grepcent / static financial knowledge base

OFG BANCORP (OFG)

CIK: 0001030469. SIC: 6022 State Commercial Banks. Latest 10-K as of: 2026-02-25.

SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Depository Institutions > SIC 6022 State Commercial Banks

SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1030469. Latest filing source: 0001030469-26-000008.

Informational only - descriptive public-record data, not investment advice.

Business

Read OFG's verbatim Item 1 Business section from its latest 10-K: Business.

Risk Factors

Read OFG's verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from its latest 10-K: Risk Factors.

Selected Fundamentals

MetricValueUnitFYFiled
Revenue780,936,000USD20252026-02-25
Net income205,103,000USD20252026-02-25
Assets12,465,657,000USD20252026-02-25

Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-25. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001030469.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

Download these verified figures (annual + quarterly, with per-value filing provenance): JSON · CSV

Flow metrics use full-year FY periods from 10-K/10-K/A filings; balance-sheet metrics use FY-end instants. Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures. Missing metrics are omitted rather than fabricated.

Metric2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Revenue356,592,000345,647,000360,419,000373,795,000473,347,000449,199,000515,573,000648,880,000750,277,000780,936,000
Net income59,186,00052,646,00084,410,00053,841,00074,327,000146,151,000166,239,000181,872,000198,170,000205,103,000
Diluted EPS1.030.881.520.921.322.813.443.834.234.58
Operating cash flow78,512,000151,440,000133,355,000109,617,00034,960,000100,044,000164,456,000295,657,000252,500,000217,719,000
Capital expenditures5,297,0006,469,00011,491,00012,966,00015,263,00023,053,00030,999,00017,857,00021,336,00018,382,000
Dividends paid10,141,00010,553,00012,796,00014,375,00014,381,00019,718,00030,090,00041,011,00045,646,00051,874,000
Assets6,501,824,0006,189,053,0006,583,352,0009,297,661,0009,826,011,0009,899,720,0009,818,780,00011,344,453,00011,500,734,00012,465,657,000
Liabilities5,581,413,0005,243,946,0005,583,475,0008,252,183,0008,740,036,0008,830,560,0008,776,374,00010,150,973,00010,246,363,00011,075,652,000
Stockholders' equity920,411,000945,107,000999,877,0001,045,478,0001,085,975,0001,069,160,0001,042,406,0001,193,480,0001,254,371,0001,390,005,000
Cash and cash equivalents510,439,000485,203,000447,033,000851,307,0002,154,202,0002,023,475,000550,307,000748,173,000591,137,0001,040,335,000
Free cash flow73,215,000144,971,000121,864,00096,651,00019,697,00076,991,000133,457,000277,800,000231,164,000199,337,000

Ratios

ROE and ROA use period-end equity/assets. Liabilities / equity uses total liabilities divided by stockholders' equity. Current ratio uses current assets divided by current liabilities when both are reported.

Metric2016201720182019202020212022202320242025
Net margin16.60%15.23%23.42%14.40%15.70%32.54%32.24%28.03%26.41%26.26%
Return on equity6.43%5.57%8.44%5.15%6.84%13.67%15.95%15.24%15.80%14.76%
Return on assets0.91%0.85%1.28%0.58%0.76%1.48%1.69%1.60%1.72%1.65%
Liabilities / equity6.065.555.587.898.058.268.428.518.177.97

Industry Peer Context

Each number-line places OFG against the min, median, and max of latest reported values among companies in the same SIC industry when at least three peers report that ratio.

Net margin peer context

OFG Net margin versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6022; peer count 149.OFG Net margin versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6022; peer count 149.149 SIC peersMin -52.5%Median 21.9%Max 46.5%OFG 26.3%

ROE peer context

OFG ROE versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6022; peer count 149.OFG ROE versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6022; peer count 149.149 SIC peersMin -22.0%Median 9.6%Max 17.5%OFG 14.8%

ROA peer context

OFG ROA versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6022; peer count 149.OFG ROA versus SIC peer range. Source: grepcent computed from latest SEC companyfacts ratios for SIC industry 6022; peer count 149.149 SIC peersMin -2.3%Median 1.1%Max 2.5%OFG 1.6%

Financial Bridges

Waterfall figures reconcile reported SEC companyfacts components. Missing bridges are omitted when required components are not present for the same fiscal year.

Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures

OFG FY2025 free cash flow bridge from reported figures.OFG FY2025 free cash flow bridge from reported figures.OFG free cash flow bridgeFY2025: operating cash flow less capital expendituresSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Free cash flow bridgeReported amount$0.0B$125.0M$250.0M$217.7MOperating cash flow-$18.4MCapex$199.3MFree cash flow

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts FY 2025. Operating cash flow: accession 0001030469-26-000008; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | Capital expenditures: accession 0001030469-26-000008; concept PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | Free cash flow: accession 0001030469-26-000008; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment

Financial Charts

OFG revenue, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG revenue, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG RevenueLatest point: FY2025 = $780.9MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearReported revenue$0.0B$500.0M$1.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.

OFG net income, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG net income, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG Net incomeLatest point: FY2025 = $205.1MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearNet income$0.0B$125.0M$250.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.

OFG diluted eps, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG diluted eps, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG Diluted EPSLatest point: FY2025 = $4.58/shareSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearDiluted EPS (USD/share)$0.00/share$3.00/share$6.00/shareFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.

OFG operating cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG operating cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG Operating cash flowLatest point: FY2025 = $217.7MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearOperating cash flow$0.0B$250.0M$500.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities.

OFG capital expenditures, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG capital expenditures, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG Capital expendituresLatest point: FY2025 = $18.4MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearCapital expenditures$0.0B$125.0M$250.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.

OFG dividends paid, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG dividends paid, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG Dividends paidLatest point: FY2025 = $51.9MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearDividends paid$0.0B$125.0M$250.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock.

OFG assets, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG assets, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG AssetsLatest point: FY2025 = $12.5BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearAssets$0.0B$10.0B$20.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: Assets. Source concepts: us-gaap:Assets.

OFG liabilities, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG liabilities, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG LiabilitiesLatest point: FY2025 = $11.1BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearLiabilities$0.0B$10.0B$20.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: Liabilities. Source concepts: us-gaap:Liabilities.

OFG stockholders' equity, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG stockholders' equity, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG Stockholders' equityLatest point: FY2025 = $1.4BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearStockholders' equity$0.0B$1.0B$2.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: StockholdersEquity. Source concepts: us-gaap:StockholdersEquity.

OFG cash and cash equivalents, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG cash and cash equivalents, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG Cash and cash equivalentsLatest point: FY2025 = $1.0BSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearCash and cash equivalents$0.0B$2.0B$4.0BFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue. Source concepts: us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue.

OFG free cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG free cash flow, last 5 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts FY2025.OFG Free cash flowLatest point: FY2025 = $199.3MSource: SEC companyfacts FY2025.Fiscal yearFree cash flow$0.0B$250.0M$500.0MFY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001030469-26-000008; filed 2026-02-25. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.

Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-08. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001030469.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

QuarterEnd DateRevenueNet IncomeDiluted EPSMethod
2022-Q22022-06-300.84reported discrete quarter
2022-Q32022-09-300.87reported discrete quarter
2023-Q12023-03-310.96reported discrete quarter
2023-Q22023-06-30157,988,00044,173,0000.93reported discrete quarter
2023-Q32023-09-30165,708,00044,873,0000.95reported discrete quarter
2023-Q42023-12-31176,199,00046,597,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2024-Q12024-03-31183,426,00049,692,0001.05reported discrete quarter
2024-Q22024-06-30187,658,00051,131,0001.08reported discrete quarter
2024-Q32024-09-30189,030,00047,000,0001.00reported discrete quarter
2024-Q42024-12-31190,163,00050,347,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2025-Q12025-03-31189,222,00045,572,0001.00reported discrete quarter
2025-Q22025-06-30194,347,00051,801,0001.15reported discrete quarter
2025-Q32025-09-30200,145,00051,838,0001.16reported discrete quarter
2025-Q42025-12-31197,222,00055,893,000derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD
2026-Q12026-03-31194,126,00053,937,0001.26reported discrete quarter

Quarterly Charts

OFG quarterly revenue, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.OFG quarterly revenue, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.OFG Quarterly RevenueLatest point: 2026-Q1 = $194.1MSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Revenue$0.0B$125.0M$250.0M2023-Q22023-Q32023-Q42024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32024-Q42025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32025-Q42026-Q1

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001030469-26-000027; filed 2026-05-08. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.

OFG quarterly net income, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.OFG quarterly net income, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.OFG Quarterly Net incomeLatest point: 2026-Q1 = $53.9MSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Net income$0.0B$125.0M$250.0M2023-Q22023-Q32023-Q42024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32024-Q42025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32025-Q42026-Q1

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001030469-26-000027; filed 2026-05-08. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.

OFG quarterly diluted eps, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.OFG quarterly diluted eps, last 12 periods. Source: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.OFG Quarterly Diluted EPSLatest point: 2026-Q1 = $1.26/shareSource: SEC companyfacts 2026-Q1.Fiscal quarterQuarterly Diluted EPS (USD/share)$0.00/share$0.75/share$1.50/share2022-Q22022-Q32023-Q12023-Q22023-Q32024-Q12024-Q22024-Q32025-Q12025-Q22025-Q32026-Q1

Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001030469-26-000027; filed 2026-05-08. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.

Macro Cross-References

Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: 0001030469-26-000027.

Extracted structurally from real Item 2 body heading to real Item 3/4 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-05-08. Report date: 2026-03-31.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item I, “Financial Statements” of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. This discussion and analysis section contains forward-looking statements. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors,” and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, and set forth in OFG’s annual report on our 2025 Form 10-K, as supplemented and amended by any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

Other factors not identified above, including those described under the headings in our 2025 Form 10-K and any subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q may also cause actual results to differ materially from those described in our forward-looking statements.

INTRODUCTION

OFG is a publicly-owned financial holding company that provides a wide range of banking and financial services such as commercial, consumer, auto, and mortgage lending, financial planning, insurance sales, investment advisory and securities brokerage services, as well as corporate trust services. It operates through three business segments: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury, and distinguishes itself based on quality service. OFG conducts its business through its main office in San Juan, Puerto Rico, forty-two branches in Puerto Rico and two branches in the USVI. It has five subsidiaries with operations in Puerto Rico: the Bank, Oriental Financial Services, Oriental Insurance, OIB and OBPEF; two subsidiaries in the United States, OFG USA and OFG Ventures; and one subsidiary in the Cayman Islands, OFG Reinsurance. OFG’s long-term goal is to strengthen its banking and financial services franchise by expanding its lending businesses, increasing the level of integration in the marketing and delivery of banking and financial services, continuously improving our already effective asset-liability management, growing non-interest revenue from banking and financial services, as well as achieving greater operating efficiencies.

OFG’s diversified mix of businesses and products generates both the interest income traditionally associated with a banking institution and non-interest income traditionally associated with a financial services institution (generated by such businesses as securities brokerage, fiduciary services, investment advisory, insurance agency and reinsurance). Although all of these businesses, to varying degrees, are affected by interest rate and financial market fluctuations and other external factors, OFG’s commitment is to continue producing a balanced and growing revenue stream.

OFG’s mission is to make possible the progress of our customers, employees, shareholders, and communities we serve. As the world evolves rapidly, we seek to amplify our ambition, with the goal of advancing from steady progress to bold transformation. We believe that our strategy is designed to accelerate our transformation into a fully digital, data-driven, customer-centric financial institution, while maintaining the strong human relationships that define our brand. OFG aims to deliver intelligent growth, operational excellence, and deeper financial empowerment to make progress possible for our communities. OFG aims to position itself as a trusted digital financial coach, by understanding the customers’ objectives and needs by offering value-added services that help them achieve financial progress and well-being. OFG is transitioning from a digital-first model to a truly digital bank, one where customers should be able to perform every financial activity seamlessly, securely, and intuitively, anytime, anywhere. Our goal is to provide a one-stop digital experience that is enriched by human connection and powered by intelligence.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Capital Actions

In January 2026, OFG announced that its Board approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.35 per common share from $0.30 per share, beginning in the quarter ending March 31, 2026. The Board also approved a new $200 million stock repurchase program. This new, open-ended program is in addition to the stock repurchase program approved in April 2025.

58

Economic Conditions

Puerto Rico’s economy has continued to show stable performance, supported by favorable labor market conditions and adequate system liquidity. According to the Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and Commerce, the Puerto Rico Economic Activity Index stood at 127.2 points in January 2026, representing a 0.3% increase compared to January 2025 and a consistent upward month-to-month trend in recent periods. Employment data published by such government agency indicates continued gains across multiple industries. As of January 2026, total non-farm payroll employment averaged approximately 951,600 jobs, reflecting a 1.7% increase from the previous month and a slight decrease of 0.1% year over year. Economic activity has benefited from public sector reconstruction funding, private investment, and onshoring initiatives. However, OFG continues to monitor global economic and geopolitical conditions, related uncertainties, and their possible impact on Puerto Rico's economy, which could influence OFG’s business and operational results.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses in the consolidated financial statements. Understanding our accounting policies and the extent to which we use judgment and estimates in applying these policies is integral to understanding our financial statements. We provide a summary of our significant accounting policies in “Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of our 2025 Form 10-K.

In the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of our 2025 Form 10-K, we identified the Allowance for Credit Losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment as a critical accounting policy and estimate because it involves significant estimation uncertainty that has or is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and update them as necessary based on changing conditions. There have been no material changes in the methods that we used to formulate these critical accounting estimates from those discussed in our 2025 Form 10-K.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Business momentum and disciplined execution drove strong first quarter of 2026 results, supported by proactive balance sheet management and core deposit strength. Our operating model continued to deliver, with ongoing loan growth, high quality credit performance, and consistent execution across the Company. During the quarter ended March 31, 2026, we repurchased $44.5 million of common stock and increased our dividend by 17%, reinforcing our commitment to capital management and shareholder returns.

Our positioning as a digital bank that values personal connections continues to deliver tangible results. Increased use of Libre and Elite retail products, as well as My Biz commercial accounts, contributed to deposit expansion and greater customer engagement and growth. This progress has enabled us to further optimize our funding mix and reduce reliance on wholesale funding, even amid the normalization of government deposits.

Puerto Rico’s economy is stable, with federal reconstruction funds and private investment supporting continued activity, particularly in manufacturing and onshoring. This environment, combined with our focus on operational excellence, positions OFG to continue to deliver solid financial performance and to take advantage of long-term growth prospects.

First Quarter of 2026:

Earnings per share diluted was $1.26 compared to $1.27 in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $1.00 in the first quarter of 2025. Total core revenues of $185.8 million compared to $185.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $178.3 million in the first quarter of 2025.

Performance metrics: Net interest margin of 5.36%, return on average assets of 1.78%, return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity of 16.43%, and efficiency ratio of 50.97%.

59

Total Interest Income of $194.1 million compared to $197.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $189.2 million in the first quarter of 2025. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2025, total interest income in the first quarter of 2026 decreased $3.1 million, reflecting lower average balances of cash and investment securities at lower average rates, partially offset by higher average balances of loans at higher average rates. The first quarter of 2026 included $3.3 million from a paid in full PCD loan. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2025, the first quarter of 2026 also reflected two fewer business days, which negatively affected interest income by approximately $3.1 million.

Total Interest Expense of $40.3 million compared to $44.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $40.2 million in the first quarter of 2025. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2025, total interest expense in the first quarter of 2026 decreased by $4.2 million, reflecting lower average balances of deposits at lower average rates, partially offset by higher average balances of borrowings at lower average rates. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2025, the first quarter of 2026 also reflected two fewer business days, which reduced interest expense by approximately $1.0 million.

Total Banking and Financial Service Revenues of $32.0 million compared to $32.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $29.2 million in the first quarter of 2025. Compared to the fourth quarter of 2025, total banking and financial service revenue in the first quarter of 2026 included favorable MSR valuation of approximately $1.3 million, while the fourth quarter of 2025 included $2.3 million in annual insurance commission recognition.

Pre-Provision Net Revenues of $91.3 million compared to $79.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $85.1 million in the first quarter of 2025.

Other Income reflected income of $0.2 million compared to a loss of $1.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and income of $0.3 million in the first quarter of 2025. The first quarter of 2026 increased $1.3 million, reflecting the absence of $6.1 million accelerated amortization of technology related assets and gains of $3.9 million on the sale of non-performing loans and $1.1 million on the sale of a building in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Total Provision for Credit Losses of $22.5 million compared to $31.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $25.7 million in the first quarter of 2025. Total provision for credit losses in the first quarter of 2026 primarily reflected $17.5 million for increased loan volume and increased allowance of $3.7 million for a previously reserved commercial loan and $1.0 million mainly related to newly classified small commercial loans.

Credit Quality: Net charge-offs (“NCOs”) of $21.4 million (1.05% of average loans) compared to $26.9 million (1.32% of average loans) in the fourth quarter of 2025 and $20.4 million (1.05% of average loans) in the first quarter of 2025. NCOs decreased $5.5 million from the fourth quarter of 2025. The first quarter of 2026 reflected $3.9 million for a previously reserved commercial US loan and improved auto and commercial NCOs, while the fourth quarter of 2025 included $4

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Latest 10-K MD&A

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-02-25. Report date: 2025-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Note about Forward-Looking Statements,” Part I, Item 1 “Business,” Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K. We have omitted discussion of 2023 results where it would be redundant to the discussion previously included in Item 7 of our 2024 annual report on Form 10-K. For our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023, see Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2024 annual report on Form 10-K.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Capital Actions

2025 Capital Actions

In January 2025, OFG announced that its Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.30 per common share from $0.25 per share, beginning in the quarter ended March 31, 2025. In April 2025, the Board approved a new $100 million stock repurchase program. This new, open-ended program is in addition to the $50 million stock repurchase program approved by the Board in October 2024 (collectively, the “Existing Repurchase Programs”). Under the Existing Repurchase Programs, OFG repurchased 2,253,819 shares during 2025 for a total of $91.6 million at an average price of $40.64 per share. At December 31, 2025, the estimated remaining amount that may be purchased under the Existing Repurchase Programs is $38.1 million.

Announcement of Forthcoming 2026 Capital Actions

In January 2026, OFG announced that its Board approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.35 per common share from $0.30 per share, beginning in the quarter ending March 31, 2026. The Board also approved a new $200 million stock repurchase program. This new, open-ended program is in addition to the Existing Repurchase Programs.

Economic Conditions

Puerto Rico’s economy has continued to show stable performance, supported by favorable labor market conditions and adequate system liquidity. According to the Puerto Rico Department of Economic Development and Commerce, the Puerto Rico Economic Activity Index stood at 128.1 points in November 2025, representing a 0.8% increase compared to November 2024 and a consistent upward month-to-month trend in recent periods. Employment data published by such government agency

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indicates continued gains across multiple industries. As of November 2025, total non-farm payroll employment averaged approximately 963,400 jobs, reflecting a 0.2% increase from the prior month and a 0.9% increase year over year. Economic activity has benefited from public sector reconstruction funding, private investment, and on-shoring initiatives. However, OFG continues to monitor global economic conditions, related uncertainties and their possible impact on Puerto Rico's economy, which could influence OFG's business and operational results.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The accounting and reporting policies followed by OFG conform with GAAP and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management's historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these judgments, assumptions and estimates. The following critical accounting estimate involves significant estimation uncertainty that has or is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. A discussion of OFG’s significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting estimate described below, can be found in “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with this section.

Allowance for Credit Losses Related to Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

The most critical and complex accounting estimate is associated with the determination of the ACL. The provision for credit losses charged to current operations is based on this determination. The ACL represents management’s best estimate deemed appropriate to provide current expected future credit losses in the portfolio as of the date of the reporting period.

OFG’s management evaluates the adequacy of the ACL on a quarterly basis following a systematic methodology in order to provide for inherent risks in the loan portfolio. In developing its assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, OFG must rely on estimates and exercise judgment regarding matters where the ultimate outcome is unknown, such as economic developments affecting specific customers, industries or markets. Other factors that can affect management’s estimates are the key drivers used for each macroeconomic scenario, the macroeconomic scenarios selected, and the weighting given to each scenario, among others. Significant changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, in economic conditions, in historical loss experience, and in the condition of the various markets in which collateral may be sold may all affect the required level of the ACL. Consequently, the business, financial condition, liquidity, capital and results of operations could also be affected.

The ACL estimation requires management to use relevant forward-looking economic forecasts, by using variables such as employment and unemployment rate, gross national product (“GNP”), retail sales, and house price index, including in the application of reasonable and supportable forecasts. ACL estimations are performed by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics.

OFG applied a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method for non-purchased credit deteriorated loans (“non-PCD”) and an undiscounted cash flow (“UDCF”) method for purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans to determine the ACL for loans collectively measured for impairment, except for credit cards and overdrafts which utilize a remaining life methodology. For non-PCD, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan and discounted using the effective yield. The discounted amount of expected cash flows is compared to the amortized cost, and any shortfall is recorded as a reserve. For PCD loans, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan pool, pool reserve is calculated by aggregating total loss from the UDCF. Expected cash flows are resulted from applying the probability of default (“PD”), loss given default (“LGD”), and exposure at default (“EAD”). For the EAD, OFG uses a prepayment model that projects prepayments over the life of the loans.

Management’s judgment is required in selecting the macroeconomic scenarios and the weighting of the economic scenarios, which consist of baseline and moderate recession scenarios. As of December 31, 2025, management gave more weight to the baseline scenario, except for the US loan segment where the moderate recession scenario was given a greater weight. Management selects the macroeconomic forecast that is most reflective of expectations at that point in time. The applicability of qualitative adjustments includes adjustments of inherent risk not captured by the quantitative model.

OFG’s sensitivity analysis does not represent management’s view of expected credit losses at December 31, 2025. OFG evaluated sensitivities by applying 100% weight to baseline and moderate recession scenarios. The impact of assigning a 100%

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weight to the baseline scenario was a hypothetical decrease of 4.3% to the collective ACL, and the impact of assigning a 100% weight to the moderate recession scenario was a hypothetical increase of 3.7% to the collective ACL. These hypothetical sensitivities do not incorporate the impact of management’s judgment for qualitative factors applied in the current ACL for loans. It is possible that others performing similar sensitivity analyses could reach different conclusions or results. The sensitivity analysis excludes the ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures.

For a detailed description of the principal factors used to determine the ACL related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment and for the principal enhancement’s management made to its methodology, please refer to “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 5 – Loans” to the consolidated financial statements.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The quarter ended December 31, 2025 earnings per share increased 16.4% year-over-year on a 1.9% growth in total core revenues in total core revenues, driven by disciplined core operations and a favorable tax benefit. For 2025, earnings per share grew 8.3% on a 2.8% increase in total core revenues, reflecting continued operating momentum and solid underlying performance.

Asset quality and credit metrics remained sound and well-controlled throughout the year. OFG repurchased $40.1 million of common shares during the fourth quarter of 2025 and $91.6 million for the year, reinforcing our commitment to disciplined capital deployment and shareholder returns.

During the quarter and year ended December 31, 2025, in line with our strategies, we saw increased commercial loans and broad acceptance of our flagship mass-market Libre and mass affluent Elite deposit accounts. By December 31, 2025, we grew our client base 4.26% from December 31, 2024 and our Digital First strategy continued to solidify our leadership in banking innovation in Puerto Rico.

The island’s economy also continued to perform well, supported by infrastructure investments with federal and private funds and new multi-million dollar on-shoring projects, reinforcing Puerto Rico’s position as a global hub for medical devices and pharmaceutical manufacturing. These developments underpin our confidence in sustained economic activity and long-term growth across our core businesses.

Year 2025:

Earnings per share diluted of $4.58 compared to $4.23 in 2024. Total core revenues of $729.8 million compared to $709.6 million in 2024.

Fourth Quarter of 2025:

Earnings per share diluted was $1.27 compared to $1.16 in the third quarter of 2025 and $1.09 in the fourth quarter of 2024. Total core revenues of $185.4 million compared to $184.0 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $181.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Performance metrics: Net interest margin of 5.12%, return on average assets of 1.81%, return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity of 17.20%, and efficiency ratio of 56.65%.

Total Interest Income of $197.2 million compared to $200.1 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $190.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Compared to the third quarter of 2025, total interest income in the fourth quarter of 2025 decreased $2.9 million, reflecting higher average balances of loans and cash at lower average yields, partially offset by higher average balances of investment securities at slightly higher yields.

Total Interest Expense of $44.5 million compared to $45.4 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $41.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Compared to the third quarter of 2025, total interest expense in the fourth quarter of 2025 decreased by $0.9 million, reflecting higher average balances of deposits and borrowings at lower average rates.

Total Banking and Financial Service Revenues of $32.6 million compared to $29.3 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $32.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Compared to the third quarter of 2025, total banking and financial service revenue in the fourth quarter of 2025 reflected increased wealth management revenues due to $2.3 million in annual insurance commission recognition.

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Pre-Provision Net Revenues of $79.3 million compared to $89.6 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $83.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Other Income reflected a loss of $1.1 million compared to a profit of $2.2 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $0.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. The fourth quarter of 2025 included $6.1 million accelerated amortization of technology related assets and gains of $3.9 million on the sale of non-performing loans and $1.1 million on the sale of a building. The third quarter of 2025, included $2.2 million in gains from OFG Ventures investments in fintech focused funds.

Total Provision for Credit Losses of $31.9 million compared to $28.3 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $30.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Total provision for credit losses in the fourth quarter of 2025 primarily reflected $21.8 million for increased loan volume, $5.1 million for a specific reserve on a Puerto Rico telecommunications commercial loan, $2.4 million related to U.S. macroeconomic factors, and $1.7 million in charge-offs from the non-performing loans sale.

Credit Quality: Net charge-offs (“NCOs”) of $26.9 million (1.32% of average loans) compared to $20.2 million (1.00% of average loans) in the third quarter of 2025 and $15.9 million (0.82% of average loans) in the fourth quarter of 2024. NCOs included $4.8 million from the non-performing loans sale, of which $3.1 million had been previously reserved. Early delinquency rate in the fourth quarter of 2025 was 2.80%, down from the third quarter of 2025 and the fourth quarter of 2024, and total delinquency rate was 4.18%, up from the third quarter of 2025 but down from the fourth quarter of 2024. The nonperforming loan rate was 1.59% compared to 1.22% in the third quarter of 2025 and 1.06% in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Total Non-Interest Expense of $105.0 million compared to $96.5 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $99.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Total non-interest expense in the fourth quarter of 2025 included expenses of $3.3 million in professional service fees related to performance-based advisory costs as part of the renegotiation of a cost-saving technology services contract, $2.5 million for business rightsizing, and $1.0 million related to the previously mentioned accelerated amortization of technology related assets. Compared to the third quarter of 2025, costs for additional accumulation for performance bonuses, expanded marketing activities, and the sale of foreclosed assets increased $1.7 million.

Income Tax was a benefit of $8.5 million compared to an expense of $9.5 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $2.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. The fourth quarter of 2025 benefited from $16.8 million in discrete tax benefits, including $12.9 million from the expiration of a tax agreement from the 2019 acquisition of Scotiabank’s Puerto Rico and USVI operations, and $3.9 million from a release in valuation allowance of deferred tax assets at the holding company level. Excluding discrete benefits, 2025's estimated income tax rate was 21.8%.

Loans Held-for-Investment of $8.20 billion compared to $8.12 billion in the third quarter of 2025 and $7.79 billion in the fourth quarter of 2024. Loans held-for-investment in the fourth quarter of 2025 increased $83.8 million or 1.0% sequentially, reflecting increases in Puerto Rico commercial loans, partially offset by lower balances in auto and residential mortgage. Loans increased $409.1 million or 5.25% year-over-year, reflecting increases in commercial, consumer, and auto loans, partially offset by a decrease in residential mortgage loans.

New Loan Production of $605.6 million compared to $623.9 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $609.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Compared to the third quarter of 2025, new loan production in the fourth quarter of 2025 reflected decreases in Puerto Rico and U.S. commercial and consumer lending, partially offset by increases in auto and residential mortgage lending. Year-over-year new loan production increased $265.3 million or 11.5% to a record $2.57 billion.

Total Investments of $2.84 billion compared to $2.94 billion in the third quarter of 2025 and $2.72 billion in the fourth quarter of 2024. Compared to the third quarter of 2025, total investments in the fourth quarter of 2025 reflected principal paydowns and maturities, partially offset by purchases of $25.0 million of mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage securitizations of $21.1 million.

Customer Deposits of $9.92 billion compared to $9.82 billion in the third quarter of 2025 and $9.45 billion in the fourth quarter of 2024. Deposits increased $103.2 million or 1.1% sequentially and $474.0 million or 5.0% year over year, both periods reflecting higher demand, time and savings deposit balances.

Total Borrowings and Brokered Deposits of $897.3 million compared to $746.4 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $557.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Compared to the third quarter of 2025, the fourth quarter of 2025 reflected increased brokered deposits, mainly for liquidity management.

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Cash and Cash Equivalents of $1.04 billion compared to $740.3 million in the third quarter of 2025 and $591.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2024. Compared to the third quarter of 2025, the fourth quarter of 2025 reflected increased deposits.

Capital: CET1 ratio was 13.97% compared to 14.13% in the third quarter of 2025 and 14.26% in the fourth quarter of 2024. Tangible Common Equity ratio was 10.47% compared to 10.55% in the third quarter of 2025 and 10.13% in the fourth quarter of 2024. Tangible Book Value per share was $29.96 compared to $28.92 in the third quarter of 2025 and $25.43 in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Selected income statement and balance sheet data and key performance indicators are presented in the tables below:

Year Ended December 31,
202520242023
EARNINGS DATA:(In thousands, except per share data)
Interest income$780,936$750,277$648,880
Interest expense172,469161,83788,010
Net interest income608,467588,440560,870
Provision for credit losses107,51382,25160,638
Net interest income after provision for credit losses500,954506,189500,232
Non-interest income122,976123,249128,381
Non-interest expenses389,813375,690363,365
Income before taxes234,117253,748265,248
Income tax expense29,01455,57883,376
Net income available to common shareholders$205,103$198,170$181,872
PER SHARE DATA:
EPS Basic$4.60$4.25$3.85
EPS Diluted$4.58$4.23$3.83
Average common shares outstanding44,55246,63747,258
Average common shares outstanding and equivalents44,76046,90247,552
Cash dividends declared per common share$1.201.000.88
Cash dividends declared on common shares$53,51346,93141,853
PERFORMANCE RATIOS:
Return on average assets (ROA)1.70%1.75%1.79%
Return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity (non-GAAP, see Table 18)16.47%17.17%18.14%
Return on average common equity (ROE)15.29%15.78%16.37%
Efficiency ratio53.41%52.94%53.22%
Interest rate spread5.12%5.29%5.71%
Interest rate margin5.27%5.43%5.79%

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December 31,
202520242023
YEAR-END BALANCES AND CAPITAL RATIOS:(In thousands, except per share data)
Investments and loans
Investment securities$2,843,141$2,720,277$2,686,770
Loans, net8,014,2467,633,8317,401,618
Total investments and loans$10,857,387$10,354,108$10,088,388
Deposits and borrowings
Deposits$10,262,752$9,604,786$9,762,169
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase100,71475,222
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings456,590325,952200,770
Total deposits and borrowings$10,820,056$10,005,960$9,962,939
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock59,88559,88559,885
Additional paid-in capital642,973639,786638,667
Legal surplus188,490169,537150,967
Retained earnings904,630771,993639,324
Treasury stock, at cost(389,067)(296,991)(228,350)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(16,906)(89,839)(67,013)
Total stockholders’ equity$1,390,005$1,254,371$1,193,480
Per share data
Book value per common share$32.13$27.60$25.36
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP, see Table 18)$29.96$25.43$23.13
Market price$40.98$42.32$37.48
Capital ratios
Leverage capital10.71%10.93%11.03%
Common equity Tier 1 capital13.97%14.26%14.12%
Tier 1 risk-based capital13.97%14.26%14.12%
Total risk-based capital15.24%15.52%15.37%
Financial assets managed
Trust assets managed$2,490,272$2,262,446$2,511,880
Broker-dealer assets managed2,612,5082,246,8842,446,281
Total assets managed$5,102,780$4,509,330$4,958,161

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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables show major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, their respective interest income, expenses, yields and costs, and their impact on net interest income due to changes in volume and rates for 2025 and 2024.

TABLE 1 - ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME AND CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME/RATE

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2025 AND 2024

InterestAverage rateAverage balance
202520242025202420252024
(Dollars in thousands)
A - TAX EQUIVALENT SPREAD (Non-GAAP)
Interest-earning assets$780,936750,2776.77%6.93%$11,542,913$10,829,907
Tax equivalent adjustment15,32216,7400.13%0.15%
Interest-earning assets - tax- equivalent (1)796,258767,0176.90%7.08%11,542,91310,829,907
Interest-bearing liabilities172,469161,8371.65%1.64%10,477,6579,866,641
Tax equivalent net interest income / spread623,789605,1805.25%5.44%1,065,256963,266
Tax equivalent interest rate margin5.38%5.59%
B - NORMAL SPREAD
Interest-earning assets:
Investments:
Investment securities120,149105,0864.26%4.06%2,817,9032,591,101
Interest bearing cash and money market investments30,84731,5894.21%5.16%732,869611,976
Total investments150,996136,6754.25%4.27%3,550,7723,203,077
Non-PCD loans
Mortgage loans32,29532,9815.59%5.67%577,525581,907
Commercial loans232,796232,8847.26%7.89%3,205,1132,941,763
Consumer loans81,04277,57611.56%11.55%700,897671,859
Auto loans224,404206,2898.54%8.53%2,626,2302,417,580
Total Non-PCD loans570,537549,7308.02%8.31%7,109,7656,613,109
PCD loans
Mortgage loans49,98655,1996.29%6.24%794,214884,621
Commercial loans9,2728,44510.60%6.62%87,499127,509
Consumer loans977718.51%12.09%526637
Auto loans4815135.17%15.87%137954
Total PCD loans59,40363,8726.73%6.30%882,3761,013,721
Total loans (2)629,940613,6027.88%8.05%7,992,1417,626,830
Total interest-earning assets$780,936$750,2776.77%6.93%$11,542,913$10,829,907

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InterestAverage rateAverage balance
202520242025202420252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
NOW Accounts61,26378,3621.91%2.31%3,206,0763,399,476
Savings accounts22,86418,8431.05%0.93%2,172,2882,027,746
Time deposits56,21446,4823.07%2.93%1,828,8091,585,427
Total core deposits140,341143,6871.95%2.04%7,207,1737,012,649
Brokered deposits8,6332,0654.12%4.63%209,48744,555
148,974145,7522.01%2.07%7,416,6607,057,204
Non-interest bearing deposits%%2,583,2252,556,518
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations3,7734,528%%
Total deposits152,747150,2801.53%1.56%9,999,8859,613,722
Borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase2,7675424.13%4.81%66,94111,270
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings16,95511,0154.13%4.56%410,831241,649
Total borrowings19,72211,5574.13%4.57%477,772252,919
Total interest-bearing liabilities172,469161,8371.65%1.64%10,477,6579,866,641
Net interest income / spread$608,467$588,4405.12%5.29%
Interest rate margin5.27%5.43%
Excess of average interest-earning assets over average interest-bearing liabilities$1,065,256$963,266
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities ratio110.17%109.76%
(1) To provide meaningful comparisons of interest income, yields, and net interest margins, we calculate interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis. This involves adjusting the interest income from tax-exempt assets to be equivalent to taxable investments. Note that this adjustment is not permitted under GAAP in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations.
(2) Includes loans held for sale and excludes allowance for credit losses. Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.

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C - CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME DUE TO:

VolumeRateTotal
(In thousands)
Interest Income:
Investment securities$10,582$4,481$15,063
Interest-bearing cash and money market investments5,633(6,375)(742)
Loans30,995(14,657)16,338
Total interest income47,210(16,551)30,659
Interest Expense:
NOW accounts(1,791)(15,308)(17,099)
Savings accounts1,7972,2244,021
Time deposits8,6121,1209,732
Brokered deposits6,820(252)6,568
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations(755)(755)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase2,226(1)2,225
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings7,064(1,124)5,940
Total interest expense24,728(14,096)10,632
Net Interest Income$22,482$(2,455)$20,027

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is a function of the difference between rates earned on OFG’s interest-earning assets and rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate spread) and the relative amounts of its interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate margin). OFG constantly monitors the composition and re-pricing of its assets and liabilities to maintain its net interest income at adequate levels.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

Net interest income of $608.5 million increased by $20.1 million from $588.4 million reflecting higher loans and investment securities income. This increase was partially offset by an increase in borrowings expense and the impact of one fewer day than the prior year, which reduced net interest income by $1.1 million. Tax equivalent basis net interest income of $623.8 million increased by $18.6 million, or 3.1%, from $605.2 million.

Interest rate spread decreased by 17 basis points to 5.12% from 5.29% and net interest margin decreased by 16 basis points to 5.27% from 5.43%. This reflects a decrease of 16 basis points in the total average yield of interest-earning assets.

Net interest income was positively impacted by:

•A $16.3 million increase in interest income from loans mainly driven by growth in average balances across multiple portfolios, including: (i) $18.0 million from auto loans mainly due to an increase of $207.8 million in the average balance; and (ii) $3.5 million from consumer loans mainly due to an increase of $28.9 million in the average balance. These increases were partially offset by lower interest income of: (i) $5.9 million from mortgage loans due to a reduction of $94.8 million in the average balance of this portfolio, mainly from the securitization and sale of conforming loans and regular paydowns, including the extinguishment of the PCD portfolio; and (ii) commercial loans of $0.7 million, reflecting the repricing of variable rate loans at lower market rates; and

•A $15.1 million increase in interest income from investment securities, primarily due to the acquisition of higher-yield investment securities in 2024 and 2025. These purchases contributed to higher average volume of $226.8 million, contributing $10.6 million to interest income, and higher yield by 20 basis points, which contributed to an increase in interest income of approximately $4.5 million.

These increases were partially offset by higher interest expense of $10.6 million, mainly from interest paid on borrowings of $8.2 million from FHLB advances and securities under agreements to repurchase taken in 2024 and 2025, and lower interest income on interest bearing cash and money market investments of $0.7 million, reflecting the impact of lower market rates.

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TABLE 2 - NON-INTEREST INCOME SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20252024Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Banking service revenue$64,443$66,923(3.7)%
Wealth management revenue37,76535,6226.0%
Mortgage banking activities19,13318,6362.7%
Total banking and financial service revenue121,341121,1810.1%
Other non-interest income1,6352,068(20.9)%
Total non-interest income$122,976$123,249(0.2)%

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income is affected by fees generated from loans and deposit accounts, the amount of assets under management of the Bank’s trust department, transactions generated by clients’ financial assets serviced by OFG’s securities broker-dealer, insurance agency and reinsurance subsidiaries, the level of mortgage banking activities, and gains or losses on sales of assets.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

OFG’s non-interest income of $123.0 million decreased by $0.2 million from $123.2 million. The decrease in non-interest income was mainly due to:

•A $2.5 million decrease in banking service revenues as a result of: (i) reduced interchange fees of $4.6 million reflecting the application of the Durbin Amendment to OFG in July 2024; and (ii) lower servicing and other loan fees of $704 thousand, mainly from commercial and auto loans, partially offset by an increase of $1.9 million in higher merchant business activity; and

•A $0.4 million decrease in other non-interest income reflecting losses of: (i) $6.1 million accelerated amortization of technology related assets, and (ii) $279 thousand impairment on equity securities, offset by gains of: (i) $3.9 million on the sale of non-performing loans, (ii) $1.9 million gains from investments of OFG Ventures in fintech-focused funds, and (iii) $1.1 million on the sale of a building.

Decrease was offset by

•A $2.1 million increase in wealth management revenue primarily reflecting higher revenues from: (i) broker-dealer fees of $1.3 million related to investment advisory service fees and mutual funds retailer fees, and (ii) insurance income by $873 thousand reflecting increases in annuities and premiums; and

•A $0.5 million increase in mortgage banking activities, mainly due to higher: (i) servicing fees of $2.6 million driven by the purchase of a servicing portfolio in August 2024, and (ii) gain on sale of loans and securitization of $1.4 million, which includes $676 thousand favorable market valuation for held-for-sale loans and $553 thousand higher gain on securitization and sales. These increases were partially offset by a $4.1 million unfavorable variance in the valuation of mortgage servicing rights.

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TABLE 3 - NON-INTEREST EXPENSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20252024Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits$162,426$159,7101.7%
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs59,78159,1231.1%
Electronic banking charges47,07742,81610.0%
Information technology expenses26,80627,582(2.8)%
Professional and service fees23,70518,87625.6%
Taxes, other than payroll and income taxes15,77413,94913.1%
Insurance11,37511,2521.1%
Advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives11,4169,71417.5%
Loan servicing and clearing expenses9,1457,93515.2%
Communication4,5534,551%
Printing, postage, stationery and supplies4,1483,8168.7%
Director and investor relations1,3541,2508.3%
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets expenses (income), net1,0263,01265.9%
Other11,22712,104(7.2)%
Total non-interest expenses$389,813$375,6903.8%
Relevant ratios and data:
Efficiency ratio53.41%52.94%
Compensation and benefits to non-interest expense41.67%42.51%
Compensation to average total assets owned1.35%1.41%
Number of employees end of year2,1852,246
Average number of employees2,2142,235
Average compensation per employee (in thousands)$73.36$71.45
Average loans per average employee$3,610$3,412

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

Non-interest expense was $389.8 million, representing an increase of 3.8% or $14.1 million, compared to $375.7 million. The increase in non-interest expense was mainly due to:

•Increase of $4.8 million in professional and service fees mainly due to a $3.3 million performance-based advisory costs, as part of the cost-saving renegotiation of a technology services contract, and higher compliance-related expenses;

•Increase of $4.3 million in electronic banking charges mainly due to the recognition of a $2.3 million rebate recorded during the prior year and increased transaction volumes;

•Increase of $2.7 million in compensation and employee benefits as a result of higher salaries and benefits, including payroll taxes;

•Increase of $1.8 million in taxes, other than payroll and income taxes related to higher municipal taxes recorded during the year;

•Increase of $1.7 million in advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives driven by expanded retail, commercial banking and branding campaign efforts during 2025; and

•Increase of $1.2 million in loan servicing and clearing expenses related to higher servicing expenses from our commercial US loan portfolio.

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The increase in non-interest expense was partially offset by a $2.0 million reduction in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets expenses (income), net. This reduction primarily reflects a $4.0 million increase in gains from the sale of other repossessed assets driven by higher volume of units sold and improved pricing, partially offset by $1.9 million lower gains on sales of foreclosed real estate due to lower volume of properties sold.

The efficiency ratio was 53.41% compared to 52.94%. Amounts presented as part of non-interest income that were excluded from the efficiency ratio computation for 2025 and 2024 amounted to $1.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

Provision for credit losses increased by $25.2 million to $107.5 million from $82.3 million. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2025, reflected $69.9 million related to loan volume, $20.6 million in specific reserves and $18.5 million from economic and loss rate model assumptions adjustments.

The provision for credit losses for 2024 reflected a provision of $60.2 million related to growth in loan balance, $12.6 million from the loss rate model and $13.4 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves, including $8.6 million in the US commercial loan portfolio, which was offset by a $6.0 million release from the economic model. It also included a $5.7 million qualitative adjustment to account for uncertainty of recent increasing auto delinquency trends that the model does not fully capture, net of a $2.7 million reserve release mainly due to an improved U.S. macroeconomic perspective earlier in 2024.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

Income tax expense decreased by $26.6 million to $29.0 million from $55.6 million. OFG’s ETR was 12.4% in 2025 compared to 21.9% in 2024. The decrease is primarily attributable to investments subject to preferential tax treatment under Puerto Rico law, the release of valuation allowance at the holding company level, a discrete benefit arising from the expiration of a tax closing agreement, and the purchase of tax credits at a discount, among other discrete tax benefits.

Business Segments

OFG segregates its businesses into the following segments: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury. Management established the reportable segments based on the internal reporting used to evaluate performance and assess where to allocate resources. Other factors such as OFG’s organization, nature of its products, distribution channels and economic characteristics of its services were also considered in the determination of the reportable segments. OFG measures the performance of these reportable segments based on net income. OFG’s methodology for allocating expenses for corporate services among segments is based on several factors such as revenue, employee headcount, occupied space, and dedicated services or time, among others. Following are the results of operations and the selected financial information by operating segment for 2025 and 2024.

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TABLE 4 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Year Ended December 31, 2025
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotalEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$636,790$21$149,625$786,436$(5,500)$780,936
Interest expense(143,644)(34,325)(177,969)5,500(172,469)
Net interest income493,14621115,300608,467608,467
Provision for credit losses(107,453)(60)(107,513)(107,513)
Non-interest income, net82,20438,8251,947122,976122,976
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits(150,954)(10,352)(1,120)(162,426)(162,426)
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs(38,583)(668)(72)(39,323)(39,323)
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment(20,388)(50)(20)(20,458)(20,458)
Electronic banking charges(47,077)(47,077)(47,077)
Information technology expenses(26,616)(190)(26,806)(26,806)
Professional and service fees(20,680)(2,898)(127)(23,705)(23,705)
Loan servicing and clearing expenses(6,893)(1,798)(454)(9,145)(9,145)
Amortization of other intangible assets(1,154)(1,154)(1,154)
Intersegment expenses4,010(2,311)(1,699)
Other(57,338)(1,877)(504)(59,719)(59,719)
Total non-interest expense(365,673)(20,144)(3,996)(389,813)(389,813)
Income before income taxes$102,224$18,702$113,191$234,117$$234,117
Income tax expense(28,771)(17)(226)(29,014)(29,014)
Net income$73,453$18,685$112,965$205,103$$205,103
Total assets$10,042,544$30,742$3,771,871$13,845,157$(1,379,500)$12,465,657

Eliminations include interest income and expense for a time deposit opened by the Bank in Oriental Overseas, the IBE unit, which operates within the Bank. The time deposit with a balance of $283.9 million and $278.4 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which is used to fund Oriental Overseas operations, is included in the Treasury Segment with its corresponding interest expense, and the related interest income is included in the Banking Segment, and are eliminated in the consolidation. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. The increase in interest income and interest expense from the prior year was mainly as a result of higher interest rate.

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Year Ended December 31, 2024
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotalEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$619,328$26$134,970$754,324$(4,047)$750,277
Interest expense(147,661)(18,223)(165,884)4,047(161,837)
Net interest income471,66726116,747588,440588,440
(Provision for) recapture of credit losses(82,436)185(82,251)(82,251)
Non-interest income, net86,72036,5227123,249123,249
Non-interest expenses
Compensation and employee benefits(149,194)(9,527)(989)(159,710)(159,710)
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs(37,407)(721)(121)(38,249)(38,249)
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment(20,807)(48)(19)(20,874)(20,874)
Electronic banking charges(42,816)(42,816)(42,816)
Information technology expenses(27,394)(187)(1)(27,582)(27,582)
Professional and service fees(15,804)(2,875)(197)(18,876)(18,876)
Loan servicing and clearing expenses(5,937)(1,455)(543)(7,935)(7,935)
Amortization of other intangible assets(1,385)(1,385)(1,385)
Intersegment expenses3,518(2,121)(1,397)
Other(56,173)(1,720)(370)(58,263)(58,263)
Total non-interest expense(353,399)(18,654)(3,637)(375,690)(375,690)
Income before income taxes$122,552$17,894$113,302$253,748$$253,748
Income tax expense(55,402)(10)(166)(55,578)(55,578)
Net income$67,150$17,884$113,136$198,170$$198,170
Total assets$9,513,074$34,219$3,192,845$12,740,138$(1,239,404)$11,500,734

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Comparison of years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

Banking

OFG’s banking segment net income before taxes decreased by $20.3 million from $122.6 million to $102.2 million, mainly due to:

•Increase of $25.0 million in provision for credit losses, mainly due to growth in loan balances, specific reserves and alignment of economic and loss rate model assumptions;

•Decrease of $4.5 million in non-interest income, related to reduced interchange fees due to the implementation of Durbin Amendment that took effect for the Bank in July 1, 2024; and

•Increase of $12.3 million in non-interest expenses, mainly due to increases of: (i) $4.3 million in electronic banking charges due to increased transaction volumes, (ii) $4.9 million in professional and service fees due to a performance based advisory costs as part of the renegotiation of a cost-saving technology services contract and higher compliance-related expenses, (iii) $1.8 million as a result of higher salaries and benefits, including payroll taxes, and (iv) $2.0 million reduction in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets expenses (income), net. This reduction primarily reflects a $4.0 million increase in gains from the sale of other repossessed assets driven by higher volume of units sold and improved pricing, partially offset by $1.9 million lower gains on sales of foreclosed real estate due to lower volume of properties sold.

The decrease in the banking segment’s net income was partially offset by:

•Increase of $16.3 million in interest income from loans, driven by higher loan balances; and

•Decrease of $4.0 million in interest expense primarily related to a decrease of 3 basis points in the average cost of core deposits.

Wealth Management

Net income before taxes from this segment increased from $17.9 million to $18.7 million, mainly from higher non-interest income of $2.3 million, mostly related to higher broker-dealer fees from investment advisory service fees and mutual funds retailer fees, higher insurance income from annuities and premiums, and an increase in trustee-only fees, partially offset by higher salaries and employee benefits of $0.8 million.

Treasury

Treasury segment net income before taxes decreased by $0.1 million from $113.3 million to $113.2 million. This reduction is mainly due to higher interest expense of $16.1 million, reflecting $8.2 million from interest paid on borrowings and $6.6 million from brokered deposits, primarily reflecting $400 million in new two-year FHLB advances and $183.9 million in additional brokered deposits to increase liquidity and fund strategic growth in commercial loans. This reduction was partially offset by higher: (i) interest income of $14.7 million from the purchases of higher-yield investment securities; and (ii) non-interest income of $1.9 million reflecting gains from investments of OFG Ventures in fintech-focused funds.

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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

Assets Owned

At December 31, 2025, OFG’s total assets amounted to $12.466 billion, an increase of $965.0 million, when compared to $11.501 billion at December 31, 2024.

Cash and due from banks increased by $451.6 million to $1.0 billion, reflecting higher deposits and new wholesale borrowings during 2025.

The investment portfolio increased by $122.9 million or 4.5% primarily driven by $526.7 million new available-for-sale mortgage-backed securities and US Treasury securities, $82.8 million in mortgage loan securitization and $87.5 million in favorable market value adjustments. These increases were offset by principal paydowns and maturities. OFG’s investment strategy focuses on liquidity and highly liquid securities, considering their investment and the current market environment.

OFG’s loan portfolio is comprised of Puerto Rico residential mortgage loans, consumer loans, auto loans, commercial loans secured by real estate, other commercial and industrial loans, and commercial US loans. At December 31, 2025, OFG’s net loan portfolio increased by $380.4 million or 5.0% reflecting increases in US and Puerto Rico commercial, auto and consumer loans, partially offset by mortgage securitization and portfolio run-off.

Financial Assets Managed

At December 31, 2025, OFG’s financial assets include those managed by OFG’s trust division and its securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries. OFG’s trust division offers various types of IRAs and manages retirement plans and custodian and corporate trust accounts. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the total assets managed by OFG’s trust division amounted to $2.490 billion and $2.262 billion, respectively. The increase of $227.8 million reflects growth in the investments comprising the retirement plan assets, reflecting changes in current market conditions, as well as ongoing employee and employer contributions to the plans during the year. These increases were partially offset by distributions made to plan participants and administrative expenses incurred by the plans during 2025. OFG’s broker-dealer subsidiary offers a wide array of investment alternatives to its client base, such as tax-advantaged fixed income securities, mutual funds, stocks, bonds and money management wrap-fee programs. At December 31, 2025, total assets managed by the securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries from their customers’ investment accounts amounted to $2.613 billion, compared to $2.247 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase of $365.6 million in broker-dealer related assets is mainly due to new customers accounts opened during the year and changes in current market conditions.

Goodwill

OFG’s goodwill is not amortized to expense but is tested at least annually for impairment. A quantitative annual impairment test is not required if, based on a qualitative analysis, OFG determines that the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is not impaired. OFG completes its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31 of each year. OFG tests for impairment by first allocating its goodwill and other assets and liabilities, as necessary, to defined reporting units. A fair value is then determined for each reporting unit. If the fair values of the reporting units exceed their book values, no write-down of the recorded goodwill is necessary. If the fair values are less than the book values, an additional valuation procedure is necessary to assess the proper carrying value of the goodwill. During 2025, OFG performed an assessment of events or circumstances that could trigger reductions in the book value of the goodwill. Based on this assessment, no impairments were identified at December 31, 2025.

As of both December 31, 2025 and 2024, OFG had $84.2 million of goodwill allocated as follows: $84.1 million to the banking segment and $100 thousand to the wealth management segment. Please refer to “Note 10 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” to our consolidated financial statements for more information on the annual goodwill impairment test.

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TABLE 5 - ASSETS SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20252024
(In thousands)
Investments:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates$2,285,078$2,205,0393.6%
GNMA certificates490,571417,98517.4%
US Treasury securities1,6511,15043.6%
Equity securities62,73854,89614.3%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies2,5795,639(54.3)%
Other debt securities50135,550(98.6)%
Trading securities231827.8%
Total investments2,843,1412,720,2774.5%
Loans, net8,014,2467,633,8315.0%
Total investments and loans10,857,38710,354,1084.9%
Other assets:
Cash and due from banks1,036,074584,46777.3%
Money market investments4,2616,670(36.1)%
Foreclosed real estate2,4904,002(37.8)%
Accrued interest receivable71,11071,667(0.8)%
Deferred tax asset, net104,3596,2481,570.3%
Premises and equipment, net93,554104,512(10.5)%
Customers' liability on acceptances22,44231,526(28.8)%
Servicing assets66,33370,435(5.8)%
Goodwill84,24184,2410.0%
Other intangible assets9,85414,782(33.3)%
Operating lease right-of-use assets21,26119,19710.8%
Other assets92,291148,879(38.0)%
Total other assets1,608,2701,146,62640.3%
Total assets$12,465,657$11,500,7348.4%
Investment portfolio composition:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates80.3%81.1%
GNMA certificates17.3%15.4%
US Treasury securities0.1%0.0%
Equity securities2.2%2.0%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies0.1%0.2%
Other debt securities and trading securities0.0%1.3%
100.0%100.0%

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TABLE 6 - LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20252024
(In thousands)
Loans held-for-investment:
Commercial loans$3,490,169$3,103,09112.5%
Mortgage loans1,390,3461,470,817(5.5)%
Consumer loans683,548668,5612.2%
Auto loans2,636,9792,549,4933.4%
8,201,0427,791,9625.3%
Allowance for credit losses(202,341)(175,863)15.1%
Total loans held-for-investment, net7,998,7017,616,0995.0%
Mortgage loans held-for-sale12,48313,286(6.0)%
Other loans held-for-sale3,0624,446(31.1)%
Total loans held-for-sale15,54517,732(12.3)%
Total loans, net$8,014,246$7,633,8315.0%

OFG’s loan portfolio is composed of commercial, mortgage, consumer, and auto loans. As shown in Table 6 above, total loans, net, amounted to $8.014 billion at December 31, 2025, a 5.0% increase when compared to $7.634 billion at December 31, 2024. The composition and trends of OFG’s loans held-for-investment portfolio were as follows:

•Commercial loan portfolio amounted to $3.490 billion (42.6% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $3.103 billion (39.8% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2024, a 12.5% increase as a result of originations and credit lines usage during 2025. Commercial loans secured by non-owner occupied commercial real estate amounted to $774.1 million and $796.9 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which represented 9.4% of our total gross loan portfolio held-for-investment. Commercial US loans amounted to $830.0 million and $704.1 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which represented 10.1% and 9.0% of our total gross loan portfolio held-for-investment.

During 2025, OFG sold $20.5 million commercial loans held-for-sale and recognized a $2.7 million gain, included in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations. Additionally, during 2025, OFG sold $21.1 million non-performing commercial loans held-for-investment and recognized a $1.4 million gain, included in other non-interest income in the consolidated statements of operations.

Commercial loan production increased 41.7% or $373.8 million to $1.269 billion in 2025 from $895.3 million in 2024, mainly in the commercial US loan portfolio. Commercial US loans activities include the purchase of middle market senior secured cash flow loan participations and the purchase of participations of loans to small and medium sized businesses. Excluding commercial US loans activities, commercial PR loan production increased by 13.0% to $835.6 million in 2025 from $739.6 million in 2024.

•Mortgage loan portfolio amounted to $1.390 billion (17.0% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $1.471 billion (18.9% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2024, a 5.5% decrease resulting from securitization of conforming loans into mortgage-backed securities and regular paydowns. Mortgage loans included delinquent loans in the GNMA buy-back option program amounting to $56.5 million and $48.6 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Under the GNMA program, issuers such as OFG have the option but not the obligation to repurchase loans that are 90 days or more past due. For accounting purposes, these loans subject to the repurchase option are required to be reflected (rebooked) on our financial statements with an offsetting liability.

Mortgage loan production totaled $179.6 million in 2025, which represents an increase of 19.5% from $150.3 million in 2024.

OFG follows a conservative residential mortgage lending policy with more than 90% of its residential mortgage portfolio consisting of fixed-rate, fully amortizing, fully documented loans that do not have the level of risk associated with subprime loans offered by certain major US mortgage loan originators. Furthermore, OFG has never been active in negative amortization loans or offered adjustable-rate mortgage loans with teaser rates.

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•Consumer loan portfolio amounted to $683.5 million (8.3% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $668.6 million (8.6% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2024. Consumer loan production decreased by 5.1% or $15.6 million to $288.8 million in 2025 from $304.5 million in 2024.

•Auto loans portfolio amounted to $2.637 billion (32.1% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $2.549 billion (32.7% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2024. Auto loans production decreased by 12.76% or $122.1 million to $834.7 million in 2025 from $956.8 million in 2024.

The following table presents the loans held-for-investment portfolio as of December 31, 2025 by maturities and interest rates:

TABLE 7 - MATURITY DISTRIBUTION OF LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
Balance Outstanding at December 31, 2025Maturities
One Year or LessAfter One to Five YearsAfter Five Years To 15 YearsAfter 15 Years
Fixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest Rates
(In thousands)
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$3,416,280$855,141$1,142,132$917,428$318,672$116,611$50,409$15,887
Mortgage loans639,05512,3849,798112228,9292,377377,1288,327
Consumer loans683,24657,457348,448245,44131,900
Auto loans2,636,89051,8611,416,1991,168,830
Total$7,375,471$976,843$2,916,577$917,540$1,961,872$118,988$459,437$24,214
PCD
Commercial loans$73,889$48,166$15,230$468$595$9,351$79$
Mortgage loans751,29158610,440169435,4371,500293,8769,283
Consumer loans302302
Auto loans892366
Total$825,571$49,077$25,670$637$436,098$10,851$293,955$9,283
Total loans$8,201,042$1,025,920$2,942,247$918,177$2,397,970$129,839$753,392$33,497

The following table includes the maturities of OFG’s lending exposure to the Puerto Rico government.

TABLE 8 - PUERTO RICO GOVERNMENT RELATED LOANS

December 31, 2025
Maturity
Carrying ValueLess than 1 Year1 to 3 YearsMore than 3 Years
Loans:(In thousands)
Municipalities$77,296$$12,298$64,998

At December 31, 2025, OFG has $77.3 million of direct credit exposure to the Puerto Rico government, a $10.9 million increase from $66.4 million at December 31, 2024. The Bank’s loans to the Puerto Rico government are general obligations of municipalities secured by ad valorem taxation, without limitation as to rate or amount, on all taxable property within the issuing municipalities in current status. The good faith, credit and unlimited taxing power of each issuing municipality are pledged for the payment of its general obligations. Deposits from the Puerto Rico government totaled $1.676 billion at December 31, 2025.

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Allowance for Credit Losses

OFG measures its ACL based on management’s best estimate of expected credit losses inherent in OFG’s relevant financial assets. Tables 9 through 11 set forth an analysis of activity in the ACL and present selected credit loss statistics for and as of 2025 and 2024. In addition, Table 6 sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio.

Please refer to the “Provision for Credit Losses” and “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” sections in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this annual report on Form 10-K and “Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a more detailed analysis of provisions and ACL.

Non-performing Assets

OFG’s non-performing assets include non-performing loans, foreclosed real estate, and other repossessed assets (see Tables 13 and 15). At December 31, 2025, OFG had $124.6 million of non-accrual loans held-for-investment, including $282 thousand PCD loans, compared to $78.0 million at December 31, 2024, mainly related to an increase of $45.8 million in commercial loan portfolio from $41.6 million at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by $48.3 million in Non-PCD commercial loans (see Table 14), mostly due to the move to non-accrual classification of a $45.0 million Puerto Rico telecommunications loan.

As of December 31, 2025, OFG had $3.1 million in non-accrual commercial US loans held-for-sale. There were no past due or non-accrual commercial loans held-for-sale as of December 31, 2024.

Delinquent residential mortgage loans insured or guaranteed under applicable FHA and VA programs are classified as non-performing loans when they become 90 days or more past due but are not placed in non-accrual status until they become 12 months or more past due, since they are insured loans. Therefore, those loans are included as non-performing loans but excluded from non-accrual loans. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the outstanding balance of these residential mortgage loans was $5.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2025, OFG’s non-performing assets increased by 45.3% to $136.0 million (1.09% total assets) from $93.6 million (0.81% of total assets) at December 31, 2024, related to the $45.0 million Puerto Rico telecommunications loan.

Foreclosed real estate decreased from $4.0 million at December 31, 2024 to $2.5 million at December 31, 2025 and other repossessed assets decreased from $6.6 million at December 31, 2024 to $3.5 million at December 31, 2025, both recorded at fair value. OFG does not expect non-performing loans to result in significantly higher losses. At December 31, 2025, the allowance coverage ratio to non-performing loans was 155.6% (211.9% at December 31, 2024).

Upon adoption of CECL, OFG elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. As such, the determination of non-accrual or accrual status for PCD loans is made at the pool level, not the individual loan level. The ACL was determined for each pool and added to the pool’s carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the non-credit premium or discount which is amortized as interest income over the remaining life of the pool. On a quarterly basis, management monitors the composition and behavior of the pools to assess the ability for cash flow estimation and timing. If based on the analysis performed the pool is classified as non-accrual, the accretion/amortization of the non-credit (discount) premium ceases.

The following items comprise non-performing loans held-for-investment, including non-PCD and PCDs:

Commercial loans - At December 31, 2025, OFG’s non-performing commercial loans amounted to $87.3 million (67.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 110.1% increase from $41.6 million at December 31, 2024 (50.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD commercial loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the underlying collateral, if any. The increase was primarily driven by the $45.0 million Puerto Rico telecommunications loans classified as non-accrual during 2025, even though it is not past due at December 31, 2025.

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Mortgage loans - At December 31, 2025, OFG’s non-performing mortgage loans totaled $17.6 million (13.6% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 2.7% increase from $17.2 million (20.7% of OFG’s non-performing loans) at December 31, 2024. Non-PCD mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written-down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the collateral underlying the loan, except for FHA and VA insured mortgage loans which are placed in non-accrual when they become 12 months or more past due.

Consumer loans - At December 31, 2025, OFG’s non-performing consumer loans amounted to $4.4 million (3.4% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 4.1% increase from $4.2 million at December 31, 2024 (5.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD consumer loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due and written-off when payments are delinquent 120 days in personal loans and 180 days in credit cards and personal lines of credit.

Auto loans - At December 31, 2025, OFG’s non-performing auto loans amounted to $20.8 million (15.9% of OFG’s total non-performing loans), a 3.5% increase from $20.1 million at December 31, 2024 (24.1% of OFG’s total non-performing loans). Non-PCD auto loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due, partially written-off to collateral value when payments are delinquent 120 days and fully written-off when payments are delinquent 180 days.

OFG has two mortgage loan modification programs. These are the Loss Mitigation Program and the Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program. Both programs are intended to help responsible homeowners to remain in their homes and avoid foreclosure, while also reducing OFG’s losses on non-performing mortgage loans. The Loss Mitigation Program helps mortgage borrowers who are or will become financially unable to meet the current or scheduled mortgage payments. Loans that qualify under this program are those guaranteed by FHA, VA, RHS, Puerto Rico Housing Finance Authority (“PRHFA”), conventional loans guaranteed by Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (“MGIC”), conventional loans sold to FNMA and FHLMC, and conventional loans retained by OFG. The program offers diversified alternatives such as regular or reduced payment plans, payment moratorium, mortgage loan modification, partial claims (only FHA), short sale, and deed in lieu of foreclosure. The Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program is for non-conforming mortgages, including balloon payment, interest-only/interest first, variable interest rate, adjustable interest rate and other qualified loans. Non-conforming mortgage loan portfolios are segregated into the following categories: performing loans that meet secondary market requirement and are refinanced under the credit underwriting guidelines of FHA, VA, FNMA, or FHLMC, as applicable, and performing loans not meeting secondary market guidelines processed pursuant OFG’s current credit and underwriting guidelines. OFG achieved an affordable and sustainable monthly payment by taking specific, sequential, and necessary steps such as reducing the interest rate, extending the loan term, capitalizing arrearages, deferring the payment of principal or, if the borrower qualifies, refinancing the loan. In order to apply for any of our loan modification programs, if the borrower is active in Chapter 13 bankruptcy, it must request an authorization from the bankruptcy trustee to allow the loan modification. Borrowers with discharged Chapter 7 bankruptcies may also apply. Loans in these programs are evaluated by designated credit underwriters for financial difficulty modification if OFG grants a concession for legal or economic reasons due to the debtor’s financial difficulties.

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TABLE 9 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES BREAKDOWN

December 31,Variance %
20252024
(In thousands)
ACL:
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$65,943$44,81447.1%
Mortgage loans6,3586,395(0.6)%
Consumer loans33,46631,8185.2%
Auto loans92,47287,6825.5%
Total ACL$198,239$170,70916.1%
PCD
Commercial loans$493$622(20.7)%
Mortgage loans3,5994,514(20.3)%
Consumer loans911(18.2)%
Auto loans17(85.7)%
Total ACL$4,102$5,154(20.4)%
ACL summary
Commercial loans$66,436$45,43646.2%
Mortgage loans9,957$10,909(8.7)%
Consumer loans33,475$31,8295.2%
Auto loans92,473$87,6895.5%
Total ACL$202,341$175,86315.1%
ACL composition:
Commercial loans32.8%25.8%
Mortgage loans4.9%6.2%
Consumer loans16.5%18.1%
Auto loans45.8%49.9%
100.0%100.0%
ACL coverage ratio at end of period:
Commercial loans1.90%1.46%30.1%
Mortgage loans0.72%0.74%(2.7)%
Consumer loans4.90%4.76%2.9%
Auto loans3.51%3.44%2.0%
2.47%2.26%9.3%
ACL coverage ratio to non-performing loans:
Commercial loans76.1%109.3%(30.4)%
Mortgage loans56.5%63.5%(11.0)%
Consumer loans764.6%756.6%1.1%
Auto loans445.7%437.2%1.9%
155.6%211.9%(26.6)%

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TABLE 10 - ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

December 31,
20252024
Amount of ACLPercent of loans in each category of total loans [1]Amount of ACLPercent of loans in each category of total loans [1]
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Commercial loans$66,43642.6%$45,43639.8%
Mortgage loans9,95717.0%10,90918.9%
Consumer loans33,4758.3%31,8298.6%
Auto loans92,47332.1%87,68932.7%
Total$202,341100.0%$175,863100.0%
[1] Total loans in this table refers to total loans held-for-investment.

TABLE 11 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20252024Variance %
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$175,863$161,1069.2%
Provision for credit losses106,71382,54729.3%
Charge-offs(118,794)(104,430)13.8%
Recoveries38,55936,6405.2%
Balance at end of year$202,341$175,86315.1%

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TABLE 12 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOANS

Year Ended December 31,
20252024Variance %
(In thousands)
Non-PCD:
Mortgage loans
Charge-offs$(34)$(126)(73.0)%
Recoveries1,1931,06911.6%
Total1,15994322.9%
Commercial PR
Charge-offs(7,843)(4,579)71.3%
Recoveries2,4371,99921.9%
Total(5,406)(2,580)109.5%
Commercial US
Charge-offs(6,620)(3,638)82.0%
Recoveries4469(36.2)%
Total(6,576)(3,569)84.3%
Consumer loans
Charge-offs(31,949)(33,266)(4.0)%
Recoveries3,4334,166(17.6)%
Total(28,516)(29,100)(2.0)%
Auto loans
Charge-offs(68,807)(61,651)11.6%
Recoveries29,42226,33411.7%
Total(39,385)(35,317)11.5%
PCD:
Mortgage loans
Charge-offs$(59)$(178)(66.9)%
Recoveries9521,326(28.2)%
Total8931,148(22.2)%
Commercial PR
Charge-offs(3,459)(967)257.7%
Recoveries9401,411(33.4)%
Total(2,519)444(667.3)%
Consumer loans
Charge-offs(1)100.0%
Recoveries3362(46.8)%
Total3262(48.4)%
Auto loans
Charge-offs(22)(25)(12.0)%
Recoveries105204(48.5)%
Total83179(53.6)%
Total charge-offs(118,794)(104,430)13.8%
Total recoveries38,55936,6405.2%
Net credit losses$(80,235)$(67,790)18.4%

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TABLE 12 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOANS (CONTINUED)

Year Ended December 31,
20252024Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Net credit losses (recoveries) to average loans outstanding:
Mortgage loans(0.15)%(0.14)%7.1%
Commercial PR0.32%0.09%255.6%
Commercial US0.83%0.52%59.6%
Consumer loans4.06%4.32%(6.0)%
Auto loans1.50%1.45%3.4%
Total1.00%0.89%12.4%
Recoveries to charge-offs32.46%35.09%(7.5)%
Average Loans Held-for-Investment
Mortgage loans$1,371,739$1,466,528(6.5)%
Commercial PR2,497,8772,364,2635.7%
Commercial US794,735705,00912.7%
Consumer loans701,423672,4964.3%
Auto loans2,626,3672,418,5348.6%
Total$7,992,141$7,626,8304.8%

Net charge-offs for 2025 amounted to $80.2 million (1.00% of average loans), increasing by $12.4 million, when compared to $67.8 million (0.89% of average loans) in the prior year period.

Net charge-offs variances were as follows:

•Residential mortgage loans net recoveries for 2025 remained constant at $2.1 million, when compared to prior year.

•Commercial loans net charge-offs for 2025 amounted to $14.5 million, increasing by $8.8 million, when compared to $5.7 million in the prior year. Net charge-offs for 2025 included $6.1 million charge-offs, of which $3.1 million had been previously reserved, and $1.3 million recoveries related to the sale of non-performing commercial loans. Net charge-offs for 2025, also included $6.6 million from commercial US loans, compared to $3.6 million in 2024. The net charge-offs for 2024 included $3.5 million from previously and fully-reserved nonperforming paycheck protection program (“PPP”) loans.

•Consumer loans net charge-offs for 2025 amounted $28.5 million, decreasing by $554 thousand, when compared to net charge-offs of $29.0 million in the prior year.

•Auto loans net charge-offs for 2025 amounted to $39.3 million, increasing by $4.2 million, when compared to net charge-offs of $35.1 million in the prior year, mainly as a result of higher loan volume.

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TABLE 13 — NON-PERFORMING ASSETS

December 31,Variance %
20252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing assets:
Non-PCD
Non-accruing loans$124,300$75,09865.5%
Accruing loans5,4815,0059.5%
Total$129,781$80,10362.0%
PCD2822,880(90.2)%
Total non-performing loans$130,063$82,98356.7%
Foreclosed real estate2,4904,002(37.8)%
Other repossessed assets3,4576,595(47.6)%
$136,010$93,58045.3%
Non-performing assets to total assets1.09%0.81%34.6%
Non-performing assets to total capital9.78%7.46%31.1%

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TABLE 14 — NON-ACCRUAL LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$87,253$38,913124.2%
Mortgage loans11,91911,923—%
Consumer loans4,3784,2074.1%
Auto loans20,75020,0553.5%
Total$124,300$75,09865.5%
PCD
Commercial loans$55$2,641(97.9)%
Mortgage loans227239(5.0)%
Total$282$2,880(90.2)%
Total non-accrual loans$124,582$77,97859.8%
Non-accruals loans composition percentages:
Commercial loans70.1%53.3%
Mortgage loans9.7%15.6%
Consumer loans3.5%5.4%
Auto loans16.7%25.7%
100.0%100.0%
Non-accrual loans ratios:
Non-accrual loans to total loans1.52%1.00%52.0%
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans162.42%225.53%(28.0)%
Year Ended December 31,
20252024
(In thousands)
Interest that would have been recorded in the period if the loans had not been classified as non-accruing loans$823$1,220

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TABLE 15 - NON-PERFORMING LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$87,253$38,913124.2%
Mortgage loans17,40016,9282.8%
Consumer loans4,3784,2074.1%
Auto loans20,75020,0553.5%
Total$129,781$80,10362.0%
PCD
Commercial loans$55$2,641(97.9)%
Mortgage loans227239(5.0)%
Total$282$2,880(90.2)%
Total non-performing loans$130,063$82,98356.7%
Non-performing loans composition percentages:
Commercial loans67.1%50.1%
Mortgage loans13.6%20.7%
Consumer loans3.4%5.1%
Auto loans15.9%24.1%
100.0%100.0%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans held-for-investment gross1.59%1.06%50.0%
Total assets1.04%0.72%44.4%
Total capital9.36%6.62%41.4%
Non-performing loans with partial charge-offs to:
Total loans held-for-investment gross0.19%0.20%(5.0)%
Non-performing loans11.95%18.41%(35.1)%
Other non-performing loans ratios:
Charge-off rate on non-performing loans to non-performing loans on which charge-offs have been taken109.85%109.79%0.1%
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans on which no charge-offs have been taken176.69%259.75%(32.0)%

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TABLE 16 - LIABILITIES SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing deposits$2,626,768$2,493,8595.3%
NOW accounts3,173,1423,133,4671.3%
Savings accounts2,259,9732,064,9099.4%
Time deposits2,197,3581,909,32415.1%
Total deposits10,257,2419,601,5596.8%
Accrued interest payable5,5113,22770.8%
Total deposits and accrued interest payable10,262,7529,604,7866.9%
Borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase100,71475,22233.9%
Advances from FHLB456,581325,95240.1%
Other borrowings9100.0%
Total borrowings557,304401,17438.90%
Total deposits and borrowings10,820,05610,005,9608.1%
Other liabilities:
Acceptances executed and outstanding22,44231,526(28.8)%
Operating lease liabilities23,15721,3888.3%
Deferred tax liabilities, net40,718(100.0)%
Accrued expenses and other liabilities209,997146,77143.1%
Total liabilities$11,075,652$10,246,3638.1%
Deposits portfolio composition percentages:
Non-interest-bearing deposits25.6%26.0%
NOW accounts31.0%32.6%
Savings accounts22.0%21.5%
Time deposits21.4%19.9%
100.0%100.0%
Borrowings portfolio composition percentages:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase18.1%18.8%
Advances from FHLB81.9%81.2%
100.0%100.0%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (excluding accrued interest)
Amount outstanding at period-end$100,000$75,000
Daily average outstanding balance$66,941$75,000
Maximum outstanding balance at any month-end$127,344$75,000

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Liabilities and Funding Sources

As shown in Table 16 above, at December 31, 2025, OFG’s total liabilities were $11.076 billion, 8.1% higher than the $10.246 billion reported at December 31, 2024. Deposits and borrowings, OFG’s funding sources, amounted to $10.820 billion at December 31, 2025 compared to $10.006 billion at December 31, 2024. Deposits, excluding accrued interest payable, increased by $655.7 million or 6.8% reflecting increases in time deposits of $288.0 million, savings and money market accounts of $195.1 million and demand deposits of $172.6 million.

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, total public fund deposits from various Puerto Rico government municipalities, agencies and corporations amounted to $1.676 billion and $1.445 billion, respectively. These public funds were collateralized with securities and commercial loans amounting to $1.691 billion and $1.507 billion at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, borrowings amounted to $456.6 million, consisting of short and long-term FHLB advances and short-term repurchase agreements. This represents an increase of $156.1 million or 38.9% from December 31, 2024, driven by: (i) new two-year FHLB advances amounting to $400.0 million at a weighted interest rate of 4.13% taken during 2025 to increase liquidity and fund strategic growth in commercial loans; and (ii) new short-term repurchase agreements amounting to $100 million at 3.62% taken during the third quarter of 2025, offset by the maturity of $75 million in similar agreements.

Stockholders’ Equity

At December 31, 2025, OFG’s total stockholders’ equity was $1.390 billion, a 10.8% increase when compared to $1.254 billion at December 31, 2024. This reflects an increase in retained earnings of $132.6 million, mainly due to $205.1 million in net income, partially offset by $53.5 million in dividends declared on common stock and legal surplus of $19.0 million, and lower accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, of $72.9 million from favorable market value adjustments in available-for-sale investment securities. These variances were partially offset by $92.1 million from higher treasury stock as a result of repurchases of common stock in the aggregate amount of $91.6 million during 2025 in connection with the approved stock repurchase programs for such period.

Regulatory Capital

OFG and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC. The current risk-based capital standards applicable to OFG and the Bank are based on the final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards, known as Basel III, of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. As of December 31, 2025, the capital ratios of OFG and the Bank continue to exceed the minimum requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Basel III capital rules.

The risk-based capital ratios presented in Table 16 include CET1, tier 1 capital, total capital and leverage capital as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and are calculated based on the Basel III capital rules related to the measurement of capital, risk-weighted assets and average assets. The following are OFG’s consolidated capital, dividends, and stock data, including capital ratios under the Basel III capital rules at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

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TABLE 17 — CAPITAL, DIVIDENDS AND STOCK DATA

December 31,Variance
20252024%
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Capital data:
Stockholders’ equity$1,390,005$1,254,37110.8%
Regulatory Capital Ratios data:
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio13.97%14.26%(2.0)%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio required4.50%4.50%%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$1,318,6331,256,9064.9%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital required$424,620396,5597.1%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$235,900220,3117.1%
Excess over regulatory requirement$658,113640,0362.8%
Risk-weighted assets$9,436,0108,812,4227.1%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio13.97%14.26%(2.0)%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio required6.00%6.00%%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$1,318,633$1,256,9064.9%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital required$566,161$528,7457.1%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$235,900220,3117.1%
Excess over regulatory requirement$516,572$507,8501.7%
Risk-weighted assets$9,436,010$8,812,4227.1%
Total risk-based capital ratio15.24%15.52%(1.8)%
Minimum total risk-based capital ratio required8.00%8.00%%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,437,596$1,367,6925.1%
Minimum total risk-based capital required$754,881$704,9947.1%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$235,900220,3117.1%
Excess over regulatory requirement$446,815$442,3871.0%
Risk-weighted assets$9,436,010$8,812,4227.1%
Leverage capital ratio10.71%10.93%(2.0)%
Minimum leverage capital ratio required4.00%4.00%%
Actual tier 1 capital$1,318,633$1,256,9064.9%
Minimum tier 1 capital required$492,568$460,1387.0%
Excess over regulatory requirement$826,065$796,7683.7%
Tangible common equity to total assets10.40%10.05%3.5%
Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets13.73%13.11%4.7%
Total equity to total assets11.15%10.91%2.2%
Total equity to risk-weighted assets14.73%14.23%3.5%
Stock data:
Outstanding common shares43,257,16745,440,269(4.8)%
Book value per common share$32.13$27.6016.4%
Tangible book value per common share$29.96$25.4317.8%
Market price at end of year$40.98$42.32(3.2)%
Market capitalization at end of year$1,772,679$1,923,032(7.8)%

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The following table presents OFG’s capital adequacy information under the Basel III capital rules:

December 31,Variance
20252024%
(Dollars in thousands)
Risk-based capital:
Common equity tier 1 capital$1,318,633$1,256,9064.9%
Tier 1 capital1,318,6331,256,9064.9%
Additional Tier 2 capital118,963110,7867.4%
Total risk-based capital$1,437,596$1,367,6925.1%
Risk-weighted assets:
Balance sheet items$8,798,325$8,215,7437.1%
Off-balance sheet items637,685596,6796.9%
Total risk-weighted assets$9,436,010$8,812,4227.1%
Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 7%)13.97%14.26%(2.0)%
Tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 8.5%)13.97%14.26%(2.0)%
Total capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 10.5%)15.24%15.52%(1.8)%
Leverage ratio (minimum required - 4%)10.71%10.93%(2.0)%

From December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025, the leverage capital ratio decreased from 10.93% to 10.71%, the tier 1 risk-based and common equity tier 1 capital ratios decreased from 14.26% to 13.97%, and the total risk-based capital ratio decreased from 15.52% to 15.24%. The decreases in regulatory capital ratios reflected an increase in risk-weighted assets of $623.6 million, partially offset by an increase in regulatory capital of $69.9 million. Risk-weighted assets increased mainly from higher loans, as a result of originations, and an increase in deferred tax assets, due to the expiration of a tax agreement from the 2019 acquisition of Scotiabank’s Puerto Rico and USVI operations. Regulatory capital increased mainly due to net income, partially offset by dividends and treasury stock repurchases.

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The Bank is considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The table below shows the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

December 31,Variance
20252024%
(Dollars in thousands)
Oriental Bank Regulatory Capital Ratios:
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.44%13.60%(1.2)%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$1,260,530$1,191,5475.8%
Minimum capital requirement (4.5%)$422,175$394,1927.1%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$234,542$218,9957.1%
Minimum to be well capitalized (6.5%)$609,808$569,3887.1%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.44%13.60%(1.2)%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$1,260,530$1,191,5475.8%
Minimum capital requirement (6%)$562,900$525,5897.1%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$234,542$218,9957.1%
Minimum to be well capitalized (8%)$750,533$700,7867.1%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets14.70%14.86%(1.1)%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,378,822$1,301,6845.9%
Minimum capital requirement (8%)$750,533$700,7867.1%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$234,542$218,9957.1%
Minimum to be well capitalized (10%)$938,167$875,9827.1%
Total Tier 1 Capital to Average Total Assets10.31%10.45%(1.3)%
Actual tier 1 capital$1,260,530$1,191,5475.8%
Minimum capital requirement (4%)$489,159$456,1447.2%
Minimum to be well capitalized (5%)$611,449$570,1797.2%

Non-GAAP financial measures

OFG reports certain financial measures that are not in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures are provided as supplemental information to the financial measures in this report that are calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. To mitigate these limitations, OFG has procedures in place to calculate these measures using the appropriate GAAP or regulatory components. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.

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TABLE 18 — RECONCILIATION OF TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY AND TANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table presents a reconciliation of OFG’s total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets at December 31, 2025 and 2024:

December 31,
20252024
(In thousands, except share or per share information)
Total stockholders’ equity$1,390,005$1,254,371
Goodwill(84,241)(84,241)
Other intangible assets(9,855)(14,782)
Total tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$1,295,909$1,155,348
Total assets$12,465,65711,500,734
Goodwill(84,241)(84,241)
Core deposit intangible(7,547)(11,320)
Customer relationship intangible(2,308)(3,462)
Total tangible assets (non-GAAP)$12,371,561$11,401,711
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)10.47%10.13%
Common shares outstanding at end of year43,257,16745,440,269
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP)$29.96$25.43
Average stockholders’ equity$1,341,568$1,255,872
Average intangible assets(96,362)(101,764)
Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$1,245,206$1,154,108
Average return on tangible common equity (Non-GAAP)16.47%17.17%
* Averages are calculated on a year-to-date basis.

The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share are non-GAAP measures and, unlike tier 1 capital and common equity tier 1 capital, are not codified in the federal banking regulations. Management and many stock analysts use the tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations. Neither tangible common equity nor tangible assets or related measures should be considered in isolation or as a substitute for stockholders’ equity, total assets or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which OFG calculates its tangible common equity, tangible assets and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.

Tangible common equity to tangible total assets increased from 10.13% to 10.47%, reflecting an increase in retained earnings from net income, net of dividends and stock repurchases.

OFG’s common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol “OFG”. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, OFG’s market capitalization for its outstanding common stock was $1.773 billion ($40.98 per share) and $1.923 billion ($42.32 per share), respectively. The following table provides the high and low prices and dividends per share of OFG’s common stock for each quarter of the last three calendar years:

64

Cash
PriceDividend
HighLowPer share
2025
December 31, 2025$43.38$38.21$0.30
September 30, 2025$45.47$41.72$0.30
June 30, 2025$43.28$34.78$0.30
March 31, 2025$44.74$38.85$0.30
2024
December 31, 2024$46.72$38.97$0.25
September 30, 2024$46.84$36.77$0.25
June 30, 2024$38.16$33.37$0.25
March 31, 2024$38.51$34.78$0.25
2023
December 31, 2023$38.29$28.67$0.22
September 30, 2023$33.82$26.14$0.22
June 30, 2023$27.80$22.80$0.22
March 31, 2023$30.42$24.37$0.22

In April 2025, the Board approved a new $100 million stock repurchase program in addition to the $50 million stock repurchase program approved in October 2024. The shares of common stock repurchased are held by OFG as treasury shares. OFG records treasury stock purchases under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock.

OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during 2025 and 2024, other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase programs.

At December 31, 2025, the estimated remaining number of shares that may be purchased under the Existing Repurchase Programs is 929,244 and was calculated by dividing the remaining balance of $38.1 million by $40.98 (closing price of OFG’s common stock at December 31, 2025).

December 31,Variance
20252024%
(Dollars in thousands)
Common dividend data:
Cash dividends declared$53,513$46,93114.0%
Cash dividends declared per share$1.20$1.0020.0%
Payout ratio26.20%23.64%10.8%
Dividend yield2.93%2.36%24.2%

MD&A history

Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. The latest 10-K appears above; prior years are below.

FY 2024 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001030469-25-000007.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2025-02-27. Report date: 2024-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Note about Forward-Looking Statements,” Part I, Item 1 “Business,” Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K. We have omitted discussion of 2022 results where it would be redundant to the discussion previously included in Item 7 of our 2023 annual report on Form 10-K. For our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, see Part II, Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2023 annual report on Form 10-K.

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Capital Actions

2024 Capital Actions

In January 2024, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.25 per common share from $0.22 per share, beginning in the quarter ending March 31, 2024. The Board of Directors

also approved a new $50.0 million stock repurchase program. The new open-ended stock repurchase program replaced the prior stock repurchase program, which had been approved by the Board of Directors in January 2022 and had $17.2 million remaining of its $100.0 million repurchase parameters. In October 2024, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved a new $50.0 million stock repurchase program, in addition to the stock repurchase program approved in January 2024. The October stock repurchase program is also open-ended. During 2024, OFG repurchased 1,791,414 shares for a total of $70.3 million at an average price of $39.26 per share.

Announcement of Forthcoming 2025 Capital Actions

In January 2025, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.30 per common share from $0.25 per share, beginning in the quarter ending March 31, 2025.

Economic Conditions

We believe that Puerto Rico’s economy continues to demonstrate resiliency and growth and its private sector, including business investments and infrastructure projects, is expanding. The Puerto Rico Economic Activity Index, as published by the Economic Development Bank for Puerto Rico, registered 126.4 points in November 2024, which represents a decrease of 1.1% when compared to the same period of the previous year. However, according to the data published by the Economic Development Bank for Puerto Rico, wages are rising, and labor participation is increasing. Total non-farm payroll employment averaged 967 thousand jobs in November 2024, equivalent to an increase of 0.4% on a month-over-month basis, and an annual increase of 1.7%. The inflow of federal stimulus and reconstruction funds for rebuilding infrastructure has continued, and we believe this inflow will stimulate the local economy. Nevertheless, OFG continues to pay attention to the potential impact of prolonged high market interest rates, inflation trends, new mainland economic policies, delays in disaster relief funding disbursements and other economic factors, and global conflicts, all of which could impact our business and results of operations.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The accounting and reporting policies followed by OFG conform with GAAP and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management's historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these judgments, assumptions and estimates. The following critical accounting estimate involves significant estimation uncertainty that has or is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. A discussion of OFG’s significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting estimate described below, can be found in “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with this section.

Allowance for Credit Losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment

The most critical and complex accounting estimate is associated with the determination of the ACL. The provision for credit losses charged to current operations is based on this determination. The ACL represents management’s best estimate deemed appropriate to provide current expected future credit losses in the portfolio as of the date of the reporting period.

OFG’s management evaluates the adequacy of the ACL on a quarterly basis following a systematic methodology in order to provide for inherent risks in the loan portfolio. In developing its assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, OFG must rely on estimates and exercise judgment regarding matters where the ultimate outcome is unknown, such as economic developments affecting specific customers, industries or markets. Other factors that can affect management’s estimates are the key drivers used for each macroeconomic scenario, the macroeconomic scenarios selected, and the weighting given to each scenario, among others. Significant changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, in economic conditions, in historical loss

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experience, and in the condition of the various markets in which collateral may be sold may all affect the required level of the ACL. Consequently, the business, financial condition, liquidity, capital and results of operations could also be affected.

The ACL estimation requires management to use relevant forward-looking economic forecasts, by using variables such as employment and unemployment rate, gross national product (“GNP”), retail sales, and house price index, including in the application of reasonable and supportable forecasts. ACL estimations are performed by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics.

OFG applied a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method for non-purchased credit deteriorated loans (“non-PCD”) and an undiscounted cash flow (“UDCF”) method for purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans to determine the ACL for loans collectively measured for impairment, except for credit cards and overdrafts which utilize a remaining life methodology. For non-PCD, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan and discounted using the effective yield. The discounted amount of expected cash flows is compared to the amortized cost, and any shortfall is recorded as a reserve. For PCD loans, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan pool, pool reserve is calculated by aggregating total loss from the UDCF. Expected cash flows are resulted from applying the probability of default (“PD”), loss given default (“LGD”), and exposure at default (“EAD”). For the EAD, OFG uses a prepayment model that projects prepayments over the life of the loans.

Management’s judgment is required in selecting the macroeconomic scenarios and the weighting of the economic scenarios, which consist of baseline and moderate recession scenarios. As of December 31, 2024, management gave more weight to the baseline scenario, except for the US loan segment where the moderate recession scenario was given a greater weight. Management selects the macroeconomic forecast that is most reflective of expectations at that point in time. The applicability of qualitative adjustments includes adjustments of inherent risk not captured by the quantitative model.

OFG’s sensitivity analysis does not represent management’s view of expected credit losses at December 31, 2024. OFG evaluated sensitivities by applying 100% weight to baseline and moderate recession scenarios. The impact of assigning a 100% weight to the baseline scenario was a hypothetical decrease of 2% to the collective ACL, and the impact of assigning a 100% weight to the moderate recession scenario was a hypothetical increase of 3% to the collective ACL. These hypothetical sensitivities do not incorporate the impact of management’s judgment for qualitative factors applied in the current ACL for loans. It is possible that others performing similar sensitivity analyses could reach different conclusions or results. The sensitivity analysis excludes the ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures.

For a detailed description of the principal factors used to determine the ACL related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment and for the principal enhancement’s management made to its methodology, please refer to “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 5 – Loans” to the consolidated financial statements.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

We believe that the quarter and year ended December 31, 2024, reflected solid performance with strong financial results. The fourth quarter of 2024 earnings-per-share (“EPS”) diluted increased 11.2% year-over-year. 2024 EPS diluted increased 10.4% year-over-year. We demonstrated consistent and excellent operational execution on our plans, with our Digital First strategy helping to grow our banking franchise and market share. Results also benefited from lower taxes, and we bought back 1.8

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million shares in 2024. We believe that this is a great way to conclude the celebration of our 60th year in business bringing progress to all our stakeholders.

Year Ended 2024:

Earnings per share diluted was $4.23 compared to $3.83 in 2023. Total net income of $198.2 million compared to $181.9 million in 2023.

Fourth Quarter of 2024:

Earnings per share diluted was $1.09 compared to $1.00 in the third quarter of 2024 and $0.98 in the fourth quarter of 2023. Net income of $50.3 million compared to $47.0 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $46.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Performance metrics: Net interest margin of 5.40%, return on average assets of 1.75%, return on average stockholders’ equity of 15.43%, and efficiency ratio of 54.82%.

Total Interest Income of $190.2 million compared to $189.0 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $176.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared to the third quarter of 2024, the fourth quarter of 2024 increased $1.1 million, primarily reflecting higher balances and higher yields on investment securities, higher loan balances, $0.7 million accretion for commercial loan prepayments, and reduced interest income from cash.

Total Interest Expense of $41.0 million compared to $41.2 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $32.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared to the third quarter of 2024, the fourth quarter of 2024 decreased $0.1 million, primarily reflecting slightly lower average balances and costs of core deposits and higher average balances of borrowings and brokered deposits.

Total Banking and Financial Service Revenues of $32.8 million compared to $26.3 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $32.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared to the third quarter of 2024, the fourth quarter of 2024 included $2.1 million annual insurance commission recognition, $4.8 million favorable MSR valuation, and $0.8 million from the August 2024 acquisition of a Puerto Rico residential mortgage servicing portfolio.

Total Provision for Credit Losses of $30.2 million compared to $21.4 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $19.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. The fourth quarter of 2024 primarily reflected $18.1 million for increased loan volume, $7.6 million for a specific reserve related to four U.S. commercial loans, and $2.6 million recovery from the sale of auto and consumer loans. The fourth quarter of 2024 also included $5.7 million qualitative adjustment to account for uncertainty of recent increasing auto delinquency trends that the model does not fully capture.

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Credit Quality: Net charge-offs (“NCOs”) of $15.9 million (0.82% of average loans) compared to $17.1 million (0.90%) in the third quarter of 2024 and $16.3 million (0.88%) in the fourth quarter of 2023. NCOs benefited from the above-mentioned sale of auto and consumer loans. The fourth quarter of 2024 early and total delinquency rates were 2.95% and 4.38%, respectively. The nonperforming loan rate was 1.06%.

Total Non-Interest Expense of $99.7 million compared to $91.6 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $94.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared to the third quarter of 2024, the fourth quarter of 2024 included $3.4 million in early retirement and business rightsizing, $1.4 million in annual performance incentives assessment, and the absence of $2.3 million credit and debit card processing contract renewal rebate that was recorded in the third quarter of 2024.

Income Tax Expense of $2.4 million compared to $14.8 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $21.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. The fourth quarter of 2024 decreased due to a reduction in the 2024 Effective Tax Rate (“ETR”) for higher than previously forecasted business activities with preferential tax treatment and $2.3 million of discrete benefit in the fourth quarter of 2024. ETR was 21.9% for the year ended 2024 compared to 31.4% for 2023. Excluding discrete items, ETR was 24.0% for the year ended 2024 compared to 32.1% for 2023.

Loans Held for Investment of $7.79 billion compared to $7.75 billion in the third quarter of 2024 and $7.53 billion in the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared to the third quarter of 2024, the fourth quarter of 2024 loans increased 0.5%, reflecting growth in auto, consumer and U.S. commercial loans, and repayments of Puerto Rico commercial and residential mortgage loans. Year over year, loans increased 3.4%.

New Loan Production of $609.0 million compared to $572.2 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $663.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared to the third quarter of 2024, the fourth quarter of 2024 reflected increases in Puerto Rico commercial, auto and residential mortgage lending, partially offset by a decrease in U.S. commercial and Puerto Rico consumer lending.

Total Investments of $2.72 billion compared to $2.61 billion in the third quarter of 2024 and $2.69 billion in the fourth quarter of 2023. The fourth quarter of 2024 primarily reflected purchases of $264 million of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) yielding 5.3%, partially offset by MBS repayments of $103 million.

Customer Deposits of $9.45 billion compared to $9.53 billion in the third quarter of 2024 and $9.60 billion in the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared to the third quarter of 2024, the fourth quarter of 2024 reflected a decline in government deposits and increases in commercial and retail deposits.

Total Borrowings and Brokered Deposits of $557.2 million compared to $346.5 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $363.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Cash and Cash Equivalents of $591.1 million compared to $680.6 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $748.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Share Buybacks: $45.9 million of common shares were acquired in the fourth quarter of 2024, leaving $29.7 million in remaining repurchase authorization as of December 31, 2024.

Capital: CET1 ratio was 14.26% compared to 14.37% in the third quarter of 2024 and 14.12% in the fourth quarter of 2023. The Tangible Common Equity ratio was 10.13% compared to 10.72% in the third quarter of 2024 and 9.68% in the fourth quarter of 2023. Tangible Book Value per share was $25.43 compared to $26.15 in the third quarter of 2024 and $23.13 in the fourth quarter of 2023. Tangible Book Value per share reflected the above-mentioned share buybacks and lower other comprehensive income.

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Selected income statement and balance sheet data and key performance indicators are presented in the tables below:

Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
EARNINGS DATA:(In thousands, except per share data)
Interest income$750,277$648,880$515,573
Interest expense161,83788,01033,493
Net interest income588,440560,870482,080
Provision for credit losses82,25160,63824,119
Net interest income after provision for credit losses506,189500,232457,961
Non-interest income123,249128,381131,690
Non-interest expenses375,690363,365345,546
Income before taxes253,748265,248244,105
Income tax expense55,57883,37677,866
Net income available to common shareholders$198,170$181,872$166,239
PER SHARE DATA:
EPS Basic$4.25$3.85$3.46
EPS Diluted$4.23$3.83$3.44
Average common shares outstanding46,63747,25848,033
Average common shares outstanding and equivalents46,90247,55248,436
Cash dividends declared per common share$1.000.880.70
Cash dividends declared on common shares$46,93141,85333,593
PERFORMANCE RATIOS:
Return on average assets (ROA)1.75%1.79%1.64%
Return on average equity (ROE)15.78%16.37%15.95%
Return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity (non-GAAP, see Table 18)17.17%18.14%17.98%
Efficiency ratio52.94%53.22%56.85%
Interest rate spread5.29%5.71%5.02%
Interest rate margin5.43%5.79%5.05%

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December 31,
202420232022
PERIOD END BALANCES AND CAPITAL RATIOS:(In thousands, except per share data)
Investments and loans
Investment securities$2,720,277$2,686,770$1,971,522
Loans, net7,633,8317,401,6186,723,236
Total investments and loans$10,354,108$10,088,388$8,694,758
Deposits and borrowings
Deposits$9,604,786$9,762,169$8,568,364
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase75,222
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings325,952200,77027,034
Total deposits and borrowings$10,005,960$9,962,939$8,595,398
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock59,88559,88559,885
Additional paid-in capital639,786638,667636,793
Legal surplus169,537150,967133,901
Retained earnings771,993639,324516,371
Treasury stock, at cost(296,991)(228,350)(211,135)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(89,839)(67,013)(93,409)
Total stockholders’ equity$1,254,371$1,193,480$1,042,406
Per share data
Book value per common share$27.60$25.36$21.91
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP, see Table 18)$25.43$23.13$19.56
Market price$42.32$37.48$27.56
Capital ratios
Leverage capital10.93%11.03%10.36%
Common equity Tier 1 capital14.26%14.12%13.64%
Tier 1 risk-based capital14.26%14.12%13.64%
Total risk-based capital15.52%15.37%14.89%
Financial assets managed
Trust assets managed$2,262,446$2,511,880$2,334,672
Broker-dealer assets managed2,246,8842,446,2812,172,116
Total assets managed$4,509,330$4,958,161$4,506,788

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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables show major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, their respective interest income, expenses, yields and costs, and their impact on net interest income due to changes in volume and rates for 2024 and 2023.

TABLE 1A - ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME AND CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME/RATE

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023

InterestAverage rateAverage balance
202420232024202320242023
(Dollars in thousands)
A - TAX EQUIVALENT SPREAD
Interest-earning assets$750,277648,8806.93%6.70%$10,829,907$9,688,019
Tax equivalent adjustment16,74016,0610.15%0.17%
Interest-earning assets - tax equivalent767,017664,9417.08%6.87%10,829,9079,688,019
Interest-bearing liabilities161,83788,0101.64%0.99%9,866,6418,903,725
Tax equivalent net interest income / spread605,180576,9315.44%5.88%963,266784,294
Tax equivalent interest rate margin5.59%6.05%
B - NORMAL SPREAD
Interest-earning assets:
Investments:
Investment securities105,08662,7304.06%3.23%2,591,1011,940,776
Interest bearing cash and money market investments31,58931,4065.16%5.02%611,976626,067
Total investments136,67594,1364.27%3.67%3,203,0772,566,843
Non-PCD loans
Mortgage loans32,98134,4425.67%5.54%581,907621,382
Commercial loans232,884201,2607.89%7.69%2,941,7632,617,240
Consumer loans77,57670,19711.55%11.42%671,859614,902
Auto loans206,289176,1448.53%8.30%2,417,5802,122,997
Total Non-PCD loans549,730482,0438.31%8.07%6,613,1095,976,521
PCD loans
Mortgage loans55,19960,4346.24%6.16%884,621980,564
Commercial loans8,44511,7646.62%7.35%127,509160,001
Consumer loans7710912.09%14.99%637727
Auto loans15139415.87%11.72%9543,363
Total PCD loans63,87272,7016.30%6.35%1,013,7211,144,655
Total loans (1)613,602554,7448.05%7.79%7,626,8307,121,176
Total interest-earning assets$750,277$648,8806.93%6.70%$10,829,907$9,688,019

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InterestAverage rateAverage balance
202420232024202320242023
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
NOW Accounts78,36225,7102.31%1.03%3,399,4762,489,560
Savings accounts18,84317,7270.93%0.80%2,027,7462,214,256
Time deposits46,48225,2252.93%1.92%1,585,4271,315,745
Total core deposits143,68768,6622.04%0.86%7,012,6496,019,561
Brokered deposits2,0652,0204.63%5.16%44,55539,100
145,75270,6822.07%1.17%7,057,2046,058,661
Non-interest bearing deposits%%2,556,5182,590,523
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations4,5285,283%%
Total deposits150,28075,9651.56%0.88%9,613,7228,649,184
Borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase5423,3064.81%5.55%11,27059,541
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings11,0158,7394.56%4.48%241,649195,000
Total borrowings11,55712,0454.57%4.73%252,919254,541
Total interest-bearing liabilities161,83788,0101.64%0.99%9,866,6418,903,725
Net interest income / spread$588,440$560,8705.29%5.71%
Interest rate margin5.43%5.79%
Excess of average interest-earning assets over average interest-bearing liabilities$963,266$784,294
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities ratio109.76%108.81%
(1) Includes loans HFS and excludes ACL. Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.

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C - CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME DUE TO:

VolumeRateTotal
(In thousands)
Interest Income:
Investment securities$22,920$19,436$42,356
Interest-bearing cash and money market investments(738)921183
Loans45,64313,21558,858
Total interest income67,82533,572101,397
Interest Expense:
NOW accounts12,07640,57652,652
Savings accounts(1,579)2,6951,116
Time deposits8,50812,74921,257
Brokered deposits266(221)45
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations(755)(755)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(2,373)(391)(2,764)
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings2,1251512,276
Total interest expense19,02354,80473,827
Net Interest Income$48,802$(21,232)$27,570

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is a function of the difference between rates earned on OFG’s interest-earning assets and rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate spread) and the relative amounts of its interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate margin). OFG constantly monitors the composition and re-pricing of its assets and liabilities to maintain its net interest income at adequate levels.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Net interest income of $588.4 million increased by $27.5 million from $560.9 million. Tax equivalent basis net interest income of $605.2 million increased $28.3 million, or 4.9%, from $576.9 million.

Interest rate spread decreased by 42 basis points to 5.29% from 5.71% and net interest margin decreased 36 basis points to 5.43% from 5.79%. This reflects an increase of 23 and 65 basis points, respectively, in the total average yield of interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

Net interest income was positively impacted by:

•A $58.9 million increase in interest income from loans driven by higher interest income from: (i) commercial loans of $28.3 million, primarily related to the upward repricing of variable rate commercial loans, increased yields on new loans originated during 2024, and higher average balance; (ii) auto loans of $29.9 million reflecting higher originations during 2024; and (iii) consumer loans of $7.3 million mainly due to an increase of $56.9 million in the average balance of this portfolio. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $6.7 million in interest income from mortgage loans due to a reduction of $135.4 million in the average balance of this portfolio, mainly from regular paydowns and the securitization and sale of conforming loans; and

•A $42.4 million increase in interest income from investment securities, primarily due to the acquisition of higher-yield investment securities in 2023 and 2024. Purchases contributed to higher average volume of $650.3 million, which resulted in an increase in interest income of $22.9 million, and higher yield by 83 basis points, which contributed to the increase in net interest income of $19.4 million.

These increases were partially offset by higher interest expense of $73.8 million from interest paid on: (i) deposits of $74.3 million due to higher average cost of total deposits of 68 basis point and (ii) borrowings of $0.5 million reflecting FHLB advances taken in late 2023 and during 2024 and new securities under agreements to repurchase in late 2024.

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TABLE 2 - NON-INTEREST INCOME SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20242023Variance %
(In thousands)
Banking service revenue$66,923$70,078(4.5)%
Wealth management revenue35,62232,9908.0%
Mortgage banking activities18,63618,787(0.8)%
Total banking and financial service revenue121,181121,855(0.6)%
Net loss on sale of securities(7)(1,149)(99.4)%
Other non-interest income2,0757,675(73.0)%
Total non-interest income$123,249$128,381(4.0)%

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income is affected by fees generated from loans and deposit accounts, the amount of assets under management of the Bank’s trust department, transactions generated by clients’ financial assets serviced by OFG’s securities broker-dealer, insurance agency and reinsurance subsidiaries, the level of mortgage banking activities, and gains or losses on sales of assets.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

OFG's non-interest income of $123.2 million decreased by $5.2 million from $128.4 million.

Non-interest income was mainly impacted by the following decreases:

•A $3.2 million decrease in banking service revenues related to: (i) $3.6 million in reduced interchange fees mainly due to the implementation of Durbin Amendment that took effect in July 1, 2024 and (ii) lower fees on deposits of $923 thousand from lower maintenance and overdrawn fees, offset by higher merchant income of $1.2 million resulting from a higher volume of transactions and migration of USVI merchant activity; and

•A $6.3 million gain on the sale of commercial non-performing loans HFS in 2023.

These decreases were offset by:

•A $2.6 million increase in wealth management revenue primarily reflecting: (i) $1.4 million in broker-dealer fees related to higher investment advisory service fees and mutual funds retailer fees, (ii) $813 thousand in insurance income related to higher income from annuities and (iii) an increase in trust fees of $449 thousand due to higher trustee-only fees; and

•A $1.1 million loss associated with the sale of a $149.4 million short-term US treasury note AFS in 2023.

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TABLE 3 - NON-INTEREST EXPENSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20242023Variance %
(In thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits$159,710$155,8272.5%
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs59,12359,235(0.2)%
Electronic banking charges42,81641,3363.6%
Information technology expenses27,58227,1621.5%
Professional and service fees18,87618,7640.6%
Taxes, other than payroll and income taxes13,94912,9687.6%
Insurance11,25210,4947.2%
Loan servicing and clearing expenses7,9357,7742.1%
Advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives9,7148,74311.1%
Communication4,5514,678(2.7)%
Printing, postage, stationery and supplies3,8163,33814.3%
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets expenses, net of (income)3,012(405)843.7%
Other13,35413,451(0.7)%
Total non-interest expenses$375,690$363,3653.4%
Relevant ratios and data:
Efficiency ratio52.94%53.22%
Compensation and benefits to non-interest expense42.51%42.88%
Compensation to average total assets owned1.41%1.53%
Number of employees end of year2,2462,248
Average number of employees2,2352,258
Average compensation per employee (in thousands)$71.45$69.01
Average loans per average employee$3,412$3,154

Non-Interest Expense

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Non-interest expense was $375.7 million, representing an increase of 3.4%, or $12.3 million, compared to $363.4 million. The increase in non-interest expense was mainly due to:

•Increase in compensation and employee benefits of $3.9 million primarily reflecting: (i) $3.4 million in early retirement and business rightsizing and (ii) higher salaries and benefits, including payroll taxes.

•Increase in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets expenses, net of income, of $3.4 million primarily reflecting $2.6 million in lower gain on sale of foreclosed real estate due to lower volume of properties sold and $1.4 million unfavorable valuation adjustments;

•Increase in electronic banking charges of $1.5 million mainly due to debit and credit card expenses;

•Increase in taxes, other than payroll and income taxes, of $981 thousand related to higher municipal taxes recorded during 2024;

•Increase in advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives of $971 thousand due to higher expenses related to digital adoption strategy;

•Increase in insurance expenses of $758 thousand mainly related to higher FDIC deposit insurance assessment as a result of the Bank exceeding $10 billion in assets.

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The efficiency ratio was 52.94%, an improvement from 53.22%. The efficiency ratio measures how much of OFG’s revenues is used to pay operating expenses. OFG computes its efficiency ratio by dividing non-interest expenses by the sum of its net interest income and non-interest income, but excluding gains (losses) on the sale of investment securities, other gains and losses, and other income that may be considered volatile in nature. Management believes that the exclusion of those items permits consistent comparability. Amounts presented as part of non-interest income that were excluded from the efficiency ratio computation for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 amounted to $2.1 million and $6.5 million, respectively.

Provision for Credit Losses

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Provision for credit losses increased $21.7 million to $82.3 million from $60.6 million. The provision for credit losses for 2024 reflected a provision of $60.2 million related to growth in loan balance, $12.6 million from the loss rate model and $13.4 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves, including $8.6 million in the US commercial loan portfolio, which was offset by a $6.0 million release from the economic model. It also included a $5.7 million qualitative adjustment to account for uncertainty of recent increasing auto delinquency trends that the model does not fully capture, net of a $2.7 million reserve release mainly due to an improved U.S. macroeconomic perspective earlier in the year.

The provision for credit losses for 2023 reflected a provision of $42.6 million related to the growth in loan balances, a provision of $13.1 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves, mainly in the US commercial loan portfolio, and $4.8 million associated with qualitative adjustments mostly to the auto loan and US commercial loan portfolios.

Income Tax Expense

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Income tax expense decreased by $27.8 million to $55.6 million from $83.4 million. OFG’s ETR was 21.9% in 2024 compared to 31.4% in 2023. The decrease is mainly related to higher actual and forecasted business activities with preferential tax treatment under the Puerto Rico tax code, coupled with discrete benefits of $5.4 million, mainly related to a return to provision adjustment of $2.3 million, tax credit discount benefits of $1.6 million and $1.2 million from stock compensation vested during 2024.

Business Segments

OFG segregates its businesses into the following segments: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury. Management established the reportable segments based on the internal reporting used to evaluate performance and to assess where to allocate resources. Other factors such as OFG’s organization, nature of its products, distribution channels and economic characteristics of its services were also considered in the determination of the reportable segments. OFG measures the performance of these reportable segments based on net income. OFG’s methodology for allocating expenses for corporate services among segments is based on several factors such as revenue, employee headcount, occupied space, dedicated services or time, among others. Following are the results of operations and the selected financial information by operating segment for 2024 and 2023.

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TABLE 4 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Year Ended December 31, 2024
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotalEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$619,328$26$134,970$754,324$(4,047)$750,277
Interest expense(147,661)(18,223)(165,884)4,047(161,837)
Net interest income471,66726116,747588,440588,440
(Provision for) recapture of credit losses(82,436)185(82,251)(82,251)
Non-interest income, net86,72036,5227123,249123,249
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits(149,194)(9,527)(989)(159,710)(159,710)
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs(37,407)(721)(121)(38,249)(38,249)
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment(20,807)(48)(19)(20,874)(20,874)
Electronic banking charges(42,816)(42,816)(42,816)
Information technology expenses(27,394)(187)(1)(27,582)(27,582)
Professional and service fees(15,804)(2,875)(197)(18,876)(18,876)
Loan servicing and clearing expenses(5,937)(1,455)(543)(7,935)(7,935)
Amortization of other intangible assets(1,385)(1,385)(1,385)
Intersegment expenses3,518(2,121)(1,397)
Other(56,173)(1,720)(370)(58,263)(58,263)
Total non-interest expense(353,399)(18,654)(3,637)(375,690)(375,690)
Income before income taxes$122,552$17,894$113,302$253,748$$253,748
Income tax expense(55,402)(10)(166)(55,578)(55,578)
Net income$67,150$17,884$113,136$198,170$$198,170
Total assets$9,513,074$34,219$3,192,845$12,740,138$(1,239,404)$11,500,734

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Year Ended December 31, 2023
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotalEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$567,809$28$95,477$663,314$(14,434)$648,880
Interest expense(73,480)(28,964)(102,444)14,434(88,010)
Net interest income494,3292866,513560,870560,870
Provision for credit losses(60,255)(383)(60,638)(60,638)
Non-interest income, net97,09932,433(1,151)128,381128,381
Non-interest expenses
Compensation and employee benefits(147,241)(7,627)(959)(155,827)(155,827)
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs(38,251)(484)(112)(38,847)(38,847)
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment(20,315)(50)(23)(20,388)(20,388)
Electronic banking charges(41,336)(41,336)(41,336)
Information technology expenses(26,946)(204)(12)(27,162)(27,162)
Professional and service fees(15,878)(2,646)(240)(18,764)(18,764)
Loan servicing and clearing expenses(5,806)(1,417)(551)(7,774)(7,774)
Amortization of other intangible assets(1,615)(1,615)(1,615)
Intersegment expenses1,641(1,011)(630)
Other(47,100)(2,999)(1,553)(51,652)(51,652)
Total non-interest expense(342,847)(16,438)(4,080)(363,365)(363,365)
Income before income taxes$188,326$16,023$60,899$265,248$$265,248
Income tax expense(83,242)(34)(100)(83,376)(83,376)
Net income$105,084$15,989$60,799$181,872$$181,872
Total assets$9,154,201$38,261$3,304,204$12,496,666$(1,152,213)$11,344,453

Eliminations include interest income and expense for a time deposit opened by the Bank in Oriental Overseas, the IBE unit, which operates within the Bank. The time deposit with a balance of $278.4 million and $300.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to fund Oriental Overseas operations is included in the Treasury Segment with its corresponding interest expense, and the related interest income is included in the Banking Segment, and are eliminated in the consolidation. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. The decrease in interest income and interest expense from the prior year period was mainly as a result of lower interest rate and average balance.

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Comparison of years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Banking

OFG’s banking segment net income before taxes decreased by $65.8 million from $188.3 million to $122.6 million, mainly due to:

•Increase of $74.2 million in interest expense mainly related to higher costs of deposits, reflecting a $1.2 billion deposit from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client received in December 2023 with a variable interest rate;

•Increase of $(22.2) million in provision for credit losses, mainly due to growth in loan balances;

•Increase of $10.6 million in non-interest expenses, mainly due to: (i) $3.4 million increase in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets expenses, net of income, due to unfavorable valuation adjustments and lower gain on sale of foreclosed real estate from decrease in sales volume; (ii) increase in compensation and employee benefits of $2.0 million due to higher salaries and benefits, including payroll taxes and (iii) increase in electronic banking charges of $1.5 million mainly due to debit and credit card expenses;

•Decrease of $10.4 million in interest income related to Oriental Overseas’ time deposit from the Bank to fund its operations, which is eliminated in the consolidation, mainly as a result of lower interest rates and average balance in the current period; and

•Decrease of $10.4 million in non-interest income, mainly from $3.6 million in reduced interchange fees due to the implementation of Durbin Amendment that took effect in July 1, 2024 and a $6.3 million gain on the sale of commercial non-performing loans HFS during 2023.

The decrease in the banking segment’s net income was partially offset by:

•Increase of $58.9 million in interest income from loans, driven by increased yields on higher loan balances.

Wealth Management

Wealth management segment revenue consists of commissions and fees from fiduciary activities, securities brokerage, and insurance and reinsurance activities. Net income before taxes from this segment increased from $16.0 million to $17.9 million, mainly from higher non interest income of $4.1 million, mainly related to higher broker-dealer fees from investment advisory service fees and mutual funds retailer fees, higher insurance income from annuities, and an increase in trustee-only fees, partially offset by higher salaries and employee benefits of $-1.9 million.

Treasury

Treasury segment net income before taxes increased by $52.4 million, mainly reflecting:

•Increase of $39.5 million in interest income, reflecting the purchase of agency mortgage-backed securities and US Treasury securities with higher yields during 2024 and 2023; and

•Decrease of $10.7 million in interest expense, reflecting $10.4 million lower inter-segment borrowings as a result of lower average balances.

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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

Assets Owned

At December 31, 2024, OFG’s total assets amounted to $11.501 billion, an increase of $156.2 million, when compared to $11.344 billion at December 31, 2023.

Cash and due from banks decreased by $159.1 million to $584.5 million, reflecting the effect of loan funding and lower deposit balances.

The investment portfolio increased by $33.5 million or 1.2% primarily driven by $1.326 billion new available-for-sale US Treasury and mortgage-backed securities, and $74.7 million in mortgage loan securitization. These increases were offset by the maturity of $901.7 million in US Treasury securities, principal paydowns of $310.8 million, mainly on mortgage-backed securities, and the sale of $149.4 million of US Treasury securities available-for-sale. OFG’s investment strategy focuses on liquidity and highly liquid securities, considering their investment and the current market environment.

OFG’s loan portfolio is comprised of Puerto Rico residential mortgage loans, consumer loans, auto loans, commercial loans secured by real estate, other commercial and industrial loans, and commercial US loans. At December 31, 2024, OFG’s net loan portfolio increased by $232.2 million or 3.1% reflecting increases in commercial, retail auto and consumer loans, partially offset by regular paydowns and securitization of residential mortgage loans.

Financial Assets Managed

At December 31, 2024, OFG’s financial assets include those managed by OFG’s trust division and its securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries. OFG’s trust division offers various types of individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and manages retirement plans and custodian and corporate trust accounts. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total assets managed by OFG’s trust division amounted to $2.262 billion and $2.512 billion, respectively. OFG’s broker-dealer subsidiary offers a wide array of investment alternatives to its client base, such as tax-advantaged fixed income securities, mutual funds, stocks, bonds and money management wrap-fee programs. At December 31, 2024, total assets managed by the securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries from their customers’ investment accounts amounted to $2.247 billion, compared to $2.446 billion at December 31, 2023. The decrease in trust and broker-dealer related assets reflects the termination of services by a retirement plan customer during 2024.

Goodwill

OFG’s goodwill is not amortized to expense but is tested at least annually for impairment. A quantitative annual impairment test is not required if, based on a qualitative analysis, OFG determines that the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is not impaired. OFG completes its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31 of each year. OFG tests for impairment by first allocating its goodwill and other assets and liabilities, as necessary, to defined reporting units. A fair value is then determined for each reporting unit. If the fair values of the reporting units exceed their book values, no write-down of the recorded goodwill is necessary. If the fair values are less than the book values, an additional valuation procedure is necessary to assess the proper carrying value of the goodwill.

As of both December 31, 2024 and 2023, OFG had $84.2 million of goodwill allocated as follows: $84.1 million to the banking segment and $100 thousand to the wealth management segment. Please refer to “Note 10 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” to our consolidated financial statements for more information on the annual goodwill impairment test.

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TABLE 5 - ASSETS SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20242023
(In thousands)
Investments:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates$2,205,039$1,730,65527.4%
US Treasury securities1,150496,113(99.8)%
GNMA certificates417,985376,29411.1%
Equity securities54,89638,46942.7%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies5,6399,610(41.3)%
Other debt securities35,55035,616(0.2)%
Trading securities181338.5%
Total investments2,720,2772,686,7701.2%
Loans, net7,633,8317,401,6183.1%
Total investments and loans10,354,10810,088,3882.6%
Other assets:
Cash and due from banks584,467743,550(21.4)%
Money market investments6,6704,62344.3%
Foreclosed real estate4,00210,780(62.9)%
Accrued interest receivable71,66771,4000.4%
Deferred tax asset, net6,2484,92326.9%
Premises and equipment, net104,512104,1020.4%
Servicing assets70,43549,52042.2%
Goodwill84,24184,2410.0%
Other intangible assets14,78220,694(28.6)%
Operating lease right-of-use assets19,19721,725(11.6)%
Customers' liability on acceptances31,52625,57623.3%
Other assets148,879114,93129.5%
Total other assets1,146,6261,256,065(8.7)%
Total assets$11,500,734$11,344,4531.4%
Investment portfolio composition:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates81.1%64.4%
US Treasury securities0.0%18.5%
GNMA certificates15.4%14.0%
Equity securities2.0%1.4%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies0.2%0.4%
Other debt securities and trading securities1.3%1.3%
100.0%100.0%

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TABLE 6 - LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20242023
(In thousands)
Loans held for investment:
Commercial loans$3,103,091$3,076,9030.9%
Mortgage loans1,470,8171,562,609(5.9)%
Consumer loans668,561620,4467.8%
Auto loans2,549,4932,274,42112.1%
7,791,9627,534,3793.4%
Allowance for credit losses(175,863)(161,106)9.2%
Total loans held for investment, net7,616,0997,373,2733.3%
Mortgage loans held for sale13,286100.0%
Other loans held for sale4,44628,345(84.3)%
Total loans held for sale17,73228,345(37.4)%
Total loans, net$7,633,831$7,401,6183.1%

OFG’s loan portfolio is composed of commercial, mortgage, consumer, and auto loans. As shown in Table 6 above, total loans, net, amounted to $7.634 billion at December 31, 2024, a 3.1% increase when compared to $7.402 billion at December 31, 2023. The composition and trends of OFG’s loans held-for-investment portfolio were as follows:

•Commercial loan portfolio amounted to $3.103 billion (39.8% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $3.077 billion (40.8% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2023, a 0.9% increase as a result of originations and credit lines usage during 2024. Commercial loans secured by non-owner occupied commercial real estate amounted to $796.9 million and $744.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which represented 10.2% and 9.9% of our total gross loan portfolio held for investment. Commercial US loans amounted to $704.1 million and $755.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which represented 9.0% and 10.0% of our total gross loan portfolio held for investment.

Commercial loan production decreased 19% or $213.0 million to $895.3 million in 2024 from $1.108 billion in 2023, mainly in the commercial US loan portfolio. Commercial US loans activities include the purchase of middle market senior secured cash flow loan participations and the purchase of participations of loans to small and medium sized businesses. Excluding commercial US loans activities, commercial PR loan production slightly decreased 0.7% to $739.6 million in 2024 from $744.7 million in 2023.

•Mortgage loan portfolio amounted to $1.471 billion (18.9% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $1.563 billion (20.7% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2023, a 5.9% decrease resulting from regular paydowns of residential mortgages and securitization of conforming loans into mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage loans included delinquent loans in the GNMA buy-back option program amounting to $48.6 million and $19.4 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. In 2024, OFG acquired the servicing rights to a $1.7 billion mortgage loan portfolio that was being subserviced by the Bank. At the time of acquisition, defaulted loans under the GNMA buy-back option program corresponding to this servicing portfolio amounted to $24.2 million. Under the GNMA program, issuers such as OFG have the option but not the obligation to repurchase loans that are 90 days or more past due. For accounting purposes, these loans subject to the repurchase option are required to be reflected (rebooked) on our financial statements with an offsetting liability.

Mortgage loan production totaled $150.3 million in 2024, which represents an increase of 13.1% from $133.0 million in 2023.

OFG follows a conservative residential mortgage lending policy with more than 90% of its residential mortgage portfolio consisting of fixed-rate, fully amortizing, fully documented loans that do not have the level of risk associated with subprime loans offered by certain major US mortgage loan originators. Furthermore, OFG has never been active in negative amortization loans or offered adjustable-rate mortgage loans with teaser rates.

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•Consumer loan portfolio amounted to $668.6 million (8.6% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $620.4 million (8.2% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2023. Consumer loan production decreased by 3% or $9.1 million to $304.5 million in 2024 from $313.6 million in 2023.

•Auto loans portfolio amounted to $2.549 billion (32.7% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $2.274 billion (30.3% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2023. Auto loans production increased by 4% or $37.1 million to $956.8 million in 2024 from $919.7 million in 2023.

The following table presents the loans held for investment portfolio as of December 31, 2024 by maturities and interest rates:

TABLE 7 - MATURITY DISTRIBUTION OF LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
Balance Outstanding at December 31, 2024Maturities
One Year or LessAfter One to Five YearsAfter Five Years To 15 YearsAfter 15 Years
Fixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest Rates
(In thousands)
Non-PCD
Mortgage loans$628,851$15,077$10,535$137$218,471$1,063$373,029$10,539
Commercial loans3,014,364806,164825,270850,505386,08682,59544,67119,073
Consumer loans667,96359,666322,736252,28133,280
Auto loans2,549,03355,2581,191,6881,302,087
Total$6,860,211$936,165$2,350,229$850,642$2,158,925$83,658$450,980$29,612
PCD
Mortgage loans$841,966$589$12,201$176$461,507$400$355,372$11,721
Commercial loans88,72739,76437,1768419199,94978
Consumer loans598353245
Auto loans4602979469
Total$931,751$41,003$49,471$1,017$462,495$10,349$355,695$11,721
Total loans$7,791,962$977,168$2,399,700$851,659$2,621,420$94,007$806,675$41,333

The following table includes the maturities of OFG’s lending exposure to the Puerto Rico government amounting to $66.4 million, which is limited solely to loans to municipalities secured by ad valorem property taxes, without limitation as to rate or amount, on all taxable property within the issuing municipalities. The good faith, credit and unlimited taxing power of each issuing municipality are pledged for the payment of its general obligations. Deposits from the Puerto Rico government totaled $1.445 billion at December 31, 2024.

TABLE 8 - PUERTO RICO GOVERNMENT RELATED LOANS

December 31, 2024
Maturity
Carrying ValueLess than 1 Year1 to 3 YearsMore than 3 Years
Loans:(In thousands)
Municipalities$66,439$950$11,246$54,243

At December 31, 2024, OFG has $66.4 million of direct credit exposure to the Puerto Rico government, a $2.1 million decrease from $68.6 million at December 31, 2023.

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Allowance for Credit Losses

OFG measures its ACL based on management’s best estimate of expected credit losses inherent in OFG’s relevant financial assets. Tables 9 through 12 set forth an analysis of activity in the ACL and present selected credit loss statistics for and as of 2024 and 2023. In addition, Table 6 sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio.

Please refer to the “Provision for Credit Losses” and “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” sections in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this annual report on Form 10-K and “Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a more detailed analysis of provisions and ACL.

Non-performing Assets

OFG’s non-performing assets include non-performing loans, foreclosed real estate, and other repossessed assets (see Tables 13 and 15). At December 31, 2024, OFG had $78.0 million of non-accrual loans held for investment, including $2.9 million PCD loans, compared to $79.4 million at December 31, 2023, reflecting decreases of $2.3 million and $1.0 million in mortgage and commercial loan portfolios, respectively (see Table 14). As of December 31, 2023, total non-accrual loans excluded $6.4 million of past due commercial loans held-for-sale, these loans were sold in 2024. There were no past due or non-accrual commercial loans held-for-sale as of December 31, 2024.

On January 1, 2023, OFG adopted ASU 2022-02 related to the elimination of the recognition and measurement of Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) and the enhancement of disclosures for loan restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, or financial difficulties modifications (“FDMs”), using the prospective transition method. Loans that were restructured in a TDR prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 will continue to be accounted for under the historical TDR accounting until the relevant loans are paid off, liquidated or subsequently modified.

Delinquent residential mortgage loans insured or guaranteed under applicable FHA and VA programs are classified as non-performing loans when they become 90 days or more past due but are not placed in non-accrual status until they become 12 months or more past due, since they are insured loans. Therefore, those loans are included as non-performing loans but excluded from non-accrual loans. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the outstanding balance of these residential mortgage loans was $5.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2024, OFG’s non-performing assets decreased by 6.4% to $93.6 million (0.81% total assets) from $100.0 million (0.88% of total assets) at December 31, 2023, mainly from non-performing loans and foreclosed real estate.

Foreclosed real estate decreased from $10.8 million at December 31, 2023 to $4.0 million at December 31, 2024 and other repossessed assets increased from $4.0 million at December 31, 2023 to $6.6 million at December 31, 2024, both recorded at fair value. OFG does not expect non-performing loans to result in significantly higher losses. At December 31, 2024, the allowance coverage ratio to non-performing loans was 211.9% (189.1% at December 31, 2023).

Upon adoption of the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology, OFG elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. As such, for PCD loans the determination of non-accrual or accrual status is made at the pool level, not the individual loan level. The ACL was determined for each pool and added to the pool’s carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the non-credit premium or discount which is amortized as interest income over the remaining life of the pool. On a quarterly basis, management monitors the composition and behavior of the pools to assess the ability for cash flow estimation and timing. If based on the analysis performed the pool is classified as non-accrual, the accretion/amortization of the non-credit (discount) premium ceases.

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The following items comprise non-performing loans held for investment, including non-PCD and PCDs:

Commercial loans - At December 31, 2024, OFG’s non-performing commercial loans amounted to $41.6 million (50.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 2.3% decrease from $42.5 million at December 31, 2023 (49.9% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD commercial loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the underlying collateral, if any.

Mortgage loans - At December 31, 2024, OFG’s non-performing mortgage loans totaled $17.2 million (20.7% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 15.3% decrease from $20.3 million (23.8% of OFG’s non-performing loans) at December 31, 2023. Non-PCD mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written-down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the collateral underlying the loan, except for FHA and VA insured mortgage loans which are placed in non-accrual when they become 12 months or more past due.

Consumer loans - At December 31, 2024, OFG’s non-performing consumer loans amounted to $4.2 million (5.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 24.6% increase from $3.4 million at December 31, 2023 (4.0% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD consumer loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due and written-off when payments are delinquent 120 days in personal loans and 180 days in credit cards and personal lines of credit.

Auto loans - At December 31, 2024, OFG’s non-performing auto loans amounted to $20.1 million (24.1% of OFG’s total non-performing loans), an increase of 5.2% from $19.1 million at December 31, 2023 (22.3% of OFG’s total non-performing loans). Non-PCD auto loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due, partially written-off to collateral value when payments are delinquent 120 days and fully written-off when payments are delinquent 180 days.

OFG has two mortgage loan modification programs. These are the Loss Mitigation Program and the Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program. Both programs are intended to help responsible homeowners to remain in their homes and avoid foreclosure, while also reducing OFG’s losses on non-performing mortgage loans.

The Loss Mitigation Program helps mortgage borrowers who are or will become financially unable to meet the current or scheduled mortgage payments. Loans that qualify under this program are those guaranteed by FHA, VA, USDA Rural Development (RURAL), Puerto Rico Housing Finance Authority (PRHFA), conventional loans guaranteed by Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (MGIC), conventional loans sold to FNMA and FHLMC, and conventional loans retained by OFG. The program offers diversified alternatives such as regular or reduced payment plans, payment moratorium, mortgage loan modification, partial claims (only FHA), short sale, and deed in lieu of foreclosure. The Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program is for non-conforming mortgages, including balloon payment, interest-only/interest first, variable interest rate, adjustable interest rate and other qualified loans. Non-conforming mortgage loan portfolios are segregated into the following categories: performing loans that meet secondary market requirement and are refinanced under the credit underwriting guidelines of FHA/VA/FNMA/ FHLMC and performing loans not meeting secondary market guidelines processed pursuant OFG’s current credit and underwriting guidelines. OFG achieved an affordable and sustainable monthly payment by taking specific, sequential, and necessary steps such as reducing the interest rate, extending the loan term, capitalizing arrearages, deferring the payment of principal or, if the borrower qualifies, refinancing the loan.

In order to apply for any of our loan modification programs, if the borrower is active in Chapter 13 bankruptcy, it must request an authorization from the bankruptcy trustee to allow the loan modification. Borrowers with discharged Chapter 7 bankruptcies may also apply. Loans in these programs are evaluated by designated credit underwriters for financial difficulty modification if OFG grants a concession for legal or economic reasons due to the debtor’s financial difficulties.

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TABLE 9 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES BREAKDOWN

December 31,Variance %
20242023
(In thousands)
ACL:
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$44,814$44,0411.8%
Mortgage loans6,3957,998(20.0)%
Consumer loans31,81827,08617.5%
Auto loans87,68273,48519.3%
Total ACL$170,709$152,61011.9%
PCD
Commercial loans$622$1,113(44.1)%
Mortgage loans4,5147,351(38.6)%
Consumer loans11757.1%
Auto loans725(72.0)%
Total ACL$5,154$8,496(39.3)%
ACL summary
Commercial loans$45,436$45,1540.6%
Mortgage loans10,90915,349(28.9)%
Consumer loans31,82927,09317.5%
Auto loans87,68973,51019.3%
Total ACL$175,863$161,1069.2%
ACL composition:
Commercial loans25.8%28.0%
Mortgage loans6.2%9.5%
Consumer loans18.1%16.8%
Auto loans49.9%45.7%
100.0%100.0%
ACL coverage ratio at end of year:
Commercial loans1.46%1.47%(0.7)%
Mortgage loans0.74%0.98%(24.5)%
Consumer loans4.76%4.37%8.9%
Auto loans3.44%3.23%6.5%
2.26%2.14%5.6%
ACL coverage ratio to non-performing loans:
Commercial loans109.3%106.2%2.9%
Mortgage loans63.5%75.8%(16.2)%
Consumer loans756.6%802.5%(5.7)%
Auto loans437.2%385.8%13.3%
211.9%189.1%12.1%

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TABLE 10 - ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

December 31,
20242023
Amount of ACLPercent of loans in each category of total loans [1]Amount of ACLPercent of loans in each category of total loans [1]
(In thousands)(In thousands)
Commercial loans$45,43639.8%$45,15440.8%
Mortgage loans10,90918.9%15,34920.7%
Consumer loans31,8298.6%27,0938.2%
Auto loans87,68932.7%73,51030.3%
Total$175,863100.0%$161,106100.0%
[1] Total loans in this table refers to total loans held for investment.

TABLE 11 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20242023Variance %
(In thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$161,106$152,6735.5%
Provision for credit losses82,54760,27736.9%
Charge-offs(104,430)(86,271)21.0%
Recoveries36,64034,4276.4%
Balance at end of year$175,863$161,1069.2%

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TABLE 12 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOANS

Year Ended December 31,
20242023Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-PCD:
Mortgage loans
Charge-offs$(126)$(759)(83.4)%
Recoveries1,0691,217(12.2)%
Total943458105.9%
Commercial PR
Charge-offs(4,579)(3,678)24.5%
Recoveries1,999833140.0%
Total(2,580)(2,845)(9.3)%
Commercial US
Charge-offs(3,638)(10,513)(65.4)%
Recoveries694168.3%
Total(3,569)(10,472)(65.9)%
Consumer loans
Charge-offs(33,266)(23,655)40.6%
Recoveries4,1664,175(0.2)%
Total(29,100)(19,480)49.4%
Auto loans
Charge-offs(61,651)(43,764)40.9%
Recoveries26,33425,1074.9%
Total(35,317)(18,657)89.3%
PCD:
Mortgage loans
Charge-offs$(178)$(317)(43.8)%
Recoveries1,32669890.0%
Total1,148381201.3%
Commercial PR
Charge-offs(967)(2,794)(65.4)%
Recoveries1,4111,618(12.8)%
Total444(1,176)(137.8)%
Consumer loans
Charge-offs(621)(100.0)%
Recoveries6296(35.4)%
Total62(525)(111.8)%
Auto loans
Charge-offs(25)(170)(85.3)%
Recoveries204642(68.2)%
Total179472(62.1)%
Total charge-offs(104,430)(86,271)21.0%
Total recoveries36,64034,4276.4%
Net credit losses$(67,790)$(51,844)30.8%

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TABLE 12 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOANS (CONTINUED)

Year Ended December 31,
20242023Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Net credit losses (recoveries) to average loans outstanding:
Mortgage loans(0.14)%(0.05)%180.0%
Commercial PR0.09%0.19%(52.6)%
Commercial US0.51%1.54%(66.9)%
Consumer loans4.32%3.25%32.9%
Auto loans1.45%0.86%68.6%
Total0.89%0.73%21.9%
Recoveries to charge-offs35.09%39.91%(12.1)%
Average Loans Held for Investment
Mortgage loans$1,466,528$1,601,946(8.5)%
Commercial PR2,364,2632,095,26212.8%
Commercial US705,009681,9793.4%
Consumer loans672,496615,6299.2%
Auto loans2,418,5342,126,36013.7%
Total$7,626,830$7,121,1767.1%

Net charge-offs in 2024 amounted to $67.8 million (0.89% of average loans), increasing by $15.9 million, when compared to $51.8 million (0.73% of average loans) in 2023.

Net charge-offs variances were as follows:

•Residential mortgage loans net recoveries in 2024 amounted to $2.1 million, increasing by $1.3 million when compared to net recoveries of $839 thousand in 2023.

•Commercial loans net charge-offs in 2024 amounted $5.7 million, decreasing by $8.8 million, when compared to $14.5 million in 2023. The charge-offs in 2024 included $3.5 million from previously and fully-reserved nonperforming paycheck protection program (“PPP”) loans. The charge-offs in 2023 included $10.5 million charge-offs recognized on three US commercial loan relationships and $906 thousand charge-offs for a small portfolio of non-performing small business commercial loans that were sold during the period.

•Consumer loans net charge-offs in 2024 amounted $29.0 million increasing by $9.0 million when compared to $20.0 million in 2023. The increase in net charge-offs in 2024 was mainly driven by an increase in business volume, partially offset by a recovery of $1.8 million from the sale of older, previously fully charged-off consumer loans.

•Auto loans net charge-offs in 2024 amounted to $35.1 million, increasing by $17.0 million, when compared to $18.2 million in 2023, reflecting post-pandemic credit normalization. The increase in net charge-offs in 2024 was also impacted by an increase in business volume, partially offset by a recovery of $800 thousand from the sale of older, previously fully charged-off auto loans.

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TABLE 13 — NON-PERFORMING ASSETS

December 31,Variance %
20242023
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing assets:
Non-PCD
Non-accruing loans$75,098$72,7253.3%
Accruing loans5,0055,810(13.9)%
Total$80,103$78,5352.0%
PCD2,8806,674(56.8)%
Total non-performing loans$82,983$85,209(2.6)%
Foreclosed real estate4,00210,780(62.9)%
Other repossessed assets6,5954,03263.6%
$93,580$100,021(6.4)%
Non-performing assets to total assets0.81%0.88%(7.7)%
Non-performing assets to total capital7.46%8.38%(11.0)%

TABLE 14 — NON-ACCRUAL LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20242023
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$38,913$36,0967.8%
Mortgage loans11,92314,197(16.0)%
Consumer loans4,2073,37624.6%
Auto loans20,05519,0565.2%
Total$75,098$72,7253.3%
PCD
Commercial loans$2,641$6,424(58.9)%
Mortgage loans239250(4.4)%
Total$2,880$6,674(56.8)%
Total non-accrual loans$77,978$79,399(1.8)%
Non-accruals loans composition percentages:
Commercial loans53.3%53.6%
Mortgage loans15.6%18.2%
Consumer loans5.4%4.3%
Auto loans25.7%23.9%
100.0%100.0%
Non-accrual loans ratios:
Non-accrual loans to total loans1.00%1.05%(4.8)%
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans225.53%202.91%11.1%
Year Ended December 31,
20242023
(In thousands)
Interest that would have been recorded in the year if the loans had not been classified as non-accruing loans$1,220$941

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TABLE 15 - NON-PERFORMING LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20242023
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$38,913$36,0967.8%
Mortgage loans16,92820,007(15.4)%
Consumer loans4,2073,37624.6%
Auto loans20,05519,0565.2%
Total$80,103$78,5352.0%
PCD
Commercial loans$2,641$6,424(58.9)%
Mortgage loans239250(4.4)%
Total$2,880$6,674(56.8)%
Total non-performing loans$82,983$85,209(2.6)%
Non-performing loans composition percentages:
Commercial loans50.1%49.9%
Mortgage loans20.7%23.8%
Consumer loans5.1%4.0%
Auto loans24.1%22.3%
100.0%100.0%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans held for investment gross1.06%1.13%(6.2)%
Total assets0.72%0.75%(4.0)%
Total capital6.62%7.14%(7.3)%
Non-performing loans with partial charge-offs to:
Total loans held for investment gross0.20%0.29%(31.0)%
Non-performing loans18.41%25.63%(28.2)%
Other non-performing loans ratios:
Charge-off rate on non-performing loans to non-performing loans on which charge-offs have been taken109.79%75.14%46.1%
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans on which no charge-offs have been taken259.75%254.24%2.2%

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TABLE 16 - LIABILITIES SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20242023
(Dollars in thousands)
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing deposits$2,493,859$2,537,431(1.7)%
NOW accounts3,133,4673,512,887(10.8)%
Savings accounts2,064,9092,088,091(1.1)%
Time deposits1,909,3241,620,68817.8%
Total deposits9,601,5599,759,097(1.6)%
Accrued interest payable3,2273,0725.0%
Total deposits and accrued interest payable9,604,7869,762,169(1.6)%
Borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase75,222100.0%
Advances from FHLB325,952200,76862.4%
Other borrowings2(100.0)%
Total borrowings401,174200,77099.80%
Total deposits and borrowings10,005,9609,962,9390.4%
Other Liabilities:
Acceptances executed and outstanding31,52625,57623.3%
Lease liability21,38824,029(11.0)%
Deferred tax liability, net40,71822,44481.4%
Accrued expenses and other liabilities146,771115,98526.5%
Total liabilities$10,246,363$10,150,9730.9%
Deposits portfolio composition percentages:
Non-interest-bearing deposits26.0%26.0%
NOW accounts32.6%36.0%
Savings accounts21.5%21.4%
Time deposits19.9%16.6%
100.0%100.0%
Borrowings portfolio composition percentages:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase18.8%0.0%
Advances from FHLB81.2%100.0%
100.0%100.0%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (excluding accrued interest)
Amount outstanding at year-end$75,000$
Daily average outstanding balance$75,000$
Maximum outstanding balance at any month-end$75,000$

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Liabilities and Funding Sources

As shown in Table 16 above, at December 31, 2024, OFG’s total liabilities were $10.246 billion, 0.9% higher than the $10.151 billion reported at December 31, 2023. Deposits and borrowings, OFG’s funding sources, amounted to $10.006 billion at December 31, 2024 compared to $9.963 billion at December 31, 2023. Deposits, excluding accrued interest payable, decreased by $157.5 million or 1.6% reflecting a decrease in demand deposits of $423.0 million, brokered deposits of $6.1 million and savings and money market accounts of $23.2 million, offset by an increase in time deposits of $294.9 million. Excluding public fund deposits, commercial deposits increased by $75.2 million and retail deposits decreased by $55.5 million.

In December 2023, OFG received a $1.2 billion deposit in an interest-bearing checking account from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client who had an inflow of liquidity. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, total public fund deposits from various Puerto Rico government municipalities, agencies and corporations amounted to $1.445 billion and $1.618 billion, respectively. These public funds were collateralized with securities and commercial loans amounting to $1.507 billion and $1.645 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, borrowings consist of short and long term FHLB advances amounting to $326.0 million and securities sold under agreements to repurchase amounting to $75.2 million. Borrowings increased by $200.4 million or 99.8% from December 31, 2023, reflecting new FHLB advances taken and new securities sold under agreements to repurchase in 2024 as part of OFG’s asset liability management strategies.

Stockholders’ Equity

At December 31, 2024, OFG’s total stockholders’ equity was $1.254 billion, a 5.1% increase when compared to $1.193 billion at December 31, 2023. This increase reflects an increase in retained earnings of $132.7 million and legal surplus of $18.6 million, mainly due to $198.2 million in net income, partially offset by $46.9 million in common stock dividends. These variances were partially offset by $68.6 million from higher treasury stock as a result of repurchases of common stock in the aggregate amount of $70.3 million in 2024 in connection with the two $50 million stock buy back programs announced during 2024, and a higher accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, of $22.8 million from unfavorable market value adjustments in AFS, mainly MBS, due to volatile financial markets and uncertainty in economic and political environment.

Regulatory Capital

OFG and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements established by the FRB and the FDIC. The current risk-based capital standards applicable to OFG and the Bank (“Basel III capital rules”) are based on the final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards, known as Basel III, of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. As of December 31, 2024, the capital ratios of OFG and the Bank continue to exceed the minimum requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Basel III capital rules.

On January 1, 2020, OFG implemented CECL using the modified retrospective approach, with an impact to capital of $25.5 million, net of its corresponding deferred tax effect. On March 27, 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, U.S. banking regulators issued an interim final rule that OFG adopted to delay for two years the initial adoption impact of CECL on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of the capital benefit provided during 2020 and 2021 (i.e., a five-year transition period). During the two-year delay, OFG added back to common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) capital 100% of the initial adoption impact of CECL plus 25% of the cumulative quarterly changes in the ACL (i.e., quarterly transitional amounts). After two years, starting on January 1, 2022, the quarterly transitional amounts along with the initial adoption impact of CECL are being phased out of CET1 capital over a three-year period.

The risk-based capital ratios presented in Table 17 include CET1, tier 1 capital, total capital and leverage capital as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and are calculated based on the Basel III capital rules related to the measurement of capital, risk-weighted assets and average assets.

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The following are OFG’s consolidated capital, dividends, and stock data, including capital ratios under the Basel III capital rules at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

TABLE 17 — CAPITAL, DIVIDENDS AND STOCK DATA

December 31,Variance
20242023%
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Capital data:
Stockholders’ equity$1,254,371$1,193,4805.1%
Regulatory Capital Ratios data:
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio14.26%14.12%1.0%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio required4.50%4.50%%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$1,256,9061,174,2057.0%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital required$396,559374,3015.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$220,311207,9455.9%
Excess over regulatory requirement$640,036591,9598.1%
Risk-weighted assets$8,812,4228,317,8025.9%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio14.26%14.12%1.0%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio required6.00%6.00%%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$1,256,906$1,174,2057.0%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital required$528,745$499,0685.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$220,311207,9455.9%
Excess over regulatory requirement$507,850$467,1928.7%
Risk-weighted assets$8,812,422$8,317,8025.9%
Total risk-based capital ratio15.52%15.37%1.0%
Minimum total risk-based capital ratio required8.00%8.00%%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,367,692$1,278,5377.0%
Minimum total risk-based capital required$704,994$665,4245.9%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$220,311207,9455.9%
Excess over regulatory requirement$442,387$405,1689.2%
Risk-weighted assets$8,812,422$8,317,8025.9%
Leverage capital ratio10.93%11.03%(0.9)%
Minimum leverage capital ratio required4.00%4.00%%
Actual tier 1 capital$1,256,906$1,174,2057.0%
Minimum tier 1 capital required$460,138$425,9118.0%
Excess over regulatory requirement$796,768$748,2946.5%
Total equity to total assets10.91%10.52%3.7%
Total equity to risk-weighted assets14.23%14.35%(0.8)%
Stock data:
Outstanding common shares45,440,26947,065,156(3.5)%
Book value per common share$27.60$25.368.8%
Tangible book value per common share$25.43$23.139.9%
Market price at end of year$42.32$37.4812.9%
Market capitalization at end of year$1,923,032$1,764,0029.0%

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The following table presents OFG’s capital adequacy information under the Basel III capital rules:

December 31,Variance
20242023%
(Dollars in thousands)
Risk-based capital:
Common equity tier 1 capital$1,256,906$1,174,2057.0%
Tier 1 capital1,256,9061,174,2057.0%
Additional Tier 2 capital110,786104,3326.2%
Total risk-based capital$1,367,692$1,278,5377.0%
Risk-weighted assets:
Balance sheet items$8,215,743$7,768,8285.8%
Off-balance sheet items596,679548,9748.7%
Total risk-weighted assets$8,812,422$8,317,8025.9%
Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 7%)14.26%14.12%1.0%
Tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 8.5%)14.26%14.12%1.0%
Total capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 10.5%)15.52%15.37%1.0%
Leverage ratio (minimum required - 4%)10.93%11.03%(0.9)%

From December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024, leverage capital ratio decreased from 11.03% to 10.93%, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and common equity tier 1 capital ratio increased from 14.12% to 14.26%, and total risk-based capital ratio increased from 15.37% to 15.52%. The increases in regulatory capital ratios reflected an increase in retained earnings from net income, net of dividends, CECL transition and stock repurchases, partially offset by an increase in risk-weighted assets of $494.6 million. Risk-weighted assets increased mainly due to an increase in loans, servicing assets, and other assets.

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The Bank is considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The table below shows the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31,Variance
20242023%
(Dollars in thousands)
Oriental Bank Regulatory Capital Ratios:
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.60%13.01%4.5%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$1,191,547$1,075,48710.8%
Minimum capital requirement (4.5%)$394,192$371,9136.0%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$218,995$206,6186.0%
Minimum to be well capitalized (6.5%)$569,388$537,2086.0%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.60%13.01%4.5%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$1,191,547$1,075,48710.8%
Minimum capital requirement (6%)$525,589$495,8846.0%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$218,995$206,6186.0%
Minimum to be well capitalized (8%)$700,786$661,1796.0%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets14.86%14.27%4.1%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,301,684$1,179,16410.4%
Minimum capital requirement (8%)$700,786$661,1796.0%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$218,995$206,6186.0%
Minimum to be well capitalized (10%)$875,982$826,4746.0%
Total Tier 1 Capital to Average Total Assets10.45%10.20%2.5%
Actual tier 1 capital$1,191,547$1,075,48710.8%
Minimum capital requirement (4%)$456,144$421,6608.2%
Minimum to be well capitalized (5%)$570,179$527,0758.2%

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OFG’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “OFG”. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, OFG’s market capitalization for its outstanding common stock was $1.923 billion ($42.32 per share) and $1.764 billion ($37.48 per share), respectively. The following table provides the high and low prices and dividends per share of OFG’s common stock for each quarter of the last three calendar years:

Cash
PriceDividend
HighLowPer share
2024
December 31, 2024$46.72$38.97$0.25
September 30, 2024$46.84$36.77$0.25
June 30, 2024$38.16$33.37$0.25
March 31, 2024$38.51$34.78$0.25
2023
December 31, 2023$38.29$28.67$0.22
September 30, 2023$33.82$26.14$0.22
June 30, 2023$27.80$22.80$0.22
March 31, 2023$30.42$24.37$0.22
2022
December 31, 2022$28.90$25.50$0.20
September 30, 2022$29.45$24.66$0.20
June 30, 2022$29.22$25.40$0.15
March 31, 2022$30.54$26.21$0.15

In January 2024, the Board of Directors approved a $50.0 million stock repurchase program. The new open-ended stock repurchase program replaced the prior stock repurchase program, which had been approved by the Board of Directors in January 2022 and had $17.2 million remaining of its $100.0 million repurchase parameters. In October 2024, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved a new $50.0 million stock repurchase program, in addition to the stock repurchase program approved in January 2024. The shares of common stock repurchased are held by OFG as treasury shares. OFG records treasury stock purchases under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock.

OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase programs.

At December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining number of shares that may be purchased under the $50.0 million programs is 701,236 and was calculated by dividing the remaining balance of $29.7 million by $42.32 (closing price of OFG’s common stock at December 31, 2024).

December 31,Variance
20242023%
(Dollars in thousands)
Common dividend data:
Cash dividends declared$46,931$41,85312.1%
Cash dividends declared per share$1.00$0.8813.6%
Payout ratio23.64%22.98%2.9%
Dividend yield2.36%2.35%0.4%

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Non-GAAP financial measures

The following table presents a reconciliation of OFG’s total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023:

TABLE 18 — RECONCILIATION OF TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY AND TANGIBLE ASSETS

December 31,
20242023
(In thousands, except share or per share information)
Total stockholders’ equity$1,254,371$1,193,480
Goodwill(84,241)(84,241)
Other intangible assets(14,782)(20,694)
Total tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$1,155,348$1,088,545
Total assets$11,500,73411,344,453
Goodwill(84,241)(84,241)
Core deposit intangible(11,320)(15,848)
Customer relationship intangible(3,462)(4,846)
Total tangible assets (non-GAAP)$11,401,711$11,239,518
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)10.13%9.68%
Common shares outstanding at end of year45,440,26947,065,156
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP)$25.43$23.13
Year-to-date average
20242023
(In thousands)
Total stockholders’ equity$1,255,872$1,110,919
Average intangible assets(101,764)(108,200)
Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$1,154,108$1,002,719
Average return on tangible common equity (Non-GAAP)17.17%18.14%

The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share are non-GAAP measures and, unlike tier 1 capital and common equity tier 1 capital, are not codified in the federal banking regulations. Management and many stock analysts use the tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations. Neither tangible common equity nor tangible assets or related measures should be considered in isolation or as a substitute for stockholders’ equity, total assets or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which OFG calculates its tangible common equity, tangible assets and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.

Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. To mitigate these limitations, OFG has procedures in place to calculate these measures using the appropriate GAAP or regulatory components. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.

Tangible common equity to tangible total assets increased from 9.68% to 10.13%, reflecting an increase in retained earnings from net income, net of dividends and stock repurchases.

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OFG’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “OFG”. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, OFG’s market capitalization for its outstanding common stock was $1.923 billion ($42.32 per share) and $1.764 billion ($37.48 per share), respectively. The following table provides the high and low prices and dividends per share of OFG’s common stock for each quarter of the last three calendar years:

Cash
PriceDividend
HighLowPer share
2024
December 31, 2024$46.72$38.97$0.25
September 30, 2024$46.84$36.77$0.25
June 30, 2024$38.16$33.37$0.25
March 31, 2024$38.51$34.78$0.25
2023
December 31, 2023$38.29$28.67$0.22
September 30, 2023$33.82$26.14$0.22
June 30, 2023$27.80$22.80$0.22
March 31, 2023$30.42$24.37$0.22
2022
December 31, 2022$28.90$25.50$0.20
September 30, 2022$29.45$24.66$0.20
June 30, 2022$29.22$25.40$0.15
March 31, 2022$30.54$26.21$0.15

In January 2024, the Board of Directors approved a $50.0 million stock repurchase program. The new open-ended stock repurchase program replaced the prior stock repurchase program, which had been approved by the Board of Directors in January 2022 and had $17.2 million remaining of its $100.0 million repurchase parameters. In October 2024, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved a new $50.0 million stock repurchase program, in addition to the stock repurchase program approved in January 2024. The shares of common stock repurchased are held by OFG as treasury shares. OFG records treasury stock purchases under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock.

OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase programs.

At December 31, 2024, the estimated remaining number of shares that may be purchased under the $50.0 million programs is 701,236 and was calculated by dividing the remaining balance of $29.7 million by $42.32 (closing price of OFG’s common stock at December 31, 2024).

FY 2023 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001030469-24-000007.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2024-02-26. Report date: 2023-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Note about Forward-Looking Statements,” Part I, Item 1 “Business,” Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K. We have omitted discussion of 2021 results where it would be redundant to the discussion previously included in Item 7 of our 2022 annual report on Form 10-K. For our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, see Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2022 annual report on Form 10-K.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Capital Actions

2023 Capital Actions

In January 2023, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.22 per common share from $0.20 per share, beginning in the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

At December 31, 2023, OFG had repurchased 3.1 million shares of common stock for $82.8 million of the $100 million stock repurchase program authorized in January 2022. During 2023, OFG repurchased 743,699 shares for a total of $18.7 million at an average price of $25.08 per share.

Announcement of Forthcoming 2024 Capital Actions

In January 2024, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.25 per common share from $0.22 per share, beginning in the quarter ending March 31, 2024. The Board of Directors also approved a new $50.0 million stock repurchase program. The new stock repurchase program, which is open-ended, replaces the prior stock repurchase program, which had had been approved by the Board of Directors in January 2022 and had $17.2 million remaining of its $100 million repurchase parameters.

Local Economic Conditions

We believe that Puerto Rico’s economy continues to demonstrate resiliency and growth and its private sector is expanding. The Puerto Rico Economic Activity Index, as published by the Economic Development Bank for Puerto Rico, in November 2023 increased 5.9% year-over-year and retail sales in November increased 7.4% year-over-year and, according to the data published by Economic Development Bank for Puerto Rico, wages are also rising and labor participation is increasing. Total non-farm payroll employment in November 2023 improved 2.6% year-over-year and total employment rose 2.5% from July 2022 to December 2023. The inflow of federal stimulus and reconstruction funds for rebuilding infrastructure has continued. Nevertheless, OFG continues to pay attention to the potential impact of interest rate changes, inflation, and a possible U.S. mainland recession, all of which could impact our business and results of operations.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The accounting and reporting policies followed by OFG conform with GAAP and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management's historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these judgments, assumptions and estimates. The following critical accounting estimate involves significant estimation uncertainty that has or is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. A discussion of OFG’s significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting estimate described below, can be found in “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with this section.

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Allowance for Credit Losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment

The most critical and complex accounting estimate is associated with the determination of the ACL. The provision for credit losses charged to current operations is based on this determination. The ACL represents management’s best estimate deemed appropriate to provide current expected future credit losses in the portfolio as of the date of the reporting period.

OFG’s management evaluates the adequacy of the ACL on a quarterly basis following a systematic methodology in order to provide for inherent risks in the loan portfolio. In developing its assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, OFG must rely on estimates and exercise judgment regarding matters where the ultimate outcome is unknown, such as economic developments affecting specific customers, industries or markets. Other factors that can affect management’s estimates are the key drivers used for each macroeconomic scenario, the macroeconomic scenarios selected, and the weighting given to each scenario, among others. Significant changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, in economic conditions, in historical loss experience, and in the condition of the various markets in which collateral may be sold may all affect the required level of the ACL. Consequently, the business, financial condition, liquidity, capital and results of operations could also be affected.

The ACL estimation requires management to use relevant forward-looking economic forecasts, by using variables such as employment and unemployment rate, gross national product (“GNP”), retail sales, and house price index, including in the application of reasonable and supportable forecasts. ACL estimations are performed by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics.

OFG applied a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method for non-purchased credit deteriorated loans (non-PCD) and an undiscounted cash flow (“UDCF”) method for purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) loans to determine the ACL for loans collectively measured for impairment, except for credit cards and overdrafts which utilize a remaining life methodology. For non-PCD, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan and discounted using the effective yield. The discounted amount of expected cash flows is compared to the amortized cost, and any shortfall is recorded as a reserve. For PCD loans, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan pool, pool reserve is calculated by aggregating total loss from the UDCF. Expected cash flows are resulted from applying the contractual payment term, probability of defaults, loss given defaults, and prepayment assumptions.

Management’s judgment is required in selecting the macroeconomic scenarios and the weighting of the economic scenarios, which consist of baseline and moderate recession scenarios. As of December 31, 2023, management gave more weight to the baseline scenario, except for the US loan segment where the moderate recession scenario was given a greater weight. Management selects the macroeconomic forecast that is most reflective of expectations at that point in time. The applicability of qualitative adjustments includes adjustments of inherent risk not captured by the quantitative model.

OFG’s sensitivity analysis does not represent management’s view of expected credit losses at December 31, 2023. OFG evaluated sensitivities by applying 100% weight to baseline and moderate recession scenarios. The impact of assigning a 100% weight to the baseline scenario was a hypothetical decrease of 4% to the collective ACL, and the impact of assigning a 100% weight to the moderate recession scenario was a hypothetical increase of 6% to the collective ACL. These hypothetical sensitivities do not incorporate the impact of management’s judgment for qualitative factors applied in the current ACL for loans. It is possible that others performing similar sensitivity analyses could reach different conclusions or results. The sensitivity analysis excludes the ACL for off-balance sheet credit exposures.

For a detailed description of the principal factors used to determine the ACL related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment and for the principal enhancement’s management made to its methodology, please refer to “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 5 – Loans” to the consolidated financial statements.

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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The year ended December 31, 2023 was an outstanding year. At December 31, 2023, OFG ended with record levels of loans, customer deposits, assets, and stockholders’ equity. For the first time, commercial loan balances exceeded $3 billion and tangible common equity was more than $1 billion. OFG's ‘Digital First Strategy’ resulted in our retail customers completing 93% of routine transactions through self-service channels. OFG’s self-service portal, launched in early 2023, has been expanded to include more features and is rapidly being adopted by our customers. While consumer credit in Puerto Rico has begun to normalize post-pandemic, consumer liquidity and employment as well as commercial clients and the broader Puerto Rico economy continue to be strong.

Year Ended 2023:

Earnings per share diluted was $3.83 in 2023 compared to $3.44 in 2022. Total core revenues of $682.7 million in 2023 compared to $607.8 million in 2022.

Fourth Quarter of 2023:

Results Included:

Gain on Sale of Non-Performing Puerto Rico Small Business Loans: Resulted in a $6.3 million pre-tax gain in other non-interest income.

Workforce Early Retirement & Rightsizing: Resulted in $3.2 million in severance and lease cancellation costs in non-interest compensation and infrastructure expenses.

Large Public Funds Deposit: $1.2 billion in funds from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client were deposited mid-December.

Highlights:

Earnings per share diluted was $0.98 compared to $0.95 in the third quarter of 2023 and $0.97 in the fourth quarter of 2022. Total core revenues of $175.6 million compared to $172.2 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $168.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Performance metrics: Net interest margin of 5.62%, return on average assets of 1.76%, return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity of 18.22%, and efficiency ratio of 53.59%.

Total interest income of $176.2 million compared to $165.7 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $145.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. Compared to the third quarter of 2023, the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflected higher average balances and yields on loans and investment securities.

Total interest expense of $32.7 million compared to $23.9 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $10.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. Compared to the third quarter of 2023, the fourth quarter of 2023 reflected increases of $4.0 million in the cost of average core deposits and $4.8 million in the cost of average wholesale funding, primarily due to temporarily higher balances of borrowings and brokered deposits during the quarter.

Total banking and financial service revenues of $32.1 million compared to $30.4 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $33.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. Compared to the third quarter of 2023, the fourth quarter of 2023 reflected annual insurance commission recognition of $2.5 million in wealth management revenues and lower mortgage servicing revenues.

Pre-provision net revenues of $88.2 million compared to $82.3 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $76.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Total provision for credit losses of $19.7 million compared to $16.4 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $8.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The fourth quarter of 2023 provision primarily reflected increased loan volume.

Credit quality: Net charge-offs of $16.3 million compared to $18.8 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $11.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The fourth quarter of 2023 early and total delinquency rates were 2.76% and 3.76%, respectively, in line with the third quarter of 2023. The non-performing loan rate of 1.22% was the lowest over the last five quarters.

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Total non-interest expense of $94.1 million compared to $90.2 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $91.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Loans held for investment of $7.53 billion compared to $7.26 billion in the third quarter of 2023 and $6.84 billion in the fourth quarter of 2022. Loans increased 3.8% from the previous quarter and 10.2% year-over-year, reflecting increases in commercial loans and retail auto and consumer loans. This was partially offset by regular paydowns of residential mortgages and securitization and sale of conforming loans.

New loan production of $663.9 million compared to $567.5 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $616.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflected increased commercial lending within Puerto Rico.

Total investments of $2.69 billion compared to $2.07 billion in the third quarter of 2023 and $1.97 billion in the fourth quarter of 2022. The third quarter of 2023 investments reflected purchases of $300 million of short-term US Treasury bills and $250 million of long-term government insured, mortgage-backed securities.

Customer deposits of $9.60 billion compared to $8.54 billion in the third quarter of 2023 and $8.56 billion in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Total borrowings and brokered deposits of $363.0 million compared to $454.4 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $38.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The average balance of such wholesale funding was $602.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to $266.4 million in the third quarter of 2023. The December 31, 2023 balance reflected repayment of $250 million of borrowings and the addition of $160 million of brokered deposits, most of which will mature in the first quarter of 2024.

Cash and cash equivalents of $748.2 million compared to $532.7 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $550.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Total assets of $11.34 billion at December 31, 2023 compared to $10.26 billion at September 30, 2023 and $9.82 billion at December 31, 2022.

Capital: CET1 ratio of 14.12% compared to 14.06% in the third quarter of 2023 and 13.64% in the fourth quarter of 2022. The Tangible Common Equity ratio was 9.68% compared to 9.74% in the third quarter of 2023 and 9.59% in the fourth quarter of 2022. Tangible Book Value per share of $23.13 compared to $21.01 in the third quarter of 2023 and $19.56 in the fourth quarter of 2022. The fourth quarter of 2023 Tangible Book Value reflected increased retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income.

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Selected income statement and balance sheet data and key performance indicators are presented in the tables below:

Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
EARNINGS DATA:(In thousands, except per share data)
Interest income$648,880$515,573$449,199
Interest expense88,01033,49341,829
Net interest income560,870482,080407,370
Provision for credit losses60,63824,119221
Net interest income after provision for credit losses500,232457,961407,149
Non-interest income128,381131,690133,210
Non-interest expenses363,365345,546325,756
Income before taxes265,248244,105214,603
Income tax expense83,37677,86668,452
Net income181,872166,239146,151
Less: dividends on preferred stock(1,255)
Income available to common shareholders$181,872$166,239$144,896
PER SHARE DATA:
Basic$3.85$3.46$2.85
Diluted$3.83$3.44$2.81
Average common shares outstanding47,25848,03350,956
Average common shares outstanding and equivalents47,55248,43651,370
Cash dividends declared per common share$0.880.700.40
Cash dividends declared on common shares$41,85333,59320,505
PERFORMANCE RATIOS:
Return on average assets (ROA)1.79%1.64%1.42%
Return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity18.14%17.98%15.70%
Return on average common equity (ROE)16.37%15.95%13.80%
Efficiency ratio53.22%56.85%60.70%
Interest rate spread5.71%5.02%4.18%
Interest rate margin5.79%5.05%4.20%

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December 31,
202320222021
PERIOD END BALANCES AND CAPITAL RATIOS:(In thousands, except per share data)
Investments and loans
Investment securities$2,686,770$1,971,522$895,818
Loans, net7,401,6186,723,2366,329,311
Total investments and loans$10,088,388$8,694,758$7,225,129
Deposits and borrowings
Deposits$9,762,169$8,568,364$8,603,118
Borrowings200,77027,03464,571
Total deposits and borrowings$9,962,939$8,595,398$8,667,689
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock59,88559,88559,885
Additional paid-in capital638,667636,793637,061
Legal surplus150,967133,901117,677
Retained earnings639,324516,371399,949
Treasury stock, at cost(228,350)(211,135)(150,572)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(67,013)(93,409)5,160
Total stockholders’ equity$1,193,480$1,042,406$1,069,160
Per share data
Book value per common share$25.36$21.91$21.54
Tangible book value per common share$23.13$19.56$19.08
Market price$37.48$27.56$26.56
Capital ratios
Leverage capital11.03%10.36%9.69%
Common equity Tier 1 capital14.12%13.64%13.77%
Tier 1 risk-based capital14.12%13.64%14.27%
Total risk-based capital15.37%14.89%15.52%
Financial assets managed
Trust assets managed$2,511,880$2,334,672$3,758,895
Broker-dealer assets managed2,446,2812,172,1162,466,004
Total assets managed$4,958,161$4,506,788$6,224,899

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables show major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, their respective interest income, expenses, yields and costs, and their impact on net interest income due to changes in volume and rates for 2023 and 2022.

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TABLE 1 - ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME AND CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME/RATE

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022

InterestAverage rateAverage balance
December 2023December 2022December 2023December 2022December 2023December 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
A - TAX EQUIVALENT SPREAD
Interest-earning assets$648,880515,5736.70%5.40%$9,688,019$9,544,055
Tax equivalent adjustment16,06114,6790.17%0.15%
Interest-earning assets - tax equivalent664,941530,2526.87%5.55%9,688,0199,544,055
Interest-bearing liabilities88,01033,4930.99%0.38%8,903,7258,902,427
Tax equivalent net interest income / spread576,931496,7595.88%5.17%784,294641,628
Tax equivalent interest rate margin6.05%5.32%
B - NORMAL SPREAD
Interest-earning assets:
Investments:
Investment securities62,73040,7223.23%2.55%1,940,7761,594,662
Interest bearing cash and money market investments31,40614,6895.02%1.14%626,0671,291,633
Total investments94,13655,4113.67%1.92%2,566,8432,886,295
Non-PCD loans
Mortgage loans34,44236,8815.54%5.42%621,382680,768
Commercial loans201,260138,7157.69%5.90%2,617,2402,349,114
Consumer loans70,19758,18111.42%11.28%614,902515,781
Auto loans176,144147,5578.30%8.17%2,122,9971,805,976
Total Non-PCD loans482,043381,3348.07%7.13%5,976,5215,351,639
PCD loans
Mortgage loans60,43466,6106.16%6.02%980,5641,106,708
Commercial loans11,76411,1127.35%5.86%160,001189,606
Consumer loans10915514.99%14.03%7271,102
Auto loans39495111.72%10.94%3,3638,705
Total PCD loans72,70178,8286.35%6.04%1,144,6551,306,121
Total loans (1)554,744460,1627.79%6.91%7,121,1766,657,760
Total interest-earning assets$648,880515,5736.70%5.40%$9,688,019$9,544,055

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InterestAverage rateAverage balance
December 2023December 2022December 2023December 2022December 2023December 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
NOW Accounts25,71011,2911.03%0.41%2,489,5602,761,653
Savings accounts17,7276,4700.80%0.28%2,214,2562,306,607
Time deposits25,2257,9431.92%0.69%1,315,7451,143,469
Non-interest bearing deposits%%2,590,5232,647,871
Total core deposits68,66225,7040.80%0.29%8,610,0848,859,600
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations5,2836,500%%
Brokered deposits2,020355.16%0.30%39,10011,366
Total deposits75,96532,2390.88%0.36%8,649,1848,870,966
Borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase3,3065.55%%59,541
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings8,7397334.48%2.67%195,00027,497
Subordinated capital notes521%13.15%3,964
Total borrowings12,0451,2544.73%3.99%254,54131,461
Total interest-bearing liabilities88,01033,4930.99%0.38%8,903,7258,902,427
Net interest income / spread$560,870$482,0805.71%5.02%
Interest rate margin5.79%5.05%
Excess of average interest-earning assets over average interest-bearing liabilities$784,294$641,628
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities ratio108.81%107.21%
(1) Includes loans held for sale and excludes allowance for credit losses. Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.

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C - CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME DUE TO:

VolumeRateTotal
(In thousands)
Interest Income:
Investment securities$9,989$12,019$22,008
Interest-bearing cash and money market investments(11,144)27,86116,717
Loans40,10354,47994,582
Total interest income38,94894,359133,307
Interest Expense:
NOW accounts(1,215)15,63414,419
Savings accounts(271)11,52811,257
Time deposits15,4831,79917,282
Brokered deposits2601,7251,985
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations(1,217)(1,217)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase3,3063,306
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings7,2008068,006
Subordinated capital notes(261)(260)(521)
Total interest expense24,50230,01554,517
Net Interest Income$14,446$64,344$78,790

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is a function of the difference between rates earned on OFG’s interest-earning assets and rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate spread) and the relative amounts of its interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate margin). OFG constantly monitors the composition and re-pricing of its assets and liabilities to maintain its net interest income at adequate levels.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Net interest income of $560.9 million increased by $78.8 million from $482.1 million. Tax equivalent basis net interest income of $576.9 million increased $80.2 million, or 16.1%, from $496.8 million.

Interest rate spread increased by 69 basis points to 5.71% from 5.02% and net interest margin increased 74 basis points to 5.79% from 5.05%. This increase reflects an increase of 130 and 61 basis points, respectively, in the total average yield of interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

Net interest income was positively impacted by:

•A $94.6 million increase in interest income from loans driven by higher interest income from: (i) commercial loans of $63.2 million, primarily related to the upward repricing of variable rate commercial loans, increased yields on new loans originated during 2023, and higher average balance; (ii) consumer loans of $12.0 million mainly due to an increase of $98.7 million in the average balance of this portfolio; and (iii) auto loans of $28.0 million reflecting higher originations during 2023, partially offset by a decrease of $8.6 million in interest income from mortgage loans due to a reduction of $185.5 million in the average balance of this portfolio;

•A $22.0 million increase in interest income from investment securities, primarily related to a higher average volume of $346.1 million, which resulted in an increase in interest income of approximately $10.0 million, and higher yield by 68 basis points, which contributed to the increase in net interest income by approximately $12.0 million; and

•A $16.7 million increase in interest income from higher yield in lower balances of interest-bearing cash and money market related to the increase in the FRB federal funds rate during 2022 and 2023.

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These increases were partially offset by higher interest expense of $54.5 million from (i) interest paid on deposits of $43.7 million due to higher average cost of total deposits of 52 basis points, (ii) $10.8 million paid on a new $200.0 million two-year FHLB advance in the period and (iii) interest paid on repurchase agreements of $3.3 million originated during the third quarter of 2023 that matured before the year-end, partially offset by the early redemption of $36.1 million subordinated capital notes during the first quarter of 2022, which resulted in a decrease in interest expense of $521 thousand.

TABLE 2 - NON-INTEREST INCOME SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20232022Variance %
(In thousands)
Banking service revenue$70,078$71,161(1.5)%
Wealth management revenue32,99032,6351.1%
Mortgage banking activities18,78721,929(14.3)%
Total banking and financial service revenue121,855125,725(3.1)%
Net (loss) gain on:
Sale of securities(1,149)(247)365.2%
Early extinguishment of debt42(100.0)%
Other non-interest income7,6756,17024.4%
Total non-interest income$128,381$131,690(2.5)%

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income is affected by fees generated from loans and deposit accounts, the amount of assets under management of the Bank’s trust department, transactions generated by clients’ financial assets serviced by OFG’s securities broker-dealer, insurance agency and reinsurance subsidiaries, the level of mortgage banking activities, and gains or losses on sales of assets.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

OFG recorded non-interest income in the amount of $128.4 million, compared to $131.7 million, a decrease of 2.5%, or $3.3 million. The decrease in non-interest income was mainly due to:

•A decrease of $3.1 million in mortgage banking activities due to: (i) an unfavorable impact of $1.9 million in mortgage servicing rights valuation, (ii) a $1.1 million reduction in net gains on sales driven by lower sales volume, (iii) a $474 thousand reduction in servicing fees as a result of the FNMA mortgage servicing transfer to a third party and (iv) a $513 thousand reduction in cash collections;

•A $1.1 million loss associated with the sale of a $203.3 million short-term US treasury note available for sale during 2023; and

•A decrease of $1.1 million in banking service revenues, primarily related to: (i) a $531 thousand reduction in electronic banking charges of merchant-related income, (ii) a $405 thousand reduction in credit life commissions and (iii) a $221 thousand reduction in prepayment loan fees.

These increases in non-interest income were partially offset by, an increase of $1.5 million in other non-interest income. During 2023, OFG recorded a $6.3 million gain on the sale of commercial non-performing loans held-for-sale with a reporting balance of $4.3 million and unpaid principal balance of $25.3 million. Results for 2022 also included a $4.7 million gain recognized on the sale of a branch building.

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TABLE 3 - NON-INTEREST EXPENSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20232022Variance %
(In thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits$155,827$142,9309.0%
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs59,23551,30815.4%
Electronic banking charges41,33639,5544.5%
Information technology expenses27,16221,89124.1%
Professional and service fees18,76424,842-24.5%
Taxes, other than payroll and income taxes12,96812,999-0.2%
Insurance10,4949,8986.0%
Loan servicing and clearing expenses7,7749,161-15.1%
Advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives8,7438,2406.1%
Communication4,6784,2968.9%
Printing, postage, stationery and supplies3,3383,563-6.3%
Director and investor relations1,3511,12520.1%
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income, net of expenses(405)(2,074)80.5%
Other12,10017,813-32.1%
Total non-interest expenses$363,365$345,5465.2%
Relevant ratios and data:
Efficiency ratio53.22%56.85%
Compensation and benefits to non-interest expense42.88%41.36%
Compensation to average total assets owned1.53%1.41%
Number of employees end of year2,2482,253
Average number of employees2,2582,249
Average compensation per employee (in thousands)$69.01$63.55
Average loans per average employee$3,154$2,960

Non-Interest Expenses

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Non-interest expense was $363.4 million, representing an increase of 5.2%, or $17.8 million, compared to $345.5 million. The increase in non-interest expense was mainly due to:

•Increase in compensation and employee benefits of $12.9 million due to higher salaries and benefits, including payroll taxes. Also, during 2023, OFG recognized a $2.8 million expense relating to employee severance obligations resulting from a voluntary retirement program launched during the fourth quarter of 2023 and other rightsizing initiatives.

•Increase of $7.9 million in occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs primary related to: (i) higher balances of $4.6 million in depreciation and amortization expenses reflecting new digital projects placed in production since 2022 and (ii) a $1.2 million increase in software maintenance expenses;

•Increase of $5.3 million in information technology expenses driven by higher design, development and operating support expenses incurred as part of OFG’s digital transformation strategy;

•Decrease of $1.7 million in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income reflecting lower gain on sales of such assets; and

•Increase of $1.8 million in electronic banking charges mainly due to increases of $2.2 million in point-of-sale and merchant-related fees.

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The increase in non-interest expense was partially offset by, a decrease in (i) professional and service fees of $6.1 million, reflecting lower balances in compliance-related expenses and (ii) other expenses of $5.7 million, including $2.5 million due to the extinguishment of pandemic expenses, climate events expenses of $1.5 million and a $1.6 million decrease in debit card losses.

The efficiency ratio was 53.22%, an improvement from 56.85%. Amounts presented as part of non-interest income that were excluded from the efficiency ratio computation for years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $6.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively.

Provision for Credit Losses

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Provision for credit losses increased $36.5 million to $60.6 million from $24.1 million. The provision for credit losses for 2023 reflected a provision of $42.6 million related to the growth in loan balances, a provision of $13.1 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves, mainly in the US commercial loan portfolio, and $4.8 million associated with qualitative adjustments mostly to the auto loan and US commercial loan portfolios.

The provision for credit losses for 2022 reflected a provision of $25.9 million related to the growth in loan balances, a provision of $11.8 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves due to certain commercial loans placed in non-accrual status, and a provision of $1.9 million for changes in the economic and loss rate models, offset by a $15.2 million release associated with qualitative adjustment due to improvement in the performance of the portfolios and in Puerto Rico’s labor market and $288 thousand release in other miscellaneous reserves.

Income Tax Expense

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Income tax expense increased by $5.5 million to $83.4 million from $77.9 million. OFG’s Effective Tax Rate was 31.4% in 2023 compared to 31.9% in 2022. The increase in the income tax expense was related to greater income before tax by $13.0 million. OFG maintained an effective tax rate lower than statutory rate for the year ended December 31, 2023, mainly related to exempt investments, doing business through OFG's subsidiaries that are fully exempt or have a lower statutory tax rate, and changes in OFG’s valuation allowance.

During 2023, the Bank utilized $150.5 million deferred loan charge-offs for income tax purposes, decreasing its net deferred tax asset by $56.5 million. After this decrease, the Bank finalized in a net deferred tax liability position.

Refer to “Note 17 – Income Taxes” to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the income tax expense.

Business Segments

OFG segregates its businesses into the following segments: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury. Management established the reportable segments based on the internal reporting used to evaluate performance and to assess where to allocate resources. Other factors such as OFG’s organization, nature of its products, distribution channels and economic characteristics of its services were also considered in the determination of the reportable segments. OFG measures the performance of these reportable segments based on pre-established goals of different financial parameters such as net income, net interest income, loan production, and fees generated. OFG’s methodology for allocating non-interest expenses among segments is based on several factors such as revenue, employee headcount, occupied space, dedicated services or time, among others. Following are the results of operations and the selected financial information by operating segment for 2023 and 2022.

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TABLE 4 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Year Ended December 31, 2023
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotalEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$567,809$28$95,477$663,314$(14,434)$648,880
Interest expense(73,480)(28,964)(102,444)14,434(88,010)
Net interest income494,3292866,513560,870560,870
Provision for credit losses60,25538360,63860,638
Non-interest income, net97,09932,433(1,151)128,381128,381
Non-interest expenses(344,488)(15,427)(3,450)(363,365)(363,365)
Intersegment revenue1,6411,641(1,641)
Intersegment expenses(1,011)(630)(1,641)1,641
Income before income taxes$188,326$16,023$60,899$265,248$$265,248
Income tax expense83,2423410083,37683,376
Net income$105,084$15,989$60,799$181,872$$181,872
Total assets$9,154,201$38,261$3,304,204$12,496,666$(1,152,213)$11,344,453
Year Ended December 31, 2022
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotalEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$465,177$21$56,955$522,153$(6,580)$515,573
Interest expense(31,926)(8,147)(40,073)6,580(33,493)
Net interest income433,2512148,808482,080482,080
Provision for credit losses24,111824,11924,119
Non-interest income, net98,40733,481(198)131,690131,690
Non-interest expenses(323,125)(19,206)(3,215)(345,546)(345,546)
Intersegment revenue2,1872,187(2,187)
Intersegment expenses(1,497)(690)(2,187)2,187
Income before income taxes$186,609$12,799$44,697$244,105$$244,105
Income tax expense77,731973877,86677,866
Net income$108,878$12,702$44,659$166,239$$166,239
Total assets$8,347,767$23,085$2,432,549$10,803,401$(984,621)$9,818,780

Eliminations include interest income and expense for a time deposit opened by the Bank in Oriental Overseas, an international banking entity organized pursuant to the Puerto Rico International Banking Center Regulatory Act, as amended, which operates as a unit within the Bank. The time deposit with a balance of $300.3 million and $470.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is included in the Treasury Segment with its corresponding interest expense, to fund Oriental Overseas operations, which is included in the Banking Segment with its corresponding interest income, and are eliminated in the consolidation. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. The increase in interest income and interest expense from the prior year was mainly as a result of the FRB federal funds rate increases and higher average balance.

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Comparison of years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

Banking

OFG’s banking segment net income before taxes increased by $1.7 million from $186.6 million to $188.3 million, mainly reflecting:

•Increase of $94.6 million in interest income from loans, driven by increased yields on higher loan balances; and

•Increase of $7.9 million in interest income related to Oriental Overseas’ time deposit from the Bank to fund its operations, which is eliminated in the consolidation, mainly as a result of higher average unpaid principal balance and interest rates in the current period.

The increase in the banking segment’s net income was partially offset by:

•Increase of $36.1 million in provision for credit losses. The 2023 provision reflects $42.6 million related to the growth in loan balances, a provision of $13.1 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves, mainly in the US commercial loan portfolio, and $4.8 million associated with qualitative adjustments;

•Increase of $41.6 million in interest expense on deposits mainly related to higher costs of deposits;

•Increase of $21.4 million in non-interest expenses, mainly due to increases of: (i) $12.9 million in compensation and employee benefits, (ii) $7.9 million in occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs related to depreciation and amortization expenses reflecting new digital projects placed in production since 2022 and software maintenance expenses, and (iii) $5.3 million in information technology expenses related to digital transformation, partially offset by lower: (a) professional and service fees of $6.1 million, and (b) other expenses of $5.7 million related to lower pandemic expenses by $2.5 million, climate event expenses by $1.5 million related to 2022 Hurricane Fiona and $1.6 million from debit card losses; and

•Decrease of $1.3 million in non-interest income. The current period included a $6.3 million gain on the sale of commercial non-performing loans held-for-sale, while the previous year included a $4.7 million gain recognized on the sale of a branch building.

Wealth Management

Net income before taxes from this segment increased by $3.2 million compared to the prior year, mainly reflecting:

•Annual insurance contingent commission amounting to $2.5 million received during 2023, $1.3 million higher than prior year due to Hurricane Fiona's related claims; and

•The sale of OFG’s retirement plan administration business during the fourth quarter of 2022, which resulted in a decrease of $3.2 million in non-interest expenses and $2.2 million in non-interest income.

Treasury

Treasury segment net income before taxes increased by $16.2 million, mainly reflecting:

•Increase of $38.5 million in interest income, reflecting the purchase of agency mortgage-backed securities and US Treasury securities during such period and higher yield in lower balances of interest-bearing cash and money market investments related to higher FRB federal funds rate than in the previous year;

•Increase of $20.8 million in interest expense, reflecting higher expenses of: (i) $7.9 million from inter-segment borrowing as a result of higher average balance and FRB federal funds rate, (ii) $10.8 million in interest from a new $200 million two-year FHLB advance, (iii) $3.3 million from repurchase agreements; and

•A loss of $1.1 million related to the sale of a short-term US treasury note during 2023.

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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

Assets Owned

At December 31, 2023, OFG’s total assets amounted to $11.344 billion, an increase of $1.526 billion, when compared to $9.819 billion at December 31, 2022.

Cash and due from banks increased by $197.4 million to $743.6 million, driven by the receipt of a $1.2 billion deposit from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client during the fourth quarter of 2023, the effect of a two-year $200.0 million FHLB advance and the sale of US Treasury securities during the year ended December 31, 2023, partially offset by loan funding, the purchase of $1.070 billion of investment securities and repayments of $150.0 million and $100.0 million, respectively, of repurchase agreements and overnight FHLB advances.

The investment portfolio increased by $715.2 million or 36.3% primarily driven by the purchase of $1.035 billion of mortgage-backed securities, $93.6 million in mortgage loan securitization, the purchase of a $35 million two-year privately placed hospital revenue bond issued by the Puerto Rico, Industrial, Tourist, Educational, Medical and Environmental Control Facilities Financing Authority (“AFICA”, by its Spanish acronym) during the fourth quarter of 2023, and favorable market value adjustments of $31.5 million, partially offset by the sale of a $203.3 million US Treasury securities available for sale, the maturity and repayment of $111.5 million U.S. Treasury notes and principal paydowns on mortgage-backed securities totaling $162.0 million. OFG’s investment strategy focuses on liquidity and highly liquid securities, considering their investment and the current market environment.

OFG’s loan portfolio is comprised of commercial loans secured by real estate, other commercial and industrial loans, US commercial loans, residential mortgage loans, consumer loans, and auto loans. At December 31, 2023, OFG’s net loan portfolio increased by $678.4 million or 10.1% reflecting increases in commercial, auto and consumer loans, partially offset by a decrease in residential mortgage loans.

Financial Assets Managed

At December 31, 2023, OFG’s financial assets include those managed by OFG’s trust division and its securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries. OFG’s trust division offers various types of individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and manages Keogh retirement plans and custodian and corporate trust accounts. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total assets managed by OFG’s trust division amounted to $2.512 billion and $2.335 billion, respectively. OFG’s broker-dealer subsidiary offers a wide array of investment alternatives to its client base, such as tax-advantaged fixed income securities, mutual funds, stocks, bonds and money management wrap-fee programs. At December 31, 2023, total assets managed by the securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries from their customers’ investment accounts amounted to $2.446 billion, compared to $2.172 billion at December 31, 2022. Changes in trust and broker-dealer related assets also reflect changes in portfolio balances and differences in market value resulting from the increase in interest rates.

Goodwill

OFG’s goodwill is not amortized to expense but is tested at least annually for impairment. A quantitative annual impairment test is not required if, based on a qualitative analysis, OFG determines that the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is not impaired. OFG completes its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31 of each year. OFG tests for impairment by first allocating its goodwill and other assets and liabilities, as necessary, to defined reporting units. A fair value is then determined for each reporting unit. If the fair values of the reporting units exceed their book values, no write-down of the recorded goodwill is necessary. If the fair values are less than the book values, an additional valuation procedure is necessary to assess the proper carrying value of the goodwill.

As of both December 31, 2023 and 2022, OFG had $84.2 million of goodwill allocated as follows: $84.1 million to the banking segment and $100 thousand to the wealth management segment. Please refer to “Note 11 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” to our consolidated financial statements for more information on the annual goodwill impairment test.

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TABLE 5 - ASSETS SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20232022
(In thousands)
Investments:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates$1,730,655$1,105,55156.5%
US Treasury securities496,113506,768-2.1%
GNMA certificates376,294319,53417.8%
Equity securities38,46923,66762.5%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies9,61014,851-35.3%
Other debt securities35,6161,1423,018.7%
Trading securities13944.4%
Total investments2,686,7701,971,52236.3%
Loans, net7,401,6186,723,23610.1%
Total investments and loans10,088,3888,694,75816.0%
Other assets:
Cash and due from banks (including restricted cash)743,550546,30336.1%
Money market investments4,6234,16111.1%
Foreclosed real estate10,78011,214-3.9%
Accrued interest receivable71,40062,40214.4%
Deferred tax asset, net4,92355,485-91.1%
Premises and equipment, net104,102106,820-2.5%
Servicing assets49,52050,921-2.8%
Goodwill84,24184,2410.0%
Other intangible assets20,69427,593-25.0%
Operating lease right-of-use assets21,72525,363-14.3%
Other assets and customers' liability on acceptances140,507149,519-6.0%
Total other assets1,256,0651,124,02211.7%
Total assets$11,344,453$9,818,78015.5%
Investment portfolio composition:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates64.4%56.0%
US Treasury securities18.5%25.7%
GNMA certificates14.0%16.2%
Equity securities1.4%1.2%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies0.4%0.8%
Other debt securities and trading securities1.3%0.1%
100.0%100.0%

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TABLE 6 - LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20232022
(In thousands)
Loans held for investment:
Commercial loans$3,076,903$2,629,92917.0%
Mortgage loans1,562,6091,704,221(8.3)%
Consumer loans620,446537,25715.5%
Auto loans2,274,4211,963,91515.8%
7,534,3796,835,32210.2%
Allowance for credit losses(161,106)(152,673)5.5%
Total loans held for investment7,373,2736,682,64910.3%
Mortgage loans held for sale19,499(100.0)%
Other loans held for sale28,34521,08834.4%
Total loans, net$7,401,618$6,723,23610.1%

OFG’s loan portfolio is composed of commercial, mortgage, consumer, and auto loans. As shown in Table 6 above, total loans, net, amounted to $7.402 billion at December 31, 2023, a 10.1% increase when compared to $6.723 billion at December 31, 2022. The composition and trends of OFG’s loans held-for-investment portfolio were as follows:

•Commercial loan portfolio amounted to $3.077 billion (40.8% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $2.630 billion (38.5% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2022. Commercial loans secured by non-owner occupied commercial real estate amounted to $744.6 million and $605.5 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which represented 9.9% and 8.9% of our total loan portfolio held for investment. US commercial loans amounted to $755.2 million and $642.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which represented 10.0% and 9.4% of our total loan portfolio held for investment. Commercial loan production increased 12%, or $118.0 million, to $1,108.3 million in 2023 from $990.3 million in 2022.

•Mortgage loan portfolio amounted to $1.563 billion (20.7% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $1.704 billion (24.9% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2022. Mortgage loans included delinquent loans in the GNMA buy-back option program amounting to $19.4 million and $32.6 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Under the GNMA program, issuers such as OFG have the option but not the obligation to repurchase loans that are 90 days or more past due. For accounting purposes, these loans subject to the repurchase option are required to be reflected (rebooked) on our financial statements with an offsetting liability. Mortgage loan production totaled $133.0 million in 2023 which represents a decrease of 34% from $200.9 million in 2022.

This decrease reflects the negative impact of the FRB federal funds rate increases during 2022 and 2023 in the Puerto Rico housing market. OFG follows a conservative residential mortgage lending policy with more than 90% of its residential mortgage portfolio consisting of fixed-rate, fully amortizing, fully documented loans that do not have the level of risk associated with subprime loans offered by certain major US mortgage loan originators. Furthermore, OFG has never been active in negative amortization loans or offered adjustable-rate mortgage loans with teaser rates.

•Consumer loan portfolio amounted to $620.4 million (8.2% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $537.3 million (7.9% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2022. Consumer loan production decreased 6% to $313.6 million in 2023 from $334.2 million in 2022.

•Auto loans portfolio amounted to $2.274 billion (30.3% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $1.964 billion (28.7% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2022. Auto loans production increased by 13%, or $107.1 million to $919.7 million in 2023 from $812.6 million in 2022.

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The following table presents the loans held for investment portfolio as of December 31, 2023 by maturities and interest rates:

TABLE 7 - MATURITY DISTRIBUTION OF LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
Balance Outstanding at December 31, 2023Maturities
One Year or LessAfter One to Five YearsAfter Five Years To 15 YearsAfter 15 Years
Fixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest Rates
(In thousands)
Non-PCD
Mortgage loans$629,244$19,367$11,008$247$201,736$1,085$384,210$11,591
Commercial loans2,941,459788,058690,681798,142396,458207,41536,33524,370
Consumer loans619,89464,166279,440245,87630,412
Auto loans2,272,53056,6181,033,2391,182,673
Total$6,463,127$928,209$2,014,368$798,389$2,026,743$208,500$450,957$35,961
PCD
Mortgage loans$933,365$1,028$12,982$291$460,375$594$445,418$12,677
Commercial loans135,44469,24950,0933,5061,60310,91479
Consumer loans552294258
Auto loans1,89185796272
Total$1,071,252$71,428$64,037$3,797$462,050$11,508$445,755$12,677
Total loans$7,534,379$999,637$2,078,405$802,186$2,488,793$220,008$896,712$48,638

The following table includes the maturities of OFG’s lending exposure to the Puerto Rico government amounting to $68.6 million, which is limited solely to loans to municipalities secured by ad valorem property taxes, without limitation as to rate or amount, on all taxable property within the issuing municipalities. The good faith, credit and unlimited taxing power of each issuing municipality are pledged for the payment of its general obligations. Deposits from the Puerto Rico government totaled $1,616.3 million at December 31, 2023.

TABLE 8 - PUERTO RICO GOVERNMENT RELATED LOANS

December 31, 2023
Maturity
Carrying ValueLess than 1 Year1 to 3 YearsMore than 3 Years
Loans:(In thousands)
Municipalities$68,557$$2,030$66,527

At December 31, 2023, OFG has $68.6 million of direct credit exposure to the Puerto Rico government, a $5.1 million decrease from $73.7 million in December 31, 2022.

Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)

OFG measures its ACL based on management’s best estimate of expected credit losses inherent in OFG’s relevant financial assets. Tables 9 through 12 set forth an analysis of activity in the ACL and present selected credit loss statistics for 2023 and 2022 and as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. In addition, Table 6 sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio.

Please refer to the “Provision for Credit Losses” and “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” sections in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this annual report on Form 10-K and “Note 6 – Allowance for Credit Losses” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a more detailed analysis of provisions and ACL.

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Non-performing Assets

OFG’s non-performing assets include non-performing loans, foreclosed real estate, and other repossessed assets (see Tables 13 and 15). At December 31, 2023, OFG had $79.4 million of non-accrual loans held for investment, including $6.7 million PCD loans, compared to $89.6 million at December 31, 2022, reflecting decreases of $0.6 million and $9.1 million in auto and mortgage loan portfolios, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, total commercial non-accrual loans excluded $6.4 million and $16.4 million, respectively, of non-accrual commercial loans held for sale.

At December 31, 2022, loans whose terms have been extended and which were classified as Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDR’s) that were not included in non-accrual loans amounted to $145.2 million as they were performing under their modified terms. On January 1, 2023, OFG adopted ASU 2022-02 related to the elimination of the recognition and measurement of TDRs and the enhancement of disclosures for loan restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty using the prospective transition method. Loans that were restructured in a TDR prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 will continue to be accounted for under the historical TDR accounting until the relevant loans are paid off, liquidated or subsequently modified.

Delinquent residential mortgage loans insured or guaranteed under applicable Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) and United States Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) programs are classified as non-performing loans when they become 90 days or more past due but are not placed in non-accrual status until they become 12 months or more past due, since they are insured loans. Therefore, those loans are included as non-performing loans but excluded from non-accrual loans. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the outstanding balance of these residential mortgage loans was $5.8 million and $10.3 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2023, OFG’s non-performing assets decreased by 13.6% to $100.0 million (0.88% total assets) from $115.7 million (1.18% of total assets) at December 31, 2022.

Foreclosed real estate decreased from $11.2 million at December 31, 2022 to $10.8 million at December 31, 2023 and other repossessed assets decreased from $4.6 million at December 31, 2022 to $4.0 million at December 31, 2023, both recorded at fair value. OFG does not expect non-performing loans to result in significantly higher losses. At December 31, 2023, the allowance coverage ratio to non-performing loans was 189.1% (152.9% at December 31, 2022).

Upon adoption of the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology, OFG elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. As such, for PCD loans the determination of nonaccrual or accrual status is made at the pool level, not the individual loan level. The ACL was determined for each pool and added to the pool’s carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the non-credit premium or discount which will be amortized interest income over the remaining life of the pool. On a quarterly basis, management will monitor the composition and behavior of the pools to assess the ability for cash flow estimation and timing. If based on the analysis performed the pool is classified as non-accrual, the accretion/amortization of the non-credit (discount) premium will cease.

The following items comprise non-performing loans held for investment, including Non-PCD and PCDs:

Commercial loans - At December 31, 2023, OFG’s non-performing commercial loans amounted to $42.5 million (49.9% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 1.9% decrease from $43.4 million at December 31, 2022 (43.4% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD commercial loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the underlying collateral, if any.

Mortgage loans - At December 31, 2023, OFG’s non-performing mortgage loans totaled $20.3 million (23.8% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 40.0% decrease from $33.8 million (33.8% of OFG’s non-performing loans) at December 31, 2022. Non-PCD mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written-down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the collateral underlying the loan, except for FHA and VA insured mortgage loans which are placed in non-accrual when they become 12 months or more past due.

Consumer loans - At December 31, 2023, OFG’s non-performing consumer loans amounted to $3.4 million (4.0% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 7.9% increase from $3.1 million at December 31, 2022 (3.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD consumer loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due and written-off when payments are delinquent 120 days in personal loans and 180 days in credit cards and personal lines of credit.

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Auto loans - At December 31, 2023, OFG’s non-performing auto loans amounted to $19.1 million (22.3% of OFG’s total non-performing loans), a decrease of 2.8% from $19.6 million at December 31, 2022 (19.7% of OFG’s total non-performing loans). Non-PCD auto loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due, partially written-off to collateral value when payments are delinquent 120 days, and fully written-off when payments are delinquent 180 days.

OFG has two mortgage loan modification programs. These are the Loss Mitigation Program and the Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program. Both programs are intended to help responsible homeowners to remain in their homes and avoid foreclosure, while also reducing OFG’s losses on non-performing mortgage loans.

The Loss Mitigation Program helps mortgage borrowers who are or will become financially unable to meet the current or scheduled mortgage payments. Loans that qualify under this program are those guaranteed by FHA, VA, USDA Rural Development (RURAL), Puerto Rico Housing Finance Authority (PRHFA), conventional loans guaranteed by Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (MGIC), conventional loans sold to FNMA and FHLMC, and conventional loans retained by OFG. The program offers diversified alternatives such as regular or reduced payment plans, payment moratorium, mortgage loan modification, partial claims (only FHA), short sale, and deed in lieu of foreclosure.

The Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program is for non-conforming mortgages, including balloon payment, interest-only/interest first, variable interest rate, adjustable interest rate and other qualified loans. Non-conforming mortgage loan portfolios are segregated into the following categories: performing loans that meet secondary market requirement and are refinanced under the credit underwriting guidelines of FHA/VA/FNMA/ FHLMC and performing loans not meeting secondary market guidelines processed pursuant OFG’s current credit and underwriting guidelines. OFG achieved an affordable and sustainable monthly payment by taking specific, sequential, and necessary steps such as reducing the interest rate, extending the loan term, capitalizing arrearages, deferring the payment of principal or, if the borrower qualifies, refinancing the loan.

In order to apply for any of our loan modification programs, if the borrower is active in Chapter 13 bankruptcy, it must request an authorization from the bankruptcy trustee to allow the loan modification. Borrowers with discharged Chapter 7 bankruptcies may also apply. Loans in these programs are evaluated by designated credit underwriters for financial difficulty modification if OFG grants a concession for legal or economic reasons due to the debtor’s financial difficulties.

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TABLE 9 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES BREAKDOWN

December 31,Variance %
20232022
(In thousands)
ACL:
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$44,041$39,15812.5%
Mortgage loans7,9989,571-16.4%
Consumer loans27,08623,26416.4%
Auto loans73,48569,8485.2%
Total ACL$152,610$141,8417.6%
PCD
Commercial loans$1,113$1,388-19.8%
Mortgage loans7,3519,359-21.5%
Consumer loans714-50.0%
Auto loans2571-64.8%
Total ACL$8,496$10,832-21.6%
ACL summary
Commercial loans$45,154$40,54611.4%
Mortgage loans15,34918,930-18.9%
Consumer loans27,09323,27816.4%
Auto loans73,51069,9195.1%
Total ACL$161,106$152,6735.5%
ACL composition:
Commercial loans28.0%26.6%
Mortgage loans9.5%12.4%
Consumer loans16.8%15.2%
Auto loans45.7%45.8%
100.0%100.0%
ACL coverage ratio at end of year:
Commercial loans1.5%1.5%(4.5)%
Mortgage loans1.0%1.1%(11.7)%
Consumer loans4.4%4.3%0.9%
Auto loans3.2%3.6%(9.3)%
2.1%2.2%(4.0)%
ACL coverage ratio to non-performing loans:
Commercial loans106.2%93.5%13.6%
Mortgage loans75.8%56.1%35.2%
Consumer loans802.5%744.2%7.8%
Auto loans385.8%356.5%8.2%
189.1%152.9%23.7%

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TABLE 10 - ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

December 31,
20232022
Amount of ACLPercent of loans in each category of total loans [1]Amount of ACLPercent of loans in each category of total loans [1]
Commercial loans$45,15440.8%$40,54638.5%
Mortgage loans15,34920.7%18,93024.9%
Consumer loans27,0938.2%23,2787.9%
Auto loans73,51030.3%69,91928.7%
Total$161,106100.0%$152,673100.0%
[1] Total loans in this table refers to total loans held for investment.

TABLE 11 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20232022Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year$152,673$155,937-2.1%
Provision for credit losses60,27724,408147.0%
Charge-offs(86,271)(63,774)35.3%
Recoveries34,42736,102-4.6%
Balance at end of year$161,106$152,6735.5%

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TABLE 12 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOANS

Year Ended December 31,
20232022Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-PCD:
Mortgage loans
Charge-offs$(759)$(284)167.3%
Recoveries1,2173,314-63.3%
Total4583,030-84.9%
Commercial loans
Charge-offs(14,191)(13,380)6.1%
Recoveries8741,200-27.2%
Total(13,317)(12,180)9.3%
Consumer loans
Charge-offs(23,655)(15,198)55.6%
Recoveries4,1753,23729.0%
Total(19,480)(11,961)62.9%
Auto loans
Charge-offs(43,764)(32,662)34.0%
Recoveries25,10721,13118.8%
Total(18,657)(11,531)61.8%
PCD:
Mortgage loans
Charge-offs$(317)$(1,695)(81.3)%
Recoveries6982,665(73.8)%
Total381970(60.7)%
Commercial loans
Charge-offs(2,794)(69)3,949.3%
Recoveries1,6183,804(57.5)%
Total(1,176)3,735(131.5)%
Consumer loans
Charge-offs(621)(176)252.8%
Recoveries96942.1%
Total(525)(82)540.2%
Auto loans
Charge-offs(170)(310)(45.2)%
Recoveries642657(2.3)%
Total47234736.0%
Total charge-offs(86,271)(63,774)35.3%
Total recoveries34,42736,102(4.6)%
Net credit losses$(51,844)$(27,672)87.4%

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TABLE 12 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOANS (CONTINUED)

Year Ended December 31,
20232022Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Net credit losses (recoveries) to averageloans outstanding:
Mortgage loans(0.05)%(0.22)%76.60%
Commercial loans0.52%0.33%56.9%
Consumer3.25%2.33%39.5%
Auto loans0.86%0.62%38.8%
Total0.73%0.42%75.2%
Recoveries to charge-offs39.91%56.61%-29.5%
Average Loans Held for Investment
Mortgage loans$1,601,946$1,787,476-10.4%
Commercial loans2,777,2412,538,7209.4%
Consumer loans615,629516,88319.1%
Auto loans2,126,3601,814,68117.2%
Total$7,121,176$6,657,7607.0%

Net charge-offs for 2023 amounted to $51.8 million, increasing by $24.2 million, when compared to $27.7 million in 2022.

Net charge-offs variances were as follows:

Residential mortgage loans net recoveries amounted to $839 thousand in 2023, decreasing by $3.2 million when compared to net recoveries of $4.0 million in 2022.

Commercial loans net charge-offs for 2023 amounted to $14.5 million, increasing by $6.0 million, when compared to net charge-offs of $8.4 million in 2022. The charge-offs for the 2023 included $11.5 million charge-offs recognized on three US commercial loan relationships, a $2.1 million charge-off recognized on a PCD commercial loan, and $906 thousand charge-offs for a small portfolio of non-performing small business commercial loans that were sold during the period.

Consumer loans net charge-offs for 2023 amounted to $20.0 million, increasing by $8.0 million, when compared to $12.0 million in 2022. Auto loans net charge-offs for 2023 amounted to $18.2 million, increasing by $7.0 million, when compared to $11.2 million in 2022. With Covid-19 cash stimulus fading away, OFG has increased net charge-offs in auto and consumer loan portfolios.

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TABLE 13 — NON-PERFORMING ASSETS

December 31,Variance %
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing assets:
Non-PCD
Non-accruing loans$72,725$80,412-9.6%
Accruing loans5,81010,273-43.4%
Total$78,535$90,685-13.4%
PCD6,6749,186-27.3%
Total non-performing loans$85,209$99,871-14.7%
Foreclosed real estate10,78011,214-3.9%
Other repossessed assets4,0324,617-12.7%
$100,021$115,702-13.6%
Non-performing assets to total assets0.88%1.18%-25.4%
Non-performing assets to total capital8.38%11.10%-24.5%

At December 31, 2022, Non-PCD non-accruing loans and accruing loans include $20.3 million and $9.0 million, respectively, of TDR loans. As mentioned previously, on January 1, 2023, OFG adopted ASU 2022-02 related to the elimination of the recognition and measurement of TDRs and the enhancement of disclosures for loan restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty using the prospective transition method.

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TABLE 14 — NON-ACCRUAL LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$36,096$34,4324.8%
Mortgage loans14,19723,241-38.9%
Consumer loans3,3763,1287.9%
Auto loans19,05619,613-2.8%
Total$72,725$80,414-9.6%
PCD
Commercial loans$6,424$8,927-28.0%
Mortgage loans250259-3.5%
Total$6,674$9,186-27.3%
Total non-accrual loans$79,399$89,600-11.4%
Non-accruals loans composition percentages:
Commercial loans53.6%48.4%
Mortgage loans18.2%26.2%
Consumer loans4.3%3.5%
Auto loans23.9%21.9%
100.0%100.0%
Non-accrual loans ratios:
Non-accrual loans to total loans1.05%1.31%-19.85%
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans202.91%170.39%19.09%
Year Ended December 31,
20232022
(In thousands)
Interest that would have been recorded in the period if the loans had not been classified as non-accruing loans$941$1,190

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TABLE 15 - NON-PERFORMING LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans
Non-PCD
Commercial loans$36,096$34,4324.8%
Mortgage loans20,00733,512-40.3%
Consumer loans3,3763,1287.9%
Auto loans19,05619,613-2.8%
Total$78,535$90,685-13.4%
PCD
Commercial loans$6,424$8,927-28.0%
Mortgage loans250259-3.5%
Total$6,674$9,186-27.3%
Total non-performing loans$85,209$99,871-14.7%
Non-performing loans composition percentages:
Commercial loans49.90%43.40%
Mortgage loans23.80%33.80%
Consumer loans4.00%3.10%
Auto loans22.30%19.70%
100.00%100.00%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans held for investment gross1.13%1.46%-22.6%
Total assets0.75%1.02%-26.5%
Total capital7.14%9.58%-25.5%
Non-performing loans with partial charge-offs to:
Total loans held for investment gross0.29%0.40%-27.5%
Non-performing loans25.63%27.27%-6.0%
Other non-performing loans ratios:
Charge-off rate on non-performing loans to non-performing loans on which charge-offs have been taken75.14%99.57%-24.5%
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans on which no charge-offs have been taken254.24%210.18%21.0%

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TABLE 16 - LIABILITIES SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing deposits$2,537,431$2,630,458-3.5%
NOW accounts3,512,8872,546,24538.0%
Savings accounts2,088,0912,227,963-6.3%
Time deposits1,620,6881,162,95939.4%
Total deposits9,759,0978,567,62513.91%
Accrued interest payable3,072739315.7%
Total deposits and accrued interest payable9,762,1698,568,36413.93%
Borrowings:
Advances from FHLB200,76826,716651.5%
Other borrowings2318-99.4%
Total borrowings200,77027,034642.7%
Total deposits and borrowings9,962,9398,595,39815.9%
Other Liabilities:
Acceptances outstanding25,57628,607-10.6%
Lease liability24,02927,370-12.2%
Deferred tax liability, net22,444100.0%
Other liabilities115,985124,999-7.2%
Total liabilities$10,150,973$8,776,37415.7%
Deposits portfolio composition percentages:
Non-interest-bearing deposits26.0%30.7%
NOW accounts36.0%29.7%
Savings accounts21.4%26.0%
Time deposits16.6%13.6%
100.0%100.0%
Borrowings portfolio composition percentages:
Advances from FHLB100.0%98.8%
Other borrowings%1.2%
100.0%100.0%

Liabilities and Funding Sources

As shown in Table 15 above, at December 31, 2023, OFG’s total liabilities were $10.151 billion, 15.7% higher than the $8.776 billion reported at December 31, 2022. Deposits and borrowings, OFG’s funding sources, amounted to $9.963 billion at December 31, 2023 compared to $8.595 billion at December 31, 2022.

Deposits, excluding accrued interest payable, increased by $1.191 billion reflecting an increase in demand deposits of $733.7 million, brokered deposits of $150.8 million and time deposits of $309.2 million, offset by a decrease in savings and money market accounts of $139.9 million. In December 2023, OFG received a $1.2 billion deposit in an interest-bearing checking account from an existing long-standing Puerto Rico government client who had an inflow of liquidity. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, total public fund deposits from various Puerto Rico government municipalities, agencies and corporations amounted to $1.616 billion and $284.2 million, respectively. These public funds were collateralized with securities and commercial loans amounting to $1.645 billion and $367.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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As of December 31, 2023, borrowings consist mainly of FHLB advances, which increased to $200.8 million, representing an increase of $174.1 million, when compared to $26.7 million at December 31, 2022. The increase in borrowings reflects a new two-year FHLB advance amounting to $200.0 million during the period as part of OFG’s asset liability management strategies.

Stockholders’ Equity

At December 31, 2023, OFG’s total stockholders’ equity was $1.193 billion, a 14.5% increase when compared to $1.042 billion at December 31, 2022. This increase reflects an increase in retained earnings of $123.0 million and legal surplus of $17.1 million, mainly due to $181.9 million in net income, partially offset by $41.9 million in common stock dividends, and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, of $26.4 million from favorable market value adjustments on available-for-sale investment securities during 2023. These variances were partially offset by $17.2 million from treasury stock as a result of repurchases of common stock in the aggregate amount of $18.7 million in connection with the $100 million stock buyback program announced in 2022.

Regulatory Capital

OFG and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements established by the FRB and the FDIC. The current risk-based capital standards applicable to OFG and the Bank (“Basel III capital rules”) are based on the final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards, known as Basel III, of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. As of December 31, 2023, the capital ratios of OFG and the Bank continue to exceed the minimum requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Basel III capital rules.

On January 1, 2020, OFG implemented CECL using the modified retrospective approach, with an impact to capital of $25.5 million, net of its corresponding deferred tax effect. On March 27, 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, U.S. banking regulators issued an interim final rule that OFG adopted to delay for two years the initial adoption impact of CECL on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of the capital benefit provided during 2020 and 2021 (i.e., a five-year transition period). During the two-year delay, OFG added back to common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) capital 100% of the initial adoption impact of CECL plus 25% of the cumulative quarterly changes in the ACL (i.e., quarterly transitional amounts). After two years, starting on January 1, 2022, the quarterly transitional amounts along with the initial adoption impact of CECL are being phased out of CET1 capital over a three-year period.

The risk-based capital ratios presented in Table 16 include common equity tier 1, tier 1 capital, total capital and leverage capital as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and are calculated based on the Basel III capital rules related to the measurement of capital, risk-weighted assets and average assets.

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The following are OFG’s consolidated capital ratios under the Basel III capital rules at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

TABLE 16 — CAPITAL, DIVIDENDS AND STOCK DATA

December 31,Variance
20232022%
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Capital data:
Stockholders’ equity$1,193,480$1,042,40614.5%
Regulatory Capital Ratios data:
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio14.12%13.64%3.5%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio required4.50%4.50%0.0%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$1,174,2051,037,38513.2%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital required$374,301342,2469.4%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$207,945190,1379.4%
Excess over regulatory requirement$591,959505,00217.2%
Risk-weighted assets$8,317,8027,605,4669.4%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio14.12%13.64%3.5%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio required6.00%6.00%0.0%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$1,174,205$1,037,38513.2%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital required$499,068$456,3289.4%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$207,945190,1379.4%
Excess over regulatory requirement$467,192$390,92019.5%
Risk-weighted assets$8,317,802$7,605,4669.4%
Total risk-based capital ratio15.37%14.89%3.2%
Minimum total risk-based capital ratio required8.00%8.00%0.0%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,278,537$1,132,65812.9%
Minimum total risk-based capital required$665,424$608,4379.4%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$207,945190,1379.4%
Excess over regulatory requirement$405,168$334,08421.3%
Risk-weighted assets$8,317,802$7,605,4669.4%
Leverage capital ratio11.03%10.36%6.5%
Minimum leverage capital ratio required4.00%4.00%0.0%
Actual tier 1 capital$1,174,205$1,037,38513.2%
Minimum tier 1 capital required$425,911$400,4456.4%
Excess over regulatory requirement$748,294$636,94017.5%
Tangible common equity to total assets9.60%9.48%1.3%
Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets13.09%12.24%6.9%
Total equity to total assets10.52%10.62%-0.9%
Total equity to risk-weighted assets14.35%13.71%4.7%
Stock data:
Outstanding common shares47,065,15647,581,375(1.1)%
Book value per common share$25.36$21.9115.7%
Tangible book value per common share$23.13$19.5618.3%
Market price at end of period$37.48$27.5636.0%
Market capitalization at end of period$1,764,002$1,311,34334.5%

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From December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023, leverage capital ratio increased from 10.36% to 11.03%, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio and common equity tier 1 capital ratio increased from 13.64% to 14.12%, total risk-based capital ratio increased from 14.89% to 15.37%, and tangible common equity to tangible total assets increased from 9.59% to 9.68%. The increases in capital ratios reflected an increase in retained earnings from net income, net of dividends and stock repurchases, partially offset by an increase in risk-weighted assets of $712.3 million. Risk-weighted assets increased mainly from an increase in loans.

December 31,Variance
20232022%
(Dollars in thousands)
Common dividend data:
Cash dividends declared$41,853$33,59324.6%
Cash dividends declared per share$0.88$0.7025.7%
Payout ratio22.98%20.35%12.9%
Dividend yield2.35%2.54%(7.5)%

The following table presents a reconciliation of OFG’s total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31,
20232022
(In thousands, except share or per share information)
Total stockholders’ equity$1,193,480$1,042,406
Goodwill(84,241)(84,241)
Other intangible assets(20,694)(27,593)
Total tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$1,088,545$930,572
Total assets$11,344,4539,818,780
Goodwill(84,241)(84,241)
Core deposit intangible(15,848)(21,131)
Customer relationship intangible(4,846)(6,462)
Total tangible assets$11,239,518$9,706,946
Tangible common equity to tangible assets9.68%9.59%
Common shares outstanding at end of period47,065,15647,581,375
Tangible book value per common share$23.13$19.56

The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share are non-GAAP measures and, unlike tier 1 capital and common equity tier 1 capital, are not codified in the federal banking regulations. Management and many stock analysts use the tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations. Neither tangible common equity nor tangible assets or related measures should be considered in isolation or as a substitute for stockholders’ equity, total assets or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which OFG calculates its tangible common equity, tangible assets and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.

Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. To mitigate these limitations, OFG has procedures in place to calculate these measures using the appropriate GAAP or regulatory components. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.

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The following table presents OFG’s capital adequacy information under the Basel III capital rules:

December 31,Variance
20232022%
(Dollars in thousands)
Risk-based capital:
Common equity tier 1 capital$1,174,205$1,037,38513.2%
Tier 1 capital1,174,2051,037,38513.2%
Additional Tier 2 capital104,33295,2739.5%
Total risk-based capital$1,278,537$1,132,65812.9%
Risk-weighted assets:
Balance sheet items$7,768,828$6,976,33511.4%
Off-balance sheet items548,974629,131(12.7)%
Total risk-weighted assets$8,317,802$7,605,4669.4%
Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 7%)14.12%13.64%3.5%
Tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 8.5%)14.12%13.64%3.5%
Total capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 10.5%)15.37%14.89%3.2%
Leverage ratio (minimum required - 4%)11.03%10.36%6.5%

The Bank is considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The table below shows the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31,Variance
20232022%
(Dollars in thousands)
Oriental Bank Regulatory Capital Ratios:
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.01%12.36%5.26%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$1,075,487$933,49415.2%
Minimum capital requirement (4.5%)$371,913$339,9109.4%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$206,618$188,8399.4%
Minimum to be well capitalized (6.5%)$537,208$490,9819.4%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.01%12.36%5.3%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$1,075,487$933,49415.2%
Minimum capital requirement (6%)$495,884$453,2149.4%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$206,618$188,8399.4%
Minimum to be well capitalized (8%)$661,179$604,2859.4%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets14.27%13.61%4.8%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,179,164$1,028,12614.7%
Minimum capital requirement (8%)$661,179$604,2859.4%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$206,618$188,8399.4%
Minimum to be well capitalized (10%)$826,474$755,3569.4%
Total Tier 1 Capital to Average Total Assets10.20%9.42%8.3%
Actual tier 1 capital$1,075,487$933,49415.2%
Minimum capital requirement (4%)$421,660$396,5256.3%
Minimum to be well capitalized (5%)$527,075$495,6566.3%

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OFG’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “OFG.” At December 31, 2023 and 2022, OFG’s market capitalization for its outstanding common stock was $1.764 billion ($37.48 per share) and $1.311 billion ($27.56 per share), respectively.

The following table provides the high and low prices and dividends per share of OFG’s common stock for each quarter of the last three calendar years:

Cash
PriceDividend
HighLowPer share
2023
December 31, 2023$38.29$28.67$0.22
September 30, 2023$33.82$26.14$0.22
June 30, 2023$27.80$22.80$0.22
March 31, 2023$30.42$24.37$0.22
2022
December 31, 2022$28.90$25.50$0.20
September 30, 2022$29.45$24.66$0.20
June 30, 2022$29.22$25.40$0.15
March 31, 2022$30.54$26.21$0.15
2021
December 31, 2021$27.33$23.84$0.12
September 30, 2021$25.66$20.04$0.12
June 30, 2021$25.14$21.61$0.08
March 31, 2021$22.93$16.48$0.08

In January 2022, OFG announced the approval by the Board of Directors of a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $100 million of its outstanding shares of common stock. The shares of common stock repurchased are held by OFG as treasury shares. During 2023, OFG repurchased 743,699 shares for a total of $18.7 million at an average price of $25.08 per share. During 2022, OFG repurchased 2,351,868 shares for a total of $64.1 million, at an average price of $27.26 per share. During 2021, OFG repurchased 2,052,429 shares under the $50.0 million repurchase program approved at that time for a total of $49.9 million, at an average price of $24.29 per share. OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during 2023, 2022 and 2021, other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase program.

At December 31, 2023 the number of shares that may yet be purchased under the $100 million stock buyback program is estimated at 459,898 and was calculated by dividing the remaining balance of $17.2 million by $37.48 (closing price of OFG’s common stock at December 31, 2023).

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FY 2022 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001030469-23-000010.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2023-02-24. Report date: 2022-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Note about Forward-Looking Statements,” Part I, Item 1 “Business,” Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K. We have omitted discussion of 2020 results where it would be redundant to the discussion previously included in Item 7 of our 2021 annual report on Form 10-K. For our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020, see Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our 2021 annual report on Form 10-K.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Natural Events

During 2022, OFG was impacted by the effects of Hurricane Fiona, which caused power outages, widespread flooding, water and communication services interruptions, property damages in some areas, and disrupted economic activity throughout Puerto Rico. Although OFG’s business operations were temporarily disrupted by the damages to Puerto Rico’s critical infrastructure, OFG’s digital channels, core banking and electronic funds transfer systems continued to function uninterrupted during and after the hurricane, and within days after the hurricane, OFG was able to open its main offices and many of its branches and automated teller machines (“ATMs”) in addition to its digital and phone trade channels, and shortly after, business activity began to return to pre-Hurricane Fiona levels.

Banking service revenues for 2022 were impacted due to Hurricane Fiona’s temporary effect on economic activity and OFG’s decision to provide relief to our clients by waiving late charges and other fees. OFG incurred $1.6 million in expenses related to this event. Also, based on our assessments for the impact of the hurricane on our credit portfolio, 2022 results included higher qualitative reserves mainly from $1.1 million in loan loss provision, pre-tax. In addition, as a result of the effects of Hurricane Fiona and Puerto Rico being declared a disaster zone by local and federal authorities, OFG granted loan payment accommodations to certain qualified borrowers in order to provide them with flexibility to address the hurricane’s immediate impact. Furthermore, for its business banking segment, OFG granted loans up to $50,000 with

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three months of interest-only payments followed by up to thirty-three payments of principal and interest. At December 31, 2022, the total loans outstanding under the payment accommodations program amounted to $33.1 million.

Capital Actions

2022 Capital Actions

In January 2022, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.15 per common share from $0.12 per share, beginning on the quarter ended March 31, 2022. Subsequently, in July 2022, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved a new increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.20 per common share, beginning on the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

In January 2022, the Board of Directors also approved a new stock repurchase program to purchase $100 million of its common stock in the open market. At December 31, 2022, OFG has repurchased 2.4 million shares of common stock for $64.1 million. OFG expects to continue to execute this repurchase program to the extent favorable market opportunities exist at the relevant point in time.

Announcement of Forthcoming 2023 Capital Actions

In January 2023, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend to $0.22 per common share from $0.20 per share, beginning on the quarter ending March 31, 2023.

Economic Conditions

Since March 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has affected our communities and the way we do business, as well as economic activity globally, nationally and locally. Within the last year, as restrictions related to the pandemic eased in the United States, employment increased and pent-up demand was released, which together with Covid-19 lockdowns in foreign jurisdictions created global supply chain issues and shortages of goods, which in turn triggered price inflation. In an effort to address inflation, the Federal Open Market Committee of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”) has tightened monetary policy and increased the federal funds rate seven times during fiscal year 2022, with the last increase of 2022 made on December 14, 2022 of 50 basis points. In February 1, 2023, the FRB furthered increased federal funds rate by 25 basis points updating the federal funds target rate range between 4.50% to 4.75% and FRB officials forecast the federal funds target rate will continue to increase during 2023. In addition, the FRB has also scaled back its asset purchase program that provided liquidity to the bond markets.

Adding to economic uncertainty and increased inflationary pressures are military actions taken by Russia against Ukraine commencing in February 2022, which have added further stress to existing supply chain challenges and placed upward price pressure on commodities such as oil and natural gas, which have further exacerbated the global macroeconomic uncertainty and increased inflationary pressures. However, we believe that the macroeconomic outlook for Puerto Rico continues to show strength, notwithstanding the effects of Hurricane Fiona. Recent data show that the Puerto Rico Economic Activity Index, as published by the Economic Development Bank for Puerto Rico, has been increasing for over a year which we believe signals a stable upward trend as employment gains remains solid. Our commercial clients are experiencing a higher demand for their products and services. Consumer demand also remains strong and, following five years of bankruptcy proceedings under Title III of PROMESA, the Puerto Rico central government has begun to implement the plan of adjustment approved by the Title III bankruptcy court on January 18, 2022, setting the stage for its exit from bankruptcy. Nevertheless, there remain several public instrumentalities whose debt obligations have not been restructured under the mechanisms provided by PROMESA and any recovery of the Puerto Rico economy could be adversely impacted by macroeconomic developments within the United States and across the globe. The global macroeconomic outlook continues to remain uncertain and, at this time, OFG cannot reasonably estimate the scope, term or intensity of any possible adverse impact on our financial position, operations or liquidity, resulting from economic disruption and uncertainty related to Covid-19 variants, economic recessions, trade and supply chain disruption, continuing inflationary pressures, labor shortages, armed conflicts such as the ongoing military actions against Ukraine, and the uncertainty of the timing and extent of potential actions that might be taken by the FRB. However, we believe that the high levels of reconstruction and stimulus funds being channeled towards the Puerto Rico economy are mitigating the foregoing negative effects.

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LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rates

In July 2017, the Chief Executive of the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that the FCA intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. However, the administrator of LIBOR has proposed to extend publication of the most commonly used U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings until June 30, 2023 and has ceased publishing other LIBOR settings on December 31, 2021.

Although OFG believes that its exposure to LIBOR is not material, as it represents only 3.1% of total assets, LIBOR-based contracts that will be impacted by the cessation of LIBOR have been under review to ensure they contain adequate fallback language. OFG has also been proactively working to transition to alternative reference rates (“ARR”) and/or fallback language in both existing as well as new contracts to prepare for the cessation of LIBOR. Furthermore, management has established a LIBOR transition team to lead OFG in the execution of its project plan and is monitoring the development and adoption of Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) alternatives as well as other credit sensitive ARR and their liquidity in the market. OFG is also working towards business and system readiness to originate SOFR-based loans.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The accounting and reporting policies followed by OFG conform with GAAP and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management's historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these judgments, assumptions and estimates. The following critical accounting estimate involves significant estimation uncertainty that has or is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. A discussion of OFG’s significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting estimate described below, can be found in “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with this section.

Allowance for Credit Losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment

The most critical and complex accounting estimate is associated with the determination of the allowance for credit losses. The provision for credit losses charged to current operations is based on this determination. The allowance for credit losses represents management’s best estimate deemed appropriate to provide current expected future credit losses in the portfolio as of the date of the reporting period. OFG adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326) as of January 1, 2020. The total allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, which included loans evaluated on a collective basis, was calculated consistent with our adopted policy.

OFG’s management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis following a systematic methodology in order to provide for inherent risks in the loan portfolio. In developing its assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, OFG must rely on estimates and exercise judgment regarding matters where the ultimate outcome is unknown, such as economic developments affecting specific customers, industries or markets. Other factors that can affect management’s estimates are the key drivers used for each macroeconomic scenario, the macroeconomic scenarios selected, and the weighting given to each scenario, among others. Significant changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, in economic conditions, in historical loss experience, and in the condition of the various markets in which collateral may be sold may all affect the required level of the allowance for credit losses. Consequently, the business, financial condition, liquidity, capital and results of operations could also be affected.

The Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) estimation requires management to use relevant forward-looking economic forecasts, by using variables such as unemployment rate, gross national product, retail sales, and house price index, including in the application of reasonable and supportable forecasts. ACL estimations are performed by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics.

OFG applied a discounted cash flow (DCF) method for non-purchased credit deteriorated loans (non-PCD) and an undiscounted cash flow (UDCF) method for purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) loans to determine the allowance for credit losses for loans collectively measured for impairment, except for credit cards and overdrafts which utilize a remaining life methodology. For non-PCD, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan and discounted using the effective yield. The discounted amount of expected cash flows is compared to the amortized cost, and any shortfall is recorded as a reserve. For PCD loans, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan pool, pool reserve is calculated

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by the aggregation of total loss from the UDCF. Expected cash flows are resulted from applying the contractual payment term, probability of defaults, loss given defaults, and prepayment assumptions.

Management’s judgment is required in selecting the macroeconomic scenarios and the weighting of the economic scenarios, which consist of baseline and moderate recession scenarios, giving more weight to the baseline scenario, except for the US loan segment that used the same level of probability in both economic scenarios, as of December 31, 2022. Management selects the macroeconomic forecast that is most reflective of expectations at that point in time. The applicability of qualitative adjustments includes adjustments of inherent risk not captured by the quantitative model.

OFG’s sensitivity analysis does not represent management’s view of expected credit losses at December 31, 2022. OFG evaluated sensitivities by applying 100% weight to baseline and moderate recession scenarios. The impact of assigning a 100% weight to the baseline scenario was a hypothetical decrease of 3% to the collective ACL, and the impact of assigning a 100% weight to the moderate recession scenario was a hypothetical increase of 6% to the collective ACL. These hypothetical sensitivities do not incorporate the impact of management’s judgment for qualitative factors applied in the current ACL for loans. It is possible that others performing similar sensitivity analyses could reach different conclusions or results. The sensitivity analysis excludes the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures.

For a detailed description of the principal factors used to determine the allowance for credit losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment and for the principal enhancement’s management made to its methodology, please refer to “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” and “Note 6 – Loans” to the consolidated financial statements.

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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

We believe that Puerto Rico businesses and consumers remain in good financial shape. We look forward to a year of continued progress in 2023, keeping a watchful eye to uncertainties from FRB interest rate actions, inflation, and the forecasted mainland recession. We owe a debt of thanks to our team members for their continued dedication, tireless commitment to sales and service, and purposeful drive to bring financial progress to our customers and the communities we serve every day.

Fourth Quarter of 2022:

The fourth quarter of 2022 reflected total core revenue growth of 7.3% when compared to the third quarter of 2022. Key performance metrics improved, with return on average assets of 1.86%, return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity of 20.36%, and an efficiency ratio of 54.45%. Tangible Book Value per share increased to $19.56.

Earnings per share (“EPS”) diluted was $0.97 compared to $0.87 in the third quarter of 2022 and $0.66 in the fourth quarter of 2021. Total core revenues were $168.3 million compared to $156.8 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $141.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Net interest income of $135.3 million compared to $126.5 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $104.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Net interest margin expanded to 5.69% from 5.23% in the third quarter of 2022, reflecting FRB interest rate increases, along with increased investment and loan balances.

Interest income of $145.7 million compared to $134.7 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $112.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Compared to the third quarter of 2022, the fourth quarter of 2022 benefited from higher yields on increased average balances of loans and investment securities.

Total interest expense of $10.4 million compared to $8.2 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $8.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Compared to the third quarter of 2022, the fourth quarter of 2022 reflected an 11-basis point cost-increase, partially offset by a 1.8% balance decline.

Banking and financial service revenues of $33.0 million compared to $30.3 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $36.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. The fourth quarter of 2022 reflected higher electronic banking activity and higher gain on sale of mortgages compared to the third quarter of 2022, which was impacted by the interruption of services due to Hurricane Fiona.

Pre-provision net revenues were $76.9 million compared to $69.6 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $55.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Provision for credit losses of $8.8 million compared to $7.1 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $7.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. The fourth quarter of 2022 reflected $9.2 million in higher provision due to increased loan volume and a net release of $0.4 million mainly related to reduction in the qualitative adjustment due to the improved macro-economic environment in Puerto Rico as well as stable delinquency trends.

Credit quality: Net charge offs were $11.2 million compared to $11.3 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $32.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. The fourth quarter of 2022 reflected net-charge offs of $5.4 million for auto loans, $4.0 million for consumer loans, and $3.3 million for a commercial loan previously reserved. Total delinquency rates and the non-performing loan rate for the fourth quarter of 2022 fell from the third quarter of 2022. Net charge-offs for the fourth quarter of 2021 reflected the decision to sell $65.5 million of past due loans.

Non-interest expenses were $91.6 million compared to $87.5 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $86.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Compared to the third quarter of 2022, the fourth quarter of 2022 reflected higher compensation expense due to hourly salary increases implemented in the previous quarter, increases in year-end performance bonuses, and added technology staffing; increased amortization related to new digital projects; and reduced Hurricane Fiona-related expenses.

Loans held for investment were $6.84 billion at December 31, 2022 compared to $6.68 billion at September 30, 2022 and $6.40 billion at December 31, 2021. Loans increased by 2.3% from September 30, 2022 and 6.8% from December 31, 2021. Compared to the third quarter of 2022, the fourth quarter of 2022 loan growth reflected increased balances of commercial, auto, and consumer loans.

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New loan origination was $616.4 million compared to $511.3 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $632.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. Compared to the third quarter of 2022, the fourth quarter of 2022 originations increased 20.5%, reflecting strong production of commercial loans in Puerto Rico and the mainland United States, and continued high levels of auto loans at a record $221.4 million.

Total investments of $1.97 billion at December 31, 2022 compared to $2.04 billion at September 30, 2022 and $895.8 million at December 31, 2021. Investments declined by 3.5% from the third quarter of 2022 due to sales of U.S. Treasury securities and paydowns of mortgage-backed securities.

Customer deposits of $8.56 billion at December 31, 2022 compared to $8.84 billion at September 30, 2022 and $8.59 billion at December 31, 2021. Core deposits declined by $286.8 million from September 30, 2022 reflecting lower account balances of approximately $115 million in retail and of $172 million in commercial, including $59 million in public funds.

Total assets of $9.82 billion at December 31, 2022 compared to $10.06 billion at September 30, 2022 and $9.90 billion at December 31, 2021.

Capital: CET1 ratio was 13.64% at December 31, 2022 compared to 13.38% at September 30, 2022 and 13.77% at December 31, 2021. The change from the third quarter of 2022 reflected increased retained earnings and other comprehensive income. Tangible book value per share was $19.56 at December 31, 2022 compared to $18.46 at September 30, 2022 and $19.08 at December 31, 2021.

Year Ended 2022:

EPS diluted was $3.44 for 2022 compared to $2.81 for 2021. Total core revenues were $607.8 million in 2022 compared to $536.6 million in 2021. The fourth quarter of 2022 annual insurance commission recognition of $1.0 million was $1.2 million lower than a year ago due to Hurricane Fiona-related claims.

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Selected income statement and balance sheet data and key performance indicators are presented in the tables below:

OFG Bancorp
FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
EARNINGS DATA:(In thousands, except per share data)
Interest income$515,573$449,199$473,347
Interest expense33,49341,82964,915
Net interest income482,080407,370408,432
Provision for credit losses24,11922192,672
Net interest income after provision for credit losses457,961407,149315,760
Non-interest income131,690133,210124,352
Non-interest expenses345,546325,756345,286
Income before taxes244,105214,60394,826
Income tax expense77,86668,45220,499
Net income166,239146,15174,327
Less: dividends on preferred stock(1,255)(6,512)
Income available to common shareholders$166,239$144,896$67,815
PER SHARE DATA:
Basic$3.46$2.85$1.32
Diluted$3.44$2.81$1.32
Average common shares outstanding48,03350,95651,358
Average common shares outstanding and equivalents48,43651,37051,555
Cash dividends declared per common share$0.700.400.28
Cash dividends declared on common shares$33,59320,50514,381
PERFORMANCE RATIOS:
Return on average assets (ROA)1.64%1.42%0.77%
Return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity17.98%15.70%8.10%
Return on average common equity (ROE)15.95%13.80%6.96%
Equity-to-assets ratio10.62%10.80%11.05%
Efficiency ratio56.85%60.70%66.49%
Interest rate spread5.02%4.18%4.51%
Interest rate margin5.05%4.20%4.55%

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December 31,
202220212020
PERIOD END BALANCES AND CAPITAL RATIOS:(In thousands, except per share data)
Investments and loans
Investment securities$1,971,522$895,818$458,700
Loans, net6,723,2366,329,3116,501,259
Total investments and loans$8,694,758$7,225,129$6,959,959
Deposits and borrowings
Deposits$8,568,364$8,603,118$8,415,640
Other borrowings27,03464,571102,351
Total deposits and borrowings$8,595,398$8,667,689$8,517,991
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock$$$92,000
Common stock59,88559,88559,885
Additional paid-in capital636,793637,061622,652
Legal surplus133,901117,677103,269
Retained earnings516,371399,949300,096
Treasury stock, at cost(211,135)(150,572)(102,949)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income(93,409)5,16011,022
Total stockholders’ equity$1,042,406$1,069,160$1,085,975
Per share data
Book value per common share$21.91$21.54$19.54
Tangible book value per common share$19.56$19.08$16.97
Market price$27.56$26.56$18.54
Capital ratios
Leverage capital10.36%9.69%10.30%
Common equity Tier 1 capital13.64%13.77%13.08%
Tier 1 risk-based capital13.64%14.27%14.78%
Total risk-based capital14.89%15.52%16.04%
Financial assets managed
Trust assets managed$2,334,672$3,758,895$3,476,491
Broker-dealer assets gathered2,172,1162,466,0042,474,234
Total assets managed$4,506,788$6,224,899$5,950,725

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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables show major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, their respective interest income, expenses, yields and costs, and their impact on net interest income due to changes in volume and rates for 2022 and 2021.

TABLE 1 - ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME AND CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME/RATE

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021

InterestAverage rateAverage balance
December 2022December 2021December 2022December 2021December 2022December 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
A - TAX EQUIVALENT SPREAD
Interest-earning assets$515,573$449,1995.40%4.64%$9,544,055$9,688,890
Tax equivalent adjustment14,6799,3500.15%0.10%
Interest-earning assets - tax equivalent530,252458,5495.55%4.74%9,544,0559,688,890
Interest-bearing liabilities33,49341,8290.38%0.46%8,902,4279,043,126
Tax equivalent net interest income / spread496,759416,7205.17%4.28%641,628645,764
Tax equivalent interest rate margin5.32%4.38%
B - NORMAL SPREAD
Interest-earning assets:
Investments:
Investment securities40,72212,1802.55%1.78%1,594,662684,476
Interest bearing cash and money market investments14,6893,2311.14%0.13%1,291,6332,466,926
Total investments55,41115,4111.92%0.49%2,886,2953,151,402
Non-PCD loans
Mortgage36,88140,2705.42%5.27%680,768764,153
Commercial138,715115,6845.90%5.42%2,349,1142,134,805
Consumer58,18145,66911.28%11.21%515,781407,403
Auto loans and leases147,557136,4458.17%8.45%1,805,9761,614,825
Total Non-PCD loans381,334338,0687.13%6.87%5,351,6394,921,186
PCD loans
Mortgage66,61077,2526.02%5.77%1,106,7081,338,062
Commercial11,11216,2135.86%6.29%189,606257,820
Consumer15523814.03%14.98%1,1021,592
Auto loans and leases9512,01710.94%10.71%8,70518,828
Total PCD loans78,82895,7206.04%5.92%1,306,1211,616,302
Total loans (1)460,162433,7886.91%6.64%6,657,7606,537,488
Total interest-earning assets515,573449,1995.40%4.64%9,544,0559,688,890

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InterestAverage rateAverage balance
December 2022December 2021December 2022December 2021December 2022December 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
NOW Accounts11,2919,1790.41%0.35%2,761,6532,623,358
Savings and money market6,4707,1490.28%0.32%2,306,6072,233,824
Time deposits7,94315,1300.69%1.01%1,143,4691,499,457
Total core deposits25,70431,4580.41%0.49%6,211,7296,356,639
Brokered deposits352060.30%0.80%11,36625,664
25,73931,6640.41%0.50%6,223,0956,382,303
Non-interest bearing deposits%%2,647,8712,566,924
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations6,5007,350%%
Total deposits32,23939,0140.36%0.44%8,870,9668,949,227
Borrowings:
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings7331,6412.67%2.84%27,49757,816
Subordinated capital notes5211,17413.15%3.25%3,96436,083
Total borrowings1,2542,8153.99%3.00%31,46193,899
Total interest-bearing liabilities33,49341,8290.38%0.46%8,902,4279,043,126
Net interest income / spread$482,080$407,3705.02%4.18%
Interest rate margin5.05%4.20%
Excess of average interest-earning assets over average interest-bearing liabilities$641,628$645,764
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities ratio107.21%107.14%
(1) Includes loans held for sale and excludes allowance for credit losses. Nonperforming loans are included in the respective average loan balances. Income on these nonperforming loans is generally recognized on a cost recovery basis.

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C - CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME DUE TO:

VolumeRateTotal
(In thousands)
Interest Income:
Investment securities$22,705$5,837$28,542
Interest-bearing cash and money market investments(2,230)13,68811,458
Loans9,22017,15426,374
Total interest income29,69536,67966,374
Interest Expense:
NOW Accounts5031,6092,112
Savings and money market227(906)(679)
Time deposits(3,346)(3,841)(7,187)
Brokered deposits(81)(90)(171)
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations(850)(850)
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings(814)(94)(908)
Subordinated capital notes(1,765)1,112(653)
Total interest expense(5,276)(3,060)(8,336)
Net Interest Income$34,971$39,739$74,710

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is a function of the difference between rates earned on OFG’s interest-earning assets and rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate spread) and the relative amounts of its interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate margin). OFG constantly monitors the composition and re-pricing of its assets and liabilities to maintain its net interest income at adequate levels.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Net interest income of $482.1 million increased by $74.7 million from $407.4 million. Tax equivalent basis net interest income of $496.8 million increased $80.1 million, or 19.2%, from $416.7 million.

Interest rate spread increased by 84 basis points to 5.02% from 4.18% and net interest margin increased 85 basis points to 5.05% from 4.20%. This increase reflects an increase of 76 basis points in the total average yield of interest-earning assets and a reduction in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities of 8 basis points.

Net interest income was positively impacted by:

•A $28.5 million increase in interest income from investment securities, primarily related to a higher average volume of $910.2 million from purchases of FNMA and FHLMC certificates and US Treasury securities during 2022, which resulted in an increase in interest income of approximately $22.7 million, and higher yield by 77 basis points, which contributed to the increase in net interest income by approximately $5.8 million;

•A $26.4 million increase in interest income from loans driven by: (i) higher interest income from commercial loans of $17.9 million, primarily related to the upward repricing of variable rate commercial loans and increased yields on new loans originated during 2022; (ii) higher interest income from consumer loans of $12.4 million mainly due to an increase in the average balance of this portfolio of $107.9 million; and (iii) higher interest income from auto loans of $10.0 million reflecting higher originations during 2022; partially offset by a decrease of $14.0 million in interest income from mortgage loans due to a reduction of $314.7 million in the average balance of this portfolio;

•A $11.5 million increase in interest income from higher yield in lower balances of interest-bearing cash and money market related to the increase in FRB fund rates during 2022; and

•Lower interest expense by $8.3 million, reflecting a reduction of $140.7 million in the average balances of total deposits and borrowings and a reduction of 8 basis points in total cost of interest-bearing liabilities, which resulted in an increase in net interest income of approximately $5.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

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TABLE 2 - NON-INTEREST INCOME SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20222021Variance %
(In thousands)
Banking service revenue$71,161$71,706(0.8)%
Wealth management revenue32,63535,044(6.9)%
Mortgage banking activities21,92922,508(2.6)%
Total banking and financial service revenue125,725129,258(2.7)%
Net (loss) gain on:
Sale of securities(247)19(1,400.0)%
Early extinguishment of debt42(1,481)-102.8%
Other non-interest income6,1705,41414.0%
Total non-interest income$131,690$133,210(1.1)%

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income is affected by fees generated from loans and deposit accounts, the amount of assets under management of the Bank’s trust department, transactions generated by clients’ financial assets serviced by OFG’s securities broker-dealer, insurance agency and reinsurance subsidiaries, the level of mortgage banking activities, and gains on sales of assets.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

OFG recorded non-interest income in the amount of $131.7 million, compared to $133.2 million, a decrease of 1.1%, or $1.5 million. The decrease in non-interest income was mainly due to:

•A decrease of $2.4 million in wealth management revenue, primarily related to a $1.4 million decrease in broker-dealer revenues, a $1.3 million decrease in trust division fees from lower balances in assets under management, and a $1.2 million decrease in contingent annual commissions due to Hurricane Fiona-related claims, partially offset by a $1.5 million increase in income from the reinsurance business;

•A decrease of $579 thousand in mortgage-banking activities due to lower net gain on sales of $6.0 million, driven by lower sales volume, offset by an increase of $3.4 million related to higher gain in repurchased loans and higher servicing fees by $1.4 million;

•A decrease of $545 thousand in banking service revenues, primarily related to lower electronic banking charges by $1.3 million reflecting lower debit card interchange fees from lower debit card utilization, lower merchant- related income due to business disruptions caused by Hurricane Fiona during the third quarter of 2022, and lower fees from account analysis services. This decrease was partially offset by increases of $469 thousand in checking and savings account fees and $255 thousand in credit life commissions associated to higher consumer loan production during 2022; and

•A $247 thousand loss associated with the sale of $242.4 million US Treasury securities during 2022.

These decreases were partially offset by:

•The effect in 2021 of a $1.5 million loss recorded for the early termination of $33.3 million in Federal Home Loan Bank advances with an average cost of 2.98%; and

•An increase of $756 thousand in other non-interest income, primarily related to a $4.6 million gain recognized on the sale of a branch building during 2022; partially offset by a $2.4 million warrant revenue and a $1.5 million receivable recoveries written-off in the Scotiabank Acquisition, both recorded during 2021.

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TABLE 3 - NON-INTEREST EXPENSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20222021Variance %
(In thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits$142,930$133,4427.1%
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs51,30850,1582.3%
Electronic banking charges39,55437,2026.3%
Information technology expenses21,89118,96515.4%
Professional and service fees24,84220,08023.7%
Taxes, other than payroll and income taxes12,99913,829-6.0%
Insurance9,89810,092-1.9%
Loan servicing and clearing expenses9,1617,60420.5%
Advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives8,2406,99917.7%
Communication4,2964,555-5.7%
Printing, postage, stationery and supplies3,5634,037-11.7%
Director and investor relations1,1251,135-0.9%
Climate event expenses1,574100.0%
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income, net(2,074)(3,007)31.0%
Other16,23920,665-21.4%
Total non-interest expenses$345,546$325,7566.1%
Relevant ratios and data:
Efficiency ratio56.85%60.70%
Compensation and benefits to non-interest expense41.36%40.96%
Compensation to average total assets owned1.41%1.29%
Number of employees end of year2,2532,269
Average number of employees2,2492,251
Average compensation per employee (in thousands)$63.55$59.28
Average loans per average employee$2,960$2,904

Non-Interest Expenses

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Non-interest expense was $345.5 million, representing an increase of 6.1%, or $19.8 million, compared to $325.8 million. The increase in non-interest expenses was mainly due to:

•Increase in compensation and employee benefits of $9.5 million, primarily related to a one-time $1.3 million pandemic employee tax credit in the prior year, increases in minimum hourly wages and annual salaries in the current year, higher provision for bonuses and added technology staffing as part of OFG’s “Digital First” strategy;

•Increase in professional and service fees expenses of $4.8 million, reflecting higher balances in compliance related expenses due to greater levels of business activity and supervisory examination fees by $4.6 million and $1.1 million, respectively, partially offset by lower balances in legal expenses related to residential mortgage loan servicing by $792 thousand;

•Increase of $2.9 million in information technology expenses driven by higher cloud computing expenses, cyber security expenses and new digital projects;

•Increase in electronic banking charges of $2.4 million mainly due to increases of $1.1 million in debit and credit card billing fees, $820 thousand in point-of-sale (“POS”) and merchant-related fees, and $458 thousand in ATM/Interactive Teller Machines (“ITMs”)-related expenses due to higher transaction volume and new ITMs in 2022;

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•Increase in climate event expenses of $1.6 million related to expenses incurred by OFG to operate in disaster response mode and provide assistance to employees and the communities it serves after Hurricane Fiona in 2022;

•Increase of $1.6 million in loan servicing and clearing expenses, including the impact of $750 thousand related to the termination of a mortgage servicing contract for loans in portfolio with an unpaid principal balance of $473.7 million;

•Increase of $1.2 million in advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives driven by increase marketing campaigns and digital marketing efforts made during 2022;

•Increase in occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs by $1.2 million reflecting higher balances in depreciation and amortization expenses due to new digital projects placed in production during 2022 and software maintenance expenses, partially offset by lower internet service expenses and rent expenses related to branch consolidations;

•Lower foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income of $933 thousand reflecting lower gain on sales of foreclosed and other repossessed assets, partially offset by lower credit-related expenses; and

•Increase in charitable contributions of $572 thousand.

The increase in non-interest expense was partially offset by:

•Decrease in claims and settlement accruals of $3.1 million in the broker-dealer subsidiary;

•Decrease of $3.1 million in COVID-19-related expenses; and

•Decrease in taxes, other than payroll and income taxes by $830 thousand reflecting lower balances in license tax expenses and property and municipal taxes, as a result of changes in tax law.

The efficiency ratio was 56.85% and improved from 60.70%. The efficiency ratio measures how much of OFG’s revenues is used to pay operating expenses. OFG computes its efficiency ratio by dividing non-interest expenses by the sum of its net interest income and non-interest income, but excluding gains on the sale of investment securities, derivatives gains or losses, other gains and losses, and other income that may be considered volatile in nature. Management believes that the exclusion of those items permits consistent comparability. Amounts presented as part of non-interest income that are excluded from the efficiency ratio computation for 2022 and 2021 amounted to $6.0 million and $4.0 million, respectively.

Provision for Credit Losses

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Provision for credit losses increased $23.9 million to $24.1 million from $221 thousand. The provision for credit losses for 2022 reflected a provision of $25.9 million related to the growth in loan balances, a provision of $11.8 million related to commercial-specific loan reserves due to certain commercial loans placed in non-accrual status, and a provision of $1.9 million for changes in the economic and loss rate models, offset by a $15.2 million release associated with qualitative adjustment due to improvement in the performance of the portfolios and in Puerto Rico’s labor market and $288 thousand release in other miscellaneous reserves. The provision for credit losses for 2021 reflected improvements in macro-economic scenarios and continued improvement in asset quality trends, partially offset by an additional expense of $9.7 million related to the decision to sell $65.5 million of past due loans.

Income Tax Expense

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Income tax expense increased $9.4 million to $77.9 million from $68.5 million. The income tax expense for 2022 reflects greater income before taxes, increase in foreign tax withholding due to higher income from U.S. Bank subsidiary subject to lower tax rate and lower net exempt income.

Refer to “Note 18 - Income Taxes” to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the income tax expense.

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TABLE 4 - BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Year Ended December 31, 2022
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotalEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$465,177$21$56,955$522,153$(6,580)$515,573
Interest expense(31,926)(8,147)(40,073)6,580(33,493)
Net interest income433,2512148,808482,080482,080
Provision for credit losses24,111824,11924,119
Non-interest income98,40733,481(198)131,690131,690
Non-interest expenses(323,125)(19,206)(3,215)(345,546)(345,546)
Intersegment revenue2,1872,187(2,187)
Intersegment expenses(1,497)(690)(2,187)2,187
Income before income taxes$186,609$12,799$44,697$244,105$$244,105
Income tax expense77,731973877,86677,866
Net income$108,878$12,702$44,659$166,239$$166,239
Total assets$8,347,767$23,085$2,432,549$10,803,401$(984,621)$9,818,780

Eliminations include interest income and expense for a borrowing by Oriental Overseas, which is included in the Treasury Segment with its corresponding interest expense, to fund its operations, from the Bank, which is included in the Banking Segment with its corresponding interest income, with an unpaid principal balance of $470.2 million and $262.9 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and is eliminated in the consolidation. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. The increase in interest income and interest expense from previous year was mainly as a result of FRB interest rate increases and higher average borrowing balance.

Year Ended December 31, 2021
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotalEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$432,375$30$17,072$449,477$(278)$449,199
Interest expense(38,711)(3,396)(42,107)278(41,829)
Net interest income393,6643013,676407,370407,370
Provision for (recapture of) credit losses1,342(1,121)221221
Non-interest income98,95035,625(1,365)133,210133,210
Non-interest expenses(300,568)(20,941)(4,247)(325,756)(325,756)
Intersegment revenue2,3552,355(2,355)
Intersegment expenses(1,269)(1,086)(2,355)2,355
Income before income taxes$193,059$13,445$8,099$214,603$$214,603
Income tax expense68,4094368,45268,452
Net income$124,650$13,445$8,056$146,151$$146,151
Total assets$8,041,725$32,082$2,894,612$10,968,419$(1,068,699)$9,899,720

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Business Segments

OFG segregates its businesses into the following segments: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury. Management established the reportable segments based on the internal reporting used to evaluate performance and to assess where to allocate resources. Other factors such as OFG’s organization, nature of its products, distribution channels and economic characteristics of its services were also considered in the determination of the reportable segments. OFG measures the performance of these reportable segments based on pre-established goals of different financial parameters such as net income, net interest income, loan production, and fees generated. OFG’s methodology for allocating non-interest expenses among segments is based on several factors such as revenue, employee headcount, occupied space, dedicated services or time, among others. Following are the results of operations and the selected financial information by operating segment for 2022 and 2021.

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Banking

OFG’s banking segment net income before taxes decreased by $6.5 million from $193.1 million to $186.6 million, mainly reflecting:

•Increase in provision for credit losses by $22.8 million. The provision for credit losses for 2022 increased mainly as a result of growth in loan balances and commercial-specific loan reserves due to certain commercial loans placed in non-accrual status. The provision for credit losses for 2021 reflected improvements in macro-economic scenarios and continued improvement in asset quality trends as the Covid-19 pandemic conditions improved.

•Increase in non-interest expenses by $22.6 million, mainly due to higher compensation and employee benefits by $9.8 million from salary increases and added technology staffing, higher compliance related professional expenses and electronic banking charges by $4.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively, due to greater levels of business activity, as well as $2.8 million higher technology expenses related to digital transformation, and $1.6 million in climate event expenses from Hurricane Fiona.

The decreases in the banking segment’s net income were partially offset by:

•Increase of $32.8 million in interest income from loans, driven by increased yields on higher loan balances; and

•Lower interest expense on deposits by $6.8 million, mainly related to both, lower average balances and reduced costs of core deposits.

Wealth Management

Wealth management segment revenue consists of commissions and fees from fiduciary activities, securities brokerage and insurance activities. Net income before taxes from this segment decreased by $646 thousand reflecting a decrease of $1.4 million in broker-dealer revenues, a $1.3 million decrease in trust division fees from lower balances in assets under management, and a $1.2 million decrease in contingent commissions due to Hurricane Fiona-related claims, partially offset by a $1.5 million increase in income from the reinsurance business and lower claims and settlement expenses by $1.7 million.

Treasury

Treasury segment net income before taxes increased by $36.6 million, mainly reflecting:

•Increase in interest income by $39.9 million, reflecting the purchase of agency mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities during the current year and higher yield in lower balances of interest-bearing cash and money market investments related to the increase in federal fund rates; and

•Increase in interest expense by $4.8 million, reflecting higher expense in inter-segment borrowing by $6.2 million as a result of higher average balance and federal funds rate increases during 2022, offset by the cancellation of $33.1 million of FHLB advances during 2021 and the early redemption of $36.1 million subordinated capital notes during 2022.

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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

Assets Owned

At December 31, 2022, OFG’s total assets amounted to $9.819 billion, a decrease of $80.9 million, when compared to $9.900 billion at December 31, 2021.

The investment portfolio increased by $1.076 billion, or 120.1%, primarily related to purchases of available-for-sale agency mortgage-backed securities and US Treasury securities with face value amounting to $843 million and $550 million, respectively, and held-to-maturity US Treasury securities with face value amounting to $200 million during 2022. This increase was partially offset by the sale of available-for-sale US Treasury securities amounting to $242.4 million, net of discounts. OFG’s strategy is to invest its liquidity in highly liquid securities and designate them as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity after taking into account the investment’s characteristics with respect to yield and term and the current market environment.

OFG’s loan portfolio is comprised of residential mortgage loans, commercial loans secured by real estate, other commercial and industrial loans, consumer loans, and auto loans and leases. At December 31, 2022, OFG’s net loan portfolio increased by $393.9 million, or 6.2%, reflecting increases in auto, commercial and consumer loans, partially offset by $84.4 million PPP loans forgiven by the Small Business Administration and the sale of loans held for sale amounting to $25.2 million, including $21.9 million of past due mortgage loans and a $3.3 million commercial loan.

Cash and due from banks of $546.1 million decreased by $1.468 billion, reflecting cash used to purchase agency mortgage-backed securities and US Treasury securities, disbursements for loans originated during 2022, the redemption of $36.1 million in 3.23% variable rate subordinated notes, and lower deposit account balances for commercial and retail accounts.

Financial Assets Managed

At December 31, 2022 OFG’s financial assets include those managed by OFG’s trust division and assets gathered by its securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries. OFG’s trust division offers various types of individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and manages 401(k) and Keogh retirement plans and custodian and corporate trust accounts. At December 31, 2022, the total assets managed by OFG’s trust division amounted to $2.335 billion. At December 31, 2021 the total assets managed by OFG’s trust division and retirement plan administration subsidiary amounted to $3.759 billion. This decrease reflects the sale of the retirement plan administration business managed by OPC during 2022. OFG’s broker-dealer subsidiary offers a wide array of investment alternatives to its client base, such as tax-advantaged fixed income securities, mutual funds, stocks, bonds and money management wrap-fee programs. At December 31, 2022, total assets gathered by the securities broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries from their customers’ investment accounts amounted to $2.172 billion, compared to $2.466 billion at December 31, 2021. Changes in trust and broker-dealer related assets also reflect changes in portfolio balances and differences in market value resulting from the increase in interest rates.

Goodwill

OFG’s goodwill is not amortized to expense but is tested at least annually for impairment. A quantitative annual impairment test is not required if, based on a qualitative analysis, OFG determines that the existence of events and circumstances indicates that it is more likely than not that goodwill is not impaired. OFG completes its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31 of each year. OFG tests for impairment by first allocating its goodwill and other assets and liabilities, as necessary, to defined reporting units. A fair value is then determined for each reporting unit. If the fair values of the reporting units exceed their book values, no write-down of the recorded goodwill is necessary. If the fair values are less than the book values, an additional valuation procedure is necessary to assess the proper carrying value of the goodwill.

As of December 31, 2022, OFG had $84.2 million of goodwill allocated as follows: $84.1 million to the banking segment and $0.1 million to the wealth management segment. As of December 31, 2021, OFG had $86.1 million of goodwill allocated as follows: $84.1 million to the banking segment and $2.0 million to the wealth management segment. On December 30, 2022, OFG sold its retirement plan administration business, which resulted in a decrease in goodwill by $1.8 million. This goodwill was allocated to the wealth management segment. Please refer to “Note 12 – Goodwill and other intangibles” to our consolidated financial statements for more information on the annual goodwill impairment test.

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TABLE 5 - ASSETS SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20222021
(In thousands)
Investments:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates$1,105,551$550,809100.7%
Obligations of US government-sponsored agencies1,183-100.0%
US Treasury securities506,76810,8254,581.5%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies14,85124,430-39.2%
GNMA certificates319,534288,57810.7%
Equity securities23,66717,57834.6%
Other debt securities1,1422,395-52.3%
Trading securities920-55.0%
Total investments1,971,522895,818120.1%
Loans, net6,723,2366,329,3116.2%
Total investments and loans8,694,7587,225,12920.3%
Other assets:
Cash and due from banks (including restricted cash)546,3032,014,698-72.9%
Money market investments4,1618,952-53.5%
Foreclosed real estate11,21415,039-25.4%
Accrued interest receivable62,40256,56010.3%
Deferred tax asset, net55,48599,063-44.0%
Premises and equipment, net106,82092,12416.0%
Servicing assets50,92148,9734.0%
Goodwill84,24186,069-2.1%
Other intangible assets27,59336,093-23.6%
Right of use assets25,36328,846-12.1%
Other assets and customers' liability on acceptances149,519188,174-20.5%
Total other assets1,124,0222,674,591-58.0%
Total assets$9,818,780$9,899,720-0.8%
Investment portfolio composition:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates56.0%61.5%
Obligations of US government-sponsored agencies0.0%0.1%
US Treasury securities25.7%1.2%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies0.8%2.7%
GNMA certificates16.2%32.2%
Equity securities1.2%2.0%
Other debt securities and trading securities0.1%0.3%
100.0%100.0%

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TABLE 6 - LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20222021
(In thousands)
Loans held for investment:
Commercial$2,629,929$2,379,33010.5%
Mortgage1,704,2211,907,271(10.6)%
Consumer537,257409,67531.1%
Auto loans and leases1,963,9151,706,31015.1%
6,835,3226,402,5866.8%
Allowance for credit losses(152,673)(155,937)(2.1)%
Total loans held for investment6,682,6496,246,6497.0%
Mortgage loans held for sale19,49951,096(61.8)%
Other loans held for sale21,08831,566(33.2)%
Total loans, net$6,723,236$6,329,3116.2%

OFG’s loan portfolio is composed of mortgage, commercial, consumer, and auto loans and leases. As shown in Table 6 above, total loans, net, amounted to $6.723 billion at December 31, 2022 and $6.329 billion at December 31, 2021. OFG’s loans held-for-investment portfolio composition and trends were as follows:

•Commercial loan portfolio amounted to $2.630 billion (38.5% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $2.379 billion (37.2% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2021.

Commercial loan production, excluding PPP loans, decreased by 3.7%, or $38.1 million, to $990.3 million in 2022 from $1.028 billion in 2021.

During 2021, OFG originated $159.0 million of PPP loans. There were no originations of PPP loans during 2022, as the program concluded in 2021.

•Mortgage loan portfolio amounted to $1.704 billion (24.9% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $1.907 billion (29.8% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2021. Mortgage loans included delinquent loans in the GNMA buy-back option program amounting to $32.6 million and $14.5 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Under the GNMA program, issuers such as OFG have the option but not the obligation to repurchase loans that are 90 days or more past due. For accounting purposes, these loans subject to the repurchase option are required to be reflected (rebooked) on our financial statements with an offsetting liability.

Mortgage loan production totaled $200.9 million in 2022, which represents a decrease of 44.8% from $364.2 million in 2021. The housing market in Puerto Rico has been greatly impacted by the FRB interest rate increases during 2022, in contrast with 2021 where there was a sudden increase in housing originations as a result of higher liquidity from government funding from Hurricane Maria, earthquakes and Covid-19 pandemic in the Puerto Rico economy combined with low interest rates.

OFG follows a conservative residential mortgage lending policy with more than 90% of its residential mortgage portfolio consisting of fixed-rate, fully amortizing, fully documented loans that do not have the level of risk associated with subprime loans offered by certain major U.S. mortgage loan originators. Furthermore, OFG has never been active in negative amortization loans or offered adjustable-rate mortgage loans with teaser rates.

•Consumer loan portfolio amounted to $537.3 million (7.9% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $409.7 million (6.4% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2021. Consumer loan production increased 69.8% to $334.2 million in 2022 from $196.8 million in 2021.

•Auto loans and leasing portfolio amounted to $1.964 billion (28.7% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $1.706 billion (26.6% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2021. Auto loans production increased by 26.6% to $812.6 million in 2022 compared to $641.7 million in 2021.

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The following table presents the loans held for investment portfolio as of December 31, 2022 by maturities and interest rates:

TABLE 7 - MATURITY DISTRIBUTION OF LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT
Balance Outstanding at December 31, 2022Maturities
One Year or LessAfter One to Five YearsAfter Five Years To 15 YearsAfter 15 Years
Fixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest Rates
(In thousands)
Non-PCD
Mortgage$675,793$21,991$7,472$320$226,492$851$405,314$13,353
Commercial2,470,777638,415668,384713,888174,736211,58135,09928,674
Consumer536,61968,638248,271201,07018,640
Auto loans and leases1,958,25735,051923,838999,368
Total$5,641,446$764,095$1,847,965$714,208$1,601,666$212,432$459,053$42,027
PCD
Mortgage$1,028,428$4,002$13,788$405$414,364$772$581,566$13,531
Commercial159,15244,60796,2525,00495512,25183
Consumer638325412270
Auto loans and leases5,6581,4984,08476
Total$1,193,876$50,432$114,165$5,409$415,397$13,023$581,919$13,531
Total loans$6,835,322$814,527$1,962,130$719,617$2,017,063$225,455$1,040,972$55,558

The following table includes the maturities of OFG’s lending exposure to the Puerto Rico government amounting to $73.7 million, which is limited solely to loans to municipalities secured by ad valorem property taxes, without limitation as to rate or amount, on all taxable property within the issuing municipalities. The good faith, credit and unlimited taxing power of each issuing municipality are pledged for the payment of its general obligations. Deposits from the Puerto Rico government totaled $284.2 million at December 31, 2022.

TABLE 8 - PUERTO RICO GOVERNMENT RELATED LOANS

December 31, 2022
Maturity
Carrying ValueLess than 1 Year1 to 3 YearsMore than 3 Years
Loans:(In thousands)
Municipalities$73,686$8,460$24,157$41,069

At December 31, 2022, OFG has $73.7 million of direct credit exposure to the Puerto Rico government, a $13.6 million decrease from December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2021, total loan exposure to the Puerto Rico government included a $1.1 million PCD loan granted to a public corporation classified as non-accrual, which was repaid during 2022.

Credit Risk Management

Allowance for Credit Losses

OFG measures its allowance for credit losses based on management’s best estimate of future expected credit losses inherent in OFG’s relevant financial assets.

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Tables 9 through 12 set forth an analysis of activity in the allowance for credit losses and present selected credit loss statistics for 2022 and 2021 and as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. In addition, Table 6 sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio.

Please refer to the “Provision for Credit Losses” and “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” sections in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this annual report on Form 10-K and “Note 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a more detailed analysis of provisions and allowance for credit losses.

Non-performing Assets

OFG’s non-performing assets include non-performing loans, foreclosed real estate, and other repossessed assets (see Tables 13 and 15). At December 31, 2022, OFG had $89.6 million of non-accrual loans held for investment, including $9.2 million PCD loans, compared to $101.9 million at December 31, 2021, reflecting decreases of $6.8 million, $6.1 million and $216 thousand in commercial, mortgage and auto loan portfolios, respectively, partially offset by an increase of $825 thousand in the consumer loan portfolio. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, total commercial non-accrual loans excludes $16.4 million and $9.9 million, respectively, of non-accrual commercial loans held for sale.

At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, loans whose terms have been extended and which were classified as troubled-debt restructurings that were not included in non-accrual loans amounted to $145.2 million and $125.9 million, respectively, as they were performing under their modified terms.

Delinquent residential mortgage loans insured or guaranteed under applicable Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) and United States Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) programs are classified as non-performing loans when they become 90 days or more past due but are not placed in non-accrual status until they become 12 months or more past due, since they are insured loans. Therefore, those loans are included as non-performing loans but excluded from non-accrual loans.

At December 31, 2022, OFG’s non-performing assets decreased by 10.3% to $115.7 million (1.18% total assets) from $129.0 million (1.30% of total assets) at December 31, 2021.

Foreclosed real estate decreased from $15.0 million at December 31, 2021 to $11.2 million at December 31, 2022 and other repossessed assets increased from $1.9 million at December 31, 2021 to $4.6 million at December 31, 2022, both recorded at fair value. OFG does not expect non-performing loans to result in significantly higher losses. At December 31, 2022, the allowance coverage ratio to non-performing loans was 152.9% (139.2% at December 31, 2021).

Upon adoption of the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology, OFG elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. As such, for PCD loans the determination of nonaccrual or accrual status is made at the pool level, not the individual loan level. Upon adoption of CECL, the allowance for credit losses was determined for each pool and added to the pool’s carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the non-credit premium or discount which will be amortized interest income over the remaining life of the pool. On a quarterly basis, management will monitor the composition and behavior of the pools to assess the ability for cash flow estimation and timing. If based on the analysis performed the pool is classified as non-accrual, the accretion/amortization of the non-credit (discount) premium will cease.

The following items comprise non-performing loans held for investment, including Non-PCD and PCDs:

Commercial loans - At December 31, 2022, OFG’s non-performing commercial loans amounted to $43.4 million (43.4% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 13.5% decrease from $50.1 million at December 31, 2021 (44.8% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD commercial loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the underlying collateral, if any.

Mortgage loans - At December 31, 2022, OFG’s non-performing mortgage loans totaled $33.8 million (33.8% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 15.0% decrease from $39.7 million (35.5% of OFG’s non-performing loans) at December 31, 2021. During 2022, OFG sold $21.9 million of past due mortgage loans, $4.0 million were included as non-performing assets at December 31, 2021. Non-PCD mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written-down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the collateral underlying the loan, except for FHA and VA insured mortgage loans which are placed in non-accrual when they become 12 months or more past due.

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Consumer loans - At December 31, 2022, OFG’s non-performing consumer loans amounted to $3.1 million (3.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans), an 35.8% increase from $2.3 million at December 31, 2021 (2.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans), which reflect higher balances in the portfolio. Non-PCD consumer loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due and written-off when payments are delinquent 120 days in personal loans and 180 days in credit cards and personal lines of credit.

Auto loans and leasing - At December 31, 2022, OFG’s non-performing auto loans and leases amounted to $19.6 million (19.7% of OFG’s total non-performing loans), a decrease of 1.1% from $19.8 million at December 31, 2021 (17.6% of OFG’s total non-performing loans), which reflect higher balances in the portfolio. Non-PCD auto loans and leases are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due, partially written-off to collateral value when payments are delinquent 120 days, and fully written-off when payments are delinquent 180 days.

OFG has two mortgage loan modification programs. These are the Loss Mitigation Program and the Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program. Both programs are intended to help responsible homeowners to remain in their homes and avoid foreclosure, while also reducing OFG’s losses on non-performing mortgage loans.

The Loss Mitigation Program helps mortgage borrowers who are or will become financially unable to meet the current or scheduled mortgage payments. Loans that qualify under this program are those guaranteed by FHA, VA, USDA Rural Development (RURAL), Puerto Rico Housing Finance Authority (PRHFA), conventional loans guaranteed by Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (MGIC), conventional loans sold to FNMA and FHLMC, and conventional loans retained by OFG. The program offers diversified alternatives such as regular or reduced payment plans, payment moratorium, mortgage loan modification, partial claims (only FHA), short sale, and deed in lieu of foreclosure.

The Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program is for non-conforming mortgages, including balloon payment, interest-only/interest first, variable interest rate, adjustable interest rate and other qualified loans. Non-conforming mortgage loan portfolios are segregated into the following categories: performing loans that meet secondary market requirement and are refinanced under the credit underwriting guidelines of FHA/VA/FNMA/ FHLMC, and performing loans not meeting secondary market guidelines processed pursuant OFG’s current credit and underwriting guidelines. OFG achieved an affordable and sustainable monthly payment by taking specific, sequential, and necessary steps such as reducing the interest rate, extending the loan term, capitalizing arrearages, deferring the payment of principal or, if the borrower qualifies, refinancing the loan.

In order to apply for any of our loan modification programs, if the borrower is active in Chapter 13 bankruptcy, it must request an authorization from the bankruptcy trustee to allow for the loan modification. Borrowers with discharged Chapter 7 bankruptcies may also apply. Loans in these programs are evaluated by designated credit underwriters for troubled-debt restructuring classification if OFG grants a concession for legal or economic reasons due to the debtor’s financial difficulties.

As a result of the effects of Hurricane Fiona and Puerto Rico being declared a disaster zone by local and federal authorities during 2022, OFG granted loan payment accommodations to certain qualified borrowers in order to provide them with flexibility to address the hurricane’s immediate impact. In addition, for its business banking segment, OFG granted loans up to $50,000 with three months of interest-only payments followed by up to thirty-three payments of principal and interest. At December 31, 2022, the total loans outstanding under the payment accommodations program amounted to $33.1 million.

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TABLE 9 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES BREAKDOWN

December 31,Variance %
20222021
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Non-PCD
Commercial$39,158$32,26221.4%
Mortgage9,57115,299-37.4%
Consumer23,26419,14121.5%
Auto loans and leases69,84865,3636.9%
Total allowance for credit losses$141,841$132,0657.4%
PCD
Commercial$1,388$4,508-69.2%
Mortgage9,35919,018-50.8%
Consumer1434-58.8%
Auto loans and leases71312-77.2%
Total allowance for credit losses$10,832$23,872-54.6%
Allowance for credit losses summary
Commercial$40,546$36,77010.3%
Mortgage18,93034,317-44.8%
Consumer23,27819,17521.4%
Auto loans and leases69,91965,6756.5%
Total allowance for credit losses$152,673$155,937-2.1%
Allowance composition:
Commercial26.6%23.6%
Mortgage12.4%22.0%
Consumer15.2%12.3%
Auto loans and leases45.8%42.1%
100.0%100.0%
Allowance coverage ratio at end of year:
Commercial1.5%1.6%-0.6%
Mortgage1.1%1.8%-38.3%
Consumer4.3%4.7%-7.5%
Auto loans and leases3.6%3.9%-7.5%
2.2%2.4%-8.6%
Allowance coverage ratio to non-performing loans:
Commercial93.5%73.3%27.5%
Mortgage56.1%86.4%-35.1%
Consumer744.2%832.6%-10.6%
Auto loans and leases356.5%331.2%7.6%
152.9%139.2%9.8%

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TABLE 10 - ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

December 31,
20222021
Amount of ACLPercent of loans in each category of total loans [1]Amount of ACLPercent of loans in each category of total loans [1]
Commercial$40,54638.5%$36,77037.2%
Mortgage18,93024.9%34,31729.8%
Consumer23,2787.9%19,1756.4%
Auto loans and leases69,91928.7%65,67526.6%
Total$152,673100.0%$155,937100.0%
[1] Total loans in this table refers to total loans held for investment.

TABLE 11 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20222021Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance at beginning of year$155,937$204,809-23.9%
Provision for credit losses24,4088832,664.2%
Charge-offs(63,774)(86,546)-26.3%
Recoveries36,10236,791-1.9%
Balance at end of year$152,673$155,937-2.1%

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TABLE 12 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOAN AND LEASES

Year Ended December 31,
20222021Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-PCD
Mortgage
Charge-offs$(284)$(5,789)-95.1%
Recoveries3,3141,643101.7%
Total3,030(4,146)-173.1%
Commercial
Charge-offs(13,380)(8,788)52.3%
Recoveries1,2002,401-50.0%
Total(12,180)(6,387)90.7%
Consumer
Charge-offs(15,198)(11,880)27.9%
Recoveries3,2372,90011.6%
Total(11,961)(8,980)33.2%
Auto loans and leases
Charge-offs(32,662)(26,530)23.1%
Recoveries21,13123,970-11.8%
Total(11,531)(2,560)350.4%
PCD Loans:
Mortgage
Charge-offs$(1,695)$(20,350)(91.7)%
Recoveries2,6651,42387.3%
Total970(18,927)(105.1)%
Commercial
Charge-offs(69)(12,241)(99.4)%
Recoveries3,8042,92929.9%
Total3,735(9,312)(140.1)%
Consumer
Charge-offs(176)(22)700.0%
Recoveries94316(70.3)%
Total(82)294(127.9)%
Auto loans and leases
Charge-offs(310)(946)(67.2)%
Recoveries6571,209(45.7)%
Total34726331.9%
Total charge-offs(63,774)(86,546)(26.3)%
Total recoveries36,10236,791(1.9)%
Net credit losses$(27,672)$(49,755)(44.4)%

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TABLE 12 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOAN AND LEASES (CONTINUED)

Year Ended December 31,
20222021Variance %
(Dollars in thousands)
Net credit losses to average loans outstanding:
Mortgage(0.22)%1.10%-120.39%
Commercial0.33%0.66%-49.3%
Consumer2.33%2.12%9.7%
Auto loans and leases0.62%0.14%338.3%
Total0.42%0.76%-45.4%
Recoveries to charge-offs56.61%42.51%33.2%
Average Loans Held for Investment
Mortgage$1,787,476$2,102,215-15.0%
Commercial2,538,7202,392,6256.1%
Consumer516,883408,99526.4%
Auto loans and leases1,814,6811,633,65311.1%
Total$6,657,760$6,537,4881.8%

Net charge-offs for 2022 amounted to $27.7 million, decreasing $22.1 million when compared to $49.8 million in 2021. Net charge-offs variances were as follows:

Residential mortgage loans net recoveries amounted to $4.0 million in 2022, decreasing $27.1 million when compared to net charge-offs of $23.1 million in 2021. The change reflects the effect in 2021 of charge-offs amounting to $30.1 million associated with OFG’s decision to sell past due mortgage loans during the fourth quarter of 2021 and recoveries of $1.1 million associated with the final settlement, during the first quarter of 2022, of the aforementioned transfer of loans to held for sale.

Commercial loans net charge-offs amounted to $8.4 million in 2022, decreasing $7.3 million when compared to net charge-offs of $15.7 million in 2021. The 2022 net charge-offs included $12.3 million charge-offs previously reserved for four commercial loans, two of them were sold during 2022. In addition, the 2022 net charge-offs included a $2.8 million recovery from a Puerto Rico government public corporation PCD commercial loan repaid during the first quarter of 2022.

Consumer loans net charge-offs amounted to $12.0 million in 2022, increasing $3.4 million when compared to net charge-offs of $8.7 million in 2021. The increase in net-charge offs during 2022 was driven by an increase in business volumes and change in the delinquency trend. During 2021, borrowers received several federal incentives which facilitated the stabilization of delinquency trends.

Auto loans net charge-offs amounted to $11.2 million, increasing $8.9 million when compared to $2.3 million for 2021. The increase in net-charge offs during 2022 was driven by an increase in business volumes and the stabilization of delinquency trends. During 2021, borrowers received several federal incentives which facilitated the stabilization of delinquency trends

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TABLE 13 — NON-PERFORMING ASSETS

December 31,Variance %
20222021
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing assets:
Non-PCD
Non-accruing loans
Troubled-Debt Restructuring loans$20,329$24,539-17.2%
Other loans60,08364,465-6.8%
Accruing loans
Troubled-Debt Restructuring loans8,9789,087-1.2%
Other loans1,2951,03824.8%
Total$90,685$99,129-8.5%
PCD9,18612,879-28.7%
Total non-performing loans$99,871$112,008-10.8%
Foreclosed real estate11,21415,039-25.4%
Other repossessed assets4,6171,945137.4%
$115,702$128,992-10.3%
Non-performing assets to total assets1.18%1.30%-9.2%
Non-performing assets to total capital11.10%12.06%-8.0%

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TABLE 14 — NON-ACCRUAL LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20222021
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans
Non-PCD
Commercial$34,432$37,603-8.4%
Mortgage23,24129,269-20.6%
Consumer3,1282,30335.8%
Auto loans and leases19,61319,829-1.1%
Total$80,414$89,004-9.7%
PCD
Commercial$8,927$12,545-28.8%
Mortgage259334-22.5%
Total$9,186$12,879-28.7%
Total non-accrual loans$89,600$101,883-12.1%
Non-accruals loans composition percentages:
Commercial48.4%49.2%
Mortgage26.2%29.1%
Consumer3.5%2.3%
Auto loans and leases21.9%19.4%
100.0%100.0%
Non-accrual loans ratios:
Non-accrual loans to total loans1.31%1.59%-17.61%
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans170.39%153.05%11.33%
Year Ended December 31,
20222021
(In thousands)
Interest that would have been recorded in the year if the loans had not been classified as non-accruing loans$1,420$1,467

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TABLE 15 - NON-PERFORMING LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20222021
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans
Non-PCD
Commercial$34,432$37,603-8.4%
Mortgage33,51239,394-14.9%
Consumer3,1282,30335.8%
Auto loans and leases19,61319,829-1.1%
Total$90,685$99,129-8.5%
PCD
Commercial$8,927$12,545-28.8%
Mortgage259334-22.5%
Total$9,186$12,879-28.7%
Total non-performing loans$99,871$112,008-10.8%
Non-performing loans composition percentages:
Commercial43.4%44.8%
Mortgage33.8%35.5%
Consumer3.1%2.1%
Auto loans and leases19.7%17.6%
100.0%100.0%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans held for investment gross1.46%1.75%-16.57%
Total assets1.02%1.13%-9.7%
Total capital9.58%10.48%-8.6%
Non-performing loans with partial charge-offs to:
Total loans held for investment gross0.40%0.46%-13.0%
Non-performing loans27.27%26.53%2.8%
Other non-performing loans ratios:
Charge-off rate on non-performing loans to non-performing loans on which charge-offs have been taken99.57%170.31%-41.5%
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans on which no charge-offs have been taken210.18%189.49%10.9%

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TABLE 16 - LIABILITIES SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20222021
(Dollars in thousands)
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing deposits$2,630,458$2,501,6445.1%
NOW accounts2,546,2452,702,636-5.8%
Savings and money market accounts2,227,9632,177,7792.3%
Time deposits1,162,9591,220,262-4.7%
Total deposits8,567,6258,602,321-0.4%
Accrued interest payable739797-7.3%
Total deposits and accrued interest payable8,568,3648,603,118-0.4%
Borrowings:
Advances from FHLB26,71628,488-6.2%
Subordinated capital notes36,083-100.0%
Other borrowings318100.0%
Total borrowings27,03464,571-58.1%
Total deposits and borrowings8,595,3988,667,689-0.8%
Other Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities804-100.0%
Acceptances outstanding28,60735,329-19.0%
Lease liability27,37030,498-10.3%
Other liabilities124,99996,24029.9%
Total liabilities$8,776,374$8,830,560-0.6%
Deposits portfolio composition percentages:
Non-interest-bearing deposits30.7%29.1%
NOW accounts29.7%31.4%
Savings and money market accounts26.0%25.3%
Time deposits13.6%14.2%
100.0%100.0%
Borrowings portfolio composition percentages:
Advances from FHLB98.8%44.1%
Subordinated capital notes0.0%55.9%
Other borrowings1.2%%
100.0%100.0%

Liabilities and Funding Sources

As shown in Table 16 above, at December 31, 2022, OFG’s total liabilities were $8.776 billion, 0.6% lower than the $8.831 billion reported at December 31, 2021. Deposits and borrowings, OFG’s funding sources, amounted to $8.595 billion at December 31, 2022 compared to $8.668 billion at December 31, 2021. Deposits, excluding accrued interest payable, decreased 0.4% reflecting a decrease of $57.4 million in time deposits from maturities, offset by an increase in commercial and personal savings deposits of $22.6 million.

As of December 31, 2022 borrowings consist of short-term FHLB advances amounting to $26.7 million. Borrowings decreased by $37.6 million, when compared to $64.6 million at December 31, 2021, reflecting the redemption of all $36.1 million variable rate subordinated capital notes before maturity during 2022.

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Stockholders’ Equity

At December 31, 2022, OFG’s total stockholders’ equity was $1.042 billion, a 3% decrease when compared to $1.069 billion at December 31, 2021. This reduction in stockholders’ equity reflects a decrease of $60.6 million from treasury stock and $268 thousand in additional paid-in capital, as a result of repurchases of common stock in the aggregate amount of $64.1 million in connection with the $100 million stock buyback program announced during the first quarter of 2022. It also reflects a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, of $98.6 million from changes in the market value of available-for-sale securities due to FRB interest rates increases during 2022. The decrease was offset by an increase in retained earnings of $116.4 million and legal surplus of $16.2 million, mainly due to $166.2 million in net income, partially offset by $33.6 million common stock dividends issued during 2022.

Regulatory Capital

OFG and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC. The current risk-based capital standards applicable to OFG and the Bank (“Basel III capital rules”) are based on the final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards, known as Basel III, of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. As of December 31, 2022, the capital ratios of OFG and the Bank continue to exceed the minimum requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Basel III capital rules.

On January 1, 2020, OFG implemented CECL using the modified retrospective approach, with an impact to capital of $25.5 million, net of its corresponding deferred tax effect. On March 27, 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, U.S. banking regulators issued an interim final rule that OFG adopted to delay for two years the initial adoption impact of CECL on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of the capital benefit provided during 2020 and 2021 (i.e., a five-year transition period). During the two-year delay, OFG added back to common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) capital 100% of the initial adoption impact of CECL plus 25% of the cumulative quarterly changes in the allowance for credit losses (i.e., quarterly transitional amounts). After two years, starting on January 1, 2022, the quarterly transitional amounts along with the initial adoption impact of CECL will be phased out of CET1 capital over a three-year period.

During 2022, OFG redeemed all of its $36.1 million subordinated capital notes and, as a result, OFG’s tier 1 capital was reduced by the corresponding $35.0 million qualified trust preferred securities, which were previously included in tier 1 capital.

The risk-based capital ratios presented in Table 17 include common equity tier 1, tier 1 capital, total capital and leverage capital as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 and are calculated based on the Basel III capital rules related to the measurement of capital, risk-weighted assets and average assets.

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The following are OFG’s consolidated capital ratios under the Basel III capital rules at December 31, 2022 and 2021:

TABLE 17 — CAPITAL, DIVIDENDS AND STOCK DATA

December 31,December 31,Variance
20222021%
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Capital data:
Stockholders’ equity$1,042,406$1,069,160(2.5)%
Regulatory Capital Ratios data:
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio13.64%13.77%(0.9)%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio required4.50%4.50%0.0%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$1,037,385964,2847.6%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital required$342,246315,2198.6%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$190,137175,1228.6%
Excess over regulatory requirement$505,002473,9436.6%
Risk-weighted assets$7,605,4667,004,8768.6%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio13.64%14.27%(4.4)%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio required6.00%6.00%0.0%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$1,037,385$999,2843.8%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital required$456,328$420,2938.6%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$190,137175,1228.6%
Excess over regulatory requirement$390,920$403,869(3.2)%
Risk-weighted assets$7,605,466$7,004,8768.6%
Total risk-based capital ratio14.89%15.52%(4.1)%
Minimum total risk-based capital ratio required8.00%8.00%0.0%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,132,658$1,086,8974.2%
Minimum total risk-based capital required$608,437$560,3908.6%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$190,137175,1228.6%
Excess over regulatory requirement$334,084$351,385(4.9)%
Risk-weighted assets$7,605,466$7,004,8768.6%
Leverage capital ratio10.36%9.69%6.9%
Minimum leverage capital ratio required4.00%4.00%0.0%
Actual tier 1 capital$1,037,385$999,2843.8%
Minimum tier 1 capital required$400,445$412,359(2.9)%
Excess over regulatory requirement$636,940$586,9258.5%
Tangible common equity to total assets9.48%9.57%(0.9)%
Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets12.24%13.52%(9.5)%
Total equity to total assets10.62%10.80%-1.7%
Total equity to risk-weighted assets13.71%15.26%(10.2)%
Stock data:
Outstanding common shares47,581,37549,636,352(4.1)%
Book value per common share$21.91$21.541.7%
Tangible book value per common share$19.56$19.082.5%
Market price at end of year$27.56$26.563.8%
Market capitalization at end of year$1,311,343$1,318,342-0.5%

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From December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022, leverage capital ratio increased from 9.69% to 10.36%, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio decreased from 14.27% to 13.64%, total risk-based capital ratio decreased from 15.52% to 14.89%, common equity tier 1 capital ratio decreased from 13.77% to 13.64%, and tangible common equity to tangible total assets decreased from 9.69% to 9.59%. The decreases in capital ratios reflected common stock repurchases of $64.1 million during 2022 and an increase in risk-weighted assets, partially offset by increase in retained earnings from net income. Risk-weighted assets increased, mainly from higher loan and investment portfolios at December 31, 2022. Also, during 2022, OFG completed the redemption and cancellation of its subordinated capital notes, further reducing tier 1 risk-based capital and total risk-based capital by $35.0 million. Tangible common equity was also affected by $98.6 million other comprehensive losses during 2022 in available-for-sale securities as a result of increases in market interest rates as a result of recent developments in the U.S. economy, particularly inflationary pressures.

December 31,Variance
20222021%
(Dollars in thousands)
Common dividend data:
Cash dividends declared$33,593$20,50563.8%
Cash dividends declared per share$0.70$0.4075.0%
Payout ratio20.35%14.19%43.4%
Dividend yield2.54%1.50%69.3%

The following table presents a reconciliation of OFG’s total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021:

December 31,
20222021
(In thousands, except share or per share information)
Total stockholders’ equity$1,042,406$1,069,160
Goodwill(84,241)(86,069)
Other intangible assets(27,593)(36,093)
Total tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$930,572$946,998
Total assets$9,818,7809,899,720
Goodwill(84,241)(86,069)
Core deposit intangible(21,131)(27,630)
Customer relationship intangible(6,462)(8,368)
Other intangibles(95)
Total tangible assets$9,706,946$9,777,558
Tangible common equity to tangible assets9.59%9.69%
Common shares outstanding at end of year47,581,37549,636,352
Tangible book value per common share$19.56$19.08

The tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share are non-GAAP measures and, unlike tier 1 capital and common equity tier 1 capital, are not codified in the federal banking regulations. Management and many stock analysts use the tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio and tangible book value per common share in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations. Neither tangible common equity nor tangible assets or related measures should be considered in isolation or as a substitute for stockholders’ equity, total assets or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which OFG calculates its tangible common equity, tangible assets and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.

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Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. To mitigate these limitations, OFG has procedures in place to calculate these measures using the appropriate GAAP or regulatory components. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.

The following table presents OFG’s capital adequacy information under the Basel III capital rules:

December 31,Variance
20222021%
(Dollars in thousands)
Risk-based capital:
Common equity tier 1 capital$1,037,385$964,2847.6%
Additional tier 1 capital35,000(100.0)%
Tier 1 capital1,037,385999,2843.8%
Additional Tier 2 capital95,27387,6138.7%
Total risk-based capital$1,132,658$1,086,8974.2%
Risk-weighted assets:
Balance sheet items$6,976,335$6,406,1158.9%
Off-balance sheet items629,131598,7615.1%
Total risk-weighted assets$7,605,466$7,004,8768.6%
Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 7%)13.64%13.77%(0.9)%
Tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 8.5%)13.64%14.27%(4.4)%
Total capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 10.5%)14.89%15.52%(4.1)%
Leverage ratio (minimum required - 4%)10.36%9.69%6.9%
Equity to assets10.62%10.80%-1.7%
Tangible common equity to assets9.48%9.57%(0.9)%

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The Bank is considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The table below shows the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2022 and 2021:

December 31,Variance
20222021%
(Dollars in thousands)
Oriental Bank Regulatory Capital Ratios:
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets12.36%13.09%(5.58)%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$933,494$908,7172.7%
Minimum capital requirement (4.5%)$339,910$312,3718.8%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$188,839$173,5408.8%
Minimum to be well capitalized (6.5%)$490,981$451,2038.8%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets12.36%13.09%(5.6)%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$933,494$908,7172.7%
Minimum capital requirement (6%)$453,214$416,4958.8%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$188,839$173,5408.8%
Minimum to be well capitalized (8%)$604,285$555,3278.8%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.61%14.34%(5.1)%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,028,126$995,5493.3%
Minimum capital requirement (8%)$604,285$555,3278.8%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$188,839$173,5408.8%
Minimum to be well capitalized (10%)$755,356$694,1598.8%
Total Tier 1 Capital to Average Total Assets9.42%8.87%6.2%
Actual tier 1 capital$933,494$908,7172.7%
Minimum capital requirement (4%)$396,525$409,855(3.3)%
Minimum to be well capitalized (5%)$495,656$512,319(3.3)%

OFG’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “OFG.” At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, OFG’s market capitalization for its outstanding common stock was $1.311 billion ($27.56 per share) and $1.318 billion ($26.56 per share), respectively.

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The following table provides the high and low prices and dividends per share of OFG’s common stock for each quarter of the last three calendar years:

Cash
PriceDividend
HighLowPer share
2022
December 31, 2022$28.90$25.50$0.20
September 30, 2022$29.45$24.66$0.20
June 30, 2022$29.22$25.40$0.15
March 31, 2022$30.54$26.21$0.15
2021
December 31, 2021$27.33$23.84$0.12
September 30, 2021$25.66$20.04$0.12
June 30, 2021$25.14$21.61$0.08
March 31, 2021$22.93$16.48$0.08
2020
December 31, 2020$18.54$12.59$0.07
September 30, 2020$14.35$12.12$0.07
June 30, 2020$15.10$9.38$0.07
March 31, 2020$23.50$9.32$0.07

In January 2022, OFG announced the approval by the Board of Directors of a stock repurchase program to purchase $100 million of its outstanding shares of common stock. The shares of common stock repurchased are held by OFG as treasury shares. During 2022, OFG repurchased 2,351,868 shares for a total of $64.1 million at an average price of $27.26 per share. During 2021, OFG repurchased 2,052,429 shares under the $50.0 million repurchase program approved at that time for a total of $49.9 million, at an average price of $24.29 per share. OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during 2022 and 2021, other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase program.

At December 31, 2022 the number of shares that may yet be purchased under the $100 million stock buyback program is estimated at 1,302,242 and was calculated by dividing the remaining balance of $35.9 million by $27.56 (closing price of OFG’s common stock at December 31, 2022).

FY 2021 10-K MD&A

SEC filing source: 0001030469-22-000015.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2022-02-25. Report date: 2021-12-31.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

Please read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with “Note about Forward-Looking Statements,” Part I, Item 1 “Business,” Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors,” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included under Item 8 of this annual report on Form 10-K. We have omitted discussion of 2019 results where it would be redundant to the discussion previously included in Item 7 of our 2020 annual report on Form 10-K.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Capital Actions

2021 Capital Actions

In July 2021, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program to purchase $50 million of its common stock in the open market. As of December 31, 2021, OFG completed the stock repurchase program and has repurchased approximately 2.1 million shares of its common stock for a total aggregate purchase price of $49.9 million at an average of $24.29 per share.

In July 2021, OFG also announced that its Board of Directors approved a 50% increase in its common stock dividend payable to shareholders of record to $0.12 per share from $0.08 per share, beginning with the quarter ended on September 30, 2021.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, OFG completed the redemption of $92.0 million of its Series A, B and D preferred stock, which represented all of its outstanding preferred stock.

Announcement of Forthcoming 2022 Capital Actions

On January 26, 2022, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved the increase of its regular quarterly cash dividend by 25%, to $0.15 per common share from $0.12 per share, beginning on the quarter ending March 31, 2022. The Board of Directors also approved a new stock repurchase program to purchase $100 million of its common stock in the open market, which OFG expects to complete during the 2022 fiscal year.

Covid-19 Pandemic and Economic Conditions

In the first quarter of 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of Covid-19 a pandemic. OFG has been and may continue to be impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Although we believe Puerto Rico’s economic prospects may improve as more people get vaccinated and restrictive measures imposed by the government are eased, uncertainty remains about the duration of the pandemic and the timing and strength of Puerto Rico’s economic recovery, as Puerto Rico and the United States have recently faced a surge in cases from a highly contagious variant. In response to the pandemic, the federal government enacted several economic relief packages providing trillions of dollars in relief to businesses and individuals and have also decreased interest rates to further stimulate the economy. In addition to these government relief initiatives, OFG and other banks in Puerto Rico granted various forms of assistance to customers and clients impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, including payment deferrals and extending forgivable loans to businesses for payroll and certain other expenses under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) of the Small Business Administration. These relief measures have led to a surge in liquidity in Puerto Rico that have substantially increased OFG’s deposits ($8.6 billion as of December 31, 2021) and cash balances ($2.0 billion as of December 31, 2021). This increase in deposits caused OFG to exceed $10 billion in assets for the first time during the first quarter of 2021, and even though it ended 2021 with less than $10 billion of assets, thereby postponing the applicability to the Bank of Regulation II (Debit Card Interchange Fees and Routing) of the Federal Reserve Board (promulgated pursuant to the Durbin Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act), OFG has nonetheless commenced preparing for the increased regulatory oversight and other requirements that will apply as a result of crossing such size threshold in the future.

With respect to our loan portfolios, the increased liquidity has significantly contributed to a reduction in delinquent and non-performing loans by $95.3 million and $40.2 million, respectively, compared to December 31, 2020. Moreover, such

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liquidity coupled with the decrease in interest rates has led to increases in new home purchases, real estate values, and refinancing of owned residential mortgage loans with lower-rate residential mortgage loans sold to agency investors. These refinancing together with the decrease in PPP loans as they are forgiven have been partially offset by increase in the origination of loans.

Given OFG’s cash position and capital levels, OFG will seek opportunities to continue growing our loan portfolios organically and will continue to evaluate returning capital to shareholders through is stock repurchase program and quarterly common stock dividend.

For our employees and staff, we have implemented a mandatory Covid-19 vaccination policy in order to keep our customers and employees safe. We have also implemented a hybrid work model to increase flexibility for our employees and have increased the hourly base pay rate for non-salaried staff.

We believe that Puerto Rico is entering a period of expected economic growth. The macroeconomic outlook for Puerto Rico has improved from the loosening of Covid-19-related restrictions on economic activity, combined with the additional federal disaster recovery and stimulus funds Puerto Rico is expected to receive related to the recovery from hurricane Maria in 2017, the early 2020 earthquakes, and now the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, following five years of bankruptcy proceedings under Title III of PROMESA, and seven years since it announced that it was unable to pay its outstanding debt obligations, on January 18, 2022, the Title III bankruptcy court approved a plan of adjustment that would restructure $33 billion of public debt to $7.4 billion in new bonds. Nevertheless, any recovery of the Puerto Rican economy could be adversely impacted by macroeconomic developments within the United States and across the globe. The global macroeconomic outlook continues to remain uncertain due to a variety of factors, including Covid-19 variants, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions and inflation, and the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic may continue even after outbreaks subside and containment measures are lifted.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The accounting and reporting policies followed by OFG conform with GAAP and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management's historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these judgments, assumptions and estimates. The following critical accounting estimate involves significant estimation uncertainty that has or is reasonably likely to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. A discussion of OFG's significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting estimate described below, can be found in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with this section.

Allowance for Credit Losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment

The most critical and complex accounting estimates is associated with the determination of the allowance for credit losses. The provision for credit losses charged to current operations is based on this determination. The allowance for credit losses represents management’s best estimate deemed appropriate to provide current expected future credit losses in the portfolio as of the date of the reporting period. As discussed in “Note 1– Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements, OFG adopted ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326), as of January 1, 2020. The total allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, which included loans evaluated on a collective basis, was calculated consistent with our adopted policy.

OFG’s management evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis following a systematic methodology in order to provide for known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. In developing its assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, OFG must rely on estimates and exercise judgment regarding matters where the ultimate outcome is unknown, such as economic developments affecting specific customers, industries or markets. Other factors that can affect management’s estimates are the key drivers used for each macroeconomic scenario, the macroeconomic scenarios selected, and the weighting given to each scenario, among others. Significant changes in the financial condition of individual borrowers, in economic conditions, in historical loss experience and in the condition of the various markets in which collateral may be sold may all affect the required level of the allowance for credit losses. Consequently, the business, financial condition, liquidity, capital and results of operations could also be affected.

The ACL estimation require management to use relevant forward-looking economic forecasts, by using variables such as unemployment rate, gross national product, retail sales, and house price index, including in the application of reasonable and supportable forecasts. ACL estimations are performed by aggregating loans with similar risk characteristics.

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OFG applied a discounted cash flow method for non-purchased credit deteriorated loans (non-PCD) and undiscounted cash flow method for purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) loans to determine the allowance for credit losses for loans collectively measured for impairment, except for credit cards and overdrafts which utilize a remaining life methodology. For non-PCD, the expected cash flows are calculated for each loan and discounted using the effective yield. The discounted amount of expected cash flows is compared to the amortized cost, and any shortfall is recorded as a reserve. For PCD loans, OFG uses the unpaid principal balance to determine its expected cash flows. Expected cash flows are resulted from applying the contractual payment term, probability of defaults, loss given defaults, and prepayment assumptions.

Management's judgment is required in selecting the macroeconomic scenarios and the weighting of the economic scenarios, which consist of baseline and moderate recession scenarios, giving more weight to the baseline scenario as of December 31, 2021. The applicability of qualitative adjustments includes adjustments in the economic forecast and inherent risk not captured by the quantitative model. Management selects the macroeconomic forecast that is most reflective of expectations at that point in time.

OFG's sensitivity analysis does not represent management’s view of expected credit losses at December 31, 2021. OFG evaluated sensitivities by applying 100% weight to both the baseline and moderate recession scenarios. The impact on assigning a 100% weight to the baseline scenario was a hypothetical decrease of 3% to the collective ACL, and the impact on assigning a 100% with to the moderate recession scenario was a hypothetical increase of 9% to the collective ACL. These hypothetical sensitivities do not incorporate the impact of management's judgment for qualitative factors applied in the current ACL for loans. It is possible that others performing similar sensitivity analyses could reach different conclusions or results. The sensitivity analysis excludes the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures.

For a detailed description of the principal factors used to determine the allowance for credit losses related to loans collectively evaluated for impairment and for the principal enhancement’s management made to its methodology, please refer to Notes 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

Results for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2021 underscore OFG’s opportunities for the future. We are extremely proud of our accomplishments in 2021 and look forward to continuing to invest in improving the customer experience and growing together with our clients and the communities we serve.

Fourth Quarter of 2021:

Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) diluted was $0.66 compared to $0.81 in the third quarter of 2021 and $0.42 in the fourth quarter of 2020. Fourth quarter 2021 results were impacted by the strategic decision to sell $65.5 million of past due loans, which had been partially reserved, but required $9.7 million in additional provision. Total core revenues were $141.0 million compared to $134.7 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $132.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Net Interest Income (“NII”) of $104.2 million compared to $102.7 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $98.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Compared to the third quarter of 2021, the fourth quarter of 2021 NII reflected level interest income from loans and cash, increased income from investment securities, and lower cost of deposits and borrowings.

Loans Held for Investment totaled $6.40 billion at December 31, 2021 compared to $6.41 billion at September 30, 2021 and $6.66 billion at December 31, 2020. Decrease in the fourth quarter of 2021 of $8.3 million included a $65.5 million reduction from the previously mentioned decision to sell past due loans.

New Loan Originations totaled $632.7 million compared to $556.2 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $485.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Fourth quarter 2021 reflected continued high levels of auto, commercial, and mortgage lending, and increased demand for consumer loans.

Total Interest Expense was $8.4 million compared to $9.4 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $14.3 million in in the fourth quarter of 2020. The fourth quarter of 2021 results reflected lower cost of core deposits (26 bps vs. 30 bps in the third quarter of 2021 and 53 bps in in the fourth quarter of 2020) due to generally lower rates and CD maturities. Fourth quarter 2021 also reflected lower borrowings with the cancellation of $33.3 million in 2.98% FHLB advances.

Customer Deposits totaled $8.59 billion at December 31, 2021 compared to $9.23 billion at September 30, 2021 and $8.37 billion at December 31, 2020. The $641.3 million sequential decline from the third quarter of 2021 reflected withdrawals at year-end by government-related and institutional commercial clients, partially offset by increased retail deposits.

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Provision for credit losses of $7.2 million included $9.7 million for the previously mentioned decision to sell past due loans and $2.7 million in net reserve releases. This compares to a net benefit of $5.0 million in the third quarter of 2021 and a net expense of $14.2 million in in the fourth quarter of 2020. Fourth quarter 2021 net charge-offs of $32.5 million are primarily related to the decision to sell past due loans. Total non-performing loan rate fell to 1.75% from 2.08% in the third quarter of 2021 and 2.28% in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Banking and Financial Service Revenues were $36.7 million compared to $32.0 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $34.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Fourth quarter 2021 results reflected higher levels of banking service, mortgage banking activity, and wealth management, which included $4.3 million in annual insurance commissions.

Non-Interest Expenses were $86.5 million compared to $78.9 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $89.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Fourth quarter 2021 included increased compensation related investment in our employees and staff, $2.4 million for a legal reserve and to cover operational losses, $2.0 million in technology enhancements, $1.0 million lower gains on sales of real estate owned compared to the third quarter of 2021, and costs related to higher levels of business activity.

Pre-Provision Net Revenues were $55.8 million compared to $56.3 million in the third quarter of 2021 and $44.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Capital: CET1 ratio was 13.77% compared to 13.52% in the third quarter of 2021 and 13.08% in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Year Ended 2021:

EPS diluted was $2.81 compared to $1.32 in 2020. Total core revenues were $536.6 million compared to $519.3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2021, OFG completed the $92.0 million redemption of its outstanding preferred stock and its $50.0 million common stock repurchase plan. Tangible Book Value per share of $19.08 grew 12.4% year over year.

Selected income statement data, selected balance sheet data and key performance indicators are presented in the tables below:

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OFG Bancorp

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2020 AND 2019

Year Ended December 31,
202120202019
EARNINGS DATA:(In thousands, except per share data)
Interest income$449,199$473,347$373,795
Interest expense41,82964,91551,002
Net interest income407,370408,432322,793
Provision for loan and lease losses22192,67296,792
Net interest income after provision for loan and leases losses407,149315,760226,001
Non-interest income133,210124,35282,493
Non-interest expenses325,756345,286233,244
Income before taxes214,60394,82675,250
Income tax expense68,45220,49921,409
Net income146,15174,32753,841
Less: dividends on preferred stock(1,255)(6,512)(6,512)
Income available to common shareholders$144,896$67,815$47,329
PER SHARE DATA:
Basic$2.85$1.32$0.92
Diluted$2.81$1.32$0.92
Average common shares outstanding50,95651,35851,335
Average common shares outstanding and equivalents51,37051,55551,719
Cash dividends declared per common share$0.400.280.28
Cash dividends declared on common shares$20,50514,38114,375
PERFORMANCE RATIOS:
Return on average assets (ROA)1.42%0.77%0.83%
Return on average tangible common stockholders' equity15.70%8.10%5.42%
Return on average common equity (ROE)13.80%6.96%4.91%
Equity-to-assets ratio10.80%11.05%11.24%
Efficiency ratio60.70%66.49%58.88%
Interest rate spread4.18%4.51%5.26%
Interest rate margin4.20%4.55%5.37%

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December 31,
202120202019
PERIOD END BALANCES AND CAPITAL RATIOS:(In thousands, except per share data)
Investments and loans
Investment securities$895,818$458,700$1,087,814
Loans, net6,329,3116,501,2596,641,847
Total investments and loans$7,225,129$6,959,959$7,729,661
Deposits and borrowings
Deposits$8,603,118$8,415,640$7,698,610
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase190,274
Other borrowings64,571102,351115,287
Total deposits and borrowings$8,667,689$8,517,991$8,004,171
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock$$92,000$92,000
Common stock59,88559,88559,885
Additional paid-in capital637,061622,652621,515
Legal surplus117,677103,26995,779
Retained earnings399,949300,096279,646
Treasury stock, at cost(150,572)(102,949)(102,339)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)5,16011,022(1,008)
Total stockholders' equity$1,069,160$1,085,975$1,045,478
Per share data
Book value per common share$21.54$19.54$18.75
Tangible book value per common share$19.08$16.97$15.96
Market price at end of year$26.56$18.54$23.61
Capital ratios
Leverage capital9.69%10.30%9.24%
Common equity Tier 1 capital13.77%13.08%10.78%
Tier 1 risk-based capital14.27%14.78%12.49%
Total risk-based capital15.52%16.04%13.76%
Financial assets managed
Trust assets managed$3,758,895$3,476,491$3,136,884
Broker-dealer assets gathered2,466,0042,474,2342,375,871
Total assets managed$6,224,899$5,950,725$5,512,755

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables show major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, their respective interest income, expenses, yields and costs, and their impact on net interest income due to changes in volume and rates for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

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TABLE 1 - ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME AND CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME/RATE

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021 AND 2020

InterestAverage rateAverage balance
December 2021December 2020December 2021December 2020December 2021December 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
A - TAX EQUIVALENT SPREAD
Interest-earning assets$449,199$473,3474.64%5.28%$9,688,890$8,966,989
Tax equivalent adjustment9,35010,1270.10%0.11%
Interest-earning assets - tax equivalent458,549483,4744.74%5.39%9,688,8908,966,989
Interest-bearing liabilities41,82964,9150.46%0.77%9,043,1268,378,207
Tax equivalent net interest income / spread416,720418,5594.28%4.62%645,764588,782
Tax equivalent interest rate margin4.38%4.73%
B - NORMAL SPREAD
Interest-earning assets:
Investments:
Investment securities12,18011,5391.78%1.84%684,476626,866
Interest bearing cash and money market investments3,2314,3730.13%0.27%2,466,9261,591,613
Total investments15,41115,9120.49%0.72%3,151,4022,218,479
Non-PCD loans
Mortgage40,27043,9745.27%5.43%764,153809,134
Commercial115,684112,2345.42%5.51%2,134,8052,036,728
Consumer45,66954,07811.21%11.66%407,403463,846
Auto and leasing136,445125,2288.45%8.39%1,614,8251,492,105
Total Non-PCD loans338,068335,5146.87%6.99%4,921,1864,801,813
PCD loans
Mortgage77,25293,3435.77%6.08%1,338,0621,536,431
Commercial16,21324,8116.29%6.71%257,820369,960
Consumer23838814.98%12.31%1,5923,153
Auto and leasing2,0173,37910.71%9.09%18,82837,153
Total PCD loans95,720121,9215.92%6.26%1,616,3021,946,697
Total loans (1)433,788457,4356.64%6.78%6,537,4886,748,510
Total interest-earning assets449,199473,3474.64%5.28%9,688,8908,966,989

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InterestAverage rateAverage balance
December 2021December 2020December 2021December 2020December 2021December 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
NOW Accounts9,1799,0290.35%0.42%2,623,3582,156,300
Savings and money market7,1498,3800.32%0.45%2,233,8241,858,416
Time deposits15,13030,4551.01%1.55%1,499,4571,966,706
Total core deposits31,45847,8640.49%0.80%6,356,6395,981,422
Brokered deposits2064,1320.80%2.45%25,664168,728
31,66451,9960.50%0.85%6,382,3036,150,150
Non-interest bearing deposits0.00%2,566,9242,069,786
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations7,3508,2020.00%
Total deposits39,01460,1980.44%0.73%8,949,2278,219,936
Borrowings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase1,335%2.63%50,874
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings1,6411,9882.84%2.79%57,81671,314
Subordinated capital notes1,1741,3943.25%3.86%36,08336,083
Total borrowings2,8154,7173.00%2.98%93,899158,271
Total interest bearing liabilities41,82964,9150.46%0.77%9,043,1268,378,207
Net interest income / spread$407,370$408,4324.18%4.51%
Interest rate margin4.20%4.55%
Excess of average interest-earning assets over average interest-bearing liabilities$645,764$588,782
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities ratio107.14%107.03%
(1) Includes loans held for sale and excludes allowance for credit losses.

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C - CHANGES IN NET INTEREST INCOME DUE TO:

VolumeRateTotal
(In thousands)
Interest Income:
Investment securities$1,464$(823)$641
Interest bearing cash and money market investments1,756(2,898)(1,142)
Loans(13,676)(9,971)(23,647)
Total interest income(10,456)(13,692)(24,148)
Interest Expense:
NOW Accounts1,770(1,620)150
Savings and money market1,488(2,719)(1,231)
Time deposits(6,532)(8,793)(15,325)
Brokered deposits(2,184)(1,742)(3,926)
Fair value premium and core deposit intangible amortizations(852)(852)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(666)(669)(1,335)
Advances from FHLB and other borrowings(382)35(347)
Subordinated capital notes(220)(220)
Total interest expense(6,506)(16,580)(23,086)
Net Interest Income$(3,950)$2,888$(1,062)

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is a function of the difference between rates earned on OFG’s interest-earning assets and rates paid on its interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate spread) and the relative amounts of its interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (interest rate margin). OFG constantly monitors the composition and re-pricing of its assets and liabilities to maintain its net interest income at adequate levels.

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Net interest income of $407.4 million decreased $1 million from $408.4 million. Tax equivalent basis net interest income of $416.7 million decreased $1.8 million, or 0.4%, from $418.6 million.

Interest rate spread decreased 33 basis points to 4.18% from 4.51% and net interest margin decreased 35 basis points to 4.20% from 4.55%. These decreases are mainly due to the net effect of a decrease of 64 basis points in the average yield of total interest-earning assets, driven by the increase in average balances of cash and investment securities, as well as a decrease of 31 basis point in the total average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

Net interest income was adversely impacted by:

•Lower interest income from loans by $23.6 million, reflecting lower average balances in the mortgage and commercial purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) portfolios, and the effect of Federal Reserve Board’s rate cuts on variable rate commercial loans, a $6.5 million in one-time interest recoveries from acquired PCD loans recorded during prior year, partially offset by interest income of $9.3 million from unamortized yield for $362.6 million of forgiven PPP loans.

Net interest income was positively impacted by:

•Lower interest expense from deposits by $21.2 million, mainly related to pricing changes implemented during fourth quarter of 2020 and to the maturity and cancellation of higher cost time and brokered deposits and migration of these time deposits to checking and savings accounts at lower costs; and

•Lower interest expense in borrowings by $1.9 million, mainly as a result of a decrease in interest expense from securities sold under agreements to repurchase from $1.3 million in the prior year to none in the current period, as all agreements to repurchase have matured or were terminated prior to maturity during 2020.

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TABLE 2 - NON-INTEREST INCOME SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20212020Variance
(In thousands)
Banking service revenue$71,706$62,57914.6%
Wealth management revenue35,04431,78910.2%
Mortgage banking activities22,50816,50436.4%
Total banking and financial service revenue129,258110,87216.6%
Net gain (loss) on:
Sale of securities194,728-99.6%
Early extinguishment of debt(1,481)(63)2,250.8%
Bargain purchase from Scotiabank Acquisition7,336(100.0)%
Other non-interest income5,4141,479266.1%
Total non-interest income, net$133,210$124,3527.1%

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income is affected by the amount of the Bank’s trust department assets under management, transactions generated by clients’ financial assets serviced by OFG’s the securities broker-dealer and insurance agency and reinsurance subsidiaries, the level of mortgage banking activities, fees generated from loans and deposit accounts, and gains on sales of assets.

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

OFG recorded non-interest income, net, in the amount of $133.2 million, compared to $124.4 million, an increase of 7.1%, or $8.9 million. The increase in non-interest income was mainly due to:

•An increase of $9.1 million in banking service revenues, mainly from higher fees on deposit accounts, credit and debit cards interchange fees and higher volume of transactions reflecting the impact of the COVID-19 on economic activity during 2020;

•An increase of $3.3 million in wealth management revenue due to higher broker-dealer sales by $1.6 million, increase in insurance income by $1.0 million, which includes income from the new captive reinsurance company, OFG Reinsurance, and increase in trust division fees by approximately $857 thousand;

•An increase of $6.0 million in mortgage-banking activities, as net servicing fees and gains on loans sold increased by $4.7 million and $4.4 million, respectively. This increase was offset by higher losses of $3.1 million on repurchased loans as average volume increased during the period; and

•An increase of $3.9 million in other non-interest income due to a $2.4 million warrant revenue and $1.5 million from receivable recoveries written-off in the Scotiabank Acquisition.

The increase in non-interest income was offset by:

•A $4.7 million gain recorded during 2020 on the sales of $316.0 million mortgage-backed securities;

•A $7.3 million bargain purchase gain from the Scotiabank Acquisition to adjust the fair value of accrued interest receivable at closing, net of taxes, recorded during 2020; and

•A $1.5 million loss recorded for the early termination of $33.3 million in Federal Home Loan Bank advances with an average cost of 2.98%.

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TABLE 3 - NON-INTEREST EXPENSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,
20212020Variance %
(In thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits$133,442$132,9260.4%
Occupancy, equipment and infrastructure costs50,15847,2836.1%
Electronic banking charges37,20234,6987.2%
Professional and service fees20,08017,13517.2%
Information technology expenses18,96520,823-8.9%
Taxes, other than payroll and income taxes13,82913,8310.0%
Insurance10,09211,424-11.7%
Loan servicing and clearing expenses7,6046,75212.6%
Advertising, business promotion, and strategic initiatives6,9995,85119.6%
Pandemic expenses5,6315,795-2.8%
Communication4,5554,06712.0%
Printing, postage, stationery and supplies4,0373,8474.9%
Director and investor relations1,1351,174-3.3%
Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets (income) expenses, net(3,007)7,767-138.7%
Merger and restructuring charges16,083-100.0%
Other15,03415,830-5.0%
Total non-interest expenses$325,756$345,286-5.7%
Relevant ratios and data:
Efficiency ratio60.70%66.49%
Compensation and benefits to non-interest expense40.96%38.50%
Compensation to average total assets owned1.29%1.37%
Number of employees end of year2,2692,278
Average number of employees2,2512,384
Average compensation per employee$59.28$55.76
Average loans per average employee$2,904$2,831

Non-Interest Expenses

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Non-interest expense was $325.8 million, representing a decrease of 5.7%, or $19.5 million, compared to $345.3 million.

Non-interest expenses were positively impacted by:

•Decrease in information technology expenses by $1.9 million reflecting systems integrations expenses related to Scotiabank Acquisition recorded during prior year period;

•Decrease in insurance expenses by $1.3 million related to the effect of higher FDIC annual assessment during 2020 due to the Scotiabank Acquisition integration;

•Improvements in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets (income) expenses by $10.8 million reflecting higher valuations and gains on sales of foreclosed real estate of $3.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively, as well as, higher gains in sales of repossessed autos of $2.5 million due to higher demand and volume compared to 2020; and

•Merger and restructuring charges amounting to $16.1 million that were recorded in 2020 related to the Scotiabank Acquisition on December 31, 2019.

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Non-interest expenses were adversely impacted by:

•Increase in occupancy, equipment, and infrastructure costs by $2.9 million reflecting an increase of information technology infrastructure expenses by $2.3 million.

•Increase in professional and service fees expenses by $2.9 million mainly due an increase in legal expenses by $2.0 million.

The efficiency ratio was 60.70%, improved from 66.49%. The efficiency ratio measures how much of OFG’s revenues is used to pay operating expenses. OFG computes its efficiency ratio by dividing non-interest expenses by the sum of its net interest income and non-interest income, but excluding gains on the sale of investment securities, derivatives gains or losses, other gains and losses, and other income that may be considered volatile in nature. Management believes that the exclusion of those items permits consistent comparability. Amounts presented as part of non-interest income that are excluded from the efficiency ratio computation for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 amounted to $4.0 million and $13.5 million, respectively.

Provision for Credit Losses

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Provision for credit losses decreased $92.5 million from $92.7 million to $221 thousand mainly due to updates in macro-economic forecasts and continued asset quality improvement, as reflected in net credit losses, non-performing, and delinquency rates. The provision for credit losses for 2021 includes an additional expense of $9.7 million related to the decision to sell $65.5 million of past due loans. The provision for credit losses for 2020 included a $39.9 million provision to incorporate changes in the macro-economic scenario and qualitative adjustments as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Income Taxes

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

OFG’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) was 31.9% in 2021 compared to 21.6% in 2020. The increase in ETR is mainly due to a decrease in transactions subject to preferential tax rate and credits from non-recurring true-ups recorded in 2020, which contributed to substantially decrease the 2020 ETR.

Business Segments

OFG segregates its businesses into the following major reportable segments: Banking, Wealth Management, and Treasury. Management established the reportable segments based on the internal reporting used to evaluate performance and to assess where to allocate resources. Other factors such as OFG’s organization, nature of its products, distribution channels and economic characteristics of its services were also considered in the determination of the reportable segments. OFG measures the performance of these reportable segments based on pre-established goals of different financial parameters such as net income, net interest income, loan production, and fees generated. OFG’s methodology for allocating non-interest expenses among segments is based on several factors such as revenue, employee headcount, occupied space, dedicated services or time, among others. Following are the results of operations and the selected financial information by operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

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December 31, 2021
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotal Major SegmentsEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$435,530$30$13,639$449,199$$449,199
Interest expense(39,889)(1,940)(41,829)(41,829)
Net interest income395,6413011,699407,370407,370
Provision (recapture) for credit losses1,342(1,121)221221
Non-interest income (loss)98,95035,625(1,365)133,210133,210
Non-interest expenses(300,568)(20,941)(4,247)(325,756)(325,756)
Intersegment revenue2,3552,355(2,355)
Intersegment expenses(1,269)(1,086)(2,355)2,355
Income before income taxes$197,720$13,445$3,880$215,045$$215,045
Income tax expense68,4094368,45268,452
Net income$129,311$13,445$3,837$146,593$$146,593
Total assets$8,041,725$32,082$2,894,612$10,968,419$(1,068,699)$9,899,720
December 31, 2020
BankingWealth ManagementTreasuryTotal Major SegmentsEliminationsConsolidated Total
(In thousands)
Interest income$462,493$59$10,795$473,347$$473,347
Interest expense(57,811)(7,104)(64,915)(64,915)
Net interest income404,682593,691408,432408,432
Provision for credit losses92,23743592,67292,672
Non-interest income87,81032,0434,499124,352124,352
Non-interest expenses(320,997)(20,240)(4,049)(345,286)(345,286)
Intersegment revenue2,4432,443(2,443)
Intersegment expenses(1,164)(1,279)(2,443)2,443
Income before income taxes$266,175$10,698$3,297$280,170$$280,170
Income tax expense15,9394,5065420,49920,499
Net income$250,236$6,192$3,243$259,671$$259,671
Total assets$8,478,326$32,893$2,436,029$10,947,248$(1,121,237)$9,826,011

Comparison of years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Banking

OFG’s banking segment net income before taxes increased by $113.3 million from $81.7 million to $195.0 million, mainly reflecting:

•Lower interest expense by $17.9 million, mainly related to customer deposits pricing changes implemented during fourth quarter of 2020 and to the maturity and cancellation of higher cost time and brokered deposits and migration of these time and brokered deposits to checking and savings accounts at lower costs;

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•Decrease in provision for credit losses by $90.9 million, mainly due to updates in macro-economic outlook and continued asset quality improvement, as reflected in charge-off, non-performing, and delinquency rates. The provision for credit losses for 2021 includes an additional expense of $9.7 million related to the decision to sell $65.5 million of past due loans. The provision for credit losses for 2020 included a $39.9 million provision to incorporate changes in the macro-economic scenario and qualitative adjustments as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic;

•An increase of $11.1 million in non-interest income, mainly from banking service revenues of $9.1 million on deposit accounts, credit and debit cards interchange fees and higher volume of transactions, net increase of $6.0 million in mortgage-banking activities due to higher servicing fees and gains on loans sold, a $2.4 million warrant revenue recorded for the cancellation of a loan and $1.5 million from receivable recoveries charged-off in the Scotiabank Acquisition. This increase was offset by a $7.3 million bargain purchase gain recorded during 2020 from the Scotiabank Acquisition to adjust the fair value of accrued interest receivable at closing.

•Decrease in non-interest expenses by $20.4 million, mainly due to merger and restructuring charges amounting to $16.1 million in 2020 related to the Scotiabank Acquisition, improvements in foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets income by $10.8 million reflecting higher valuations and gains on sales on other real estate owned and repossessed autos. This decrease was partially offset by higher professional services and occupancy expenses by $5.8 million.

The increases in the banking segment’s net income were partially offset by:

•Lower interest income from loans by $27.0 million, reflecting lower average balances in the mortgage and commercial PCD portfolios, and the effect of Federal Reserve Board’s rate cuts on variable rate commercial loans, a $6.5 million in one-time interest recoveries from acquired PCD loans recorded during prior year, partially offset by interest income of $9.3 million from unamortized yield for $362.6 million of forgiven PPP loans.

Wealth Management

Wealth management segment revenue consists of commissions and fees from fiduciary activities, and securities brokerage and insurance activities. Net income before taxes from this segment increased by $2.7 million due to higher broker-dealers sales by $1.6 million, higher insurance income by $1.0 million, which includes income from the new captive reinsurance company, OFG Reinsurance, and higher trust division fees by approximately $857 thousand.

Treasury

Treasury segment net income before taxes increased by $3.7 million, mainly reflecting:

•Increase in interest income by $2.8 million, reflecting the purchase of agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) amounting to $405.6 million during 2021;

•Lower interest expense by $5.2 million, reflecting the maturity of brokered deposits during current year and the maturity and early extinguishment of repurchase agreements during 2020; and

•Decrease to the provision for credit losses in US commercial loans by $1.6 million, mainly due asset quality improvements during 2021.

The increases in the treasury segment’s net income were partially offset by:

•A $4.7 million gain recorded during 2020 on the sales of $316.0 million mortgage-backed securities; and

•A $1.5 million loss recorded for the early termination of $33.3 million in Federal Home Loan Bank advances.

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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

Assets Owned

At December 31, 2021, OFG’s total assets amounted to $9.900 billion, for an increase of $73.7 million, when compared to $9.826 billion at December 31, 2020.

The investment portfolio increased by $437.1 million or 95.3% due to the purchase of agency mortgage-backed securities during the year amounting to $405.6 million. OFG’s strategy is to invest its liquidity in mortgage-backed securities and designate them as held-to-maturity or available for sale after taking into account the bond’s characteristics with respect to yield and term and the current market environment.

OFG’s loan portfolio is comprised of residential mortgage loans, commercial loans secured by real estate, other commercial and industrial loans, consumer loans, and auto loans and leases. For the year ended December 31, 2021, OFG’s net loan portfolio decreased by $171.9 million or 2.6%, mainly due to loan repayments and PPP loans forgiven during the year by the Small Business Administration amounting to $362.6 million. This decrease was offset by loan production in 2021 of $2.390 billion, compared to $1.730 billion in the year ago period, reflecting higher production in all loan portfolios.

During 2021, OFG decided to sell $65.5 million in past due loans. During the fourth quarter of 2021, OFG sold commercial past due loans amounting to $4.2 million and residential mortgage past due loans amounting to $629 thousand. In addition, OFG transferred to held for sale past due residential mortgage loans with reporting balance of $39.8 million and a PCD commercial loan with reporting balance of $20.9 million. As a result, OFG recognized $30.1 million in net charge-offs and an additional provision of $9.7 million, decreasing the allowance for credit losses by $20.4 million.

Cash and due from banks of $2.0 billion decreased by $127.8 million primarily from withdrawals at 2021 year-end by government-related and institutional commercial clients, partially offset by increased retail deposits.

Financial Assets Managed

OFG’s financial assets include those managed by OFG’s trust division, retirement plan administration subsidiary, and assets gathered by its broker-dealer and insurance subsidiaries. OFG’s trust division offers various types of individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and manages 401(k) and Keogh retirement plans and custodian and corporate trust accounts, while the retirement plan administration subsidiary manages private retirement plans. At December 31, 2021, the total assets managed by OFG’s trust division and retirement plan administration subsidiary amounted to $3.759 billion, compared to $3.476 billion at December 31, 2020. OFG’s broker-dealer subsidiary offers a wide array of investment alternatives to its client base, such as tax-advantaged fixed income securities, mutual funds, stocks, bonds and money management wrap-fee programs. At December 31, 2021, total assets gathered by the broker-dealer and insurance agency subsidiaries from their customers’ investment accounts amounted to $2.466 billion, compared to $2.474 billion at December 31, 2020.

Goodwill

OFG’s goodwill is not amortized to expense but is tested at least annually for impairment. A quantitative annual impairment test is not required if, based on a qualitative analysis, OFG determines that the existence of events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is not impaired. OFG completes its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 31 of each year. OFG tests for impairment by first allocating its goodwill and other assets and liabilities, as necessary, to defined reporting units. A fair value is then determined for each reporting unit. If the fair values of the reporting units exceed their book values, no write-down of the recorded goodwill is necessary. If the fair values are less than the book values, an additional valuation procedure is necessary to assess the proper carrying value of the goodwill.

In connection with reviewing our financial condition in light of the Covid-19 pandemic, we evaluated our assets, including goodwill and other intangibles, for potential impairment. Based upon our review as of December 31, 2021, no impairments have been recorded.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, OFG had $86.1 million of goodwill allocated as follows: $84.1 million to the banking segment and $2.0 million to the wealth management segment. Please refer to Note 12 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to our consolidated financial statements for more information on the annual goodwill impairment test.

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TABLE 4 - ASSETS SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20212020
(In thousands)
Investments:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates$550,809$210,949161.1%
Obligations of US government-sponsored agencies1,1831,606-26.3%
US Treasury securities10,82510,983-1.4%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies24,43039,214-37.7%
GNMA certificates288,578182,77257.9%
Equity securities17,57812,24043.6%
Other debt securities2,395914162.0%
Trading securities2022-9.1%
Total investments895,818458,70095.3%
Loans, net6,329,3116,501,259-2.6%
Total investments and loans7,225,1296,959,9593.8%
Other assets:
Cash and due from banks (including restricted cash)2,014,6982,143,669-6.0%
Money market investments8,95211,908-24.8%
Foreclosed real estate15,03911,59629.7%
Accrued interest receivable56,56065,547-13.7%
Deferred tax asset, net99,063162,478-39.0%
Premises and equipment, net92,12483,78610.0%
Servicing assets48,97347,2953.5%
Goodwill86,06986,0690.0%
Right of use assets28,84631,383-8.1%
Core deposit, customer relationship and other intangibles36,09345,896-21.4%
Other assets and customers' liability on acceptances188,174176,4256.7%
Total other assets2,674,5912,866,052-6.7%
Total assets$9,899,720$9,826,0110.8%
Investment portfolio composition:
FNMA and FHLMC certificates61.5%46.0%
Obligations of US government-sponsored agencies0.1%0.4%
US Treasury securities1.2%2.4%
CMOs issued by US government-sponsored agencies2.7%8.5%
GNMA certificates32.2%39.8%
Equity securities2.0%2.7%
Other debt securities and trading securities0.3%0.2%
100.0%100.0%

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TABLE 5 - LOAN PORTFOLIO COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20212020
(In thousands)
Loans held for investment:
Commercial$2,379,330$2,402,010(0.9)%
Mortgage1,907,2712,307,034(17.3)%
Consumer409,675391,2874.7%
Auto and leasing1,706,3101,561,8029.3%
6,402,5866,662,133(3.9)%
Allowance for credit losses(155,937)(204,809)(23.9)%
Total loans held for investment6,246,6496,457,324(3.3)%
Mortgage loans held for sale51,09641,65422.7%
Other loans held for sale31,5662,2811283.9%
Total loans, net$6,329,311$6,501,259(2.6)%

OFG’s loan portfolio is composed of mortgage, commercial, consumer, and auto and leasing loans business products. As shown in Table 5 above, total loans, net, amounted to $6.329 billion at December 31, 2021 and $6.501 billion at December 31, 2020. OFG’s loans held-for-investment portfolio composition and trends were as follows:

•Commercial loan portfolio amounted to $2.379 billion (37.2% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $2.402 billion (36.1% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2021, OFG sold past due commercial loans amounting to $4.2 million. In addition, OFG transferred to held for sale a PCD commercial loan amounting to $20.9 million.

Commercial production, excluding PPP loans, increased 62.2%, or $394.4 million from $634.1 million in 2020 to $1.028 billion. PPP loan production decreased $137.7 million in 2021 from $296.7 million in 2020, as the PPP program was initially launched in the second quarter of 2020 and concluded in May 2021.

•Mortgage loan portfolio amounted to $1.907 billion (29.8% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $2.307 billion (34.6% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2020. During the fourth quarter of 2021, OFG transferred to held for sale past due residential mortgage loans amounting to $39.8 million.

Mortgage loan production totaled $364.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 which represents an increase of 48.0% from $246.0 million in 2020. Mortgage loans included delinquent loans in the GNMA buy-back option program amounting to $14.5 million and $56.2 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Servicers of loans underlying GNMA mortgage-backed securities must report as their own assets the defaulted loans that they have the option (but not the obligation) to repurchase, even when they elect not to exercise that option.

•Consumer loan portfolio amounted to $409.7 million (6.4% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $391.3 million (5.9% of the gross loan portfolio) at December 31, 2020. Consumer loan production increased 91.2% to $196.8 million in 2021 from $103.0 million in 2020.

•Auto and leasing portfolio amounted to $1.706 billion (26.7% of the gross loan portfolio) compared to $1.562 billion (23.4% of the gross originated loan portfolio) at December 31, 2020. Auto loans production increased 42.6% to $641.7 million in 2021 compared to $450.1 million in 2020.

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Balance Outstanding at December 31, 2021Maturities
One Year or LessFrom One to Five YearsAfter Five Years To 15 YearsAfter 15 Years
Fixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest RatesFixed Interest RatesVariable Interest Rates
(In thousands)
Non-PCD
Mortgage$718,848$23,818$8,177$608$220,270$520$449,004$16,451
Commercial2,174,995586,774621,404574,189107,770230,94721,05932,852
Consumer408,75977,362214,835107,2929,270
Auto and leasing1,693,02928,524895,145769,360
Total$4,995,631$716,478$1,739,561$574,797$1,204,692$231,467$479,333$49,303
PCD
Mortgage$1,188,423$8,829$15,852$423$370,832$885$775,397$16,205
Commercial204,33581,87089,86318,08292313,407190
Consumer91642618626278
Auto and leasing13,2812,69610,50778
Total$1,406,955$93,821$116,408$18,505$371,859$14,292$775,865$16,205
Total loans$6,402,586$810,299$1,855,969$593,302$1,576,551$245,759$1,255,198$65,508

The following table includes the maturities of OFG’s lending exposure to the Puerto Rico government, which is limited solely to loans to municipalities secured by ad valorem taxation, without limitation as to rate or amount, on all taxable property within the issuing municipalities and a loan to a public corporation acquired in the Scotiabank Acquisition. The good faith, credit and unlimited taxing power of each issuing municipality are pledged for the payment of its general obligations. Deposits from the Puerto Rico government totaled $183.8 million at December 31, 2021.

TABLE 6 - PUERTO RICO GOVERNMENT RELATED LOANS AND SECURITIES

December 31, 2021
Maturity
Carrying ValueLess than 1 Year1 to 3 YearsMore than 3 Years
Loans:(In thousands)
Public corporations$1,102$1,102$$
Municipalities86,17734,93151,246
Total$87,279$1,102$34,931$51,246

At December 31, 2021, OFG has $87.3 million of direct credit exposure to the Puerto Rico government, a 11.8 million decrease from December 31, 2020.

Credit Risk Management

Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2020, OFG adopted the new accounting standard that requires the measurement of the allowance for credit losses to be based on management’s best estimate of future expected credit losses inherent in OFG’s relevant financial assets.

Tables 7 through 9 set forth an analysis of activity in the allowance for credit losses and present selected credit loss statistics for December 31, 2021 and 2020. In addition, Table 5 sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio.

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The allowance for credit losses for December 31, 2021 reflects a decrease of $20.4 million associated with OFG’s decision to sell $65.5 million past due loans. As a result of the decision to sell loans, OFG recognized $30.1 million in net-charge-offs and an additional provision of $9.7 million.

Please refer to the "Provision for Credit Losses" and "Critical Accounting Estimates" sections in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section and Note 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses of this annual report for a more detailed analysis of provisions and allowance for credit losses.

Non-performing Assets

OFG’s non-performing assets include non-performing loans and foreclosed real estate (see Tables 10 and 12). At December 31, 2021, OFG had $101.9 million of non-accrual loans, including $12.9 million PCD loans, compared to $147.9 million at December 31, 2020.

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, loans whose terms have been extended and which were classified as troubled-debt restructurings that were not included in non-accrual loans amounted to $125.9 million and $113.9 million, respectively, as they were performing under their new terms.

Delinquent residential mortgage loans insured or guaranteed under applicable FHA and VA programs are classified as non-performing loans when they become 90 days or more past due but are not placed in non-accrual status until they become 12 months or more past due, since they are insured loans. Therefore, those loans are included as non-performing loans but excluded from non-accrual loans.

At December 31, 2021, OFG’s non-performing assets decreased by 22.1% to $129.0 million (1.30% of total assets) from $165.6 million (1.69% of total assets) at December 31, 2020. Foreclosed real estate and other repossessed assets amounting to $15.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021, increased from $11.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020, recorded at fair value. OFG does not expect non-performing loans to result in significantly higher losses. At December 31, 2021, the allowance coverage ratio to non-performing loans was 139.2% (134.6% at December 31, 2020).

Upon adoption of the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) methodology, OFG elected to maintain pools of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these pools as a unit of account. As such, for PCD loans the determination of nonaccrual or accrual status is made at the pool level, not the individual loan level. Upon adoption of CECL, the allowance for credit losses was determined for each pool and added to the pool’s carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the pool and the new amortized cost basis is the non-credit premium or discount which will be amortized interest income over the remaining life of the pool. On a quarterly basis, management will monitor the composition and behavior of the pools to assess the ability for cash flow estimation and timing. If based on the analysis performed, the pool is classified as non-accrual the accretion/amortization of the non-credit (discount) premium will cease.

OFG follows a conservative residential mortgage lending policy, with more than 90% of its residential mortgage portfolio consisting of fixed-rate, fully amortizing, fully documented loans that do not have the level of risk associated with subprime loans offered by certain major U.S. mortgage loan originators. Furthermore, OFG has never been active in negative amortization loans or adjustable rate mortgage loans, including those with teaser rates.

The following items comprise non-performing loans held for investment, including Non-PCD and PCDs:

Commercial loans - At December 31, 2021, OFG’s non-performing commercial loans amounted to $50.1 million (44.8% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 36.1% decrease from $78.5 million at December 31, 2020 (51.6% of OFG’s non-performing loans). Non-PCD commercial loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the underlying collateral, if any.

Mortgage loans - At December 31, 2021, OFG’s non-performing mortgage loans totaled $39.7 million (35.5% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 18.5% decrease from $48.7 million (32.0% of OFG’s non-performing loans) at December 31, 2020. Non-PCD mortgage loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more past due and are written-down, if necessary, based on the specific evaluation of the collateral underlying the loan, except for FHA and VA insured mortgage loans which are placed in non-accrual when they become 12 months or more past due.

Consumer loans - At December 31, 2021, OFG’s non-performing consumer loans amounted to $2.3 million (2.1% of OFG’s non-performing loans), a 45.5% decrease from $4.2 million at December 31, 2020 (2.8% of OFG’s non-

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performing loans). Non-PCD consumer loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due and written-off when payments are delinquent 120 days in personal loans and 180 days in credit cards and personal lines of credit.

Auto and leasing loans - At December 31, 2021, OFG’s non-performing auto and leasing loans amounted to $19.8 million (17.6% of OFG’s total non-performing loans), a decrease of 4.5% from $20.8 million at December 31, 2020 (13.6% of OFG’s total non-performing loans). Non-PCD auto and leasing loans a are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days past due, partially written-off to collateral value when payments are delinquent 120 days, and fully written-off when payments are delinquent 180 days.

Please refer to the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of our 2020 annual report on Form 10-K for detailed information for the year ended December 31, 2019.

OFG has two mortgage loan modification programs. These are the Loss Mitigation Program and the Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program. Both programs are intended to help responsible homeowners to remain in their homes and avoid foreclosure, while also reducing OFG’s losses on non-performing mortgage loans.

The Loss Mitigation Program helps mortgage borrowers who are or will become financially unable to meet the current or scheduled mortgage payments. Loans that qualify under this program are those guaranteed by FHA, VA, RURAL, PRHFA, conventional loans guaranteed by Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation (MGIC), conventional loans sold to FNMA and FHLMC, and conventional loans retained by OFG. The program offers diversified alternatives such as regular or reduced payment plans, payment moratorium, mortgage loan modification, partial claims (only FHA), short sale, and deed in lieu of foreclosure.

The Non-Conforming Mortgage Loan Program is for non-conforming mortgages, including balloon payment, interest only/interest first, variable interest rate, adjustable interest rate and other qualified loans. Non-conforming mortgage loan portfolios are segregated into the following categories: performing loans that meet secondary market requirement and are refinanced under the credit underwriting guidelines of FHA/VA/FNMA/ FHLMC, and performing loans not meeting secondary market guidelines processed pursuant OFG’s current credit and underwriting guidelines. OFG achieved an affordable and sustainable monthly payment by taking specific, sequential, and necessary steps such as reducing the interest rate, extending the loan term, capitalizing arrearages, deferring the payment of principal or, if the borrower qualifies, refinancing the loan.

In order to apply for any of our loan modification programs, if the borrower is active in Chapter 13 bankruptcy, it must request an authorization from the bankruptcy trustee to allow for the loan modification. Borrowers with discharged Chapter 7 bankruptcies may also apply. Loans in these programs are evaluated by designated underwriters for troubled-debt restructuring classification if OFG grants a concession for legal or economic reasons due to the debtor’s financial difficulties.

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TABLE 7 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES BREAKDOWN

December 31,Variance %
20212020
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Non-PCD
Commercial$32,262$45,779-29.5%
Mortgage15,29919,687-22.3%
Consumer19,14125,253-24.2%
Auto and leasing65,36370,296-7.0%
Total allowance for credit losses$132,065$161,015-18.0%
PCD
Commercial$4,508$16,405-72.5%
Mortgage19,01826,389-27.9%
Consumer3457-40.4%
Auto and leasing312943-66.9%
Total allowance for credit losses$23,872$43,794-45.5%
Allowance for credit losses summary
Commercial$36,770$62,184-40.9%
Mortgage34,31746,076-25.5%
Consumer19,17525,310-24.2%
Auto and leasing65,67571,239-7.8%
Total allowance for credit losses$155,937$204,809-23.9%
Allowance composition:
Commercial23.6%30.4%
Mortgage22.0%22.5%
Consumer12.3%12.4%
Auto and leasing42.1%34.8%
100.0%100.0%
Allowance coverage ratio at end of year:
Commercial1.6%2.6%-40.2%
Mortgage1.8%2.0%-10.0%
Consumer4.7%6.5%-27.7%
Auto and leasing3.9%4.6%-15.6%
2.4%3.1%-20.5%
Allowance coverage ratio to non-performing loans:
Commercial73.3%79.3%-7.5%
Mortgage86.4%94.6%-8.6%
Consumer832.6%599.1%39.0%
Auto and leasing331.2%343.1%-3.5%
139.2%134.6%3.5%

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TABLE 8 - ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES SUMMARY

Year Ended December 31,Variance %
20212020
(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance at beginning of year$204,809$116,53975.7%
Impact of ASC 326 adoption89,720-100.0%
Provision for credit losses88393,717-99.1%
Charge-offs(86,546)(125,186)-30.9%
Recoveries36,79130,01922.6%
Balance at end of year$155,937$204,809-23.9%

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TABLE 9 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOAN AND LEASES

Year Ended December 31,Variance %
20212020
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-PCD
Mortgage
Charge-offs$(5,789)$(884)554.9%
Recoveries1,643606171.1%
Total(4,146)(278)1,391.4%
Commercial
Charge-offs(8,788)(4,979)76.5%
Recoveries2,4012,741-12.4%
Total(6,387)(2,238)185.4%
Consumer
Charge-offs(11,880)(21,772)-45.4%
Recoveries2,9003,582-19.0%
Total(8,980)(18,190)-50.6%
Auto and leasing
Charge-offs(26,530)(48,547)-45.4%
Recoveries23,97019,49423.0%
Total(2,560)(29,053)-91.2%
PCD Loans:
Mortgage
Charge-offs$(20,350)$(10,342)96.8%
Recoveries1,42385466.6%
Total(18,927)(9,488)99.5%
Commercial
Charge-offs(12,241)(36,097)(66.1)%
Recoveries2,929986197.1%
Total(9,312)(35,111)(73.5)%
Consumer
Charge-offs(22)(542)(95.9)%
Recoveries3162928.2%
Total294(250)(217.6)%
Auto and leasing
Charge-offs(946)(2,023)(53.2)%
Recoveries1,2091,464(17.4)%
Total263(559)(147.0)%
Total charge-offs(86,546)(125,186)(30.9)%
Total recoveries36,79130,01922.6%
Net credit losses$(49,755)$(95,167)(47.7)%

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TABLE 9 — NET CREDIT LOSSES STATISTICS ON LOAN AND LEASES (CONTINUED)

Year Ended December 31,Variance %
20212020
(Dollars in thousands)
Net credit losses to average loans outstanding:
Mortgage1.10%0.42%163.61%
Commercial0.66%1.55%-57.7%
Consumer2.12%3.95%-46.2%
Auto and leasing0.14%1.94%-92.7%
Total0.76%1.41%-46.0%
Recoveries to charge-offs42.51%23.98%77.3%
Average Loans Held for Investment
Mortgage$2,102,215$2,345,565-10.4%
Commercial2,392,6252,406,728-0.6%
Consumer408,995466,998-12.4%
Auto and leasing1,633,6531,529,2196.8%
Total$6,537,488$6,748,510-3.1%

TABLE 10 — NON-PERFORMING ASSETS

December 31,Variance %
20212020
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing assets:
Non-PCD
Non-accruing loans
Troubled-Debt Restructuring loans$24,539$28,297-13.3%
Other loans64,46582,122-21.5%
Accruing loans
Troubled-Debt Restructuring loans9,0873,411166.4%
Other loans1,03888916.8%
Total$99,129$114,719-13.6%
PCD12,87937,475-65.6%
Total non-performing loans$112,008$152,194-26.4%
Foreclosed real estate15,03911,59629.7%
Other repossessed assets1,9451,8167.1%
$128,992$165,606-22.1%
Non-performing assets to total assets1.30%1.69%-23.1%
Non-performing assets to total capital12.06%15.25%-20.9%
Year Ended December 31,
20212020
(In thousands)
Interest that would have been recorded in the period if the loans had not been classified as non-accruing loans$1,467$2,419

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TABLE 11 - NON-ACCRUAL LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20212020
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans
Non-PCD
Commercial$37,604$41,999-10.5%
Mortgage29,26843,430-32.6%
Consumer2,3034,224-45.5%
Auto and leasing19,82920,766-4.5%
Total$89,004$110,419-19.4%
PCD
Commercial$12,545$36,471-65.6%
Mortgage3341,003-66.7%
Consumer1-100.0%
Total$12,879$37,475-65.6%
Total non-accrual loans$101,883$147,894-31.1%
Non-accruals loans composition percentages:
Commercial49.2%53.1%
Mortgage29.1%30.0%
Consumer2.3%2.9%
Auto and leasing19.4%14.0%
100.0%100.0%
Non-accrual loans ratios:
Non-accrual loans to total loans1.59%2.22%-28.38%
Allowance for credit losses to non-accrual loans153.05%138.48%10.52%

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TABLE 12 - NON-PERFORMING LOANS

December 31,Variance %
20212020
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-performing loans
Non-PCD
Commercial$37,603$41,999-10.5%
Mortgage39,39447,730-17.5%
Consumer2,3034,224-45.5%
Auto and leasing19,82920,766-4.5%
Total$99,129$114,719-13.6%
PCD
Commercial$12,545$36,471-65.6%
Mortgage3341,003-66.7%
Consumer1-100.0%
Total$12,879$37,475-65.6%
Total non-performing loans$112,008$152,194-26.4%
Non-performing loans composition percentages:
Commercial44.8%51.6%
Mortgage35.5%32.0%
Consumer2.1%2.8%
Auto and leasing17.6%13.6%
100.0%100.0%
Non-performing loans to:
Total loans1.75%2.28%-23.25%
Total assets1.13%1.60%-29.4%
Total capital10.48%14.01%-25.2%
Non-performing loans with partial charge-offs to:
Total loans0.46%0.57%-19.3%
Non-performing loans26.53%24.81%6.9%
Other non-performing loans ratios:
Charge-off rate on non-performing loans to non-performing loans on which charge-offs have been taken170.31%151.33%12.5%
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans on which no charge-offs have been taken189.49%178.98%5.9%

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TABLE 13 - LIABILITIES SUMMARY AND COMPOSITION

December 31,Variance %
20212020
(Dollars in thousands)
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing deposits$2,501,644$2,259,04810.7%
NOW accounts2,702,6362,354,19414.8%
Savings and money market accounts2,177,7791,944,42612.0%
Certificates of deposit1,220,2621,856,400-34.3%
Total deposits8,602,3218,414,0682.2%
Accrued interest payable7971,572-49.3%
Total deposits and accrued interest payable8,603,1188,415,6402.2%
Borrowings:
Advances from FHLB28,48865,561-56.5%
Subordinated capital notes36,08336,0830.0%
Other term notes707-100.0%
Total borrowings64,571102,351-36.9%
Total deposits and borrowings8,667,6898,517,9911.8%
Other Liabilities:
Securities purchased not yet received%
Derivative liabilities8041,712-53.0%
Acceptances outstanding35,32933,3495.9%
Lease liability30,49832,566-6.4%
Other liabilities96,240154,418-37.7%
Total liabilities$8,830,560$8,740,0361.0%
Deposits portfolio composition percentages:
Non-interest bearing deposits29.1%26.8%
NOW accounts31.4%28.0%
Savings and money market accounts25.3%23.1%
Certificates of deposit14.2%22.1%
100.0%100.0%
Borrowings portfolio composition percentages:
Advances from FHLB44.1%64.1%
Subordinated capital notes55.9%35.2%
Other term notes0.0%0.7%
100.0%100.0%
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (excluding accrued interest)
Amount outstanding at period-end$$
Daily average outstanding balance$$50,492
Maximum outstanding balance at any month-end$$190,000

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Liabilities and Funding Sources

As shown in Table 13 above, at December 31, 2021, OFG’s total liabilities were $8.831 billion, 1.0% more than the $8.740 billion reported at December 31, 2020. Deposits and borrowings, OFG’s funding sources, amounted to $8.668 billion at December 31, 2021 compared to $8.518 billion at December 31, 2020. Deposits, excluding accrued interest payable, increased 2.2% mainly from higher core deposits by $824.4 million offset by decreases of $623.3 million and $37.7 million in time deposits and brokered deposits, respectively, associated with the maturity of CD's with the majority of them transferred into demand deposit and savings accounts. During the year ended December 31, 2021, money market deposit accounts were reclassified from brokered deposits to interest-bearing savings accounts as a result of an FDIC exemption from the brokered deposit definition. At December 31, 2021, these money market deposit accounts amounted to $22.5 million.

Borrowings consist mainly of FHLB-NY advances and subordinated capital notes. Borrowings decrease of $37.8 million reflects the early termination of $33.3 million in Federal Home Loan Bank advances with an average cost of 2.98% during 2021.

Stockholders’ Equity

At December 31, 2021, OFG’s total stockholders’ equity was $1.069 billion, a 2% decrease when compared to $1.086 billion at December 31, 2020. This reduction in stockholders’ equity reflects decreases in preferred stock of $92.0 million due to the Series A, Series B and Series D preferred stock redemptions; in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, of $5.9 million from changes in market rates; and in treasury stock of $47.6 million due to repurchases of $49.9 million common stocks, as part of the $50 million buyback program implemented during 2021. Decrease was offset by, increase in retained earnings of $99.9 million, mainly from 2021 net income, in legal surplus of $14.4 million, and in additional paid-in capital of $14.4 million. Book value per share was $21.54 at December 31, 2021 compared to $19.54 at December 31, 2020.

From December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021, tangible common equity to tangible total assets increased from 9.00% to 9.69%, leverage capital ratio decreased from 10.30% to 9.69%, tier 1 risk-based capital ratio decreased from 14.78% to 14.27%, and total risk-based capital ratio decreased from 16.04% to 15.52%, mainly as a result of the preferred stock redemptions and stock repurchase program during the year ended December 31, 2021. Common equity tier 1 capital ratio increased from 13.08% to 13.77%, mainly from net income during the year ended December 31, 2021, partially offset by the stock repurchase program.

Regulatory Capital

OFG and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements established by the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC. The current risk-based capital standards applicable to OFG and the Bank (“Basel III capital rules”), which have been effective since January 1, 2015, are based on the final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards, known as Basel III, of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. As of December 31, 2021, the capital ratios of OFG and the Bank continue to exceed the minimum requirements for being “well-capitalized” under the Basel III capital rules.

On January 1, 2020, the Company implemented CECL using the modified retrospective approach, with an impact to capital of $25.5 million, net of its corresponding deferred tax effect. On March 27, 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, U.S. banking regulators issued an interim final rule that the Company adopted to delay for two years the initial adoption impact of CECL on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period to phase out the aggregate amount of the capital benefit provided during 2020 and 2021 (i.e., a five-year transition period). During the two-year delay, OFG added back to common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) capital 100% of the initial adoption impact of CECL plus 25% of the cumulative quarterly changes in the allowance for credit losses (i.e., quarterly transitional amounts). After two years, starting on January 1, 2022, the quarterly transitional amounts along with the initial adoption impact of CECL will be phased out of CET1 capital over a three-year period.

The risk-based capital ratios presented in Table 14, which include common equity tier 1, tier 1 capital, total capital and leverage capital as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, are calculated based on the Basel III capital rules related to the measurement of capital, risk-weighted assets and average assets.

Please refer to the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of our 2020 annual report on Form 10-K for detailed information for the year ended December 31, 2019.

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The following are OFG’s consolidated capital ratios under the Basel III capital rules at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

TABLE 14 — CAPITAL, DIVIDENDS AND STOCK DATA

December 31,Variance
20212020%
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Capital data:
Stockholders’ equity$1,069,160$1,085,975(1.5)%
Regulatory Capital Ratios data:
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio13.77%13.08%5.3%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio required4.50%4.50%0.0%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$964,284894,0757.9%
Minimum common equity tier 1 capital required$315,219307,7032.4%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$175,122170,9462.4%
Excess over regulatory requirement$473,943415,42614.1%
Risk-weighted assets$7,004,8766,837,8462.4%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio14.27%14.78%(3.5)%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio required6.00%6.00%0.0%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$999,284$1,010,945(1.2)%
Minimum tier 1 risk-based capital required$420,293$140,271199.6%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$175,122170,9462.4%
Excess over regulatory requirement$403,869$429,728(6.0)%
Risk-weighted assets$7,004,876$6,837,8462.4%
Total risk-based capital ratio15.52%16.04%(3.2)%
Minimum total risk-based capital ratio required8.00%8.00%0.0%
Actual total risk-based capital$1,086,897$1,096,766(0.9)%
Minimum total risk-based capital required$560,390$547,0282.4%
Minimum capital conservation buffer required (2.5%)$175,122170,9462.4%
Excess over regulatory requirement$351,385$378,792(7.2)%
Risk-weighted assets$7,004,876$6,837,8462.4%
Leverage capital ratio9.69%10.30%(5.9)%
Minimum leverage capital ratio required4.00%4.00%0.0%
Actual tier 1 capital$999,284$1,010,945(1.2)%
Minimum tier 1 capital required$412,359$392,4245.1%
Excess over regulatory requirement$586,925$618,521(5.1)%
Tangible common equity to total assets9.57%8.88%7.8%
Tangible common equity to risk-weighted assets13.52%12.75%6.0%
Total equity to total assets10.80%11.05%-2.3%
Total equity to risk-weighted assets15.26%15.88%(3.9)%
Stock data:
Outstanding common shares49,636,35251,387,071(3.4)%
Book value per common share$21.54$19.5410.2%
Tangible book value per common share$19.08$16.9712.4%
Market price at end of year$26.56$18.5443.3%
Market capitalization at end of year$1,318,342$952,71638.4%

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Year Ended December 31,Variance
20212020%
(Dollars in thousands)
Common dividend data:
Cash dividends declared$20,505$14,38142.6%
Cash dividends declared per share$0.40$0.2842.9%
Payout ratio14.19%21.20%-33.1%
Dividend yield1.50%1.51%(0.7)%

The following table presents a reconciliation of OFG’s total stockholders’ equity to tangible common equity and total assets to tangible assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

December 31,
20212020
(In thousands, except share or per share information)
Total stockholders' equity$1,069,160$1,085,975
Preferred stock$(92,000)
Preferred stock issuance costs$10,130
Goodwill(86,069)$(86,069)
Core deposit intangible(27,630)$(34,983)
Customer relationship intangible(8,368)$(10,629)
Other intangibles(95)$(284)
Total tangible common equity (non-GAAP)$946,998$872,140
Total assets$9,899,7209,826,011
Goodwill(86,069)(86,069)
Core deposit intangible(27,630)(34,983)
Customer relationship intangible(8,368)(10,629)
Other intangibles(95)(284)
Total tangible assets$9,777,558$9,694,046
Tangible common equity to tangible assets9.69%9.00%
Common shares outstanding at end of period49,636,35251,387,071
Tangible book value per common share$19.08$16.97

The tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share are non-GAAP measures and, unlike tier 1 capital and common equity tier 1 capital, are not codified in the federal banking regulations. Management and many stock analysts use the tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations. Neither tangible common equity nor tangible assets or related measures should be considered in isolation or as a substitute for stockholders’ equity, total assets or any other measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, the manner in which OFG calculates its tangible common equity, tangible assets and any other related measures may differ from that of other companies reporting measures with similar names.

Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. To mitigate these limitations, OFG has procedures in place to calculate these measures using the appropriate GAAP or regulatory components. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP.

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The following table presents OFG’s capital adequacy information under the Basel III capital rules:

December 31,Variance
20212020%
(Dollars in thousands)
Risk-based capital:
Common equity tier 1 capital$964,284$894,0757.9%
Additional tier 1 capital35,000116,870(70.1)%
Tier 1 capital999,2841,010,945(1.2)%
Additional Tier 2 capital87,61385,8202.1%
Total risk-based capital$1,086,897$1,096,765(0.9)%
Risk-weighted assets:
Balance sheet items$6,406,115$6,338,5241.1%
Off-balance sheet items598,761499,32219.9%
Total risk-weighted assets$7,004,876$6,837,8462.4%
Ratios:
Common equity tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 7%)13.77%13.08%5.3%
Tier 1 capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 8.5%)14.27%14.78%(3.5)%
Total capital (minimum required, including capital conservation buffer - 10.5%)15.52%16.04%(3.2)%
Leverage ratio (minimum required - 4%)9.69%10.30%(5.9)%
Equity to assets10.80%11.05%-2.3%
Tangible common equity to assets9.57%8.88%7.8%

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The Bank is considered “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The table below shows the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2021 and 2020:

December 31,Variance
20212020%
(Dollars in thousands)
Oriental Bank Regulatory Capital Ratios:
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.09%14.06%(6.90)%
Actual common equity tier 1 capital$908,717$956,845(5.0)%
Minimum capital requirement (4.5%)$312,371$306,2062.0%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$173,540$170,1142.0%
Minimum to be well capitalized (6.5%)$451,203$442,2972.0%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets13.09%14.06%(6.9)%
Actual tier 1 risk-based capital$908,717$956,845(5.0)%
Minimum capital requirement (6%)$416,495$408,2742.0%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$173,540$170,1142.0%
Minimum to be well capitalized (8%)$555,327$544,3662.0%
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets14.34%15.32%(6.4)%
Actual total risk-based capital$995,549$1,042,255(4.5)%
Minimum capital requirement (8%)$555,327$544,3662.0%
Minimum capital conservation buffer requirement (2.5%)$173,540$170,1142.0%
Minimum to be well capitalized (10%)$694,159$680,4572.0%
Total Tier 1 Capital to Average Total Assets8.87%9.81%(9.6)%
Actual tier 1 capital$908,717$956,845(5.0)%
Minimum capital requirement (4%)$409,855$390,3045.0%
Minimum to be well capitalized (5%)$512,319$487,8795.0%

OFG’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “OFG.” At December 31, 2021 and 2020, OFG’s market capitalization for its outstanding common stock was $1.318 billion ($26.56 per share) and $952.7 million ($18.54 per share), respectively.

The following table provides the high and low prices and dividends per share of OFG’s common stock for each quarter of the last three calendar years:

Cash
PriceDividend
HighLowPer share
2021
December 31, 2021$27.33$23.84$0.12
September 30, 2021$25.66$20.04$0.12
June 30, 2021$25.14$21.61$0.08
March 31, 2021$22.93$16.48$0.08
2020
December 31, 2020$18.54$12.59$0.07
September 30, 2020$14.35$12.12$0.07
June 30, 2020$15.10$9.38$0.07
March 31, 2020$23.50$9.32$0.07
2019
December 31, 2019$23.61$20.00$0.07
September 30, 2019$24.20$19.84$0.07
June 30, 2019$23.77$18.78$0.07
March 31, 2019$21.24$16.37$0.07

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In July 2021, OFG announced that its Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program to purchase $50 million of its common stock in the open market. As of December 31, 2021, OFG completed the stock repurchase program and repurchased approximately 2.1 million shares of its common stock for a total aggregate purchase price of $49.9 million at an average of $24.29 per share.

Under OFG’s $5.5 million repurchase program effective in 2020, OFG repurchased 175,000 shares of common stock for a total aggregate purchase price of $2.2 million, at an average price of $12.69 per share.

OFG did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, other than through its publicly announced stock repurchase programs.