Revolving Period | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMFIT 2018-2 | $ | 368 | $ | 381 | $ | 80 | $ | 108 | 4.77 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-2 | 900 | 947 | 900 | 995 | 3.30 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-A | 789 | 892 | 750 | 892 | 3.78 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2020-2 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 2.03 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2021-1 | 850 | 904 | 850 | 904 | 2.64 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-S1 | 600 | 652 | 600 | 652 | 4.31 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-2 | 1,000 | 1,099 | 868 | 917 | 5.22 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-3 | 979 | 1,090 | 796 | 1,059 | 6.00 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2023-1 | 825 | 920 | 825 | 920 | 5.82 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2023-2 | 1,400 | 1,566 | 1,400 | 1,566 | 6.21 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2024-1 | 1,100 | 1,222 | 1,100 | 1,222 | 5.99 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2019-1 | 737 | 750 | 394 | 436 | 3.92 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2021-1 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 453 | 465 | 1.11 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2022-1 | 600 | 632 | 430 | 437 | 5.05 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2023-1 | 750 | 792 | 750 | 792 | 5.63 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2021-2 (c) | 280 | 281 | 48 | 47 | 2.30 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2022-1 (c) | 293 | 294 | 72 | 70 | 2.99 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2022-2 (c) | 215 | 233 | 57 | 75 | 5.91 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2023-1 (c) | 182 | 199 | 77 | 94 | 5.89 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2023-2 (c) | 200 | 208 | 111 | 119 | 6.48 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| FCRT 2024-1 (c) | 210 | 214 | 142 | 148 | 6.08 | % | N/A | ||||||||||||||
| Total securitizations | $ | 14,278 | $ | 15,382 | $ | 11,703 | $ | 12,971 |
(a) Issue Amount includes the retained interest amounts as applicable and the Current Note Amounts Outstanding balances reflect pay-downs subsequent to note issuance and exclude retained interest amounts.
(b) Inclusive of in-process replenishments of collateral for securitized borrowings in a revolving status as of December 31, 2024.
(c) On April 1, 2024, we assumed the following securitizations as part of the Foursight Acquisition. See Note 4 for additional information.
See “Liquidity and Capital Resources - Sources and Uses of Funds - Securitizations, Revolving Conduit Facilities, and Credit Card Revolving VFN Facilities” above for information on the securitization transaction completed subsequent to December 31, 2024.
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Revolving Conduit Facilities
We had access to 17 revolving conduit facilities with a total borrowing capacity of $6.0 billion as of December 31, 2024:
| (dollars in millions) | Advance Maximum Balance | Amount Drawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OneMain Financial Funding VII, LLC | $ | 600 | $ | — | |||
| OneMain Financial Auto Funding I, LLC | 550 | — | |||||
| Hudson River Funding, LLC | 500 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding XI, LLC | 425 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding VIII, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| River Thames Funding, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding X, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding XII, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| Mystic River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Thayer Brook Funding, LLC | 350 | 1 | |||||
| Columbia River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Hubbard River Funding, LLC | 250 | — | |||||
| New River Funding Trust | 250 | — | |||||
| St. Lawrence River Funding, LLC | 250 | — | |||||
| OneMain Foursight Auto I, LLC | 175 | — | |||||
| OneMain Foursight Auto II, LLC | 175 | — | |||||
| OneMain Foursight Auto III, LLC | 175 | — | |||||
| Total | $ | 6,000 | $ | 1 |
Credit Card Revolving VFN Facilities
We also had access to two credit card revolving VFN facilities with a total borrowing capacity of $300 million as of December 31, 2024:
| (dollars in millions) | Advance Maximum Balance | Amount Drawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OneMain Financial Credit Card Trust – Series 2024-VFN1 | $ | 150 | $ | — | |||
| OneMain Financial Credit Card Trust – Series 2024-VFN2 | 150 | — | |||||
| Total | $ | 300 | $ | — |
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Contractual Obligations
At December 31, 2024, our material contractual obligations were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | 2025 | 2026-2027 | 2028-2029 | 2030+ | Securitizations | Private Secured Term Funding Facilities | Revolving Conduit Facilities | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principal maturities on long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitization debt (a) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,703 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,703 | |||||||||||||||
| Medium-term notes | — | 2,179 | 3,739 | 3,042 | — | — | — | 8,960 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debt | — | — | — | 350 | — | — | — | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private secured term funding facilities (a) | — | — | — | — | — | 725 | — | 725 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revolving conduit facilities (a) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total principal maturities | — | 2,179 | 3,739 | 3,392 | 11,703 | 725 | 1 | 21,739 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payments on debt (b) | 591 | 1,011 | 759 | 1,076 | 1,495 | 125 | — | 5,057 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 591 | $ | 3,190 | $ | 4,498 | $ | 4,468 | $ | 13,198 | $ | 850 | $ | 1 | $ | 26,796 |
(a) Securitizations, private secured term funding facilities, and borrowings under revolving conduit facilities are not included in maturities by period due to their variable monthly payments.
(b) Future interest payments on floating-rate debt are estimated based upon rates in effect at December 31, 2024.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by SEC rules, and we had no material off-balance sheet exposure to losses associated with unconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We consider the following policies to be our most critical accounting policies because they involve critical accounting estimates and a significant degree of management judgment:
ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES - CONSUMER LOANS
We estimate the expected credit losses on our finance receivables over their expected lives based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of collectability. No new volume is assumed. Loan renewals are a significant piece of our new volume and are considered a terminal event of the previous loan. For our consumer loans, we have elected not to measure an allowance on accrued finance charges as it is our policy to reverse finance charges previously accrued after four contractual payments become past due.
Our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses is primarily based on historical loss experience using a cumulative loss model applied to our consumer loan portfolios. Our gross credit loss expectation is offset by the estimate of future recoveries using historical recovery curves. Our consumer loans are primarily segmented in the loss model by contractual delinquency status. Other attributes in the model include loan modification status, collateral mix, and recent credit score. To estimate the gross credit losses, the model utilizes a roll rate matrix to project the first 12 months of losses and historical cohort performance to project the expected losses over the remaining term. Our methodology relies on historical loss experience to forecast the corresponding future outcomes. These patterns are then applied to the current portfolio to obtain an estimate of future losses.
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Management exercises its judgment when determining the amount of allowance for finance receivable losses. Our judgment is based on quantitative analyses, qualitative factors, such as recent portfolio, industry, and other economic trends, and experience in the consumer finance industry. We may adjust the amounts determined by our model for management’s estimate of the effects of model imprecision, which include but are not limited to, any changes to underwriting criteria and portfolio seasoning.
Forecasting macroeconomic conditions requires significant judgment and involves estimation uncertainty. We consider key economic factors, most notably unemployment rates, to incorporate into our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses. Our macroeconomic forecast considers various scenarios of economic projections from industry leading forecast providers and extends over our reasonable and supportable forecast period, after which we revert to a historical average.
Due to the judgment and uncertainty in estimating the expected credit losses, we may experience changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Macroeconomic Sensitivity
To demonstrate the sensitivity of forecasting macroeconomic conditions, we compared the output of our model using a baseline scenario to that of a downside scenario. As of December 31, 2024, the impact of a ten percentage point increase in weighting towards a downside scenario increased the estimate by approximately $28 million.
The macroeconomic scenarios are highly influenced by the timing, severity, and duration of changes in the underlying economic factors. This makes it difficult to estimate how potential changes in economic factors affect the estimated credit losses. Therefore, this hypothetical analysis is not intended to represent our expectation of changes in our estimate of expected credit losses due to a change in the macroeconomic environment, nor does it consider management’s judgment of other quantitative and qualitative information which could increase or decrease the estimate.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Seasonality
Our consumer loan volume and demand are generally lowest during the first quarter of the year following the holiday season and as a result of tax refunds, and then increases through the end of the year. Delinquencies follow similar trends, being generally lower during the first quarter of the year and rising throughout the remainder of the year. These seasonal trends contribute to fluctuations in our operating results and cash needs throughout the year.
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FY 2023 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001584207-24-000005.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of OMH's financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risk, uncertainties, and assumptions. See “Forward-Looking Statements” included in this report for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” included in this report.
An index to our management’s discussion and analysis follows:
| Topic | Page | |
|---|---|---|
| Overview | 39 | |
| Recent Developments and Outlook | 41 | |
| Results of Operations | 43 | |
| Segment Results | 46 | |
| Credit Quality | 48 | |
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 50 | |
| Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 56 | |
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 57 | |
| Seasonality | 57 |
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Overview
We operate in the United States and market our personal loans in 44 states. We service the loans that we originate and retain on our balance sheet, as well as loans owned by third parties on their behalf in connection with our whole loan sale program and legacy businesses. In connection with our offerings, our insurance subsidiaries offer our personal loan customers optional credit and non-credit insurance and other optional products. We also offer two credit cards, BrightWay and BrightWay+, which are designed to reward customers for responsible credit activity, such as consistent on-time payments. We strive to meet our customers at their preferred channel and to deliver a seamless customer experience through our digital platforms, distribution partnerships, or working with our expert team members at our approximately 1,400 locations. Our personal loans, credit cards, and other products help customers meet everyday needs and take steps to improve their financial well-being.
OUR PRODUCTS
Our product offerings include:
•Personal Loans — We offer personal loans through our branch network, central operations, auto dealership network, and our website, www.onemainfinancial.com, to customers who need timely access to cash. Our personal loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, have fixed terms generally between three and six years, and are secured by automobiles, other titled collateral, or are unsecured. At December 31, 2023, we had approximately 2.4 million personal loans totaling $21.0 billion of net finance receivables, of which 50% were secured by titled property, compared to approximately 2.3 million personal loans totaling $19.9 billion of net finance receivables, of which 52% were secured by titled property at December 31, 2022. We also service personal loans for our whole loan sale partners.
•Credit Cards — BrightWay and BrightWay+ credit cards originate through a third-party bank partner from which we purchase the receivable balances. The credit cards are offered across our branch network, through direct mail, and through our digital affiliates. Credit cards are open-ended, revolving, with a fixed rate, and are unsecured. At December 31, 2023, we had approximately 431 thousand open credit card customer accounts, totaling $330 million of net finance receivables, compared to approximately 135 thousand open credit card customer accounts, totaling $107 million of net finance receivables at December 31, 2022.
•Optional Products — We offer our customers optional credit insurance products (life, disability, and involuntary unemployment insurance) and optional non-credit insurance products through both our branch network and our central operations. Credit insurance and non-credit insurance products are provided by our affiliated insurance companies. We offer Guaranteed Asset Protection (“GAP”) coverage as a waiver product or insurance. We also offer optional membership plans from an unaffiliated company.
OUR SEGMENT
At December 31, 2023, Consumer and Insurance (“C&I”) is our only reportable segment, which includes personal loans, credit cards, and optional products. At December 31, 2023, we had $22.2 billion of managed receivables due from approximately 3.0 million customer accounts, compared to $20.8 billion of managed receivables due from approximately 2.6 million customer accounts at December 31, 2022.
The remaining components (which we refer to as “Other”) consist of our liquidating SpringCastle Portfolio servicing activity and our non-originating legacy operations, which primarily include our liquidating real estate loans held for sale and reported in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for more information about our segment.
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HOW WE ASSESS OUR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
We closely monitor the primary drivers of pretax operating income, which consist of the following:
Interest Income
We track interest income, including certain fees earned on our finance receivables, and continually monitor the components that impact our yield. We include any late charges on loans that we have collected from customer payments in interest income.
Interest Expense
We track the interest expense incurred on our debt, along with amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts, and issuance costs, to monitor the components of our cost of funds. We expect interest expense to fluctuate based on changes in the secured versus unsecured mix of our debt, time to maturity, interest rates, and utilization of revolving conduit facilities.
Net Credit Losses
The credit quality of our loans is driven by our underwriting philosophy, which considers the prospective customer’s household budget, his or her willingness and capacity to repay, and the underlying collateral on the loan. We closely analyze credit performance because the profitability of our loan portfolio is directly connected to net credit losses. We define net credit losses as gross charge-offs minus recoveries in the portfolio. Additionally, because delinquencies are an early indicator of future net credit losses, we analyze delinquency trends, adjusting for seasonality, to determine whether our loans are performing in line with our original estimates. We also monitor recovery rates because of their contribution to the reduction in the severity of our charge-offs.
Operating Expenses
We assess our operational efficiency using various metrics and conduct extensive analysis to determine whether fluctuations in cost and expense levels indicate operational trends that need to be addressed. Our operating expense analysis also includes a review of origination and servicing costs to assist us in managing overall profitability.
Finance Receivables Originations and Purchase Volume
Because volume and portfolio size determine the magnitude of the impact of each of the above factors on our earnings, we also closely monitor originations, purchase volume, and annual percentage rate.
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Recent Developments and Outlook
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Acquisition of Foursight Capital LLC
On November 21, 2023, we announced that we have entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Foursight Capital LLC (“Foursight”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. for a purchase price of $115 million in cash. Foursight is an automobile finance company that purchases and services automobile retail installment contracts. Contracts are sourced through an extensive network of auto dealers. We will acquire Foursight's approximately $900 million auto loan portfolio in the transaction, which is expected to close in the first quarter of 2024, subject to customary closing conditions and applicable regulatory approvals.
Issuances and Redemption of Unsecured Debt
Issuance of 9.00% Senior Notes Due 2029
On June 22, 2023, OMFC issued a total of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 9.00% Senior Notes due 2029. On November 14, 2023, OMFC issued a total of $400 million aggregate principal amount as an add-on to the 9.00% Senior Notes due 2029.
Issuance of 7.875% Senior Notes Due 2030
On December 13, 2023, OMFC issued a total of $700 million aggregate principal amount of 7.875% Senior Notes due 2030.
Redemption of 6.125% Senior Notes Due 2024
On September 18, 2023, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $558 million, inclusive of accrued interest, to complete a partial redemption of its 6.125% Senior Notes due 2024. On December 14, 2023, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $546 million, inclusive of accrued interest, to complete a full redemption.
For information regarding the issuances and redemption of our unsecured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Securitization Transactions Completed - ODART 2023-1, OMFIT 2023-1, and OMFIT 2023-2
For information regarding the issuances of our secured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Cash Dividends to OMH's Common Stockholders
For information regarding the quarterly dividends declared by OMH, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Regulatory Settlements
On May 24, 2023, we entered into a consent order with the NYDFS relating primarily to a past examination of our cybersecurity policies from 2017 to early 2020. Pursuant to the consent order, we agreed to pay a $4.25 million civil penalty and represent that certain improvements to our cybersecurity controls and procedures had previously been completed.
Additionally, on May 31, 2023, we entered into a consent order with the CFPB to resolve a previously disclosed investigation focused on certain refunding practices for optional insurance and membership plan products that were subsequently canceled by the consumer after purchase. Pursuant to the consent order, we agreed to issue $10 million in interest refunds to affected customers, pay a $10 million civil penalty and make certain other enhancements to our sales and refunding practices.
In agreeing to these two consent orders, we did not admit to any of the NYDFS’ or the CFPB’s factual findings or legal conclusions.
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OUTLOOK
We are actively monitoring the current macroeconomic environment, including geopolitical actions outside of the U.S., and remain prepared for any developments that may impact our business. Our financial condition and results of operations could be affected by macroeconomic conditions, including changes in unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and consumer confidence. We will continue to incorporate updates to our macroeconomic assumptions, as necessary, which could lead to further adjustments in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Our experienced management team remains focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet with a long liquidity runway and adequate capital while maintaining a conservative and disciplined underwriting model. We believe we are well positioned to serve our customers and execute on our strategic priorities, including:
•striving to be the lender of choice for nonprime consumers and improve their financial well-being;
•continuing to grow our receivables through new products and distribution channels;
•maintaining a rigorous underwriting standard with a goal of enhancing credit performance;
•leveraging our scale and cost discipline across the Company to deliver improved operating leverage; and
•maintaining a strong liquidity level with diversified funding sources.
We believe our commitment to closely monitor the macroeconomic environment, retain disciplined underwriting, drive strategic growth initiatives, and maintain a robust balance sheet strengthens our ability to navigate challenges and seize opportunities. As we pursue our key initiatives, we are confident in our ability to increase shareholder value and remain resilient and adaptable to navigate an ever-evolving economic, social, political, and regulatory landscape.
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Results of Operations
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relates only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information.
