Lovesac Co (LOVE)

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As discussed in the section titled “Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We operate on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the Sunday closest to February 1. Each fiscal year generally is comprised of four 13-week fiscal quarters, although in the years with 53 weeks, the fourth quarter represents a 14-week period. The fiscal year ended February 2, 2025 consisted of 52 weeks. Fiscal years 2024 and 2023 consisted of 53 weeks and 52 weeks, respectively.

Overview

We are a technology driven company that designs, manufactures and sells unique, high quality furniture derived through our proprietary "Designed for Life" approach which results in products that are built to last a lifetime and designed to evolve as our customers’ lives do. Our current product offering is comprised of modular couches called Sactionals, premium foam beanbag chairs called Sacs, the immersive surround sound home theater system called StealthTech, and the

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most recently launched PillowSacTM Accent Chair and Sactionals Reclining Seat. Innovation is at the center of our design philosophy with all of our core products protected by a robust portfolio of utility patents. We market and sell our products through an omni-channel platform that includes direct-to-consumer touch points in the form of our own showrooms, which include our mobile concierge and kiosks, and online directly at www.lovesac.com. We believe that our ecommerce centric approach, coupled with our ability to deliver our large upholstered products through express couriers, is unique to the furniture industry.

Our Operations

See Item 1. Business for information on our products, customers, business model, channels, growth strategies, seasonality and other factors describing our business.

Factors Affecting Our Operating Results

While our growth strategy has contributed to our improving operating results, it also presents significant risks and challenges. The timing and magnitude of new showroom openings, existing showroom renovations, and marketing activities may affect our results of operations in future periods. These strategic initiatives will require substantial expenditures.

Other factors that could affect our results of operations in future periods include:

Macroeconomic Factors

There are a number of macroeconomic factors and uncertainties affecting the overall business environment and our business, including increased inflation, elevated interest rates, housing market conditions, consumer debt and available credit, increased tariffs and trade restrictions, global conflicts and uncertainties in the global financial markets. These factors may have a negative impact on markets in which we operate, including the potential for an economic recession, a continued downturn in the housing market, and a reduction in consumer discretionary spending. We believe that these macroeconomic factors have contributed to the slowdown in demand that we have experienced in our business which may continue in future periods.

Seasonality in Quarterly Results

Our business is seasonal. As a result, our revenues fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which often affects the comparability of our results between periods. Working capital requirements are typically higher in the third fiscal quarter due to inventory built-up in advance of the holiday selling season. Net sales are historically higher in the fourth fiscal quarter due primarily to the impact of the holiday selling season. As such, results of a period shorter than a full year may not be indicative of results expected for the entire year.

Competition

The retail industry is highly competitive and retailers compete based on a variety of factors, including design, quality, price and customer service. Levels of competition and the ability of our competitors to attract customers through competitive pricing or other factors may impact our results of operations.

How We Assess the Performance of Our Business

We consider a variety of financial and operating measures, including the following, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

Net Sales

Net sales reflect our sale of merchandise plus shipping and handling revenue less returns and discounts. Net sales made at Company operated showrooms, including shop-in-shops and pop-up-shops, and via the web are recognized, typically at the point of transference of title when the goods are shipped.

Omni-channel Comparable Net Sales

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Omni-channel comparable net sales is a measure that highlights the performance of our existing locations and websites by measuring the change in net sales for a period over the comparable prior-period of equivalent length. Comparable net sales includes sales at all retail locations and online, open greater than 12 months (including remodels and relocations) and excludes closed stores. Comparable net sales is intended only as supplemental information and is not a substitute for net sales presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

New Customer

We define a customer as new when the customer has completed a transaction at Lovesac either at a showroom or internet channel only for the first time. Repeat customers accounted for approximately 46.8% of all transactions in fiscal 2025 compared to 43.6% in fiscal 2024. We expect a healthy mix between new and repeat customers in our transaction mix as we spend on acquiring new customers.

Cost of Merchandise Sold

Cost of merchandise sold includes the direct cost of sold merchandise; inventory shrinkage; inventory adjustments due to obsolescence, including excess and slow-moving inventory and lower of cost or net realizable value reserves; inbound freight; freight costs to ship merchandise to our showrooms, and warehousing and all logistics costs associated with shipping product to our customers. Certain competitors and other retailers may report gross profit differently than we do, by excluding from gross profit some or all of the costs related to their distribution network and instead including them in selling, general and administrative expenses. As a result, the reporting of our gross profit and profit margin may not be comparable to other companies.

The primary drivers of our cost of merchandise sold are raw materials costs, labor costs in the countries where we source our merchandise, and logistics costs. We expect gross profit to increase to the extent that we successfully grow our net sales and continue to realize scale economics with our manufacturing partners. We review our inventory levels on an ongoing basis in order to identify slow-moving merchandise and use product markdowns to efficiently sell these products. The timing and level of markdowns are driven primarily by customer acceptance of our merchandise.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is equal to our net sales less cost of merchandise sold. Gross profit as a percentage of our net sales is referred to as gross margin.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include all operating costs, other than advertising and marketing expense and depreciation and amortization, not included in cost of merchandise sold. These expenses include all payroll and payroll-related expenses; showroom expenses, including occupancy costs related to showroom operations, such as rent and common area maintenance; occupancy and expenses related to many of our operations at our headquarters, including utilities, equity based compensation, financing related expense; public company expenses; customer financing fees; and credit card transaction fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales is usually higher in lower volume quarters and lower in higher volume quarters because a significant portion of the costs are relatively fixed.

Historically, our revenue growth has been accompanied by increased selling, general and administrative expenses. The most significant components of these increases are payroll and rent costs. We expect these expenses to increase as we grow our business. We expect to leverage total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales as net sales volumes continue to grow. We expect to continue to invest in infrastructure to support the Company’s growth. Our continued infrastructure investments include research and development costs on our existing and future products and foundational technology investments to support our continued growth. These investments will lessen the impact of expense leveraging during the period of investment with the greater impact of expense leveraging happening after the period of investment. However, total selling, general and administrative expenses generally will leverage during the periods of investments with the greatest leverage occurring within the fourth quarter.

Advertising and Marketing Expense

Advertising and marketing expense include digital, social, and traditional advertising and marketing initiatives, that cover all of our business channels. Advertising and marketing expenses are projected to rise as the Company drives net sales growth, supported by ongoing investments in these areas and careful monitoring to ensure efficient resource allocation..

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Basis of Presentation and Results of Operations

The following discussion provides an analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations from management's perspective and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included in this report. The discussion in this Form 10-K generally focuses on fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. Our fiscal 2024 results contain an additional, non-comparable 53rd week when compared to fiscal 2025. A discussion of our results of operations and changes in financial condition for fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023 has been excluded from this report, but can be found in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our fiscal 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes key components of our results of operations for fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023:

Other Operational Data

Our recent showroom growth is summarized in the following table:

(1) Showrooms open at the end of the period include 1 kiosk and 2 mobile concierges as of fiscal 2025, and 6 kiosks and 2 mobile concierges as of fiscal 2024.

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Fiscal 2025 Compared to Fiscal 2024

Net sales

Net sales decreased $19.7 million, or 2.8%, in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024 driven by a decrease of 9.3% in omni-channel comparable net sales, partially offset by new showroom openings. New customers increased by 1.4% in fiscal 2025 as compared to 13.3% in fiscal 2024.

Showroom net sales decreased $11.5 million, or 2.6% in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024.

Internet sales (sales made directly to customers through our ecommerce channel) decreased $3.5 million, or 1.7%, in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024.

Other sales, which include pop-up-shop sales, shop-in-shop sales and barter inventory transactions, decreased $4.6 million, or 7.4% in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a reduction in barter transactions coupled with lower productivity of our temporary online pop-up-shops on Costco.com, partially offset by an increase in Best Buy shop-in-shop sales. We opened 5 additional Best Buy shop-in-shop locations compared to the prior year.

Gross profit

Gross profit decreased $3.2 million, or 0.8%, in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. Gross margin increased 120 basis points to 58.5% of net sales in fiscal 2025 from 57.3% of net sales in fiscal 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a decrease of 240 basis points in inbound transportation costs, partially offset by a decrease of 80 basis points in product margin driven by higher promotional discounting and an increase of 40 basis points in outbound transportation and warehousing costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

SG&A expenses increased $17.2 million, or 6.5%, in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. The increase was primarily related to increases of $15.8 million in payroll, $3.7 million in equity-based compensation, $1.7 million in rent, $1.5 million related to a settlement with the SEC, and $1.1 million in professional fees, partially offset by decreases of $5.0 million in credit card fees and $1.6 million in other overhead costs. As a percentage of net sales, SG&A was 41.4% in fiscal 2025, compared to 37.7% in fiscal 2024.

Advertising and marketing expenses

Advertising and marketing expenses decreased $6.1 million, or 6.4%, in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024. Advertising and marketing expenses were 12.9% and 13.4% of net sales in fiscal 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $2.1 million, or 16.7%, in fiscal 2025 compared to fiscal 2024, primarily driven by assets being placed into service related to leasehold improvements for new showrooms.

Interest and other income, net

Interest and other income, net was $2.8 million in fiscal 2025 compared to $1.7 million in fiscal 2024. The increase in interest income was primarily the result of higher cash deposits in the Company's interest-bearing bank accounts combined with higher interest rates.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense was $4.9 million in fiscal 2025 compared to $8.0 million in fiscal 2024. The decrease is primarily driven by lower net income before taxes, partially offset by an increase in the effective tax rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Our business relies on cash flows from operations, our revolving line of credit (see “Revolving Line of Credit” below) and securities issuances as our primary sources of liquidity. At February 2, 2025, we had $83.7 million in cash and cash

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equivalents. Our primary cash needs are for marketing and advertising, inventory, payroll, showroom rent, capital expenditures associated with opening new showrooms and updating existing showrooms, as well as infrastructure and information technology. We periodically use cash to repurchase shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program. The most significant components of our working capital are cash and cash equivalents, merchandise inventory, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued expenses, customer deposits, and other current liabilities. We believe that cash expected to be generated from operations, the availability under our revolving line of credit and our existing cash balances are sufficient to meet working capital requirements and anticipated capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.

Capital Expenditures

Historically, we have invested significant capital expenditures in opening new showrooms and updating existing showrooms. These capital expenditures have increased in the past and may continue to increase in future periods as we open additional showrooms. Capital expenditures are anticipated to support our showroom growth, including capital outlays for leasehold improvements, fixtures and equipment, and the construction of new showrooms. Cash paid for capital expenditures was $21.5 million in fiscal 2025. Capital expenditures are projected to be in the range of $22.0 million to $28.0 million for fiscal 2026.

Leases

The majority of our operating leases relate to company showrooms. We also lease our corporate facilities. At February 2, 2025, we had aggregate lease obligations of $222.9 million, with $32.0 million payable within 12 months. See Note 6, “Leases” of the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion of our operating leases.

Cash Flow Analysis

The following table summarizes operating, investing, and financing activities for fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023:

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities consists primarily of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, equity based compensation, non-cash lease expense, and deferred income taxes, and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $39.0 million in fiscal 2025, a decrease from $76.4 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by lower net income and changes in working capital related to inventory management actions and income taxes paid. The decrease was partially offset by cash inflows resulting from the timing of payments to vendors.

Net cash used in investing activities

Investing activities consist primarily of investments related to capital expenditures for new showroom openings and the acquisition of intangible assets.

Net cash used in investing activities was $21.5 million in fiscal 2025, a decrease from $29.2 million in the prior year period, primarily attributable to a reduction in capital expenditures, driven by a year-over-year decrease in the number of new showroom openings.

Net cash used in financing activities

Financing activities consist primarily of repurchases of our common stock, taxes paid for the net settlement of equity awards and payment of deferred financing costs.

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Net cash used in financing activities was $20.8 million in fiscal 2025, an increase from $3.7 million in the prior year period, primarily resulting from repurchases of our common stock beginning in fiscal 2025.

Revolving Line of Credit

On March 25, 2022, we amended our existing credit agreement providing for an asset-based revolving credit facility with the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo Bank"), as administrative agent. The maturity date of our credit agreement was extended to March 25, 2024 and, among other things, the maximum revolver commitment was increased from $25.0 million to $40.0 million, subject to borrowing base and availability restrictions. Our credit agreement includes a $1,000,000 sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $4,000,000 sublimit for swing line loans.

We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.30% based on the daily unused portion of the credit facility. Amounts outstanding under the credit facility, at our option, bear interest at either a base rate or a term secured overnight term rate ("SOFR") based rate, plus, in either case, a margin determined by reference to our quarterly average excess availability under the credit facility and ranging from 0.50% to 0.75% for borrowings accruing interest at base rate and from 1.625% to 1.850% for borrowings accruing interest at term SOFR. Swing line loans will at all times accrue interest at a base rate plus the applicable margin. The lower margins described above will apply initially and will adjust thereafter from time to time based on the quarterly average excess availability under the credit facility.

On March 24, 2023, the Company amended the credit agreement to extend the maturity date to September 30, 2024. On July 29, 2024, we amended the credit agreement to add an uncommitted accordion feature that allows the Company, subject to certain customary conditions, to increase the size of the revolving credit facility by $10 million and, among other things, extend the maturity date of the loans made under the Amendment from September 30, 2024 to July 29, 2029. For additional information regarding our line of credit with Wells Fargo Bank, see Note 8. Financing Arrangements in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report. As of February 2, 2025 and February 4, 2024, the Company’s borrowing availability under the line of credit was $32.6 million and $36.0 million, respectively, and there were no outstanding borrowings under our credit facility.

Share Repurchase

On June 11, 2024, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $40.0 million of shares of our common stock. Under the share repurchase program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in the open market, privately negotiated transactions and accelerated share repurchase. The timing, volume and nature of share repurchases, if any, will be at our sole discretion and will be dependent on market conditions, liquidity, applicable securities laws, and other factors. We may suspend or discontinue the share repurchase program at any time. We plan on funding any repurchases in the future with our current cash and cash equivalents and future cash flows.

As of February 2, 2025, we had $20.1 million available to repurchase shares pursuant to the share repurchase program. For additional information, see Note 9. Stockholders' Equity in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions. Because of the uncertainty inherent in these matters, actual results may differ from these estimates and could differ based upon other assumptions and conditions. In applying these policies, management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, and other various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. We continue to monitor the effects of global macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty,general market, political and economic conditions.

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All of our significant accounting policies are outlined in Note 1. Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report. There have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies during fiscal 2025.

Barter Arrangements

The Company has a bartering arrangement with a third-party vendor, whereby the Company will provide inventory in exchange for media credits. Barter sales transaction with commercial substance are recorded at a transaction price based on the estimated fair value of the non-cash consideration of the media credits to be received and the revenue is recognized when control of inventory is transferred, which is when the inventory is picked up in our warehouse. Fair value is estimated using various considerations, including the cost of similar media advertising if transacted directly, the expected sales price of product given up in exchange for the media credits, and the expected usage of media credits prior to expiration based on forecasted media spend subject to media credits under the barter arrangement. Projecting marketing spend requires estimating such factors as sales growth, inflation, overall economics of the retail industry, and changes in marketing trends, and are therefore subject to variability and difficult to predict, among other things. The Company recognizes an asset for media credits which is subsequently evaluated for impairment at each reporting period for any changes in circumstances. For fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023, the Company recognized $9.0 million, $12.3 million, and $21.3 million, respectively, of barter sales in exchange for media credits. The Company had $36.7 million and $32.8 million of unused media credits as of February 2, 2025, and February 4, 2024, respectively, and did not recognize any impairment.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and right-of-use assets from leases. Property and equipment includes leasehold improvements, and other tangible assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for potential impairment at such time that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recovered. We evaluate for impairment at the individual showroom level, which is the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. When evaluating long-lived assets for potential impairment, we will first compare the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows for the respective long-lived asset. If the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying amounts of the assets, an impairment loss is measured as the excess of the carrying value over its fair value. We estimate fair value based on future discounted cash flow based on our historical operations of the showroom and estimates of future showroom profitability and economic conditions. These estimates include factors such as sales growth, gross margin, employment costs, lease escalation, and overall macroeconomic conditions, and are therefore subject to variability. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. If required, an impairment loss is recorded for that portion of the assets' carrying value in excess of fair value.

In fiscal 2025, 2024, and 2023, we did not recognize any impairment charges for any long-lived assets.

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise inventories are comprised of finished goods which are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value, including warehousing and capitalized freight costs. Cost is determined on a weighted-average method basis. Merchandise inventories consist primarily of foam filled furniture, sectional couches, and related accessories. We adjust our inventory for obsolescence based on historical trends, aging reports, specific identification and its estimates of future retail sales prices. In addition, we include capitalized freight and warehousing costs in inventory related to the finished goods in inventory.

Operating Leases

The Company determines if a long-term contractual obligation is a lease at inception. The majority of our operating leases relate to company showrooms. We also lease our corporate facilities. These operating leases expire at various dates through fiscal 2035. Showroom leases may include options that allow us to extend the lease term beyond the initial base period, subject to terms agreed upon at lease inception. Some leases also include early termination options, which can be exercised under specific conditions. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company records lease liabilities at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted at the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at possession date in determining the present value of lease payments.

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We recognize operating lease cost over the estimated term of the lease, which includes options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised, starting when possession of the property is taken from the landlord, which normally includes a construction period prior to the showroom opening. When a lease contains a predetermined fixed escalation of the fixed rent, we recognize the related operating lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In addition, certain of our lease agreements include variable lease payments, such as payments based on a percentage of sales that are in excess of a predetermined level and/or increases based on a change in the consumer price index or fair market value. These variable lease payments are excluded from minimum lease payments and are included in the determination of net lease cost when it is probable that the expense has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If an operating lease asset is impaired, the remaining operating lease asset will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1. Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As discussed in the section titled “Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We operate on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the Sunday closest to February 1. Each fiscal year generally is comprised of four 13-week fiscal quarters, although in the years with 53 weeks, the fourth quarter represents a 14-week period. The fiscal year ended February 4, 2024 consisted of 53 weeks. Fiscal year 2023 and 2022 each consisted of 52 weeks.

Overview

We are a technology driven company that designs, manufactures and sells unique, high quality furniture derived through our proprietary "Designed for Life" approach which results in products that are built to last a lifetime and designed to evolve as our customers’ lives do. Our current product offering is comprised of modular couches called Sactionals, premium foam beanbag chairs called Sacs, and their associated home decor accessories. Innovation is at the center of our design philosophy with all of our core products protected by a robust portfolio of utility patents. We market and sell our products through an omni-channel platform that includes direct-to-consumer touch points in the form of our own showrooms, which include our mobile concierge and kiosks, and online directly at www.lovesac.com. We believe that our ecommerce centric approach, coupled with our ability to deliver our large upholstered products through express couriers, is unique to the furniture industry.

Our Operations

See Item 1. Business for information on our products, customers, business model, channels, growth strategies, seasonality and other factors describing our business.

Factors Affecting Our Operating Results

While our growth strategy has contributed to our improving operating results, it also presents significant risks and challenges. The timing and magnitude of new showroom openings, existing showroom renovations, and marketing activities may affect our results of operations in future periods. These strategic initiatives will require substantial expenditures.

Other factors that could affect our results of operations in future periods include:

Macroeconomic Factors

There are a number of macroeconomic factors and uncertainties affecting the overall business environment and our business, including increased inflation, rising interest rates, housing market conditions, consumer debt and available credit, global conflicts and uncertainties in the global financial markets. These factors may have a negative impact on markets in

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which we operate, including the potential for an economic recession, a continued downturn in the housing market, and a reduction in consumer discretionary spending. We believe that these macroeconomic factors have contributed to the slowdown in demand that we have experienced in our business which may continue in future periods.

Seasonality in Quarterly Results

Our business is seasonal. As a result, our revenues fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which often affects the comparability of our results between periods. Working capital requirements are typically higher in the third fiscal quarter due to inventory built-up in advance of the holiday selling season. Net sales are historically higher in the fourth fiscal quarter due primarily to the impact of the holiday selling season. As such, results of a period shorter than a full year may not be indicative of results expected for the entire year.

Competition

The retail industry is highly competitive and retailers compete based on a variety of factors, including design, quality, price and customer service. Levels of competition and the ability of our competitors to attract customers through competitive pricing or other factors may impact our results of operations.

How We Assess the Performance of Our Business

We consider a variety of financial and operating measures, including the following, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

Net Sales

Net sales reflect our sale of merchandise plus shipping and handling revenue less returns and discounts. Sales made at Company operated showrooms, including shop-in-shops and pop-up-shops, and via the web are recognized, typically at the point of transference of title when the goods are shipped.

Omni-channel Comparable Net Sales

Omni-channel comparable net sales is a measure that highlights the performance of our existing locations and websites by measuring the change in net sales for a period over the comparable prior-period of equivalent length. Comparable net sales includes sales at all retail locations and online, open greater than 12 months (including remodels and relocations) and excludes closed stores. Comparable net sales is intended only as supplemental information and is not a substitute for net sales presented in accordance with GAAP. In fiscal year 2024, we updated how we calculate comparable sales to better reflect our business, store growth and omni-channel sales approach.

New Customer

We define a customer as new when the customer has completed a transaction at Lovesac either at a showroom or internet channel only for the first time. In fiscal 2024, we updated how we calculate new and repeat customers to better reflect business across all of our channels as well as the purchase cycle of the categories in which we compete. Repeat customers accounted for approximately 43.6% of all transactions in fiscal 2024 compared to 41.3% in fiscal 2023. We expect a healthy mix between new and repeat customers in our transaction mix as we spend on acquiring new customers.

Cost of Merchandise Sold

Cost of merchandise sold includes the direct cost of sold merchandise; inventory shrinkage; inventory adjustments due to obsolescence, including excess and slow-moving inventory and lower of cost or net realizable value reserves; inbound freight; all freight costs to ship merchandise to our showrooms, and warehousing and all logistics costs associated with shipping product to our customers. Certain of our competitors and other retailers may report gross profit differently than we do, by excluding from gross profit some or all of the costs related to their distribution network and instead including them in selling, general and administrative expenses. As a result, the reporting of our gross profit and profit margin may not be comparable to other companies.

The primary drivers of our cost of merchandise sold are raw materials costs, labor costs in the countries where we source our merchandise, and logistics costs. We expect gross profit to increase to the extent that we successfully grow our net sales and continue to realize scale economics with our manufacturing partners. We review our inventory levels on an

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ongoing basis in order to identify slow-moving merchandise and use product markdowns to efficiently sell these products. The timing and level of markdowns are driven primarily by customer acceptance of our merchandise.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is equal to our net sales less cost of merchandise sold. Gross profit as a percentage of our net sales is referred to as gross margin.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include all operating costs, other than advertising and marketing expense, not included in cost of merchandise sold. These expenses include all payroll and payroll-related expenses; showroom expenses, including occupancy costs related to showroom operations, such as rent and common area maintenance; occupancy and expenses related to many of our operations at our headquarters, including utilities, equity based compensation, financing related expense; public company expenses; customer financing fees; and credit card transaction fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales is usually higher in lower volume quarters and lower in higher volume quarters because a significant portion of the costs are relatively fixed.

Our recent revenue growth has been accompanied by increased selling, general and administrative expenses. The most significant components of these increases are payroll and rent costs. We expect these expenses, as well as rent expense associated with the opening of new showrooms, to increase as we grow our business. We expect to leverage total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales as net sales volumes continue to grow. We expect to continue to invest in infrastructure to support the Company’s growth. Our continued infrastructure investments will include research and development costs on our existing and future products and foundational technology investments to support our continued growth. These investments will lessen the impact of expense leveraging during the period of investment with the greater impact of expense leveraging happening after the period of investment. However, total selling, general and administrative expenses generally will leverage during the periods of investments with the greatest leverage occurring within the fourth quarter.

Advertising and Marketing Expense

Advertising and marketing expense include digital, social, and traditional advertising and marketing initiatives, that cover all of our business channels. Advertising and marketing expense is expected to continue to increase as a percentage of net sales as we continue to invest in advertising and marketing which has accelerated net sales growth.

Basis of Presentation and Results of Operations

The following discussion provides an analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations from management's perspective and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes included in this report. The discussion in this Form 10-K generally focuses on fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. Our fiscal 2024 results contain an additional, non-comparable 53rd week when compared to fiscal 2023. A discussion of our results of operations and changes in financial condition for fiscal 2023 compared to fiscal 2022 has been excluded from this report, but can be found in Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our fiscal 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by Amendment No. 1 and Amendment No. 2 on Form 10-K/A filed on November 2, 2023 and November 30, 2023, respectively.

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Results of Operations

The following table summarizes key components of our results of operations for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022:

Other Operational Data

Our recent showroom growth is summarized in the following table:

(1) Showrooms open at the end of the period include 6 kiosks and 2 mobile concierges as of fiscal 2024, and 13 kiosks and 2 mobile concierges as of fiscal 2023.

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Fiscal 2024 Compared to Fiscal 2023

Net sales

Net sales increased $49.1 million, or 7.5%, in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period. The increase in overall net sales was driven by new showroom openings, partially offset by a decrease of 4.1% in omni-channel comparable net sales. New customers increased by 13.3% in fiscal 2024 as compared to 6.5% in the prior year period.

Showroom net sales increased $39.2 million, or 9.8% in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period.

Internet sales (sales made directly to customers through our ecommerce channel) increased $23.3 million, or 13.2%, in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period driven by strong promotional campaigns.

Other sales, which include pop-up-shop sales, shop-in-shop sales and barter inventory transactions, decreased $13.4 million, or 17.5% in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period. This decrease was principally due to the timing of inventory barter transactions coupled with lower productivity of our temporary online pop-up-shops on Costco.com, partially offset by an increase of 311 Costco in store pop-up-shops compared to the prior year period. We also opened 22 additional Best Buy shop-in-shop locations compared to the prior year period.

Gross profit

Gross profit increased $57.3 million, or 16.7%, in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period. Gross margin increased to 57.3% of net sales in fiscal 2024 from 52.8% of net sales in the prior year period. The increase in gross margin percentage of 450 basis points was primarily driven by a decrease of approximately 550 basis points in total distribution and related tariff expenses, partially offset by a decrease of 100 basis points in product margin driven by higher promotional discounting. The decrease in total distribution and related tariff expenses over prior year is principally related to the positive impact of 670 basis points decrease in inbound transportation costs partially offset by 120 basis points in higher outbound transportation and warehousing costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $48.3 million, or 22.4%, in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily related to an increase in employment costs, overhead expenses, selling related expenses and rent. Employment costs increased by $21.3 million driven by an increase in new hires. Overhead expenses increased $18.6 million mainly consisting of an increase of $13.2 million in investments in the business to support current and future growth and $11.7 million in professional fees primarily related to the restatement of previously issued financial statements, partially offset by a $6.3 million decrease in equity-based compensation. Selling related expenses increased $6.0 million principally due to credit card fees related to the increase in net sales and an increase in credit card rates. Rent increased by $2.4 million related to a $6.1 million increase in rent expense from our net addition of 35 showrooms partially offset by a $3.7 million reduction in percentage rent. Selling, general and administrative expenses were 37.7% of net sales in fiscal 2024, an increase of 450 basis points as compared to 33.2% of net sales in the prior year period.

Advertising and marketing expenses

Advertising and marketing expenses increased $14.2 million, or 17.8%, in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period. The increase in advertising and marketing costs relates to ongoing investments in marketing spends to support our net sales growth. Advertising and marketing expenses were 13.4% and 12.3% of net sales in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $1.8 million, or 16.2%, in fiscal 2024 compared to the prior year period. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is principally related to capital investments for new showrooms in fiscal 2024.

Interest income (expense), net

Interest income was $1.7 million in fiscal 2024 compared to interest expense of $0.1 million in fiscal 2023. Interest income earned on the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balances was favorable from higher interest rates compared to the prior year period.

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Provision for income taxes

Income tax expense was $8.0 million in fiscal 2024 compared to $10.4 million in fiscal 2023. The change in provision is primarily driven by lower net income before taxes, partially offset by a decrease in the effective tax rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Our business relies on cash flows from operations, our revolving line of credit (see “Revolving Line of Credit” below) and securities issuances as our primary sources of liquidity. At February 4, 2024, we had $87.0 million in cash and cash equivalents. Our primary cash needs are for marketing and advertising, inventory, payroll, showroom rent, capital expenditures associated with opening new showrooms and updating existing showrooms, as well as infrastructure and information technology. The most significant components of our working capital are cash and cash equivalents, merchandise inventory, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other current liabilities and customer deposits. We believe that cash expected to be generated from operations, the availability under our revolving line of credit and our existing cash balances are sufficient to meet working capital requirements and anticipated capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.

Capital Expenditures

Historically, we have invested significant capital expenditures in opening new showrooms and updating existing showrooms. These capital expenditures have increased in the past and may continue to increase in future periods as we open additional showrooms. Capital expenditures are anticipated to support our showroom growth, including capital outlays for leasehold improvements, fixtures and equipment, and the construction of new showrooms. Capital expenditures during fiscal 2025 are projected to be in the range of $22.0 million to $30.0 million. Capital expenditures were $29.2 million in fiscal 2024.

Leases

The majority of our operating leases relate to company showrooms. We also lease our corporate facilities. At February 4, 2024, we had aggregate lease obligations of $214.5 million, with $17.6 million payable within 12 months. See Note 6, “Leases” of the Notes to Financial Statements for further discussion of our operating leases.

Cash Flow Analysis

The following table summarizes operating, investing, and financing activities for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022:

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities consists primarily of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation, amortization, loss on disposal of property and equipment, impairment of property and equipment, equity based compensation, non-cash operating lease cost, and deferred income taxes, and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $76.4 million in fiscal 2024, an increase from net cash used in operating activities of $21.4 million in the prior year period, primarily driven by changes in working capital related to inventory management actions, timing of payments to vendors, and a decrease in income tax payments.

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Net cash used in investing activities

Investing activities consist primarily of investments related to capital expenditures for new showroom openings, the remodeling of existing showrooms, and the acquisition of intangible assets.

Net cash used in investing activities was $29.2 million in fiscal 2024, an increase from $25.5 million in the prior year period, primarily resulting from increased capital expenditures related to new showrooms.

Net cash used in financing activities

Financing activities consists of taxes paid for the net settlement of equity awards and payment of deferred financing costs.

Net cash used in financing activities was $3.7 million in fiscal 2024, an increase from $1.9 million in the prior year period, primarily resulting from an increase in taxes paid for the net settlement of equity awards.

Revolving Line of Credit

On March 25, 2022, we amended our existing credit agreement providing for an asset-based revolving credit facility with the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo Bank"), as administrative agent. The maturity date of our credit agreement was extended to March 25, 2024 and, among other things, the maximum revolver commitment was increased from $25.0 million to $40.0 million, subject to borrowing base and availability restrictions. Our credit agreement includes a $1,000,000 sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $4,000,000 sublimit for swing line loans.

We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.30% based on the daily unused portion of the credit facility. Amounts outstanding under the credit facility, at our option, bear interest at either a base rate or a term secured overnight term rate ("SOFR") based rate, plus, in either case, a margin determined by reference to our quarterly average excess availability under the credit facility and ranging from 0.50% to 0.75% for borrowings accruing interest at base rate and from 1.625% to 1.850% for borrowings accruing interest at term SOFR. Swing line loans will at all times accrue interest at a base rate plus the applicable margin. The lower margins described above will apply initially and will adjust thereafter from time to time based on the quarterly average excess availability under the credit facility.

On March 24, 2023, the Company amended the credit agreement to extend the maturity date to September 30, 2024. All other terms of the credit agreement remain unchanged. For additional information regarding our line of credit with Wells Fargo Bank, see Note 8. Financing Arrangements in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report. As of February 4, 2024 and January 29, 2023, the Company’s borrowing availability under the line of credit was $36.0 million, and there were no outstanding borrowings under our credit facility.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions. Because of the uncertainty inherent in these matters, actual results may differ from these estimates and could differ based upon other assumptions and conditions. In applying these policies, management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, and other various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. We continue to monitor the effects of global macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty,general market, political and economic conditions.

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All of our significant accounting policies are outlined in Note 1. Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report. There have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies during fiscal 2024.

