Finwise Bancorp (FINW)

CIK: 0001856365. SIC: 6022 State Commercial Banks. Latest 10-K as of: 2026-03-23.

SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Depository Institutions > SIC 6022 State Commercial Banks

SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1856365. Latest filing source: 0001856365-26-000006.

Selected Fundamentals

Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-03-23. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001856365.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

Flow metrics use full-year FY periods from 10-K/10-K/A filings; balance-sheet metrics use FY-end instants. Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures. Missing metrics are omitted rather than fabricated.

Ratios

ROE and ROA use period-end equity/assets. Liabilities / equity uses total liabilities divided by stockholders' equity. Current ratio uses current assets divided by current liabilities when both are reported.

Financial Charts

Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-12. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001856365.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

Quarterly Charts

Macro Cross-References

• CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
• UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
• FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
• CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
• DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
• DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
• DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
• DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
• T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
• CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
• CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
• CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
• CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
• PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
• PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
• PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
• T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
• U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
• PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
• CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
• EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
• UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
• CE16OV - Employment Level
• ICSA - Initial Claims
• JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
• JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
• GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
• A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
• INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
• TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
• HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
• PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
• RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
• PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
• PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
• M2SL - M2
• BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
• MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
• HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
• RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
• TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
• RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
• TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
• GDP - Gross Domestic Product
• GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
• GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
• PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
• GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
• GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
• FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
• FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
• FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
• MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
• USCONS - All Employees, Construction
• USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
• USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
• USGOVT - All Employees, Government
• AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
• DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
• NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
• BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
• EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
• IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
• IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
• PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand

Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: 0001856365-26-000051.

Extracted structurally from real Item 2 body heading to real Item 3/4 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-05-12. Report date: 2026-03-31.

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is intended as a review and summary of significant factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated and should be read together with our consolidated audited financial statements and related notes thereto included in the 2025 Form 10-K and our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are discussed in the sections of this Report and our 2025 Form 10-K entitled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this Report. We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements except to the extent required by law.

The following discussion pertains to our historical results, on a consolidated basis. However, because we conduct all material business operations through our wholly owned subsidiary, FinWise Bank, the discussion and analysis relates to activities primarily conducted at the subsidiary level.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The accompanying management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report. The preparation of these unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our critical accounting estimates primarily relate to the allowance for credit losses. See Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 in our 2025 Form 10-K for information on our accounting policy related to this critical accounting estimate.

There have been no material changes during the three months ended March 31, 2026 to the methods we used and judgments we made relating to critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2025 Form 10-K.

Business Overview

FinWise Bancorp is a Utah corporation and the parent company of FinWise Bank and FinWise Investment, LLC. Our assets consist primarily of our investment in the Bank and all of our material business activities are conducted through the Bank.

We gather deposits in the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA through our one branch and nationwide from our Strategic Program service providers, SBA 7(a) borrowers, institutional deposit exchanges, brokered deposit arrangements and other deposit sources. Attracting nationwide deposits from the general public, businesses and other financial institutions, and investing those deposits, together with borrowings and other sources of funds, is also critical to our banking business.

Our banking business offers a diverse range of commercial and retail banking products and services, and consists primarily of originating loans in a variety of sectors. While our commercial and residential real estate lending and other products and services offered from our branch continue to be concentrated in and around the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA, our third-party loan origination relationships have allowed us to expand into markets across the United States. These relationships were developed to support our ability to generate significant loan volume across diverse consumer and commercial markets and have been the primary source of our growth and our consistent ability to operate profitability since developing the third-party loan origination business.

Our financial condition and results of operations depend primarily on our ability to originate loans and leases directly, or by using our strategic relationships with third-party loan origination platforms, to earn interest and non-interest income.

Our lending focuses on two main lending areas: (1) traditional lending which includes SBA 7(a) loans, residential and commercial real estate, and commercial leasing; and (2) Strategic Programs lending which includes held-for-sale, credit enhanced, and retained loans. For a description and analysis of the Company’s loan categories, see “Financial Condition.”

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Reportable Segments

Historically, we managed our business as a single operating and reportable segment. In the third quarter of 2025, after completing a technology initiative to capture and report segment-specific financial data, we revised our reportable segments. Due to significant operational growth and how our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews operating results and allocates resources, we manage our business through three reportable segments: traditional banking, banking as a service (“BaaS”) and treasury and administration. It is not practicable to provide prior period reportable segment results as segregating the data in a meaningful way would require unreasonable effort due to limitations in historical records.

The traditional banking segment provides loan and deposit products and services to consumers and businesses nationally and in and around the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA. The BaaS segment provides lending, card and payments solutions nationally to fintech brands. The treasury and administration segment consists of investments, deposits sourced nationally to support the business segments, and other items not specific to the traditional banking or BaaS segments.

Executive Summary

This executive summary provides certain 2026 and 2025 consolidated financial highlights from the discussion and analysis that follows:

•For the three months ended March 31, 2026, originations increased to $1.7 billion from $1.3 billion when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2025. New strategic programs and organic growth through certain established strategic programs contributed to the increase in loan originations.

•Net interest margin (“NIM”) was 12.90% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to 8.27% for the three months ended March 31, 2025. NIM is impacted by income earned from interest-earning assets and interest costs incurred on interest-bearing liabilities.

•We generated $2.7 million and $3.2 million of net income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The decrease in net income was primarily impacted by higher net-charge offs, which led to an increased provision for credit losses within our traditional banking portfolio.This increase in provision for credit losses had a negative impact on our after-tax net income for the period.

•Total assets decreased by $77.7 million to $899.4 million as of March 31, 2026 compared to December 31, 2025, principally due to decreases in interest-bearing cash deposits, loans held-for-sale and loans-held-for-investment.

Results of Operations

Net Income Overview

The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended

March 31,

($ in thousands)

2026

2025

% Change

Interest income

$

33,541 

$

18,536 

81.0 

%

Interest expense

(5,451)

(4,256)

28.1 

%

Net interest income

28,090 

14,280 

96.7 

%

Provision for credit losses

(10,581)

(3,336)

217.2 

%

Non-interest income

14,627 

7,810 

87.3 

%

Non-interest expense

(28,338)

(14,318)

97.9 

%

Provision for income taxes

(1,063)

(1,247)

(14.8)

%

Net income

$

2,735 

$

3,189 

(14.2)

%

Net Interest Income and NIM

Net interest income was the primary contributor to our earnings in 2026 and 2025. Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as “volume changes.” It

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is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds, referred to as “rate changes.”

Net interest income increased for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025 primarily due to an increase in the Bank’s average balance of credit enhanced loans, an increase in average balances in the Strategic Program loans held-for-sale portfolio of $45.0 million, and a a change in estimate on the allocation of interest received on credit enhanced loans in excess of the amount FinWise retains. FinWise now estimates that all excess interest is attributable to servicing and credit guarantee expense where previously it had been estimated that a portion was attributable to originations costs, or finders fee, and was reported net in interest income.

NIM increased to 12.90% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 from 8.27% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily attributable to the growth of the credit enhanced loan portfolio and the change in estimated allocation of the excess interest as previously described above and the average balance growth in the credit enhanced portfolio.

Average Balances and Yields. The following table presents average balances for assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income from interest-earning assets, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, the resulting average yields and costs, and NIM. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing the annualized income or expense by the average balances for assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented. The weighted average yields and rates include amortization of fees, costs, premiums and discounts, which are considered adjustments to yield/rates. Average balances have been calculated using daily averages.

Three Months Ended March 31,

2026

2025

($ in thousands)

Average

Balance

Interest

Average

Yield/Cost

Average

Balance

Interest

Average

Yield/Cost

Interest-earning assets:

Interest-bearing deposits

$

124,353 

$

1,130 

3.68

%

$

92,794 

$

991 

4.33

%

Investment securities

37,428 

339 

3.68

%

42,314 

390 

3.74

%

Loans held-for-sale

124,635 

5,315 

17.29

%

79,612 

4,264 

21.72

%

Loans held-for-investment(1)

596,385 

26,757 

18.20

%

485,780 

12,891 

10.76

%

Total interest-earning assets

882,801 

33,541 

15.41

%

700,500 

18,536 

10.73

%

Noninterest-earning assets

66,275 

54,184 

Total assets

$

949,076 

$

754,684 

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Demand

$

80,662 

$

667 

3.35

%

$

76,403 

$

670 

3.56

%

Savings

10,447 

28 

1.09

%

9,247 

7 

0.30

%

Money market accounts

24,447 

214 

3.55

%

17,884 

163 

3.70

%

Certificates of deposit

450,196 

4,542 

4.09

%

326,920 

3,416 

4.24

%

Total deposits

565,752 

5,451 

3.91

%

430,454 

4,256 

4.01

%

Other borrowings

— 

— 

—

%

48 

— 

0.35

%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

565,752 

5,451 

3.91

%

430,502 

4,256 

4.01

%

Noninterest-bearing deposits

145,917 

119,501 

Noninterest-bearing liabilities

42,982 

29,644 

Shareholders’ equity

194,425 

175,037 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$

949,076 

$

754,684 

Net interest income and interest rate spread(2)

$

28,090 

11.50

%

$

14,280 

6.72

%

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Latest 10-K MD&A

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-03-23. Report date: 2025-12-31.

Item 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this Report.

Overview

FinWise Bancorp, Inc. is a Utah corporation and the parent company of FinWise Bank and FinWise Investment, LLC. The Company is a registered bank holding company that is subject to supervision by Utah Department of Financial Institutions (“UDFI”) and the Federal Reserve. The Company’s assets consist primarily of its investment in the Bank and all of its material business activities are conducted through the Bank. As a Utah state-chartered bank that is not a member of the Federal Reserve System, the Bank is separately subject to regulations and supervision by both the UDFI and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Bank’s deposits are federally insured up to the maximum legal limits.

Our banking business is our only business line. Our banking business offers a diverse range of commercial and retail banking products and services, and consists primarily of originating loans in a variety of sectors. Attracting nationwide deposits from the general public, businesses and other financial institutions, and investing those deposits, together with borrowings, capital and other sources of funds, is also critical to our banking business. While our commercial and residential real estate lending and other products and services offered from our branch continue to be concentrated in and around the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA, our third-party loan origination relationships have allowed us to expand into markets across the United States. These relationships were developed to support our ability to generate significant loan volume across diverse consumer and commercial markets and have been the primary source of our growth and our consistent ability to operate profitability since developing our third-party loan origination business. Our track record has demonstrated that our products and delivery of the products help deliver sustainable asset growth and strong profitability, and that the characteristics of our business model enhances our ability to manage credit risk. We gather deposits in the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA through our one branch and nationwide from our Strategic Program service providers, SBA 7(a) borrowers, institutional deposit exchanges, brokered deposit arrangements and other deposit sources.

Our financial condition and results of operations depend primarily on our ability to (i) originate loans and leases directly, or by using our strategic relationships with third-party loan origination platforms to earn interest and non-interest income, (ii) effectively manage credit and other risks throughout the Bank, (iii) attract and retain low cost, stable deposits, and (iv) efficiently operate in compliance with applicable regulations.

Our lending focuses on two main lending areas: (i) traditional lending which includes SBA 7(a) loans, residential and commercial real estate, and commercial leasing; and (ii) Strategic Programs lending which includes held-for-sale, credit enhanced, and retained loans. For a description and analysis of the Company’s loan categories, see “Financial Condition.”

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates are based on historical experience and other reasonable assumptions under current circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily determinable from other sources. We review these estimates regularly. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Management considers the determination of our allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting estimate, as it involves making difficult, subjective, or complex judgments about inherently uncertain matters. Changes in this estimate, whether due to evolving circumstances from period to period or the use of other reasonable assumptions, could materially affect our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. For further details on our accounting policy related to this estimate, refer to Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8.

Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”). The ACL represents management’s estimate of expected credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost. The ACL is evaluated and measured on a collective basis for loans that share similar risk characteristics. At each reporting date, we assess whether loans within a given pool continue to exhibit similar risk characteristics or whether certain loans should be evaluated individually. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of each loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. Accordingly, assumptions regarding loan life may have a

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significant impact on the ACL. The Company segments its loan portfolio in a manner consistent with how credit risk is managed.

The Company utilizes multiple approaches to estimate expected credit losses, depending on the loan segment:

•Approach: For certain loan segments, the Company applies a non-discounted cash flow approach using loan‑level assumptions and relevant information from internal and external sources related to historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

•Approach: For other loan segments, the Company employs a vintage‑based approach that evaluates cumulative loss performance by origination period. Expected losses for each product are anchored to the most severe loss experience observed for comparable vintages at a similar stage of seasoning. This methodology is designed to conservatively estimate losses over the life of the product, even for unseasoned vintages.

The ACL also includes qualitative reserves for expected losses that may not be fully captured by the quantitative models. Qualitative factors considered include, among others, general business and economic conditions, borrower financial condition, and the volume and severity of past‑due and nonaccrual loans. Based on this assessment, the Company records a provision for credit losses to maintain the ACL at a level deemed appropriate by management.

The determination of the ACL is considered a critical accounting estimate, as it requires significant judgment and the use of subjective assumptions, including management’s evaluation of overall portfolio quality. The Company maintains the ACL at an amount it believes is sufficient to cover expected credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of each balance sheet date. Changes in economic conditions or portfolio composition may result in fluctuations in the provision for credit losses.

The ACL increased from $13.2 million at December 31, 2024, to $36.8 million at December 31, 2025. This increase was primarily driven by growth in loan balances, including a significant increase in credit‑enhanced balances, which increased from $0.9 million at December 31, 2024 to $108.1 million at December 31, 2025. For additional information, see Note 3 – Loans to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8.

Changes in assumptions and estimates may materially affect the ACL and, in turn, the Company’s financial position, liquidity, and results of operations. To assess the sensitivity of the ACL to changes in key assumptions, management performed a hypothetical sensitivity analysis focused on the national unemployment forecast. All model inputs and assumptions were held constant except for unemployment, which was stressed from the baseline 12-month forecast provided by Fannie Mae (ranging from 4.5% to 4.6%) to a theoretical 9.0% over the full 12 month forecast period. Incorporating this stressed forecast into both the quantitative and qualitative components of the CECL framework resulted in an incremental $1.7 million increase in the ACL, representing an approximate 4.7% increase. This stressed forecast scenario would have the allowance to total loans and leases increase from 6.3% to 6.5% at December 31, 2025.

Executive Summary

This executive summary provides certain 2025 and 2024 consolidated financial highlights from the discussion and analysis that follows:

•Originations of total loans increased by $1.1 billion to $6.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. New strategic programs and organic growth through certain established strategic programs contributed to the increase in loan originations.

•Net interest margin (“NIM”) was 9.23% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 9.99% for the year ended December 31, 2024. NIM is impacted by income earned from interest-earning assets and interest costs incurred on interest-bearing liabilities.

•FinWise generated net income of $16.1 million and $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Net income increased as we benefited from the past investment in expansion of our product offerings.

•Total assets increased by $231.2 million to $977.1 million as of December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, principally in our Strategic Program loans held-for-sale and credit enhanced Strategic Program loans held-for-investment. We believe our strong capital levels support our current and planned growth strategy.

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Fintech Relationships and Program Launches

During the year ended December 31, 2025, we developed the following relationships and program offerings with fintech companies:

•We announced our new strategic lending program with Backd Business Funding (“Backd”) to provide business installment loans to small and medium-sized businesses. We also provided Backd with access to our credit enhanced balance sheet program.

•We entered into a strategic program agreement with DreamFi, Inc. to support underserved and underbanked communities.

•We entered into a program management, network issuer processor and servicer agreement with Tallied Technologies, Inc. (“Tallied”) with the intent to deliver credit card products and card processing solutions to Fintechs, their businesses, and their customers. As a result of this partnership, FinWise issued two Mastercard co-branded credit cards and purchased an existing credit card portfolio. FinWise will serve as the issuing bank, provide compliance and risk management oversight and credit enhanced balance sheet support for the card programs.

•Launched existing partner Plannery on MoneyRailsTM for payment servicing of loans that the Bank originates.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we entered into the following new strategic program relationships:

•FinWise Bank and Albert entered into a strategic partnership to jointly launch lending products.

•We enhanced our portfolio of private student loan products through our new strategic lending program with Earnest, to help students and their families with education financing.

•We announced our strategic payments program with FUTR Payments (formerly Hank Payments Corp.) to support automated payment processing and remittance capabilities.

•We announced our new strategic lending program with Plannery to offer a debt consolidation platform exclusively for healthcare professionals. Additionally, we are providing Plannery with access to our Credit Enhancement Program.

•We announced the launch of a new strategic lending program with PowerPay to offer consumers a simple and affordable lending solution for home improvement and elective health care purchases.

Our Payments (MoneyRails™) and Bank Identification Number (“BIN”) Sponsorship products which, together with our Strategic Programs, comprise the Bank’s Fintech Banking and Payment Solutions offerings. Payments (MoneyRails™) connects our customers to the Bank’s API-driven banking services ledger.

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Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated:

Years Ended

December 31,

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

Interest income

$

92,478 

$

74,352 

Interest expense

(20,295)

(15,440)

Net interest income

72,183 

58,912 

Provision for credit losses

(38,573)

(11,573)

Non-interest income

58,483 

22,485 

Non-interest expense

(70,333)

(52,835)

Provision for income taxes

(5,669)

(4,247)

Net income

$

16,091 

$

12,742 

Net Interest Income and NIM

Net interest income was the primary contributor to our earnings in 2025 and 2024. Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as “volume changes.” It is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds, referred to as “rate changes.”

Net interest income increased $13.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to volume increases in the loans held-for-investment and loans held-for-sale portfolios and was partially offset by increased volume in the certificates of deposit portfolio. Average interest-earning assets increased by $192.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, while the related yield on average interest earning assets decreased by 77 basis points to 11.83%. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $166.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, while the related cost of funds decreased 55 basis points to 4.02%.

NIM decreased to 9.23% for the year ended December 31, 2025 from 9.99% for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily as a result of our increased lending to lower risk borrowers with lower yields on loans as part of our strategy to reduce average credit risk in the loan portfolio, which was offset in part by the growth in the higher yielding credit enhanced portfolio of $107.2 million.

Average Balances and Yields. The following table presents average balances for assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income from interest-earning assets, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, the resulting average yields and costs, and NIM. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing the annualized income or expense by the average balances for assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented. The weighted average yields and rates include amortization of fees, costs, premiums and discounts, which are considered adjustments to yield/rates. Average balances have been calculated using daily averages. Loan fees are included in interest income on loans and represent net fees of approximately $2.0 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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Years Ended December 31,

2025

2024

($ in thousands)

Average

Balance

Interest

Average

Yield/Rate

Average

Balance

Interest

Average

Yield/Rate

Interest-earning assets:

Interest-bearing deposits

$

93,107 

$

3,902 

4.19

%

$

87,086 

$

4,563 

5.24

%

Investment securities

40,449 

1,489 

3.68

%

26,691 

897 

3.36

%

Loans held-for-sale

112,778 

21,884 

19.40

%

58,896 

17,698 

30.05

%

Loans held-for-investment(1)

535,671 

65,203 

12.17

%

417,207 

51,194 

12.27

%

Total interest-earning assets

782,005 

92,478 

11.83

%

589,880 

74,352 

12.60

%

Noninterest-earning assets

57,484 

47,598 

Total assets

$

839,489 

$

637,478 

Interest-bearing liabilities:

Demand

$

71,824 

$

2,542 

3.54

%

$

59,317 

$

2,108 

3.55

%

Savings

10,768 

123 

1.14

%

9,574 

66 

0.69

%

Money market accounts

20,376 

763 

3.75

%

12,284 

452 

3.68

%

Certificates of deposit

401,302 

16,867 

4.20

%

256,575 

12,814 

4.99

%

Total deposits

504,270 

20,295 

4.02

%

337,750 

15,440 

4.57

%

Other borrowings

13 

— 

0.05

%

126 

— 

0.34

%

Total interest-bearing liabilities

504,283 

20,295 

4.02

%

337,876 

15,440 

4.57

%

Noninterest-bearing deposits

125,490 

107,760 

Noninterest-bearing liabilities

28,055 

26,634 

Shareholders’ equity

181,661 

165,208 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$

839,489 

$

637,478 

Net interest income and interest rate spread(2)

$

72,183 

7.80

%

$

58,912 

8.03

%

Net interest margin(3)

9.23

%

9.99

%

Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities

155.07

%

174.58

%

(1) Loans placed on nonaccrual status are included in loan balances. See “Nonperforming Assets” below.

(2) Interest spread is the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets, less the weighted average rate incurred on interest-bearing liabilities.

(3) Net interest margin is net interest income, expressed as a percentage of average earning assets.

Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income based on average balances. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in average rate. The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in average volume. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to changes in both average rate and average volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionally based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.

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Year Ended December 31,

2025 vs. 2024

Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in

($ in thousands)

Rate

Volume

Total

Interest income:

Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks

$

(1,010)

$

349 

$

(661)

Investment securities

92 

500 

592 

Loans held-for-sale

(2,645)

6,831 

4,186 

Loans held-for-investment

(407)

14,416 

14,009 

Total interest income

(3,970)

22,096 

18,126 

Interest expense:

Demand

(6)

440 

434 

Savings

48 

9 

57 

Money market accounts

9 

302 

311 

Certificates of deposit

(1,581)

5,634 

4,053 

Other borrowings

— 

— 

— 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

(1,530)

6,385 

4,855 

Net interest income

$

(2,440)

$

15,711 

$

13,271 

Provision for Credit Losses

The following table presents the components of the provision for credit losses for the periods indicated:

Years Ended

December 31,

Change

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

$

%

Provision for credit losses:

Strategic Program loans - with credit enhancement

$

23,924 

$

111 

$

23,813 

21,453.2 

%

Strategic Program loans - without credit enhancement

8,611 

7,729 

882 

11.4 

%

All other loans

5,944 

3,408 

2,536 

74.4 

%

Provision for credit losses on loans

38,479 

11,248 

27,231 

242.1 

%

Provision for unfunded commitments

94 

325 

(231)

(71.1)

%

Provision for credit losses

$

38,573 

$

11,573 

$

27,000 

233.3 

%

The provision for credit losses is a charge to income to bring our ACL to a level deemed appropriate by management and approved by our board of directors. We determine the provision for credit losses monthly in connection with our evaluation of the adequacy of our ACL. For a description of the factors we considered in determining the ACL see Allowance for credit losses presented in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in Part II, Item 8.

The increase in the provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024 resulted primarily from growth in the credit enhancement loan portfolio as well as higher net charge-offs resulting from the adoption of more conservative servicing and administration standards which prompted an accelerated classification of nonperforming loans and charge-offs.

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Non-interest Income

The following table presents the major categories of non-interest income for the periods indicated:

Years Ended

December 31,

Change

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

$

%

Non-interest income:

Strategic Program fees

$

22,024 

$

17,762 

$

4,262 

24.0 

%

Gain on sale of loans, net

6,373 

2,036 

4,337 

213.0 

%

SBA loan servicing fees, net

(156)

1,137 

(1,293)

(113.7)

%

Change in fair value on investment in BFG

1,300 

(625)

1,925 

308.0 

%

Credit enhancement income

23,924 

111 

23,813 

21,453.2 

%

Other miscellaneous income

5,018 

2,064 

2,954 

143.1 

%

Total non-interest income

$

58,483 

$

22,485 

$

35,998 

160.1 

%

The increase in total non-interest income for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to increases in credit enhanced loan balances of $107.2 million which generated higher credit enhancement income. Additionally, the increased sales of the guaranteed portions of SBA 7(a) loans led to an increase in gains on loan sales, while higher originations resulted in increased Strategic Program fees. Other miscellaneous income also increased, largely because of a charge in the prior year period of $0.9 million to remove unamortized broker premiums upon calling $160.0 million of callable certificates of deposits, an increase in dividends received from our investment in BFG of $0.9 million as well as an increase in operating lease rental income of $1.0 million. Offsetting these non-interest income increases in part was a decrease in SBA loan servicing fees, net, due to an increase in the provision for SBA servicing losses resulting from a change in assumptions used in valuing the SBA servicing asset.

Non-interest Expense

Non-interest expense has increased as we have grown and as we have expanded and modernized our operational infrastructure and continued to implement our plan to build an efficient, integrated fintech banking operation with significant capacity for growth.

The following table presents the major categories of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

Years Ended

December 31,

Change

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

$

%

Non-interest expense:

Salaries and employee benefits

$

42,288 

$

35,205 

$

7,083 

20.1 

%

Professional services

3,630 

4,736 

(1,106)

(23.4)

%

Occupancy and equipment expenses

1,877 

2,179 

(302)

(13.9)

%

Credit enhancement servicing expense

1,222 

1 

1,221 

112,134.6 

%

Credit enhancement guarantee expense

8,533 

8 

8,525 

111,846.3 

%

Other operating expenses

12,783 

10,706 

2,077 

19.4 

%

Total non-interest expense

$

70,333 

$

52,835 

$

17,498 

33.1 

%

The increase in total non-interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to an increase in credit enhancement program expenses related to growth in credit enhanced loans and an increase in salaries and employee benefits of which $1.7 million was attributable to the amortization of deferred compensation awards incurred to retain and motivate our employees. The increases in other operating expenses were primarily due to expenditures on computer software of $1.5 million and operating lease depreciation of $0.8 million.

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Partially offsetting these non-interest expense increases was a decrease in professional services primarily resulting from a reduction in contract services of $1.0 million connected to the development of various programs that launched during 2025.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes totaled $5.7 million at an effective tax rate of 26.1% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $4.2 million at an effective tax rate of 25.0% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in provision for income taxes and the effective tax rate from the prior year period was principally due to an increase in the exclusion of compensation expense for highly compensated individuals and the apportionment of income between states with various tax rates.

Net Income

The increase in net income for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily the result of the factors discussed in the foregoing sections.

Segment Results

As further described in Note 17, Segments, in Part I, Item 8 of this Report, during the third quarter of 2025, we implemented segment reporting following the completion of a technology initiative to capture segment-specific financial data and develop reports used by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to review our financial performance and determine how to allocate resources. Our operations are comprised of three reportable segments: traditional banking, banking as a service and treasury and administration.

The traditional banking segment provides loan and deposit products and services to consumers and businesses nationally and in and around the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA. The BaaS segment provides lending, card and payments solutions nationally to fintech brands. The treasury and administration segment consists of investments, deposits sourced nationally to support the business segments, interest charged to the traditional banking and BaaS segments on funding provided to those businesses, and other items not specific to the traditional banking or BaaS segments.

For periods prior to July 1, 2025, our operations were managed and reported as a single segment, and historical financial data by segment was not maintained. Accordingly, it is not practicable to present segment information for prior periods. In the segment reporting below, a non-GAAP subtotal is shown, captioned “Income before other operating expense allocation”. That subtotal presents an income subtotal before consideration of allocated corporate expenses which might be fixed, semi-fixed or otherwise resist changes without regard to a particular line of business. The following table provides segment information for the period indicated (dollars in thousands):

For the Year Ended December 31, 2025

Traditional Banking

BaaS

Treasury/Other

Intersegment Eliminations(1)

Total

Interest income

$

33,438 

$

53,673 

$

18,611 

$

(13,244)

$

92,478 

Interest expense

13,992 

2,957 

16,590 

(13,244)

20,295 

Net interest income

19,446 

50,716 

2,021 

— 

72,183 

Non-interest income

12,448 

44,582 

2,804 

— 

59,834 

Non-interest expense:

Salaries and benefits

4,241 

8,951 

818 

— 

14,010 

Other non-interest expense

5,389 

14,340 

346 

— 

20,075 

Provision for credit losses

5,917 

32,656 

— 

— 

38,573 

Income before other operating expense allocations

16,347 

39,351 

3,661 

— 

59,359 

Other operating expense allocations

12,450 

25,149 

— 

— 

37,599 

Income before taxes

3,897 

14,202 

3,661 

— 

21,760 

Income tax expense

1,015 

3,700 

954 

— 

5,669 

Net income

$

2,882 

$

10,502 

$

2,707 

$

— 

$

16,091 

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(1) Interest income and expense are allocated to segments based on their respective funding requirements using an internal transfer pricing methodology. The treasury and administration segment earns interest income from providing funds to the traditional banking and BaaS segments, and incurs interest expense for the deposits or borrowings obtained to support the businesses. The internal interest flows are eliminated at the consolidated level through the intersegment/eliminations column.

The BaaS segment’s strong performance for the year ended December 31, 2025 underscores the success of our Strategic Program initiatives, while traditional banking continues to provide a stable business. Treasury and administration remains focused on optimizing liquidity and supporting the funding needs of our other operating segments.

Looking ahead, we expect continued growth in BaaS as we expand our fintech partnerships and product offerings. Traditional banking performance will be influenced by interest rate trends and treasury and administration will remain focused on optimizing liquidity and supporting business growth. We continue to monitor regulatory developments and market conditions that may impact segment performance.

Financial Condition

The following table summarizes selected components of our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.

As of

December 31,

Change

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

$

%

Interest-bearing deposits in other banks

$

151,318 

$

99,562 

$

51,756 

52.0 

%

Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value

27,755 

29,930 

(2,175)

(7.3)

%

Investment securities held-to-maturity, net

9,927 

12,565 

(2,638)

(21.0)

%

Strategic Program loans held-for-sale, at lower of cost or fair value

146,473 

91,588 

54,885 

59.9 

%

Loans held-for-investment, net

541,551 

447,812 

93,739 

20.9 

%

Total assets

977,135 

745,976 

231,159 

31.0 

%

Deposits

754,561 

544,952 

209,609 

38.5

%

Total liabilities

783,940 

572,256 

211,684 

37.0 

%

Total shareholders' equity

193,195 

173,720 

19,475 

11.2 

%

Total equity to total assets

19.8 

%

23.3 

%

(3.5)

%

Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Banks

The increase in interest-bearing deposits in other banks from December 31, 2025 to December 31, 2024, was primarily due to deposits received in late December from strategic partners with student loan programs in anticipation of increased activity in January 2026. Aside from minimal balances held with our correspondent banks, the majority of our interest-bearing deposits are held at the Federal Reserve.

Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital requirements.

We classify investment securities as either held-to-maturity (“HTM”) or available-for-sale (“AFS”) based on our intentions and our ability to hold such securities until maturity. In determining such classifications, securities that we have the intent and the ability to hold until maturity are classified as HTM and carried at amortized cost. All other securities are designated as AFS and carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in shareholders’ equity on an after-tax basis.

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The following table summarizes the weighted-average yields of our investment securities at December 31, 2025. The weighted average yield of investment securities was calculated using the sum of all interest that the investments generate, divided by the average book value. There are no tax-exempt securities.

1 Year or Less

1 - 5 Years

5 - 10 Years

Over 10 Years

Total

Securities available-for-sale:

U.S. Treasuries

4.32 

%

4.18 

%

— 

%

— 

%

4.19 

%

Securities held-to-maturity:

Mortgage-backed securities

— 

%

3.34 

%

1.33 

%

1.80 

%

1.82 

%

Collateralized mortgage obligations

— 

%

3.14 

%

— 

%

2.53 

%

2.61 

%

Total

4.32 

%

4.14 

%

1.33 

%

2.22 

%

3.66 

%

There were no sales or transfers of investment securities between classifications during the years ended December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

At December 31, 2025, there were seventeen securities, consisting of eight collateralized mortgage obligations and nine mortgage-backed securities, in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2025 and twenty-two securities, consisting of four U.S. Treasuries, eight collateralized mortgage obligations and ten mortgage-backed securities, in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2024.

Strategic Program Loans Held-for-Sale

We, through our Strategic Program service providers, offer unsecured and secured consumer and business loans to borrowers within certain approved credit profiles nationwide. Loans originated through these programs are limited to predetermined Bank underwriting criteria, which has been approved by our board of directors. We generally retain the loans and/or receivables for one to four business days after origination before selling the loans and/or receivables to the Strategic Program provider or another investor. Interest income is earned by us while holding the loans. These loans are classified as held-for-sale on the balance sheet and measured at the lower of cost or market.

Our Strategic Program loans held-for-sale increased $54.9 million as of December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, primarily as a result of greater hold periods for new originations for certain programs and a higher level of originations in 2025 compared to 2024.

Loans Held-for-Investment Portfolio

Through our diversification efforts we have built a portfolio that we believe positions us to withstand economic shifts. For example, we focus on industries and loan types that have historically lower loss rates such as professional, scientific and technical services (including law firms), non-store retailers (e-commerce), and ambulatory healthcare services.

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The following table summarizes our gross loan portfolio held-for-investment by loan program as of the periods indicated:

As of December 31,

2025

2024

($ in thousands)

Amount

% of

total

loans

Amount

% of

total

loans

SBA(1)

$

205,615 

35.1

%

$

255,056 

54.8

%

Commercial leases

78,743 

13.4

%

70,153 

15.1

%

Commercial, non real estate

4,201 

0.7

%

3,691 

0.8

%

Residential real estate

59,602 

10.2

%

51,574 

11.1

%

Strategic Program loans:

Strategic Program loans - with credit enhancement

108,131 

18.5

%

891 

0.2

%

Strategic Program loans - without credit enhancement

21,637 

3.7

%

19,231 

4.1

%

Commercial real estate:

Owner occupied

84,016 

14.3

%

41,046 

8.8

%

Non-owner occupied

1,638 

0.3

%

1,379 

0.3

%

Consumer

21,926 

3.8

%

22,212 

4.8

%

Total loans held-for-investment, gross

$

585,509 

100.0 

%

$

465,233 

100.0 

%

(1)SBA loans as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 include $102.7 million and $158.7 million, respectively, of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA.

We manage our loan portfolio based on factors that include concentrations per loan program and aggregated portfolio, industry of operation and geographies. We also monitor the impact of identified and estimated losses on capital as well as the pricing characteristics of each product. The following provides a general description and the risk characteristics relevant to each of our loan products. Each loan is assigned a risk grade during the origination and closing process by credit administration personnel based on criteria described later in this section. We analyze the resulting ratings, as well as other external statistics and factors such as delinquency, to track the migration performance of the portfolio balances. This ratings analysis is performed at least quarterly.

SBA

We originate and service loans partially guaranteed by the SBA under its Section 7(a) loan program for small businesses and professionals throughout the United States. Through our diversification efforts, we have built an SBA 7(a) portfolio that we believe positions us to better withstand economic shifts. For example, we focus on industries such as non-store retailers (e-commerce), ambulatory healthcare services, professional, scientific and technical services (including law firms), and merchant wholesalers.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had total SBA 7(a) loans of $205.6 million and $255.1 million, respectively, representing 35.1% and 54.8% of our total loans held-for-investment, respectively. Loans are sourced primarily through our referral relationship with BFG. Although BFG actively markets throughout the United States, we have developed a lending presence in the New York and New Jersey geographies due to its physical location in New York. The maximum SBA 7(a) loan amount is $5.0 million. Underwriting is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. These loans may be secured by commercial and residential mortgages as well as liens on business assets. In addition to typical underwriting metrics, we review the nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business and management experience to help us target loans that we believe have lower credit risk. The SBA 7(a) program generally provides 50%, 75%, 85% and 90% guarantees for eligible SBA 7(a) loans. The guaranty is conditional and covers a portion of the risk of payment default by the borrower, but not the risk of improper underwriting, closing or servicing by the lender. As such, prudent underwriting, closing and servicing processes are essential to effective utilization of the SBA 7(a) program. Historically, we have generally sold the SBA-guaranteed portion (typically 75% of the principal balance) of a majority of the loans we originate at a premium in the secondary market while retaining all servicing rights and the unguaranteed portion. In light of suppressed gain-on-sale premiums and increasing variable loan rates during 2023, we retained on our balance sheet a greater percentage of the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans that we originated than we have historically, which we believe will benefit us through stronger government guaranteed held-for-investment

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loan growth and an increased recurring stream of interest income and partially offset the decline in gain-on-sale revenue. During the third quarter of 2024 and considering the wider spreads on sale of SBA loans available, FinWise resumed selling limited amounts of SBA loans.

Commercial leases

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had total commercial leases of $78.7 million and $70.2 million, respectively, representing 13.4% and 15.1% of our total loans held-for-investment, respectively. Underwriting for smaller credit requests is generally scorecard-based. Underwriting for smaller credit requests from customers is generally based on an internal credit scorecard, incorporating several customer and structure attributes including: severity and aging of delinquency; number of credit inquiries; loan-to-value ratio; term; and payment-to-income ratio. We periodically update our underwriting scorecard, which can have an impact on our credit tier scoring. Underwriting for larger credit requests from customers is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source considered is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow (when applicable) and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. The nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business, management experience, repayment ability, credit history, ratio calculations and assessment of collateral adequacy are also underwriting considerations. These leases are generally secured by liens on business assets leased or purchased with our funds. Historically, we have retained these leases on our balance sheet for investment; however, we may sell leases to certain purchasers from time to time.

Commercial, non-real estate

Commercial non-real estate loans consist of loans and leases made to commercial enterprises that are not secured by real estate. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had total commercial non-real estate loans of $4.2 million and $3.7 million, respectively, representing 0.7% and 0.8% of our total loans held-for-investment, respectively. Any loan, lease, line of credit, or letter of credit (including any unfunded commitments) and any interest obtained in such loans made by another lender to individuals, sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, or other business enterprises for commercial, industrial, agricultural, or professional purposes, not secured by real estate, but not for personal expenditure purposes are included in this category. For example, commercial vehicle term loans and commercial working capital term loans are included in this product loan category. Underwriting is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow (when applicable) and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. The nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business, management experience, repayment ability, credit history, ratio calculations and assessment of collateral adequacy are all considerations. These loans are generally secured by liens on business assets. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

Residential real estate

Residential real estate loans include construction, lot and land development loans that are for the purpose of acquisition and development of property to be improved through the construction of residential buildings, and loans secured by other residential real estate. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had total residential real estate loans of $59.6 million and $51.6 million, respectively, representing 10.2% and 11.1% of our total loans held-for-investment, respectively. Construction loans are usually paid off through the conversion to permanent financing from third-party lending institutions. Lot loans may be paid off as the borrower converts to a construction loan. At the completion of the construction project, if the loan is converted to permanent financing by us or if scheduled loan amortization begins, it is then reclassified from construction to single-family dwelling. Underwriting of construction and development loans typically includes analysis of the general market conditions associated with the area and type of project being funded in addition to the borrower’s financial condition and ability to meet the required debt obligation. These loans are generally secured by mortgages for residential property located primarily in the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA, and we obtain guarantees from responsible parties. Historically, we have retained these loans on our consolidated balance sheets for investment.

Strategic Program loans

Through our Strategic Program service providers, we issue unsecured and secured consumer and business loans to borrowers within certain approved credit profiles nationwide. Although we have generally sold most of these loans, we may choose to hold more of the funded loans and/or receivables based on a number of factors including the amount of our available capital. Loans originated through the Strategic Program are limited to predetermined Bank underwriting criteria, which has been approved by our board of directors. The primary form of repayment on these loans is from the borrower’s personal or business cash flow. Secured loans are secured by liens on consumer or business assets, as applicable. We reserve the right to sell any portion of funded loans and/or receivables directly to the Strategic Program service providers or

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other investors. We generally retain the legal right to service all these loans, but contract with the Strategic Program service provider or another approved sub-servicer to service these loans on our behalf.

Strategic Program loans with credit enhancement

The Strategic Program loans with credit enhancement are distinct from our traditional loan portfolio in that the sponsoring fintech company guarantees the credit and fraud losses associated with these loans. Credit enhanced Strategic Program loans totaled $108.1 million and $0.9 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, representing 18.5% and 0.2% of our total loans held-for-investment, respectively. This significant increase reflects the expansion of the credit enhanced program and its impact on our balance sheet. The Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report below further details the impact of the credit enhancement program on our allowance for credit losses and related non-GAAP financial measures.

Strategic Program loans without credit enhancement

Strategic Program loans without credit enhancement totaled $21.6 million and $19.2 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, representing 3.7% and 4.1% of our total loans held-for-investment, respectively. Unlike the credit enhanced loans, these non-credit enhanced loans do not benefit from a third-party guarantee or indemnification of credit and fraud losses by the Strategic Program service provider. As a result, the Bank retains the full credit and fraud losses associated with these loans, and they are subject to our standard credit risk management, monitoring, and allowance for credit losses under the CECL model. The accounting for non-credit enhanced Strategic Program loans is consistent with our other held-for-investment loan portfolios. While the non-credit enhanced Strategic Program loans represent a smaller portion of our overall loan portfolio, they provide additional diversification and support our broader fintech strategy.

Commercial real estate

Commercial real estate loans include loans to individuals, sole proprietors, partnerships, corporations, or other business enterprises for commercial, industrial, agricultural, or professional purposes, secured by real estate, but not for personal expenditure purposes. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had total commercial real estate loans of $85.7 million and $42.4 million, respectively, representing 14.6% and 9.1% of our total loans held-for-investment, respectively. Of these amounts, $84.0 million and $41.0 million represented owner occupied properties as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Underwriting is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow (when applicable) and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. The nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business, management experience, repayment ability, credit history, ratio calculations and assessment of collateral adequacy are all considerations. In addition to real estate, these loans may also be secured by liens on business assets. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

Consumer

Consumer lending provides financing for personal, family, or household purposes on a nationwide basis. Most of these loans are originated through our loan origination system platform and come from a variety of sources, including other approved merchant or dealer relationships and lending platforms. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had total consumer loans of $21.9 million and $22.2 million, respectively, representing 3.8% and 4.8% of our total loans held-for-investment, respectively. We use a debt-to-income (“DTI”) ratio test to determine whether an applicant will be able to service the debt. The DTI ratio compares the applicant’s anticipated monthly expenses and total monthly obligations to the applicant’s monthly gross income. Our policy is to limit the DTI ratio to 45% after calculating interest payments related to the new loan. Loan officers, at their discretion, may make exceptions to this ratio if the loan is within their authorized lending limit. DTI ratios of no more than 50% may be approved subject to an increase in interest rate. Strong offsetting factors such as higher discretionary income or large down payments are used to justify exceptions to these guidelines. All exceptions are documented and reported. While the loans are generally for the purchase of goods which may afford us a purchase money security interest, these loans are underwritten as if they were unsecured. On larger loans, we may file a Uniform Commercial Code financing form. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

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Loan Maturity

The following table details the contractual maturity ranges of loans in our loan portfolio and the amount of such loans with fixed and variable rates in each maturity range as of December 31, 2025:

As of December 31, 2025

Remaining Contractual Maturity Held-for-Investment

($ in thousands)

One Year

or Less

After

One

Year and

Through

Five

Years

After Five

Years and

Through

Fifteen

Years

After

Fifteen

Years

Total

Fixed rate loans:

SBA

$

355 

$

1,420 

$

2,783 

$

1,316 

$

5,874 

Commercial leases

23,825 

54,135 

782 

— 

78,742 

Commercial, non-real estate

999 

2,937 

265 

— 

4,201 

Residential real estate

6,838 

6,156 

— 

— 

12,994 

Strategic Program loans

120,226 

9,518 

23 

1 

129,768 

Commercial real estate

Owner occupied

2,257 

4,766 

— 

— 

7,023 

Non-owner occupied

177 

485 

924 

52 

1,638 

Consumer

6,153 

14,172 

1,599 

— 

21,924 

Subtotal fixed rate loans

160,830 

93,589 

6,376 

1,369 

262,164 

Variable rate loans:

SBA

16,433 

64,757 

81,566 

36,985 

199,741 

Commercial leases

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Commercial, non-real estate

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Residential real estate

42,218 

2,742 

1,648 

— 

46,608 

Strategic Program loans

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Commercial real estate

Owner occupied

8,185 

32,445 

33,888 

2,475 

76,993 

Non-owner occupied

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Consumer

3 

— 

— 

— 

3 

Subtotal variable rate loans

66,839 

99,944 

117,102 

39,460 

323,345 

Total

$

227,669 

$

193,533 

$

123,478 

$

40,829 

$

585,509 

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were contractually due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether such loans are actually past due. In general, we place loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due unless they are both well secured and in the process of collection. We also place loans on nonaccrual status if they are less than 90 days past due if the collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed from income. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent recoveries received (either from payments received from the customer, derived from the disposition of collateral or from legal action, such as judgment enforcement) exceed liquidation expenses incurred and outstanding principal.

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A nonaccrual asset may be restored to accrual status when (1) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and we expect repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest, or (2) when asset otherwise becomes well secured and is not in the process of collection.

Any loan, or portion of a loan, which we deem to be uncollectible is charged off to the extent of the anticipated loss. In general, the reported balance of commercial loans that are past due for 90 days or more are reduced to the estimated net realizable value. Consumer loans and credit card balances are charged off at no later than 120 days and 180 days, respectively. We believe our disciplined lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. We have several procedures in place to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our loan officers, and we also monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

We had a total of $43.7 million in nonperforming assets, which included $0.5 million in material loan modifications, at December 31, 2025. The amount of nonperforming assets as of December 31, 2025 includes $24.2 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA. We had $36.5 million in nonperforming assets, which included $0.8 million in material loan modifications, at December 31, 2024. The amount of nonperforming assets as of December 31, 2024 includes $19.2 million of SBA 7(a) loan balances that are guaranteed by the SBA. The increase in nonperforming assets and material loan modifications from the prior year was primarily attributable to the increase in the SBA 7(a) loan portfolio being classified as nonaccrual mainly due to the negative impact of sustained elevated interest rates on our small business borrowers. Due to elevated interest rates, the slowdown of consumer spending and the variable rate nature of our SBA portfolio, the risk of default has become and continues to be elevated and may result in additional delinquencies in future periods.

Our Strategic Program service providers also provide for loan modifications to borrowers. The service providers are authorized to make the loan modifications without prior FinWise consent to react immediately to borrower contact and optimize collections. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the balance of outstanding loan modifications was approximately $0.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively.

Credit Risk Profile

We believe that we underwrite loans carefully and thoroughly, limiting our lending activities to those products and services where we have the resources and expertise to lend profitably without undue credit risk. We require all loans to conform to our underwriting policies (or otherwise be identified as exceptions to policy and monitored and reported on, at minimum, quarterly) and be granted on a sound basis. Loans are made with a primary emphasis on loan profitability, credit risk and concentration exposures.

We are proactive in our approach to identifying and resolving problem loans and are focused on working with the borrowers and guarantors of problem loans to provide loan modifications when warranted. When considering how to best diversify our loan portfolio, we consider several factors including our aggregate and product-line specific concentration risks, our business line expertise, and the ability of our infrastructure to appropriately support the product. While certain product lines generate higher net charge-offs, our exposure is carefully monitored and mitigated by our concentration policies and reserved for by the credit loss allowance we maintain. Specifically, retention of certain Strategic Program loans with higher default rates accounts for a disproportionate amount of our charge-offs. In addition to our oversight of the credit policies and processes associated with these programs, we limit within our concentration policies the aggregate exposure of these loans as a percentage of the total loan portfolio, carefully monitor certain vintage loss-indicative factors such as first payment default and marketing channels, and appropriately provision for these balances so that the cumulative charge-off rates remain consistent with management expectations. While the level of nonperforming assets fluctuates in response to changing economic and market conditions, the relative size and composition of the loan portfolio, and our management’s degree of success in resolving problem assets, we believe our proactive stance to early identification and intervention is the key to successfully managing our loan portfolio.

Accurate and timely loan risk grading is considered a critical component of an effective credit risk management system. Loan grades take into consideration the borrower’s financial condition, industry trends, and the economic environment. Loan risk grades are changed as necessary to reflect the risk inherent in the loan. Among other things, we use loan risk grading information for loan pricing, risk and collection management and determining credit loss reserve adequacy. Further, on a quarterly basis, the Loan Committee holds a Loan Risk Grade meeting, to review all loans in our portfolio for accurate risk grading. Any required changes to the loan risk grading are made after the Loan Risk Grade meeting to provide

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for accurate reporting. Reporting is achieved in Loan Committee minutes, which minutes are reviewed by the Board. We supplement credit department supervision of the loan underwriting, approval, closing, servicing and risk grading process with periodic loan reviews by risk department personnel specific to the testing of controls.

We use a grading system to rank the quality of each loan. The grade is periodically evaluated and adjusted as performance dictates. Internal loan grades are based on current financial information, historical payment experience, and credit documentation, among other factors. The following guidelines govern the assignment of these risk grades. We do not currently grade Strategic Program loans held-for-investment due to their small balances and similar characteristics. As credit quality for Strategic Program loans have been highly correlated with delinquency levels, the Strategic Program loans are evaluated collectively for impairment.

Pass - A Pass asset is higher quality and does not fit any of the other categories described below. The likelihood of loss is believed to be remote.

Watch – A Watch asset may be a larger loan or one that places a heavier reliance on collateral due to the relative financial strength of the borrower. The assets may be maintenance intensive requiring closer monitoring. The obligor is believed to have an adequate primary source of repayment. New loans pursuant to the SBA 7(a) program are classified as watch loans until they have a demonstrated period of satisfactory performance, typically 18 months.

Special Mention – A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that may be temporary or, if left uncorrected, may result in a loss. While concerns exist, we believe that it is currently protected against a default and loss is considered unlikely and not imminent.

Substandard – A Substandard asset is believed to be inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have identified weaknesses and are characterized by the possibility that we may sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful - A doubtful asset has an existing weakness or weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts and conditions, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss - A loss asset has an existing weakness or weaknesses that render the loan uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry as an asset on our books is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical nor desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

Not Rated - For certain Strategic Program and consumer loans, we do not evaluate and risk rate the loans in the same manner as other loans in our portfolio. The Not Rated loans are typically homogenous, smaller dollar balances approved using abridged underwriting methods that allow us to streamline the loan approval process and increase efficiency. Credit quality for Strategic Program loans has been highly correlated with delinquency levels.

See Note 3 - Loans to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 for more information on the credit quality of our loans held-for-investment (“LHFI”) portfolio.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The estimate of credit loss incorporates assumptions for both the likelihood and amount of funding over the estimated life of the commitments, including adjustments for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management periodically reviews and updates its assumptions for estimated funding rates. Our judgment in determining the adequacy of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available and as situations and information change. We evaluate the ACL on at least a quarterly basis and take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans and current economic conditions and trends that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay. The quality of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the ACL is reviewed by regulatory examinations and our auditors.

Credit losses are charged against the ACL when we believe that the collectability of the principal loan balance is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL when received. The amortized cost basis of loans does not include accrued interest receivable, which is included in accrued interest receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income is a combination of the provision for credit losses and the provision for unfunded loan commitments.

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The following tables present a summary of changes in the ACL for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

($ in thousands)

2025

2024

ACL:

Beginning balance

$

13,176 

$

12,888 

Provision for credit losses

38,479 

11,248 

Charge-offs

Construction and land development

— 

— 

Residential real estate

(954)

(297)

Residential real estate multifamily

— 

— 

Commercial real estate

    Owner occupied

(1,832)

(1,039)

    Non-owner occupied

— 

(221)

Commercial and industrial

(933)

(889)

Consumer

(559)

(134)

Commercial leases

(294)

(293)

Strategic Program loans

(11,841)

(9,796)

Recoveries

Construction and land development

— 

— 

Residential real estate

11 

65 

Residential real estate multifamily

— 

— 

Commercial real estate

    Owner occupied

153 

334 

    Non-owner occupied

— 

— 

Commercial and industrial

15 

17 

Consumer

18 

6 

Commercial leases

29 

92 

Strategic Program loans

1,328 

1,195 

Ending balance

$

36,796 

$

13,176 

The following table shows the allocation of the ACL and the percentage of loans in each category to total loans as of December 31, 2025, and 2024. The ACL related to Strategic Programs constitutes 77.0% and 47.8% of the total ACL while comprising 22.2% and 4.3%, respectively, of total loans held-for-investment as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The percentage of ACL related to Strategic Program loans retained reflects the increased credit risks associated with certain retained Strategic Program loans.

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December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

($ in thousands)

Amount

Percent of Loans in Category to Total Loans

Amount

Percent of Loans in Category to Total Loans

Construction and land development

$

970 

8.4

%

$

374 

9.1

%

Residential real estate

777 

9.6

%

788 

13.2

%

Residential real estate multifamily

62 

0.5

%

38 

0.4

%

Commercial real estate

Owner occupied

3,267 

36.0

%

2,834 

40.9

%

Non-owner occupied

104 

1.6

%

113 

2.8

%

Commercial and industrial

773 

4.5

%

700 

9.5

%

Consumer

679 

3.7

%

638 

4.8

%

Commercial leases

1,838 

13.5

%

1,387 

15.0

%

Strategic Program loans:

Strategic Program loans - with credit enhancement

22,396 

18.5

%

111 

0.2

%

Strategic Program loans - without credit enhancement

5,930 

3.7

%

6,193 

4.1

%

Total

$

36,796 

100.0

%

$

13,176 

100.0

%

The following table reflects the ratios of the ACL to total LHFI, nonaccrual loans to total LHFI, and the ACL to nonaccrual loans by CECL loan category as of December 31, 2025:

ACL to Total

LHFI

Nonaccrual loans

to Total LHFI

ACL to

Nonaccrual loans

Construction and land development

2.0 

%

4.7 

%

42.4 

%

Residential real estate

1.4 

%

19.9 

%

6.9 

%

Residential real estate multifamily

2.0 

%

— 

%

— 

%

Commercial real estate

Owner occupied

1.6 

%

11.3 

%

13.7 

%

Non-owner occupied

1.1 

%

28.8 

%

3.8 

%

Commercial and industrial

2.9 

%

8.6 

%

34.4 

%

Consumer

3.1 

%

0.2 

%

1,297.1 

%

Commercial leases

2.3 

%

1.1 

%

214.0 

%

Strategic Program loans

21.8 

%

— 

%

— 

%

Total

6.3 

%

7.4 

%

85.1 

%

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The following table reflects the ratios of the ACL to total LHFI, nonaccrual loans to total LHFI, and the ACL to nonaccrual loans by CECL loan category as of December 31, 2024:

($ in thousands)

ACL to

Total LHFI

Nonaccrual

to Total LHFI

ACL to

Nonaccrual loans

Construction and land development

0.9 

%

— 

%

— 

%

Residential real estate

1.3 

%

11.8 

%

10.9 

%

Residential real estate multifamily

2.3 

%

— 

%

— 

%

Commercial real estate

Owner occupied

1.5 

%

12.4 

%

12.0 

%

Non-owner occupied

0.9 

%

21.8 

%

4.1 

%

Commercial and industrial

1.6 

%

4.0 

%

39.2 

%

Consumer

2.9 

%

— 

%

— 

%

Commercial leases

2.0 

%

0.5 

%

385.4 

%

Strategic Program loans

31.3 

%

— 

%

— 

%

Total

2.8 

%

7.7 

%

36.9 

%

When comparing December 31, 2025 to December 31, 2024, the increase in ACL to total LHFI was primarily due to the growth in the credit enhanced loans included in the Strategic Program loans held-for-investment. The decrease in nonaccrual loans to total loans held-for-investment from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 was primarily due to the growth in the loans held-for-investment portfolio. The increase in the ACL to nonaccrual loans ratio as shown above primarily pertained to growth in the credit enhanced loans included in the Strategic Program loans held-for-investment offset in part by the increase in nonaccrual loans, concentrated in the SBA product.

The following table summarizes net charge-offs (“NCO”), average loans and the ratio of NCO to average loans for the periods indicated:

Years Ended

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

($ in thousands)

Net

Charge-

Offs (Recoveries)

Average

Loans

NCO (Recovery) to

Average

Loans

Net

Charge-

Offs (Recoveries)

Average

Loans

NCO (Recovery) to

Average

Loans

Construction and land development

$

— 

$

48,971 

— 

%

$

— 

$

31,558 

— 

%

Residential real estate

943 

59,933 

1.6 

%

232 

54,964 

0.4 

%

Residential real estate multifamily

— 

2,231 

— 

%

— 

1,219 

— 

%

Commercial real estate

    Owner occupied

1,679 

222,584 

0.8 

%

705 

190,214 

0.4 

%

    Non-owner occupied

— 

11,936 

— 

%

221 

16,407 

1.3 

%

Commercial and industrial

918 

40,826 

2.2 

%

872 

31,065 

2.8 

%

Consumer

541 

23,886 

2.3 

%

128 

16,478 

0.8 

%

Lease financing receivables

265 

43,410 

0.6 

%

201 

56,675 

0.4 

%

Strategic Program loans

10,513 

81,894 

12.8 

%

8,601 

18,627 

46.2 

%

Total

$

14,859 

$

535,671 

2.8 

%

$

10,960 

$

417,207 

2.6 

%

The ratio of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding by loan category increased slightly during the year ended December 31, 2025 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, due primarily to a higher growth rate in the average balances of Strategic Program loans related to the credit enhanced program when compared to the growth rate of net charge-offs in that program.

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Total Assets

Total assets at December 31, 2025 were $977.1 million, an increase of $231.2 million from December 31, 2024. The increase in total assets was due primarily to increases in loans held-for-investment, net, of $93.7 million, Strategic Program loans held-for-sale of $54.9 million, interest-bearing cash deposits of $51.8 million, and credit enhancement asset of $22.3 million. The increased loan balances are generally consistent with our strategy to grow the loan portfolio with higher quality lower risk assets.

Deposits

Deposits are the major source of funding for us. We offer a variety of deposit products including interest and noninterest bearing demand accounts, HSA demand deposits, money market and savings accounts and certificates of deposit, all of which we market at competitive pricing. We generate deposits from our customers on a relationship basis and through access to national institutional and brokered deposit sources. We also generate deposits in relation to our Strategic Programs in the form of reserve accounts as discussed above. These deposits add an element of flexibility in that they tend to increase or decrease in relation to the size of our Strategic Program loan portfolio. In addition to the reserve account, some Strategic Program loan originators maintain operating deposit accounts with us.

The following table presents the end of period balances of our deposit portfolio for the periods indicated:

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

($ in thousands)

Total

Percent

Total

Percent

Noninterest-bearing demand deposits

$

168,442 

22.3

%

$

126,782 

23.3

%

Interest-bearing deposits:

Demand

74,817 

9.9

%

71,403 

13.1

%

Savings

11,017 

1.5

%

9,287 

1.7

%

Money markets

22,017 

2.9

%

16,709 

3.0

%

Time certificates of deposit

478,268 

63.4

%

320,771 

58.9

%

Total period end deposits

$

754,561 

100.0

%

$

544,952 

100.0

%

The increase in total deposits as of December 31, 2025, compared to December 31, 2024, was primarily due to an increase in brokered time deposits of $153.4 million, which were added to fund loan growth and increase balance sheet liquidity. Additionally, noninterest bearing demand deposits increased $41.7 million, primarily related to collateral deposits by certain strategic programs in anticipation of increased volumes in student loan fundings in January 2026.

As an FDIC-insured institution, our deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the DIF of the FDIC. The Dodd-Frank Act raised the limit for federal deposit insurance to $250,000 for most deposit accounts and increased the cash limit of Securities Investor Protection Corporation protection from $100,000 to $250,000. Our total estimated uninsured deposits were $204.1 million and $183.2 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Estimated uninsured deposits at the Bank as of December 31, 2025 include $62.1 million of total deposits contractually required to be maintained at the Bank pursuant to our Strategic Program agreements and an additional $58.2 million of total deposits associated with accounts owned by the parent holding company or the Bank. The maturity profile of our estimated uninsured time deposits, those amounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit, at December 31, 2025 is as follows:

December 31, 2025

($ in thousands)

Three

months

or less

More than

three

months

to six

months

More than

six months

to twelve

months

More than

twelve

months

Total

Time deposits, uninsured

$

277 

$

1,779 

$

605 

$

1,585 

$

4,246 

Total Liabilities

Total liabilities increased from $572.3 million at December 31, 2024 to $783.9 million at December 31, 2025 primarily due to an increase in deposits as discussed above.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Management

Liquidity management is the ability to meet current and future financial obligations of a short-term nature. Our primary sources of funds consist of deposit inflows, the sale of loans, principal repayments and interest on loans and net profits. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows, loan prepayments, loan sales and security sales are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition.

Our primary source of funds to support new loan originations are deposits. Deposits are comprised of core and non-core deposits. To attract core deposits from local and nationwide consumer and commercial markets, we have paid rates at the higher end of the market. We have been able to pay higher rates due to the higher rates earned on our loan portfolio. We utilize rate listing services and website advertising to attract deposits from consumer and commercial sources. Non-core deposits generally include brokered deposits and deposits acquired through the utilization of a listing service.

We intend to have various term offerings to match our funding needs. With no current plans to expand our brick-and-mortar branch network, online and mobile banking offers a means to meet customer needs and aggregate deposits more efficiently compared to a traditional branch network. We believe that the rise of mobile and online banking provides us the opportunity to further leverage the technological competency we have demonstrated in recent years.

We regularly adjust our investment in liquid assets based upon our assessment of (1) expected loan demand, (2) expected deposit flows, (3) yields available on interest-earning deposits and securities and (4) the objectives of our asset/liability management, funds management and liquidity policies. The objective of our liquidity policy is to control the risk to our earnings and capital arising from the inability to meet obligations in a timely manner. This entails ensuring sufficient funds are available at all times and at a reasonable cost to meet potential demands from both fund providers and borrowers.

We primarily utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities. At December 31, 2025, we had the ability to access $193.8 million from the Federal Reserve Bank on a collateralized basis. The Bank had an available unsecured line of credit with three correspondent banks to borrow up to $16.1 million in overnight funds. We also maintain a $20.5 million line of credit with Federal Home Loan Bank, secured by specific pledged loans. We had no outstanding balances on any unsecured or secured lines of credit as of December 31, 2025.

Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents. The levels of these assets depend on our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At December 31, 2025, liquid assets (defined as cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits) totaled $163.4 million and constituted 16.7% of total assets. We believe that our liquid assets combined with the available lines of credit and our ability to generate core and non-core funding provides adequate liquidity to meet our current financial obligations for at least the next 12 months.

Capital Resources

We seek to maintain adequate capital to support anticipated asset growth, operating needs and unexpected risks, and to ensure that we are in compliance with all current and anticipated regulatory capital guidelines. Our primary sources of new capital include retained earnings and proceeds from the sale and issuance of capital stock or other securities. Expected future use or activities for which capital may be set aside include balance sheet growth and associated relative increases in market or credit exposure, investment activity, potential product and business expansions, acquisitions and strategic or infrastructure investments.

Shareholders’ equity increased $19.5 million to $193.2 million at December 31, 2025 compared to $173.7 million at December 31, 2024, primarily due to earnings of $16.1 million reported for the period. The Company did not pay a dividend in 2024 or 2025.

We use several indicators of capital strength. The most commonly used measure is total equity to total assets, which was 19.8% and 23.3% as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Our return on average equity was 8.9% and 7.7% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Our return on average assets was 1.9% and 2.0% for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on our business. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated pursuant to regulatory definitions and requirements. The sufficiency of capital and the Bank’s capital classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about risk weightings and other factors.

Under the prompt corrective action rules, an institution is deemed “well capitalized” if its Tier 1 leverage ratio, Common Equity Tier 1 ratio, Tier 1 Capital ratio, and Total Capital ratio meet or exceed 5%, 6.5%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. On September 17, 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly issued a rule intending to simplify the regulatory capital requirements described above for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework, as required by Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act. The Bank elected to opt into the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework starting in 2020. Under these capital requirements the Bank must maintain a leverage ratio greater than 9.0% to be considered well-capitalized.

As of December 31, 2025, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (there are no conditions or events since that notification we believe have changed the Bank’s category). See Note 8 - Capital Requirements to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 for additional information regarding our regulatory capital requirements.

Stock Repurchase Program

We have a stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. The stock repurchase program became effective as of March 6, 2024 and authorizes us to repurchase up to 641,832 shares of our common stock in the aggregate in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, or any manner that complies with the provisions of Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act, as well as pursuant to a trading plan under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Our decision to repurchase shares will depend on a variety of factors, including but not limited to, the market price and trading volume of our common stock, general market and economic conditions, the ongoing assessment of our capital needs, and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The repurchase program does not obligate us to purchase any particular number of shares and may be limited or terminated at any time without prior notice. The repurchase program expires on March 31, 2026. During the three months ended December 31, 2025, there were no open-market share repurchases. Since the repurchase program’s inception, we have repurchased and subsequently retired a total of 44,608 shares for $0.5 million at an average price of $10.30 per share. See Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 for more information.

Contractual Obligations

We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. While our liquidity monitoring and management consider both present and future demands for and sources of liquidity, the following table of contractual commitments focuses only on future obligations and summarizes our significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025:

($ in thousands)

Total

Less than

One Year

One to

Three

Years

Three to

Five Years

More

Than Five

Years

Contractual Obligations

Deposits without stated maturity

$

276,293 

$

276,293 

$

— 

$

— 

$

— 

Time deposits

478,268 

364,063 

77,107 

26,475 

10,623 

Operating lease obligations

4,575 

1,212 

2,346 

1,017 

— 

Total

$

759,136 

$

641,568 

$

79,453 

$

27,492 

$

10,623 

Off-Balance Sheet Financing Arrangements

In the normal course of business, we enter into certain off-balance sheet arrangements to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, which involves, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk exceeding the amounts recognized in our consolidated statements of financial condition. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and

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procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet instruments. With the exception of these off-balance sheet arrangements, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. For details of our commitments to extend credit please see Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8.

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Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We believe that both management and investors benefit from certain non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our performance and when planning, forecasting, and analyzing future periods. These non-GAAP financial measures also facilitate management’s internal comparisons to our historical performance. We believe these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors both because (1) they allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision-making and (2) they are used by our institutional investors and the analyst community to help them analyze the health of our business. Accordingly, we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management team. Our calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from similarly-titled non-GAAP measures, if any, reported by our peers. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as substitutes for, financial information prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

FinWise has entered into agreements with certain of its Strategic Program service providers pursuant to which the service providers provide credit enhancement on loans which protects the Bank by indemnifying or reimbursing the Bank for incurred credit and fraud losses. We estimate and record a provision for expected losses for these Strategic Program loans in accordance with GAAP, which requires estimation of the provision without consideration of the credit enhancement. When the provision for expected losses over the life of the loans that are subject to such credit enhancement is recorded, a credit enhancement asset reflecting the future recovery of those estimated credit losses pursuant to the strategic partner’s guarantee to assume the Bank’s credit losses on each of the loans in the respective guaranteed portfolio is also recorded on the balance sheet in the form of non-interest income (credit enhancement income). Reimbursement or indemnification for incurred losses is provided for in the form of a deposit reserve account that is replenished periodically by the respective Strategic Program service provider. The credit enhancement asset is reduced as credit enhancement payments and recoveries are received from the Strategic Program service provider or taken from its cash reserve account. If the Strategic Program service provider is unable to fulfill its contracted obligations under its credit enhancement agreement, then the Bank could be exposed to the loss of the reimbursement and credit enhancement income as a result of this counterparty risk. In the event the Strategic Program service provider is not able to perform according to the contractual terms, the Bank is entitled to receive all the income on the loans. The Bank incurs expenses for the amounts owed to the strategic partner for the credit guarantee and for servicing of the credit enhanced portfolio, if applicable (credit enhancement program expenses). See the following reconciliations of non-GAAP measures for the impact of the credit enhancement on our financial condition and results.

The following non-GAAP measures are presented to illustrate the impact of certain credit enhancement program expenses on total interest income on LHFI and average yield on LHFI:

As of and for the Year Ended

As of and for the Year Ended

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

($ in thousands; unaudited)

Total Average LHFI

Total Interest Income on LHFI

Average Yield on LHFI

Total Average LHFI

Total Interest Income on LHFI

Average Yield on LHFI

Before adjustment for credit enhancement

$

535,671 

$

65,203 

12.17 

%

$

417,207 

$

51,194 

12.27 

%

Less: credit enhancement program expenses

(9,755)

(9)

Net of adjustment for credit enhancement program expenses

$

535,671 

$

55,448 

10.35 

%

$

417,207 

$

51,185 

12.27 

%

Total interest income on LHFI net of credit enhancement program expenses and the average yield on LHFI are non-GAAP measures that include the impact of credit enhancement program expenses on total interest income on LHFI and the respective average yield on LHFI, the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

The following non-GAAP measures are presented to illustrate the impact of certain credit enhancement program expenses on net interest income and NIM:

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As of and for the Year Ended

As of and for the Year Ended

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

($ in thousands; unaudited)

Total Average Interest-Earning Assets

Net Interest Income

Net Interest Margin

Total Average Interest-Earning Assets

Net Interest Income

Net Interest Margin

Before adjustment for credit enhancement

$

782,005 

$

72,183 

9.23 

%

$

589,880 

$

58,912 

9.99 

%

Less: credit enhancement program expenses

(9,755)

(9)

Net of adjustment for credit enhancement program expenses

$

782,005 

$

62,428 

7.98 

%

$

589,880 

$

58,903 

9.99 

%

Net interest income and net interest margin net of credit enhancement program expenses are non-GAAP measures that include the impact of credit enhancement program expenses on net interest income and net interest margin, the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

Non-interest expenses less credit enhancement program expenses is a non-GAAP measure presented to illustrate the impact of credit enhancement program expenses on non-interest expense:

($ in thousands; unaudited)

Year Ended December 31, 2025

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Total non-interest expense

$

70,333 

$

52,835 

Less: credit enhancement program expenses

(9,755)

(9)

Total non-interest expense less credit enhancement program expenses

$

60,578 

$

52,826 

Total non-interest expense less credit enhancement program expenses is a non-GAAP measure that illustrates the impact of credit enhancement program expenses on non-interest expense, the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Total non-interest income less credit enhancement income is a non-GAAP measure to illustrate the impact of credit enhancement income resulting from credit enhanced loans on non-interest income:

($ in thousands; unaudited)

Year Ended December 31, 2025

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Total non-interest income

$

58,483 

$

22,485 

Less: credit enhancement income

(23,924)

(111)

Total non-interest income less credit enhancement income

$

34,559 

$

22,374 

Total non-interest income less indemnification income is a non-GAAP measure that illustrates the impact of credit enhancement income on non-interest income. The most directly comparable GAAP measure is non-interest income.

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The following non-GAAP measure is presented to illustrate the effect of the credit enhancement program that creates the credit enhancement on the allowance for credit losses:

($ in thousands; unaudited)

As of December 31, 2025

As of December 31, 2024

Allowance for credit losses

$

36,796 

$

13,176 

Less: allowance for credit losses related to credit enhanced loans

(22,411)

(111)

Allowance for credit losses excluding the effect of the allowance for credit losses related to credit enhanced loans

$

14,385 

$

13,065 

The allowance for credit losses excluding the effect of the allowance for credit losses related to credit enhanced loans is a non-GAAP measure that reflects the effect of the credit enhancement program on the allowance for credit losses. The total outstanding balance of loans held-for-investment with credit enhancement as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $108.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively.