Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc. (GRDN)
SIC breadcrumb: Retail Trade > Miscellaneous Retail > SIC 5912 Retail-Drug Stores and Proprietary Stores
SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1802255. Latest filing source: 0001193125-26-102172.
Selected Fundamentals
| Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 1,448,685,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-11 |
| Net income | 49,219,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-11 |
| Assets | 412,658,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-11 |
Financials
Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-03-11. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001802255.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.
| Metric | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 1,228,409,000 | 1,448,685,000 | |
| Net income | -110,047,000 | 49,219,000 | |
| Operating income | -62,920,000 | 72,701,000 | |
| Gross profit | 244,371,000 | 292,718,000 | |
| Operating cash flow | 57,960,000 | 100,255,000 | |
| Capital expenditures | 14,710,000 | 13,416,000 | |
| Assets | 320,810,000 | 412,658,000 | |
| Liabilities | 170,834,000 | 194,734,000 | |
| Stockholders' equity | 59,859,000 | 149,976,000 | 217,924,000 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 4,660,000 | 65,619,000 | |
| Free cash flow | 43,250,000 | 86,839,000 |
Ratios
| Metric | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net margin | -8.96% | 3.40% | |
| Operating margin | -5.12% | 5.02% | |
| Return on equity | -73.38% | 22.59% | |
| Return on assets | -34.30% | 11.93% | |
| Liabilities / equity | 1.14 | 0.89 | |
| Current ratio | 1.05 | 1.38 |
Financial Charts
Quarterly
Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-06. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001802255.json.
| Quarter | End Date | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 314,393,000 | -121,990,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 329,308,000 | 9,448,000 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-03-31 | 9,448,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 344,334,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-06-30 | 9,030,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 377,427,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 397,616,000 | 20,923,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 336,595,000 | 13,295,000 | reported discrete quarter |
Quarterly Charts
Macro Cross-References
- CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
- UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
- FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
- CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
- DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
- DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
- DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
- DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
- T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
- CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
- CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
- CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
- CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
- PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
- PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
- PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
- T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
- U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
- PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
- CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
- EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
- UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
- CE16OV - Employment Level
- ICSA - Initial Claims
- JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
- JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
- GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
- A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
- INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
- TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
- HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
- PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
- RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
- PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
- PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
- M2SL - M2
- BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
- MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
- HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
- RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
- TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
- RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
- TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
- GDP - Gross Domestic Product
- GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
- GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
- PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
- GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
- GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
- FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
- FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
- FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
- MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
- USCONS - All Employees, Construction
- USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
- USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
- USGOVT - All Employees, Government
- AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
- DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
- NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
- BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
- EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
- IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
- IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
- PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand
Latest quarter (10-Q)
Latest 10-Q source: 0001193125-26-209021.
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and the discussion under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. This discussion and other parts of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations, and intentions, that are based on the beliefs of our management. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Guardian,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” when used in this report mean Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc. and all subsidiaries included in our consolidated financial statements. Overview We are a leading, highly differentiated pharmacy services company that provides an extensive suite of technology-enabled services designed to help residents of long-term health care facilities (“LTCFs”) adhere to their appropriate drug regimen, which in turn helps reduce the cost of care and improve clinical outcomes. We enter into contracts directly with LTCFs to serve as the principal pharmacy provider for their residents. In this capacity, we offer high-touch, individualized clinical, drug dispensing and administration capabilities that are tailored to serve the needs of residents in historically lower acuity LTCFs, such as assisted living facilities (“ALFs”) and behavioral health facilities (“BHFs”). Additionally, our robust capabilities enable us to serve residents in all types of LTCFs. Our services include prescription intake and adjudication management, packaging drugs into unit dose and/or multi-dose compliance packaging that are organized by date and time of administration, and electronically tracking each drug from delivery through administration to LTCF residents. We also offer training to caregivers and conduct mock audits to ensure compliance with pharmacy administration requirements, billing claims processing, government regulation and other matters. As of March 31, 2026, our 61 pharmacies, 54 of which are full-service, served approximately 207,000 residents in approximately 8,400 LTCFs across 38 states. While our national competitors have primarily focused on skilled nursing facilities (“SNFs”), we believe we enjoy a strong competitive position as a large and purpose-built provider of pharmacy services to ALFs and BHFs. More than two-thirds of our annual revenue for each of the past three years has been generated from residents of ALFs and BHFs, while the remainder has been generated primarily from residents of SNFs. LTCF industry trends, including aging demographics, increases in the number of assisted living residents, improving life expectancies and enhanced quality of care, have resulted in ALF and BHF resident populations that require assistance with their increasingly acute and complex healthcare needs. Through our value-added capabilities and local management model, we have been able to pass on to residents, LTCFs and health plan payors the benefits of our scale without compromising on the high-touch, localized customer service traditionally associated with an independent pharmacy. For this reason, we are well positioned to continue to serve ALFs and BHFs, which we believe to be the most attractive and highest growth sector of the LTCF market. Our core growth strategy focuses on increasing the number of residents we serve through a combination of organic and acquired growth. Acquired growth represents growth in the number of residents served resulting from acquiring an operating pharmacy, which we measure using the number of residents served by the acquired pharmacy as of the acquisition date. Organic growth represents the increase in the number of residents served at existing pharmacies, our greenfield pharmacies, and acquired pharmacies subsequent to the acquisition date. We have generated organic growth through new and expanded LTCF relationships as well as increased resident adoption of our services in the facilities we already serve. 14 Table of Contents Conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock In accordance with the terms of the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, during the three months ended March 31, 2026, 13,527,437 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock automatically converted, in accordance with the terms of such class and without any further action by their holders or the Company, into an equal number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. Follow-On Offering In March 2026, the Company completed an underwritten follow-on public offering (the “Q1 2026 Offering”) of 1,020,000 shares of Class A common stock at an offering price of $31.00 per share. We used all of the proceeds, net of underwriting discounts of $1,344 from the Q1 2026 Offering to purchase 1,020,000 shares of outstanding Class A common stock that were issued upon conversion of shares of our Class B common stock that were originally issued in connection with our Corporate Reorganization. The 1,020,000 shares of Class A common stock purchased by the Company were cancelled, resulting in no change to the total number of Class A common stock outstanding. We did not retain any of the proceeds from the sale of shares in the offering. As part of the Q1 2026 Offering, certain selling stockholders, consisting of the Company’s founders, also sold 5,880,000 shares of Class A common stock. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders in this offering. Factors Affecting the Comparability of Our Results of Operations Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and the corresponding period in 2025 have been affected by the following, among other factors, which must be understood to assess the comparability of our period-to-period financial performance and condition. Acquisitions Our growth strategy involves periodically acquiring institutional pharmacies servicing LTCFs and their residents as well as residents in other care settings. Our strategy includes the acquisition of freestanding institutional pharmacy businesses as well as other assets, generally less significant in size, which are combined with our existing pharmacy operations to augment internal organic growth. During 2025, we completed acquisitions of various pharmacy operations (the “2025 Acquisitions”). The operating results of the 2025 Acquisitions were a contributing factor in certain changes in the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the corresponding periods in 2025. Acquisition impacts are considered when the beginning of the comparative period precedes the acquisition date. Inflation Reduction Act In August 2022, Congress passed the Inflation Reduction Act (the “IRA”), which, among other provisions, introduced significant drug pricing reforms aimed to reduce federal government and beneficiary spending for Medicare Part B and Part D drugs. Key provisions in this legislation include limited authority for regulators to negotiate prices for certain Medicare drugs, caps on beneficiary cost share and maximum out-of-pocket spending, and rebates on manufacturers where drug prices exceed inflation. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services released initial guidance related to the implementation of this program, and has since entered three rounds of the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program. In January 2026, the initial ten Part D drugs that were part of IRA negotiations had their negotiated prices go into effect. The reduction in prices to the IRA-impacted drugs affect the comparability of results, specifically for revenue and cost of goods sold, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, which includes the impact of the IRA, when compared against the results of the three months ended March 31, 2025, which does not include the impact of IRA. 15 Table of Contents Components of Results of Operations Revenues. We recognize revenue at the time of delivery of prescriptions and other pharmacy services to the LTCF, at which time control has been transferred. Revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these goods and services. Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of expenses associated with the fulfillment and delivery of the prescription, including prescription drug acquisition costs. Cost of goods sold also includes associated pharmacy personnel-related expenses, including salaries and benefits, delivery charges and other supporting overhead costs (such as rent and depreciation and amortization of assets used in the fulfillment and delivery of the prescription). Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including share-based compensation, salaries and benefits, for our employees at the pharmacies and support services engaged in other pharmacy related activities including sales and marketing, finance, legal, human resources, purchasing and other administrative functions. Selling, general, and administrative expenses also include facilities-related expenses, software expenses, sales and marketing expenses, insurance premiums, professional services expenses, including for outside legal and accounting services, other overhead costs, changes in the fair value of contingent payments related to acquisitions, depreciation related to long lived assets, and amortization of intangible assets. Interest expense. Interest expense consists of interest on finance leases. Other expense (income), net. Other expense, net consists primarily of gain (loss) on asset disposals and interest income earned on cash deposits. Provision for income taxes. Provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2026 The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2026, respectively. The year-over-year comparison of results of operations is not necessarily indicative of results for future periods. Three Months Ended March 31, (in thousands) 2025 2026 Revenues $ 329,308 $ 336,595 Cost of goods sold 264,959 260,286 Gross profit 64,349 76,309 Selling, general, and administrative expenses 51,344 58,634 Operating income 13,005 17,675 Other expenses (income): Interest expense 170 154 Other expense (income), net (271 ) (772 ) Total other expenses (income) (101 ) (618 ) Income before income taxes 13,106 18,293 Provision for income taxes 3,833 4,749 Net income 9,273 13,544 Less net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (175 ) 249 Net income attributable to Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc. $ 9,448 $ 13,295 Adjusted EBITDA (1) $ 23,433 $ 29,758 (1) See “ —Adjusted EBITDA and Other Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for more information and for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. 16 Table of Contents Revenues Three Months Ended March 31, % Change 2025 2026 (in thousands) Revenue $ 329,308 $ 336,595 2.2 % Revenue for the three months e [Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]
Latest 10-K MD&A
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following discussion analyzes our financial condition and results of operations and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Risk Factor Summary.” When reviewing the discussion below, you should keep in mind the substantial risks and uncertainties that characterize our business. Known material factors that could affect our financial performance and actual results, and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements included in this discussion or otherwise made by our management, are described in “Risk Factors.” Factors that could cause or contribute to such difference are not limited to those identified in “Risk Factors.” A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 is presented below. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. Overview We are a leading, highly differentiated pharmacy services company that provides an extensive suite of technology-enabled services designed to help residents of long-term health care facilities (“LTCFs”) adhere to their appropriate drug regimen, which in turn helps reduce the cost of care and improve clinical outcomes. We enter into contracts directly with LTCFs to serve as the principal pharmacy provider for their residents. In this capacity, we offer high-touch, individualized clinical, drug dispensing and administration capabilities that are tailored to serve the needs of residents in historically lower acuity LTCFs, such as assisted living facilities (“ALFs”) and behavioral health facilities (“BHFs”). Additionally, our robust capabilities enable us to serve 49 Table of Contents residents in all types of LTCFs. Our services include prescription intake and adjudication management, packaging drugs into unit dose and/or multi-dose compliance packaging that are organized by date and time of administration, and electronically tracking each drug from delivery through administration to LTCF residents. We also offer training to caregivers and conduct mock audits to ensure compliance with pharmacy administration requirements, billing claims processing, government regulation and other matters. As of December 31, 2025, our 61 pharmacies, 54 of which are full-service, served approximately 205,000 residents in approximately 8,400 LTCFs across 38 states. While our national competitors have primarily focused on skilled nursing facilities (“SNFs”), we believe we enjoy a strong competitive position as a large and purpose-built provider of pharmacy services to ALFs and BHFs. More than two-thirds of our annual revenue for each of the past three years has been generated from residents of ALFs and BHFs, while the remainder has been generated primarily from residents of SNFs. LTCF industry trends, including aging demographics, increases in the number of assisted living residents, improving life expectancies and enhanced quality of care, have resulted in ALF and BHF resident populations that require assistance with their increasingly acute and complex healthcare needs. Through our value-added capabilities and local management model, we have been able to pass on to residents, LTCFs and health plan payors the benefits of our scale without compromising on the high-touch, localized customer service traditionally associated with an independent pharmacy. For this reason, we are well positioned to continue to serve ALFs and BHFs, which we believe to be the most attractive and highest growth sector of the LTCF market. Our core growth strategy focuses on increasing the number of residents we serve through a combination of organic and acquired growth. Acquired growth represents growth in the number of residents served resulting from acquiring an operating pharmacy, which we measure using the number of residents served by the acquired pharmacy as of the acquisition date. Organic growth represents the increase in the number of residents served at existing pharmacies, our greenfield pharmacies, and acquired pharmacies subsequent to the acquisition date. We have generated organic growth through new and expanded LTCF relationships as well as increased resident adoption of our services in the facilities we already serve. Corporate Reorganization and IPO On September 27, 2024, the Company consummated its initial public offering (“IPO”) of 8,000,000 shares of its Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Class A common stock”). Also on September 27, 2024, the underwriters for the IPO exercised in full their option to purchase an additional 1,200,000 shares of Class A common stock. The 9,200,000 shares were issued at a public offering price of $14.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $119.8 million, after deducting underwriting discounts of $9.0 million. In addition to the underwriting discounts, the Company incurred $13.0 million of offering costs, which were recorded to additional paid-in capital. Prior to the IPO, we conducted our business through Guardian Pharmacy, LLC, and its majority owned and wholly owned limited liability company subsidiaries, which were treated for income tax purposes as partnerships and disregarded entities, respectively. Immediately prior to the IPO, we completed a series of corporate reorganization transactions (the “Corporate Reorganization”), pursuant to which: • All Preferred Units in Guardian Pharmacy, LLC were converted into Common Units, resulting in Guardian Pharmacy, LLC having only Common Units outstanding; • The membership interests, including Restricted Interest Unit awards, held by members other than Guardian Pharmacy, LLC in our subsidiaries (other than certain subsidiaries that were not parties to the Corporate Reorganization, as discussed below) were converted into Common Units of Guardian Pharmacy, LLC. The subsidiaries that participated in the Corporate Reorganization are referred to as the “Converted Subsidiaries”, and the subsidiaries that were not parties to the Corporate Reorganization (including those which were formed or acquired subsequent to the Corporate Reorganization) are referred to as the “Non-Converted Subsidiaries”; and 50 Table of Contents • Guardian Pharmacy, LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company by participating in a merger with a transitory subsidiary of the Company. Pursuant to the merger, each Common Unit of Guardian Pharmacy, LLC was converted into (i) one share of the Company’s Class B common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Class B common stock”) and (ii) the right to receive $1.02 in cash per share, without interest (collectively, the “Merger Consideration”). In the merger, 54,094,232 shares of Class B common stock were issued in exchange for Common Units of Guardian Pharmacy, LLC. In accordance with the terms of the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, such issued shares of Class B common stock automatically convert on a one-for-one basis into shares of Class A common stock, with 25% of each holder’s shares of Class B common stock converting into shares of Class A common stock on each of the following dates: (i) March 28, 2025; (ii) September 27, 2025; (iii) March 28, 2026; and (iv) September 27, 2026. The Merger Consideration was $55,176 and was paid using the proceeds from the IPO. As a result of the Corporate Reorganization, the Company became a holding company with no material assets other than its 100% interest in Guardian Pharmacy, LLC, and the Converted Subsidiaries became wholly owned subsidiaries of Guardian Pharmacy, LLC. In addition, Guardian Pharmacy, LLC remained the majority owner of each of the Non-Converted Subsidiaries. The Non-Converted Subsidiaries are (i) greenfield start-up pharmacies in various stages of development and integration with Guardian and do not currently have material operations or (ii) pharmacies that we recently acquired. After a period of time that would typically be sufficient to allow such pharmacies to adopt our operating practices and experience meaningful growth in residents served and earnings, we expect to acquire the minority membership interests of such Non-Converted Subsidiaries. Conversion of Class B Common Stock to Class A Common stock In accordance with the terms of the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the conversion schedule described in the Corporate Reorganization and IPO section above, on March 28, 2025 and September 27, 2025, 13,519,946 and 13,523,285 shares, respectively, of the Company’s Class B common stock automatically converted, in accordance with the terms of such class and without any further action by their holders or the Company, into an equal number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. Follow-On Offering In May 2025, the Company completed an underwritten follow-on public offering of 1,440,447 shares of Class A common stock at an offering price of $21.00 per share (the “Q2 2025 Offering”). We used all of the net proceeds from the Q2 2025 Offering to purchase 1,440,447 shares of outstanding Class A common stock that were issued upon conversion of shares of our Class B common stock that were originally issued in connection with our Corporate Reorganization. The 1,440,447 shares of Class A common stock purchased by the Company were cancelled, resulting in no change to the total number of Class A common stock outstanding. We did not retain any of the proceeds from the sale of shares in the offering. As part of the Q2 2025 Offering, certain selling stockholders, consisting of the Company’s founders (the “Guardian Founders”), sold 7,184,553 shares of Class A common stock. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders in the Q2 2025 Offering. Factors Affecting the Comparability of Our Results of Operations Our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024 have been affected by the following, among other factors, which must be understood to assess the comparability of our period-to-period financial performance and condition. 51 Table of Contents Acquisitions Our growth strategy involves periodically acquiring institutional pharmacies servicing LTCFs and their residents as well as residents in other care settings. Our strategy includes the acquisition of freestanding institutional pharmacy businesses as well as other assets, generally less significant in size, which are combined with existing pharmacy operations to augment internal organic growth. During 2024 and 2025, we completed acquisitions of various pharmacy operations (the “Acquisitions”). The operating results of the Acquisitions were a contributing factor in certain changes in the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. Acquisition impacts are considered when the beginning of the comparative period precedes the acquisition date. Share-Based Compensation (in connection with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO) In connection with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, Restricted Interest Unit awards associated with the Converted Subsidiaries and Guardian Pharmacy, LLC were converted into Common Units of Guardian Pharmacy, LLC, and the Common Units in Guardian Pharmacy, LLC were then converted into Class B common stock of the Company. This conversion of Restricted Interest Units was treated as a modification, requiring the units to be marked to fair value on the modification date, resulting in the Company recognizing $125.7 million of incremental share-based compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2024. Components of Results of Operations Revenues. We recognize revenue at the time of delivery of prescriptions and other pharmacy services to the LTCF, at which time control has been transferred. Revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these goods and services. Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of expenses associated with the fulfillment and delivery of the prescription, including prescription drug acquisition costs. Cost of goods sold also includes associated pharmacy personnel-related expenses, including salaries and benefits, delivery charges and other supporting overhead costs (such as rent and depreciation and amortization of assets used in the fulfillment and delivery of the prescription). Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including share-based compensation, salaries and benefits, for our employees at the pharmacies and support services engaged in other pharmacy related activities including sales and marketing, finance, legal, human resources, purchasing and other administrative functions. Selling, general, and administrative expenses also include facilities-related expenses, software expenses, insurance premiums, professional services expenses, including for outside legal and accounting services, other overhead costs, changes in the fair value of contingent payments related to acquisitions, depreciation related to long lived assets, and amortization of intangible assets. Prior to the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, share-based compensation expense primarily represented non-cash recognition of changes in the value of Restricted Interest Unit awards. These awards contained a cash settlement feature and were accounted for as a liability in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). These units remained in place until they were (a) forfeited (which occurs when the employee leaves before the units are fully vested), (b) paid out (we purchase the units at a calculated value upon termination of employment) or (c) converted into shares as a result of a major capital event such as a sale or public offering. In connection with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, all outstanding Restricted Interest Unit awards, other than those issued by Non-Converted Subsidiaries, were converted into shares of Class B common stock, certain of which had additional vesting requirements following the IPO, and are no longer considered a liability. In addition to the unvested Class B common stock issued in connection with the 52 Table of Contents Corporate Reorganization and IPO, the Company has share-based compensation awards in the form of restricted stock units, which are settled in shares of Class A common stock upon vesting and are considered equity-based awards. Interest expense. Interest expense consists of interest on our long-term debt and line of credit under our credit facility and finance leases. Other expense (income), net. Other expense, net consists primarily of gain (loss) on asset disposals and interest income earned on cash deposits. Provision for income taxes. Provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain jurisdictions in which we conduct business. Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 The following table sets forth our consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively. The year-over-year comparison of results of operations is not necessarily indicative of results for future periods. Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2024 2025 Revenues $ 1,228,409 $ 1,448,685 Cost of goods sold 984,038 1,155,967 Gross profit 244,371 292,718 Selling, general, and administrative expenses (1) 307,291 220,017 Operating income (loss) (62,920 ) 72,701 Other expenses: Interest expense 3,278 665 Other expense (income), net 279 (1,387 ) Total other expenses (income), net 3,557 (722 ) Income (loss) before income taxes (66,477 ) 73,423 Provision for income taxes 4,556 24,465 Net income (loss) (71,033 ) 48,958 Less net income attributable to Guardian Pharmacy, LLC prior to the Corporate Reorganization 22,760 — Less net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests (2) 16,254 (261 ) Net income (loss) attributable to Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc $ (110,047 ) $ 49,219 Adjusted EBITDA (3) $ 90,834 $ 115,145 (1) Included in selling, general, and administrative expenses is share-based compensation expense of $131,490 and $13,850 during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, this share-based compensation expense primarily represents the incremental expense recognized for Restricted Interest Unit awards that were modified in connection with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO. For the year ended December 31, 2025, this share-based compensation expense primarily represents the incremental expense recognized for Restricted Interest Unit awards that were modified in connection with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, and share-based compensation expense for Restricted Stock Units granted for Class A common stock. 53 Table of Contents (2) These figures, for both Converted Subsidiaries and Non-Converted Subsidiaries, reflect minority membership interests in our subsidiaries preceding the Corporate Reorganization and IPO. Subsequent to the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, and for the year ended December 31, 2025, these figures reflect the minority membership interest for the Non-Converted Subsidiaries. (3) See “ —Adjusted EBITDA and Other Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for more information and for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Revenue Year Ended December 31, % Change 2024 2025 (in thousands) Revenue $ 1,228,409 $ 1,448,685 17.9 % Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased by $220.3 million or 17.9% compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. $68.4 million of the increase was attributable to revenue from the Acquisitions, with the remaining $151.9 million of the increase attributable to the organic growth of our business. Further, the increase was attributable to increases in the number of residents served from 186,000 residents during December 2024 to 205,000 residents during December 2025 and prescriptions dispensed from 25.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 to 28.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2025, as well as annual drug price inflation. Cost of goods sold Year Ended December 31, % Change 2024 2025 (in thousands) Cost of goods sold $ 984,038 $ 1,155,967 17.5 % Percentage of revenue 80.1 % 79.8 % Cost of goods sold for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased by $171.9 million or 17.5% compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. $60.7 million of the increase was attributable to the Acquisitions, with the remaining $111.2 million of the increase attributable to the organic growth of our business. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue decreased from 80.1% to 79.8% year over year. Selling, general, and administrative expenses Year Ended December 31, % Change 2024 2025 (in thousands) Selling, general, and administrative expenses $ 307,291 $ 220,017 (28.4 )% Percentage of revenue 25.0 % 15.2 % Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $87.3 million or (28.4)% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. $117.6 million of the decrease was driven by decreases in share-based compensation expense, as the year ended December 31, 2024 included significant share-based compensation expense recognized in connection with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO. This decrease was offset by a $30.3 million increase in expense due to an increase in average employee headcount, 54 Table of Contents with $20.1 million resulting from organic growth and $10.2 million resulting from the Acquisitions. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased from 25.0% to 15.2% primarily as a result of the decreases in share-based compensation expense described above. Interest expense Year Ended December 31, % Change 2024 2025 (in thousands) Interest expense $ 3,278 $ 665 (79.7 )% Interest expense decreased $2.6 million or (79.7)% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was due to having no balances outstanding under the Credit Facility (see “-Liquidity and Capital Resources” below) during the year ended December 31, 2025. Provision for income taxes Year Ended December 31, % Change 2024 2025 (in thousands) Provision for income taxes $ 4,556 $ 24,465 437.0 % Income tax expense increased by $19.9 million or 437.0% for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. In 2024, Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc. and its majority-owned and wholly-owned limited liability company subsidiaries reported one quarter of tax expense, post-IPO and Corporate Reorganization. Prior to the IPO, we conducted our business through Guardian Pharmacy, LLC, and its majority-owned and wholly-owned limited liability company subsidiaries, which were treated for income tax purposes as partnerships and disregarded entities, respectively for the first three quarters of 2024. Adjusted EBITDA and Other Non-GAAP Financial Measures To supplement the results presented in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, we also present Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS and Adjusted SG&A, which are financial measures not based on any standardized methodology prescribed by GAAP. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, as adjusted to exclude the impact of items and amounts that we view as not indicative of our core operating performance, including share-based compensation, certain legal and regulatory items, financing-related and other activities, payor-reimbursement matters, and certain tax matters related to the Corporate Reorganization and IPO. We define Adjusted Net Income as net income attributable to Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc. before share-based compensation expense, certain legal and other regulatory items, financing-related and other activities, payor- reimbursement matters, amortization expense associated with acquisition-related intangible assets, the income tax impact of the adjustments, and certain tax matters related to the Corporate Reorganization and IPO. We define Adjusted EPS as Adjusted Net Income divided by the total weighted average of diluted shares for Class A common stock and Class B common stock. 55 Table of Contents We define Adjusted SG&A as GAAP selling, general, and administrative expenses adjusted to exclude the impact of share-based compensation, expenses relating to certain legal and regulatory items, financing-related and other activities, and payor-reimbursement matters. Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS and Adjusted SG&A do not have a definition under GAAP, and our definition of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS and Adjusted SG&A may not be the same as, or comparable to, similarly titled measures used by other companies. We use Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted SG&A to better understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends. We believe that presenting Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted SG&A provides useful information to investors in understanding and evaluating our operating results, as it permits investors to view our core business performance using the same metrics that management uses to evaluate our performance. There are a number of limitations related to the use of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted SG&A rather than the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, including: • Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect interest and income tax payments that represent a reduction in cash available to us; • Depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges and the assets being depreciated may have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditure requirements; • Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, and Adjusted EPS do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs; • Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted SG&A do not consider the impact of share-based compensation; and • Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted SG&A exclude the impact of certain legal and regulatory items, and payor-reimbursement matters which can affect our current and future cash requirements. Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted SG&A should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. You should consider Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted EPS, and Adjusted SG&A alongside other financial measures, including net income, diluted EPS, GAAP selling, general, and administrative expense and our other financial results presented in accordance with GAAP. 56 Table of Contents A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, of Adjusted Net Income to Net Income Attributable to Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc., and of Adjusted SG&A to GAAP selling, general, and administrative expense, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, are set forth below. Year Ended December 31, (in thousands) 2024 2025 Net income (loss) $ (71,033 ) $ 48,958 Add: Interest expense (income), net 3,278 (418 ) Depreciation and amortization 19,772 22,335 Provision for income taxes 4,556 24,465 EBITDA $ (43,427 ) $ 95,340 Share-based compensation (1) 131,490 13,850 Certain legal & other regulatory matters (2) 3,988 1,094 Financing-related and other activities (3) 453 2,175 Payor-reimbursement matters (4) (1,670 ) 2,686 Adjusted EBITDA $ 90,834 $ 115,145 Net income as a percentage of revenue (5.8 )% 3.4 % Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue 7.4 % 7.9 % Net Income (loss) attributable to Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc. $ (110,047 ) $ 49,219 Share-based compensation (1) N/M 13,850 Certain legal & other regulatory matters (2) N/M 1,094 Financing-related and other activities (3) N/M 2,175 Payor-reimbursement matters (4) N/M 2,686 Acquisition-related intangible asset amortization (5) N/M 3,658 Income tax impact of adjustments (7) N/M (6,969 ) Certain tax matters related to Corporate Reorganization and IPO (6) — 1,725 Adjusted net income N/M (8 ) $ 67,438 Weighted average common shares outstanding used in calculating diluted U.S. GAAP net income per share N/A 63,297,123 Weighted average common shares outstanding used in calculating diluted Non-GAAP net income per share N/M 63,297,123 Diluted EPS $ (1.77 ) $ 0.78 Adjusted EPS N/M (8 ) $ 1.07 GAAP selling, general, and administrative expenses $ 307,291 $ 220,017 Subtract: Share-based compensation (1) 131,490 13,850 Certain legal & other regulatory matters (2) 3,988 1,094 Financing-related and other activities (3) 453 2,175 Payor-reimbursement matters (4) $ — $ 4,316 Adjusted SG&A $ 171,360 $ 198,582 GAAP selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue 25.0 % 15.2 % Adjusted SG&A as a percentage of revenue 13.9 % 13.7 % 57 Table of Contents (1) Prior to the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, our share-based compensation expense primarily represented non-cash recognition of changes in the value of Restricted Interest Unit awards, which had historically been recorded as a liability using a cash settlement methodology as calculated on a quarterly basis. In connection with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, certain Restricted Interest Unit awards were modified, resulting in incremental share-based compensation expense of $125.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, based on the fair value of the modified awards. Share-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 relates to equity-classified awards. (2) Represents non-recurring attorney’s fees, settlement costs and other expenses associated with certain legal proceedings. The Company excludes such charges when evaluating operating performance because it does not incur such charges on a predictable basis and exclusion allows for consistent evaluation of operations. (3) Represents non-recurring costs associated with various financing-related activities and costs to transition to a public company. (4) Represents non-recurring proceeds received, recorded as revenue, and legal expenses, recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses, associated with payor reimbursement matters. Proceeds received associated with payor reimbursement matters, recorded as revenue, were $1.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2025, and $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. Legal expenses associated with payor reimbursement matters, recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses, during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 were $0.0 million and $4.3 million, respectively. (5) Represents amortization expense associated with the acquisition-related intangible assets, such as customer lists and trademarks. (6) Represents non-recurring income tax expense associated with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO. The Company excludes such charges when evaluating operating performance because it does not incur such charges on a predictable basis and exclusion allows for consistent evaluation of operations. (7) Represents the income tax impact of non-GAAP adjustments, calculated using the estimated tax rate for the respective non-GAAP adjustment. (8) Adjusted net income and Adjusted EPS are not presented for the year ended December 31, 2024, as the net income attributable to Guardian Pharmacy Services, Inc. during that period only includes net income for the period subsequent to our IPO on September 27, 2024. As such, adjusted net income and adjusted EPS are not meaningful for these periods. Liquidity and Capital Resources We have historically financed our business and acquisitions primarily through cash from operations and borrowings under our Credit Facility (as defined below) and, more recently, sales of our Class A common stock in our IPO. We use cash in the ordinary course of our operations primarily for prescription drug acquisition costs, capital expenditures, and personnel costs. As of December 31, 2025, we had $65.6 million in cash and cash equivalents. Our cash primarily consists of demand deposits held with a large regional financial institution. On May 13, 2024, the Company entered into the Sixth Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “2024 Amendment”) to the existing credit facility with Regions Bank (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility provides for term loans (the “Term Loan”) and a line of credit. The 2024 Amendment extended the maturity date of the Credit Facility from April 23, 2025 to April 23, 2027. The line of credit under the Credit Facility bears an interest rate equal to the one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an additional rate of 1.80% to 2.80% based on certain financial ratios maintained by the Company. The total amount available under the line of credit as of December 31, 2025 is $40 million and we have the ability to increase our overall Credit Facility up to $75 million. As of December 31, 2025, we had no amounts of principal outstanding under the Term Loan and no borrowings outstanding under the line of credit. 58 Table of Contents We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents, expected cash flows provided by our operations, and the amounts available under our Credit Facility will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12 months and for the foreseeable future, though we may require additional capital resources in the future. Net Cash Flows For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, respectively, our net cash flows provided by / (used in) were as follows: (in thousands) Year Ended December 31, 2024 2025 Operating activities $ 57,960 $ 100,255 Investing activities (30,407 ) (32,225 ) Financing activities (23,645 ) (7,071 ) Operating Activities Cash flows provided by operating activities consist of our net income principally adjusted for certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization, provision for losses on accounts receivable, changes in deferred tax asset, and share-based compensation expense. Cash flows used in operating activities consist primarily of changes in our operating assets and liabilities. Subsequent to the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, income tax payments and receivables are presented as changes in operating assets and liabilities within operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2025 increased by $42.3 million compared to the corresponding period in 2024. The increase was primarily due to less accounts receivable growth, decreases in the use of cash for other operating liabilities, and increases in net income principally adjusted for certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization, provision for losses on accounts receivable, changes in deferred tax asset, and share-based compensation expense, when compared to the corresponding period in 2024. Investing Activities Cash flows provided by investing activities consist primarily of proceeds from disposition of property and equipment. Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures relating to our new and existing pharmacy locations and payments related to acquisitions. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased by $1.8 million compared to the corresponding period in 2024. The increase was primarily due to increases in cash used for purchases of property and equipment of $3.2 million, offset by decreases in cash used for acquisitions of $1.3 million compared to the corresponding period in 2024. Financing Activities Cash flows provided by financing activities consist primarily of borrowings from the line of credit and sale of our Class A common stock. Cash flows used in financing activities consist primarily of repayment of borrowings from the Term Loan (recorded as repayment of notes payable) and the line of credit, and payment of equity offering costs associated with the IPO and Q2 2025 Offering. Prior to the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, cash flows used in financing activities included significant distributions to equity holders (inclusive of non-controlling interests) of Guardian Pharmacy, LLC, mostly consisting of distributions to fund income tax liabilities and operational distributions, as well as return of capital. 59 Table of Contents Net cash used in financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased by $16.6 million compared to the corresponding period in 2024. Cash flows used in financing activities were $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily due to $4.5 million in payments for finance lease obligations, $1.6 million of payments for equity offering costs, and $2.5 million in payments for contingent payments associated with acquisitions, offset by $2.0 million in contributions from non-controlling interests. Cash flows used in financing activities were $23.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to Merger Consideration payment to holders of Class B common stock of $55.2 million in connection with the Corporate Reorganization and IPO, distributions to equity holders (inclusive of non-controlling interest) of $50.2 million, $23.0 million of net payments made on notes payable, $9.0 million of net payments made on the line of credit, and $4.2 million of payments of equity offering costs, offset by net proceeds received from the IPO of $119.8 million. Critical Accounting Estimates We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Preparing our consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses as well as related disclosures. Because these estimates and judgments may change from period to period, actual results could differ materially, which may negatively affect our financial condition or results of operations. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and various other assumptions that we consider reasonable, and we evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We refer to such estimates and judgments, discussed further below, as critical accounting estimates. Allowance for Credit Losses Collection of trade accounts receivable from customers is our primary source of operating cash flow and is critical to our operating performance and financial condition. The primary collection risk relates to facility and private pay customers, as billings to these customers can be complex and may lead to payment disputes or delays. We establish an allowance for trade accounts receivable considered to be at increased risk of becoming uncollectible to reduce the carrying value of such receivables to their estimated net realizable value. When establishing this allowance for credit losses, we consider such factors as historical collection experience (i.e., payment history and credit losses) and creditworthiness, specifically identified credit risks, aging of accounts receivable, current and expected economic conditions, and other relevant factors. Using this information, the Company estimates future expected credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is regularly reviewed for appropriateness. Judgment is used to assess the collectability of account balances and the economic ability of customers to pay. At such time when a balance is definitively deemed to be uncollectible, the balance is written off against the allowance for credit losses. Intangible Assets We have intangible assets with finite useful lives as a result of acquisitions. Definite-lived intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized using the straight-line method over their useful lives. The straight-line method approximates the manner in which cash flows are generated from the intangible assets. Judgment is required in estimating the fair value of intangible assets and in assigning their respective useful lives. We generally utilize an income approach to calculate the fair value of the identified intangibles, namely the multi-period excess earnings method for customer lists and the relief from royalty method for trademarks. The fair value estimates are based on available historical information and on future expectations and assumptions deemed reasonable by management but are inherently uncertain. Critical estimates in valuing the intangible assets include, but are not limited to, forecasts of the expected future cash flows, 60 Table of Contents projected EBITDA and EBITDA margin attributable to the respective assets, anticipated growth in revenue from the acquired client and product base, and the expected use of the acquired assets. While we believe such assumptions and estimates are reasonable, the actual results may differ materially from the projected amounts. Income Taxes We account for income taxes under the asset and liability approach. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities as measured by the enacted tax rates as well as net operating losses and credit carryforwards, which will be in effect when these differences reverse. We provide a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets when, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We prepare and file tax returns based on interpretations of tax laws and regulations. Our tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities in the normal course of business. Such examinations may result in future tax, interest and penalty assessments by these taxing authorities. In determining our tax expense for financial reporting purposes, we establish a reserve when there are transactions, calculations, and tax filing positions for which the tax determination is uncertain, and it is more likely than not that such positions would not be sustained upon examinations. We evaluate the need for tax reserve estimates periodically based on the changes in facts and circumstances, including any examinations by, and settlements with, varying taxing authorities, as well as changes in tax laws, regulations and interpretations. The consolidated tax expense of any given year is expected to include adjustments or other changes to the reserve and related estimated interest charges that are considered appropriate. Our policy is to recognize, when applicable, interest and penalties on uncertain income tax positions as part of income tax expense. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Refer to Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for accounting pronouncements adopted and recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.