Barter Arrangements

The Company has a bartering arrangement with a third-party vendor, whereby the Company will provide inventory in exchange for media credits. Barter sales transaction with commercial substance are recorded at a transaction price based on the estimated fair value of the non-cash consideration of the media credits to be received and the revenue is recognized when control of inventory is transferred, which is when the inventory is picked up in our warehouse. Fair value is estimated using various considerations, including the cost of similar media advertising if transacted directly, the expected sales price of product given up in exchange for the media credits, and the expected usage of media credits prior to expiration based on forecasted media spend subject to media credits under the barter arrangement. Projecting marketing spend requires estimating such factors as sales growth, inflation, overall economics of the retail industry, and changes in marketing trends, and are therefore subject to variability and difficult to predict, among other things. The Company recognizes an asset for media credits which is subsequently evaluated for impairment at each reporting period for any changes in circumstances. For fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized $12.3 million, $21.3 million, and $3.5 million, respectively, of barter sales in exchange for media credits. The Company had $32.8 million and $25.2 million of unused media credits as of February 4, 2024, and January 29, 2023, respectively, and did not recognize any impairment.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and right-of-use assets from leases. Property and equipment includes leasehold improvements, and other tangible assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for potential impairment at such time that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recovered. We evaluate for impairment at the individual showroom level, which is the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. When evaluating long-lived assets for potential impairment, we will first compare the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows for the respective long-lived asset. If the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying amounts of the assets, an impairment loss is measured as the excess of the carrying value over its fair value. We estimate fair value based on future discounted cash flow based on our historical operations of the showroom and estimates of future showroom profitability and economic conditions. These estimates include factors such as sales growth, gross margin, employment costs, lease escalation, and overall macroeconomic conditions, and are therefore subject to variability. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. If required, an impairment loss is recorded for that portion of the assets' carrying value in excess of fair value.

In fiscal 2024 and 2023, we did not recognize any impairment charges associated with showroom-level right-of-use assets. During fiscal 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $0.6 million associated with the assets of an underperforming retail location in selling, general and administrative expenses in our Statements of Operations.

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise inventories are comprised of finished goods which are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value and capitalized freight and warehousing costs. Cost is determined on a weighted-average method basis. Merchandise inventories consist primarily of foam filled furniture, sectional couches, and related accessories. We adjust our inventory for obsolescence based on historical trends, aging reports, specific identification and its estimates of future retail sales prices. In addition, we include capitalized freight and warehousing costs in inventory related to the finished goods in inventory.

Operating Leases

The Company determines if a long-term contractual obligation is a lease at inception. The majority of our operating leases relate to company showrooms. We also lease our corporate facilities. These operating leases expire at various dates through fiscal 2035. Showroom leases may include options that allow us to extend the lease term beyond the initial base period, subject to terms agreed upon at lease inception. Some leases also include early termination options, which can be exercised under specific conditions. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

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The Company records lease liabilities at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted at the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

We recognize operating lease cost over the estimated term of the lease, which includes options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised, starting when possession of the property is taken from the landlord, which normally includes a construction period prior to the showroom opening. When a lease contains a predetermined fixed escalation of the fixed rent, we recognize the related operating lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In addition, certain of our lease agreements include variable lease payments, such as payments based on a percentage of sales that are in excess of a predetermined level and/or increases based on a change in the consumer price index or fair market value. These variable lease payments are excluded from minimum lease payments and are included in the determination of net lease cost when it is probable that the expense has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If an operating lease asset is impaired, the remaining operating lease asset will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1. Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As discussed in the section titled “Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We operate on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the Sunday closest to February 1. Each fiscal year generally is comprised of four 13-week fiscal quarters, although in the years with 53 weeks, the fourth quarter represents a 14-week period.

Overview

We are a technology driven company that designs, manufactures and sells unique, high quality furniture derived through our proprietary "Designed for Life" approach which results in products that are built to last a lifetime and designed to evolve as our customers’ lives do. Our current product offering is comprised of modular couches called Sactionals, premium foam beanbag chairs called Sacs, and their associated home decor accessories. Innovation is at the center of our design philosophy with all of our core products protected by a robust portfolio of utility patents. We market and sell our products through an omni-channel platform that includes direct-to-consumer touch-feel points in the form of our own showrooms, which include our newly created mobile concierge and kiosks, and online directly at www.lovesac.com. We believe that our ecommerce centric approach, coupled with our ability to deliver our large upholstered products through express couriers, is unique to the furniture industry.

Our Operations

See Item 1. Business for information on our products, customers, business model, channels, growth strategies, seasonality and other factors describing our business.

Factors Affecting Our Operating Results

While our growth strategy has contributed to our improving operating results, it also presents significant risks and challenges. The timing and magnitude of new showroom openings, existing showroom renovations, and marketing activities may affect our results of operations in future periods. These strategic initiatives will require substantial expenditures.

Other factors that could affect our results of operations in future periods include:

Macro-Economic Factors and COVID-19

There are a number of macro-economic factors and uncertainties affecting the overall business environment and our business, including increased inflation, rising interest rates, housing market conditions, consumer debt, and the conflict in Ukraine. These factors may have a negative impact on markets in which we operate, including the potential for an economic recession, a continued downturn in the housing market, and a reduction in consumer discretionary spending. We believe that these macro-economic factors have contributed to the slowdown in demand that we have experienced in our business which may continue. Although the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has generally improved, there are

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uncertainties around the scope and severity of the pandemic and its variants, its impact on the global economy, including supply chains and labor in the countries in which we manufacture and source materials, and other business disruptions that may impact our operating results and financial condition.

Seasonality

Our business is seasonal. As a result, our revenues fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which often affects the comparability of our results between periods. Net sales are historically higher in the fourth fiscal quarter due primarily to the impact of the holiday selling season.

Competition

The retail industry is highly competitive and retailers compete based on a variety of factors, including design, quality, price and customer service. Levels of competition and the ability of our competitors to attract customers through competitive pricing or other factors may impact our results of operations.

How We Assess the Performance of Our Business

We consider a variety of financial and operating measures, including the following, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

Net Sales

Net sales reflect our sale of merchandise plus shipping and handling revenue less returns and discounts. Sales made at Company operated showrooms, including shop-in-shops and pop-up-shops, and via the web are recognized, typically at the point of transference of title when the goods are shipped.

Comparable Showroom Sales

Comparable showroom sales are calculated based on point of sale transactions from showrooms that were open at least fifty-two weeks as of the end of the reporting period. These sales will differ from net sales on our income statement which are reported when goods are shipped and title has transferred to the customer. A showroom is not considered a part of the comparable showroom sales base if the square footage of the showroom changed or if the showroom was relocated. If a showroom was closed for any period of time during the measurement period, that showroom is excluded from comparable showroom sales. For fiscal years 2023 and 2022, 51 and 29 showrooms respectively, were excluded from comparable showroom sales. Comparable showroom sales allow us to evaluate how our showroom base is performing by measuring the change in period-over-period point of sale transactions in showrooms that have been open for twelve months or more. While we review comparable showroom sales as one measure of our performance, this measure is less relevant to us than it may be to other retailers due to our fully integrated, omni-channel, go-to-market strategy. As a result, measures that analyze a single channel are less indicative of the performance of our business than they might be for other companies that operate their distribution channels as separate businesses. Further, certain of our competitors and other retailers calculate comparable showroom sales (or similar measures) differently than we do. As a result, the reporting of our comparable showroom sales may not be comparable to sales data made available by other companies.

New Customer

We define a customer as new when the customer has completed a transaction at Lovesac either at a showroom or internet channel only for the first time or if an existing customer completes another purchase at least 2 years since their last purchase.

Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Acquisition Cost

We calculate CAC on an annual basis by dividing our expenses associated with acquiring new customers for a fiscal year by the number of new customers we acquire in that fiscal year. We include premium rent for locations above commercial rates, media costs to new customers, and a portion of showroom merchandising costs in our marketing expenses associated with acquiring new customers when calculating our CAC. We refined our definition of premium rent to includes locations in Malls, Lifestyle centers and urban areas. Our marketing expenses as a percentage of net sales for fiscal 2023 were 12.3%, and 13.1% of net sales in both fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021. For fiscal 2023, our CAC was $628.16 per customer compared to a CAC of $542.02 for fiscal 2022. This increase was a result of our increased marketing spend that targeted

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Sactional customers. We expect our CAC to continue to increase over the next few years as a result of our continued focus on increasing marketing efforts. We expect this increase in CAC to correspond with a continued increase in CLV.

We monitor repeat customer transactions in aggregate through our point of sale platform and in groups based upon the year in which customers first made a purchase from us, which we refer to as cohorts, as a way to measure our customer’s engagement with our products over their lifetime. Our fiscal 2023 cohorts CLV is $3,224 compared to $2,853 in fiscal 2022. In addition, our fiscal 2015 cohort has increased its CLV from $1,071 in fiscal 2015 to $1,426 in fiscal 2023, a 33.1% increase in customer value since the fiscal 2015 cohorts’ first purchases with Lovesac.

Retail Sales Per Selling Square Foot

Retail sales per selling square foot is calculated by dividing the total point of sales transactions for all comparable showrooms, by the average selling square footage for the period. Selling square footage is retail space at our showrooms used to sell our products. Selling square footage excludes backrooms at showrooms used for storage, office space or similar matters.

Cost of Merchandise Sold

Cost of merchandise sold includes the direct cost of sold merchandise; inventory shrinkage; inventory adjustments due to obsolescence, including excess and slow-moving inventory and lower of cost or net realizable value reserves; inbound freight; all freight costs to ship merchandise to our showrooms, and warehousing and all logistics costs associated with shipping product to our customers. Certain of our competitors and other retailers may report gross profit differently than we do, by excluding from gross profit some or all of the costs related to their distribution network and instead including them in selling, general and administrative expenses. As a result, the reporting of our gross profit and profit margin may not be comparable to other companies.

The primary drivers of our cost of merchandise sold are raw materials costs, labor costs in the countries where we source our merchandise, and logistics costs. We expect gross profit to increase to the extent that we successfully grow our net sales and continue to realize scale economics with our manufacturing partners. We review our inventory levels on an ongoing basis in order to identify slow-moving merchandise and use product markdowns to efficiently sell these products. The timing and level of markdowns are driven primarily by customer acceptance of our merchandise.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is equal to our net sales less cost of merchandise sold. Gross profit as a percentage of our net sales is referred to as gross margin.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include all operating costs, other than advertising and marketing expense, not included in cost of merchandise sold. These expenses include all payroll and payroll-related expenses; showroom expenses, including occupancy costs related to showroom operations, such as rent and common area maintenance; occupancy and expenses related to many of our operations at our headquarters, including utilities, equity based compensation, financing related expense; public company expenses; and credit card transaction fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales is usually higher in lower volume quarters and lower in higher volume quarters because a significant portion of the costs are relatively fixed.

Our recent revenue growth has been accompanied by increased selling, general and administrative expenses. The most significant components of these increases are payroll and rent costs. We expect these expenses, as well as rent expense associated with the opening of new showrooms, to increase as we grow our business. We expect to leverage total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales as net sales volumes continue to grow. We expect to continue to invest in infrastructure to support the Company’s growth. Our continued infrastructure investments will include research and development costs on our existing and future products and foundational technology investments to support our continued growth. These investments will lessen the impact of expense leveraging during the period of investment with the greater impact of expense leveraging happening after the period of investment. However, total selling, general and administrative expenses generally will leverage during the periods of investments with the greatest leverage occurring within the fourth quarter.

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Advertising and Marketing Expense

Advertising and marketing expense include digital, social, and traditional advertising and marketing initiatives, that cover all of our business channels. Advertising and marketing expense is expected to continue to increase as a percentage of net sales as we continue to invest in advertising and marketing which has accelerated net sales growth.

Basis of Presentation and Results of Operations

The following discussion contains references to fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 which represent our fiscal years ended January 29, 2023, January 30, 2022 and January 31, 2021 respectively. Our fiscal year ends on the Sunday closest to February 1. Fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 were all 52-week periods. All dollar and percentage comparisons made herein refer to the year ended January 29, 2023, compared with the year ended January 30, 2022, unless otherwise noted. Refer to Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2022 for a comparative discussion of our fiscal 2022 financial results as compared to fiscal 2021 filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022.

The following table sets forth, for the periods for fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, our statement of operations as a percentage of total revenues:

Fiscal 2023 Compared to Fiscal 2022

Net sales

Net sales increased $153.3 million, or 30.8%, to $651.5 million in fiscal 2023 as compared to $498.2 million in fiscal 2022. The increase in overall net sales was driven by our Showroom sales, Internet sales and Other sales. New customers increased by 9.9% in fiscal 2023 as compared to 14.5% in fiscal 2022 driven by the successful campaigns throughout the year. We had 195 total showrooms including kiosks and mobile concierges open as of January 29, 2023 compared to 146 total showrooms as of January 30, 2022. We opened 46 additional showrooms, 6 kiosks, closed 2 showrooms and 1 kiosk and remodeled 4 showrooms in fiscal 2023, as compared to opening 28 showrooms, 8 kiosks, 2 mobile concierges, and not closing any showrooms in fiscal 2022. There were 2 showroom remodels in fiscal 2022. Showroom net sales increased $$99.5 million, or 33.3%, to $398.5 million in fiscal 2023 as compared to $299.0 million in fiscal 2022, principally related to higher point of sales transactions in all showrooms with slightly higher promotional discounting. This increase was due in large part to our comparable showroom point of sales transactions increase of $62.7 million, or 24.7%, to $316.8 million in fiscal 2023 as compared to $254.1 million in fiscal 2022 driven by strong promotional campaigns. Point of sales transactions represent orders placed through our showrooms which does not always reflect the point at which control transfers to the customer, which occurs upon shipment being confirmed. We believe point of sales transactions is a more accurate way to measure showroom performance and how our showroom associates are incentivized. Comparable showroom point of sales transaction per selling square foot remains flat at $2,771 in fiscal 2023 as compared to $2,751 in fiscal 2022. The average point of sales transaction per location including non-comparable showrooms decrease by approximately 5.4% driven by higher new showroom openings. Internet sales (sales made directly to customers through our ecommerce channel) increased $25.9 million, or 17.2%, to $176.5 million in fiscal 2023 as compared to $150.6 million

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in the fiscal 2022. We believe that the increase in Internet sales was due primarily to our strong promotional campaigns and our increased marketing initiatives. Other sales, which include pop-up-shop sales, barter inventory transactions and shop-in-shop sales, increased $27.9 million, or 57.4%, to $76.5 million in fiscal 2023 as compared to $48.6 million in fiscal 2022. This increase was driven by higher barter inventory transactions, operating 22 Best Buy shop-in-shops, and the addition of 113 new Costco in store pop-up-shops in fiscal 2023, partially offset by lower productivity in our online pop-up-shops on Costco.com in fiscal 2023. We expect to continue hosting both online pop-ups on Costco.com and Costco in store pop-up-shops.

Gross profit

Gross profit increased $72.5 million, or 26.5%, to $345.8 million in fiscal 2023 from $273.3 million in fiscal 2022. Gross margin decreased to 53.1% of net sales in fiscal 2023 from 54.9% of net sales in fiscal 2022. The decrease in gross margin percentage of 180 basis points was primarily driven by an increase of 160 basis points in total freight including tariff expenses and warehousing costs and a decrease of 20 basis points in product margin. The increase in total freight including tariffs and warehousing costs over the prior year period is related to 90 basis points deleverage in warehousing and outbound freight costs and the increase of 70 basis points in inbound container freight costs. The product margin decrease is driven by 60 basis points in higher promotional discounting, partially offset by 40 basis points benefit from continuing vendor negotiations to assist with the mitigation of tariffs and additional one-time US dollar denominated rebates related to currency impact.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 33.4%, or $54.1 million, to $216.1 million for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2023 compared to $162.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 30, 2022. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2023 was primarily related to an increase in employment costs, overhead, rent, and selling related expenses. Employment costs increased by $26.3 million driven by an increase in new hires and variable compensation. Overhead expenses increased $10.8 million consisting of an increase of $4.5 million in equity-based compensation, an increase of $4.2 million in infrastructure investments, an increase of $1.4 million in travel expenses, and an increase of $0.6 million in insurance expenses. Rent increased by $9.8 million related to $6.8 million rent expense primarily related to our net addition of 44 showrooms and 5 kiosks and $3.0 million in higher percentage rent from the increase in net sales. Selling related expenses increased $7.2 million due to an increase of $9.7 million in credit card fees, partially offset by lower selling related fees in the Other channel by a one time settlement fee in the prior year to terminate an existing agreement with a vendor partner.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were 33.2% of net sales for fiscal year ended January 29, 2023 compared to 32.5% of net sales for fiscal year ended January 30, 2022. SG&A expense as a percent of net sales increased by 70 basis points in fiscal 2023 due to deleveraging of approximately 230 bps in employment costs, credit card fees, equity-based compensation, and travel, partially offset by higher leverage of approximately 160 bps within general operating expenses and sales agent fees related to a fiscal 2022 fee settlement. The deleverage in payroll and travel relates to the continuous investments we are making into the business to support our ongoing growth. The deleverage in equity-based compensation is driven by an increase in expense related to long term performance awards granted in fiscal 2021 for which the performance metrics were achieved in fiscal 2023. Credit card fee deleverage is related to the increase in customer utilization of credit coupled with the impact of the increase in interest rates on credit card fees.

Advertising and marketing expenses

Advertising and marketing expenses increased $14.8 million, or 22.7%, to $79.9 million for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2023 compared to $65.1 million for the fiscal year ended January 30, 2022. The increase in advertising and marketing costs relates to ongoing investments in marketing spends to support our net sales growth.

Advertising and marketing expenses were 12.3% of net sales in fiscal 2023 and 13.1% in fiscal 2022.

Depreciation and amortization expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased 37.4%, or $2.9 million to $10.8 million in fiscal 2023 compared to $7.9 million in fiscal 2022. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is principally related to capital investments for new and remodeled showrooms in fiscal 2023.

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Interest expense

Interest expense, net of interest earned on the Company's money market account was $0.1 million and $0.2 million in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively, principally related to the interest expense for unused line fees and amortization of deferred financing fees on the asset based loan.

Provision for income taxes

During fiscal 2023, the Company recorded an income tax expense of $10.7 million compared to income tax benefit of $7.6 million during fiscal 2022. During fiscal 2022 the company recognized a reversal of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets of $16.4 million, offset by recognition of deferred tax expense of $9.8 million.

Repeat customers

Repeat customers accounted for approximately 45.6% of all transactions in fiscal 2023 compared to 41.6% in fiscal 2022. We expect a healthy mix between new transactions and repeat customers in our transaction mix as we spend on acquisition.

Quarterly Results

Our business is seasonal and we have historically realized a higher portion of our net sales and net income in the fourth fiscal quarter due primarily to the holiday selling season. Working capital requirements are typically higher in the third fiscal quarter due to inventory built-up in advance of the holiday selling season. During these peak periods we have historically increased our borrowings under our line of credit. As such, results of a period shorter than a full year may not be indicative of results expected for the entire year, and the seasonal nature of our business may affect comparisons between periods.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Our business relies on cash flows from operations, our revolving line of credit (see “Revolving Line of Credit” below) and securities issuances as our primary sources of liquidity. Our primary cash needs are for marketing and advertising, inventory, payroll, showroom rent, capital expenditures associated with opening new showrooms and updating existing showrooms, as well as infrastructure and information technology. The most significant components of our working capital are cash and cash equivalents, merchandise inventory, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued expenses, other current liabilities and customer deposits. Borrowings generally increase in our third fiscal quarter as we prepare to build our inventory levels in preparation for the fourth quarter holiday selling season. We believe that cash expected to be generated from operations, the availability under our revolving line of credit and our existing cash balances are sufficient to meet working capital requirements and anticipated capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.

Cash Flow Analysis

A summary of operating, investing, and financing activities during the periods indicated are shown in the following table:

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities

Cash (used in) provided by operating activities consists primarily of net income adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation, amortization, loss on disposal of property and equipment, impairment of property and equipment, equity based compensation, non-cash operating lease cost and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

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In fiscal 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $21.4 million and consisted of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $90.8 million, net income of $28.2 million, and non-cash items of $41.2 million. Working capital and other activities consisted primarily of increases in inventory of $11.5 million, trade accounts receivable of $0.9 million, other assets of $21.4 million, decreases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $33.0 million, operating lease liabilities of $18.3 million, customer deposits of $6.6 million, and prepaid and other current assets of $0.9 million.

In fiscal 2022, net cash provided by operating activities was $34.0 million and consisted of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $31.2 million, a net income of $45.9 million, and non-cash items of $19.9 million. Working capital and other activities consisted primarily of increases in inventory of $56.8 million trade accounts receivable of $4.0 million, prepaid expenses and other current assets of $2.5 million, accounts payable and accrued expenses of $39.2 million, customer deposits of $7.3 million, offset by a $14.4 million decrease in operating lease liabilities.

In fiscal 2021, net cash provided by operating activities was $40.5 million and consisted of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $10.5 million, a net income of $14.7 million, and non-cash items of $15.3 million. Working capital and other activities consisted primarily of increases in inventory of $14.0 million and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $2.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $2.7 million and increases in accrued liabilities and accounts payable of $19.6 million, and customer deposits of $4.3 million.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Investing activities consist primarily of investments related to capital expenditures for new showroom openings, the remodeling of existing showrooms, and the acquisition of intangible assets. Capital expenditures were $25.5 million, $16.5 million and $9.1 million for fiscal years 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, as a result of investments in new and remodeled showrooms and the acquisition of intangible assets.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Financing activities consist primarily of taxes paid for the net settlement of equity awards.

For fiscal 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $1.9 million due to taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards of $1.6 million and payments of deferred financing costs of $0.3 million.

For fiscal 2022, net cash used in financing activities was $3.5 million due to taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards of $3.6 million offset by proceeds from the exercise of warrants of $0.1 million.

For fiscal 2021, net cash used in financing activities was $1.7 million primarily due to taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards.

