FIVE STAR BANCORP (FSBC)

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion presents management’s perspective on our results of operations and financial condition on a consolidated basis. However, because we conduct all of our material business operations through our bank subsidiary, Five Star Bank, the discussion and analysis relate to activities primarily conducted by the Bank.

Management’s discussion of the financial condition and results of operations, which is unaudited, should be read in conjunction with the related unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on February 27, 2026. Average balances, including balances used in calculating certain financial ratios, are generally comprised of average daily balances.

Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company,” or “Bancorp” refer to Five Star Bancorp and our consolidated subsidiary. All references to “the Bank” refer to Five Star Bank, our wholly owned subsidiary.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements represent plans, estimates, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, intentions, projections, and statements of our beliefs concerning future events, business plans, objectives, expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate, or imply future results, performance, or achievements, and are typically identified with words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “aim,” “intend,” “plan,” or words or phases of similar meaning. To the extent that this discussion describes prior performance, the descriptions relate only to the periods listed, which may not be indicative of our future financial outcomes. We caution that the forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on factors which are, in many instances, beyond our control. Such forward-looking statements are based on various assumptions (some of which may be beyond our control) and are subject to risks and uncertainties, which change over time, and other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

•risks related to the concentration of our business in California, and specifically within Northern California, including risks associated with any downturn in the real estate sector;

•changes in market interest rates that affect the pricing of our loans and deposits, our net interest income, and our borrowers’ ability to repay loans;

•changes in the U.S. economy, including an economic slowdown, recession, inflation, deflation, tariffs, housing prices, employment levels, rate of growth, and general business conditions;

•uncertain market conditions and economic trends nationally, regionally, and particularly in Northern California and California;

•the soundness of other financial institutions and the impacts related to or resulting from bank failures and other economic and industry volatility, including increased regulatory requirements and costs and potential impacts to macroeconomic conditions;

•the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities, and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators;

•the effects of increased competition from a wide variety of local, regional, national, and other providers of financial and investment services;

•the risks associated with our loan portfolios, and specifically with our commercial real estate loans;

•our ability to maintain adequate liquidity and to maintain capital necessary to fund our growth strategy and operations and to satisfy minimum regulatory capital levels;

•risks related to our strategic focus on lending to small to medium-sized businesses;

•the sufficiency of the assumptions and estimates we make in establishing reserves for potential credit losses and the value of loan collateral and securities;

•our level of nonperforming assets and the costs associated with resolving problem loans, if any;

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•our ability to comply with various governmental and regulatory requirements applicable to financial institutions, including supervisory actions by federal and state banking agencies;

•governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the policies of the Federal Reserve;

•risks associated with unauthorized access, cybersecurity breaches, cyber-crime, and other threats and disruptions to data security;

•our ability to implement, maintain, and improve effective risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures, and internal controls over financial reporting;

•our ability to adopt and successfully integrate new initiatives or technologies into our business in a strategic manner;

•our ability to attract and retain executive officers and key employees and their customer and community relationships;

•the impact of any future U.S. federal government shutdown and uncertainty regarding the U.S. federal government’s debt limit and credit rating;

•the occurrence or impact of climate change or natural or man-made disasters or calamities, such as wildfires, droughts, mudslides, floods, and earthquakes, and particularly in California, and specifically Northern California;

•changes in and impact of local, regional, and global business, economic, and political conditions and geopolitical events, such as pandemics, civil unrest, wars, and acts of terrorism; and

•other factors that are discussed in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

The foregoing factors could cause results or performance to materially differ from those expressed in our forward-looking statements, should not be considered exhaustive, and should be read together with other cautionary statements that are included in this report and those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and other filings we may make with the SEC, copies of which are available from us at no charge. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict their occurrence or how they will affect us. If one or more of the factors affecting our forward-looking information and statements proves incorrect, then our actual results, performance, or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking information and statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, we caution you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking information and statements. We disclaim any duty to revise or update the forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking statements, except as specifically required by law.

Company Overview

Headquartered in the greater Sacramento metropolitan area of California, Five Star Bancorp is a bank holding company that operates through its wholly owned subsidiary, Five Star Bank, a California state-chartered non-member bank. We provide a broad range of banking products and services to small and medium-sized businesses, professionals, and individuals primarily in Northern California through nine branch offices. Our mission is to strive to become the top business bank in all markets we serve through exceptional service, deep connectivity, and customer empathy. We are dedicated to serving real estate, agricultural, faith-based, and small to medium-sized enterprises. We aim to consistently deliver value that meets or exceeds the expectations of our shareholders, customers, employees, business partners, and community. We refer to our mission as “purpose-driven and integrity-centered banking.” At March 31, 2026, we had total assets of $5.0 billion, total loans held for investment of $4.2 billion, and total deposits of $4.5 billion.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all footnotes as would be necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP as contained within the FASB’s ASC and the rules and regulations of the SEC, including the instructions to Regulation S-X. However, these interim unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments and accruals) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with, and should be read in conjunction with, the audited consolidated financial statements as filed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the notes thereto.

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Our most significant accounting policies and our critical accounting estimates are described in greater detail in Note 1, Basis of Presentation, in our audited consolidated financial statements and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Estimates included in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have identified accounting policies and estimates that, due to the difficult, subjective, or complex judgments and assumptions inherent in those policies and estimates and the potential sensitivity of our unaudited consolidated financial statements to those judgments and assumptions, are critical to an understanding of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. We believe that the judgments, estimates, and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements are reasonable and appropriate, based on the information available at the time they were made. However, actual results may differ from those estimates, and these differences may be material. With the exception of the changes to the allowance for credit losses described below, there have been no significant changes concerning our critical accounting estimates as described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Pursuant to the JOBS Act, as an emerging growth company, we can elect to opt out of the extended transition period for adopting any new or revised accounting standards. We have elected not to opt out of the extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and private companies, we may adopt the standard on the application date for private companies. However, we may early adopt certain accounting standards, as the JOBS Act does not preclude an emerging growth company from adopting a new or revised accounting standard earlier than the time that such standard applies to private companies to the extent early adoption is permitted.

We have elected to take advantage of the scaled disclosures and other relief under the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us under th

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis presents management’s perspective on our financial condition and results of operations on a consolidated basis. However, because we conduct all of our material business operations through our bank subsidiary, Five Star Bank, the discussion and analysis relate to activities primarily conducted by the Bank. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes presented elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Average balances, including balances used in calculating certain financial ratios, are generally comprised of average daily balances.

To the extent that this discussion describes prior performance, the descriptions relate only to the periods listed, which may not be indicative of our future financial outcomes. In addition to containing historical information, this discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors.” We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by law.

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Set forth below is a comparison of the results of operations and changes in financial condition for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. For a discussion of our financial results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, see the section entitled “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Company Overview

Headquartered in the greater Sacramento metropolitan area of California, Five Star Bancorp (“Bancorp” or the “Company”) is a bank holding company that operates through its wholly owned subsidiary, Five Star Bank, a California state-chartered non-member bank. We provide a broad range of banking products and services to small and medium-sized businesses, professionals, and individuals primarily in Northern California through nine branch offices. Our mission is to strive to become the top business bank in all markets we serve through exceptional service, deep connectivity, and customer empathy. We are dedicated to serving real estate, agricultural, faith-based, and small to medium-sized enterprises. We aim to consistently deliver value that meets or exceeds the expectations of our shareholders, customers, employees, business partners, and community. We refer to our mission as “purpose-driven and integrity-centered banking.” At December 31, 2025, we had total assets of $4.8 billion, total loans held for investment of $4.1 billion, and total deposits of $4.2 billion.

Key Factors Affecting our Business

Interest Rates

Net interest income is the most significant contributor to our net income and is the difference between the interest and fees earned on interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is primarily a function of the average balances and yields of these interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. These factors are influenced by internal considerations such as product mix and risk appetite as well as external influences such as economic conditions, competition for loans and deposits, and market interest rates.

The cost of our deposits and short-term borrowings is primarily based on short-term interest rates, which are largely driven by the Federal Reserve’s actions and market competition. The yields generated by our loans and securities are typically affected by short-term and long-term interest rates, which are driven by market competition and market rates often impacted by the Federal Reserve’s actions. The level of net interest income is influenced by movements in such interest rates and the pace at which such movements occur.

Interest rates have risen significantly following the historically low levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to elevated levels of inflation and corresponding pressure to raise interest rates, the Federal Reserve announced in January 2022 that it would be slowing the pace of its bond purchasing and increasing the target range for the federal funds rate over time. The Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) then increased the target range eleven times throughout 2022 and 2023. During 2024 and 2025, the Federal Reserve decreased the federal funds rate three times each year. As of December 31, 2025, the target range for the federal funds rate had been decreased to 3.50% to 3.75%, and the FOMC projects one additional decrease in 2026, as part of a strategy to return inflation to normalized levels while keeping unemployment low.

We anticipate that interest rates may be lowered over the next few years. Based on our sensitivity analysis, a steepened yield curve could have a slight negative impact on our net interest income over the next year. Additionally, a continued flat yield curve would be expected to maintain our net interest income over the next year.

Factors Affecting Comparability of Financial Results

Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)

On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326, which replaced the former “incurred loss” model for recognizing credit losses with an “expected loss” model referred to as the CECL model. The CECL model applies to estimated credit losses on loans receivable, held-to-maturity debt securities, unfunded loan commitments, and certain other financial assets measured at amortized cost. Under ASC 326, available-for-sale debt securities are evaluated for impairment if fair value is less than amortized cost, with any estimated credit losses recorded through a credit loss expense and an allowance, rather than a write-down of the investment. Changes in fair value that are not credit-related continue to be recorded in other comprehensive income. Under the CECL model, the calculated allowance for credit losses was $5.3 million higher on January 1, 2023 than the allowance under the incurred loss model. For further information, please see Note 2, Recently

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Issued Accounting Standards, in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. We have identified certain policies and estimates as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our past or present consolidated financial condition and results of operations. These policies and estimates are considered critical because they have a material impact, or they have the potential to have a material impact, on our consolidated financial statements and because they require us to make significant judgments, assumptions, or estimates. We believe that the judgments, estimates, and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements are reasonable and appropriate, based on the information available at the time they were made. However, actual results may differ from those estimates, and these differences may be material.

Pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), as an emerging growth company, we can elect to opt out of the extended transition period for adopting any new or revised accounting standards. We have elected not to opt out of the extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and private companies, we may adopt the standard on the application date for private companies. However, we may early adopt certain accounting standards, as the JOBS Act does not preclude an emerging growth company from adopting a new or revised accounting standard earlier than the time that such standard applies to private companies to the extent early adoption is permitted.

We have elected to take advantage of the scaled disclosures and other relief under the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us under the JOBS Act, so long as we qualify as an emerging growth company.

ACL

The ACL represents the estimated probable credit losses in our loan and investment portfolios and is estimated as of December 31, 2025 using CECL. The ACL is established through a provision for credit losses charged to operations. Loans and investments are charged against the ACL when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries of previously charged-off amounts, if any, are credited to the ACL.

The ACL is evaluated on a regular basis by management in consideration of optimistic, moderate, and pessimistic current conditions, and is based on management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, prevailing economic conditions specifically impacting each loan type by purpose and by geography, and concentrations within the loan portfolio. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

A significant amount of the ACL is measured on a collective (pool) basis by loan and investment security type when similar risk characteristics exist. Pools are determined based primarily on regulatory reporting codes as the loans and investment securities within each pool share similar risk characteristics and there is sufficient historical peer loss data from the FFIEC to provide statistically meaningful support in the models developed. Reserves for credit losses identified on a pooled basis are then adjusted for qualitative factors to reflect current conditions. The most significant components of qualitative factors used to estimate the allowance for credit losses are adjustments relating to prevailing economic conditions, concentrations within the loan portfolio, and external factors. These qualitative factors are subject to significant judgment and carry a higher degree of uncertainty. The prevailing economic conditions factor is estimated based on a range of potential economic conditions and is applied at both the portfolio and individual concentration level based on various factors. This estimate is subject to significant judgment and could potentially add $3.2 million based on existing loan balances to the allowance for credit losses while using severely adverse economic conditions in the estimate. The concentrations within the loan portfolio factor is estimated based on concentrations at the loan pool level. This estimate is subject to significant judgment and could potentially add $12.0 million based on existing loan balances to the allowance for credit losses while using a severely adverse market outlook for the specifically identified concentrations. The external factor is estimated based on current external factors, such as environmental factors, which could impact the loan portfolio. This estimate is subject to significant judgment and could potentially add $9.5 million based on existing loan balances to the allowance for credit losses while using severely adverse external factors in the estimate. Other qualitative factors within

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the ACL relate to items which carry a lower degree of judgment using internally generated data. These factors include, but are not limited to, policy exception rates, volume of loan growth, and results of internal and external audits.

Executive Summary

Our strategic focus is to continue to grow organically by leveraging our existing core competencies and positioning our business for success in the evolving banking landscape. In leveraging our core competencies, we intend to:

•continue our organic growth in our market through our “purpose-driven and integrity-centered” approach to banking;

•continue to focus on and expand our operations in our unique lines of business throughout our geographic service areas;

•build upon the strength of our brand to deepen and broaden client relationships and grow our deposit base;

•attract additional banking professionals with track records of driving revenue growth;

•maintain our disciplined credit underwriting and robust risk management;

•enhance our disciplined cost management culture;

•leverage our technology platforms to improve our efficiency; and

•further engage in the economic development of our communities and market areas.

Highlights of the financial results are presented in the following tables:

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1Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. See the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets is defined as total equity less goodwill and other intangible assets, divided by total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is total shareholders’ equity to total assets. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets at the end of any period indicated. As a result, tangible shareholders’ equity to tangible assets is the same as total shareholders’ equity to total assets at the end of each of the periods indicated.

2Tangible book value per share is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. See the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Tangible book value per share is defined as total shareholders’ equity less goodwill and other intangible assets, divided by the outstanding number of common shares at the end of the period. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is book value per share. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets at the end of any period indicated. As a result, tangible book value per share is the same as book value per share at the end of each of the periods indicated.

3Cash dividend payout ratio on common stock is calculated as dividends on common shares divided by basic earnings per common share.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our results of operations compares the year ended December 31, 2025 to the year ended December 31, 2024.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the most significant contributor to our net income. Net interest income represents interest income from interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, less interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits, subordinated notes, and other borrowings, which are used to fund those assets. In evaluating our net interest income, we measure and monitor yields/rates on our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities as well as trends in our net interest margin. Net interest margin is a ratio calculated as net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets for the same period. We manage our earning assets and funding sources in order to maximize this margin while limiting credit risk and interest rate sensitivity to our established risk appetite levels. Changes in market interest rates and competition in our market typically have the largest impact on periodic changes in our net interest margin.

Net interest income increased by $32.2 million, or 26.89%, for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, while our net interest margin increased 23 basis points during the same period. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to an increase in interest income driven by higher average balances and yields on loans, partially offset by an increase in interest expense due to higher average balances of deposits. Additional detail relating to net interest margin in each period is provided below.

Average balance sheet, interest, and yield/rate analysis. Table 3 presents average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yield earned or rate paid for each period reported. The average balances are daily averages and include both performing and nonperforming loans.

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1Interest income/expense is divided by the actual number of days in the period multiplied by the actual number of days in the year to correspond to stated interest rate terms, where applicable.

2Yields on available-for-sale securities are calculated based on fair value. Investment security interest is earned on a 30/360 day basis monthly. Yields are not calculated on a tax-equivalent basis.

3Non-accrual loans are included in total loan balances. No adjustment has been made for these loans in the yield calculations. Interest income on loans includes amortization of deferred loan fees, net of deferred loan costs. Allowance for credit losses is not included in total loan balances.

4Allowance for credit losses is included in interest receivable and other assets, net.

5Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets minus the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.

6Net interest margin is computed by calculating the difference between interest income and interest expense, divided by the average balance of interest-earning assets, then annualized based on the number of days in the given period.

Analysis of changes in interest income and expenses. Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average yields/rates. Table 4 shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned from our interest-earning assets and interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the current period’s average yield/rate. The effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average yield/rate by the previous period’s volume. Changes not solely attributable to volume or yields/rates have been allocated in proportion to the respective volume and yield/rate components.

Net interest income during the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $32.2 million, or 26.89%, to $151.9 million, as compared to $119.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. Net interest margin totaled 3.55% for the year ended December 31, 2025, an increase of 23 basis points compared to the prior year. The increase in net interest income is primarily attributable to an additional $35.9 million in loan interest income due to a $483.3 million, or 14.72% increase in the average balance of loans and a 19 basis point improvement in the average yield on loans as compared to the prior year. The increase in interest income was partially offset by an additional $10.0 million in deposit interest expense due to a $627.4 million, or 19.45% increase in the average balance of deposits during the year. The average cost of deposits was 2.40% for the year ended December 31, 2025, a decrease of 16 basis points compared to the prior year which helped to moderate the increase in interest expense related to deposits.

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Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses is based on management’s assessment of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses. Factors impacting the provision include inherent risk characteristics in our loan portfolio, the level of nonperforming loans and net charge-offs, both current and historic, local economic and credit conditions, the direction of the change in collateral values, and the funding probability on unfunded lending commitments. The provision for credit losses is charged against earnings in order to maintain our allowance for credit losses, which reflects management’s best estimate of forecasted life of credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio at the balance sheet date.

Beginning January 1, 2023, we adopted ASC 326, which replaced the former “incurred loss” model for recognizing credit losses with an “expected loss” model referred to as the CECL model. The CECL model calculates reserves over the life of a financial instrument and is largely driven by portfolio characteristics, economic outlook, and other key methodology assumptions. Under the CECL model, the calculated allowance for credit losses was $5.3 million higher on January 1, 2023 than the allowance under the incurred loss model.

We recorded a $9.7 million provision for credit losses in the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to a $7.0 million provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2024. The provision for credit losses increased $2.8 million, or 39.57%, primarily due to increases in loan growth and an overall increase in loss rates related to the annual CECL model refresh during the three months ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the prior year.

Non-interest Income

Non-interest income is a secondary contributor to our net income, following interest income. Non-interest income consists of service charges on deposit accounts, gain on sale of loans, loan-related fees, FHLB stock dividends, earnings on BOLI, and other income.

Table 5 details the components of non-interest income for the periods indicated.

Gain on sale of loans. The decrease related primarily to an overall decline in the volume of loans sold due to a strategic, intentional reduction in originations of loans held for sale during the second half of the year ended December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025, approximately $3.3 million of loans were sold with an effective yield of 7.41%, as compared to approximately $18.3 million of loans sold with an effective yield of 6.96% during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Loan-related fees. The increase was primarily a result of a $0.5 million increase in fees from swap referrals and a $0.2 million increase in income from credit card activity, partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in fees from SBA 7(a) loans.

Earnings on BOLI. The increase was primarily due to additional policies purchased between December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025.

Other income. The increase related primarily to an overall improvement in earnings related to equity investments in venture-backed funds during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Non-interest Expense

Non-interest expense includes salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, data processing and software, FDIC insurance, professional services, advertising and promotional, loan-related expenses, and other operating expenses. In evaluating our level of non-interest expense, we closely monitor the Company’s efficiency ratio, which is calculated as non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income. We constantly seek to identify ways to streamline our business and operate more efficiently in order to reduce our non-interest expense over time as a percentage of our revenue, while continuing to achieve growth in total loans and assets.

Over the past several years, we have continued to invest significant resources in personnel, technology, and infrastructure. As we execute initiatives based on growth, we expect non-interest expense to continue to grow. Non-interest expense has increased throughout the periods presented below; however, we expect our efficiency ratio will improve going forward due, in part, to our past investment in infrastructure.

Table 6 details the components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated.

Salaries and employee benefits. The increase was the result of: (i) a $6.5 million increase in salaries, benefits, and bonus expense, related to the 13.66% increase in employee headcount between December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025; and (ii) a $1.2 million increase in commissions expense due to higher loan production. The increase was partially offset by a $1.5 million increase in deferred loan origination costs due to higher loan production period-over-period.

Occupancy and equipment. The increase was primarily due to higher rent and property management expenses for the Walnut Creek and San Francisco branch offices period-over-period.

Data processing and software. The increase related to: (i) increased usage of our digital banking platform; (ii) higher transaction volumes related to the increased number of loan and deposit accounts; and (iii) an increased number of licenses required for new users on our loan origination and documentation system.

FDIC Insurance. The increase was primarily due to a $571.8 million increase in the assessment base period-over-period.

Professional services. The increase was due to: (i) $0.1 million in fees paid for compensation consulting services that did not occur during 2024; (ii) a $0.2 million increase in expenses related to business development consulting services; (iii) a $0.1 million increase in legal expenses; and (iv) a $0.1 million increase in recruiter fees related to the 13.66% increase in employee headcount between December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025.

Advertising and promotional. The increase was primarily due to an additional $0.2 million in donations and $0.2 million related to sponsored events and partnerships, combined with $0.4 million of additional expenses incurred to support the expansion of the Bank’s business development teams, specifically related to client and prospective client development expenses.

Loan-related expenses. The increase was due to an increase of $0.1 million in inspection fees and an increase of $0.1 million in loan-related legal expenses, both due to loan growth between December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025.

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Other operating expenses. The increase was due to: (i) a $0.4 million increase in employee-related expenses, such as travel, conferences, training, and professional association memberships; (ii) a $0.2 million increase in armored car and courier expenses; (iii) a $0.2 million increase in administrative charges, including subscription services and bank charges; (iv) a $0.1 million increase in IntraFi Network fees resulting from an overall increase in balances carried in the network; (v) a $0.1 million increase in office expenses, such as check printing and supplies; and (vi) a $0.1 million increase in regulatory assessment fees.

Provision for Income Taxes

On July 4, 2025, the President signed H.R. 1, the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” into law. The legislation includes several changes to federal tax law that generally allow for more favorable deductibility of certain business expenses beginning in 2025, including the restoration of immediate expensing of domestic R&D expenditures, reinstatement of 100% bonus depreciation, and more favorable rules for determining the limitation on business interest expense. The Act also made certain changes to the deductibility of the cost of meals and charitable contributions that are effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2025. These changes were not reflected in the income tax provision for the period ended December 31, 2025. The Company evaluated the impact on future periods and the legislation is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Provision for income taxes increased by $3.1 million, or 16.15%, to $22.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $19.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. This increase is primarily due to a 29.37% increase in pre-tax income recognized during the year ended December 31, 2025. This was partially offset by: (i) a $0.9 million benefit recorded during the quarter ended December 31, 2025 related to the purchase of transferable federal tax credits; and (ii) a net $0.2 million reduction to the provision recorded during the quarter ended June 30, 2025. This adjustment related to a tax law change for the state of California effective as of June 30, 2025, which requires a transition from a three-factor apportionment formula to a single-sales-factor formula for determining state income tax. As such, the Company recorded a net benefit of approximately $0.9 million relating to the current year provision, which was partially offset by a $0.7 million expense relating to the remeasuring of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2025. The effective tax rate was 26.42% and 29.43% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

FINANCIAL CONDITION SUMMARY

The following discussion compares our financial condition as of December 31, 2025 to our financial condition as of December 31, 2024. Table 7 summarizes selected components of our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Total Assets

At December 31, 2025, total assets were $4.8 billion, an increase of $701.6 million from $4.1 billion at December 31, 2024, primarily due to a $542.2 million increase in total loans held for investment and a $154.5 million increase in cash and cash equivalents.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Total cash and cash equivalents were $506.9 million at December 31, 2025, an increase of $154.5 million from $352.3 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily due to the net increase in

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cash inflows from growth in total deposits of $643.1 million and cash outflows from growth in total loans held for investment of $542.2 million.

Investment Portfolio

Our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, and obligations of states and political subdivisions, which are high-quality liquid investments. We manage our investment portfolio according to written investment policies approved by our board of directors. Our investment strategy is designed to maximize earnings while maintaining liquidity in securities with minimal credit risk and interest rate risk that is reflective of the yields obtained on those securities. Most of our securities are classified as available-for-sale, although we have one long-term, fixed rate municipal security classified as held-to-maturity.

Our total securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity amounted to $96.9 million at December 31, 2025 and $100.9 million at December 31, 2024, a decrease of $4.0 million year-over-year. The decrease was primarily due to maturities, prepayments, and calls of $9.3 million, partially offset by a purchase of a $1.0 million security and an unrealized gain on securities of $5.1 million, with the remainder of the change due to amortization of premiums. For the year ended December 31, 2025, other comprehensive gain was $3.2 million, primarily due to rate changes and other market conditions on securities during the period.

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Table 8 presents the carrying value of our securities by their stated maturities, as well as the weighted average yields for each maturity range, as of the dates shown.

Weighted average yield for securities available-for-sale is the projected yield to maturity given current cash flow projections for U.S. government agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, and collateralized mortgage obligations. For callable municipal securities and corporate bonds, weighted average yield is a yield to worst. Weighted average yield for securities held-to-maturity is the stated coupon of the bond. Yields on tax-exempt securities are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.

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Loan Portfolio

Our loan portfolio is our largest class of interest-earning assets and typically provides higher yields than other types of interest-earning assets. Associated with the higher yields is an inherent amount of credit risk, which we attempt to mitigate with strong underwriting standards. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, our total loans amounted to $4.1 billion and $3.5 billion, respectively. Table 9 presents the balance and associated percentage of each major product type within our portfolio as of the dates indicated.

Commercial real estate loans consist of term loans secured by a mortgage lien on the real property, such as office and industrial buildings, manufactured home communities, self-storage facilities, hospitality properties, faith-based properties, retail shopping centers, and apartment buildings, as well as commercial real estate construction loans that are offered to builders and developers.

Commercial land and development and commercial construction loans consist of loans made to fund commercial land acquisition and development and commercial construction, respectively. The real estate purchased with these loans is generally located in or near our market.

Residential real estate and construction real estate loans consist of loans secured by single-family and multifamily residential properties, which are both owner-occupied and investor-owned.

Farmland loans consist of loans used to purchase, refinance, or improve farmland secured by farming properties themselves. The farmland is generally located in or near our market.

Commercial loans consist of financing for commercial purposes in various lines of business, including manufacturing, service industry, and professional service areas. Commercial loans can be secured or unsecured but are generally secured with the assets of the company and/or the personal guaranty of the business owner(s).

Consumer and other loans consist primarily of loans purchased in a loan purchase program with a non-bank lender, generally made to professionals for the purpose of large personal or household purchases. The loans are unsecured, fixed

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rate loans. Consumer and other loans also include loans purchased or originated through financing partnerships which are no longer active.

Table 10 presents the commercial real estate loan balance, associated percentage of commercial real estate concentrations, estimated real estate collateral values, and related loan-to-value (“LTV”) ranges by collateral type as of the dates indicated. Revolving lines of credit with zero balance and 0.00% LTV are excluded from this table. Collateral values are determined at origination using third-party real estate appraisals or evaluations. Updated appraisals, which are included in the table below, may be obtained for loans that are downgraded to watch or substandard. Loans over $2.0 million are reviewed annually, at which time an internal assessment of collateral values is completed.

1Types of collateral in the “all other types” category are those that individually make up less than 5.00% of the commercial real estate concentration.

2Minimum LTV and maximum LTV not shown for aggregated totals, as such values are meaningful only when presented by specific category.

Over the past several years, we have experienced significant growth in our loan portfolio, although the relative composition of the portfolio has not changed materially. Our primary focus remains commercial real estate lending (including commercial, commercial land and development, and commercial construction), which constitutes 83.49% of loans held for investment at December 31, 2025. Commercial secured lending represents 6.17% of loans held for investment at December 31, 2025. We sell the guaranteed portion of all SBA 7(a) loans in the secondary market and will continue to do so as long as market conditions continue to be favorable.

We recognize that our commercial real estate loan concentration is significant within our balance sheet. Commercial real estate loan balances as a percentage of risk-based capital were 594.17% and 571.91% as of December 31, 2025 and

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December 31, 2024, respectively. We have established internal concentration limits in the loan portfolio for commercial real estate loans by sector (e.g., manufactured home communities, self-storage, hospitality, etc.). All loan sectors were within our established limits as of December 31, 2025. Additionally, our loans are geographically concentrated with borrowers and collateralized properties primarily in California.

We believe that our past success is attributable to focusing on products and markets where we have significant expertise. Given our concentrations, we have established strong risk management practices, including risk-based lending standards, self-established product and geographical limits, annual evaluations of income property loans, and semi-annual top-down and bottom-up stress testing. We expect to continue growing our loan portfolio. We do not expect our product or geographic concentrations to materially change.

Table 11 sets forth the contractual maturities and sensitivity to interest rate changes of our loan portfolio as of the dates shown.

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Asset Quality

We manage the quality of our loans based upon trends at the overall loan portfolio level, as well as within each product type. We measure and monitor key factors that include the level and trend of classified, delinquent, non-accrual, and nonperforming assets, collateral coverage, credit scores, and debt service coverage, where applicable. These metrics directly impact our evaluation of the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses.

Our primary objective is to maintain a high level of asset quality in our loan portfolio. We believe our underwriting policies and practices, executed by experienced professionals, appropriately govern the risk profile for our loan portfolio. These policies are continually evaluated and updated as necessary. All loans are assessed and assigned a risk classification at origination based on underlying characteristics of the transaction, such as collateral cash flow, collateral coverage, and borrower strength. We believe that we have a comprehensive methodology to proactively monitor our credit quality after the origination process. Particular emphasis is placed on our commercial portfolio, where risk assessments are reevaluated as a result of reviewing commercial property operating statements and borrower financials. On an ongoing basis, we also monitor payment performance, delinquencies, and tax and property insurance compliance. We design our practices to facilitate the early detection and remediation of problems within our loan portfolio. Assigned risk classifications are an integral part of management’s assessment of the adequacy of our ACL. We periodically employ the use of an independent consulting firm to evaluate our underwriting and risk assessment process. Like other financial institutions, we are subject to the risk that our loan portfolio will be exposed to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions and rising interest rates.

Nonperforming Assets

Our nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and foreclosed real estate, if any. Nonperforming loans consist of non-accrual loans and loans contractually past due by 90 days or more and still accruing. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as non-accrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is discontinued either when reasonable doubt exists as to the full and timely collection of interest or principal or when a loan becomes contractually past due by 90 days or more with respect to interest or principal. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, all interest previously accrued, but not collected, is reversed against current period interest income. Income on such loans is then recognized only to the extent that cash is received and where the future collection of principal is probable. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

SBA Loans

During 2025, the Company sold 10 SBA 7(a) loans with government-guaranteed portions totaling approximately $3.3 million. The decrease in sales from prior years is due to a strategic, intentional reduction in originations of loans held for sale. The Company received gross proceeds of $3.5 million on the loans sold in 2025, resulting in a net gain on sale of $0.2 million.

During 2024, the Company sold 56 SBA 7(a) loans with government-guaranteed portions totaling approximately $18.3 million. The Company received gross proceeds of $19.6 million on the loans sold in 2024, resulting in a net gain on sale of $1.3 million.

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Non-accrual Loans

Table 12 provides details of our nonperforming and restructured assets and certain other related information as of the dates presented:

The ratio of nonperforming loans to loans held for investment was 0.08% at December 31, 2025, increasing from 0.05% as of December 31, 2024. The ratio of non-accrual loans to loans held for investment was also 0.08% at December 31, 2025, increasing from 0.05% as of December 31, 2024.

The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to period end nonperforming loans decreased from 2,101.78% as of December 31, 2024 to 1,434.40% as of December 31, 2025. This decrease was due to a 72.19% increase in nonperforming loans year-over-year, partially offset by a 17.51% increase in the allowance for credit losses year-over-year. The increase in nonperforming loans resulted mainly from the occurrence of two separate faith-based real estate loans entering nonperforming status.

Potential Problem Loans

We utilize a risk grading system for our loans to aid us in evaluating the overall credit quality of our real estate loan portfolio and assessing the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses. All loans are grouped into a risk category at the time of origination. Commercial real estate loans over $2.0 million are reevaluated at least annually for proper classification in conjunction with our review of property and borrower financial information. All loans are reevaluated for proper risk grading as new information such as payment patterns, collateral condition, and other relevant information comes to our attention.

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Loans designated as “watch” are internal bank designations and are not considered adversely classified. However, loans designated as “substandard” or “doubtful” are considered adversely classified. Table 13 shows loans by credit quality risk rating as of the periods indicated.

Loans designated as watch decreased from $123.4 million to $101.9 million between December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025. Consequently, loans designated as substandard increased from $2.6 million to $22.3 million between December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025, primarily attributable to the downgrade of one borrower experiencing financial difficulty with a special purpose commercial real estate loan and a commercial line of credit. There were no loans with doubtful risk grades at December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is established through a provision for credit losses charged to operations. Provisions are charged against the allowance for credit losses when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries of previously charged-off amounts, if any, are credited to the allowance for credit losses.

The allowance for credit losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based on management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. Historical loss rates within the commercial secured pool are also evaluated by

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management on a regular basis to estimate the allowance for credit losses. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

At December 31, 2025, the Company’s allowance for credit losses was $44.4 million compared to $37.8 million at December 31, 2024. The $6.6 million increase in the allowance is due to a $9.8 million provision for credit losses, partially offset by net charge-offs of $3.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2025, mainly attributable to commercial and industrial loans, during the same period.

While the entire allowance for credit losses is available to absorb losses from any and all loans, Table 14 represents management’s allocation of our allowance for credit losses by loan category, the allocation of our allowance for credit losses as a percent of the total allowance for credit losses, and the balance of loans in each category as a percentage of total loans, for the periods indicated.

The ratio of allowance for credit losses to total loans held for investment was 1.09% at December 31, 2025, as compared to 1.07% at December 31, 2024.

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Table 15 provides information on the activity within the allowance for credit losses as of and for the periods indicated.

The allowance for credit losses to loans held for investment increased from 1.07% as of December 31, 2024 to 1.09% as of December 31, 2025. Net charge-offs as a percent of average loans held for investment decreased from 0.12% to 0.08% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Liabilities

During 2025, total liabilities increased by $652.4 million from $3.7 billion at December 31, 2024 to $4.3 billion at December 31, 2025. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in deposits of $643.1 million. The $643.1 million increase in deposits was largely due to increases in money market, non-interest-bearing demand, interest-bearing transaction, and savings deposits of $553.3 million, $161.9 million, $29.0 million, and $14.5 million, respectively. These increases were partially offset by decreases in time deposits of $115.5 million, largely driven by a $95.0 million decrease in wholesale deposits.

Deposits

Representing 97.49% of our total liabilities as of December 31, 2025, deposits are our primary source of funding for our business operations.

Total deposits increased by $643.1 million, or 18.07%, to $4.2 billion at December 31, 2025 from $3.6 billion as of December 31, 2024. Deposit increases were primarily attributable to an increase in the number of new relationships, as well as normal fluctuations in our existing accounts. Non-interest-bearing deposits increased by $161.9 million in 2025 to $1.1 billion, and represented 25.82% of total deposits at December 31, 2025, compared to 25.93% of total deposits at December 31, 2024. Our loan to deposit ratio was 97.00% at December 31, 2025, compared to 99.38% at December 31,

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2024. We closely monitor the loan to deposit ratio for purposes of both operational objectives and regulatory capital compliance. We intend to continue to operate our business with close monitoring of the loan to deposit ratio.

Table 16 summarizes our deposit composition by average deposits and average rates paid for the periods indicated.

Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits totaled $1.4 billion and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

As of December 31, 2025, our 53 largest deposit relationships, each accounting for more than $10.0 million, totaled $2.0 billion, or 47.82% of our total deposits. The average age on deposit relationships of more than $5.0 million was approximately 7.67 years. As of December 31, 2024, our 49 largest deposit relationships, each accounting for more than $10.0 million, totaled $1.8 billion, or 50.35% of our total deposits. Overall, our large deposit relationships have been relatively consistent over time and have helped to continue to grow our deposit base. Table 17 shows the entity types making up our large deposit relationships at the dates indicated.

Our largest single deposit relationship at December 31, 2025 related to a government agency. The balance for this customer was $290.0 million, or approximately 6.90% of total deposits as of December 31, 2025. At December 31, 2024, our largest single deposit relationship related to brokered deposits and had a balance of $300.0 million, or 8.43% of total deposits as of December 31, 2024. As our demand deposits fluctuate, we have purchased brokered deposits as needed to supplement liquidity. We do not consider brokered deposits as core deposits, but as another deposit funding source for our loan growth.

Table 18 sets forth the maturity of time deposits as of December 31, 2025.