OMH'S CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
See the table below for OMH's consolidated operating results and selected financial statistics. A further discussion of OMH's operating results for our operating segment is provided under “Segment Results” below.
| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,564 | $ | 4,435 | $ | 4,364 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,019 | 892 | 937 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,721 | 1,402 | 593 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 1,824 | 2,141 | 2,834 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 735 | 629 | 531 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,719 | 1,615 | 1,624 | ||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 840 | 1,155 | 1,741 | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 199 | 283 | 427 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 641 | $ | 872 | $ | 1,314 | |||||||||
| Share Data: | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 5.32 | $ | 7.01 | $ | 9.88 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics * | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 21,349 | $ | 19,986 | $ | 19,212 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 20,527 | $ | 19,440 | $ | 18,281 | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio | 8.74 | % | 7.40 | % | 5.41 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.26) | % | (1.29) | % | (1.21) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio | 7.48 | % | 6.10 | % | 4.20 | % | |||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 21,019 | $ | 19,879 | $ | 19,187 | |||||||||
| Yield | 22.20 | % | 22.78 | % | 23.84 | % | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 12,851 | $ | 13,879 | $ | 13,825 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,415,058 | 2,334,097 | 2,336,845 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,258,813 | 1,365,989 | 1,388,123 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio | 7.42 | % | 6.09 | % | 4.20 | % | |||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 3.28 | % | 3.07 | % | 2.43 | % | |||||||||
| Credit cards: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 330 | $ | 107 | $ | 25 | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 442 | $ | 172 | $ | 26 | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 430,784 | 135,335 | 65,513 | ||||||||||||
| Debt balances: | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt balance | $ | 19,813 | $ | 18,281 | $ | 17,750 | |||||||||
| Average daily debt balance | $ | 19,047 | $ | 17,854 | $ | 17,441 |
* See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
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Comparison of Consolidated Results for 2023 and 2022
Interest income increased $129 million or 3% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to growth in average net receivables, partially offset by lower yield.
Interest expense increased $127 million or 14% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to a higher average cost of funds and an increase in average debt as we continue to grow the business.
Provision for finance receivable losses increased $319 million or 23% in 2023 when compared to 2022 driven by higher net charge-offs.
Other revenues increased $106 million or 17% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to an increase in investment revenue due to higher market rates compared to the prior year period and a net loss on the repurchase and repayment of debt in the prior year period.
Other expenses increased $104 million or 6% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to regulatory settlements in the current period, an increase in general operating expenses and salaries and benefits expense driven by our strategic investments in the business, as well as an increase in insurance policy and benefits claims expense largely driven by favorable claims experience in the prior period not present in the current period.
Income taxes decreased $84 million or 30% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to lower pretax income.
See Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information on income taxes.
Comparison of Consolidated Results for 2022 and 2021
For a comparison of OMH's results of operation for the years ended 2022 and 2021, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—OMH’s Consolidated Results” in Part II - Item 7 of OMH's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 10, 2023.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Management uses C&I adjusted pretax income (loss), a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) represents income (loss) before income taxes on a Segment Accounting Basis and excludes regulatory settlements, net gain or loss resulting from repurchases and repayments of debt, and other items and strategic activities, which include direct costs associated with COVID-19, restructuring charges, and the expense associated with cash-settled stock-based awards. Management believes C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) is useful in assessing the profitability of our segment.
Management also uses C&I pretax capital generation, a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. This measure represents C&I adjusted pretax income as discussed above and excludes the change in our C&I allowance for finance receivable losses in the period while still considering the C&I net charge-offs incurred during the period. Management believes that C&I pretax capital generation is useful in assessing the capital created in the period impacting the overall capital adequacy of the Company. Management believes that the Company’s reserves, combined with its equity, represent the Company’s loss absorption capacity.
Management utilizes both C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and C&I pretax capital generation in evaluating our performance. Additionally, both of these non-GAAP measures are consistent with the performance goals established in OMH’s executive compensation program. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and C&I pretax capital generation are non-GAAP financial measures and should be considered supplemental to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, income (loss) before income taxes, net income, or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.
OMH's reconciliations of income before income tax expense on a Segment Accounting Basis to C&I adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) and C&I pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years Ended December 31, | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes - Segment Accounting Basis | $ | 845 | $ | 1,169 | $ | 1,788 | |||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| Regulatory settlements | 26 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Net loss on repurchases and repayments of debt | — | 26 | 70 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 3 | 11 | 60 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | 874 | 1,206 | 1,918 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,721 | 1,399 | 587 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | (1,536) | (1,186) | (768) | ||||||||||||
| Pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,059 | $ | 1,419 | $ | 1,737 |
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Segment Results
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relate only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information.
See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for a description of our segment, methodologies used to allocate revenues and expenses to our C&I segment, and reconciliations of segment total to consolidated financial statement amounts.
CONSUMER AND INSURANCE
OMH's adjusted pretax income and selected financial statistics for C&I on an adjusted Segment Accounting Basis were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,559 | $ | 4,429 | $ | 4,355 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,015 | 886 | 930 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,721 | 1,399 | 587 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 1,823 | 2,144 | 2,838 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 727 | 644 | 597 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,676 | 1,582 | 1,517 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | $ | 874 | $ | 1,206 | $ | 1,918 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics * | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 21,349 | $ | 19,987 | $ | 19,215 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 20,528 | $ | 19,442 | $ | 18,286 | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio | 8.74 | % | 7.40 | % | 5.42 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.26) | % | (1.29) | % | (1.21) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio | 7.48 | % | 6.10 | % | 4.20 | % | |||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 21,019 | $ | 19,880 | $ | 19,190 | |||||||||
| Yield | 22.20 | % | 22.77 | % | 23.82 | % | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 12,851 | $ | 13,879 | $ | 13,825 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,415,058 | 2,334,097 | 2,336,845 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,258,813 | 1,365,989 | 1,388,123 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio | 7.42 | % | 6.09 | % | 4.20 | % | |||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 3.28 | % | 3.07 | % | 2.43 | % | |||||||||
| Credit cards: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 330 | $ | 107 | $ | 25 | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 442 | $ | 172 | $ | 26 | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 430,784 | 135,335 | 65,513 |
* See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
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Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Interest income increased $130 million or 3% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to growth in average net receivables, partially offset by lower yield.
Interest expense increased $129 million or 15% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to a higher average cost of funds and an increase in average debt as we continue to grow the business.
Provision for finance receivable losses increased $322 million or 23% in 2023 when compared to 2022 driven by higher net charge-offs.
Other revenues increased $83 million or 13% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to an increase in investment revenue due to higher market rates compared to the prior year period.
Other expenses increased $94 million or 6% in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to an increase in general operating expenses and salaries and benefits expense driven by our strategic investments in the business, as well as an increase in insurance policy benefits and claims expense largely driven by favorable claims experience in the prior period not present in the current period.
Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for 2022 and 2021
For a comparison of OMH's adjusted pretax income for C&I for the years ended 2022 and 2021, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—OMH’s Consolidated Results” in Part II -Item 7 of OMH's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 10, 2023.
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Credit Quality
FINANCE RECEIVABLES
Our net finance receivables, consisting of personal loans and credit cards, were $21.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and $20.0 billion at December 31, 2022. We consider the delinquency status of our finance receivables as our key credit quality indicator. We monitor the delinquency of our finance receivable portfolio, including the migration between the delinquency buckets and changes in the delinquency trends to manage our exposure to credit risk in the portfolio. Our branch and central operation team members work closely with customers as necessary and offer a variety of borrower assistance programs to help support our customers.
DELINQUENCY
We monitor delinquency trends to evaluate the risk of future credit losses and employ advanced analytical tools to manage performance. Team members are actively engaged in collection activities throughout the early stages of delinquency. We closely track and report the percentage of receivables that are contractually 30-89 days past due as a benchmark of portfolio quality, collections effectiveness, and as a strong indicator of losses in coming quarters.
When personal loans are contractually 60 days past due, we consider these accounts to be at an increased risk for loss and move collection of these accounts to our central collection operations. Use of our central operations teams for managing late-stage delinquency allows us to apply more advanced collection techniques and tools to drive credit performance and operational efficiencies.
We consider our personal loans to be nonperforming at 90 days contractually past due, at which point we stop accruing finance charges and reverse finance charges previously accrued. For credit cards, we accrue finance charges and fees until charge-off at 180 days contractually past due, at which point we reverse finance charges and fees previously accrued.
The delinquency information for net finance receivables on a Segment Accounting Basis was as follows:
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (dollars in millions) | Personal Loans | Credit Cards | |||||
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 19,725 | $ | 297 | |||
| 30-89 days past due | 689 | 16 | |||||
| 90+ days past due | 605 | 17 | |||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 21,019 | $ | 330 | |||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 3.28 | % | 4.93 | % | |||
| 30+ days past due | 6.16 | % | 9.96 | % | |||
| 90+ days past due | 2.88 | % | 5.03 | % | |||
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 18,726 | $ | 93 | |||
| 30-89 days past due | 610 | 6 | |||||
| 90+ days past due | 544 | 8 | |||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 19,880 | $ | 107 | |||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 3.07 | % | 5.90 | % | |||
| 30+ days past due | 5.80 | % | 13.08 | % | |||
| 90+ days past due | 2.74 | % | 7.18 | % |
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ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES
We estimate and record an allowance for finance receivable losses to cover the expected lifetime credit losses on our finance receivables. Our allowance for finance receivable losses may fluctuate based upon changes in portfolio growth, credit quality, and economic conditions.
Our methodology to estimate expected credit losses uses recent macroeconomic forecasts, which include forecasts for unemployment. We leverage projections from various industry leading providers. We also consider inflationary pressures, consumer confidence levels, and interest rate increases that may continue to impact the economic outlook. At December 31, 2023, our economic forecast used a reasonable and supportable period of 12 months. We may experience further changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | Consumer and Insurance | Segment to GAAP Adjustment | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal Loans | Credit Cards | ||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,294 | $ | 21 | $ | (4) | $ | 2,311 | |||||||||
| Impact of adoption of ASU 2022-02 (a) | (20) | — | 4 | (16) | |||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,651 | 70 | — | 1,721 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,768) | (27) | — | (1,795) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 258 | 1 | — | 259 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,415 | $ | 65 | $ | — | $ | 2,480 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.49 | % | 19.61 | % | (b) | 11.62 | % | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,097 | $ | 5 | $ | (7) | $ | 2,095 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,376 | 23 | 3 | 1,402 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,431) | (7) | — | (1,438) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 252 | — | — | 252 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,294 | $ | 21 | $ | (4) | $ | 2,311 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.54 | % | 19.12 | % | (b) | 11.56 | % | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,283 | $ | — | $ | (14) | $ | 2,269 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 582 | 5 | 6 | 593 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (990) | — | 1 | (989) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 222 | — | — | 222 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,097 | $ | 5 | $ | (7) | $ | 2,095 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 10.93 | % | 19.91 | % | (b) | 10.90 | % |
(a) As a result of the adoption of ASU 2022-02, we recorded a one-time adjustment to the allowance for finance receivable losses. See Notes 3, 4, and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for additional information on the adoption of ASU 2022-02.
(b) Not applicable.
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The current delinquency status of our finance receivable portfolio, inclusive of recent borrower performance and loss performance, volume of our modified finance receivable activity, level and recoverability of collateral securing our finance receivable portfolio, and the reasonable and supportable forecast of economic conditions are the primary drivers that can cause fluctuations in our allowance ratio from period to period. We monitor the allowance ratio to ensure we have a sufficient level of allowance for finance receivable losses based on the estimated lifetime expected credit losses in our finance receivable portfolio. The allowance for finance receivable losses as a percentage of net finance receivables increased slightly from the prior year period primarily due to a weaker macroeconomic outlook and portfolio mix. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for more information about the changes in the allowance for finance receivable losses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
SOURCES AND USES OF FUNDS
We finance the majority of our operating liquidity and capital needs through a combination of cash flows from operations, secured debt, unsecured debt, borrowings from revolving conduit facilities, whole loan sales, and equity. We may also utilize other sources in the future. As a holding company, all of the funds generated from our operations are earned by our operating subsidiaries. Our operating subsidiaries’ primary cash needs relate to funding our lending activities, our debt service obligations, our operating expenses, payment of insurance claims, and supporting strategic initiatives.
We have previously purchased portions of our unsecured indebtedness, and we may elect to purchase additional portions of our unsecured indebtedness or securitized borrowings in the future. Future purchases may be made through the open market, privately negotiated transactions with third parties, or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers, all of which are subject to terms, prices, and consideration we may determine at our discretion.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, OMH generated net income of $641 million. OMH’s net cash outflow from operating and investing activities totaled $343 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, our scheduled interest payments for 2024 totaled $526 million and there were no scheduled principal payments for 2024 on our existing unsecured debt. As of December 31, 2023, we had $8.4 billion of unencumbered receivables.
Based on our estimates and considering the risks and uncertainties of our plans, we believe that we will have adequate liquidity to finance and operate our businesses and repay our obligations as they become due.
OMFC’s Issuances, Redemptions, and Repurchases of Unsecured Debt
On June 22, 2023, OMFC issued a total of $500 million aggregate principal amount of 9.00% Senior Notes due 2029 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis. On November 14, 2023, OMFC issued a total of $400 million aggregate principal amount of 9.00% Senior Notes due 2029 in an add-on to the 9.00% Senior Notes due 2029 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
On August 18, 2023, OMFC issued a notice to partially redeem its 6.125% Senior Notes due 2024. On September 18, 2023, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $558 million, inclusive of accrued interest, to complete the partial redemption. On November 14, 2023, OMFC issued a notice to fully redeem the remaining 6.125% Senior Notes due 2024. On December 14, 2023, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $546 million, inclusive of accrued interest, to complete a full redemption.
On December 13, 2023, OMFC issued a total of $700 million aggregate principal amount of 7.875% Senior Notes due 2030 under the Base Indenture, as supplemented by the Sixteenth Supplemental Indenture, pursuant to which OMH provided a guarantee on an unsecured basis.
From time to time we may purchase portions of our unsecured indebtedness through the open market. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased $176 million of our unsecured notes.
OMFC’s Unsecured Corporate Revolver
At December 31, 2023, the borrowing capacity of our corporate revolver was $1.3 billion, and no amounts were drawn.
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Securitizations and Borrowings from Revolving Conduit Facilities
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we completed three personal loan securitizations (ODART 2023-1, OMFIT 2023-1, OMFIT 2023-2, see “Securitized Borrowings” below) and redeemed one personal loan securitization (OMFIT 2020-1). During the year ended December 31, 2023, we entered into two new revolving conduit facilities. At December 31, 2023, the borrowing capacity of our revolving conduit facilities was $6.4 billion. At December 31, 2023, we had $12.6 billion of gross finance receivables pledged as collateral for our securitizations, conduit facilities, and private secured term funding.
Subsequent to year-end, on January 18, 2024, we entered into two credit card revolving variable funding note (“VFN”) facilities. The maximum capacity of our credit card revolving VFN facilities was $300 million.
Private Secured Term Funding
At December 31, 2023, an aggregate amount of $350 million was outstanding under the private secured term funding collateralized by our personal loans. No principal payments are required to be made until after April 25, 2025, followed by a subsequent one-year amortization period at the expiration of which the outstanding principal amount is due and payable.
See Notes 8 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, private secured term funding, and revolving conduit facilities.
Credit Ratings
Our credit ratings impact our ability to access capital markets and our borrowing costs. Rating agencies base their ratings on numerous factors, including liquidity, capital adequacy, asset quality, quality of earnings, and the probability of systemic support. Significant changes in these factors could result in different ratings.
The table below outlines OMFC’s long-term corporate debt ratings and outlook by rating agencies:
| As of December 31, 2023 | Rating | Outlook | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S&P | BB | Stable | ||
| Moody’s | Ba2 | Stable | ||
| KBRA | BB+ | Positive |
Currently, no other entity has a corporate debt rating, though they may be rated in the future.
Stock Repurchased
During the year ended December 31, 2023, OMH repurchased 1,651,717 shares of its common stock through its stock repurchase program for an aggregate total of $65 million, including commissions and fees. As of December 31, 2023, OMH held a total of 15,383,804 shares of treasury stock. To provide funding for the OMH stock repurchases, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized dividend payments in the amount of $60 million.
For additional information regarding the shares repurchased, see Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities of Part II in this report.
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Cash Dividend to OMH's Common Stockholders
As of December 31, 2023, the dividend declarations for the current year by the Board were as follows:
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Payment Date | Dividend Per Share | Amount Paid | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| February 7, 2023 | February 17, 2023 | February 24, 2023 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 121 | ||||||
| April 25, 2023 | May 5, 2023 | May 12, 2023 | 1.00 | 121 | ||||||||
| July 26, 2023 | August 7, 2023 | August 11, 2023 | 1.00 | 120 | ||||||||
| October 25, 2023 | November 6, 2023 | November 10, 2023 | 1.00 | 120 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 4.00 | $ | 482 |
To provide funding for the dividend, OMFC paid dividends of $478 million to OMH during the year ended December 31, 2023.
On February 7, 2024, OMH declared a dividend of $1.00 per share payable on February 23, 2024 to record holders of OMH's common stock as of the close of business on February 20, 2024. To provide funding for the OMH dividend, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized a dividend in the amount of up to $121 million payable on or after February 21, 2024.
While OMH intends to pay its minimum quarterly dividend, currently $1.00 per share, for the foreseeable future, all subsequent dividends will be reviewed and declared at the discretion of the Board and will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applicable to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that the Board deems relevant. OMH’s dividend payments may change from time to time, and the Board may choose not to continue to declare dividends in the future. See our “Dividend Policy” in Part II - Item 5 of this report for further information.
Whole Loan Sale Transactions
We have whole loan sale flow agreements with third parties, with remaining terms of less than one year, in which we agreed to sell a total of $60 million gross receivables per quarter of newly originated unsecured personal loans along with any associated accrued interest. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold $585 million of gross finance receivables, compared to $720 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on the whole loan sale transactions.
Subsequent to year-end, we entered into a whole loan sale flow agreement with a third party, with a term of less than two years, in which we agreed to sell $600 million of gross receivables of newly originated unsecured personal loans along with any associated accrued interest.
LIQUIDITY
OMH's Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations of $2.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflected net income of $641 million, the impact of non-cash items including provision for finance receivable losses of $1.7 billion, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $44 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022 reflected net income of $872 million, the impact of non-cash items including provision for finance receivable losses of $1.4 billion, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $82 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021 reflected net income of $1.3 billion, the impact of non-cash items, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $48 million.
OMH's Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities of $2.9 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 was due to net principal originations and purchases of finance receivables and purchases of available-for-sale and other securities, partially offset by the proceeds from sales of finance receivables and calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities. Net cash used for investing activities of $2.1 billion for both the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was primarily due to net principal originations and purchases of finance receivables and purchases of available-for-sale and other securities, partially offset by the
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proceeds from sales of finance receivables and calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities.
OMH's Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $932 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to the issuance and borrowings of long-term debt, partially offset by repayments and repurchases of long-term debt and cash dividends paid. Net cash used for financing activities of $326 million and $1.8 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were primarily due to repayments and repurchases of long-term debt, cash dividends paid, and the cash paid to repurchase common stock, partially offset by the issuance and borrowings of long-term debt.
OMH's Cash and Investments
At December 31, 2023, we had $1.0 billion of cash and cash equivalents, which included $148 million of cash and cash equivalents held at our regulated insurance subsidiaries or for other operating activities that is unavailable for general corporate purposes.
At December 31, 2023, we had $1.7 billion of investment securities, which are all held as part of our insurance operations and are unavailable for general corporate purposes.
Liquidity Risks and Strategies
OMFC’s credit ratings are non-investment grade, which has a significant impact on our cost and access to capital. This, in turn, can negatively affect our ability to manage our liquidity and our ability or cost to refinance our indebtedness.
There are numerous risks to our financial results, liquidity, capital raising, and debt refinancing plans, some of which may not be quantified in our current liquidity forecasts. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
•our inability to grow or maintain our personal loan portfolio with adequate profitability;
•the effect of federal, state and local laws, regulations, or regulatory policies and practices;
•effects of ratings downgrades on our secured or unsecured debt;
•potential liability relating to real estate and personal loans which we have sold or may sell in the future, or relating to securitized loans; and
•the potential for disruptions in the debt and equity markets.
The principal factors that could decrease our liquidity are customer delinquencies and defaults, a decline in customer prepayments, rising interest rates, and a prolonged inability to adequately access capital market funding. We intend to support our liquidity position by utilizing some or all of the following strategies:
•maintaining disciplined underwriting standards and pricing for loans we originate or purchase and managing purchases of finance receivables;
•pursuing additional debt financings (including new secured and unsecured debt issuances, debt refinancing transactions, unsecured corporate revolvers, and revolving conduit facilities), or a combination of the foregoing;
•purchasing portions of our outstanding indebtedness through open market or privately negotiated transactions with third parties or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers or otherwise, upon such terms and at such prices, as well as with such consideration, as we may determine; and
•obtaining new and extending existing secured revolving facilities to provide committed liquidity in case of prolonged market fluctuations.
However, it is possible that the actual outcome of one or more of our plans could be materially different than expected or that one or more of our significant judgments or estimates could prove to be materially incorrect.
OUR INSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to state regulations that limit their ability to pay dividends. See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 included in this report for further information on these state restrictions and the dividends paid by our insurance subsidiaries from 2021 through 2023.
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OUR DEBT AGREEMENTS
The debt agreements which OMFC and its subsidiaries are a party to include customary terms and conditions, including covenants and representations and warranties. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 included in this report for more information on the restrictive covenants under OMFC’s debt agreements, as well as the guarantees of OMFC’s long-term debt.
Securitized Borrowings
We execute private securitizations under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As of December 31, 2023, our structured financings consisted of the following:
| (dollars in millions) | Issue Amount (a) | Initial Collateral Balance | Current Note Amounts Outstanding (a) | Current Collateral Balance (b) | Current Weighted Average Interest Rate | Original Revolving Period | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMFIT 2018-2 | $ | 368 | $ | 381 | $ | 202 | $ | 231 | 4.09 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-2 | 900 | 947 | 900 | 995 | 3.30 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-A | 789 | 892 | 750 | 892 | 3.78 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2020-2 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 2.03 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2021-1 | 850 | 904 | 850 | 904 | 2.82 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-S1 | 600 | 652 | 600 | 652 | 4.31 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-2 | 1,000 | 1,099 | 1,000 | 1,099 | 5.17 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-3 | 979 | 1,090 | 796 | 1,090 | 6.00 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2023-1 | 825 | 920 | 825 | 920 | 5.82 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2023-2 | 1,400 | 1,566 | 1,400 | 1,566 | 6.45 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2019-1 | 737 | 750 | 700 | 750 | 3.79 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2021-1 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 902 | 917 | 0.99 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2022-1 | 600 | 632 | 600 | 632 | 5.10 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2023-1 | 750 | 792 | 750 | 792 | 5.63 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| Total securitizations | $ | 11,798 | $ | 12,731 | $ | 11,275 | $ | 12,493 |
(a) Issue Amount includes the retained interest amounts as applicable and the Current Note Amounts Outstanding balances reflect pay-downs subsequent to note issuance and exclude retained interest amounts.
(b) Inclusive of in-process replenishments of collateral for securitized borrowings in a revolving status as of December 31, 2023.
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Revolving Conduit Facilities
In addition to the structured financings, we had access to 16 revolving conduit facilities with a total borrowing capacity of $6.4 billion as of December 31, 2023:
| (dollars in millions) | Advance Maximum Balance | Amount Drawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OneMain Financial Funding VII, LLC | $ | 600 | $ | — | |||
| OneMain Financial Auto Funding I, LLC | 550 | — | |||||
| Seine River Funding, LLC | 550 | — | |||||
| Hudson River Funding, LLC | 500 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding XI, LLC | 425 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding VIII, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| River Thames Funding, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding X, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding XII, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| Chicago River Funding, LLC | 375 | — | |||||
| Mystic River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Thayer Brook Funding, LLC | 350 | 1 | |||||
| Columbia River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Hubbard River Funding, LLC | 250 | — | |||||
| New River Funding Trust | 250 | — | |||||
| St. Lawrence River Funding, LLC | 250 | — | |||||
| Total | $ | 6,400 | $ | 1 |
See “Liquidity and Capital Resources - Sources and Uses of Funds - Securitizations and Borrowings from Revolving Conduit Facilities” above for information on the credit card revolving conduit facilities entered into subsequent to December 31, 2023.
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Contractual Obligations
At December 31, 2023, our material contractual obligations were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | 2024 | 2025-2026 | 2027-2028 | 2029+ | Securitizations | Private Secured Term Funding | Revolving Conduit Facilities | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principal maturities on long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitization debt (a) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,275 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,275 | |||||||||||||||
| Medium-term notes | — | 2,849 | 2,100 | 3,182 | — | — | — | 8,131 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debt | — | — | — | 350 | — | — | — | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private secured term funding (a) | — | — | — | — | — | 350 | — | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revolving conduit facilities (a) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total principal maturities | — | 2,849 | 2,100 | 3,532 | 11,275 | 350 | 1 | 20,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payments on debt (b) | 526 | 883 | 605 | 1,213 | 1,440 | 51 | — | 4,718 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 526 | $ | 3,732 | $ | 2,705 | $ | 4,745 | $ | 12,715 | $ | 401 | $ | 1 | $ | 24,825 |
(a) On-balance sheet securitizations, private secured term funding, and borrowings under revolving conduit facilities are not included in maturities by period due to their variable monthly payments.
(b) Future interest payments on floating-rate debt are estimated based upon rates in effect at December 31, 2023.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by SEC rules, and we had no material off-balance sheet exposure to losses associated with unconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We consider the following policies to be our most critical accounting policies because they involve critical accounting estimates and a significant degree of management judgment:
ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES
We estimate the expected credit losses on our finance receivables over their expected lives based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of collectability. No new volume is assumed. Personal loan renewals are a significant piece of our new volume and are considered a terminal event of the previous loan. For our personal loans, we have elected not to measure an allowance on accrued finance charges as it is our policy to reverse finance charges previously accrued after four contractual payments become past due.
Our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses is primarily based on historical loss experience using a cumulative loss model applied to our personal loan portfolios. Our gross credit loss expectation is offset by the estimate of future recoveries using historical recovery curves. Our personal loans are primarily segmented in the loss model by contractual delinquency status. Other attributes in the model include collateral mix and recent credit score. To estimate the gross credit losses, the model utilizes a roll rate matrix to project the first 12 months of losses and historical cohort performance to project the expected losses over the remaining term. Our methodology relies on historical loss experience to forecast the corresponding future outcomes. These patterns are then applied to the current portfolio to obtain an estimate of future losses.
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Management exercises its judgment when determining the amount of allowance for finance receivable losses. Our judgment is based on quantitative analyses, qualitative factors, such as recent portfolio, industry, and other economic trends, and experience in the consumer finance industry. We may adjust the amounts determined by our model for management’s estimate of the effects of model imprecision, which include but are not limited to, any changes to underwriting criteria and portfolio seasoning.
Forecasting macroeconomic conditions requires significant judgment and involves estimation uncertainty. We consider key economic factors, most notably unemployment rates, to incorporate into our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses. Our macroeconomic forecast considers various scenarios of economic projections from industry leading forecast providers and extends over our reasonable and supportable forecast period, after which we revert to a historical average.
Due to the judgment and uncertainty in estimating the expected credit losses, we may experience changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Macroeconomic Sensitivity
To demonstrate the sensitivity of forecasting macroeconomic conditions, we compared the output of our model using a baseline scenario to that of a downside scenario. As of December 31, 2023, the impact of a ten percentage point increase in weighting towards a downside scenario increased the estimate by approximately $25 million.
The macroeconomic scenarios are highly influenced by the timing, severity, and duration of changes in the underlying economic factors. This makes it difficult to estimate how potential changes in economic factors affect the estimated credit losses. Therefore, this hypothetical analysis is not intended to represent our expectation of changes in our estimate of expected credit losses due to a change in the macroeconomic environment, nor does it consider management’s judgment of other quantitative and qualitative information which could increase or decrease the estimate.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 in this report for discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Seasonality
Our personal loan volume and demand is generally lowest during the first part of the year following the holiday season and as a result of tax refunds, and increases through the end of the year. Delinquencies follow the same trends, being generally lower during the first part of the year and rising throughout the remainder of the year. These seasonal trends contribute to fluctuations in our operating results and cash needs throughout the year.
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FY 2022 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001584207-23-000012.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of OMH's financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risk, uncertainties, and assumptions. See “Forward-Looking Statements” included in this report for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” included in this report.
An index to our management’s discussion and analysis follows:
| Topic | Page | |
|---|---|---|
| Overview | 37 | |
| Recent Developments and Outlook | 39 | |
| Results of Operations | 41 | |
| Segment Results | 44 | |
| Credit Quality | 46 | |
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 51 | |
| Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 57 | |
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 58 | |
| Seasonality | 58 |
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Overview
We operate in the United States and market our personal loans in 44 states. We also offer two credit cards, BrightWay and BrightWay+, which are designed to reward customers for responsible credit activity such as consistent on-time payments. We continue to expand BrightWay and BrightWay+ credit cards across our branch network, through direct mail, and through our digital affiliates. In connection with our offerings, our insurance subsidiaries offer our personal loan customers optional credit and non-credit insurance, and other insurance-related products. We strive to meet our customers at their preferred channel and to deliver a seamless customer experience through our digital platforms or working with our expert team members at our approximately 1,400 locations. Our personal loans, credit cards, and other products help customers meet everyday needs and take steps to improve their financial well-being.
In addition to our loan originations, insurance, and other product sales activities, we also service the loans that we originate and retain on our balance sheet, as well as loans owned by third parties on their behalf in connection with our whole loan sale program and legacy businesses. We also pursue strategic acquisitions and dispositions of assets and businesses, including loan portfolios or other financial assets, and may establish joint ventures or enter into other strategic alliances.
OUR PRODUCTS
Our product offerings include:
•Personal Loans — We offer personal loans through our branch network, centralized operations, and our website, www.omf.com, to customers who need timely access to cash. Our personal loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, have fixed terms generally between three and six years, and are secured by automobiles, other titled collateral, or are unsecured. At December 31, 2022, we had approximately 2.33 million personal loans totaling $19.9 billion of net finance receivables, of which 52% were secured by titled property, compared to approximately 2.34 million personal loans totaling $19.2 billion of net finance receivables, of which 52% were secured by titled property at December 31, 2021. We also service personal loans for our whole loan sale partners.
•Credit Cards — We offer credit cards through a third-party bank partner from which we purchase the receivable balances. The credit cards are offered through our branch network, direct mail marketing, and direct-to-consumer via our affiliates. Credit cards are open-ended, revolving, with a fixed rate, and are unsecured. At December 31, 2022, we had approximately 135 thousand open credit card customer accounts, totaling $107 million of net finance receivables, compared to approximately 66 thousand open credit card customer accounts, totaling $25 million of net finance receivables at December 31, 2021.
•Insurance Products — We offer our customers optional credit insurance products (life, disability, and involuntary unemployment insurance) and optional non-credit insurance products through both our branch network and our centralized operations. Credit insurance and non-credit insurance products are provided by our affiliated insurance companies. We offer GAP coverage as a waiver product or insurance. We also offer optional membership plans from an unaffiliated company.
OUR SEGMENT
At December 31, 2022, Consumer and Insurance (“C&I”) is our only reportable segment, which includes personal loans, credit cards, and insurance products. At December 31, 2022, we managed a combined total of 2.56 million customer accounts and $20.8 billion of managed receivables, compared to 2.45 million customer accounts and $19.6 billion of managed receivables at December 31, 2021.
The remaining components (which we refer to as “Other”) consist of our liquidating SpringCastle Portfolio servicing activity and our non-originating legacy operations, which primarily include our liquidating real estate loans held for sale and reported in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our segment.
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HOW WE ASSESS OUR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
We closely monitor the primary drivers of pretax operating income, which consist of the following:
Interest Income
We track interest income, including certain fees earned on our finance receivables, and continually monitor the components that impact our yield. We include any late charges on loans that we have collected from customer payments in interest income.
Interest Expense
We track the interest expense incurred on our debt, along with amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts, and issuance costs, to monitor the components of our cost of funds. We expect interest expense to fluctuate based on changes in the secured versus unsecured mix of our debt, time to maturity, the cost of funds rate, and utilization of revolving conduit facilities.
Net Credit Losses
The credit quality of our loans is driven by our underwriting philosophy, which considers the prospective customer’s household budget, his or her willingness and capacity to repay, and the underlying collateral on the loan. We closely analyze credit performance because the profitability of our loan portfolio is directly connected to net credit losses. We define net credit losses as gross charge-offs minus recoveries in the portfolio. Additionally, because delinquencies are an early indicator of future net credit losses, we analyze delinquency trends, adjusting for seasonality, to determine whether our loans are performing in line with our original estimates. We also monitor recovery rates because of their contribution to the reduction in the severity of our charge-offs.
Operating Expenses
We assess our operational efficiency using various metrics and conduct extensive analysis to determine whether fluctuations in cost and expense levels indicate operational trends that need to be addressed. Our operating expense analysis also includes a review of origination and servicing costs to assist us in managing overall profitability.
Finance Receivables Originations and Purchase Volume
Because loan volume and portfolio size determine the magnitude of the impact of each of the above factors on our earnings, we also closely monitor originations, purchase volume, and annual percentage rate.
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Recent Developments and Outlook
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Stock Repurchase Program
On February 2, 2022, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program, which allows us to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of OMH’s outstanding common stock, excluding fees, commissions, and other expenses related to the repurchases. The authorization expires on December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2022, we had $726 million of authorized share repurchase capacity, excluding fees and commissions, remaining under the program.
See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities in Part II of this report for further information on our shares repurchased.
Private Secured Term Funding
On April 25, 2022, OMFC entered into a $350 million private secured term funding collateralized by our personal loans. No principal payments are required to be made during the first three years, followed by a subsequent one-year amortization period at the expiration of which the outstanding principal amount is due and payable.
Social Securitization Transaction - OMFIT 2022-S1
As part of our continued commitment to improve the financial well-being of hardworking Americans, on April 27, 2022, OMFC completed its first social securitization under Rule 144A. We issued $600 million principal amount of notes backed by personal loans (“OMFIT 2022-S1”) made to the target population identified in the OneMain 2022 ABS Social Bond Framework. OMFIT 2022-S1 has a revolving period of three years, during which no principal payments are required. Generally, the target population is comprised of borrowers residing in rural communities (by zip code), 75% of whom are lower income borrowers in these communities. Through the OneMain 2022 ABS Social Bond Framework we aim to promote financial inclusion to the target population by providing equitable access to fair and transparent credit. The OneMain 2022 ABS Social Bond Framework, which is available on OneMain’s Investor Relations website, aligns to the Social Bond Principles 2021, as administered by the International Capital Market Association.
Securitization Transactions Completed - ODART 2022-1, OMFIT 2022-2, and OMFIT 2022-3
For information regarding the issuances of our secured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
Redemption of 8.875% Senior Notes Due 2025
On June 1, 2022, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $637 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premiums, to complete the redemption of its 8.875% Senior Notes due 2025.
Unsecured Corporate Revolver
On June 15, 2022, OMFC increased the total maximum borrowing capacity of its unsecured corporate revolver to $1.25 billion. At December 31, 2022, no amounts were drawn under this facility.
For further information regarding the redemption of our unsecured debt and our corporate revolver, see Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
Cash Dividends to OMH's Common Stockholders
For information regarding the quarterly dividends declared by OMH, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
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Election and Resignation of Members of the Board
On January 27, 2022, Toos N. Daruvala was elected to the Board, effective February 14, 2022.
On February 24, 2022, Peter B. Sinensky resigned from the Board.
Appointments of OMFC’s President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), and Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and a new member of OMFC’s Board of Directors
On December 12, 2022, OMFC’s Board of Directors appointed Micah R. Conrad as OMFC’s President and CEO and elected Matthew Vaughan as Vice President, CFO of OMFC and to OMFC’s Board of Directors. Mr. Conrad succeeds Richard N. Tambor and Mr. Vaughan succeeds Mr. Conrad’s former position as CFO of OMFC.
Management’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
In early 2020, COVID-19 evolved into a global pandemic, resulting in widespread volatility and deterioration in economic conditions across the states and regions that we serve. Throughout the pandemic, we maintained our focus on assisting and supporting our customers, while remaining committed to the safety of our employees. We continue to serve our customers by keeping our branch locations open with appropriate protective protocols in place and through our digital platform. This hybrid capability has sustained our operating performance through the pandemic and enabled us to serve and support our customers effectively.
OUTLOOK
We are actively monitoring the current macroeconomic developments, including geopolitical actions outside of the U.S., and remain prepared for any opportunities or challenges that may impact our business. Our financial condition and results of operations could be affected by macroeconomic conditions, including changes in unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and consumer confidence. We will continue to incorporate updates to our macroeconomic assumptions, as necessary, which could lead to further adjustments in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Our experienced management team remains focused on maintaining a solid balance sheet with a strong liquidity runway and capital coverage, upholding a conservative and disciplined underwriting model, and building strong relationships with our customers to ensure that we are serving them well. We believe we are well positioned to serve our customers, invest in our business, and drive long-term growth to create value for our stockholders as we navigate an ever-evolving economic, social, political, and regulatory environment.
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Results of Operations
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relates only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information.
OMH'S CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
See the table below for OMH's consolidated operating results and selected financial statistics. A further discussion of OMH's operating results for our operating segment is provided under “Segment Results” below.
| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,435 | $ | 4,364 | $ | 4,368 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 892 | 937 | 1,027 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,402 | 593 | 1,319 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 2,141 | 2,834 | 2,022 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 629 | 531 | 526 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,607 | 1,624 | 1,571 | ||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 1,163 | 1,741 | 977 | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 285 | 427 | 247 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 878 | $ | 1,314 | $ | 730 | |||||||||
| Share Data: | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 7.06 | $ | 9.87 | $ | 5.41 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,986 | $ | 19,212 | $ | 18,084 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 19,440 | $ | 18,281 | $ | 17,997 | |||||||||
| Yield | 22.79 | % | 23.84 | % | 24.24 | % | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio | 7.40 | % | 5.41 | % | 6.46 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.29) | % | (1.21) | % | (0.92) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio | 6.10 | % | 4.20 | % | 5.54 | % | |||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,879 | $ | 19,187 | $ | 18,084 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 13,879 | $ | 13,825 | $ | 10,729 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,334,097 | 2,336,845 | 2,304,951 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,365,989 | 1,388,123 | 1,099,767 | ||||||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 3.07 | % | 2.43 | % | 2.28 | % | |||||||||
| Credit cards (b): | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 107 | $ | 25 | $ | — | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 172 | $ | 26 | $ | — | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 135,335 | 65,513 | — | ||||||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 5.90 | % | 0.08 | % | — | % | |||||||||
| Debt balances: | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt balance | $ | 18,281 | $ | 17,750 | $ | 17,800 | |||||||||
| Average daily debt balance | $ | 17,854 | $ | 17,441 | $ | 18,080 |
(a) See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
(b) There were no credit cards for the year ended December 31, 2020, as the product offering began in 2021.
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Comparison of Consolidated Results for 2022 and 2021
Interest income increased $71 million or 2% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to growth in our loan portfolio, partially offset by lower yield.
Interest expense decreased $45 million or 5% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to a lower average cost of funds, partially offset by an increase in average debt.
See Notes 8 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, private secured term funding, and our revolving conduit facilities.
Provision for finance receivable losses increased $809 million or 136% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily driven by higher net charge-offs and an increase in the allowance for finance receivable losses due to the weakened macroeconomic environment and growth in the portfolio.
Other revenues increased $98 million or 18% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to an increase in gains on the sales of finance receivables and an increase in servicing revenue associated with the whole loan sale program as a result of more loans sold in the current period and lower net losses on the repurchases and repayments of debt in the current period compared to the prior year period.
Other expenses decreased $17 million or 1% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to a decrease in insurance policy and benefits claims expense due to favorable experiences in credit life and term life products, the prior year expense associated with the cash-settled stock-based awards not present in the current year, and a decrease in amortization expense of other intangibles primarily due to the customer relationships intangible asset being fully amortized in the prior year. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in salaries and benefits expense and an increase in software and technology expense driven by the continued investment in our business.
Income taxes totaled $285 million for 2022 compared to $427 million for 2021. The effective tax rate for 2022 was 24.5% compared to 24.6% for 2021. The effective tax rate for 2022 and 2021 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of state income taxes.
See Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on effective tax rates.
Comparison of Consolidated Results for 2021 and 2020
For a comparison of OMH's results of operation for the years ended 2021 and 2020, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—OMH’s Consolidated Results” in Part II - Item 7 of OMH's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Management uses C&I adjusted pretax income (loss), a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) represents income (loss) before income taxes on a Segment Accounting Basis and excludes the expense associated with the net loss resulting from repurchases and repayments of debt, restructuring charges, direct costs associated with COVID-19, the expense associated with the cash-settled stock-based awards, and acquisition-related transaction and integration expenses. Management believes C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) is useful in assessing the profitability of our segment.
Management also uses C&I pretax capital generation, a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. This measure represents C&I adjusted pretax income as discussed above and excludes the change in our C&I allowance for finance receivable losses in the period while still considering the C&I net charge-offs incurred during the period. Management believes that C&I pretax capital generation is useful in assessing the capital created in the period impacting the overall capital adequacy of the Company. Management believes that the Company’s reserves, combined with its equity, represent the Company’s loss absorption capacity.
Management utilizes both C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and C&I pretax capital generation in evaluating our performance. Additionally, both of these non-GAAP measures are consistent with the performance goals established in OMH’s executive compensation program. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and C&I pretax capital generation are non-GAAP financial measures and should be considered supplemental to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, income (loss) before income taxes, net income, or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.
OMH's reconciliations of income before income tax expense on a Segment Accounting Basis to C&I adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) and C&I pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years Ended December 31, | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes - Segment Accounting Basis | $ | 1,177 | $ | 1,788 | $ | 1,021 | |||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss on repurchases and repayments of debt | 26 | 70 | 36 | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | 7 | — | 7 | ||||||||||||
| Direct costs associated with COVID-19 | 4 | 6 | 17 | ||||||||||||
| Cash-settled stock-based awards | — | 54 | — | ||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related transaction and integration expenses | — | — | 11 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | 1,214 | 1,918 | 1,092 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,399 | 587 | 1,313 | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | (1,186) | (768) | (998) | ||||||||||||
| Pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,427 | $ | 1,737 | $ | 1,407 |
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Segment Results
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relate only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information.
See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for a description of our segment, methodologies used to allocate revenues and expenses to our C&I segment, and reconciliations of segment total to consolidated financial statement amounts.
CONSUMER AND INSURANCE
OMH's adjusted pretax income and selected financial statistics for C&I on an adjusted Segment Accounting Basis were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,429 | $ | 4,355 | $ | 4,353 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 886 | 930 | 1,007 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,399 | 587 | 1,313 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 2,144 | 2,838 | 2,033 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 644 | 597 | 551 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,574 | 1,517 | 1,492 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,214 | $ | 1,918 | $ | 1,092 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,987 | $ | 19,215 | $ | 18,091 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 19,442 | $ | 18,286 | $ | 18,009 | |||||||||
| Yield | 22.78 | % | 23.82 | % | 24.17 | % | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio | 7.40 | % | 5.42 | % | 6.46 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.29) | % | (1.21) | % | (0.92) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio | 6.10 | % | 4.20 | % | 5.54 | % | |||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,880 | $ | 19,190 | $ | 18,091 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 13,879 | $ | 13,825 | $ | 10,729 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,334,097 | 2,336,845 | 2,304,951 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,365,989 | 1,388,123 | 1,099,767 | ||||||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 3.07 | % | 2.43 | % | 2.28 | % | |||||||||
| Credit cards (b): | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 107 | $ | 25 | $ | — | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 172 | $ | 26 | $ | — | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 135,335 | 65,513 | — | ||||||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 5.90 | % | 0.08 | % | — | % |
(a) See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
(b) There were no credit cards for the year ended December 31, 2020, as the product offering began in 2021.
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Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for 2022 and 2021
Interest income increased $74 million or 2% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to growth in our loan portfolio, partially offset by lower yield.
Interest expense decreased $44 million or 5% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to a lower average cost of funds, partially offset by an increase in average debt.
See Notes 8 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, private secured term funding, and our revolving conduit facilities.
Provision for finance receivable losses increased $812 million or 138% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily driven by higher net charge-offs and an increase in the allowance for finance receivable losses due to the weakened macroeconomic environment and growth in the portfolio.
Other revenues increased $47 million or 8% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to an increase in gains on the sales of finance receivables and an increase in servicing revenue associated with the whole loan sale program as a result of more loans sold in the current period.
Other expenses increased $57 million or 4% in 2022 when compared to 2021 primarily due to an increase in salaries and benefits expense and an increase in software and technology expense driven by the continued investment in our business. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in insurance policy and benefits claims expense primarily due to favorable experiences in credit life and term life products.
Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for 2021 and 2020
For a comparison of OMH's adjusted pretax income for C&I for the years ended 2021 and 2020, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—OMH’s Consolidated Results” in Part II -Item 7 of OMH's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on February 11, 2022.
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Credit Quality
FINANCE RECEIVABLES
Our net finance receivables, consisting of personal loans and credit cards, were $20.0 billion at December 31, 2022 and $19.2 billion at December 31, 2021. We consider the delinquency status of our finance receivables as our key credit quality indicator. We monitor the delinquency of our finance receivable portfolio, including the migration between the delinquency buckets and changes in the delinquency trends to manage our exposure to credit risk in the portfolio. Our branch and central operation team members work with customers as necessary and offer a variety of borrower assistance programs to help customers continue to make payments.
DELINQUENCY
We monitor delinquency trends to evaluate the risk of future credit losses and employ advanced analytical tools to manage our exposure. Team members are actively engaged in collection activities throughout the early stages of delinquency. We closely track and report the percentage of receivables that are contractually 30-89 days past due as a benchmark of portfolio quality, collections effectiveness, and as a strong indicator of losses in coming quarters.
When personal loans are contractually 60 days past due, we consider these accounts to be at an increased risk for loss and collection of these accounts is managed by our centralized operations. Use of our centralized operations teams for managing late-stage delinquency allows us to apply more advanced collection technologies and tools and drives operating efficiencies in servicing. We consider our personal loans to be nonperforming at 90 days contractually past due, at which point we stop accruing finance charges and reverse finance charges previously accrued.
We accrue finance charges and fees on credit cards until charge-off at approximately 180 days past due, at which point we reverse finance charges and fees previously accrued.
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The delinquency information for net finance receivables on a Segment Accounting Basis was as follows:
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (dollars in millions) | Personal Loans | Credit Cards | |||||
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 18,726 | $ | 93 | |||
| 30-59 days past due | 357 | 3 | |||||
| 60-89 days past due | 253 | 3 | |||||
| 90+ days past due | 544 | 8 | |||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 19,880 | $ | 107 | |||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 3.07 | % | 5.90 | % | |||
| 30+ days past due | 5.80 | % | 13.08 | % | |||
| 60+ days past due | 4.01 | % | 9.69 | % | |||
| 90+ days past due | 2.74 | % | 7.18 | % | |||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Current | $ | 18,340 | $ | 25 | |||
| 30-59 days past due | 282 | — | |||||
| 60-89 days past due | 185 | — | |||||
| 90+ days past due | 383 | — | |||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 19,190 | $ | 25 | |||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 2.43 | % | 0.08 | % | |||
| 30+ days past due | 4.43 | % | 0.08 | % | |||
| 60+ days past due | 2.96 | % | — | % | |||
| 90+ days past due | 2.00 | % | — | % |
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ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES
We estimate and record an allowance for finance receivable losses to cover the estimated lifetime expected credit losses on our finance receivables. Our allowance for finance receivable losses may fluctuate based upon changes in portfolio growth, credit quality, and economic conditions.
Our current methodology to estimate expected credit losses used the most recent macroeconomic forecasts, which incorporated the overall unemployment rate. Our unemployment outlook leveraged projections from various industry leading forecast providers. We also considered inflationary pressures, consumer confidence levels, and continued interest rate increases negatively impacting the economic outlook. At December 31, 2022, our economic forecast used a reasonable and supportable period of 12 months. We may experience further changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | Consumer and Insurance | Segment to GAAP Adjustment | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal Loans | Credit Cards | ||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,097 | $ | 5 | $ | (7) | $ | 2,095 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,376 | 23 | 3 | 1,402 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,431) | (7) | — | (1,438) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 252 | — | — | 252 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,294 | $ | 21 | $ | (4) | $ | 2,311 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 11.54 | % | 19.12 | % | (a) | 11.56 | % | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,283 | $ | — | $ | (14) | $ | 2,269 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 582 | 5 | 6 | $ | 593 | ||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (990) | — | 1 | $ | (989) | ||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 222 | — | — | $ | 222 | ||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,097 | $ | 5 | $ | (7) | $ | 2,095 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 10.93 | % | 19.91 | % | (a) | 10.90 | % | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 (b) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 849 | $ | — | $ | (20) | $ | 829 | |||||||||
| Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 (c) | 1,119 | — | (1) | 1,118 | |||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,313 | — | 6 | 1,319 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,163) | — | 1 | (1,162) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 165 | — | — | 165 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,283 | $ | — | $ | (14) | $ | 2,269 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 12.62 | % | — | % | (a) | 12.55 | % |
(a) Not applicable.
(b) There were no credit cards for the year ended December 31, 2020 as the product offering began in 2021.
(c) As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we recorded a one-time adjustment to the allowance for finance receivable losses.
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The current delinquency status of our finance receivable portfolio, inclusive of recent borrower performance, volume of our TDR activity, level and recoverability of collateral securing our finance receivable portfolio, and the reasonable and supportable forecast of economic conditions are the primary drivers that can cause fluctuations in our allowance ratio from period to period. We monitor the allowance ratio to ensure we have a sufficient level of allowance for finance receivable losses based on the estimated lifetime expected credit losses in our finance receivable portfolio. The allowance for finance receivable losses as a percentage of net finance receivables for personal loans increased from the prior year period primarily due to the weakened macroeconomic environment. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about the changes in the allowance for finance receivable losses.
TDR FINANCE RECEIVABLES
We may modify the terms of our finance receivables to assist borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. When we modify a loan’s contractual terms for economic or other reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties and grant a concession that we would not otherwise consider, we classify that loan as a TDR finance receivable.
Information regarding TDR net finance receivables for personal loans are as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | Personal Loans | Segment to GAAP Adjustment | GAAP Basis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||
| TDR net finance receivables | $ | 915 | $ | (11) | $ | 904 | |||||||||
| Allowance for TDR finance receivable losses | 373 | (4) | 369 | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| TDR net finance receivables | $ | 671 | $ | (21) | $ | 650 | |||||||||
| Allowance for TDR finance receivable losses | 279 | (9) | 270 |
There were no credit cards classified as TDR finance receivables at December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.
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DISTRIBUTION OF FINANCE RECEIVABLES BY FICO SCORE
There are many different categorizations used in the consumer lending industry to describe the creditworthiness of a borrower, including prime, near-prime, and sub-prime. While management does not utilize FICO scores to manage credit quality, we group FICO scores into the following categories for comparability purposes across our industry:
•Prime: FICO score of 660 or higher
•Near-prime: FICO score of 620-659
•Sub-prime: FICO score of 619 or below
Our customers’ demographics are, in many respects, near the national median but may vary from national norms in terms of credit and repayment histories. Many of our customers have experienced some level of prior financial difficulty or have limited credit experience and require higher levels of servicing and support from our branch network and central servicing operations.
The following table reflects our net finance receivables grouped into the categories described above based on borrower FICO credit scores as of the most recently refreshed date or as of the loan origination or purchase date:
| (dollars in millions) | Personal Loans | Credit Cards | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||
| FICO scores | |||||||||||
| 660 or higher | $ | 4,255 | $ | 15 | $ | 4,270 | |||||
| 620-659 | 4,986 | 37 | 5,023 | ||||||||
| 619 or below | 10,638 | 55 | 10,693 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 19,879 | $ | 107 | $ | 19,986 | |||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||
| FICO scores * | |||||||||||
| 660 or higher | $ | 4,897 | $ | 14 | $ | 4,911 | |||||
| 620-659 | 5,321 | 7 | 5,328 | ||||||||
| 619 or below | 8,969 | 4 | 8,973 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 19,187 | $ | 25 | $ | 19,212 |
* Due to the impact of COVID-19, FICO scores as of December 31, 2021 may have been positively impacted by government stimulus measures, borrower assistance programs, and potentially inconsistent reporting to credit bureaus.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
SOURCES AND USES OF FUNDS
We finance the majority of our operating liquidity and capital needs through a combination of cash flows from operations, secured debt, unsecured debt, borrowings from revolving conduit facilities, whole loan sales, and equity. We may also utilize other sources in the future. As a holding company, all of the funds generated from our operations are earned by our operating subsidiaries. Our operating subsidiaries’ primary cash needs relate to funding our lending activities, our debt service obligations, our operating expenses, payment of insurance claims, and expenditures relating to upgrading and monitoring our technology platform, risk systems, and branch locations.
We have previously purchased portions of our unsecured indebtedness, and we may elect to purchase additional portions of our unsecured indebtedness or securitized borrowings in the future. Future purchases may be made through the open market, privately negotiated transactions with third parties, or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers, all of which are subject to terms, prices, and consideration we may determine at our discretion.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, OMH generated net income of $878 million. OMH’s net cash inflow from operating and investing activities totaled $268 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, our scheduled principal and interest payments for 2023 on our existing debt (excluding securitizations) totaled $1.5 billion. As of December 31, 2022, we had $9.3 billion of unencumbered loans.
Based on our estimates and considering the risks and uncertainties of our plans, we believe that we will have adequate liquidity to finance and operate our businesses and repay our obligations as they become due for at least the next 24 months.
OMFC’s Unsecured Corporate Revolver
At December 31, 2022, the borrowing capacity of our corporate revolver was $1.25 billion, and no amounts were drawn.
OMFC’s Redemption and Repurchases of Unsecured Debt
For information regarding the redemption and open market repurchases of OMFC’s unsecured debt, see Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
Securitizations and Borrowings from Revolving Conduit Facilities
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we completed four personal loan securitizations (OMFIT 2022-S1, ODART 2022-1, OMFIT 2022-2, and OMFIT 2022-3, see “Securitized Borrowings” below) and redeemed five personal loan securitizations (ODART 2018-1, OMFIT 2019-1, OMFIT 2015-3, OMFIT 2018-1, and OMFIT 2016-3). During the year ended December 31, 2022, we entered into one new revolving conduit facility. At December 31, 2022, $50 million was drawn under our revolving conduit facilities, and the remaining borrowing capacity was $6.1 billion. At December 31, 2022, we had $10.3 billion of gross finance receivables pledged as collateral for our securitizations, revolving conduit facilities, and private secured term funding.
Private Secured Term Funding
On April 25, 2022, OMFC entered into a $350 million private secured term funding collateralized by our personal loans. No principal payments are required to be made during the first three years, followed by a subsequent one-year amortization period at the expiration of which the outstanding principal amount is due and payable.
See Notes 8 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, private secured term funding, and revolving conduit facilities.
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Credit Ratings
Our credit ratings impact our ability to access capital markets and our borrowing costs. Rating agencies base their ratings on numerous factors, including liquidity, capital adequacy, asset quality, quality of earnings, and the probability of systemic support. Significant changes in these factors could result in different ratings.
The table below outlines OMFC’s long-term corporate debt ratings and outlook by rating agencies:
| As of December 31, 2022 | Rating | Outlook | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S&P | BB | Stable | ||
| Moody’s | Ba2 | Stable | ||
| KBRA | BB+ | Positive |
Currently, no other entity has a corporate debt rating, though they may be rated in the future.
Stock Repurchased
During the year ended December 31, 2022, OMH repurchased 7,181,023 shares of its common stock through its stock repurchase program for an aggregate total of $303 million, including commissions and fees. As of December 31, 2022, OMH held a total of 13,813,476 shares of treasury stock. To provide funding for the OMH stock repurchases, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized dividend payments in the amount of $280 million.
For additional information regarding the shares repurchased, see Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities of Part II included in this report.
Cash Dividend to OMH's Common Stockholders
As of December 31, 2022, the dividend declarations for the current year by the Board were as follows:
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Payment Date | Dividend Per Share | Amount Paid | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| February 2, 2022 | February 14, 2022 | February 18, 2022 | $ | 0.95 | $ | 121 | ||||||
| April 28, 2022 | May 9, 2022 | May 13, 2022 | 0.95 | 118 | ||||||||
| July 27, 2022 | August 8, 2022 | August 12, 2022 | 0.95 | 117 | ||||||||
| October 26, 2022 | November 7, 2022 | November 14, 2022 | 0.95 | 116 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 3.80 | $ | 472 |
To provide funding for the dividend, OMFC paid dividends of $471 million to OMH during the year ended December 31, 2022.
On February 7, 2023, OMH declared a dividend of $1.00 per share payable on February 24, 2023 to record holders of OMH's common stock as of the close of business on February 17, 2023. To provide funding for the OMH dividend, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized a dividend in the amount of up to $121 million payable on or after February 17, 2023.
While OMH intends to pay its minimum quarterly dividend, currently $1.00 per share, for the foreseeable future, all subsequent dividends will be reviewed and declared at the discretion of the Board and will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applicable to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that the Board deems relevant. OMH’s dividend payments may change from time to time, and the Board may choose not to continue to declare dividends in the future. See our “Dividend Policy” in Part II - Item 5 of this report for further information.
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Whole Loan Sale Transactions
As of December 31, 2022, we have whole loan sale flow agreements with third parties, with remaining terms of up to one year, in which we agreed to sell a combined total of $180 million gross receivables per quarter of newly originated unsecured personal loans along with any associated accrued interest. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold $720 million of gross finance receivables, compared to $505 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on the whole loan sale transactions.
LIQUIDITY
OMH's Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations of $2.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022 reflected net income of $878 million, the impact of non-cash items, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $90 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021 reflected net income of $1.3 billion, the impact of non-cash items, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $48 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2020 reflected net income of $730 million, the impact of non-cash items, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $118 million.
OMH's Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities of $2.1 billion for both the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was primarily due to net principal originations and purchases of finance receivables and purchases of available-for-sale and other securities, partially offset by the proceeds from sales of finance receivables and calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities. Net cash used for investing activities of $751 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to net principal originations of finance receivables and purchases of available-for-sale and other securities, partially offset by calls, sales and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities.
OMH's Financing Activities
Net cash used for financing activities of $326 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 was primarily due to repayments and repurchases of long-term debt, cash dividends paid, and the cash paid to repurchase common stock, partially offset by the issuance and borrowings of long-term debt. Net cash used for financing activities of $1.8 billion and $370 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, were primarily due to debt repayments, cash dividends paid, and the cash paid to repurchase common stock, partially offset by the issuance and borrowings of long-term debt.
OMH's Cash and Investments
At December 31, 2022, we had $498 million of cash and cash equivalents, which included $147 million of cash and cash equivalents held at our regulated insurance subsidiaries or for other operating activities that is unavailable for general corporate purposes.
At December 31, 2022, we had $1.8 billion of investment securities, which are all held as part of our insurance operations and are unavailable for general corporate purposes.
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Liquidity Risks and Strategies
OMFC’s credit ratings are non-investment grade, which has a significant impact on our cost and access to capital. This, in turn, can negatively affect our ability to manage our liquidity and our ability or cost to refinance our indebtedness.
There are numerous risks to our financial results, liquidity, capital raising, and debt refinancing plans, some of which may not be quantified in our current liquidity forecasts. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
•our inability to grow or maintain our personal loan portfolio with adequate profitability;
•the effect of federal, state and local laws, regulations, or regulatory policies and practices;
•effects of ratings downgrades on our secured or unsecured debt;
•potential liability relating to real estate and personal loans which we have sold or may sell in the future, or relating to securitized loans; and
•the potential for disruptions in the debt and equity markets.
The principal factors that could decrease our liquidity are customer delinquencies and defaults, a decline in customer prepayments, rising interest rates, and a prolonged inability to adequately access capital market funding. We intend to support our liquidity position by utilizing some or all of the following strategies:
•maintaining disciplined underwriting standards and pricing for loans we originate or purchase and managing purchases of finance receivables;
•pursuing additional debt financings (including new secured and unsecured debt issuances, debt refinancing transactions, unsecured corporate revolvers, and revolving conduit facilities), or a combination of the foregoing;
•purchasing portions of our outstanding indebtedness through open market or privately negotiated transactions with third parties or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers or otherwise, upon such terms and at such prices, as well as with such consideration, as we may determine; and
•obtaining new and extending existing secured revolving facilities to provide committed liquidity in case of prolonged market fluctuations.
However, it is possible that the actual outcome of one or more of our plans could be materially different than expected or that one or more of our significant judgments or estimates could prove to be materially incorrect.
OUR INSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to state regulations that limit their ability to pay dividends. See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 included in this report for further information on these state restrictions and the dividends paid by our insurance subsidiaries from 2020 through 2022.
OUR DEBT AGREEMENTS
The debt agreements which OMFC and its subsidiaries are a party to include customary terms and conditions, including covenants and representations and warranties. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II - Item 8 included in this report for more information on the restrictive covenants under OMFC’s debt agreements, as well as the guarantees of OMFC’s long-term debt.
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Securitized Borrowings
We execute private securitizations under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As of December 31, 2022, our structured financings consisted of the following:
| (dollars in millions) | Issue Amount (a) | Initial Collateral Balance | Current Note Amounts Outstanding (a) | Current Collateral Balance (b) | Current Weighted Average Interest Rate | Original Revolving Period | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMFIT 2018-2 | 368 | 381 | 350 | 400 | 3.87 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-2 | 900 | 947 | 900 | 995 | 3.30 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-A | 789 | 892 | 750 | 892 | 3.78 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2020-1 | 821 | 958 | 457 | 556 | 4.34 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2020-2 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 2.03 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2021-1 | 850 | 904 | 850 | 904 | 2.46 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-S1 | 600 | 652 | 600 | 652 | 4.31 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-2 | 1,000 | 1,099 | 1,000 | 1,099 | 5.17 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2022-3 (c) | 979 | 1,090 | 796 | 1,090 | 6.00 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||
| ODART 2019-1 | 737 | 750 | 700 | 750 | 3.79 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||
| ODART 2021-1 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 0.98 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||
| ODART 2022-1 | 600 | 632 | 600 | 632 | 4.92 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||
| Total securitizations | $ | 9,644 | $ | 10,411 | $ | 9,003 | $ | 10,076 |
(a) Issue Amount includes the retained interest amounts as applicable and the Current Note Amounts Outstanding balances reflect pay-downs subsequent to note issuance and exclude retained interest amounts.
(b) Inclusive of in-process replenishments of collateral for securitized borrowings in a revolving status as of December 31, 2022.
(c) On December 14, 2022, we issued $979 million of notes backed by personal loans and retained the Class C and Class D notes in the amount of $183 million. The notes mature in May of 2034.
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Revolving Conduit Facilities
In addition to the structured financings, we had access to 15 revolving conduit facilities with a total borrowing capacity of $6.2 billion as of December 31, 2022:
| (dollars in millions) | Advance Maximum Balance | Amount Drawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OneMain Financial Funding VII, LLC | $ | 600 | $ | — | |||
| OneMain Financial Funding IX, LLC | 600 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Auto Funding I, LLC | 550 | — | |||||
| Seine River Funding, LLC | 550 | — | |||||
| Hudson River Funding, LLC | 500 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding VIII, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| River Thames Funding, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding X, LLC | 400 | 50 | |||||
| Chicago River Funding, LLC | 375 | — | |||||
| Mystic River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Thayer Brook Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Columbia River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Hubbard River Funding, LLC | 250 | — | |||||
| New River Funding Trust | 250 | — | |||||
| St. Lawrence River Funding, LLC | 250 | — | |||||
| Total | $ | 6,175 | $ | 50 |
Contractual Obligations
At December 31, 2022, our material contractual obligations were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | 2023 | 2024-2025 | 2026-2027 | 2028+ | Securitizations | Private Secured Term Funding | Revolving Conduit Facilities | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principal maturities on long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitization debt (a) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,003 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,003 | |||||||||||||||
| Medium-term notes | 1,004 | 2,519 | 2,350 | 2,933 | — | — | — | 8,806 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debt | — | — | — | 350 | — | — | — | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private secured term funding (a) | — | — | — | — | — | 350 | — | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revolving conduit facilities (a) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 | 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total principal maturities | 1,004 | 2,519 | 2,350 | 3,283 | 9,003 | 350 | 50 | 18,559 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payments on debt (b) | 513 | 787 | 435 | 1,124 | 899 | 64 | 9 | 3,831 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,517 | $ | 3,306 | $ | 2,785 | $ | 4,407 | $ | 9,902 | $ | 414 | $ | 59 | $ | 22,390 |
(a) On-balance sheet securitizations, private secured term funding, and borrowings under revolving conduit facilities are not included in maturities by period due to their variable monthly payments.
(b) Future interest payments on floating-rate debt are estimated based upon rates in effect at December 31, 2022.
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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by SEC rules, and we had no material off-balance sheet exposure to losses associated with unconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We consider the following policies to be our most critical accounting policies because they involve critical accounting estimates and a significant degree of management judgment:
ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES
We estimate the expected credit losses on our finance receivables over their expected lives based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of collectability. No new volume is assumed. Personal loan renewals are a significant piece of our new volume and are considered a terminal event of the previous loan. For our personal loans, we have elected not to measure an allowance on accrued finance charges as it is our policy to reverse finance charges previously accrued after four contractual payments become past due.
Our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses is primarily based on historical loss experience using a cumulative loss model applied to our personal loan portfolios. Our gross credit loss expectation is offset by the estimate of future recoveries using historical recovery curves. Our personal loans are primarily segmented in the loss model by contractual delinquency status. Other attributes in the model include collateral mix and recent credit score. To estimate the gross credit losses, the model utilizes a roll rate matrix to project the first 12 months of losses and historical cohort performance to project the expected losses over the remaining term. Our methodology relies on historical loss experience to forecast the corresponding future outcomes. These patterns are then applied to the current portfolio to obtain an estimate of future losses.
Management exercises its judgment when determining the amount of allowance for finance receivable losses. Our judgment is based on quantitative analyses, qualitative factors, such as recent portfolio, industry, and other economic trends, and experience in the consumer finance industry. We may adjust the amounts determined by our model for management’s estimate of the effects of model imprecision which include but are not limited to, any changes to underwriting criteria and portfolio seasoning.
Forecasting macroeconomic conditions requires significant judgment and estimation uncertainty. We consider key economic factors, most notably unemployment rates, to incorporate into our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses. Our macroeconomic forecast considers various scenarios of economic projections from industry leading forecast providers, and extends over our reasonable and supportable forecast period, after which we revert to a historical average.
Due to the judgment and uncertainty in estimating the expected credit losses, we may experience changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Macroeconomic Sensitivity
To demonstrate the sensitivity of forecasting macroeconomic conditions, we compared the output of our model using a baseline scenario to that of a downside scenario. As of December 31, 2022, the impact of a ten percentage point increase in weighting towards a downside scenario increased the estimate by approximately $25 million.
The macroeconomic scenarios are highly influenced by the timing, severity, and duration of changes in the underlying economic factors. This makes it difficult to estimate how potential changes in economic factors affect the estimated credit losses. Therefore, this hypothetical analysis is not intended to represent our expectation of changes in our estimate of expected credit losses due to a change in the macroeconomic environment, nor does it consider management’s judgment of other quantitative and qualitative information which could increase or decrease the estimate.
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TDR FINANCE RECEIVABLES
When we modify a personal loan’s contractual terms for economic or other reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties and grant a concession that we would not otherwise consider, we classify that loan as a TDR finance receivable. Loan modifications primarily involve a combination of the following to reduce the borrower’s monthly payment: reduce interest rate, extend the term, defer or forgive past due interest or forgive principal. Account modifications that are deemed to be a TDR finance receivable are measured for impairment in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the accounting for impaired loans.
The allowance for finance receivable losses related to our personal loan TDR finance receivables represent loan-specific reserves based on an analysis of the present value of expected future cash flows. We establish our allowance for finance receivable losses related to our TDR finance receivables by calculating the present value (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate prior to modification) of all expected cash flows less the recorded investment in the aggregated pool. We use historical cash flow performance by TDR segments to estimate expected cash flows from our current portfolio of TDR finance receivables.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Seasonality
Our personal loan volume is generally highest during the second and fourth quarters of the year, primarily due to marketing efforts and seasonality of demand. Demand for our personal loans is usually lower in January and February after the holiday season and as a result of tax refunds. Delinquencies on our personal loans are generally lower in the first and second quarters and tend to rise throughout the remainder of the year. These seasonal trends contribute to fluctuations in our operating results and cash needs throughout the year.
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FY 2021 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001584207-22-000005.
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of OMH's financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risk, uncertainties, and assumptions. See “Forward-Looking Statements” included in this report for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed in “Risk Factors” included in this report.
An index to our management’s discussion and analysis follows:
| Topic | Page | |
|---|---|---|
| Overview | 37 | |
| Recent Developments and Outlook | 39 | |
| Results of Operations | 42 | |
| Segment Results | 45 | |
| Credit Quality | 47 | |
| Liquidity and Capital Resources | 52 | |
| Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | 58 | |
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | 59 | |
| Seasonality | 59 |
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Overview
We are a leading provider of responsible personal loan products, primarily to nonprime customers. In 2021, we also began offering credit cards. Our branch network of approximately 1,400 locations in 44 states is staffed with expert personnel and is complemented by our centralized operations and our digital platform, which provides current and prospective customers the option of applying for a personal loan or credit card via our website, www.omf.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report. In connection with our personal loan business, our insurance subsidiaries offer our customers optional credit and non-credit insurance, and other products.
In addition to our loan originations, and insurance and other product sales activities, we service loans owned by us and service loans owned by third parties; pursue strategic acquisitions and dispositions of assets and businesses, including loan portfolios or other financial assets; and may establish joint ventures or enter into other strategic alliances.
OUR PRODUCTS
Our product offerings include:
•Personal Loans — We offer personal loans through our branch network, centralized operations, and our website, www.omf.com, to customers who generally need timely access to cash. Our personal loans are non-revolving, with a fixed rate, fixed terms generally between three and six years, and are secured by automobiles, other titled collateral, or are unsecured. At December 31, 2021, we had approximately 2.34 million personal loans totaling $19.2 billion of net finance receivables, of which 52% were secured by titled property, compared to approximately 2.30 million personal loans totaling $18.1 billion of net finance receivables, of which 53% were secured by titled property at December 31, 2020. We also service personal loans for our whole loan sale partners, which we commenced during the first quarter of 2021.
•Credit Cards — In the third quarter of 2021, we began offering credit cards through a third-party bank partner from which we purchase the receivable balances. The credit cards are offered through our branch network, direct mail marketing, and direct-to-consumer via our affiliates. Credit cards are open-ended, revolving, with a fixed rate, and are unsecured. At December 31, 2021, we had approximately 66 thousand open credit card customer accounts, totaling $25 million of net finance receivables.
•Insurance Products — We offer our customers optional credit insurance products (life insurance, disability insurance, and involuntary unemployment insurance) and optional non-credit insurance products through both our branch network and our centralized operations. Credit insurance and non-credit insurance products are provided by our affiliated insurance companies. We offer GAP coverage as a waiver product or insurance. We also offer optional membership plans from an unaffiliated company.
Our non-originating legacy products include:
•Other Receivables — We ceased originating real estate loans in 2012 and we continue to service or sub-service liquidating real estate loans. Our real estate loans held for sale are reported in “Other assets” of our consolidated balance sheets.
OUR SEGMENT
At December 31, 2021, Consumer and Insurance (“C&I”) is our only reportable segment, which includes personal loans, credit cards, and insurance products. At December 31, 2021, we managed a combined total of 2.45 million customer accounts and $19.6 billion of managed receivables.
The remaining components (which we refer to as “Other”) consist of our liquidating SpringCastle Portfolio servicing activity and our non-originating legacy operations, which primarily include our liquidating real estate loans. See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about our segment.
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HOW WE ASSESS OUR BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
We closely monitor the primary drivers of pretax operating income, which consist of the following:
Interest Income
We track interest income, including certain fees earned on our finance receivables, and continually monitor the components that impact our yield. We include any late charges on loans that we have collected from customer payments in interest income.
Interest Expense
We track the interest expense incurred on our debt, along with amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts, and issuance costs, to monitor the components of our cost of funds. We expect interest expense to fluctuate based on changes in the secured versus unsecured mix of our debt, time to maturity, the cost of funds rate, and utilization of revolving conduit facilities.
Net Credit Losses
The credit quality of our loans is driven by our underwriting philosophy, which considers the prospective customer’s household budget, his or her willingness and capacity to repay, and the underlying collateral on the loan. We closely analyze credit performance because the profitability of our loan portfolio is directly connected to net credit losses. We define net credit losses as gross charge-offs minus recoveries in the portfolio. Additionally, because delinquencies are an early indicator of future net credit losses, we analyze delinquency trends, adjusting for seasonality, to determine whether our loans are performing in line with our original estimates. We also monitor recovery rates because of their contribution to the reduction in the severity of our charge-offs.
Operating Expenses
We assess our operational efficiency using various metrics and conduct extensive analysis to determine whether fluctuations in cost and expense levels indicate operational trends that need to be addressed. Our operating expense analysis also includes a review of origination and servicing costs to assist us in managing overall profitability.
Finance Receivables Originations and Purchase Volume
Because loan volume and portfolio size determine the magnitude of the impact of each of the above factors on our earnings, we also closely monitor originations and purchase volume and annual percentage rate.
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Recent Developments and Outlook
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Credit Cards - BrightWay and BrightWay+
As part of our mission to improve the financial well-being of hardworking Americans, we continue to invest in new products and services that help our customers solve for their present needs while helping them build a stronger financial tomorrow. In the third quarter of 2021, we began offering our two credit cards, BrightWay and BrightWay+, giving our customers access to more credit, while also enabling a better financial future. Credit cards will help customers take concrete steps to improve their financial well-being by offering tangible rewards for credit building behaviors. This is an important milestone for our company as we continue to deepen our existing customer relationships, attract new customers, and become the lender of choice for nonprime customers. We continue to expand credit card offerings across our branch network and through direct-to-consumer and affiliate card marketing.
Issuance and Redemption of Unsecured Debt
Redemption of 7.75% Senior Notes Due 2021
On January 8, 2021, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $681 million, inclusive of accrued interest and premiums, to complete the redemption of its 7.75% Senior Notes due 2021.
Social Bond Offering - Issuance of 3.50% Senior Notes Due 2027
As part of our commitment to improve the financial well-being of hardworking Americans, OMFC issued its inaugural Social Bond offering on June 22, 2021 for a total of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 3.50% Senior Notes due 2027. We intend to allocate an amount equivalent to the net proceeds of the offering to finance or re-finance, in part or in full, a portfolio of new or existing loans that meet the eligibility criteria of the OneMain Social Bond Framework. This offering advances our goal of enabling access to responsible financial products and services for vulnerable and/or historically underserved populations. At least 75% of the loans funded by the Social Bond will be allocated to women and/or minority borrowers as outlined in OneMain’s Social Bond Framework, which is available on OneMain’s Investor Relations website.
Issuance of 3.875% Senior Notes Due 2028
On August 11, 2021, OMFC issued a total of $600 million of aggregate principal amount of 3.875% Senior Notes due 2028.
Redemption of 6.125% Senior Notes Due 2022
On December 10, 2021, OMFC paid a net aggregate amount of $1.0 billion, inclusive of accrued interest and premiums, to complete the redemption of its 6.125% Senior Notes due 2022.
Unsecured Corporate Revolver
On October 25, 2021, OMFC entered into an unsecured corporate revolver with a total maximum borrowing capacity of $1.0 billion. At December 31, 2021, no amounts were drawn under this facility.
For further information regarding the issuances and redemption of our unsecured debt and our corporate revolver, see Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
Securitization Transactions Completed: OMFIT 2021-1 and ODART 2021-1
For information regarding the issuances of our secured debt, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
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Apollo-Värde Group Share Sales
We entered into two underwriting agreements, in February and April of 2021, with certain entities managed by affiliates of Apollo-Värde Group, in their capacities as selling stockholders (the “Selling Stockholders”), and several underwriters, for sale by the Selling Stockholders of up to 9,200,000 shares per agreement of OMH’s common stock. The two secondary public offerings closed during the first half of 2021 and resulted in the sale by the Selling Stockholders of 18,400,000 shares of OMH common stock. We did not receive any proceeds from the sales of the shares by the Selling Stockholders in these transactions.
We entered into three underwriting agreements, in July, August, and October of 2021, with an entity managed by affiliates of Apollo, in its capacity as selling stockholder (the “Selling Stockholder”), and an underwriter for sales by the Selling Stockholder of 10,925,000, 8,050,000, and 10,010,208 shares, respectively, of OMH’s common stock. The three secondary public offerings closed during the second half of 2021 and resulted in the sale by the Selling Stockholder of a total of 28,985,208 shares of OMH common stock. The shares sold represented all of the shares that were held by the Selling Stockholder. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholder in these transactions.
Prior to the secondary public offerings described above, the Apollo-Värde Group was entitled to designate six of OMH's nine directors, as provided for in the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement (“Stockholders Agreement”). As a result of the share sales, Apollo is no longer a stockholder. Värde retained a portion of their shares, and as of December 31, 2021, Värde and funds managed by Värde beneficially owned approximately 5.9% of OMH common stock. Värde currently has the right to designate one director of the OMH Board of Directors, pursuant to the Stockholders Agreement, as a result of beneficially owning less than 10% but greater than 5% of the voting power of OMH common stock.
August and October Concurrent Share Buybacks
On August 3, 2021, pursuant to the July 2021 underwriting agreement, we concurrently purchased 1,700,000 of the shares of OMH common stock at a purchase price of $58.36 per share, which is equal to the price at which the underwriter purchased the shares from the Selling Stockholder, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $99 million (the “August Concurrent Share Buyback”). On October 28, 2021, pursuant to the October 2021 underwriting agreement, we concurrently purchased 1,870,000 of the shares of OMH common stock at a purchase price of $53.45 per share, which is equal to the price at which the underwriter purchased the shares from the Selling Stockholder, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $100 million (the “October Concurrent Share Buyback”). The terms and conditions of the August and October Concurrent Share Buybacks were reviewed and approved by a special committee of the Board, comprised of independent and disinterested directors of OMH. The August and October Concurrent Share Buybacks were made pursuant to separate Board authorizations and did not reduce our availability of repurchases under our stock repurchase program commenced during the second quarter of 2021. The August and October Concurrent Share Buybacks were funded from our existing cash on hand. The underwriter did not receive any compensation for the shares of OMH common stock repurchased by OMH.
Stock Repurchase Program
During the second quarter of 2021 we commenced our stock repurchase program. In December 2021, the Board increased the share repurchase authorization to $300 million from the previously announced $200 million. As of December 31, 2021, we had $86 million of authorized share repurchase capacity, excluding fees and commissions, remaining under the program.
On February 2, 2022, the Board authorized a new stock repurchase program, which allows us to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of the OMH’s outstanding common stock, excluding fees, commissions, and other expenses related to the repurchases. The authorization expires on December 31, 2024. The new program replaces the previous share repurchase program.
See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities in Part II of this report for further information on our shares repurchased.
Cash Dividends to OMH's Common Stockholders
For information regarding the quarterly dividends declared by OMH, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in this report.
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Acquisition of Trim
On May 14, 2021, we completed our previously announced acquisition of Ask Benjamin, Inc. (“Trim”), a customer-focused financial wellness fintech company. The acquisition of Trim will enhance our mission to help our customers progress to a better financial future and further expand the ways in which we help our customers improve their financial well-being.
Resignations and Election of Member(s) of the OMH and OMFC Board of Directors
On March 5, 2021, Phyllis R. Caldwell was elected to the OMH Board of Directors, effective June 1, 2021.
On July 19, 2021, Adam Rosman resigned from the OMFC Board of Directors and Jeannette Osterhout was elected to the OMFC Board of Directors.
On November 1, 2021, Matthew R. Michelini and Lisa Green Hall resigned from and Philip L. Bronner was elected to the OMH Board of Directors, effective November 8, 2021.
On January 27, 2022, Toos N. Daruvala was elected to the OMH Board of Directors, effective February 14, 2022.
Management’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
In early 2020, COVID-19 evolved into a global pandemic, resulting in widespread volatility and deterioration in economic conditions across the United States. Governmental authorities continue to take steps to combat the spread of COVID-19, including the ongoing distribution of COVID-19 vaccines. During the pandemic, we continue to focus on assisting and supporting our customers and employees, while remaining committed to the safety of our employees. We continue to serve our customers by keeping our branch locations open with appropriate protective protocols in place and through our digital closing solutions. This combination has enhanced our operating performance through the pandemic and enabled us to serve and support our customers effectively during these unprecedented times. We believe the actions we have taken and the underlying strength of our balance sheet has positioned us to take advantage of growth opportunities as the economy continues to recover.
OUTLOOK
We are actively managing the continuing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and remain prepared for any additional opportunities or challenges that may impact our industry or business. The impact on our financial condition and results of operations depends on the continued progress of the economic recovery, which is dependent on unemployment rates, inflationary pressures, supply chain concerns, and businesses’ ability to remain open. There is also uncertainty regarding the effects of additional variants of COVID-19 and the impact of vaccination rates. Current credit performance trends continue to be favorable, yet are trending back to pre-pandemic levels. We will continue to incorporate updates, as necessary, to our macroeconomic assumptions which could lead to further adjustments in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Our experienced management team continues to remain focused on our strategic priorities of maintaining a solid balance sheet with an adequate liquidity runway and capital coverage, upholding a conservative and disciplined underwriting model, and building strong relationships with our customers. We are well positioned to continue supporting and serving our customers, investing in our business, and driving growth while creating value for our stockholders as we effectively navigate the evolving economic, social, political, and regulatory environments in which we operate.
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Results of Operations
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relates only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information.
OMH'S CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
See the table below for OMH's consolidated operating results and selected financial statistics. A further discussion of OMH's operating results for our operating segment is provided under “Segment Results” below.
| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,364 | $ | 4,368 | $ | 4,127 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 937 | 1,027 | 970 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 593 | 1,319 | 1,129 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 2,834 | 2,022 | 2,028 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 531 | 526 | 622 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,624 | 1,571 | 1,552 | ||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 1,741 | 977 | 1,098 | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes | 427 | 247 | 243 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 1,314 | $ | 730 | $ | 855 | |||||||||
| Share Data: | |||||||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 9.87 | $ | 5.41 | $ | 6.27 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,212 | $ | 18,084 | $ | 18,389 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 18,281 | $ | 17,997 | $ | 17,055 | |||||||||
| Yield | 23.84 | % | 24.24 | % | 24.13 | % | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio | 5.41 | % | 6.46 | % | 6.79 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.21) | % | (0.92) | % | (0.74) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio | 4.20 | % | 5.54 | % | 6.05 | % | |||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 2.43 | % | 2.28 | % | 2.46 | % | |||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,187 | $ | 18,084 | $ | 18,389 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 13,825 | $ | 10,729 | $ | 13,803 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,336,845 | 2,304,951 | 2,435,172 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,388,123 | 1,099,767 | 1,481,166 | ||||||||||||
| Credit cards (b): | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 25 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 26 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 65,513 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Debt balances: | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt balance | $ | 17,750 | $ | 17,800 | $ | 17,212 | |||||||||
| Average daily debt balance | $ | 17,441 | $ | 18,080 | $ | 16,336 |
(a) See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
(b) There were no credit cards for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 as the product offering began in 2021.
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Comparison of Consolidated Results for 2021 and 2020
Interest income remained relatively consistent in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to growth in our average net finance receivables, offset by lower yield.
Interest expense decreased $90 million or 8.8% in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to a lower average cost of funds along with a decrease in average outstanding debt.
See Notes 8 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, and our revolving conduit facilities.
Provision for finance receivable losses decreased $726 million or 55.0% in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to an improved outlook for unemployment and macroeconomic conditions resulting in a release in our allowance reserve in 2021 as compared to a build in 2020 at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a decrease in our net charge-offs due to improved credit performance aligning with government stimulus measures.
Other revenues increased $5 million or 1.0% in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to the gains on the sales of finance receivables associated with the whole loan sale program that commenced in 2021 and an increase in membership plans fee revenue due to loan origination growth. The increase was partially offset by higher net losses on the repurchases and repayments of debt and a decrease in investment revenue driven by lower interest rates on cash.
Other expenses increased $53 million or 3.4% in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to the expense associated with the cash-settled stock-based awards in the current year and an increase in general operating expenses due to growth in our receivables and our strategic investments in the business, compared to COVID-19 cost cutting measures in 2020. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in insurance policy and benefits claims expense resulting from lower than expected involuntary unemployment insurance claims.
Income taxes totaled $427 million for 2021 compared to $247 million for 2020. The effective tax rate for 2021 was 24.6% compared to 25.3% for 2020. The effective tax rate for 2021 and 2020 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the effect of state income taxes and discrete tax expense.
See Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on effective tax rates.
Comparison of Consolidated Results for 2020 and 2019
For a comparison of OMH's results of operation for the years ended 2020 and 2019, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—OMH’s Consolidated Results” in Part II - Item 7 of OMH's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on February 9, 2021.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Management uses C&I adjusted pretax income (loss), a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) represents income (loss) before income taxes on a Segment Accounting Basis and excludes the expense associated with the cash-settled stock-based awards, direct costs associated with COVID-19, acquisition-related transaction and integration expenses, net loss resulting from repurchases and repayments of debt, and restructuring charges. Management believes C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) is useful in assessing the profitability of our segment.
Management also uses C&I pretax capital generation, a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key performance measure of our segment. This measure represents C&I adjusted pretax income as discussed above and excludes the change in our C&I allowance for finance receivable losses in the period while still considering the C&I net charge-offs incurred during the period. Management believes that C&I pretax capital generation is useful in assessing the capital created in the period impacting the overall capital adequacy of the Company. Management believes that the Company’s reserves, combined with its equity, represent the Company’s loss absorption capacity.
Management utilizes both C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and C&I pretax capital generation in evaluating our performance. Additionally, both of these non-GAAP measures are consistent with the performance goals established in OMH’s executive compensation program. C&I adjusted pretax income (loss) and C&I pretax capital generation are non-GAAP financial measures and should be considered supplemental to, but not as a substitute for or superior to, income (loss) before income taxes, net income, or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP.
OMH's reconciliations of income before income tax expense on a Segment Accounting Basis to C&I adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) and C&I pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years Ended December 31, | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Consumer and Insurance | |||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes - Segment Accounting Basis | $ | 1,788 | $ | 1,021 | $ | 1,168 | |||||||||
| Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss on repurchases and repayments of debt | 70 | 36 | 30 | ||||||||||||
| Cash-settled stock-based awards | 54 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Direct costs associated with COVID-19 | 6 | 17 | — | ||||||||||||
| Acquisition-related transaction and integration expenses | — | 11 | 14 | ||||||||||||
| Net gain on sale of cost method investment | — | — | (11) | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | — | 7 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,918 | $ | 1,092 | $ | 1,206 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | $ | 587 | $ | 1,313 | $ | 1,105 | |||||||||
| Net charge-offs | (768) | (998) | (1,028) | ||||||||||||
| Pretax capital generation (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,737 | $ | 1,407 | $ | 1,283 |
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Segment Results
The results of OMFC are consolidated into the results of OMH. Due to the nominal differences between OMFC and OMH, content throughout this section relate only to OMH. See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information.
See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for a description of our segment and methodologies used to allocate revenues and expenses to our C&I segment.
CONSUMER AND INSURANCE
OMH's adjusted pretax income and selected financial statistics for C&I on an adjusted Segment Accounting Basis were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At or for the Years Ended December 31, | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 4,355 | $ | 4,353 | $ | 4,114 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | 930 | 1,007 | 947 | ||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 587 | 1,313 | 1,105 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for finance receivable losses | 2,838 | 2,033 | 2,062 | ||||||||||||
| Other revenues | 597 | 551 | 619 | ||||||||||||
| Other expenses | 1,517 | 1,492 | 1,475 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted pretax income (non-GAAP) | $ | 1,918 | $ | 1,092 | $ | 1,206 | |||||||||
| Selected Financial Statistics (a) | |||||||||||||||
| Total finance receivables: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,215 | $ | 18,091 | $ | 18,421 | |||||||||
| Average net receivables | $ | 18,286 | $ | 18,009 | $ | 17,089 | |||||||||
| Yield | 23.82 | % | 24.17 | % | 24.07 | % | |||||||||
| Gross charge-off ratio | 5.42 | % | 6.46 | % | 6.86 | % | |||||||||
| Recovery ratio | (1.21) | % | (0.92) | % | (0.84) | % | |||||||||
| Net charge-off ratio | 4.20 | % | 5.54 | % | 6.02 | % | |||||||||
| 30-89 Delinquency ratio | 2.43 | % | 2.28 | % | 2.47 | % | |||||||||
| Personal loans: | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 19,190 | $ | 18,091 | $ | 18,421 | |||||||||
| Origination volume | $ | 13,825 | $ | 10,729 | $ | 13,803 | |||||||||
| Number of accounts | 2,336,845 | 2,304,951 | 2,435,172 | ||||||||||||
| Number of accounts originated | 1,388,123 | 1,099,767 | 1,481,166 | ||||||||||||
| Credit cards (b): | |||||||||||||||
| Net finance receivables | $ | 25 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
| Purchase volume | $ | 26 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||
| Number of open accounts | 65,513 | — | — |
(a) See “Glossary” at the beginning of this report for formulas and definitions of our key performance ratios.
(b) There were no credit cards for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 as the product offering began in 2021.
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Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for 2021 and 2020
Interest income remained relatively consistent in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to growth in our average net finance receivables, offset by lower yield.
Interest expense decreased $77 million or 7.6% in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to a lower average cost of funds along with a decrease in average outstanding debt.
See Notes 8 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, and our revolving conduit facilities.
Provision for finance receivable losses decreased $726 million or 55.3% in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to an improved outlook for unemployment and macroeconomic conditions resulting in a release in our allowance reserve in 2021 as compared to a build in 2020 at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as a decrease in our net charge-offs due to improved credit performance aligning with government stimulus measures.
Other revenues increased $46 million or 8.3% in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due to the gains on the sales of finance receivables associated with the whole loan sale program that commenced in 2021 and an increase in membership plans fee revenue due to loan origination growth. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in investment revenue driven by lower interest rates on cash.
Other expenses increased $25 million or 1.7% in 2021 when compared to 2020 primarily due an increase in general operating expenses due to growth in our receivables and our strategic investments in the business, compared to COVID-19 cost cutting measures in 2020. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in insurance policy and benefits claims expense resulting from lower than expected involuntary unemployment insurance claims.
Comparison of Adjusted Pretax Income for 2020 and 2019
For a comparison of OMH's adjusted pretax income for C&I for the years ended 2020 and 2019, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—OMH’s Consolidated Results” in Part II -Item 7 of OMH's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on February 9, 2021.
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Credit Quality
FINANCE RECEIVABLES
Our net finance receivables, consisting of personal loans and credit cards, were $19.2 billion at December 31, 2021 and $18.1 billion at December 31, 2020. Our personal loans are non-revolving, with a fixed-rate, fixed terms generally between three and six years, and are secured by automobiles, other titled collateral, or are unsecured. During the third quarter of 2021, we began offering credit cards. Credit cards are open-ended, revolving, with a fixed rate, and are unsecured. We consider the delinquency status of our finance receivables as our key credit quality indicator. We monitor the delinquency of our finance receivable portfolio, including the migration between the delinquency buckets and changes in the delinquency trends to manage our exposure to credit risk in the portfolio. Our branch and central operation team members work with customers as necessary and offer a variety of borrower assistance programs to help customers continue to make payments.
DELINQUENCY
We monitor delinquency trends to evaluate the risk of future credit losses and employ advanced analytical tools to manage our exposure. Team members are actively engaged in collection activities throughout the early stages of delinquency. We closely track and report the percentage of receivables that are contractually 30-89 days past due as a benchmark of portfolio quality, collections effectiveness, and as a strong indicator of losses in coming quarters.
When personal loans are contractually 60 days past due, we consider these accounts to be at an increased risk for loss and collection of these accounts is handled by our centralized operations. Use of our centralized operations teams for managing late-stage delinquency allows us to apply more advanced collection technologies and tools and drives operating efficiencies in servicing. At 90 days contractually past due, we consider our personal loans to be nonperforming and stop accruing finance charges. We reverse finance charges previously accrued.
We accrue finance charges and fees on credit cards until charge-off at approximately 180 days past due and reverse finance charges and fees previously accrued.
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The delinquency information for net finance receivables was as follows:
| Consumer and Insurance | Segment to GAAP Adjustment | GAAP Basis | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (dollars in millions) | Personal Loans | Credit Cards | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Current | $ | 18,340 | $ | 25 | $ | (3) | $ | 18,362 | |||||||||
| 30-59 days past due | 282 | — | — | 282 | |||||||||||||
| 60-89 days past due | 185 | — | — | 185 | |||||||||||||
| 90+ days past due | 383 | — | — | 383 | |||||||||||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 19,190 | $ | 25 | $ | (3) | $ | 19,212 | |||||||||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||||||||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 2.43 | % | 0.08 | % | * | 2.43 | % | ||||||||||
| 30+ days past due | 4.43 | % | 0.08 | % | * | 4.42 | % | ||||||||||
| 60+ days past due | 2.96 | % | — | % | * | 2.96 | % | ||||||||||
| 90+ days past due | 2.00 | % | — | % | * | 1.99 | % | ||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Current | $ | 17,362 | * | $ | (7) | $ | 17,355 | ||||||||||
| 30-59 days past due | 251 | * | — | 251 | |||||||||||||
| 60-89 days past due | 162 | * | — | 162 | |||||||||||||
| 90+ days past due | 316 | * | — | 316 | |||||||||||||
| Total net finance receivables | $ | 18,091 | * | $ | (7) | $ | 18,084 | ||||||||||
| Delinquency ratio | |||||||||||||||||
| 30-89 days past due | 2.28 | % | * | * | 2.28 | % | |||||||||||
| 30+ days past due | 4.03 | % | * | * | 4.03 | % | |||||||||||
| 60+ days past due | 2.64 | % | * | * | 2.64 | % | |||||||||||
| 90+ days past due | 1.75 | % | * | * | 1.75 | % |
* Not applicable
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ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES
We estimate and record an allowance for finance receivable losses to cover the estimated lifetime expected credit losses on our finance receivables. Our allowance for finance receivable losses may fluctuate based upon changes in portfolio growth, credit quality, and economic conditions.
Our current methodology to estimate expected credit losses used the most recent macroeconomic forecasts, which incorporated the ongoing impacts of COVID-19 on the U.S. economy and the overall unemployment rate. We also considered inflationary pressures, supply chain concerns, and businesses’ ability to remain open. Our forecast leveraged economic projections from industry leading forecast providers. At December 31, 2021, our economic forecast used a reasonable and supportable period of 12 months. We may experience further changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | Consumer and Insurance | Segment to GAAP Adjustment | Consolidated Total | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal Loans | Credit Cards | ||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,283 | $ | — | $ | (14) | $ | 2,269 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 582 | 5 | 6 | 593 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (990) | — | 1 | (989) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 222 | — | — | 222 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,097 | $ | 5 | $ | (7) | $ | 2,095 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 10.93 | % | 19.91 | % | (a) | 10.90 | % | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020 (b) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 849 | $ | — | $ | (20) | $ | 829 | |||||||||
| Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 (c) | 1,119 | — | (1) | 1,118 | |||||||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,313 | — | 6 | 1,319 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,163) | — | 1 | (1,162) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 165 | — | — | 165 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 2,283 | $ | — | $ | (14) | $ | 2,269 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 12.62 | % | — | % | (a) | 12.55 | % | ||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 (b) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance at beginning of period | $ | 773 | $ | — | $ | (42) | $ | 731 | |||||||||
| Provision for finance receivable losses | 1,105 | — | 24 | 1,129 | |||||||||||||
| Charge-offs | (1,172) | — | 15 | (1,157) | |||||||||||||
| Recoveries | 143 | — | (17) | 126 | |||||||||||||
| Balance at end of period | $ | 849 | $ | — | $ | (20) | $ | 829 | |||||||||
| Allowance ratio | 4.61 | % | — | % | (a) | 4.51 | % |
(a) Not applicable.
(b) There were no credit cards for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 as the product offering began in 2021.
(c) As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we recorded a one-time adjustment to the allowance for finance receivable losses.
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The current delinquency status of our finance receivable portfolio, inclusive of recent borrower performance, volume of our TDR activity, level and recoverability of collateral securing our finance receivable portfolio, and the reasonable and supportable forecast of economic conditions are the primary drivers that can cause fluctuations in our allowance ratio from period to period. We monitor the allowance ratio to ensure we have a sufficient level of allowance for finance receivable losses based on the estimated lifetime expected credit losses in our finance receivable portfolio. The allowance for finance receivable losses as a percentage of net finance receivables for personal loans decreased from prior period primarily due to an improved outlook for unemployment and macroeconomic conditions, partially offset by growth in our loan portfolio, as compared to a build in our allowance reserve at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. See Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information about the changes in the allowance for finance receivable losses.
TDR FINANCE RECEIVABLES
We make modifications to our finance receivables to assist borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. When we modify a loan’s contractual terms for economic or other reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties and grant a concession that we would not otherwise consider, we classify that loan as a TDR finance receivable.
Information regarding TDR net finance receivables for personal loans are as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | Personal Loans | Segment to GAAP Adjustment | GAAP Basis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| TDR net finance receivables | $ | 671 | $ | (21) | $ | 650 | |||||||||
| Allowance for TDR finance receivable losses | 279 | (9) | 270 | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| TDR net finance receivables | $ | 728 | $ | (37) | $ | 691 | |||||||||
| Allowance for TDR finance receivable losses | 332 | (18) | 314 |
There were no credit cards classified as TDR finance receivables for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.
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DISTRIBUTION OF FINANCE RECEIVABLES BY FICO SCORE
There are many different categorizations used in the consumer lending industry to describe the creditworthiness of a borrower, including prime, near-prime, and sub-prime. While management does not utilize FICO scores to manage credit quality, we have presented the following on how we group FICO scores into said categories for comparability purposes across our industry:
•Prime: FICO score of 660 or higher
•Near-prime: FICO score of 620-659
•Sub-prime: FICO score of 619 or below
Our customers’ demographics are, in many respects, near the national median but may vary from national norms in terms of credit and repayment histories. Many of our customers have experienced some level of prior financial difficulty or have limited credit experience and require higher levels of servicing and support from our branch network and central servicing operations.
The following table reflects our net finance receivables grouped into the categories described above based on borrower FICO credit scores as of the most recently refreshed date or as of the loan origination or purchase date:
| (dollars in millions) | Personal Loans | Credit Cards | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||
| FICO scores * | |||||||||||
| 660 or higher | $ | 4,897 | $ | 14 | $ | 4,911 | |||||
| 620-659 | 5,321 | 7 | 5,328 | ||||||||
| 619 or below | 8,969 | 4 | 8,973 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 19,187 | $ | 25 | $ | 19,212 | |||||
| December 31, 2020 | |||||||||||
| FICO scores * | |||||||||||
| 660 or higher | $ | 4,653 | $ | — | $ | 4,653 | |||||
| 620-659 | 4,877 | — | 4,877 | ||||||||
| 619 or below | 8,554 | — | 8,554 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 18,084 | $ | — | $ | 18,084 |
* Due to the impact of COVID-19, FICO scores as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 may have been impacted by government stimulus measures, borrower assistance programs, and potentially inconsistent reporting to credit bureaus.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
SOURCES AND USES OF FUNDS
We finance the majority of our operating liquidity and capital needs through a combination of cash flows from operations, secured debt, unsecured debt, borrowings from revolving conduit facilities, whole loan sales, and equity. We may also utilize other sources in the future. As a holding company, all of the funds generated from our operations are earned by our operating subsidiaries. Our operating subsidiaries’ primary cash needs relate to funding our lending activities, our debt service obligations, our operating expenses, payment of insurance claims, and expenditures relating to upgrading and monitoring our technology platform, risk systems, and branch locations.
We have previously purchased portions of our unsecured indebtedness, and we may elect to purchase additional portions of our unsecured indebtedness or securitized borrowings in the future. Future purchases may be made through the open market, privately negotiated transactions with third parties, or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers, all of which are subject to terms, prices, and consideration we may determine at our discretion.
During 2021, OMH generated net income of $1.3 billion. OMH’s net cash inflow from operating and investing activities totaled $104 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2021, our scheduled interest payments for 2022 totaled $594 million and there are no scheduled principal payments for 2022 on our existing debt (excluding securitizations). As of December 31, 2021, we had $10.2 billion of unencumbered gross finance receivables.
Based on our estimates and considering the risks and uncertainties of our plans, we believe that we will have adequate liquidity to finance and operate our businesses and repay our obligations as they become due for at least the next 24 months.
OMFC’s Issuance and Notice of Redemption of Unsecured Debt
For information regarding the issuance and notice of redemption of OMFC's unsecured debt, see Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
OMFC’s Unsecured Corporate Revolver
On October 25, 2021, we entered into an unsecured corporate revolver. At December 31, 2021, the borrowing capacity of our corporate revolver was $1.0 billion, and no amounts were drawn.
Securitizations and Borrowings from Revolving Conduit Facilities
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we completed two personal loan securitizations (OMFIT 2021-1 and ODART 2021-1, see “Securitized Borrowings” below), and redeemed three personal loan securitizations (OMFIT 2017-1, SLFT 2015-B, and SLFT 2017-A). At December 31, 2021, we had $8.7 billion of gross finance receivables pledged as collateral for our securitization transactions.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we entered into two new revolving conduit facilities and terminated one revolving conduit facility. At December 31, 2021, an aggregate of $600 million was drawn under our conduit facilities, and the remaining borrowing capacity is $5.4 billion. Amounts drawn on these facilities are collateralized by our personal loans.
See Notes 8 and 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on our long-term debt, securitization transactions, and revolving conduit facilities.
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Credit Ratings
Our credit ratings impact our ability to access capital markets and our borrowing costs. Rating agencies base their ratings on numerous factors, including liquidity, capital adequacy, asset quality, quality of earnings, and the probability of systemic support. Significant changes in these factors could result in different ratings.
The table below outlines OMFC’s long-term corporate debt ratings and outlook by rating agencies:
| As of December 31, 2021 | Rating | Outlook | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S&P | BB- | Positive | ||
| Moody’s | Ba2 | Stable | ||
| KBRA | BB+ | Positive |
Currently, no other entity has a corporate debt rating, though they may be rated in the future.
Stock Repurchased
During the year ended December 31, 2021, OMH repurchased and held in treasury 3,142,923 shares of its common stock through its stock repurchase program for an aggregate total of $169 million, including commissions and fees. To provide funding for the OMH stock repurchase, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized dividend payments in the amount of $200 million.
Additionally, on August 3, 2021 and October 28, 2021, OMH participated in two concurrent share buybacks, in which we purchased 1,700,000 shares and 1,870,000 shares, respectively, of OMH common stock for an aggregate total of $99 million and $100 million, respectively. The terms and conditions of the August and October Concurrent Share Buybacks were reviewed and approved by a special committee of the Board, comprised of independent and disinterested directors of OMH. The August and October Concurrent Share Buybacks were made pursuant to separate Board authorizations and did not reduce our availability under the stock repurchase program. To provide funding for the Concurrent Share Buybacks, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized dividend payments in the amount of $199 million.
As of December 31, 2021, OMH held a total of 6,712,923 shares of treasury stock. For additional information regarding the shares repurchased, see Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities of Part II included in this report.
Cash Dividend to OMH's Common Stockholders
As of December 31, 2021, the dividend declarations for the current year by the Board were as follows:
| Declaration Date | Record Date | Payment Date | Dividend Per Share | Amount Paid | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions) | ||||||||||||
| February 8, 2021 | February 18, 2021 | February 25, 2021 | $ | 3.95 | * | $ | 531 | |||||
| April 26, 2021 | May 6, 2021 | May 13, 2021 | 0.70 | 94 | ||||||||
| July 21, 2021 | August 6, 2021 | August 13, 2021 | 4.20 | * | 555 | |||||||
| October 20, 2021 | November 2, 2021 | November 9, 2021 | 0.70 | 91 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 9.55 | $ | 1,271 |
* Our February 8, 2021 and July 21, 2021 dividend declarations included the minimum quarterly dividends of $0.45 per share and $0.70 per share, respectively.
To provide funding for the dividend, OMFC paid dividends of $1.3 billion to OMH during the year ended December 31, 2021.
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On February 2, 2022, OMH declared a dividend of $0.95 per share payable on February 18, 2022 to record holders of OMH's common stock as of the close of business on February 14, 2022. To provide funding for the OMH dividend, the OMFC Board of Directors authorized a dividend in the amount of up to $122 million payable on or after February 14, 2022.
While OMH intends to pay its minimum quarterly dividend, currently $0.95 per share, for the foreseeable future, all subsequent dividends will be reviewed and declared at the discretion of the Board and will depend on many factors, including our financial condition, earnings, cash flows, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applicable to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that the Board deems relevant. OMH's dividend payments may change from time to time, and the Board may choose not to continue to declare dividends in the future. See our “Dividend Policy” in Part II - Item 5 of this report for further information.
Whole Loan Sale Transactions
As of December 31, 2021, we have whole loan sale flow agreements with third parties, with remaining terms ranging between one to two years, in which we agreed to sell a combined total of $180 million gross receivables per quarter of newly originated unsecured personal loans along with any associated accrued interest. Our first sale was executed in the first quarter of 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we sold $505 million of gross finance receivables. For further information on the whole loan sale transactions, see Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
LIQUIDITY
OMH's Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations of $2.2 billion for 2021 reflected net income of $1.3 billion, the impact of non-cash items, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $48 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.2 billion for 2020 reflected net income of $730 million, the impact of non-cash items, and an unfavorable change in working capital of $118 million. Net cash provided by operations of $2.4 billion for 2019 reflected net income of $855 million, the impact of non-cash items, and a favorable change in working capital of $67 million.
OMH's Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities of $2.1 billion, $751 million, and $3.4 billion for 2021, 2020, and 2019 respectively, was primarily due to net principal originations of finance receivables and purchases of available-for-sale and other securities, partially offset by calls, sales, and maturities of available-for-sale and other securities and proceeds from sales of finance receivables.
OMH's Financing Activities
Net cash used for financing activities of $1.8 billion for 2021 was primarily due to debt repayments, cash dividends paid, and the cash paid to repurchase common stock during the period, partially offset by the issuances of the OMFIT 2021-1 and ODART 2021-1 securitizations, the Social Bond, and the 3.875% Senior Notes due 2028. Net cash used for financing activities of $370 million for 2020 was primarily due to debt repayments, cash dividends paid, and the cash paid on the common stock repurchased, partially offset by the issuances of the 8.875% Senior Notes due 2025, and the OMFIT 2020-1 and OMFIT 2020-2 securitizations during the period. Net cash provided by financing activities of $1.5 billion for 2019 was primarily due to net issuances of long-term debt offset primarily by the cash dividends paid in 2019.
OMH's Cash and Investments
At December 31, 2021, we had $541 million of cash and cash equivalents, which included $158 million of cash and cash equivalents held at our regulated insurance subsidiaries or for other operating activities that is unavailable for general corporate purposes.
At December 31, 2021, we had $2.0 billion of investment securities, which are all held as part of our insurance operations and are unavailable for general corporate purposes.
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Liquidity Risks and Strategies
OMFC’s credit ratings are non-investment grade, which has a significant impact on our cost and access to capital. This, in turn, can negatively affect our ability to manage our liquidity and our ability or cost to refinance our indebtedness.
There are numerous risks to our financial results, liquidity, capital raising, and debt refinancing plans, some of which may not be quantified in our current liquidity forecasts. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
•our inability to grow or maintain our personal loan portfolio with adequate profitability;
•the effect of federal, state and local laws, regulations, or regulatory policies and practices;
•effects of ratings downgrades on our secured or unsecured debt;
•potential liability relating to real estate and personal loans which we have sold or may sell in the future, or relating to securitized loans; and
•the potential for disruptions in the debt and equity markets.
The principal factors that could decrease our liquidity are customer delinquencies and defaults, a decline in customer prepayments, and a prolonged inability to adequately access capital market funding. We intend to support our liquidity position by utilizing some or all of the following strategies:
•maintaining disciplined underwriting standards and pricing for loans we originate or purchase and managing purchases of finance receivables;
•pursuing additional debt financings (including new securitizations and new unsecured debt issuances, debt refinancing transactions, unsecured corporate revolvers, and revolving conduit facilities), or a combination of the foregoing;
•purchasing portions of our outstanding indebtedness through open market or privately negotiated transactions with third parties or pursuant to one or more tender or exchange offers or otherwise, upon such terms and at such prices, as well as with such consideration, as we may determine; and
•obtaining new and extending existing secured revolving facilities to provide committed liquidity in case of prolonged market fluctuations.
However, it is possible that the actual outcome of one or more of our plans could be materially different than expected or that one or more of our significant judgments or estimates could prove to be materially incorrect.
OUR INSURANCE SUBSIDIARIES
Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to state regulations that limit their ability to pay dividends. See Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for further information on these state restrictions and the dividends paid by our insurance subsidiaries from 2019 through 2021.
OUR DEBT AGREEMENTS
The debt agreements which OMFC and its subsidiaries are a party to include customary terms and conditions, including covenants and representations and warranties. See Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for more information on the restrictive covenants under OMFC’s debt agreements, as well as the guarantees of OMFC’s long-term debt.
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Securitized Borrowings
We execute private securitizations under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. As of December 31, 2021, our structured financings consisted of the following:
| (dollars in millions) | Issue Amount (a) | Initial Collateral Balance | Current Note Amounts Outstanding (a) | Current Collateral Balance (b) | Current Weighted Average Interest Rate | Original Revolving Period | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OMFIT 2015-3 | $ | 293 | $ | 329 | $ | 80 | $ | 104 | 5.75 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||
| OMFIT 2016-3 | 350 | 397 | 153 | 234 | 4.86 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2018-1 | 632 | 650 | 298 | 339 | 3.91 | % | 3 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2018-2 | 368 | 381 | 350 | 400 | 3.87 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-1 | 632 | 654 | 277 | 322 | 4.15 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-2 | 900 | 947 | 900 | 995 | 3.30 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2019-A | 789 | 892 | 750 | 892 | 3.78 | % | 7 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2020-1 | 821 | 958 | 821 | 958 | 4.12 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2020-2 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 2.03 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| OMFIT 2021-1 (c) | 850 | 904 | 850 | 904 | 1.57 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2018-1 | 947 | 964 | 253 | 277 | 3.90 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2019-1 | 737 | 750 | 700 | 750 | 3.79 | % | 5 years | ||||||||||||||
| ODART 2021-1 (d) | 1,000 | 1,053 | 1,000 | 1,053 | 0.98 | % | 2 years | ||||||||||||||
| Total securitizations | $ | 9,319 | $ | 9,932 | $ | 7,432 | $ | 8,281 |
(a) Issue Amount includes the retained interest amounts as applicable and the Current Note Amounts Outstanding balances reflect pay-downs subsequent to note issuance and exclude retained interest amounts.
(b) Inclusive of in-process replenishments of collateral for securitized borrowings in a revolving status as of December 31, 2021.
(c) On May 26, 2021, we issued $850 million of notes backed by personal loans. The notes mature in June of 2036.
(d) On October 15, 2021, we issued $1 billion of notes backed by personal loans. The notes mature in November of 2030.
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Revolving Conduit Facilities
In addition to the structured financings, we had access to 14 revolving conduit facilities with a total borrowing capacity of $6.0 billion as of December 31, 2021:
| (dollars in millions) | Advance Maximum Balance | Amount Drawn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OneMain Financial Funding VII, LLC | $ | 600 | $ | — | |||
| OneMain Financial Funding IX, LLC | 600 | — | |||||
| Mystic River Funding, LLC | 600 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Auto Funding I, LLC | 550 | — | |||||
| Seine River Funding, LLC | 550 | 150 | |||||
| Chicago River Funding, LLC | 500 | — | |||||
| Hudson River Funding, LLC | 500 | — | |||||
| OneMain Financial Funding VIII, LLC | 400 | — | |||||
| Thayer Brook Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Columbia River Funding, LLC | 350 | — | |||||
| Hubbard River Funding, LLC | 250 | — | |||||
| New River Funding Trust | 250 | — | |||||
| River Thames Funding, LLC | 250 | 200 | |||||
| St. Lawrence River Funding, LLC | 250 | 250 | |||||
| Total | $ | 6,000 | $ | 600 |
Contractual Obligations
At December 31, 2021, our material contractual obligations were as follows:
| (dollars in millions) | 2022 | 2023-2024 | 2025-2026 | 2027+ | Securitizations | Revolving Conduit Facilities | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Principal maturities on long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securitization debt (a) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,432 | $ | — | $ | 7,432 | |||||||||||||
| Revolving conduit facilities (a) | — | — | — | — | — | 600 | 600 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Medium-term notes | — | 2,475 | 3,435 | 3,750 | — | — | 9,660 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debt | — | — | — | 350 | — | — | 350 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total principal maturities | — | 2,475 | 3,435 | 4,100 | 7,432 | 600 | 18,042 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest payments on debt (b) | 594 | 1,043 | 608 | 672 | 683 | 16 | 3,616 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 594 | $ | 3,518 | $ | 4,043 | $ | 4,772 | $ | 8,115 | $ | 616 | $ | 21,658 |
(a) On-balance sheet securitizations and borrowings under revolving conduit facilities are not included in maturities by period due to their variable monthly payments.
(b) Future interest payments on floating-rate debt are estimated based upon floating rates in effect at December 31, 2021.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by SEC rules, and we had no material off-balance sheet exposure to losses associated with unconsolidated VIEs at December 31, 2021 or December 31, 2020.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We consider the following policies to be our most critical accounting policies because they involve critical accounting estimates and a significant degree of management judgment:
ALLOWANCE FOR FINANCE RECEIVABLE LOSSES
We estimate the expected credit losses on our finance receivables over their expected lives based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of collectability. No new volume is assumed. Personal loan renewals are a significant piece of our new volume and are considered a terminal event of the previous loan. For our personal loans, we have elected not to measure an allowance on accrued finance charges as it is our policy to reverse finance charges previously accrued after four contractual payments become past due.
Our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses is primarily based on historical loss experience using a cumulative loss model applied to our personal loan portfolios. Our gross credit loss expectation is offset by the estimate of future recoveries using historical recovery curves. Our personal loans are primarily segmented in the loss model by contractual delinquency status. Other attributes in the model include collateral mix and recent credit score. To estimate the gross credit losses, the model utilizes a roll rate matrix to project the first 12 months of losses and historical cohort performance to project the expected losses over the remaining term. Our methodology relies on historical loss experience to forecast the corresponding future outcomes. These patterns are then applied to the current portfolio to obtain an estimate of future losses.
Management exercises its judgment when determining the amount of allowance for finance receivable losses. Our judgment is based on quantitative analyses, qualitative factors, such as recent portfolio, industry, and other economic trends, and experience in the consumer finance industry. We may adjust the amounts determined by our model for management’s estimate of the effects of model imprecision which include but are not limited to, any changes to underwriting criteria and portfolio seasoning.
Forecasting macroeconomic conditions requires significant judgment and estimation uncertainty. We consider key economic factors, most notably unemployment rates, to incorporate into our estimate of the allowance for finance receivable losses. Our macroeconomic forecast considers various scenarios of economic projections from industry leading forecast providers, and extends over our reasonable and supportable forecast period, after which we revert to a historical average.
Due to the judgment and uncertainty in estimating the expected credit losses, we may experience changes to the macroeconomic assumptions within our forecast, as well as changes to our loan loss performance outlook, both of which could lead to further changes in our allowance for finance receivable losses, allowance ratio, and provision for finance receivable losses.
Macroeconomic Sensitivity
To demonstrate the sensitivity of forecasting macroeconomic conditions, we compared the output of our model using a baseline scenario to that of a downside scenario. As of December 31, 2021, the impact of a ten percentage point increase in weighting towards a downside scenario increased the estimate by approximately $40 million.
The macroeconomic scenarios are highly influenced by the timing, severity, and duration of changes in the underlying economic factors. This makes it difficult to estimate how potential changes in economic factors affect the estimated credit losses. Therefore, this hypothetical analysis is not intended to represent our expectation of changes in our estimate of expected credit losses due to a change in the macroeconomic environment, nor does it consider management’s judgment of other quantitative and qualitative information which could increase or decrease the estimate.
TDR FINANCE RECEIVABLES
When we modify a personal loan’s contractual terms for economic or other reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties and grant a concession that we would not otherwise consider, we classify that loan as a TDR finance receivable. Loan modifications primarily involve a combination of the following to reduce the borrower’s monthly payment: reduce interest rate, extend the term, defer or forgive past due interest or forgive principal. Account modifications that are deemed to be a TDR finance receivable are measured for impairment in accordance with the authoritative guidance for the accounting for impaired loans.
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The allowance for finance receivable losses related to our personal loan TDR finance receivables represent loan-specific reserves based on an analysis of the present value of expected future cash flows. We establish our allowance for finance receivable losses related to our TDR finance receivables by calculating the present value (discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate prior to modification) of all expected cash flows less the recorded investment in the aggregated pool. We use historical cash flow performance by TDR segments to estimate expected cash flows from our current portfolio of TDR finance receivables.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report for discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Seasonality
Our personal loan volume is generally highest during the second and fourth quarters of the year, primarily due to marketing efforts and seasonality of demand. Demand for our personal loans is usually lower in January and February after the holiday season and as a result of tax refunds. Delinquencies on our personal loans are generally lower in the first and second quarters and tend to rise throughout the remainder of the year. These seasonal trends contribute to fluctuations in our operating results and cash needs throughout the year. The seasonality impact on our delinquency trend continues to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigating efforts from government stimulus measures.