Revolving Line of Credit

On March 25, 2022, we amended our existing credit agreement providing for an asset-based revolving credit facility with the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo Bank"), as administrative agent. The maturity date of our credit agreement was extended to March 25, 2024 and, among other things, the maximum revolver commitment was increased from $25.0 million to $40.0 million, subject to borrowing base and availability restrictions. Our credit agreement includes a $1,000,000 sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $4,000,000 sublimit for swing line loans. There were no outstanding borrowings under our credit facility as of January 29, 2023 and January 30, 2022.

We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.30% based on the daily unused portion of the credit facility. Amounts outstanding under the credit facility, at our option, bear interest at either a base rate or a term secured overnight term rate ("SOFR") based rate, plus, in either case, a margin determined by reference to our quarterly average excess availability under the credit facility and ranging from 0.50% to 0.75% for borrowings accruing interest at base rate and from 1.625% to 1.850% for borrowings accruing interest at term SOFR. Swing line loans will at all times accrue interest at a base rate plus the applicable margin. The lower margins described above will apply initially and will adjust thereafter from time to time based on the quarterly average excess availability under the credit facility. On March 24, 2023, the Company amended the credit agreement to extend the maturity date to September 30, 2024. All other terms of the credit agreement remain unchanged. For additional information regarding our line of credit with Wells Fargo, see Note 10. Financing Arrangements in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions. Because of the uncertainty inherent in these matters, actual results may differ from these estimates and could differ based upon other assumptions and conditions. In applying these policies, management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, and other various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. We continue to monitor the effects of global macroeconomic and geopolitical uncertainty, including COVID-19 pandemic related factors and general market, political and economic conditions.

All of our significant accounting policies are outlined in Note 1. Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Financial Statements included in Part IV of this report. here have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies during fiscal 2023.

Barter Arrangements

The Company has a bartering arrangement with a third-party vendor, whereby the Company will provide inventory in exchange for media credits. Barter sales transaction with commercial substance are recorded at a transaction price based on the estimated fair value of the non-cash consideration of the media credits to be received and the revenue is recognized when control of inventory is transferred, which is when the inventory is picked up in our warehouse. Fair value is estimated using various considerations, including the cost of similar media advertising if transacted directly, the expected sales price of product given up in exchange for the media credits, and the expected usage of media credits prior to expiration based on a marketing spend forecast. Projecting marketing spend requires estimating such factors as sales growth, inflation, overall economics of the retail industry, and changes in marketing trends, and are therefore subject to variability and difficult to predict, among other things. The Company recognizes an asset for media credits which is subsequently evaluated for impairment at each reporting period for any changes in circumstances. The Company recognized $21.3 million and $3.5 million for media credits and did not recognize any impairment for the years ended January 29, 2023, and January 30, 2022, respectively.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and right-of-use assets from leases. Property and equipment includes leasehold improvements, and other tangible assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for potential impairment at such time that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recovered. We evaluate for impairment at the individual showroom level, which is the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. When evaluating long-lived assets for potential impairment, we will first compare the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows for the respective long-lived asset. If the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying amounts of the assets, an impairment loss is measured as the excess of the carrying value over its fair value. We estimate fair value based on future discounted cash flow based on our historical operations of the showroom and estimates of future showroom profitability and economic conditions. These estimates include factors such as sales growth, gross margin, employment costs, lease escalation, and overall macroeconomic conditions, and are therefore subject to variability. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. If required, an impairment loss is recorded for that portion of the assets' carrying value in excess of fair value.

In fiscal 2023, we did not recognize any impairment charges associated with showroom-level right-of-use assets. During fiscal 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $0.6 million associated with the assets of an underperforming retail location in selling, general and administrative expenses in our Statements of Operations. We did not recognize any impairment charges with showroom-level right of use assets during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021.

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise inventories are comprised of finished goods which are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value and capitalized freight and warehousing costs. Cost is determined on a weighted-average method basis. Merchandise inventories consist primarily of foam filled furniture, sectional couches, and related accessories. We adjust our inventory for obsolescence based on historical trends, aging reports, specific identification and its estimates of future retail sales prices. In addition, we include capitalized freight and warehousing costs in inventory related to the finished goods in inventory.

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Operating Leases

The Company determines if a long-term contractual obligation is a lease at inception. The majority of our operating leases relate to company showrooms. We also lease our corporate facilities. These operating leases expire at various dates through fiscal 2034. Showroom leases may include options that allow us to extend the lease term beyond the initial base period, subject to terms agreed upon at lease inception. Some leases also include early termination options, which can be exercised under specific conditions. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company records lease liabilities at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted at the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

We recognize operating lease cost over the estimated term of the lease, which includes options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised, starting when possession of the property is taken from the landlord, which normally includes a construction period prior to the showroom opening. When a lease contains a predetermined fixed escalation of the fixed rent, we recognize the related operating lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In addition, certain of our lease agreements include variable lease payments, such as payments based on a percentage of sales that are in excess of a predetermined level and/or increases based on a change in the consumer price index or fair market value. These variable lease payments are excluded from minimum lease payments and are included in the determination of net lease cost when it is probable that the expense has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If an operating lease asset is impaired, the remaining operating lease asset will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1. Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Financial Statements included within this report for a discussion of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As discussed in the section titled “Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We operate on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the Sunday closest to February 1. Each fiscal year generally is comprised of four 13-week fiscal quarters, although in the years with 53 weeks, the fourth quarter represents a 14-week period.

Overview

We are a technology driven company that designs, manufactures and sells unique, high quality furniture derived through our proprietary “Designed for Life” approach which results in products that are built to last a lifetime and designed to evolve as our customers’ lives do. Our current product offering is comprised of modular couches called Sactionals, premium foam beanbag chairs called Sacs, and their associated home decor accessories. Innovation is at the center of our design philosophy with all of our core products protected by a robust portfolio of utility patents. We market and sell our products online directly at www.lovesac.com, supported by direct-to-consumer touch-feel points in the form of our own showrooms, which include our newly created mobile concierge and kiosks, as well as through shop-in-shops and online pop-up-shops with third party retailers. We believe that our ecommerce centric approach, coupled with our ability to deliver our large, upholstered products through express couriers, is unique to the furniture industry.

Our Operations

See “Item 1. Business” for information on our products, customers, business model, channels, growth strategies, seasonality and other factors describing our business.

Factors Affecting Our Operating Results

While our growth strategy has contributed to our improving operating results, it also presents significant risks and challenges. The timing and magnitude of new showroom openings, existing showroom renovations, and marketing activities may affect our results of operations in future periods. These strategic initiatives will require substantial expenditures.

Other factors that could affect our results of operations in future periods include:

COVID-19

Although there has been a general improvement in conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, there continues to be uncertainties around the scope and severity of the pandemic, its impact on the global economy, including supply chains, and other business disruptions that may impact our operating results and financial condition. We continue to follow the

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guidance issued by federal, state and local governments and health organizations and have taken measures to protect the safety of our associates and customers.

While the COVID-19 pandemic has led to shifts in the way in which we operate, we continue to serve our customers through our online channels as our products can be easily configured, shopped online and delivered quickly in a touchless way, coupled with consumers’ demand for home related products and solutions. In fiscal 2022, our showroom net sales have increased, other channel including net sales from shop-in-shop and pop-up-shops also increased, while our internet net sales have only decreased slightly demonstrating a customer shift back to in-store purchases. As our showrooms are fully reopen, we continue to experience growth as our net sales increased $177.5 million, or 55.3%, to $498.2 million for the fiscal year ended 2022, compared to $320.7 million for the fiscal year ended 2021. Retail sales drove an increase of $152.8 million, or 104.6%, to $299.0 million for the fiscal year ended 2022, compared to $146.2 million for the fiscal year ended 2021. The increase in retail sales over fiscal 2021 was mainly due to the limited showroom operations related to COVID-19 in fiscal 2021, which more than offset the slight decrease in our internet net sales (net sales made directly to customers through our ecommerce channel) of $0.4 million or 0.3% in the fiscal year ended 2022. Other channel net sales increased $25.1 million, or 106.7%, to $48.6 million for the fiscal year ended 2022, compared to $23.5 million for the fiscal year ended 2021. This increase was due to hosting 2 additional online pop-up-shops on Costco.com with higher productivity compared to the prior year period and the addition of 18 new Best Buy shop-in-shops in fiscal 2022, partially offset by sales decrease from shop-in-shop locations related to Macy's closures. New customers increased by 14.3% for the fiscal year ended 2022, as compared to 32.9% for the fiscal year ended 2021. The increase is driven by the large number of new retail customers as showrooms are now fully reopened, partially offset by the decrease in new internet customers related to the shift back to in-store purchases and the large number of new internet customers acquired from the Heroes campaign in prior year period.

The industry in which we operate is cyclical. In addition, our revenues are affected by general economic conditions. Purchases of our products are sensitive to a number of factors that influence the levels of consumer spending, including economic conditions, consumer disposable income, housing market conditions, consumer debt, interest rates and consumer confidence.

Seasonality

Our business is seasonal. As a result, our revenues fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which often affects the comparability of our results between periods. Net sales are historically higher in the fourth fiscal quarter due primarily to the impact of the holiday selling season.

Competition

The retail industry is highly competitive and retailers compete based on a variety of factors, including design, quality, price and customer service. Levels of competition and the ability of our competitors to attract customers through competitive pricing or other factors may impact our results of operations.

How We Assess the Performance of Our Business

We consider a variety of financial and operating measures, including the following, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

Net Sales

Net sales reflect our sale of merchandise plus shipping and handling revenue less returns and discounts. Sales made at Company operated showrooms, including shop-in-shops and pop-up-shops, and via the web are recognized in accordance with the guidance set forth in ASC 606, which is typically at the point of transference of title when the goods are shipped.

Comparable Showroom Sales

Comparable showroom sales are calculated based on point of sale transactions from showrooms that were open at least fifty-two weeks as of the end of the reporting period. These sales will differ from sales on our income statement which are reported when goods are shipped and title has transferred to the customer. A showroom is not considered a part of the comparable showroom sales base if the square footage of the showroom changed or if the showroom was relocated. If a showroom was closed for any period of time during the measurement period, that showroom is excluded from comparable showroom sales. We made an exception to this calculation in fiscal 2021 when all of our showrooms were temporarily closed due to government regulations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For fiscal years 2022 and 2021, 29 and 19

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respectively were excluded from comparable showroom sales. Comparable showroom sales allow us to evaluate how our showroom base is performing by measuring the change in period-over-period net sales in showrooms that have been open for twelve months or more. While we review comparable showroom sales as one measure of our performance, this measure is less relevant to us than it may be to other retailers due to our fully integrated, omni-channel, go-to-market strategy. As a result, measures that analyze a single channel are less indicative of the performance of our business than they might be for other companies that operate their distribution channels as separate businesses. Further, certain of our competitors and other retailers calculate comparable showroom sales (or similar measures) differently than we do. As a result, the reporting of our comparable showroom sales may not be comparable to sales data made available by other companies.

Customer Lifetime Value and Customer Acquisition Cost

We calculate CAC on an annual basis by dividing our expenses associated with acquiring new customers for a fiscal year by the number of new customers we acquire in that fiscal year. We include premium rent for locations above commercial rates, media costs to new customers, and a portion of showroom merchandising costs in our marketing expenses associated with acquiring new customers when calculating our CAC. Our marketing expenses for fiscal 2022 and fiscal 2021 were both equal to 13.1% of revenue. For fiscal 2022, our CAC was $548.74 per customer compared to a CAC of $434.61 for fiscal 2021. This increase was a result of our increased marketing spend that targeted Sactional customers. We expect our CAC to continue to increase over the next few years as a result of our continued focus on increasing marketing efforts. We expect this increase in CAC to correspond with a continued increase in CLV.

We monitor repeat customer transactions in aggregate through our point of sale platform and in groups based upon the year in which customers first made a purchase from us, which we refer to as cohorts, as a way to measure our customer’s engagement with our products over their lifetime. Our fiscal 2022 cohorts CLV is $2,840 compared to $2,044 in fiscal 2021. In addition, our fiscal 2015 cohort has increased its CLV from $1,071 in fiscal 2015 to $1,385 in fiscal 2022, a 29.3% increase in customer value since the fiscal 2015 cohorts’ first purchases with Lovesac.

Retail Sales Per Selling Square Foot

Retail sales per selling square foot is calculated by dividing the total point of sales transactions for all comparable showrooms, by the average selling square footage for the period. Selling square footage is retail space at our showrooms used to sell our products. Selling square footage excludes backrooms at showrooms used for storage, office space or similar matters.

Cost of Merchandise Sold

Cost of merchandise sold includes the direct cost of sold merchandise; inventory shrinkage; inventory adjustments due to obsolescence, including excess and slow-moving inventory and lower of cost or net realizable value reserves; inbound freight; all freight costs to ship merchandise to our showrooms; design, buying and allocation costs, warehousing and all logistics costs associated with shipping product to our customers. Certain of our competitors and other retailers may report gross profit differently than we do, by excluding from gross profit some or all of the costs related to their distribution network and instead including them in selling, general and administrative expenses. As a result, the reporting of our gross profit and profit margin may not be comparable to other companies.

The primary drivers of our cost of merchandise sold are raw materials costs, labor costs in the countries where we source our merchandise, and logistics costs. We expect gross profit to increase to the extent that we successfully grow our net sales and continue to realize scale economics with our manufacturing partners. We review our inventory levels on an ongoing basis in order to identify slow-moving merchandise and use product markdowns to efficiently sell these products. The timing and level of markdowns are driven primarily by customer acceptance of our merchandise.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is equal to our net sales less cost of merchandise sold. Gross profit as a percentage of our net sales is referred to as gross margin.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses include all operating costs, other than advertising and marketing expense, not included in cost of merchandise sold. These expenses include all payroll and payroll-related expenses; showroom expenses, including occupancy costs related to showroom operations, such as rent and common area maintenance; occupancy and expenses related to many of our operations at our headquarters, including utilities, equity based compensation, financing

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related expenses and public company expenses; and credit card transaction fees. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales is usually higher in lower volume quarters and lower in higher volume quarters because a significant portion of the costs are relatively fixed.

Our recent revenue growth has been accompanied by increased selling, general and administrative expenses. The most significant components of these increases are payroll, rent and selling related costs. We expect these expenses, as well as rent expense associated with the opening of new showrooms, to increase as we grow our business. We expect to leverage total selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales as sales volumes continue to grow. We expect to continue to invest in infrastructure to support the Company’s growth. These investments will lessen the impact of expense leveraging during the period of investment with the greater impact of expense leveraging happening after the period of investment. However, total selling, general and administrative expenses generally will leverage during the periods of investments with the most deleverage occurring in the first three quarters of the fiscal year, and the greatest leverage occurring in the fourth quarter.

Advertising and Marketing Expense

Advertising and marketing expense include digital, social, and traditional advertising and marketing initiatives, that cover all of our business channels. We expect to continue to maintain our advertising and marketing investments at 12% to 14% of net sales on an annual basis. The investment by quarter may vary.

Basis of Presentation and Results of Operations

The following discussion contains references to fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 which represent our fiscal years ended January 30, 2022, January 31, 2021 and February 2, 2020, respectively. Our fiscal year ends on the Sunday closest to February 1. Fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020 were all 52-week periods.

The following table sets forth, for the periods for fiscal 2022, 2021 and 2020, our consolidated statement of operations as a percentage of total revenues:

Fiscal 2022 Compared to Fiscal 2021

Net sales

Net sales increased $177.5 million, or 55.3%, to $498.2 million in fiscal 2022 as compared to $320.7 million in fiscal 2021. The increase in overall net sales was driven by our Showroom sales, Other sales and partially offset by a slight decrease in our Internet Sales. New customers increased by 14.3% in fiscal 2022 as compared to 32.9% in fiscal 2021 driven by the successful Internet Heroes’ campaign in the prior year period. We had 146 total showrooms including kiosks and mobile concierges open as of January 30, 2022 compared to 108 total showrooms as of January 31, 2021. We opened 28 additional showrooms, 8 kiosks, 2 mobile concierges, and remodeled 2 showrooms and did not close any showrooms in fiscal 2022, as compared to opening 19 showrooms and closing 2 showrooms in fiscal 2021. There were no showroom remodels in

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fiscal 2021. Showroom sales increased $152.8 million, or 104.6%, to $299.0 million in fiscal 2022 as compared to $146.2 million in fiscal 2021, related to higher point of sales transactions driven by limited showroom operations due to COVID-19 in the prior year period, lower promotional discounting and new showroom sales. This increase was due in large part to our comparable showroom point of sales transaction increase of $129.6 million, or 104.1%, to $254.1 million in fiscal 2022 as compared to $124.5 million in fiscal 2021. Point of sales transactions represent orders placed through our showrooms which does not always reflect the point at which control transfers to the customer, which occurs upon shipment being confirmed. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements. We believe point of sales transactions is a more accurate way to measure showroom performance and how our showroom associates are incentivized. Retail sales per selling square foot increased $1,067, or 63.7%, to $2,742 in fiscal 2022 as compared to $1,675 in fiscal 2021. Total number of units sold at point of transaction increased by approximately 62.3%. The increase in comparable point of sales transactions, retail sales per selling square foot and number of units sold in fiscal 2022 was principally driven by the limited showroom operations due to COVID-19 in the prior year period. Other sales, which include pop-up-shop sales, shop-in-shop sales, and barter inventory transactions, increased $25.1 million, or 106.7%, to $48.6 million in fiscal 2022 as compared to $23.5 million in fiscal 2021. This increase was principally due to hosting 2 additional online pop-up-shops on Costco.com with higher productivity compared to the prior year period and the addition of 18 new Best Buy shop-in-shops in fiscal 2022, partially offset by sales decrease from shop-in-shop locations related to Macy's closures. Internet sales (sales made directly to customers through our ecommerce channel) decreased $0.4 million, or 0.3%, to $150.6 million in fiscal 2022 as compared to $151.1 million in the fiscal 2021. The slight decrease in Internet sales was due primarily to the sales shift into the internet channel in fiscal 2021 as a result of the limited showroom operations due to COVID-19 in fiscal 2021.

Gross profit

Gross profit increased $98.6 million, or 56.4%, to $273.3 million in fiscal 2022 from $174.8 million in fiscal 2021. Gross margin increased to 54.9% of net sales in fiscal 2022 from 54.5% of net sales in fiscal 2021. The increase in gross margin percentage of 40 basis points was primarily driven by an increase of 330 basis points improvement due to lower promotional discounts and continuing vendor negotiations to assist with the mitigation of tariffs, partially offset by an increase of 290 basis points in total freight including tariff expenses and warehousing costs. The increase in total freight including tariffs and warehousing costs over the prior year period is principally related to the increase of 720 basis points in inbound container freight costs, partially offset by higher leverage of 430 basis points in warehousing and outbound freight costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 45.5%, or $50.6 million, to $162.0 million for the fiscal year ended January 30, 2022 compared to $111.4 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2022 was primarily related to an increase in employment costs, rent, overhead expenses, and selling related expenses. Employment costs increased by $22.8 million driven by an increase in new hires and variable compensation. Rent increased by $10.3 million related to $5.4 million rent expense primarily related to our net addition of 28 showrooms and $4.9 million in higher percentage rent from the increase in sales. Overhead expenses increased $9.6 million consisting of an increase of $7.3 million in infrastructure investments, an increase of $1.3 million in equity-based compensation, an increase of $0.6 million in travel expenses, and an increase of $0.4 million in insurance expenses. Selling related expenses increased $7.9 million due to an increase of $7.2 million in credit card fees and an increase of $0.7 million in selling agent fees which includes $2.0 million in fees to terminate an agreement with vendor partners, higher sales volume, partially offset by new lower rates of selling related fees compared to the prior year period.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were 32.5% of net sales for fiscal year ended January 30, 2022 compared to 34.7% of net sales for fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. SG&A expense as a percent of net sales decreased 221 basis points in fiscal 2022 due to a higher leverage within infrastructure investments, rent, equity-based compensation, insurance, and selling related expenses, partially offset by deleverage in employment costs and travel. The deleverage in certain expenses relate to the investments we are making into the business that were put on hold in the prior year relating to COVID-19 financial resilience measures.

Advertising and marketing expenses

Advertising and marketing expenses increased $23.2 million, or 55.2%, to $65.1 million for the fiscal year ended January 30, 2022 compared to $41.9 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. The increase in advertising and marketing costs relates to ongoing investments in marketing spends to support our sales growth.

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Advertising and marketing expenses were 13.1% of net sales in both fiscal year 2022 and fiscal 2021. We expect to continue to maintain our advertising and marketing investments at 12% to 14% of net sales on an annual basis. The investment by quarter may vary.

Depreciation and amortization expenses

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased 19%, or $1.2 million to $7.9 million in fiscal 2022 compared to $6.6 million in fiscal 2021. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense is principally related to capital investments for new and remodeled showrooms in fiscal 2022.

Interest expense

Interest expense, net was $0.2 million in fiscal 2022, principally related to the interest expense for unused line fees and amortization of deferred financing fees on the asset-based loan. Interest expense, net in fiscal 2021 was $0.1 million, which reflects $0.1 million of interest income on cash and cash equivalents, offset by $0.2 million of interest expense related to unused line fees, interest on borrowings and amortization of deferred financing fees on the asset-based loan for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021.

Provision for income taxes

During fiscal 2022, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $7.6 million compared to income tax expense of $0.1 million in fiscal 2021. During fiscal 2022 the company recognized a reversal of the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets of $16.4 million offset by recognition of deferred tax expense of $9.8 million.

Repeat customers

Repeat customers accounted for approximately 41.6% of all transactions in fiscal 2022 compared to 37.5% in fiscal 2021. We expect new transactions to continue to become a larger portion of our transaction mix as we spend on acquisition.

Quarterly Results

Our business is seasonal and we have historically realized a higher portion of our net sales and net income in the fourth fiscal quarter due primarily to the holiday selling season. Working capital requirements are typically higher in the third fiscal quarter due to inventory built-up in advance of the holiday selling season. During these peak periods we have historically increased our borrowings under our line of credit. As such, results of a period shorter than a full year may not be indicative of results expected for the entire year, and the seasonal nature of our business may affect comparisons between periods.

For a comparison of Fiscal 2021 to Fiscal 2020 please refer to Item 7 within the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 14, 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Our business relies on cash flows from operations, our revolving line of credit (see “Revolving Line of Credit” below) and securities issuances as our primary sources of liquidity. Our primary cash needs are for marketing and advertising, inventory, payroll, showroom rent, capital expenditures associated with opening new showrooms and updating existing showrooms, as well as infrastructure and information technology. The most significant components of our working capital are cash and cash equivalents, inventory, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities and customer deposits. Borrowings generally increase in our third fiscal quarter as we prepare for the holiday selling season, which is in our fourth fiscal quarter. We believe that cash expected to be generated from operations, the availability under our revolving line of credit and our existing cash balances are sufficient to meet working capital requirements and anticipated capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.

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Cash Flow Analysis

A summary of operating, investing, and financing activities during the periods indicated are shown in the following table:

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Cash from operating activities consists primarily of net income (loss) adjusted for certain non-cash items, including depreciation, amortization, loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment, impairment of property and equipment, equity based compensation, deferred rent, and non-cash interest expense and the effect of changes in working capital and other activities.

In fiscal 2022, net cash provided by operating activities was $34.0 million and consisted of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $31.2 million, a net income of $45.9 million, and non-cash items of $19.9 million. Working capital and other activities consisted primarily of increases in inventory of $56.8 million, trade accounts receivable of $4.0 million, customer deposits of $7.3 million, accounts payable and accrued expenses of $39.2 million, and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $2.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $14.4 million.

In fiscal 2021, net cash provided by operating activities was $40.5 million and consisted of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $10.5 million, a net income of $14.7 million, and non-cash items of $15.3 million. Working capital and other activities consisted primarily of increases in inventory of $14.0 million and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $2.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $2.7 million and increases in accrued liabilities and accounts payable of $19.6 million, and customer deposits of $4.3 million.

In fiscal 2020, net cash used in operating activities was $11.2 million and consisted of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $7.8 million, a net loss of $15.2 million, and non-cash items of $11.8 million. Working capital and other activities consisted primarily of increases in inventory of $10.2 million, accounts receivable of $3.2 million, and prepaid expenses of $2.2 million, partially offset by increases in accrued liabilities and accounts payable of $7.2 million, and other current liabilities of $0.6 million.

Net Cash Used In Investing Activities

Investing activities consist primarily of investments related to capital expenditures for new showroom openings, the remodeling of existing showrooms, and the acquisition of intangible assets .

For fiscal 2022, capital expenditures were $16.5 million as a result of investments in new and remodeled showrooms and intangibles.

For fiscal 2021, capital expenditures were $9.1 million as a result of investments in new and remodeled showrooms and intangibles.

For fiscal 2020, capital expenditures were $10.7 million as a result of investments in new and remodeled showrooms and intangibles which included $0.3 million in proceeds from the disposal of property and equipment.

Net Cash (Used in) Provided By Financing Activities

Financing activities consist primarily of taxes paid for the net settlement of equity awards.

For fiscal 2022, net cash used in financing activities was $3.5 million primarily due to taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards of $3.6 million offset by proceeds from the exercise of warrants of $0.1 million .

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For fiscal 2021, net cash used in financing activities was $1.7 million which is mainly attributable taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards.

For fiscal 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $21.3 million, primarily due to $25.6 million of net proceeds from a primary share offering net of $4.3 million of taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards.

Revolving Line of Credit

On March 25, 2022, we amended our existing credit agreement providing for an asset-based revolving credit facility with the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent. The maturity date of our credit agreement was extended to March 25, 2024 and, among other things, the maximum revolver commitment was increased from $25.0 million to $40.0 million, subject to borrowing base and availability restrictions. Our credit agreement includes a $1,000,000 sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit and a $4,000,000 sublimit for swing line loans. There were no outstanding borrowings under our credit facility as of January 30, 2022 and March 30, 2022.

We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.30% based on the daily unused portion of the credit facility. Amounts outstanding under the credit facility, at our option, bear interest at either a base rate or a term SOFR based rate, plus, in either case, a margin determined by reference to our quarterly average excess availability under the credit facility and ranging from 0.50% to 0.75% for borrowings accruing interest at base rate and from 1.625% to 1.850% for borrowings accruing interest at term SOFR. Swing line loans will at all times accrue interest at a base rate plus the applicable margin. The lower margins described above will apply initially and will adjust thereafter from time to time based on the quarterly average excess availability under the credit facility. For additional information regarding our line of credit with Wells, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements.

Severance Contingency

We have employment agreements with our senior level executives. These agreements have severance provisions, ranging from 12 to 18 months of salary, in the event those associates are terminated without cause or resign for good reason. The total amount of exposure to us under these agreements was $5.5 million at January 30, 2022 if all executives with employment agreements were terminated without cause or resign for good reason and the full amount of severance was payable.

Contractual Obligations

We generally enter into long-term contractual obligations and commitments in the normal course of business, primarily debt obligations and non-cancelable operating leases. As of January 30, 2022, our contractual cash obligations over the next several periods were as follows:

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. Certain accounting policies and estimates are particularly important to the understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management or can be materially affected by changes from period to period in economic factors or conditions that are outside of our control. As a result, they are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. In applying these policies, management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical operations, our future business plans and projected financial results, the terms of existing contracts, observance of trends in the industry, information provided by our customers and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. Please see Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a complete description of our

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significant accounting policies. There have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies during fiscal 2022.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue consists substantially of product sales. We report product sales net of discounts and recognize them at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, which occurs when shipment is confirmed.

Estimated refunds for returns and allowances are recorded using our historical return patterns, adjusting for any changes in returns policies. We record estimated refunds for net sales returns on a monthly basis as a reduction of net sales and cost of sales on the statement of operations and an increase in inventory and customers returns liability on the balance sheet.

In some cases, deposits are received before we transfer control, resulting in contract liabilities. These contract’s liabilities are reported as deposits on the Company’s balance sheet.

Upon adoption of ASC 606, we have elected the following accounting policies and practical expedients:

We recognize shipping and handling expense as fulfillment activities (rather than as a promised good or service) when the activities are performed even if those activities are performed after the control of the good has been transferred. Accordingly, we record the expenses for shipping and handling activities at the same time we recognize revenue.

We exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue- producing transaction and collected by the entity from a customer, including sales, use, excise, value-added, and franchise taxes (collectively referred to as sales taxes).

We do not adjust revenue for the effects of any financing components if the contract has a duration of one year or less, as we receive payment from the customer within one year from when we transferred control of the related goods.

We offer our products through an inventory lean omni-channel platform that provides a seamless and meaningful experience to its customers in showrooms and through the internet. The other channel predominantly represents sales through the use of pop-up-shops that typically average ten days at a time and are staffed with associates trained to demonstrate and sell our product.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and right of use assets from leases. Property and equipment includes leasehold improvements, and other intangible assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for potential impairment at such time that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recovered. We evaluate for impairment at the individual showroom level, which is the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. When evaluating long-lived assets for potential impairment, we will first compare the carrying amount of the assets to the future undiscounted cash flows for the respective long-lived asset. If the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying amounts of the assets, an impairment loss calculation is prepared. An impairment loss is measured based upon the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its estimated fair value which is generally based on an estimated future discounted cash flow. If required, an impairment loss is recorded for that portion of the asset’s carrying value in excess of fair value.

In fiscal 2022, we recognized impairment charges totaling $0.6 million associated with showroom-level right of use lease assets. During fiscal 2021, we recorded impairment charges of $0.2 million, associated with the assets of an underperforming retail location. The impairments in fiscal 2022 and fiscal were 2021 calculated using a discounted cash flow model and were recorded in selling, general and administrative in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Merchandise Inventories

Merchandise inventories are comprised of finished goods which are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value and capitalized freight and warehousing costs. Cost is determined on a weighted-average method basis. Merchandise inventories consist primarily of foam filled furniture, sectional couches, and related accessories. We adjust our inventory for obsolescence based on historical trends, aging reports, specific identification and its estimates of future retail sales prices. In addition, we include capitalized freight and warehousing costs in inventory related to the finished goods in inventory.

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Operating Leases

The Company determines if a long-term contractual obligation is a lease at inception. The majority of our operating leases relate to company showrooms. We also lease our corporate facilities. These operating leases expire at various dates through fiscal 2032. Showroom leases may include options that allow us to extend the lease term beyond the initial base period, subject to terms agreed upon at lease inception. Some leases also include early termination options, which can be exercised under specific conditions. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company records lease liabilities at the present value of the lease payments not yet paid, discounted at the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.

We recognize operating lease cost over the estimated term of the lease, which includes options to extend lease terms that are reasonably certain of being exercised, starting when possession of the property is taken from the landlord, which normally includes a construction period prior to the showroom opening. When a lease contains a predetermined fixed escalation of the fixed rent, we recognize the related operating lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term. In addition, certain of our lease agreements include variable lease payments, such as payments based on a percentage of sales that are in excess of a predetermined level and/or increases based on a change in the consumer price index or fair market value. These variable lease payments are excluded from minimum lease payments and are included in the determination of net lease cost when it is probable that the expense has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If an operating lease asset is impaired, the remaining operating lease asset will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term.

Equity-based Compensation

We account for equity-based compensation for associates and directors by recognizing the fair value of equity-based compensation as an expense in the calculation of net income, based on the grant-date fair value. We recognize equity-based compensation expense in the periods in which the associate or director is required to provide service, which is generally over the vesting period of the individual equity instruments. The fair value of the equity-based awards is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model or the stock price on the date of grant.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Except as described below, we have considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its financial statements.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) amending lease guidance to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU No. 2020-05 extended the effective date to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. We adopted the guidance in fiscal 2022 and there was not a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations.

Adoption of this standard resulted in the recognition of operating lease right-to-use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $90 million and $97 million, respectively, and reclassification of deferred rent of $6.7 million as a reduction of the right-of-use assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of January 30, 2022. The new standard also provides practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing accounting. The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify. This means, for those leases that qualify, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities, and this includes not recognizing ROU assets or lease liabilities for existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. We also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of our leases.

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In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718). ASU 2018-07 eliminates the separate accounting model for nonemployee share-based payment awards and generally requires companies to account for share-based payment transactions with nonemployees in the same way as share-based payment transactions with employees. The accounting remains different for attribution, which represents how the equity-based payment cost is recognized over the vesting period, and a contractual term election for valuing nonemployee equity share options. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We adopted the guidance in fiscal 2022 and there was not a material effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations.