FLAGSTAR BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (FLG)

CIK: 0000910073. SIC: 6036 Savings Institutions, Not Federally Chartered. Latest 10-K as of: 2026-02-27.

SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Depository Institutions > SIC 6036 Savings Institutions, Not Federally Chartered

SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=910073. Latest filing source: 0000910073-26-000025.

Selected Fundamentals

Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-27. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000910073.json. Derived margins are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

Flow metrics use full-year FY periods from 10-K/10-K/A filings; balance-sheet metrics use FY-end instants. Missing metrics are omitted rather than fabricated.

Financial Charts

Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-07. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000910073.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

Quarterly Charts

Macro Cross-References

• CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
• UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
• FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
• CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
• DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
• DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
• DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
• DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
• T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
• CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
• CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
• CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
• CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
• PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
• PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
• PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
• T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
• U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
• PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
• CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
• EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
• UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
• CE16OV - Employment Level
• ICSA - Initial Claims
• JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
• JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
• GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
• A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
• INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
• TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
• HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
• PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
• RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
• PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
• PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
• M2SL - M2
• BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
• MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
• HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
• RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
• TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
• RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
• TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
• GDP - Gross Domestic Product
• GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
• GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
• PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
• GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
• GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
• FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
• FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
• FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
• MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
• USCONS - All Employees, Construction
• USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
• USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
• USGOVT - All Employees, Government
• AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
• DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
• NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
• BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
• EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
• IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
• IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
• PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand

Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: 0000910073-26-000047.

Extracted between Part I Item 2 and the next Item 3/4 or Part II heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-05-07. Report date: 2026-03-31.

ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GENERAL

Background

Flagstar Bank, National Association, is a national banking association headquartered in Hicksville, New York. At March 31, 2026, we had $87.1 billion of assets, $60.7 billion of loans, $66.8 billion of deposits, and total stockholders’ equity of $8.1 billion.

We operate approximately 340 locations across nine states, with strong footholds in the greater New York/New Jersey metropolitan region and in the upper Midwest, along with a significant presence in fast-growing markets in Florida and the West Coast. In addition, the Bank has approximately 20 private bank branches located primarily in the metropolitan New York City region and on the West Coast, which serve the needs of high-net worth individuals and their businesses.

We operate in a single reportable segment and have identified one reporting unit which is the same as our operating segment. We continue to assess our reportable segments and reporting units, which may result in a change to either or both in future reporting periods. Please refer to Note 18 - Segment Reporting.

Overview

As part of our commitment to delivering long-term shareholder value and sustained value creation, we are executing a strategic transformation plan designed to evolve into a fully diversified bank with a strong balance sheet, a robust capital position, and consistent earnings power.

Our plan is anchored in enterprise strategic priorities that drive our approach to transformation and growth. These priorities focus on transforming Flagstar into a top-tier, relationship-driven regional bank, creating a customer-centric culture that prioritizes valuable relationships, and building an effective risk management mindset that supports safe and sound operations. From these priorities, we have established key strategies that guide execution: driving transformation and financial resilience, growing our core operations, executing a disciplined commercial banking and lending strategy, enhancing operational efficiency, developing talent and leadership, and aligning regulatory and risk management.

Since initiating this plan in 2024, we have made measurable progress, including making key leadership additions, diversifying our balance sheet and revenue streams, reducing non-core assets, improving our funding mix, enhancing our financial resilience, and improving our liquidity. We believe that the continued successful execution of this plan will drive sustainable earnings and position us to deliver long-term value to shareholders.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Income (loss)

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, we reported net income of $21 million compared to net income of $29 million for the three months ended December 31, 2025 and a net loss of $100 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net income attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $13 million, or $0.03 per diluted share compared to net income attributable to common stockholders of $21 million, or $0.05 per diluted share for the three months ended December 31, 2025 and a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $108 million, or $0.26 per diluted share for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is a function of the amount of interest-earning assets we hold, the manner in which we fund these assets, including interest-bearing liabilities, and the spread between the interest rates we earn on assets and the interest rates we pay on liabilities. These factors are influenced by both the pricing and mix of our interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by various external factors, including the local economy, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the FOMC, and market interest rates.

Our interest-bearing liabilities are comprised of customer deposits and funds we borrow. The cost of our deposits and most of our borrowed funds is largely based on short-term rates of interest, the level of which is partially impacted by the actions of the FOMC. The yields on our held for investment loans and investment securities are generally more sensitive to intermediate-term market interest rates. However, a significant portion of our held for investment loans have fixed rates and generally reset to intermediate-term market rates when they reach repricing dates.

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The following table sets forth certain information regarding our NII and average balance sheet for the periods indicated. Average yields are calculated by dividing the interest income produced by the average balance of interest-earning assets. Average costs are calculated by dividing the interest expense produced by the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. The average balances for the periods are derived from average balances that are calculated daily.

Three Months Ended,

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

(in millions)

Average Balance

Interest

Average Yield/Cost

Average Balance

Interest

Average Yield/Cost

Average Balance

Interest

Average Yield/Cost

ASSETS:

Interest-earning assets:

Total loans and leases (1)

$

60,840 

$

754 

4.97 

%

$

61,797 

$

791 

5.09 

%

$

68,212 

$

860 

5.06 

%

Securities (2)

16,840 

179 

4.25 

%

17,314 

192 

4.44 

%

13,067 

148 

4.59 

%

Interest-earning cash and cash equivalents

5,631 

51 

3.64 

%

7,501 

75 

3.95 

%

14,344 

156 

4.42 

%

Total interest-earning assets

$

83,311 

$

984 

4.79 

%

$

86,612 

$

1,058 

4.85 

%

$

95,623 

$

1,164 

4.90 

%

Non-interest-earning assets

3,746 

3,772 

3,484 

Total assets

$

87,057 

$

90,384 

$

99,107 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:

Interest-bearing deposits:

Interest-bearing checking and money market accounts

$

18,703 

$

114 

2.49 

%

$

19,260 

$

132 

2.73 

%

$

21,023 

$

167 

3.23 

%

Savings accounts

14,905 

101 

2.74 

%

14,802 

108 

2.89 

%

14,349 

111 

3.14 

%

Certificates of deposit

20,565 

203 

4.00 

%

21,575 

228 

4.19 

%

26,355 

308 

4.74 

%

Total interest-bearing deposits

$

54,173 

$

418 

3.13 

%

$

55,637 

$

468 

3.34 

%

$

61,727 

$

586 

3.85 

%

Total borrowed funds

$

11,401 

$

123 

4.38 

%

$

12,830 

$

123 

3.79 

%

$

14,377 

$

168 

4.71 

%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

$

65,574 

$

541 

3.35 

%

$

68,467 

$

591 

3.42 

%

$

76,104 

$

754 

4.02 

%

Non-interest-bearing deposits

11,955 

12,326 

13,068 

Other liabilities

1,330 

1,417 

1,732 

Total liabilities

$

78,859 

$

82,210 

$

90,904 

Stockholders’ and mezzanine equity

8,198 

8,174 

8,203 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

87,057 

$

90,384 

$

99,107 

Net interest income/interest rate spread

$

443 

1.44 

%

$

467 

1.43 

%

$

410 

0.88 

%

Net interest margin

2.15 

%

2.14 

%

1.74 

%

Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities

1.27 

x

1.27 

x

1.26 

x

(1)Comprised of Loans and leases held for investment, net of deferred loan fess and costs, and Loans held for sale.

(2)Comprised of Debt securities available-for-sale at amortized cost, Equity investments with readily determinable fair values, at fair value and FHLB stock and FRB-NY stock, at cost.

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Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the change in NII attributable to changes in rate and volume:

Three Months Ended,

March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025

Increase/(Decrease) Due to:

March 31, 2026 compared to March 31, 2025

Increase/(Decrease) Due to:

(in millions)

Volume

Rate

Net

Volume

Rate

Net

INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS:

Total loans and leases

$

(12)

$

(25)

$

(37)

$

(92)

$

(14)

$

(106)

Securities

(5)

(8)

(13)

40 

(9)

31 

Interest earning cash & cash equivalent

(17)

(7)

(24)

(79)

(26)

(105)

Total interest-earnings assets

$

(34)

$

(40)

$

(74)

$

(131)

$

(49)

$

(180)

INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES:

Interest-bearing checking and money market accounts

$

(3)

$

(15)

$

(18)

$

(15)

$

(38)

$

(53)

Savings accounts

— 

(7)

(7)

4 

(14)

(10)

Certificates of deposit

(10)

(15)

(25)

(58)

(47)

(105)

Total borrowed funds

(16)

16 

— 

(33)

(12)

(45)

Total interest-bearing liabilities

$

(29)

$

(21)

$

(50)

$

(102)

$

(111)

$

(213)

Change in net interest income

$

(5)

$

(19)

$

(24)

$

(29)

$

62 

$

33 

Comparison to Prior Quarter

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, NIM increased 1 basis point, while NII decreased $24 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2025. The decrease in NII was primarily due to lower yields on our C&I loan portfolio as a result of a lower interest rate environment, and the non-recurrence of a $20 million hedge gain related to the accelerated repayment of certain FHLB-NY advances during the three months ended December 31, 2025. The decrease was partially offset by lower interest expense on deposits resulting from the paydown of higher-cost deposits.

Comparison to Prior Year

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, NIM increased by 41 basis points and NII increased $33 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase was primarily driven by the paydown of higher-cost deposits and borrowings during the year ended December 31, 2025, and the decision to reinvest cash into higher-earning assets. The increase was partially offset by lower interest income on our multi-family and CRE loan portfolios as a result of our continued strategy of diversifying our loan portfolio.

Provision for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes our Provision for credit losses for the respective periods:

Three Months Ended,

March 31, 2026 compared to (%):

(in millions)

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

Provision for credit losses

$

— 

$

3 

$

79 

(100)

%

(100)

%

Comparison to Prior Quarter

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the provision for credit losses decreased $3 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily driven by the bankruptcy settlement related to a single borrower and our strategic reduction of our multi-family and CRE portfolios. These decreases were partially offset by growth in our C&I portfolio and higher net charge-offs of $34 million primarily related to the one borrower relationship that was in bankruptcy.

Comparison to Prior Year to Date

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the provision for credit losses decreased $79 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to our strategic reduction of our multi-family and CRE portfolios and lower net charge-offs.

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Table of Contents

Non-Interest Income

The following table summarizes our non-interest income for the respective periods:

Three Months Ended,

March 31, 2026 compared to (%):

(in millions)

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

December 31, 2025

March 31, 2025

Fee income

$

23 

$

22 

$

22 

5 

%

5 

%

Bank-owned life insurance

10

17

10

(41)

%

— 

%

Net (loss) gain on investment securities

(9)

9 

—

NM

NM

Net gain on loan sales and securitizations

5

8

13

(38)

%

(62)

%

Net loan administration income

—

1

4

(100)

%

(100)

%

Other

26 

33 

31 

(21)

%

(16)

%

Total non-interest income

$

55 

$

90 

$

80 

(39)

%

(31)

%

Comparison to Prior Quarter

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, non-interest income decreased $35 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to an $18 million reduction in the value of our investment in Figure Technology Solutions, Inc., and lower income from our bank-owned life insurance due to a decrease in death benefit claims.

Comparison to Pri

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Latest 10-K MD&A

Extracted between Item 7 and the next Item 7A/8 heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-02-27. Report date: 2025-12-31.

Item 7.

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

As part of our commitment to delivering long-term shareholder value and sustained value creation, we are executing a strategic transformation plan designed to evolve into a fully diversified bank with a strong balance sheet, a robust capital position, and consistent earnings power.

Our plan is anchored in enterprise strategic priorities that drive our approach to transformation and growth. These priorities focus on transforming Flagstar into a top-tier, relationship-driven regional bank, creating a customer-centric culture that prioritizes valuable relationships, and building an effective risk management mindset that supports safe and sound operations. From these priorities, we have established key strategies that guide execution: driving transformation and financial resilience, growing our core operations, executing a disciplined commercial banking and lending strategy, enhancing operational efficiency, developing talent and leadership, and aligning regulatory and risk management.

Since initiating this plan in 2024, we have made measurable progress, including making key leadership additions, reducing non-core assets, improving our funding mix, enhancing our financial resilience, improving our liquidity and achieving profitability in the three months ended December 31, 2025. We believe that the continued successful execution of this plan will drive sustainable earnings and position us to deliver long-term value to shareholders.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Income

For the year ended December 31, 2025, we reported a net loss of $177 million compared to a net loss of $1.1 billion for the corresponding period in 2024. The net loss attributable to common stockholders, which includes the impact from preferred dividends, for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $210 million or $0.50 per diluted share compared to the net loss attributable to common stockholders of $1.2 billion for the corresponding period in 2024 or $3.49 per diluted share.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is our primary source of income. The amount of our net interest income is a function of the amount of interest-earning assets we hold, the manner in which we fund these assets, including interest-bearing liabilities, and the spread between the interest rates we earn on assets and the interest rates we pay on liabilities. These factors are influenced by both the pricing and mix of our interest-earning assets and our interest-bearing liabilities which, in turn, are impacted by various external factors, including the local economy, competition for loans and deposits, the monetary policy of the Federal Open Market Committee, and market interest rates.

Our interest-bearing liabilities are comprised of customer deposits and funds we borrow. The cost of our deposits and most of our borrowed funds is largely based on short-term rates of interest, the level of which is partially impacted by the

45

Table of Contents             

actions of the Federal Open Market Committee. The yields on our held for-investment loans and investment securities are generally more sensitive to intermediate-term market interest rates. However, a significant portion of our held for investment loans have fixed rates and generally reset to intermediate-term market rates when they reach repricing dates.

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our net interest income and average balance sheet for the periods indicated: Average yields are calculated by dividing the interest income produced by the average balance of interest-earning assets. Average costs are calculated by dividing the interest expense produced by the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. The average balances for the periods are derived from average balances that are calculated daily.

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

2023

(in millions)

Average Balance

Interest

Average Yield/Cost

Average Balance

Interest

Average Yield/Cost

Average Balance

Interest

Average Yield/Cost

ASSETS:

Interest-earning assets:

Total loans and leases (1)

$

64,822 

$

3,310 

5.09 

%

$

78,883 

$

4,369 

5.54 

%

$

81,855 

$

4,509 

5.51 

%

Securities (2)

15,554

702

4.51 

%

12,222 

559 

4.57 

%

10,611 

444 

4.18 

%

Reverse repurchase agreements

— 

— 

— 

%

— 

— 

— 

%

388 

22 

5.77 

%

Interest-earning cash and cash equivalents

10,504

454

4.32 

%

19,478 

1,024 

5.26 

%

10,025 

516 

5.14 

%

Total interest-earning assets

$

90,880 

$

4,466 

4.91 

%

$

110,583 

$

5,952 

5.38 

%

$

102,879 

$

5,491 

5.34 

%

Non-interest-earning assets

3,635

5,151 

7,616 

Total assets

$

94,515 

$

115,734 

$

110,495 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:

Interest-bearing deposits:

Interest-bearing checking and money market accounts

$

20,079 

$

612 

3.05 

%

$

23,654 

$

869 

3.67 

%

$

29,286 

$

943 

3.22 

%

Savings accounts

14,521

442

3.04 

%

10,975 

345 

3.14 

%

9,941 

169 

1.70 

%

Certificates of deposit

24,057

1,078

4.48 

%

27,477 

1,362 

4.96 

%

17,097 

646 

3.78 

%

Total interest-bearing deposits

$

58,657 

$

2,132 

3.63 

%

$

62,106 

$

2,576 

4.15 

%

$

56,324 

$

1,758 

3.12 

%

Total borrowed funds

$

13,620 

$

613 

4.50 

%

$

24,168 

$

1,224 

5.07 

%

$

17,934 

$

656 

3.66 

%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

$

72,277 

$

2,745 

3.80 

%

$

86,274 

$

3,800 

4.40 

%

$

74,258 

$

2,414 

3.25 

%

Non-interest-bearing deposits

12,548

18,140 

21,583 

Other liabilities

1,565

2,595 

4,073 

Total liabilities

$

86,390 

$

107,009 

$

99,914 

Stockholders’ and mezzanine equity

8,125

8,725 

10,581 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

94,515 

$

115,734 

$

110,495 

Net interest income/interest rate spread

$

1,721 

1.11 

%

$

2,152 

0.98 

%

$

3,077 

2.09 

%

Net interest margin

1.89 

%

1.95 

%

2.99 

%

Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities

1.26 

x

1.28 

x

1.39 

x

(1)Comprised of Loans and leases held for investment, net and Loans held for sale.

(2)Comprised of Debt securities available-for-sale at amortized cost, Equity investments with readily determinable fair values, at fair value and FHLB stock and FRB-NY stock, at cost.

46

Table of Contents             

The following table summarizes the change in NII attributable to changes in rate and volume:

Year Ended December 31,

2025 compared to Year Ended 2024

Increase/(Decrease) Due to:

2024 compared to Year Ended 2023

Increase/(Decrease) Due to:

(in millions)

Volume

Rate

Net

Volume

Rate

Net

INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS:

Total loans and leases

$

(360)

$

(699)

$

(1,059)

$

(170)

$

30 

$

(140)

Securities

66

77

143

73 

42 

115 

Reverse repurchase agreements

—

—

—

(22)

— 

(22)

Interest Earning cash and cash equivalents

(194)

(376)

(570)

508 

— 

508 

Total interest-earnings assets

$

(488)

$

(998)

$

(1,486)

$

389 

$

72 

$

461 

INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES:

Interest-bearing checking and money market accounts

$

(55)

$

(202)

$

(257)

$

(290)

$

216 

$

(74)

Savings accounts

54 

43 

97 

37 

139 

176 

Certificates of deposit

(77)

(207)

(284)

677 

39 

716 

Total borrowed funds

(237)

(374)

(611)

414 

154 

568 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

(315)

(740)

(1,055)

838 

548 

1,386 

Change in net interest income

$

(173)

$

(258)

$

(431)

$

(449)

$

(476)

$

(925)

Comparison to Prior Year

For the year ended December 31, 2025, NIM decreased by 6 basis points and NII decreased $431 million compared to the corresponding period in 2024. This was primarily as a result of lower average total loans and leases due to the strategic reduction in multi-family and CRE loans, the sale of our mortgage third party origination business and mortgage servicing business ("Mortgage Operations") during 2024 and the sale of our warehouse lending portfolio during 2024. The decrease was partially offset by lower average borrowed funds driven by the pay down of wholesale borrowings and lower interest-bearing deposits driven by the pay down of brokered deposits during 2024 and 2025.

Provision for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes our Provision for credit losses for the respective periods:

Year Ended December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

2023

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Provision for credit losses

$

184 

$

1,092 

$

833 

$

(908)

(83)

%

Comparison to Prior Year

For the year ended December 31, 2025, the provision for credit losses decreased $908 million compared to the corresponding period for 2024. This decrease is primarily due to the normalization of credit trends, collateral values and borrower financials, which has resulted in a stabilized ACL and lower net charge-offs in our multi-family and CRE portfolios. Additionally, the improvement in our ACL balance since December 31, 2024, was as a result of the on-going volume declines from the strategic reduction in our multi-family, CRE and non-core C&I portfolios. This improvement was partially offset by declining trends in macro-economic conditions, although some improvement was seen during the three months ended December 31, 2025.

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Non-Interest Income

The following table summarizes our non-interest income for the respective periods:

Year Ended December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

2023

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Fee income

$

89 

$

150 

$

172 

$

(61)

(41)

%

Bank-owned life insurance

49

42

43

7 

17 

%

Net gain on investment securities

31

—

—

31 

NM

Net return on mortgage servicing rights

—

73

103

(73)

NM

Net gain on loan sales and securitizations

32

48

89

(16)

(33)

%

Net gain on mortgage/servicing sale

—

89

—

(89)

NM

Net loan administration income

6

2

82

4 

NM

Bargain purchase gain

—

(121)

2,131

121 

NM

Other

134

117

67

17 

15 

%

Total non-interest income

$

341 

$

400 

$

2,687 

$

(59)

(15)

%

Comparison to Prior Year

For the year ended December 31, 2025, non-interest income decreased $59 million compared to the corresponding period for 2024. The decrease in non-interest income was primarily due to the non-recurrence of a $92 million gain on the sale of our Mortgage Operations in 2024, as well as lower net return on mortgage servicing rights, fee income, and net gain on loan sales and securitizations as a result of the sale of our Mortgage Operations in 2024. The decrease was partially offset by the non-recurrence of both a $121 million reduction in the Signature Transaction bargain purchase gain during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $23 million of selling costs resulting from the sale of the mortgage warehouse business during the three months ended September 30, 2024. In addition, the $30 million gain on our investment in Figure Technology Solutions, Inc in 2025 also partially offset the decline in non-interest income.

Non-Interest Expense

The following table summarizes our non-interest expense for the respective periods:

Year Ended December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

2023

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Operating expenses:

Compensation and benefits

$

976 

$

1,263 

$

1,149 

$

(287)

(23)

%

Occupancy and equipment

202

211

200

(9)

(4)

%

Software expense

173

186

180

(13)

(7)

%

FDIC insurance

169

313

126

(144)

(46)

%

Professional services

86

110

55

(24)

(22)

%

General and administrative

307

513

389

(206)

(40)

%

Total operating expense

$

1,913 

$

2,596 

$

2,099 

$

(683)

(26)

%

Intangible asset amortization

107

136

126

(29)

(21)

%

Merger-related and restructuring expenses

56

106

330

(50)

(47)

%

Goodwill impairment

—

—

2,426

—

NM

Total non-interest expense

$

2,076 

$

2,838 

$

4,981 

$

(762)

(27)

%

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Comparison to Prior Year

Total non-interest expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $762 million compared to the corresponding period for 2024. The decrease is primarily due to lower compensation and benefits costs stemming from the actions taken to optimize costs during 2024, and a decrease in general and administrative expenses primarily due to the sale of our Mortgage Operations in 2024 as well as our continued focus on operating expense management. Additionally, we had lower FDIC insurance costs as a result of a lower asset base due to the sale of our Mortgage Operations and lower brokered deposits.

Income Tax Expense

The following table summarizes our income tax benefit and effective tax rate for the respective periods:

Year Ended December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

2023

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Income tax (benefit) expense

$

(21)

$

(260)

$

29 

$

239 

(92)

%

Effective tax rate

10.6 

%

18.9 

%

(59.6)

%

Comparison to Prior Year to Date

The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased $239 million compared to the corresponding period for 2024, primarily as a result of the reduction in our pre-tax loss, partially offset by the tax impact of the adjustment to the bargain purchase gain recorded net of tax in 2024.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS: 2024 AS COMPARED TO 2023

The results of operations comparison of 2024 compared to 2023 can be found in our previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2024, under Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

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FINANCIAL CONDITION

Loans and Leases

The following table summarizes the composition of our loan portfolio:

December 31,

2025

2024

(in millions)

Amount

Percent of Loans Held for Investment

Amount

Percent of Loans Held for Investment

Multi-family

$

28,983 

47.7 

%

$

34,093 

49.9 

%

Commercial real estate(1)

9,314

15.3 

11,836

17.4 

One-to-four family first mortgage

5,630

9.3 

5,201

7.6 

Commercial and industrial

15,217 

25.1 

15,376 

22.5 

Other loans

1,588

2.6 

1,766

2.6 

Total loans and leases held for investment

$

60,732

100%

$

68,272

100%

Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases

(1,030)

(1,201)

Total loans and leases held for investment, net

$

59,702 

$

67,071 

Loans held for sale

265

899

Total loans and leases, net

$

59,967 

$

67,970 

(1)Includes ADC loans.

Total loans and leases held for investment decreased $7.5 billion at December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of the strategy of diversifying our loan portfolio by reducing our multi-family, CRE and non-core C&I loan exposure, partially offset by $5.8 billion in originations within our C&I portfolio.

Loan Maturity and Repricing Analysis

The following table sets forth loans with adjustable rates ("Option Loans") by year of repricing and fixed rate loans ("Non-Option Loans") by year of contractual maturity:

December 31, 2025

(in millions)

Multi-Family

Commercial Real Estate(2)

Repricing / Contractual Maturity Year

Option Loans by Repricing Date

Non-Option Loans by Contractual Maturity

Option Loans by Repricing Date

Non-Option Loans by Contractual Maturity

Total (1)(3)

2026

$

3,893 

$

967 

$

1,967 

$

263 

$

7,090 

2027

7,266 

1,061 

912 

646 

9,885 

2028

3,685 

2,074 

367 

1,020 

7,146 

2029

2,279 

1,474 

239 

499 

4,491 

2030

75 

2,344 

13 

373 

2,805 

2031+

87 

3,442 

5 

646 

4,180 

Total amounts due or repricing, gross

$

17,285 

$

11,362 

$

3,503 

$

3,447 

$

35,597 

(1)Excludes Specialty Finance commercial real estate loans and multi-family loans serviced-by-others totaling $433 million and $96 million, respectively. Amounts presented reflect unpaid principal balance; total amortized cost adjustments were $105 million.

(2)Excludes ADC loans.

(3)Excludes $295 million of loans past their contractual maturity date that are in the process of modification or foreclosure.

Option loans offer the borrower the ability to reprice to a fixed rate after the initial fixed rate period. If not elected, the loan defaults to a variable rate. Option loans in the table are shown as being due in the period the interest rate is subject to change. Non-Option loans are beyond the option date and are reflected by maturity. Risks associated with loan repricing are discussed in the Credit Risk section.

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The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2025, the dollar amount of all loans held for investment that are due after December 31, 2026, and indicates whether such loans have fixed or adjustable rates of interest:

(in millions)

Fixed

Adjustable (2)

Total(1)

Multi-family

$

7,279 

$

16,508 

$

23,787 

Commercial real estate (3)

1,997 

2,485 

4,482 

One-to-four family first mortgage

1,902 

3,915 

5,817 

Commercial and industrial

168 

4,780 

4,948 

Other loans

186 

1,352 

1,538 

Total loans

$

11,532 

$

29,040 

$

40,572 

(1)Amounts presented reflect unpaid principal balance.

(2)Loans with the option for the borrower to extend through repricing into an adjustable-rate loan are included within the Adjustable column during their initial fixed rate period.

(3)Includes ADC Loans.

Multi-Family Loans

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Multi-family

$

28,983 

$

34,093 

$

(5,110)

(15)

%

The multi-family loan portfolio decreased $5.1 billion at December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to $4.2 billion of par payoffs since December 31, 2024, which includes $254 million of loan sales related to a single borrower relationship, 52 percent of which were from substandard loans. The decline also reflects $665 million of paydowns. This reduction is consistent with our strategy to diversify our loan portfolio by reducing our exposure to multi-family loans.

The New York Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019 significantly limits the ability to increase rents on regulated apartments upon vacancy. These limitations may reduce a borrower’s ability to generate additional revenues on those units to offset higher operating expenses due to inflation and the current interest rate environment. This could result in lower net operating income and could impact a borrower’s ability to satisfy repayment obligations during the term of the loan. In addition, the level of income generated by the property may be insufficient to qualify for refinancing at maturity.

The majority of our multi-family loan portfolio consists of non-recourse loans secured by rental apartment buildings. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $15.8 billion or 55 percent and $19.2 billion or 56 percent of our total multi-family loan portfolio was secured by properties in New York State. Of these amounts, $13.9 billion or 88 percent and $18.3 billion or 95 percent were subject to rent regulation laws to varying degrees at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Additionally, $9.5 billion and $11.2 billion of these loans, as of the respective year-ends, were secured by properties in which at least 50 percent of the units were rent-regulated.

To mitigate our exposure to rent-regulated properties, we are curtailing future originations of loans secured by rent-regulated properties. We are focusing originations and renewal retention on borrowers with whom we will have broader customer relationships beyond lending. Additionally, we are strategically diversifying our loan portfolio to shift from multi-family loans to other loan sectors.

Historically, our multi-family loans may have contained an initial interest-only period; however, they were underwritten on a fully amortizing basis, including calculation of the DSCR. Whether a borrower qualified for an interest-only period was based on the individual credit profile of the borrower, particularly the loan-to-value of the property. Our multi-family loan portfolio had $6.5 billion outstanding in the interest only period as of December 31, 2025. The weighted average interest-only period remaining was 22.8 months as of December 31, 2025, with approximately 51 percent of these loans entering their amortization period by the end of 2026.

We continue to monitor our loans held for investment portfolio and the related ACL, particularly, given the economic pressures facing the commercial real estate and multi-family markets. Although occupancy levels have historically tended to be stable due to below market rents, rent-regulated loans that are repricing are incurring debt service levels that, when combined with inflationary pressure on operating costs and limits on the ability to increase rental rates, approach or exceed some

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Table of Contents             

properties’ net operating income and may require the borrower to support the loan from sources unrelated to the collateral until elevated interest rates subside and/or over time as rents are able to be increased.

The following table presents a geographical analysis of the multi-family loans in our held for investment loan portfolio:

December 31,

2025

2024

(in millions)

Amount

Percent of Total

Amount

Percent of Total

New York City:

Manhattan

$

4,901 

17 

%

$

6,246 

18 

%

Brooklyn

4,559 

16 

5,375 

16 

Bronx

2,723 

9 

3,272 

10 

Queens

2,206 

8 

2,526 

7 

Staten Island

69 

— 

98 

— 

Total New York City

$

14,458 

50 

%

$

17,517 

51 

%

New Jersey

3,715 

13 

4,509 

13 

Long Island

426 

1 

484 

1 

Total Metro New York

$

18,599 

64 

%

$

22,510 

66 

%

Other New York State

930 

3 

1,188 

3 

Pennsylvania

2,831 

10 

3,375 

10 

Florida

1,483 

5 

1,555 

5 

Ohio

968 

3 

1,007 

3 

All other states

4,172 

15 

4,458 

13 

Total

$

28,983 

100 

%

$

34,093 

100 

%

Commercial Real Estate

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Commercial real estate(1)

$

9,314 

$

11,836 

$

(2,522)

(21)

%

(1)Includes ADC loans.

At December 31, 2025, CRE loans decreased $2.5 billion compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to par payoffs. The reduction in our CRE portfolio is consistent with the strategic decision to diversify our loan portfolio by reducing our exposure to CRE loans.

Certain of our CRE loans may contain an interest-only period which typically does not exceed three years; however, these loans are underwritten on a fully amortizing basis, including calculation of the DSCR. Whether a borrower qualifies for an interest-only period is based on the individual credit profile of the borrower, particularly the loan-to-value of the property.

Substantially all CRE loans we originate are non-recourse and are secured by income-producing properties such as office buildings, retail centers, mixed-use buildings, and multi-tenanted light industrial properties.

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Table of Contents             

The following table presents an analysis of the property types that collateralize the CRE loans in our held-for-investment portfolio:

December 31,

2025

2024

(in millions)

Amount

Percent of Total

Amount

Percent of Total

Office (includes owner and non-owner occupied)

$

1,954 

21 

%

$

2,411 

20 

%

Retail (includes owner and non-owner occupied)

1,560 

17 

1,934 

16 

Industrial

3,928 

42 

4,984 

42 

Other

1,872 

20 

2,507 

22 

Total(1)

$

9,314 

100 

%

$

11,836 

100 

%

(1)Includes ADC loans.

The following table presents a geographical analysis of the CRE loans in our held-for-investment loan portfolio:

December 31,

2025

2024

(in millions)

Amount

Percent of Total

Amount

Percent of Total

New York

$

3,626 

39 

%

$

4,634 

39 

%

Michigan

929 

10 

1,220 

10 

California

703 

8 

737 

6 

New Jersey

640 

7 

738 

6 

Florida

626 

7 

734 

6 

Texas

318 

3 

451 

4 

All other states

2,472 

26 

3,322 

29 

Total(1)

$

9,314 

100 

%

$

11,836 

100 

%

(1)Includes ADC loans.

Commercial and Industrial Loans

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Commercial and industrial

$

15,217 

$

15,376 

$

(159)

(1)

%

Our C&I loan portfolio decreased $159 million at December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to our strategic decision to diversify our loan portfolio by reducing our exposure to non-core C&I loans. This decrease was partially offset by $5.8 billion of new originations that resulted from new and increased loan commitments of $8.3 billion during the year ended December 31, 2025.

We originate a broad range of C&I loans, both collateralized and unsecured, which are made available to businesses for working capital (including inventory and accounts receivable), business expansion, the purchase of machinery and equipment, and other general corporate needs. In determining the term and structure of C&I loans, many factors are considered, including the purpose, the collateral, and the anticipated sources of repayment. C&I loans are often secured by business assets of the borrower and often include financial covenants to monitor the borrower’s financial stability.

The majority of the C&I loan portfolio is structured as floating rate obligations, through a variety of teams dedicated to various markets, products and sectors, including corporate and regional commercial banking, specialized industries, equipment finance and private banking. We continue to add experienced commercial, corporate and specialized industries banking professionals and credit underwriting and portfolio management personnel to support our growth.

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One-to-Four Family Loans

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

One-to-four family first mortgage

$

5,630 

$

5,201 

$

429 

8 

%

One-to-four family loans increased $429 million at December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, primarily driven by new originations arising from our private banking business.

One-to-four family loans include various types of conforming and non-conforming fixed and adjustable-rate loans underwritten using Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac guidelines for the purpose of purchasing or refinancing owner occupied and second home properties. The loan-to-value requirements on our residential first mortgage loans vary depending on occupancy, property type, loan amount, and FICO scores. Loans with loan-to-value ratios exceeding 80 percent are required to obtain mortgage insurance. As of December 31, 2025, excluding loans with government guarantees, loans in this portfolio had an average current FICO score of 744 and an average loan-to-value ratio of 51 percent.

Other Loans

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Other loans

$

1,588 

$

1,766 

$

(178)

(10)

%

At December 31, 2025, Other loans decreased $178 million compared to December 31, 2024, primarily driven by payoffs at par.

Our loans primarily consist of HELOANs, second mortgage loans, and HELOCs. As of December 31, 2025, loans in this portfolio had an average current FICO score of 758.

Loans Held for Sale

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Loans held for sale

$

265 

$

899 

$

(634)

(71)

%

Loans held for sale decreased $634 million at December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to the run-off of held for sale loans following the sale of our Mortgage Operations during three months ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025, $242 million of our loans held for sale are a result of mortgage originations made through our retail branch network and private banking business.

Refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for our policy related to classifying loans as held for sale.

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Table of Contents             

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table sets forth the allocation of the ACL on loans and leases at each period-end:

December 31,

2025

2024

(in millions)

Allowance for credit losses

Allowance as a percent of loans in each portfolio

Loans in each portfolio as a percent of total loans

Allowance for credit losses

Allowance as a percent of loans in each portfolio

Loans in each portfolio as a percent of total loans

Multi-family loans

$

549 

1.89 

%

47.7 

%

$

639 

1.87 

%

49.9 

%

Commercial real estate loans(1)

229

2.46 

15.3 

304

2.57 

17.4 

One-to-four family first mortgage loans

35

0.62 

9.3 

39

0.75 

7.6 

Commercial and industrial

150

0.99 

25.1 

151

0.98 

22.5 

Other loans

67

4.22 

2.6 

68

3.85 

2.6 

Total loans

$

1,030 

1.70 

%

100 

%

$

1,201 

1.76 

%

100 

%

(1)Includes ADC loans.

The ACL on loans and leases decreased $171 million from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025. This decrease is primarily due to volume declines from the strategic reduction in our multi-family, CRE and non-core C&I portfolios, and stable credit trends as property values and borrower financials normalize. The reduction in our ACL balance was partially offset by declining trends in macro-economic conditions, although some improvement was seen during the three months ended December 31, 2025.

Refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for our policy relating to the ACL.

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Table of Contents             

Non-Accrual Loans

The following table presents our non-accrual loans held for investment by loan type:

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

% Change

Multi-family

$

2,261 

$

1,755 

$

506 

29 

%

Commercial real estate (1)

489 

564 

(75)

(13)

One-to-four family first mortgage

64 

70 

(6)

(9)

Commercial and industrial

130 

202 

(72)

(36)

Other non-accrual loans

31 

24 

7 

29 

Total non-accrual loans (2)

$

2,975 

$

2,615 

$

360 

14 

%

Repossessed assets

11 

14 

(3)

(21)

Total non-performing assets

$

2,986 

$

2,629 

$

357 

14 

%

Non-accrual loans to total loans held for investment

4.90 

%

3.83 

%

Non-performing assets to total assets

3.41 

%

2.62 

%

Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases to non-accrual loans

34.62 

%

45.93 

%

(1)Includes ADC loans.

(2)Excludes $30 million and $323 million of non-accrual held for sale loans at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The following table sets forth the changes in non-accrual loans for the year ended 2025:

(in millions)

Balance at December 31, 2024

$

2,615 

New non-accrual

1,994 

Charge-offs

(185)

Transferred to held for sale

(95)

Loan payoffs, including dispositions and principal pay-downs

(1,215)

Restored to performing status

(139)

Balance at December 31, 2025

$

2,975 

During the year ended 2025, non accrual loans increased $360 million primarily due to the classification of $566 million in loans, primarily within our multi-family portfolio, as non-accrual during the three months ended March 31, 2025. This increase was driven by a single borrower relationship that was undergoing bankruptcy proceedings as of December 31, 2025. The bankruptcy auction was finalized and confirmed by the bankruptcy court in January 2026, and we expect to close on the sale of these loans during the three months ending March 31, 2026.

Approximately 34 percent of our non-accrual loans are current on their contractual payment terms.

Refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for our policy relating to non-accrual loans.

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Table of Contents             

Delinquencies

The following table presents our loans held for investment 30 to 89 days past due by loan type and the changes in the respective balances. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 47 percent of our multi-family 30-89 days past due loans were attributable to a single borrower relationship that continues to make payments in arrears subsequent to December 31, 2025.

December 31,

$ Change

% Change

(in millions)

2025

2024

Loans 30 to 89 Days Past Due:

Multi-family

$

588 

$

749 

$

(161)

(21)

%

Commercial real estate(1)

155 

70 

85 

NM

One-to-four family first mortgage

78 

25 

53 

NM

Commercial and industrial

126 

110 

16 

15 

%

Other loans

39 

11 

28 

NM

Total loans 30-89 days past due

$

986 

$

965 

$

21 

2 

%

(1)Includes ADC loans.

Charge-offs

The following table summarizes net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans:

December 31,

2025

2024

(in millions)

Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)

Average Balance

%

Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)

Average Balance

%

Multi-family

$

235 

$

31,953 

0.74 

%

$

303 

$

36,064 

0.84 

%

Commercial real estate(1)

33 

10,666 

0.31 

458 

13,149 

3.48 

One-to-four family residential

4 

5,075 

0.08 

3 

5,740 

0.05 

Commercial and industrial

59 

14,616 

0.40 

115 

19,753 

0.58 

Other

20 

1,683 

1.19 

13 

1,902 

0.68 

Total

$

351 

$

63,993 

0.55 

%

$

892 

$

76,608 

1.16 

%

(1)Includes ADC loans.

Securities

Debt Securities Available-for-Sale

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

% Change

(2025 vs. 2024)

Debt Securities Available-for-Sale

$

15,701 

$

10,402 

$

5,299 

51 

%

Debt securities available-for-sale increased $5.3 billion compared to December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily a result of our decision to reinvest our cash into higher earning assets. At December 31, 2025, 26 percent of our portfolio is comprised of floating rate securities.

At December 31, 2025, debt securities available-for-sale had an estimated weighted average life of 5 years compared to 6 years at December 31, 2024. Mortgage-related securities included in debt securities available-for-sale were $13.0 billion and $8.6 billion at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

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The following table summarizes the weighted average yields of debt securities available-for-sale for the maturities at December 31, 2025:

Mortgage-

Related

Securities

U.S.

Government

and GSE

Obligations

Corporate and Other Bonds

Asset-Backed Securities

Available-for-sale Debt Securities: (1)

Due within one year

2.97 

%

— 

%

— 

%

— 

%

Due from one to five years

2.61 

3.93 

4.48 

— 

Due from five to ten years

2.51 

1.62 

5.43 

— 

Due after ten years

4.42 

— 

5.95 

5.45 

Total debt securities available-for-sale

4.37 

2.62 

4.92 

5.45 

(1)The weighted average yields are calculated by multiplying each carrying value by its yield and dividing the sum of these results by the total carrying values and are not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.

Deposits

We compete for deposits and customers through multiple channels, including our retail branch network, our private banking business and mobile and internet banking applications. Our ability to retain and attract deposits depends on numerous factors, including customer satisfaction, the rates of interest we pay, the types of products we offer, and the attractiveness of their terms.

The following table summarizes the change in our deposits:

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

% Change

Interest-bearing checking and money market accounts

$

18,233 

$

20,780 

$

(2,547)

(12)

%

Savings accounts

14,864 

14,282 

582 

4 

Certificates of deposit

20,843 

27,324 

(6,481)

(24)

Non-interest-bearing accounts

12,060 

13,484 

(1,424)

(11)

Total deposits

$

66,000 

$

75,870 

$

(9,870)

(13)

%

Total deposits at December 31, 2025 decreased $9.9 billion compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to the payoff of brokered CDs reflecting our strategy to reduce higher cost funding and custodial deposits as a result of the sale of our Mortgage Operations during the three months ended December 31, 2024.

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The following table presents the composition of the Bank's brokered deposits for the periods presented:

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

Brokered interest-bearing checking and money market accounts

$

76 

$

714 

Brokered certificates of deposit

2,326 

9,510 

Total brokered deposits (1)

$

2,402 

$

10,224 

(1)Excludes reciprocal deposits.

The following table indicates the amount of time deposits, by account, that are in excess of $250,000 per depositor by time remaining until maturity:

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

3 months or less

$

2,758 

$

3,530 

Over 3 months through 6 months

1,933 

2,637 

Over 3 months through 6 months

1,175 

4,329 

Over 12 months

466 

2,099 

Total time deposits in excess of $250,000 per depositor (1)

$

6,332 

$

12,595 

(1)Includes brokered certificate of deposit accounts of $2.3 billion and $9.5 billion at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Brokered certificates of deposit with balances in excess of $250,000 are fully insured by the FDIC as each of the ultimate owners of the funds maintain balances below FDIC insurance limits.

The following table indicates the amount of custodial deposits by source:

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

Custodial deposits from subservicing relationships

— 

947 

Non-servicing custodial deposits

2,068 

3,651 

Total Custodial Deposits

$

2,068 

$

4,598 

Uninsured Deposits

At December 31, 2025, our deposit base includes $13.5 billion of uninsured deposits that are uninsured or not collateralized by securities or letters of credit. Our uninsured deposits are the portion of deposit accounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit.

As of December 31, 2025, total bank liquidity exceeds the balance of our uninsured deposits by $13.6 billion.

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Borrowed Funds

The following table summarizes our borrowed funds:

December 31,

(in millions)

2025

2024

$ Change

% Change

Short-term borrowings(1)

FHLB advances

$

4,000 

$

2,750 

$

1,250 

45 

%

Total short-term borrowings

$

4,000 

$

2,750 

$

1,250 

45 

%

Long-term debt

FHLB advances

$

7,151 

$

10,650 

$

(3,499)

(33)

%

Junior subordinated debentures

585 

582 

3 

1 

Subordinated notes

448 

444

4

1 

Total long-term debt

$

8,184 

$

11,676 

$

(3,492)

(30)

%

Total borrowed funds

$

12,184 

$

14,426 

$

(2,242)

(16)

%

(1)Borrowings with original maturities of one year or less are classified as short-term borrowings.

At December 31, 2025 total borrowed funds decreased $2.2 billion compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to the repayment of $250 million and $1.0 billion of FHLB advances upon maturity in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2025, respectively. In December 2025, we strategically prepaid $2.5 billion of FHLB advances prior to maturity to reduce future funding cost. These repayments were partially offset by new short-term advances taken during the year. These actions contributed to us reducing our weighted-average interest rate on our total borrowings from 4.88 percent to 4.33 percent at December 31, 2025.

FHLB advances are secured by eligible collateral in the form of loans and securities, under blanket collateral agreements with the FHLB. At December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 our wholesale borrowing had $250 million of callable features.

Risk Governance Framework

The Risk Management Division is responsible for formalizing our Risk Appetite Statement, which reflects the Board's and Management’s tolerance for risks and is set in alignment with the budget, strategic and capital plans. Internal controls and ongoing monitoring processes capture and address heightened risks that threaten our ability to achieve our goals and objectives, including the recognition of safety and soundness concerns and consumer protection. Additionally, key risk indicators are monitored against established risk warning levels and limits, as well as elevated risks escalated to the Chief Risk Officer.

To comprehensively manage our risk exposure, we focus on several critical areas outlined below, Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, Interest Rate Risk and Regulatory Capital.

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Credit Risk

It is our practice to continually review the risk in our loan portfolio. For our multi-family and CRE loan portfolios, we receive financial information from borrowers annually and in some cases more frequently. Generally, updated annual borrower financial information is received during the second calendar quarter. Upon receipt of the borrower financial information, we perform an analysis to determine whether the cash flow from the underlying collateral is sufficient to meet the contractual loan payments, commonly referred to as the DSCR. We consider the ability to cover debt service based upon the current contractual rate or, when a borrower’s initial fixed rate period expires in the near future, the lowest contractual rate reset option available under the loan terms using the current level for referenced indices. Loans that do not have a DSCR of 1.0 or greater are evaluated for a potential downgrade to substandard or non-accrual risk rating. All substandard loans, including non-accrual loans, are appraised at the time of downgrade and are re-appraised annually. Based upon this appraisal the loan is evaluated to determine if an adjustment to the carrying amount is required.

For our C&I loan portfolio, we receive financial information from borrowers quarterly and in some cases less frequently. Quarterly borrower financial information is typically received within 45 to 60 days of quarter end. Upon receipt of the borrower financial information, we perform analyses to (i) determine whether borrower cash flow is sufficient to meet the contractual loan payments, commonly using a fixed-charge coverage ratio (FCCR) which is often a financial covenant of our borrowers (ii) test all borrower financial covenants, (iii) review and update collateral values, and (iv) update our internal borrower risk ratings. Loans that do not have a FCCR of 1.0 or greater are evaluated for a potential downgrade to substandard or non-accrual risk rating.

The largest substandard and non-accrual loans within our portfolio are reported and reviewed with the RAC at least quarterly.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, $3.0 billion of multi-family loans reached their repricing date. Approximately, 89 percent of the loans that repriced during 2025 are current on their contractual payments or paid off during the year.

Substandard and Non-Accrual loans ("Classified Loans") reflect the potential that a loss may occur if deficiencies in the primary source of repayment are unable to be corrected and borrowers are unwilling or unable to otherwise support the loans. Classified loans at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $9.7 billion and $11.5 billion, respectively. The decrease in classified loans is primarily attributable to the par payoffs of multi-family substandard loans.

The procedures we follow with respect to delinquent loans are generally consistent across all categories, with late charges assessed, and notices mailed to the borrower, at specified dates. We attempt to reach the borrower by telephone to ascertain the reasons for delinquency and the prospects for repayment. When contact is made with a borrower at any time prior to foreclosure or recovery against collateral property, we attempt to obtain full payment and will consider a repayment schedule to avoid taking such action. Generally, we make every effort to collect rather than initiate foreclosure or other recovery proceedings.

Refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information regarding our policies surrounding non-accrual loans.

In accordance with our charge-off policy, collateral-dependent loans are written down to their current appraised values less costs to sell. We actively pursue borrowers who are delinquent in repaying their loans in an effort to collect payment. In addition, outside counsel with experience in foreclosure proceedings are retained to support these efforts. Charge-offs of $326 million were recorded on multi-family and commercial real estate loans during the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily driven by appraisals received on those loans.

It is our policy to order updated appraisals for all substandard and non-accrual loans that are collateralized by multi-family buildings, commercial real estate properties, or land, if the most recent appraisal on file for the property is more than one year old. Appraisals are ordered at least annually until such time as the loan becomes pass rated. It is not our policy to obtain updated appraisals for performing loans that are not showing signs of credit weakness. However, appraisals may be ordered for performing loans when a borrower requests an increase in the loan amount, a modification in loan terms, or an extension of a maturing loan, or when we determine an updated appraisal is needed as a result of our ongoing credit analysis. We evaluate loans that were previously placed on non-accrual at least quarterly to determine if additional charge-offs may be needed.

Properties and other assets that are acquired through foreclosure are classified as repossessed assets and are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, less the estimated cost of selling the property. Subsequent declines in the fair value of the assets are charged to earnings and are included in non-interest expense. It is our policy to require an appraisal, and an environmental assessment of properties classified as other real estate owned before foreclosure and to re-appraise the properties

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at least annually until they are sold. We dispose of such properties as quickly and prudently as possible, given current market conditions and the property’s condition.

Liquidity Risk

We have established a liquidity risk management framework designed to ensure that we can meet our funding obligations in daily, business-as-usual and liquidity stress periods. We maintain a Liquidity Risk Policy that has been approved by the Board and is subject to review at least annually or if there are significant changes to our business activity. The Liquidity Risk Policy outlines our Risk Appetite and provides guidance for the roles and responsibilities of management and various oversight committees to oversee the liquidity risk management framework. We also maintain a CFP which has been approved by the Board. The CFP provides guidance to plan for potential periods of stress and to navigate actual periods of stress. The CFP specifies a series of EWI which we use to monitor funding or market conditions that may indicate a trend toward a period of stress and to provide guiding principles for us during a period of stress including identifying the operational steps needed to access available and contingent sources of liquidity.

Our funding primarily stems from a diverse combination of business activities. The primary source of funding is our retail and institutional deposit base. Customer deposits provide us with a relatively stable, low-cost source of funding. The majority of our customer deposits are covered by FDIC deposit insurance with $13.5 billion of deposits that are uninsured or not collateralized by securities or letters of credit, representing 20 percent of our overall deposit base. We also obtain funding through various wholesale funding channels, including $11.2 billion of secured borrowings from the FHLB and an active brokered CDs issuance program with $2.3 billion outstanding as of December 31, 2025.

Our Liquidity Policy defines a limit framework which ensures we maintain liquidity and funding within our risk appetite. The limits require, among other elements, we maintain a diverse funding profile while limiting concentration of funding by source, counterparty and maturity tenor. The policy also requires us to maintain sufficient on-balance sheet liquidity to support funding obligations under a severe, but plausible 30-day liquidity stress scenario. We monitor and report our overall funding and liquidity risk appetite metrics on a daily basis and our cash position on an intraday basis.

We maintain a liquidity buffer of on-balance sheet cash reserves and HQLAs. We also maintain access to secured borrowings from the FHLB and FRB-NY Discount Window. The investment securities we consider HQLAs are all unencumbered, held as available-for-sale, and are either issued by government sponsored entities or are explicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government. We pledge eligible loan and securities collateral with the FRB-NY Discount Window and FHLB New York to support borrowing capacity. The available borrowing capacity with the FRB-NY Discount Window and the FHLB, net of credit utilization primarily in the form of advances and letters of credit, is included in our Total Liquidity.

December 31,

(in billions)

2025

2024

Cash at Federal Reserve

$

5.3 

$

15.0 

High-Quality Liquid Assets

13.5 

7.9 

Total On-Balance Sheet Liquidity

$

18.8 

$

22.9 

FHLB Available Capacity

6.5 

6.6 

Discount Window Available Capacity

1.8 

0.4 

Total Liquidity

$

27.1 

$

29.9 

Credit Ratings

We maintain credit ratings from three rating agencies: Moody’s, Fitch and Morningstar DBRS. As of January 16, 2026, our credit ratings were as follows:

Moody's

Fitch

DBRS

Long-Term Issuer

B1

BB

BBB

Long-Term Deposits

Ba1

BB+

BBB

Short-Term Deposits

NP

B

The primary mortgage loan agencies maintain standards that define the criteria that must be met for an institution to qualify as an eligible custodial depository for the deposits related to loans owned by those entities, including having an

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investment grade short-term issuer/deposit rating from Moody’s or S&P. We are currently not in compliance with that criteria. We have received a waiver of these criteria for all of our custodial deposits which could be revoked at any of the agencies' discretion. We have no other direct contractual relationships tied to further downgrades in our credit ratings, but may suffer reputational risk that could have an adverse effect on our business should that occur.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

In the normal course of business, we enter into a variety of contractual obligations in order to manage our assets and liabilities, fund loan growth, operate our branch network, and address our capital needs.

For example, we offer certificates of deposit with contractual terms to our customers and borrow funds under contract from the FHLB. These contractual obligations are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Condition under “Deposits” and “Borrowed funds,” respectively. At December 31, 2025, we had CDs of $20.8 billion and long-term debt (defined as borrowed funds with an original maturity one year or more) of $8.2 billion.

We also are obligated under certain non-cancelable operating leases on the buildings and land we use in operating our branch network and in performing our back-office responsibilities. These obligations are included within Other liabilities within the Consolidated Statements of Condition in other liabilities and totaled $427 million at December 31, 2025, a decrease of $36 million compared to $463 million at December 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2025, we also had commitments to extend credit in the form of mortgage and other loan originations, as well as commercial, performance stand-by and financial stand-by letters of credit. These commitments consist of agreements to extend credit as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract under which the loan is made. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. The fees we collect in connection with the issuance of letters of credit are included in “Fee income” in the Consolidated Statements of (Loss) Income.

At December 31, 2025, our total liquidity position was $27.1 billion, and we expect that our funding will be sufficient to fulfill our cash obligations and commitments when they are due both in the short term and long term.

For the year ended 2025, we did not engage in any off-balance sheet transactions that we expect to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

At December 31, 2025, we had no commitments to purchase securities.

Interest Rate Risk

We manage our assets and liabilities to reduce our exposure to changes in market interest rates. The asset and liability management process has three primary objectives: to evaluate the interest rate risk inherent in certain balance sheet accounts; to determine the appropriate level of risk, given our business strategy, operating environment, capital and liquidity requirements, and performance objectives; and to manage that risk in a manner consistent with guidelines approved by the Board.

As a financial institution, we are focused on reducing our exposure to interest rate volatility, which represents our primary market risk. Changes in market interest rates represent the greatest challenge to our financial performance, as such changes can have a significant impact on the level of income and expense recorded on a large portion of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and on the market value of all interest-earning assets, other than those possessing a short term to maturity. To reduce our exposure to changing rates, the Board and management monitor interest rate sensitivity on a regular or as needed basis so that adjustments to the asset and liability mix can be made when deemed appropriate.

The actual duration of held for investment mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities can be significantly impacted by changes in prepayment levels and market interest rates. The level of prepayments may, in turn, be impacted by a variety of factors, including the economy in the region where the underlying mortgages were originated; seasonal factors; demographic variables; and the assumability of the underlying mortgages. However, the factors with the most significant impact on prepayments are market interest rates and the availability of refinancing opportunities.

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Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis

Interest rate sensitivity is monitored through the use of a model that generates estimates of the change in our EVE over a range of interest rate scenarios. EVE is defined as the net present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities, and off-balance sheet contracts. The EVE ratio, under any interest rate scenario, is defined as the EVE in that scenario divided by the market value of assets in the same scenario. The model assumes estimated loan and MBS prepayment rates, current market value spreads, and deposit decay rates and betas.

Based on the information and assumptions in effect at December 31, 2025, the following table sets forth our EVE, assuming the changes in interest rates noted:

Change in Interest Rates (in basis points)

Estimated Percentage Change in Economic Value of Equity

-200 shock

(0.74)%

-100 shock

(0.21)%

+100 shock

(0.87)%

+200 shock

(2.77)%

The net changes in EVE presented in the preceding table are within the parameters approved by the Board.

Accordingly, while the EVE analysis provides an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to, and do not, provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our NII, and may very well differ from actual results.

Interest Rate Risk is also monitored through the use of a model that generates NII simulations over a range of interest rate scenarios. Modeling changes in NII requires that certain assumptions be made which may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. In this regard, the NII analysis presented below assumes that the composition of our interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured, and also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve, regardless of the duration to maturity or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Furthermore, the model does not take into account the benefit of any strategic actions we may take to further reduce our exposure to interest rate risk. The assumptions used in the NII simulation are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ significantly from those presented in the following table, due to the frequency, timing, and magnitude of changes in interest rates; changes in spreads between maturity and repricing categories; and prepayments, among other factors, coupled with any actions taken to counter the effects of any such changes.

At December 31, 2025, the estimated change in net interest income over the next twelve months for a 100 basis point reduction in short term interest rates with no change in long term interest rates is an increase of 1.51% percent and the estimated change for a 100 basis point increase in short term rates is decrease of 1.29% percent.

The following table reflects the estimated percentage change in future NII for the next twelve months. In general, short- and long-term rates are assumed to increase in parallel instantaneously and then remain unchanged. Based on the information and assumptions in effect at December 31, 2025 the changes in interest rates are noted below:

Change in Interest Rates (in basis points)

Estimated Percentage Change in Future Net Interest Income

-200 shock

(1.9)%

-100 shock

(0.9)%

+100 shock

(0.1)%

+200 shock

(0.4)%

The net changes in NII presented in the preceding table are within the parameters approved by our Board.

Future changes in our mix of assets and liabilities may result in greater changes to our EVE, and/or NII simulations.

In the event that our EVE and NII sensitivities were to breach our internal policy limits, we would undertake the following actions to ensure that appropriate remedial measures were put in place:

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•In formulating appropriate strategies, Flagstar's ALCO would ascertain the primary causes of the variance from policy tolerances, the expected term of such conditions, and the projected effect on capital and earnings.

•Our ALCO would inform the Board of the variance, and present recommendations to the Board regarding proposed courses of action to restore conditions to within-policy tolerances.

Where temporary changes in market conditions or volume levels result in significant increases in risk, strategies may involve reducing open positions or employing other balance sheet management activities including the potential use of derivatives to reduce the risk exposure. Where variance from policy tolerances is triggered by more fundamental imbalances in the risk profiles of core loan and deposit products, a remedial strategy may involve restoring balance through natural hedges to the extent possible before employing synthetic hedging techniques. Other strategies might include:

•Asset restructuring, involving sales of assets having higher risk profiles, or a gradual restructuring of the asset mix over time to affect the maturity or repricing schedule of assets;

•Liability restructuring, whereby product offerings and pricing are altered or wholesale borrowings are employed to affect the maturity structure or repricing of liabilities;

•Expansion or shrinkage of the balance sheet to correct imbalances in the repricing or maturity periods between assets and liabilities; and/or

•Use or alteration of off-balance sheet positions, including interest rate swaps, caps, floors, options, and forward purchase or sales commitments.

Regulatory Capital

The Bank is subject to prudential standards applicable to national banks:

•The OCC’s capital adequacy standards establish minimum capital requirements and overall capital adequacy standards.

•The Prompt Corrective Action regulatory capital framework establishes five categories of capital adequacy ranging from “well capitalized” to “critically undercapitalized.” An institution’s capital category affects various matters, including legal requirements for regulators to take prompt corrective action and the level of a bank’s FDIC deposit insurance premium assessments. Capital amounts and classifications are subject to the regulators’ qualitative judgments about the components of capital and risk weighted assets, among other factors. Regulators have the discretion to require capital to be maintained in excess of minimum levels.

•Under regulatory heightened standards, a risk governance framework is required to be developed and maintained to manage and control the risk-taking activities of the Bank. Management has developed a written framework and is implementing the various components in an integrated fashion as underlying business processes mature. Heightened standards also require risk limits, metrics, and analytics which monitor the size and direction of key risks in the organization. We have established risk limits which are monitored by the Board and are continuing to enhance related metrics and analytics.

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As of December 31, 2025, our capital measures continued to exceed the minimum federal requirements. The following tables set forth the Bank's common equity tier 1, tier 1 risk-based, total risk-based, and leverage capital amounts and ratios as well as the respective minimum regulatory capital requirements, as of the dates shown:

Risk-Based Capital

December 31, 2025

Common Equity Tier 1

Tier 1

Total

Leverage Capital

(in millions)

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Amount

Ratio

Actual capital

$

7,845 

12.83 

%

$

8,348 

13.66 

%

$

9,921 

16.23 

%

$

8,348 

9.22 

%

Minimum for capital adequacy purposes

2,751 

4.50 

3,668 

6.00 

4,890 

8.00 

3,623 

4.00 

Excess

$

5,094 

8.33 

%

$

4,680 

7.66 

%

$

5,031 

8.23 

%

$

4,725 

5.22 

%

December 31, 2024

Actual capital

$

7,997 

11.83 

%

$

8,501 

12.57 

%

$

10,238 

15.14 

%

$

8,501 

7.68 

%

Minimum for capital adequacy purposes

3,043 

4.50 

4,057 

6.00 

5,409 

8.00 

4,428 

4.00 

Excess

$

4,954 

7.33 

%

$

4,444 

6.57 

%

$

4,829 

7.14 

%

$

4,073 

3.68 

%

The increase in our capital ratios from December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by lower risk-weighted assets, reflecting a reduction in loans and leases held for investment, particularly in multi-family and CRE exposures.

At December 31, 2025, our total risk-based capital ratio exceeded the minimum requirement for capital adequacy purposes by 823 basis points and the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer by 573 basis points.

At December 31, 2025, the Bank also exceeded the minimum capital requirements to be categorized as “Well Capitalized.” To be categorized as well capitalized, a bank must maintain a minimum common equity tier 1 ratio of 6.50 percent; a minimum tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8 percent; a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 10 percent; and a minimum leverage capital ratio of 5 percent.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect our financial condition, the result of our operations and cash flows. We believe the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are appropriate and the resulting balances are reasonable given the factual circumstances at the time, however, due to the inherent uncertainties in developing estimates, actual results could differ from our estimate, requiring adjustments in future periods. Refer to Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements for our significant accounting policies related to our critical accounting estimates.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL is a critical accounting estimate that requires significant judgment and is inherently subject to uncertainty. The ACL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining contractual life of our loan and lease portfolio, including unfunded commitments, as of the balance sheet date.

The ACL on loans and leases is estimated collectively for pools with similar risk characteristics using models that project probability of default, loss given default, and exposure at default, informed by economic forecasts, borrower and collateral data, and prepayment projections. Portfolio segments include multi-family, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, 1-4 family loans, and other consumer loans. Economic scenarios are sourced from independent third parties and applied over a 24-month reasonable and supportable period, followed by a 12-month straight-line reversion to long-run historical averages. Expected credit losses are calculated over the remaining contractual term, adjusted for expected prepayments, and supplemented by qualitative adjustments for factors not fully captured in models. Loans without shared risk characteristics are assessed individually, often using collateral fair value less costs to sell when collateral dependent.

The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is estimated over the contractual period in which we are exposed to credit risk through obligations to extend credit, unless those obligations are unconditionally cancellable. The estimate reflects the likelihood of funding and expected credit losses on commitments anticipated to be drawn over their estimated life.

The ACL is a critical accounting estimate due to the significant judgment required to develop assumptions and determine appropriate inputs to be considered in the estimate, and the extent of their impact on the ACL. It is difficult to estimate the

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sensitivity of how potential changes in any one assumption or factor might affect the overall reserve because changes in those factors may not occur at the same rate or consistently across all portfolios. Further, changes in inputs and assumptions may also be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor may offset deterioration in others. Because these estimates rely on assumptions about borrower performance and economic conditions, actual credit loss experience may differ materially from expectations, which could significantly affect the allowance and provision for credit losses.

See Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 7 - Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases to our consolidated financial statements for more information on the ACL.