FIRST COMMUNITY CORP /SC/ (FCCO)
SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Depository Institutions > SIC 6022 State Commercial Banks
SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=932781. Latest filing source: 0001552781-26-000126.
Informational only - descriptive public-record data, not investment advice.
Business
Read FCCO's verbatim Item 1 Business section from its latest 10-K: Business.
Risk Factors
Read FCCO's verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from its latest 10-K: Risk Factors.
Selected Fundamentals
| Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 97,054,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-16 |
| Net income | 19,205,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-16 |
| Assets | 2,057,732,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-16 |
Financials
Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-03-16. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000932781.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 29,506,000 | 32,156,000 | 39,729,000 | 42,630,000 | 43,778,000 | 47,520,000 | 51,117,000 | 72,697,000 | 89,422,000 | 97,054,000 |
| Net income | 6,682,000 | 5,815,000 | 11,229,000 | 10,971,000 | 10,099,000 | 15,465,000 | 14,613,000 | 11,843,000 | 13,955,000 | 19,205,000 |
| Diluted EPS | 0.98 | 0.83 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.35 | 2.05 | 1.92 | 1.55 | 1.81 | 2.47 |
| Operating cash flow | 5,135,000 | 18,351,000 | 19,973,000 | 4,825,000 | -17,046,000 | 57,928,000 | 22,125,000 | 13,020,000 | 11,624,000 | 18,689,000 |
| Capital expenditures | 1,237,000 | 3,072,000 | 1,465,000 | 2,793,000 | 1,087,000 | 813,000 | 1,223,000 | 1,071,000 | 1,097,000 | 1,110,000 |
| Dividends paid | 2,117,000 | 2,473,000 | 3,033,000 | 3,306,000 | 3,573,000 | 3,593,000 | 3,913,000 | 4,235,000 | 4,415,000 | 4,750,000 |
| Assets | 914,793,000 | 1,050,731,000 | 1,091,595,000 | 1,170,279,000 | 1,395,382,000 | 1,584,508,000 | 1,672,946,000 | 1,827,688,000 | 1,958,021,000 | 2,057,732,000 |
| Liabilities | 832,932,000 | 945,068,000 | 979,098,000 | 1,050,085,000 | 1,259,045,000 | 1,443,510,000 | 1,554,585,000 | 1,696,629,000 | 1,813,527,000 | 1,890,175,000 |
| Stockholders' equity | 81,861,000 | 105,663,000 | 112,497,000 | 120,194,000 | 136,337,000 | 140,998,000 | 118,361,000 | 131,059,000 | 144,494,000 | 167,557,000 |
| Free cash flow | 3,898,000 | 15,279,000 | 18,508,000 | 2,032,000 | -18,133,000 | 57,115,000 | 20,902,000 | 11,949,000 | 10,527,000 | 17,579,000 |
Ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net margin | 22.65% | 18.08% | 28.26% | 25.74% | 23.07% | 32.54% | 28.59% | 16.29% | 15.61% | 19.79% |
| Return on equity | 8.16% | 5.50% | 9.98% | 9.13% | 7.41% | 10.97% | 12.35% | 9.04% | 9.66% | 11.46% |
| Return on assets | 0.73% | 0.55% | 1.03% | 0.94% | 0.72% | 0.98% | 0.87% | 0.65% | 0.71% | 0.93% |
| Liabilities / equity | 10.17 | 8.94 | 8.70 | 8.74 | 9.23 | 10.24 | 13.13 | 12.95 | 12.55 | 11.28 |
Industry Peer Context
Net margin peer context
ROE peer context
ROA peer context
Financial Bridges
Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts FY 2025. Operating cash flow: accession 0001552781-26-000126; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | Capital expenditures: accession 0001552781-26-000126; concept PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | Free cash flow: accession 0001552781-26-000126; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
Financial Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: Assets. Source concepts: us-gaap:Assets.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: Liabilities. Source concepts: us-gaap:Liabilities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: StockholdersEquity. Source concepts: us-gaap:StockholdersEquity.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0001552781-26-000126; filed 2026-03-16. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.
Quarterly
Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-15. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000932781.json.
| Quarter | End Date | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-Q2 | 2022-06-30 | 0.41 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 | 0.52 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 | 0.45 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q2 | 2023-03-31 | 3,463,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | 17,497,000 | 0.43 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-06-30 | 3,327,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 18,734,000 | 0.23 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 20,576,000 | 3,297,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 21,256,000 | 2,597,000 | 0.34 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-03-31 | 2,597,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 21,931,000 | 0.42 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-06-30 | 3,265,000 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 23,161,000 | 0.50 | reported discrete quarter | |
| 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 23,074,000 | 4,232,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 23,082,000 | 3,997,000 | 0.51 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 24,173,000 | 5,186,000 | 0.67 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 24,902,000 | 5,192,000 | 0.67 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 24,897,000 | 4,830,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 28,039,000 | 5,498,000 | 0.59 | reported discrete quarter |
Quarterly Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001552781-26-000341; filed 2026-05-15. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001552781-26-000341; filed 2026-05-15. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0001552781-26-000341; filed 2026-05-15. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.
Macro Cross-References
- CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
- UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
- FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
- CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
- DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
- DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
- DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
- DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
- T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
- CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
- CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
- CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
- CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
- PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
- PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
- PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
- T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
- U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
- PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
- CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
- EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
- UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
- CE16OV - Employment Level
- ICSA - Initial Claims
- JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
- JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
- GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
- A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
- INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
- TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
- HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
- PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
- RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
- PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
- PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
- M2SL - M2
- BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
- MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
- HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
- RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
- TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
- RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
- TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
- GDP - Gross Domestic Product
- GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
- GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
- PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
- GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
- GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
- FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
- FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
- FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
- MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
- USCONS - All Employees, Construction
- USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
- USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
- USGOVT - All Employees, Government
- AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
- DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
- NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
- BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
- EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
- IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
- IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
- PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand
Latest quarter (10-Q)
Latest 10-Q source: 0001552781-26-000341.
Item
2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
CAUTIONARY
STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report,
including information included or incorporated by reference in this report, contains statements which constitute “forward-looking
statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Forward-looking statements may relate to, among other matters, the financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, future
performance, and business of our company. Forward-looking statements are based on many assumptions and estimates and are not guarantees
of future performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, as they will
depend on many factors about which we are unsure, including many factors which are beyond our control. The words “may,” “approximately,”
“is likely,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,”
“predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “assume,” “believe,”
“intend,” “plan,” “forecast,” “goal,” and “estimate,” as well as similar
expressions, are meant to identify such forward-looking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results
to differ materially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those described under the
heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 as filed with the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 16, 2026 and the following:
| · | credit losses as a result of, among other potential factors, declining real estate values, increasing interest rates, increasing unemployment, or changes in customer payment behavior or other factors; | |
|---|---|---|
| · | the amount of our loan portfolio collateralized by real estate and weaknesses in the real estate market; | |
| · | restrictions or conditions imposed by our regulators on our operations; | |
| · | the adequacy of the level of our allowance for credit losses and the amount of credit loss provisions required in future periods; | |
| · | examinations by our regulatory authorities, including the possibility that the regulatory authorities may, among other things, require us to increase our allowance for credit losses, write-down assets, or take other actions; | |
| · | risks associated with actual or potential information gatherings, investigations or legal proceedings by customers, regulatory agencies or others; | |
| · | reduced earnings due to higher credit impairment charges resulting from additional decline in the value of our securities portfolio, specifically as a result of increasing default rates, and loss severities on the underlying real estate collateral; | |
| · | increases in competitive pressure in the banking and financial services industries; | |
| · | changes in the interest rate environment, which are affected by many factors beyond our control, including inflation, recession, unemployment, money supply, domestic and international events and changes in the United States and other financial markets, and that could reduce anticipated or actual margins; temporarily reduce the market value of our available-for-sale investment securities and temporarily reduce accumulated other comprehensive income or increase accumulated other comprehensive loss, which temporarily could reduce shareholders’ equity; | |
| · | enterprise risk management may not be effective in mitigating risk and reducing the potential for losses; | |
| · | changes in political conditions or the legislative or regulatory environment, including governmental initiatives affecting the financial services industry, including as a result of the presidential administration and congressional elections; | |
| · | general economic conditions resulting in, among other things, a deterioration in credit quality; |
29
| · | changes occurring in business conditions and inflation, including the impact of inflation on us, including a decrease in demand for new mortgage loan and commercial real estate loan originations and refinancings, an increase in competition for deposits, and an increase in non-interest expense, which may have an adverse impact on our financial performance; | |
|---|---|---|
| · | changes in access to funding or increased regulatory requirements with regard to funding, which could impair our liquidity; | |
| · | FDIC assessment which has increased, and may continue to increase, our cost of doing business; | |
| · | cybersecurity risk related to our dependence on internal computer systems and the technology of outside service providers, as well as the potential impacts of third-party security breaches, which subject us to potential business disruptions or financial losses resulting from deliberate attacks or unintentional events; | |
| · | changes in deposit flows, which may be negatively affected by a number of factors, including rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, regulatory capital requirements, and returns available to customers on alternative investments; | |
| · | changes in technology, including the increasing use of artificial intelligence; | |
| · | our current and future products, services, applications and functionality and plans to promote them; | |
| · | changes in monetary and tax policies, including potential changes in tax laws and regulations; | |
| · | changes in accounting standards, policies, estimates and practices as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; | |
| · | our assumptions and estimates used in applying critical accounting policies, which may prove unreliable, inaccurate or not predictive of actual results; | |
| · | the rate of delinquencies and amounts of loans charged-off; | |
| · | the rate of loan growth in recent years and the lack of seasoning of a portion of our loan portfolio; | |
| · | our ability to maintain appropriate levels of capital, including levels of capital required under the capital rules implementing Basel III; | |
| · | our ability to successfully execute our business strategy; | |
| · | our ability to attract and retain key personnel; | |
| · | our ability to retain our existing customers, including our deposit relationships; | |
| · | our use of brokered deposits may be an unstable and/or an expensive deposit source to fund earning asset growth; | |
| · | our ability to obtain brokered deposits as an additional funding source could be limited; | |
| · | adverse changes in asset quality and resulting credit risk-related losses and expenses; | |
| · | risks related to the completed SGBG merger, including the diversion of management’s time and attention to integration matters, unexpected integration costs, deposit or customer attrition, employee retention and business disruption, difficulties integrating systems, operations, controls and personnel, and the possibility that expected revenues, cost savings, synergies and other anticipated benefits of the merger may not be realized when expected or at all; |
30
| · | the potential effects of events beyond our control that may have a destabilizing effect on financial markets and the economy, such as epidemics and pandemics, war or terrorist activities, such as the war in Ukraine, the Middle East conflict, including in Iran, and the conflict between China and Taiwan, disruptions in our customers’ supply chains, disruptions in transportation, essential utility outages or trade disputes and related tariffs, government shutdowns, and disruptions caused by widespread cybersecurity incidents; | |
|---|---|---|
| · | disruptions due to flooding, severe weather or other natural disasters; and | |
| · | other risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” below. |
Because of these
and other risks and uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by any forward-looking
statements. For additional information with respect to factors that could cause actual results to differ from the expectations stated
in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year
ended December 31, 2025. In addition, our past results of operations do not necessarily indicate our future results. Therefore, we caution
you not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking information and statements.
All forward-looking
statements in this report are based on information available to us as of the date of this report. Although we believe that the expectations
reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that these expectations will be achieved. We undertake
no obligation to publicly update or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events,
or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
Overview
The following
discussion describes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026, as compared to the three months ended March
31, 2025, and analyzes our financial condition as of March 31, 2026 as compared to December 31, 2025. Like most community banks, we derive
most of our income from interest we receive on our loans and investments. Our primary sources of funds for making these loans and investments
are our deposits and borrowings, on which we pay interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of our success is our amount of net
interest income, or the difference between the income on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the expense
on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Another key measure is the spread between the yield we earn on
our interest-earning assets and the rate we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities. There are risks inherent in all loans, so we maintain
an allowance for credit losses to absorb our estimate of expected credit losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. We establish
and maintain this allowance by recording a provision for or release of credit losses against our earnings. In the following section,
we have included a detailed discussion of this process.
In addition to
earning interest on our loans and investments, we earn income through fees and other expenses we charge to our customers. We describe
the various components of this non-interest income, as well as our non-interest expense, in the following discussion.
The following
discussion and analysis identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during the periods
included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with the financial
statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this report.
Unless the context requires
otherwise, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or similar references mean
First Community Corporation and its subsidiaries. References to the “Bank” mean First Community Bank.
31
Merger
with Signature Bank of Georgia
On
July 13, 2025, the Company and First Community Bank entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger with Signature Bank of Georgia (“SGBG”),
pursuant to which SGBG agreed to merge with and into First Community Bank, with First Community Bank continuing as the surviving bank.
The merger was completed on January 8, 2026.
At
the effective time
[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]
Latest 10-K MD&A
Item 7. Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following
discussion and analysis identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during
the periods included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction
with the financial statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are headquartered
in Lexington, South Carolina and serve as the bank holding company for the Bank. We engage in a general commercial and retail
banking business characterized by personalized service and local decision making, emphasizing the banking needs of small to medium-sized
businesses, professionals and individuals. We operate from our main office in Lexington, South Carolina, and our 21 full-service
offices located in the South Carolina counties of Lexington County (6 offices), Richland County (4 offices), Newberry County (2
offices), Kershaw County (1 office), Aiken County (1 office), Greenville County (2 offices), Anderson County (1 office), Pickens
County (1 office), and York County (1 office); and in the Georgia counties of Richmond County (1 office) and Columbia County (1
office).
The following
discussion describes our results of operations for 2025, as compared to 2024 and 2023, and also analyzes our financial condition
as of December 31, 2025, as compared to December 31, 2024. Like most community banks, we derive most of our income from interest
we receive on our loans and investments. A primary source of funds for making these loans and investments is our deposits, on
which we pay interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of our success is our amount of net interest income, or the difference
between the income on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the expense on our interest-bearing liabilities,
such as deposits and borrowings.
We have included
a number of tables to assist in our description of these measures. For example, the “Average Balances” table shows
the average balance during 2025, 2024 and 2023 of each category of our assets and liabilities, as well as the yield we earned
or the rate we paid with respect to each category. A review of this table shows that our loans typically provide higher interest
yields than do other types of interest earning assets, which is why we intend to channel a substantial percentage of our earning
assets into our loan portfolio. Similarly, the “Rate/Volume Analysis” table helps demonstrate the impact of changing
interest rates and changing volume of assets and liabilities during the years shown. We also track the sensitivity of our various
categories of assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates, and we have included a “Sensitivity Analysis Table”
to help explain this. Finally, we have included a number of tables that provide detail about our investment securities, our loans,
our deposits and our borrowings.
There are risks inherent
in all loans, so we maintain an allowance for credit losses to absorb expected losses. We establish and maintain this allowance
by charging a provision for credit losses against our operating earnings. In the following section, we have included a detailed discussion
of this process, as well as several tables describing our allowance for credit losses and the allocation of this allowance among our
various categories of loans.
In addition to
earning interest on our loans and investments, we earn income through fees and other expenses we charge to our customers. We describe
the various components of this noninterest income, as well as our noninterest expense, in the following discussion. The discussion
and analysis also identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during the periods
included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with the
financial statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this report.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We have
adopted various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
and with general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting
policies are described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
Certain
accounting policies inherently involve a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions, and judgments and, as such, have
a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported, which could have a material
impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. We consider these accounting policies
and estimates to be critical accounting policies. We have identified the determination of the allowance for credit losses,
income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities, goodwill and other intangible assets, and derivative instruments to be the
accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments and, as such, could be most subject to revision as new
or additional information becomes available or circumstances change, including overall changes in the economic climate and/or
market interest rates. Therefore, management has reviewed and approved these critical accounting policies and estimates and has
discussed these policies with our Audit and Compliance Committee.
42
Allowance for Credit Losses
As of
January 1, 2023, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”)
2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC
326”), which changed the methodology, accounting policies and inputs used in determining the allowance for credit losses
(“ACL”). We believe the allowance for credit losses is the critical accounting policy that requires the most significant
judgment and estimates used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
The allowance
for credit losses represents our best estimate of credit losses on financial assets. The allowance for credit losses is assessed
at least quarterly and adjustments are recorded in the provision for credit losses. These losses are estimated using historical
loss rates and a projection of reasonable and supportable macroeconomic forecast, combined with additional qualitative factors.
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we held an allowance for credit losses for our held-to-maturity investment securities, our loans
held-for-investment and our unfunded commitments that are not unconditionally cancelable.
The allowance
for credit losses represents an amount which we believe will be adequate to absorb expected losses on existing financial assets
that may become uncollectible. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based on assumptions about
future events, which we believe to be reasonable, but which may or may not prove to be accurate. There can be no assurance that
charge-offs of financial assets in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any point in
time or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period.
The allowance
for credit losses represents management’s best estimate for our expected losses at December 31, 2025 and 2024, but significant
downturns in circumstances relating to asset quality and economic conditions could result in a requirement for additional allowance
for credit losses. Likewise, an upturn in asset quality and improved economic conditions may allow a reduction in the required
allowance for credit losses. In either instance, unanticipated changes could have a significant impact on results of operations.
In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for credit
losses. Such agencies may require us to recognize additions to the allowance for credit losses based on their judgments about
information available to them at the time of their examination.
Income Taxes, Deferred Tax Assets,
and Deferred Tax Liabilities
We are subject
to the income tax laws of the U.S., its states, and the municipalities in which we operate. These tax laws are complex and subject
to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant government taxing authorities.
Income taxes
are provided for the tax effects of the transactions reported in our consolidated financial statements and consist of taxes currently
due plus deferred taxes related to differences between the tax basis and accounting basis of certain assets and liabilities, including
available-for-sale securities, allowance for credit losses, write-downs of OREO properties, write-downs on premises held-for-sale,
accumulated depreciation, net operating loss carry forwards, accretion income, deferred compensation, intangible assets, and pension
plan and post-retirement benefits. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those
differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are reflected at income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities
are expected to be realized or settled. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a
deferred tax asset will not be realized. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
In establishing
our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our valuation allowance, we must make judgments and
interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws. We must also make estimates about when in the future
certain items will affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions. Disputes over interpretations of the tax laws may be
subject to review/adjudication by the court systems of the various tax jurisdictions or may be settled with the taxing authority
upon examination or audit. Although we believe that the judgments and estimates used are reasonable, and we believe our estimates
have been reasonably accurate, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. To
the extent we prevail in matters for which reserves have been established, or are required to pay amounts in excess of our reserves,
our effective income tax rate in a given financial statement period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement
would result in an increase in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would result
in a reduction in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution.
43
Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets
Goodwill
represents the cost in excess of fair value of the net assets we acquired (including identifiable intangibles) in purchase transactions.
Other intangible assets represent premiums paid for acquisitions of core deposits (core deposit intangibles).
We
test our goodwill for impairment by evaluating whether the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. This test is
done annually or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired.
Derivative Instruments
We
utilize derivative instruments to manage risks such as interest rate risk or market risk. Our Derivatives Policy prohibits using
derivatives for speculative purposes.
Accounting
for derivatives differs significantly depending on whether a derivative is designated as an accounting hedge, which is a transaction
intended to reduce a risk associated with a specific asset or liability or future expected cash flow at the time it is purchased. In
order to qualify as an accounting hedge, a derivative must be designated as such at inception by management and meet certain criteria.
Management must also continue to evaluate whether the instrument effectively reduces the risk associated with that item. To determine
if a derivative instrument continues to be an effective hedge, we must make assumptions and judgments about the continued effectiveness
of the hedging strategies and the nature and timing of forecasted transactions. If our hedging strategy was to become ineffective, hedge
accounting would no longer apply, and the reported results of operations or financial condition could be materially affected.
44
Financial Highlights
| As of or For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,057,732 | $ | 1,958,021 | $ | 1,827,688 | ||||||
| Loans held for sale | 10,737 | 9,662 | 4,433 | |||||||||
| Loans | 1,311,019 | 1,220,542 | 1,134,019 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 1,749,544 | 1,675,901 | 1,511,001 | |||||||||
| Total common shareholders’ equity | 167,557 | 144,494 | 131,059 | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 167,557 | 144,494 | 131,059 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, basic | 7,663 | 7,617 | 7,568 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, diluted | 7,761 | 7,702 | 7,647 | |||||||||
| Results of Operations: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 97,054 | $ | 89,422 | $ | 72,697 | ||||||
| Interest expense | 35,032 | 37,382 | 23,805 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | 62,022 | 52,040 | 48,892 | |||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 770 | 809 | 1,129 | |||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 61,252 | 51,231 | 47,763 | |||||||||
| Non-interest income | 16,945 | 14,004 | 10,421 | |||||||||
| Non-interest expenses | 53,338 | 47,465 | 43,144 | |||||||||
| Income before taxes | 24,859 | 17,770 | 15,040 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 5,654 | 3,815 | 3,197 | |||||||||
| Net income | 19,205 | 13,955 | 11,843 | |||||||||
| Net income available to common shareholders | 19,205 | 13,955 | 11,843 | |||||||||
| Per Share Data: | ||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 2.51 | $ | 1.83 | $ | 1.56 | ||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | 2.47 | 1.81 | 1.55 | |||||||||
| Book value at period end | 21.78 | 18.90 | 17.23 | |||||||||
| Tangible book value at period end (non-GAAP) | 19.84 | 16.93 | 15.23 | |||||||||
| Dividends per common share | 0.62 | 0.58 | 0.56 | |||||||||
| Asset Quality Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets(3) | 0.02 | % | 0.04 | % | 0.05 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans to period end loans | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans | 0.00 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to period-end total loans | 1.05 | % | 1.08 | % | 1.08 | % | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to non-performing assets | 3,859.14 | % | 1,683.70 | % | 1,492.36 | % | ||||||
| Selected Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Return on average assets | 0.94 | % | 0.74 | % | 0.68 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity: | 12.36 | % | 10.17 | % | 9.59 | % | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP): | 13.68 | % | 11.44 | % | 10.95 | % | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)(1) | 65.97 | % | 71.56 | % | 71.23 | % | ||||||
| Noninterest income to operating revenue(2) | 21.46 | % | 21.20 | % | 17.57 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent) | 3.23 | % | 2.92 | % | 3.01 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets | 8.14 | % | 7.38 | % | 7.17 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 7.47 | % | 6.66 | % | 6.39 | % | ||||||
| Tier 1 risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 13.11 | % | 12.87 | % | 12.53 | % | ||||||
| Total risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 14.16 | % | 13.94 | % | 13.58 | % | ||||||
| Leverage (Bank)(4) | 8.66 | % | 8.40 | % | 8.45 | % | ||||||
| Average loans to average deposits(5) | 73.35 | % | 74.35 | % | 73.25 | % |
| (1) | The efficiency ratio is a key performance indicator in our industry. The ratio is calculated by dividing non-interest expense less merger expenses by net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding loss on sale of securities, gain on sale of other assets, loss on early extinguishment of debt, and other non-recurring noninterest income. The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses and net revenue. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Operating revenue is defined as net interest income plus noninterest income. |
| (3) | Includes nonaccrual loans, loans 90 days delinquent and still accruing interest and other real estate owned (“OREO”). |
| (4) | As a small bank holding company, we are generally not subject to the capital requirements at the holding company level unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve; however, our Bank remains subject to capital requirements. |
| (5) | Includes loans held for sale. |
45
Certain financial
information presented above is determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include “efficiency
ratio,” “tangible book value at period end,” “return on average tangible common equity” and “tangible
common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets.” The “efficiency ratio” is defined as non-interest expense less
merger expenses divided by net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding loss on sale of securities,
gain on sale of other assets, loss on early extinguishment of debt, and other non-recurring noninterest income. The efficiency ratio
is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses and net revenue. “Tangible book value at period end” is defined
as total equity reduced by recorded intangible assets divided by total common shares outstanding. “Return on average tangible common
equity” is defined as net income on an annualized basis divided by average total equity reduced by average recorded intangible
assets. “Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets” is defined as total common equity reduced by recorded
intangible assets divided by total assets reduced by recorded intangible assets. Our management believes that these non-GAAP measures
are useful because they enhance the ability of investors and management to evaluate and compare our operating results from period-to-period
in a meaningful manner. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools, and investors should not consider them in isolation or
as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.
The table
below provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP for the three years ended December 31:
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tangible book value, dollars in thousands | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | $ | 152,631 | $ | 129,411 | $ | 115,818 | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 14,926 | 15,083 | 15,241 | |||||||||
| Book value (GAAP) | $ | 167,557 | $ | 144,494 | $ | 131,059 | ||||||
| Tangible book value per common share, dollars | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity per common share (non-GAAP) | $ | 19.84 | $ | 16.93 | $ | 15.23 | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 1.94 | 1.97 | 2.00 | |||||||||
| Book value per common share (GAAP) | $ | 21.78 | $ | 18.90 | $ | 17.23 | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity | ||||||||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | 13.68 | % | 11.44 | % | 10.95 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | (1.32 | )% | (1.27 | )% | (1.36 | )% | ||||||
| Return on average common equity (GAAP) | 12.36 | % | 10.17 | % | 9.59 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 7.47 | % | 6.66 | % | 6.39 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 0.67 | % | 0.72 | % | 0.78 | % | ||||||
| Common equity to assets (GAAP) | 8.14 | % | 7.38 | % | 7.17 | % |
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2025 and
2024
Our net income
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 was $19.2 million, or $2.47 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to $14.0
million, or $1.81 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. The $5.3 million increase
in net income between the two periods is primarily due to an increase in net interest income of $10.0 million, a decrease in provision
for credit losses of $39 thousand, and an increase in non-interest income of $2.9 million, partially offset by an increase in
non-interest expense of $5.9 million and an increase in income tax expense of $1.8 million.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $140.0 million in average earning assets combined with a 31 basis point improvement in the net interest margin between the two periods. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $770 thousand provision for credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 is primarily related to a $90.5 million increase in loans held-for-investment partially offset by a reduction of three basis points in our qualitative factors. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $809 thousand provision for credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 is primarily related to a $86.5 million increase in loans held-for-investment partially offset by a $43.7 million decrease in unfunded commitments net of unconditionally cancellable commitments and a reduction of two basis points in our qualitative factors for our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios qualitative factor. This reduction was driven by an improvement in externally calculated economic forecasts that flow into our model. |
46
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $2.9 million increase in non-interest income is primarily related to an increase in mortgage banking income of $902 thousand, an increase in investment advisory fees of $1.4 million, and an increase in other income of $468 thousand |
| o | The increase in mortgage banking income was primarily driven by higher secondary market and construction production and higher gain on sale margin during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to the prior year period. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in investment advisory fees was primarily driven by higher assets under management during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to the prior year period. | |
| o | The increase in other non-interest income was primarily related to an increase in ATM/debit card income and rental income. | |
| o | Gain on sale of other real estate owned was due to the sale of one of our other real estate owned properties. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to an increase of $2.7 million in salaries and employee benefits, an increase of $310 thousand in marketing and public relations, and an increase of $1.3 million in merger expenses, combined with an increase of $1.5 million in other non-interest expenses. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in other non-interest expense was primarily driven by increases of $219 thousand in core banking/electronic processing and services, $289 thousand in ATM/debit card processing, $316 thousand in software subscriptions and services, and $328 thousand in legal and professional fees. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Our effective tax rate was 22.7% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to 21.5% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The effective tax rates were affected by a $120 thousand reduction to income tax due to purchases of state tax credits during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 and by a $217 thousand reduction, including $68 thousand related to state tax credits, to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. |
Year Ended December 31, 2024 and
2023
Our net income
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was $14.0 million, or $1.81 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to $11.8
million, or $1.55 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The $2.1 million increase
in net income between the two periods is primarily due to an increase in net interest income of $3.1 million, a decrease in provision
for credit losses of $320 thousand, and an increase in non-interest income of $3.6 million, partially offset by an increase in
non-interest expense of $4.3 million and an increase in income tax expense of $618 thousand.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $154.9 million in average earning assets partially offset by a nine basis point decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $809 thousand provision for credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 is primarily related to a $86.5 million increase in loans held-for-investment partially offset by a $43.7 million decrease in unfunded commitments net of unconditionally cancellable commitments and a reduction of two basis points in our qualitative factors for our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios qualitative factor. This reduction was driven by an improvement in externally calculated economic forecasts that flow into our model. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $1.1 million provision for credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 is primarily related to a $153.2 million increase in loans held-for-investment and a $50.9 million increase in unfunded commitments net of unconditionally cancellable commitments partially offset by a reduction of five basis points in our qualitative factors (four basis points in our changes in total of past due, rated, and nonaccrual / changes in total of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned qualitative factor and one basis point in our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios qualitative factor). The one basis point reduction in our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios factor was driven by an improvement in externally calculated economic forecasts that flow into our model. |
47
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $3.6 million increase in non-interest income is primarily related to an increase in mortgage banking income of $962 thousand, an increase in investment advisory fees of $1.7 million, a decrease in loss on sale of securities of $1.2 million, and an increase of $88 thousand in other non-interest income partially offset by a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $229 thousand and by a decrease in gain on sale of assets of $146 thousand. |
| o | The increase in mortgage banking income was primarily driven by higher secondary market production and higher gain on sale margin during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to the prior year period. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in investment advisory fees was primarily driven by higher assets under management during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to the prior year period. | |
| o | The increase in other non-interest income was primarily related to an increase in gains on insurance proceeds of $73 thousand and an increase in rental income of $25 thousand partially offset by a loss on disposition of assets on the closing of our downtown Augusta, Georgia banking office of $6 thousand. | |
| o | Loss on sale of securities improved by $1.2 million to zero during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to a loss of $1.2 million during the same period in 2023. The $1.2 million loss on sale of securities during 2023 was related to the $39.9 million sale of book value U.S. Treasuries in our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio. | |
| o | The loss on early extinguishment of debt of $229 thousand was related to an early payoff of $35.0 million in FHLB advances. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to an increase of $3.4 million in salaries and employee benefits, an increase in FDIC insurance assessments of $273 thousand, an increase of $215 thousand in other real estate expense, and an increase of $597 thousand in other non-interest expense, partially offset by a decline of $63 thousand in occupancy expense, and a decline of $115 thousand in equipment. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in other non-interest expense was primarily driven by increases of $224 thousand in core banking and electronic processing, $206 thousand in ATM/debit card processing, $252 thousand in software subscriptions and services, legal and professional fees of $163 thousand and $80 thousand in shareholder expense, partially offset by declines of $51 thousand in correspondent services, $223 thousand in debit card and fraud losses, and $95 thousand in loan processing and closing costs. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Our effective tax rate was 21.5% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 21.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The effective tax rates were affected by a $149 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and by a $122 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Furthermore, we purchased $500 thousand of South Carolina State Tax Credits for $432.5 thousand in November 2024, which created a $67.5 thousand non-recurring benefit to income taxes during the twelve months ended November 2024. |
Net Interest Income
Net interest
income is our primary source of revenue. Net interest income is the difference between income earned on assets and interest paid
on deposits and borrowings used to support such assets. Net interest income is determined by the rates earned on our interest-earning
assets and the rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities, and the degree of mismatch and the maturity and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities.
Year Ended December 31, 2025 and
2024
Net interest
income increased $10.0 million, or 19.2%, to $62.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 from $52.0 million for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Our net interest margin increased by 31 basis points to 3.22% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2025 from 2.91% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent
basis, was 3.23% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to 2.92% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024.
Average earning assets increased $140.0 million, or 7.8%, to $1.9 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared
to $1.8 billion in the same period of 2024.
| · | The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a higher level of average earning assets combined with a higher net interest margin. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in loans, investment securities, and interest bearing deposits in other banks. | |
| · | An increase in the yield on earning assets and a reduction in cost of funds resulted in net interest margin expansion. |
48
| o | Investment securities represented 25.9% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to 27.5% during the same period in 2024. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Short-term investments represented 8.1% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to 6.2% during the same period in 2024. | |
| o | Loans represented 66.0% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to 66.3% during the same period in 2024. | |
| o | Effective May 5, 2023, we entered into the Loan Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement for a notional amount of $150.0 million that was designated as a fair value hedge in order to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the fixed rate loans included in the closed loan portfolio. This fair value hedge converts the hedged loans from a fixed rate to a synthetic floating SOFR rate. The Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement will mature on May 5, 2026, and we will pay a fixed coupon rate of 3.58% while receiving the overnight SOFR rate. This interest rate swap positively impacted interest on loans by $1.0 million and $2.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, the swap benefited loan yields with an increase of eight basis points and net interest margin with an increase of five basis points. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the swap benefited loan yields with an increase of 21 basis points and net interest margin with an increase of 14 basis points. |
Average loans
increased $86.6 million, or 7.3%, to $1.3 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 from $1.2 billion for the same
period in 2024. Average loans represented 66.0% of average earning assets during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared
to 66.3% of average earning assets during the same period in 2024. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale) to deposit ratio on
average during 2025 was 73.3%, as compared to 74.4% during 2024. This decrease was due to the growth rate on our average loans
(including loans held-for-sale) in 2025 being exceeded by the growth rate on our deposits of during the same time period. The
loan to deposit ratio (including loans held-for-sale) increased to 75.5% at December 31, 2025 as compared to 73.4% at December
31, 2024. Our growth in loans from December 31, 2024 to December 31, 2025 exceeded our growth in deposits during the same period.
The growth in our average
deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $174.7 million compared to the growth in our average loans of $86.6
million resulted in a reduction in borrowings. The yield on loans increased 0.18% to 5.79% during the twelve months ended December 31,
2025 from 5.61% during the same period in 2024 due to new and renewed loan rates exceeding maturing loan rates. Average securities
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 increased $8.7 million, or 1.8%, to $499.7 million from $491.0 million during the same
period in 2024. Other short-term investments increased $44.7 million to $155.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025
from $110.9 million during the same period in 2024 due to the additional cash on hand as deposit growth outpaced loan growth. The yield
on our securities portfolio declined to 3.39% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 from 3.56% for the same period in
2024. The yield on our other short-term investments declined to 4.16% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 from 4.95% for the
same period in 2024 due to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decreasing the target range of federal funds during the twelve months
of 2025.
The yield on
earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were 5.04% and 5.00%, respectively.
The cost of interest-bearing
liabilities was 2.52% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to 2.88% during the same period in 2024. The cost
of deposits, including demand deposits, was 1.80% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to 1.96% during the
same period in 2024. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 1.88% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025
compared to 2.15% during the same period in 2024. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements (demand deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings deposits, money market accounts, IRAs,
and customer cash management repurchase agreements) as these accounts tend to be low-cost deposits and assist us in controlling
our overall cost of funds. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, these pure deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements averaged 84.9% of total deposits plus customer cash management repurchase agreements as compared to 83.1%
during the same period of 2024.
Year Ended December 31, 2024 and
2023
Net interest
income increased $3.1 million, or 6.4%, to $52.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $48.9 million for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Our net interest margin declined by nine basis points to 2.91% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2024 from 3.00% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent
basis, was 2.92% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 3.01% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
Average earning assets increased $154.9 million, or 9.5%, to $1.8 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared
to $1.6 billion in the same period of 2023.
49
| · | The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in total loans and interest-bearing deposits in other banks, partially offset by declines in securities and other fed funds sold. | |
| · | Earning asset yield growth, which included the benefit of a pay-fixed/receive-floating interest rate swap (the “Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement”) described below, was more than offset by the rising cost of funding, leading to the net interest margin compression. However, our net interest margin expanded from the low of 2.77% in the month of February 2024 to 3.04% in the month of December 2024. Our cost of funds and cost of deposits peaked in 2024 during the month of August 2024 at 2.23% and 2.05%, respectively. Our cost of funds and cost of deposits were 1.98% and 1.87%, respectively, during the month of December 2024. |
| o | Investment securities represented 27.5% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 33.2% during the same period in 2023. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Short-term investments represented 6.2% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2.6% during the same period in 2023. | |
| o | Loans represented 66.3% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 64.2% during the same period in 2023. | |
| o | During 2023, market interest rates increased significantly due to an increase in inflation. During 2024, market interest rates declined as inflation cooled. The target range of federal funds was 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2024 compared to 5.25% - 5.50% at December 31, 2023. | |
| o | Effective May 5, 2023, we entered into Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement for a notional amount of $150.0 million that was designated as a fair value hedge in order to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the fixed rate loans included in the closed loan portfolio. This fair value hedge converts the hedged loans from a fixed rate to a synthetic floating SOFR rate. The Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement will mature on May 5, 2026 and we will pay a fixed coupon rate of 3.58% while receiving the overnight SOFR rate. This interest rate swap positively impacted interest on loans by $2.4 million and $1.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the swap benefited loan yields with an increase of 21 basis points and net interest margin with an increase of 14 basis points. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the swap benefited loan yields with an increase of 16 basis points and net interest margin with an increase of 10 basis points. |
Average loans
increased $136.9 million, or 13.1%, to $1.2 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $1.0 billion for the same
period in 2023. Average loans represented 66.3% of average earning assets during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared
to 64.2% of average earning assets during the same period in 2023. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale) to deposit ratio on
average during 2024 was 74.4%, as compared to 73.2% during 2023. This increase was due to the growth rate on our average loans
(including loans held-for-sale) of 13.1% in 2024 exceeding the growth rate on our deposits of 11.4% during the same time period.
The loan to deposit ratio (including loans held-for-sale) declined to 73.4% at December 31, 2024 as compared to 75.3% at December
31, 2023. Our growth in loans of $91.8 million or 8.1% from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 was exceeded by our growth
in deposits of $164.9 million or 10.4% during the same period.
The growth in
our average deposits of $162.9 million and securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $2.6 million compared to the growth
in our average loans of $136.9 million resulted in a reduction in borrowings. The yield on loans increased 0.62% to 5.61% during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from 4.99% during the same period in 2023 due to market interest rates and the Pay-Fixed
Swap Agreement. Average securities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 declined $50.0 million, or 9.2%, to $491.0 million
from $541.1 million during the same period in 2023. Other short-term investments increased $68.0 million to $110.9 million during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $42.9 million during the same period in 2023 due to the additional cash on hand
as deposit growth outpaced loan growth. The yield on our securities portfolio increased to 3.90% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2024 from 3.36% for the same period in 2023. The yield on our other short-term investments declined to 4.95% for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2024 from 5.11% for the same period in 2023 due to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decreasing
the target range of federal funds during the twelve months of 2024 a total of 1.00% to a target federal funds rate range of 4.25%
– 4.50% at December 31, 2024 from a target federal funds rate range of 5.25% – 5.50% at December 31, 2023.
The yield on
earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were 5.00% and 4.45%, respectively.
The cost of interest-bearing
liabilities was 2.88% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2.06% during the same period in 2023. The cost
of deposits, including demand deposits, was 1.96% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 1.16% during the
same period in 2023. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 2.15% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024
compared to 1.48% during the same period in 2023. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements (demand deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings deposits, money market accounts, IRAs,
and customer cash management repurchase agreements) as these accounts tend to be low-cost deposits and assist us in controlling
our overall cost of funds. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, these pure deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements averaged 83.1% of total deposits plus customer cash management repurchase agreements as compared to 89.9%
during the same period of 2023.
50
Average Balances,
Income Expenses and Rates. The following table depicts, for the periods indicated, certain information related to our average
balance sheet and our average yields on assets and average costs of liabilities. Such yields are derived by dividing income or
expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. Average balances have been derived from daily averages.
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1) | $ | 1,271,673 | $ | 73,655 | 5.79 | % | $ | 1,185,024 | $ | 66,431 | 5.61 | % | $ | 1,048,118 | $ | 52,317 | 4.99 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Taxable Securities | 46,100 | 1,378 | 2.99 | % | 48,761 | 1,420 | 2.91 | % | 50,726 | 1,471 | 2.90 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable Securities | 453,591 | 15,548 | 3.43 | % | 442,278 | 16,084 | 3.64 | % | 490,352 | 16,715 | 3.41 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Int Bearing Deposits in Other Banks | 155,518 | 6,470 | 4.16 | % | 110,844 | 5,484 | 4.95 | % | 42,859 | 2,191 | 5.11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Sold | 78 | 3 | 3.85 | % | 63 | 3 | 4.76 | % | 56 | 3 | 5.36 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | $ | 1,926,960 | $ | 97,054 | 5.04 | % | $ | 1,786,970 | $ | 89,422 | 5.00 | % | $ | 1,632,111 | $ | 72,697 | 4.45 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 24,551 | 24,126 | 25,278 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premises and equipment | 29,587 | 30,313 | 31,145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets | 15,004 | 15,161 | 15,319 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 52,317 | 53,948 | 54,840 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-investments | (21 | ) | (27 | ) | (39 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-loans | (13,440 | ) | (12,736 | ) | (11,677 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,034,958 | $ | 1,897,755 | $ | 1,746,977 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | $ | 350,844 | $ | 4,279 | 1.22 | % | $ | 311,101 | $ | 3,451 | 1.11 | % | $ | 307,415 | $ | 1,760 | 0.57 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 463,405 | 14,015 | 3.02 | % | 417,178 | 13,824 | 3.31 | % | 361,994 | 9,721 | 2.69 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 108,379 | 268 | 0.25 | % | 112,473 | 430 | 0.38 | % | 133,010 | 307 | 0.23 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 339,463 | 12,685 | 3.74 | % | 309,509 | 13,468 | 4.35 | % | 178,339 | 4,775 | 2.68 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Purchased | 11 | 1 | 9.09 | % | 12 | 1 | 8.33 | % | 1,100 | 52 | 4.73 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 111,887 | 2,713 | 2.42 | % | 77,158 | 2,183 | 2.83 | % | 74,586 | 1,658 | 2.22 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | — | — | NA | % | 54,822 | 2,808 | 5.12 | % | 86,614 | 4,345 | 5.02 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Long-Term Debt | 14,964 | 1,071 | 7.16 | % | 14,964 | 1,217 | 8.13 | % | 14,964 | 1,187 | 7.93 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 1,388,953 | $ | 35,032 | 2.52 | % | $ | 1,297,217 | $ | 37,382 | 2.88 | % | $ | 1,158,022 | $ | 23,805 | 2.06 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 471,703 | 443,571 | 450,177 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-unfunded commitments | 489 | 501 | 464 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 18,416 | 19,295 | 14,837 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | $ | 155,397 | $ | 137,171 | $ | 123,477 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 2,034,958 | $ | 1,897,755 | $ | 1,746,977 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of deposits, including demand deposits | 1.80 | % | 1.96 | % | 1.16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of funds, including demand deposits | 1.88 | % | 2.15 | % | 1.48 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest spread | 2.52 | % | 2.12 | % | 2.39 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income/margin | $ | 62,022 | 3.22 | % | $ | 52,040 | 2.91 | % | $ | 48,892 | 3.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent)(2) | $ | 62,309 | 3.23 | % | $ | 52,198 | 2.92 | % | $ | 49,176 | 3.01 | % |
| (1) | All loans and deposits are domestic. Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans and loans held for sale. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Based on a 21.0% marginal tax rate. |
51
The following
table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and the
amount attributable to changes in rate. The combined effect related to volume and rate which cannot be separately identified,
has been allocated proportionately, to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
| 2025 versus 2024 Increase (decrease) due to | 2024 versus 2023 Increase (decrease) due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | ||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 4,968 | $ | 2,256 | $ | 7,224 | $ | 7,267 | $ | 6,847 | $ | 14,114 | ||||||||||||
| Investment securities-taxable | (79 | ) | 37 | (42 | ) | (57 | ) | 6 | (51 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Investment securities- nontaxable | 404 | (940 | ) | (536 | ) | (1,704 | ) | 1,073 | (631 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits in other banks | 1,958 | (972 | ) | 986 | 3,366 | (73 | ) | 3,293 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds sold | 1 | (1 | ) | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 7,252 | 380 | 7,632 | 8,872 | 7,853 | 16,725 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | 466 | 362 | 828 | 21 | 1,670 | 1,691 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 1,457 | (1,266 | ) | 191 | 1,619 | 2,484 | 4,103 | |||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | (15 | ) | (147 | ) | (162 | ) | (53 | ) | 176 | 123 | ||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 1,229 | (2,012 | ) | (783 | ) | 4,699 | 3,994 | 8,693 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fed funds purchased | — | — | — | (74 | ) | 23 | (51 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 876 | (346 | ) | 530 | 59 | 466 | 525 | |||||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | (2,808 | ) | — | (2,808 | ) | (1,627 | ) | 90 | (1,537 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Other long-term debt | — | (146 | ) | (146 | ) | — | 30 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 1,205 | (3,555 | ) | (2,350 | ) | 4,644 | 8,933 | 13,577 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | 6,047 | 3,935 | $ | 9,982 | 4,228 | (1,080 | ) | $ | 3,148 |
Market Risk and Interest
Rate Sensitivity
Market risk reflects
the risk of economic loss resulting from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. The risk of loss can be measured by
either diminished current market values or reduced current and potential net income. Our primary market risk is interest rate risk. We
have established an Asset/Liability Committee of the board of directors (the “ALCO”), which has members from our board of
directors and management to monitor and manage interest rate risk. Our ALCO:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | monitors our compliance with regulatory guidance in the formulation and implementation of our interest rate risk program; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | reviews the results of our interest rate risk modeling quarterly to assess whether we have appropriately measured our interest rate risk, mitigated our exposures appropriately and confirmed that any residual risk is acceptable; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | monitors and manages the pricing and maturity of our assets and liabilities in order to diminish the potential adverse impact that changes in interest rates could have on our net interest income; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | has established policies, policy guidelines, and strategies with respect to interest rate risk exposure and liquidity. |
Further, our ALCO and board of directors
explicitly review our ALCO policies at least annually and review our ALCO assumptions and policy limits quarterly.
We employ a monitoring
technique to measure our interest sensitivity “gap,” which is the positive or negative dollar difference between assets
and liabilities that are subject to interest rate repricing within a given period of time. Simulation modeling is performed to
assess the impact of varying interest rates and balance sheet mix assumptions will have on net interest income. We model the impact
on net interest income for several different changes in the yield curve. We model the impact on net interest income in an increasing
and decreasing rate environment of 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points. We also periodically stress certain assumptions such as
loan prepayment rates, average lives, interest rate betas, and deposit migration to evaluate our overall sensitivity to changes
in interest rates. Policies have been established in an effort to maintain the maximum anticipated negative impact of these modeled
changes in net interest income at no more than 10%, 15%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, in a 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis point change
in interest rates over the first 12-month period subsequent to interest rate changes. Interest rate sensitivity can be managed
by repricing assets or liabilities, selling securities available-for-sale, replacing an asset or liability at maturity, by adjusting
the interest rate during the life of an asset or liability, or by the use of derivatives such as interest rate swaps and other
hedging instruments. Managing the amount of assets and liabilities repricing in the same time interval helps to hedge the risk
and minimize the impact on net interest income of rising or falling interest rates. Neither the “gap” analysis nor
asset/liability modeling is precise indicators of our interest sensitivity position due to the many factors that affect net interest
income including the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in the volume and mix of earning
assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
52
The following
table illustrates our interest rate sensitivity at December 31, 2025.
Interest Sensitivity Analysis
| (Dollars in thousands) | Within One Year | One to Three Years | Three to Five Years | Over Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits | $ | 137,184 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 137,184 | ||||||||||
| Loans(1) | 384,905 | 472,544 | 324,899 | 128,671 | 1,311,019 | |||||||||||||||
| Loans Held for Sale | 10,737 | — | — | — | 10,737 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Securities(2) | 66,254 | 117,751 | 133,818 | 174,344 | 492,167 | |||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 599,080 | 590,295 | 458,717 | 303,015 | 1,951,107 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking accounts | 22,552 | 45,106 | 45,105 | 254,432 | 367,195 | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 28,898 | 57,798 | 57,797 | 326,023 | 470,516 | |||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 6,312 | 12,622 | 12,624 | 71,210 | 102,768 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 332,668 | 7,476 | 1,511 | 145 | 341,800 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 390,430 | 123,002 | 117,037 | 651,810 | 1,282,279 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | 122,153 | — | — | — | 122,153 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 512,583 | 123,002 | 117,037 | 651,810 | 1,404,432 | |||||||||||||||
| Period gap | $ | 86,497 | $ | 467,293 | $ | 341,680 | $ | (348,795 | ) | $ | 546,675 | |||||||||
| Cumulative gap | $ | 86,497 | $ | 553,790 | $ | 895,470 | $ | 546,675 | $ | 546,675 | ||||||||||
| Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets | 14.44 | % | 46.56 | % | 54.33 | % | 28.02 | % | 28.02 | % |
| (1) | Loans classified as nonaccrual as of December 31, 2025 are not included in the balances. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Securities based on amortized cost. |
Net Interest
Income Sensitivity
Based on the
many factors and assumptions used in simulating the effect of changes in interest rates, the following table estimates the hypothetical
percentage change in net interest income at December 31, 2025 and at December 31, 2024 over the subsequent 12 months.
| Change in short-term interest rates | Hypothetical percentage change in net interest income | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Policy Limit | ||||||||||
| +400bp | -15.11 | % | -13.72 | % | -20.00 | % | ||||||
| +300bp | -10.24 | % | -9.20 | % | -20.00 | % | ||||||
| +200bp | -5.83 | % | -5.23 | % | -15.00 | % | ||||||
| +100bp | -2.54 | % | -2.18 | % | -10.00 | % | ||||||
| Flat | — | — | — | |||||||||
| -100bp | +2.74 | % | +2.12 | % | -10.00 | % | ||||||
| -200bp | +5.24 | % | +3.77 | % | -15.00 | % | ||||||
| -300bp | +5.31 | % | +3.04 | % | -20.00 | % | ||||||
| -400bp | +3.49 | % | +0.76 | % | -20.00 | % |
The maximum anticipated
negative impacts of the modeled changes in net interest income were within policy limits at December 31, 2025 and December 31,
2024.
53
Present Value
of Equity Sensitivity
We perform a valuation analysis projecting
future cash flows from assets and liabilities to determine the Present Value of Equity (“PVE”) over a range of changes
in market interest rates. The sensitivity of PVE to changes in interest rates is a measure of the sensitivity of earnings over
a longer time horizon. We have established policy limits for the maximum negative impact of modeled changes in PVE, shown below.
| Change in present value of equity | Hypothetical percentage change in PVE | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Policy Limit | ||||||||||
| +400bp | +1.13 | % | -3.72 | % | -25.00 | % | ||||||
| +300bp | +2.58 | % | -1.47 | % | -25.00 | % | ||||||
| +200bp | +3.11 | % | +0.23 | % | -20.00 | % | ||||||
| +100bp | +2.23 | % | +0.92 | % | -15.00 | % | ||||||
| Flat | — | — | — | |||||||||
| -100bp | -3.84 | % | -2.31 | % | -15.00 | % | ||||||
| -200bp | -9.63 | % | -6.80 | % | -20.00 | % | ||||||
| -300bp | -19.36 | % | -14.97 | % | -25.00 | % | ||||||
| -400bp | -34.26 | % | -27.07 | % | -25.00 | % |
Except for the down 400 basis point
scenario, the maximum anticipated negative impacts of the modeled changes in PVE were within policy limits at December 31, 2025
and December 31, 2024. We are monitoring the risk posed by the down 400 basis point scenario.
Provision and Allowance for Credit
Losses
Year Ended December 31, 2025 and
2024
During the twelve
months ended December 31, 2025, the allowance for credit losses on loans increased $671 thousand to $13.8 million, the allowance
for credit losses on unfunded commitments increased $51 thousand to $531 thousand, and the allowance for credit loss on held-to-maturity
investments declined $4 thousand to $19 thousand compared to December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2025, the combined allowance for
credit losses for loans, unfunded commitments, and investments was $14.4 million compared to $13.6 million at December 31, 2024.
The allowance
for credit losses on loans as a percentage of total loans held-for-investment was 1.05% at December 31, 2025 and 1.08% at December
31, 2024.
The total ACL
is composed of three parts: the ACL for loans, the ACL for unfunded commitments, and the ACL for HTM investments. The ACL for
loans is further composed of the allowance for individually assessed loans, the allowance for collectively assessed expected losses,
the allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments, and the allowance for collectively assessed additional allowance.
The allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments is calculated using a set of qualitative factors, which at December
31, 2025 and 2024 included changes in lending policies and procedures, changes in staff, markets, and products, changes in total
of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned, changes in the loan review system, changes in collateral value for
non-collateral dependent loans, changes in concentration of credits, changes in the legal or regulatory requirements and competition,
data limitations, model imprecision, and reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024,
approximately 91.5% and 91.4%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. When loans, whether commercial
or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income sources
sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a
secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and
we believe that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance
that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any point in time
or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The allowance is also subject
to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such factors as the methodology used to determine
adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies could require us to adjust
our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing asset
ratio was 0.02% of total assets with the nominal level of $372 thousand in non-performing assets at December 31, 2025 compared to 0.04%
and $810 thousand at December 31, 2024. Nonaccrual loans decreased to $202 thousand at December 31, 2025 from $219 thousand at December
31, 2024. We had $2 thousand in accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2025 compared to $48 thousand at December 31,
2024. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.07% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2025 compared to 0.05% at December 31, 2024. The
ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 0.76 % of total bank regulatory risk-based capital at December
31, 2025 from 1.06% at December 31, 2024.
54
There were four loans
totaling $204 thousand (0.02% of total loans) included on non-performing status (nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days and still
accruing) at December 31, 2025. Two of these loans were on nonaccrual status. The largest loan of the two is $201 thousand and is secured
by a first lien mortgage. The balance of the remaining loan on nonaccrual status is $1 thousand, and it is secured by a second
lien mortgage. We had five loans totaling $267 thousand that were accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2024. At December
31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we considered loan relationships exceeding $500 thousand and on nonaccrual status as individually assessed
loans for the allowance for credit losses. At December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no individually assessed loans. The specific
allowance for individually assessed loans is based on the fair value of collateral method or present value of expected cash flows method.
For collateral dependent loans, the fair value of collateral method is used, and the fair value is determined by an independent
appraisal less estimated selling costs. There were no specific allowances for credit losses on our individually assessed loans at December
31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2025, we had $934 thousand in loans that were delinquent 30 days to 89 days representing
0.07% of total loans compared to $554 thousand or 0.05% of total loans at December 31, 2024.
Year Ended December 31, 2024 and
2023
On January
1, 2023, we adopted CECL, which resulted in a day one reduction of $14 thousand to the allowance for credit losses on loans
offset by increases of $398 thousand to the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments and $43.5 thousand to the
allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity investments. Furthermore, deferred tax assets increased $90 thousand and retained
earnings declined $337 thousand. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on loans increased
$868 thousand to $13.1 million, the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments declined $117 thousand to $480 thousand,
and the allowance for credit loss on held-to-maturity investments declined $7 thousand to $23 thousand compared to the day one
CECL results, the allowance for credit losses on loans increased $945 thousand to $12.3 million at December 31, 2023 from $11.3
million at January 1, 2023; the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments increased $199 thousand to $597 thousand as
of December 31, 2023 from $398 thousand as of January 1, 2023; and the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity investments
declined $14 thousand to $30 thousand at December 31, 2023 from $43.5 thousand at January 1, 2023. At December 31, 2024, the combined
allowance for credit losses for loans, unfunded commitments, and investments was $13.6 million compared to $12.9 million at December
31, 2023 and $11.8 million at January 1, 2023.
The allowance
for credit losses on loans as a percentage of total loans held-for-investment was 1.08% at December 31, 2024, 1.08% at December
31, 2023 and 1.15% at January 1, 2023.
The total ACL
is composed of three parts: the ACL for loans, the ACL for unfunded commitments, and the ACL for HTM investments. The ACL for
loans is further composed of the allowance for individually assessed loans, the allowance for collectively assessed expected losses,
the allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments, and the allowance for collectively assessed additional allowance.
The allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments is calculated using a set of qualitative factors, which at December
31, 2024 and 2023 included changes in lending policies and procedures, changes in staff, markets, and products, change in total
of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned, changes in the loan review system, changes in collateral value for
non-collateral dependent loans, changes in concentration of credits, changes in the legal or regulatory requirements and competition,
data limitations, model imprecision, and reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023,
approximately 91.4% and 91.7%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. When loans, whether commercial
or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income sources
sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a
secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and
we believe that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance
that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any point in time
or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The allowance is also subject
to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such factors as the methodology used to determine
adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies could require us to adjust
our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing
asset ratio was 0.04% of total assets with the nominal level of $810 thousand in non-performing assets at December 31, 2024 compared
to 0.05% and $864 thousand at December 31, 2023. Nonaccrual loans increased to $219 thousand at December 31, 2024 from $27 thousand
at December 31, 2023. We had $48 thousand in accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2024 compared to $215 thousand
at December 31, 2023. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.05% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2024 compared to
0.06% at December 31, 2023. The ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 1.06% of total bank
regulatory risk-based capital at December 31, 2024 from 1.25% at December 31, 2023.
55
There were five loans
totaling $267 thousand (0.02% of total loans) included on non-performing status (nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days and still
accruing) at December 31, 2024. Two of these loans were on nonaccrual status. The largest loan of the two is $217 thousand and is secured
by a first lien mortgage. The balance of the remaining loan on nonaccrual status is $2 thousand, and it is secured by a second
lien mortgage. We had two loans totaling $215 thousand that were accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2023. At December
31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we considered loan relationships exceeding $500 thousand and on nonaccrual status as individually assessed
loans for the allowance for credit losses. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had no individually assessed loans. The specific
allowance for individually assessed loans is based on the fair value of collateral method or present value of expected cash flows method.
For collateral dependent loans, the fair value of collateral method is used, and the fair value is determined by an independent
appraisal less estimated selling costs. There were no specific allowances for credit losses on our individually assessed loans at December
31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024, we had $554 thousand in loans that were delinquent 30 days to 89 days representing
0.05% of total loans compared to $498 thousand or 0.04% of total loans at December 31, 2023.
The following
table summarizes the activity related to our allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for Credit Losses
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average loans outstanding (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 1,261,822 | $ | 1,180,482 | $ | 1,044,983 | ||||||
| Loans outstanding at period end (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 1,311,019 | $ | 1,230,204 | $ | 1,134,019 | ||||||
| Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 202 | $ | 219 | $ | 27 | ||||||
| Loans past due 90 days and still accruing | $ | 2 | $ | 48 | $ | 215 | ||||||
| Beginning balance of allowance | $ | 13,135 | $ | 12,267 | $ | 11,336 | ||||||
| CECL Day 1 Adjustment | — | — | (14 | ) | ||||||||
| Loans charged-off: | ||||||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | 2 | 2 | — | |||||||||
| Commercial | — | 88 | 20 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 130 | 94 | 67 | |||||||||
| Total loans charged-off | 132 | 184 | 87 | |||||||||
| Recoveries: | ||||||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | 3 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | — | 18 | 9 | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | 11 | 11 | 37 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | 8 | 9 | 22 | |||||||||
| Commercial | 18 | 61 | 5 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 41 | 18 | 18 | |||||||||
| Total recoveries | 81 | 119 | 93 | |||||||||
| Net loans (charged off) recovered | (51 | ) | (65 | ) | 6 | |||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 722 | 933 | 939 | |||||||||
| Balance at period end | $ | 13,806 | $ | 13,135 | $ | 12,267 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans and loans held-for-sale | 0.00 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as percent of total loans | 1.05 | % | 1.08 | % | 1.08 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans as % of total loans | 0.02 | % | 0.04 | % | 0.02 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as % of non-performing loans | 6,767.65 | % | 4,919.48 | % | 5,069.01 | % | ||||||
| Nonaccrual loans as % of total loans | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as % of nonaccrual loans | 6,834.65 | % | 5,997.72 | % | 45,433.33 | % |
56
The following
table details net charge-offs to average loans outstanding by loan category for the years ended December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial | ||||||||||||
| Net (recoveries) charge-offs | $ | (11 | ) | $ | 27 | $ | 15 | |||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 90,036 | $ | 82,478 | $ | 76,315 | ||||||
| Net (recoveries) charge-offs /average loans | (0.01 | )% | 0.03 | % | 0.02 | % | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||
| Net recoveries | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 152,136 | $ | 140,065 | $ | 99,502 | ||||||
| Net recoveries/average loans | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Mortgage-residential | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | — | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | ||||
| Average loans for the year(1) | $ | 127,906 | $ | 110,345 | $ | 76,604 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans(1) | 0.00 | % | (0.02 | )% | (0.01 | )% | ||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (16 | ) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (37 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 825,323 | $ | 794,728 | $ | 747,202 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||
| Net recoveries | $ | (8 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (22 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 47,597 | $ | 36,767 | $ | 30,884 | ||||||
| Net recoveries/average loans | (0.02 | )% | (0.02 | )% | (0.07 | )% | ||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs | $ | 89 | $ | 78 | $ | 49 | ||||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 18,024 | $ | 16,099 | $ | 14,476 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs/average loans | 0.48 | % | 0.48 | % | 0.34 | % | ||||||
| Total: | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 51 | $ | 65 | $ | (6 | ) | |||||
| Average loans for the year(1) | $ | 1,261,822 | $ | 1,180,482 | $ | 1,044,983 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans(1) | 0.00 | % | 0.01 | % | 0.00 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Average loans exclude loans held for sale |
Accrual of interest
is discontinued on loans when we believe, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that a borrower’s
financial condition is such that the collection of interest is doubtful. A delinquent loan is generally placed in nonaccrual status when
it becomes 90 days or more past due. At the time a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest, which has been accrued on the loan
but remains unpaid, is reversed and deducted from earnings as a reduction of reported interest income. No additional interest is accrued
on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably certain.
57
The following
table shows the allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans:
Allocation of the Allowance for
Credit Losses on Loans
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Amount | % of loans in category | Amount | % of loans in category | Amount | % of loans in category | ||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | $ | 1,050 | 7.6 | % | $ | 994 | 7.6 | % | $ | 935 | 7.6 | % | ||||||||||||
| Real Estate Construction | 1,654 | 12.0 | % | 1,675 | 12.8 | % | 1,337 | 10.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 8,349 | 60.4 | % | 7,974 | 60.6 | % | 8,146 | 66.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential | 1,720 | 12.5 | % | 1,639 | 12.5 | % | 1,122 | 9.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer - Home Equity | 706 | 5.1 | % | 568 | 4.3 | % | 472 | 3.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 327 | 2.4 | % | 285 | 2.2 | % | 255 | 2.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Unallocated | — | N/A | — | N/A | — | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 13,806 | 100.0 | % | $ | 13,135 | 100.0 | % | $ | 12,267 | 100.0 | % |
Non-interest Income and
Expense
Non-interest
Income. A source of noninterest income is service charges on deposit accounts. We also originate and sell residential loans
on a servicing released basis in the secondary market. These loans are originated in our name. The loans have locked in price
commitments to be purchased by investors at the time of closing. Therefore, these loans present very little market risk for us.
We typically deliver to, and receive funding from, the investor within 30 days. Other sources of noninterest income are derived
from investment advisory fees and commissions on non-deposit investment products, ATM/debit card fees, commissions on check sales,
safe deposit box rent, wire transfer, official check fees, rental income, and bank owned life insurance income.
Non-interest
income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 increased to $16.9 million from $14.0 million during the same period in
2024. The increase in non-interest income is primarily related to increases in mortgage banking income and investment advisory
fees and non-deposit commissions.
Mortgage banking
income increased $902 thousand to $3.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 from $2.4 million during the same
period in 2024. Secondary mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 was $115.4 million compared to
$79.3 million during the same period in 2024 while the gain on sale margin decreased to 2.82% during the twelve months ended December
31, 2025 from 2.96% during the same period in 2024.
Total mortgage
production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 was $202.7 million, $115.4 million of the production was originated
to be sold in the secondary market, $16.8 million of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment
portfolio, and $70.5 million of the loan production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. As these
ARM and new construction residential real estate loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the result
is additive to loan growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest income
as mortgage banking income.
Investment advisory
fees increased by $1.4 million to $7.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 from $6.2 million during the same
period in 2024. Total assets under management were $1.2 billion at December 31, 2025 compared to $926.0 million at December 31, 2024.
Our net new assets were $83.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025. Furthermore, our investment performance for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2025 was 17.3% compared to 16.4% for the S&P 500.
The $229 thousand
loss on early extinguishment of debt included in other income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 resulted from our decision to use available
cash to reduce FHLB advances to zero, including the pre-payment of $35.0 million in FHLB advances during the fourth quarter of
2024. We believe this reduction in these borrowings positioned us for improvements in net interest income and margin in the future.
Non-interest income
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 increased to $14.0 million from $10.4 million during the same period in 2023. The $3.6
million increase in non-interest income is primarily related to a reduction in loss on sale of securities of $1.2 million, increases
in mortgage banking income of $962 thousand, investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions of $1.7 million, and an increase in
gains on insurance proceeds of $73 thousand partially offset by a decrease in gain on sale of other assets of $146 thousand and
a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $229 thousand.
58
During
the third quarter of 2023, we sold $39.9 million of book value U.S. Treasuries in our available-for-sale investment securities
portfolio. While this sale created a one-time pre-tax loss of $1.2 million, it provided additional liquidity which was used to
pay down borrowings and fund loan growth. The weighted average book yield of the securities sold was 1.75% and the projected earn
back period is 1.6 years. There was no such similar sale during 2024.
Mortgage banking
income increased $962 thousand to $2.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $1.4 million during the same
period in 2023. Secondary mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was $79.3 million compared to $49.7
million during the same period in 2023 while the gain on sale margin increased to 2.96% during the twelve months ended December
31, 2024 from 2.83% during the same period in 2023.
During 2022, we began
to market an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) product to provide borrowers with an alternative to fixed-rate mortgages and to help offset
anticipated mortgage production challenges. Currently, we are offering 5/6, 7/6, and 10/6 ARM loans that are originated for our loans
held-for-investment portfolio. Furthermore, in 2022, we added a new construction residential real estate team and product. Total mortgage
production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was $165.6 million, $79.3 million of the production was originated to be
sold in the secondary market, while $40.9 million of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment
portfolio, and $45.4 million of the loan production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. As these ARM
and new construction residential real estate loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the result is additive
to loan growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest income as mortgage banking
income.
Investment advisory
fees increased by $1.7 million to $6.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $4.5 million during the same
period in 2023. Total assets under management were $926.0 million at December 31, 2024 compared to $755.4 million at December 31, 2023.
Our net new assets were $37.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Furthermore, our investment performance for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was 17.6% compared to 23.3% for the S&P 500.
Gain (loss) on
sale of other assets declined $146 thousand to a gain of $5 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $151
thousand during the same period in 2023 due to an income tax recovery in 2024 on a previously sold other real estate owned property
and due to a sale of other real estate owned during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
The $229 thousand
loss on early extinguishment of debt during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 resulted from our decision to use available
cash to reduce FHLB advances to zero, including the pre-payment of $35.0 million in FHLB advances during the fourth quarter of
2024. We believe this reduction in these borrowings positioned us for improvements in net interest income and margin in the future.
59
The following table
sets forth the primary components of noninterest income for the periods indicated:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Deposit service charges | 922 | 952 | 963 | |||||||||
| Mortgage banking income | 3,270 | 2,368 | 1,406 | |||||||||
| Investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions | 7,565 | 6,181 | 4,511 | |||||||||
| Loss on sale of securities | — | — | (1,249 | ) | ||||||||
| Gain on sale of other real estate owned | 127 | — | 151 | |||||||||
| Loss on sale of other assets | — | (5 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Other non-recurring income | 190 | 105 | 121 | |||||||||
| ATM/debit card income | 2,875 | 2,758 | 2,771 | |||||||||
| Recurring income on bank owned life insurance | 827 | 799 | 745 | |||||||||
| Rental income | 466 | 395 | 370 | |||||||||
| Other service fees including safe deposit box fees | 236 | 230 | 230 | |||||||||
| Wire transfer fees | 147 | 123 | 119 | |||||||||
| Other | 320 | 98 | 283 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 16,945 | $ | 14,004 | $ | 10,421 |
Non-interest
Expense. In the very competitive financial services industry, we recognize the need to place a great deal of emphasis on expense
management and continually evaluate and monitor growth in discretionary expense categories in order to control future increases.
Non-interest expense
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 increased $5.9 million to $53.3 million from $47.5 million during the same period in
2024. The increase is primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits of $2.7 million, increases in equipment of $101 thousand,
increases in marketing and public relations of $310 thousand, increases in merger expense of $1.3 million, and increases in other
non-interest expenses of $1.5 million.
| · | Salary and benefit expense increased $2.7 million to $31.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 from $29.3 million during the same period in 2024. This increase is primarily a result of higher incentive compensation and annual bonuses due to higher than planned performance, and normal salary adjustments. We had 265 full-time employees, 10 part-time employees, and seven seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2025 compared to 260 full-time employees, 10 part-time employees, and eight seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2024. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | Equipment expense increased $101 thousand to $1.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to $1.5 million during the same period in 2024 primarily due to higher equipment maintenance and repairs and auto expense. | |
| · | Marketing and public relations increased $310 thousand to $1.8 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 from $1.5 million during the same period in 2024 primarily due to timing of planned media production and campaigns. | |
| · | Merger expense increased $1.3 million to $1.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to zero during the same period in 2024 due to the acquisition of Signature Bank of Georgia. | |
| · | Other expense increased $1.5 million to $12.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to $10.7 million during the same period in 2024, which included |
| o | Core banking and electronic processing and services increased $219 thousand or 8.0% primarily due to an increase in the cost of our core service provider, FIS as a result of higher customer activity and enhanced technology. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | ATM/debit card processing increased $289 thousand or 22.6% as EFT processing expense increased during the period. | |
| o | Software subscriptions and services increased $316 thousand or 25.1% due to new subscriptions and higher renewal rates. |
| o | Telephone expense decreased $78 thousand or 15.1% due to a change in our telecommunications vendor, which resulted in paying two vendors for a period of time in 2024 and due to a $29 thousand write-off of the remainder of a contract related to the closing of our downtown Augusta, Georgia banking office in 2024. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Legal and professional fees increased $328 thousand, or 27.2%, primarily due to an increase in auditing costs and higher legal expense. |
60
Non-interest
expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 increased $4.3 million to $47.5 million from $43.1 million during the
same period in 2023. The increase is primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits of $3.4 million, increases in
marketing and public relations expense of $15 thousand, increases in FDIC Insurance assessments of $273 thousand, increases in
other real estate expense, net, of $215 thousand, and increases in other non-interest expense of $597 thousand, partially offset
by a decline in occupancy expense of $63 thousand and equipment expense of $115 thousand.
| · | Salary and benefit expense increased $3.4 million to $29.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $25.9 million during the same period in 2023. This increase is primarily a result of normal salary adjustments and an increase of approximately $834 thousand in additional annual incentive compensation. We had 260 full-time employees, ten part-time employees, and eight seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2024 compared to 268 full-time employees, 14 part-time employees, and five seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2023. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | Occupancy expense declined $63 thousand to $3.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $3.2 million during the same period in 2023 primarily due to lower building and yard maintenance costs and lease expense partially offset by higher janitorial services. | |
| · | Equipment expense declined $115 thousand to $1.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $1.6 million during the same period in 2023 primarily due to lower equipment depreciation, equipment maintenance and repairs, and auto expense. | |
| · | Marketing and public relations increased $15 thousand to $1.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $1.5 million during the same period in 2023 primarily due to timing of planned media production and campaigns. | |
| · | FDIC assessments increased $273 thousand to $1.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $904 thousand during the same period in 2023 due to an increase in our FDIC assessment rate and our assets. | |
| · | Other real estate expenses increased $215 thousand to $103 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $112 thousand in contra expenses or credits during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. This was primarily due to a return to normal activity during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to a significant reversal in accruals for real estate taxes on a non-accrual loan, which were either paid by the borrower or recovered as a result of the sale of the real estate. | |
| · | Other expenses increased $597 thousand to $10.7 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $10.1 million during the same period in 2023, which included |
| o | Core banking and electronic processing and services increased $224 thousand or 8.9% primarily due to an increase in the cost of our core service provider, FIS as a result of higher customer activity and enhanced technology. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | ATM/debit card processing increased $206 thousand or 19.2% as EFT processing expense increased during the period. | |
| o | Software subscriptions and services increased $252 thousand or 25.0% due to new subscriptions and higher renewal rates. |
| o | Debit card and fraud losses declined $223 thousand, or 52.8%, due to a decline in fraud losses. Debit card and fraud losses rose during 2023 due to an extraordinary spike in mail check fraud losses during the third quarter of 2023. We responded to this spike with countermeasures including deploying additional resources, and conducting a formal customer education marketing campaign called “THINK TWICE,” which requests customers who have been a victim of fraud to enhance their check authorization processes and upgrade to our current fraud detection system. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Telephone expense increased $32 thousand or 6.6% due to a change in our telecommunications vendor, which resulted in paying two vendors for a period of time and due to a $29 thousand write-off the remainder of a contract related to the closing of our downtown Augusta, Georgia banking office. | |
| o | Loan processing and closing costs declined $95 thousand or 28.7% primarily due to lower average new loan sizes in 2024 and fees paid for a home equity campaign in 2023. | |
| o | Legal and professional fees increased $163 thousand, or 15.6%, primarily due to an increase in auditing costs and higher legal expense. |
61
The following
table sets forth the primary components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 31,949 | $ | 29,263 | $ | 25,864 | ||||||
| Occupancy | 3,142 | 3,094 | 3,157 | |||||||||
| Equipment | 1,552 | 1,451 | 1,566 | |||||||||
| Marketing and public relations | 1,821 | 1,511 | 1,496 | |||||||||
| FDIC Insurance assessments | 1,117 | 1,177 | 904 | |||||||||
| Other real estate expense (income) | 138 | 103 | (112 | ) | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 158 | 158 | 158 | |||||||||
| Merger | 1,264 | — | — | |||||||||
| Core banking and electronic processing and services | 2,955 | 2,736 | 2,512 | |||||||||
| ATM/debit card processing | 1,569 | 1,280 | 1,074 | |||||||||
| Software subscriptions and services | 1,576 | 1,260 | 1,008 | |||||||||
| Supplies | 159 | 151 | 134 | |||||||||
| Telephone | 439 | 517 | 485 | |||||||||
| Courier | 313 | 296 | 284 | |||||||||
| Correspondent services | 295 | 303 | 354 | |||||||||
| Insurance | 435 | 406 | 381 | |||||||||
| Debit card and Fraud losses | 209 | 199 | 422 | |||||||||
| Investment advisory services | 365 | 344 | 329 | |||||||||
| Loan processing and closing costs | 328 | 236 | 331 | |||||||||
| Director fees | 649 | 603 | 601 | |||||||||
| Legal and Professional fees | 1,533 | 1,205 | 1,042 | |||||||||
| Shareholder expense | 289 | 277 | 197 | |||||||||
| Other | 1,083 | 895 | 957 | |||||||||
| $ | 53,338 | $ | 47,465 | $ | 43,144 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| * | Core banking and electronic processing and services include core processing, bill payment, online banking, remote deposit capture, wire processing services and postage costs for mailing customer notices and statements. |
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expense
for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 were $5.7 million, $3.8 million, and $3.2 million, respectively. See Note 14 “Income
Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. We recognize deferred tax assets for future deductible
amounts resulting from differences in the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and operating loss carry forwards.
The deferred tax assets are established based on the amounts expected to be paid/recovered at existing tax rates. A valuation allowance
is established to reduce the deferred tax asset to the level that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will be realized. Our
effective tax rates were 22.7 %, 21.5%, and 21.3%, for the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively.
The effective tax rates were affected by a $120 thousand reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, by
a $217 thousand reduction to income tax expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, and by a $122 thousand reduction
to income taxes during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The $120 thousand reduction in 2025 and $68 thousand of the reduction
in 2024 were related to South Carolina State Tax Credits. As a result of our current level of tax-exempt securities in our investment
portfolio and our BOLI holdings, assuming the current corporate rate remains unchanged, our effective tax rate is expected to be approximately
22.25% to 22.75%.
Financial Position
Assets increased
$99.7 million, or 5.1%, to $2.1 billion at December 31, 2025 from $2.0 billion at December 31, 2024. The $99.7 million increase
in assets was primarily due to loans (excluding loans held-for-sale), which increased $90.5 million, or 7.4%, to $1.3 billion
at December 31, 2025 from $1.2 billion at December 31, 2024.
62
Earning Assets
Loans and loans held-for-sale
Loans held-for-sale
increased to $10.7 million at December 31, 2025 from $9.7 million at December 31, 2024. Loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) increased
$90.5 million, or 7.4%, to $1.3 billion at December 31, 2025 from $1.2 billion at December 31, 2024. Total loan production, excluding
mortgage secondary market and new construction residential real estate, was $202.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31,
2025 compared to $138.4 million during the same period in 2024. Advances from unfunded commercial construction loans available for draws
were $48.8 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025. Total mortgage production during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2025 was $202.7 million, $115.4 million of the production was originated to be sold in the secondary market, $16.8 million
of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio, and $70.5 million of the loan
production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. Total mortgage production during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2024 was $165.6 million, $79.3 million of the production was originated to be sold in the secondary market, $40.9 million
of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio, and $45.4 million of the loan production
was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. The increase in mortgage production was due to higher secondary market,
and new construction loans, partially offset by lower portfolio production. Payoffs and paydowns increased to $120.3 million during the
twelve months ended December 31, 2025 compared to $113.2 million during the same period in 2024. The loan-to-deposit ratio (including
loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 75.5% and 73.4%, respectively. The loan-to-deposit ratio (excluding
loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 74.9% and 72.8%, respectively.
Based on the Bank’s
loan portfolio as of December 31, 2025, its non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans and its construction and land development
loans were approximately 307% and 71% of total risk-based capital, respectively. Furthermore, our three-year growth in
non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans was 37% from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2025. We have expertise and a long
history in originating and managing commercial real estate loans. We have a strong credit underwriting process, which includes management
and board oversight. We perform rigorous monitoring, stress testing, and reporting of these portfolios at the management and board levels,
and we continue to monitor the level of the concentration in commercial real estate loans within the Bank’s loan portfolio monthly.
Loans typically
provide higher yields than the other types of earning assets. During 2025 and 2024, loans accounted for 66.0% and 66.3% of average
earning assets, respectively. The loan portfolio (including held-for-sale) averaged $1.3 billion in 2025 as compared to $1.2 billion
in 2024. Quality loan portfolio growth continued to be a strategic focus of ours in 2025. However, with the higher loan yields,
there are inherent credit and liquidity risks, which we attempt to control and counterbalance. One of our goals as a community
bank continues to be to grow our assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to small and mid-size businesses, as well
as individuals within the markets we serve. We remain committed to meeting the credit needs of our local markets, but adverse
national and local economic conditions, as well as deterioration of our asset quality, could significantly impact our ability
to grow our loan portfolio. Significant increases in regulatory capital expectations beyond the traditional “well capitalized”
ratios and significantly increased regulatory burdens could impede our ability to leverage our balance sheet and expand the loan
portfolio.
The following
table shows the composition of the loan portfolio by category:
| (In thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial, financial & agricultural | $ | 91,930 | $ | 86,616 | $ | 78,134 | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | 152,077 | 152,155 | 118,225 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—residential | 130,476 | 124,751 | 94,796 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—commercial | 863,422 | 796,411 | 791,947 | |||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home equity | 53,693 | 42,304 | 34,752 | |||||||||
| Other | 19,421 | 18,305 | 16,165 | |||||||||
| Total gross loans | $ | 1,311,019 | $ | 1,220,542 | $ | 1,134,019 | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | (13,806 | ) | (13,135 | ) | (12,267 | ) | ||||||
| Total net loans | $ | 1,297,713 | $ | 1,207,407 | $ | 1,121,752 |
In the context
of this discussion, a real estate mortgage loan is defined as any loan, other than loans for construction purposes, secured by
real estate, regardless of the purpose of the loan. We follow the common practice of financial institutions in our market area
of obtaining a security interest in real estate whenever possible, in addition to any other available collateral. This collateral
is taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment of the loan and tends to increase the magnitude of the real estate
loan components. Generally, we limit the loan-to-value ratio to 80%. The principal components of our loan portfolio at December
31, 2025 and 2024 were commercial mortgage loans in the amount of $863.4 million and $796.4 million, respectively, representing
65.9% and 65.3% of the portfolio, respectively, excluding loans held for sale. Significant portions of these commercial mortgage
loans are made to finance owner-occupied real estate. We continue to maintain a conservative philosophy regarding our underwriting
guidelines, and believe we will reduce the risk elements of the loan portfolio through strategies that diversify the lending mix.
The repayment
of loans in the loan portfolio as they mature is a source of liquidity. The following table sets forth the loans maturing within
specified intervals at December 31, 2025.
63
Loan Maturity Schedule
and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | One Year or Less | Over One Year Through Five Years | Over Five Years Through Fifteen years | Over Fifteen Years | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 22,144 | $ | 48,718 | $ | 21,068 | $ | — | $ | 91,930 | |||||||||
| Real estate: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Construction(1) | 44,400 | 94,466 | 13,211 | — | 152,077 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-residential | 6,447 | 12,526 | 3,664 | 107,839 | 130,476 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | 92,539 | 641,443 | 128,558 | 882 | 863,422 | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 1,109 | 9,558 | 43,026 | — | 53,693 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 7,157 | 10,983 | 934 | 347 | 19,421 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 173,796 | $ | 817,694 | $ | 210,461 | $ | 109,068 | $ | 1,311,019 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Included in construction loans are construction-to-permanent loans that will move to their permanent loan category upon completion of the construction phase. |
Loans
maturing after one year with:
| Variable Rate | $ | 204,780 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Rate | 932,443 | ||
| $ | 1,137,223 |
The information
presented in the above table is based on the contractual maturities of the individual loans, including loans which may be subject
to renewal at their contractual maturity. Renewal of such loans is subject to review and credit approval, as well as modification
of terms upon their maturity.
Investment
Securities
Our investment securities
portfolio is a significant component of our total earning assets. Investment securities increased $493 thousand to $492.2 million,
net of allowance for credit losses on investments of $19 thousand, at December 31, 2025 from $491.7 million, net of allowance for credit
losses on investments of $23 thousand, at December 31, 2024. Our investment securities portfolio averaged $499.7 million in 2025, as
compared to $491.0 million in 2024, which represents 25.9% and 27.5% of the average earning assets for the years ended December 31, 2025
and 2024, respectively.
On June 1, 2022, we
reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred
at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized
net holding loss on the available-for-sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued to be
reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest income over
the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of this transfer. The
remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $10.6 million ($8.4 million net of tax) at December
31, 2025. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $12.3 million ($9.7 million net of tax) at December
31, 2024.
Our AFS investments
totaled $294.1 million or approximately 59.8% of our total investments at December 31, 2025. Our HTM investments totaled $195.1
million and represented approximately 39.6% of our total investments at December 31, 2025. Our investments at cost totaled $2.9
million or approximately 0.16% of our total investments at December 31, 2025. The unrealized losses on our investment securities
are related to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary negative impact on the fair value of our investment securities
portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is included in shareholders’ equity.
At December 31,
2025, the estimated weighted average life of our total investment portfolio was 5.2 years, the modified duration was 4.0,
the effective duration was 3.1, and the weighted average tax equivalent book yield was 3.61%. At December 31, 2024,
the estimated weighted average life of our total investment portfolio was 5.7 years, the modified duration was 4.4, the effective
duration was 3.5, and the weighted average tax equivalent book yield was 3.68%.
We held no debt
securities rated below investment grade at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
The following
table shows the Available-for Sale investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Securities available-for-sale at fair value: | |||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | 24,093 | $ | 13,240 | $ | 18,346 | |||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | 2,256 | 2,110 | 2,129 | ||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | 8,668 | 12,079 | 15,721 | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 252,185 | 244,204 | 238,159 | ||||||||
| Corporate and Other Securities | 6,907 | 7,949 | 7,871 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 294,109 | $ | 279,582 | $ | 282,266 |
64
The following
table shows the Held-to-Maturity investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Securities held-to-maturity at fair value: | |||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 93,066 | $ | 96,918 | $ | 104,250 | |||||
| State and local government | 102,050 | 99,122 | 101,268 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 195,116 | $ | 196,040 | $ | 205,518 |
We hold other
investments carried at cost totaling $2.9 million and $2.7 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Other investments,
at cost, include Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock in the amount of $1.4 million, corporate stock in the amount
of $1.0 million, and a venture capital fund in the amount of $571.1 thousand at December 31, 2025. We held FHLB stock in the amount
of $1.3 million, corporate stock in the amount of $1.0 million, and a venture capital fund in the amount of $399.2 thousand at
December 31, 2024. These are equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Investment in the FHLB of Atlanta is
a condition of borrowing from the FHLB of Atlanta. FHLB stock is carried at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment based
on an assessment of the ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as interest income. Dividends
received on other investments, at cost are reported as interest income.
Investment
Securities Maturity Distribution and Yields
The following
table shows, at amortized cost, the expected maturities and weighted average yield, which is calculated using amortized cost as
the weight and tax-equivalent book yield, of securities held at December 31, 2025:
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within One Year | After One But Within Five Years | After Five But Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | 9,952 | 4.05 | % | $ | 5,929 | 0.95 | % | $ | 9,923 | 1.28 | % | $ | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | — | — | — | — | 2,500 | 2.00 | % | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | 8 | 4.40 | % | 2,749 | 5.27 | % | 2,610 | 4.32 | % | 3,491 | 5.43 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 2,377 | 3.15 | % | 7,089 | 3.35 | % | 3,738 | 3.55 | % | 248,891 | 3.93 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other securities | — | — | 1,993 | 6.39 | % | 5,500 | 3.44 | % | 13 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 12,338 | 3.88 | % | $ | 17,759 | 3.19 | % | $ | 24,271 | 2.52 | % | $ | 252,383 | 3.95 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Within One Year | After One But Within Five Years | After Five But Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held-to-Maturity: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 2,613 | 3.11 | % | $ | 39,689 | 3.25 | % | $ | 6,507 | 3.29 | % | $ | 44,257 | 3.28 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| State and local government | 3,002 | 3.65 | 25,517 | 3.43 | % | 47,167 | 3.55 | % | 26,383 | 3.30 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities held-to-maturity | $ | 5,616 | 3.40 | % | $ | 64,925 | 3.32 | % | $ | 53,673 | 3.52 | % | $ | 70,921 | 3.29 | % |
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments,
which consist of federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and interest-bearing deposits, averaged $155.6
million in 2025, compared to $110.9 million in 2024. The increase in short-term investments in 2025 is primarily due to deposit
growth exceeding loan growth, which resulted in additional cash on hand for short-term investments. We maintain the majority of
our short-term overnight investments in our account at the Federal Reserve rather than in federal funds at various correspondent
banks due to the lower regulatory capital risk weighting. These funds are an immediate source of liquidity and are generally invested
in an earning capacity on an overnight basis.
Deposits and Other Interest-Bearing
Liabilities
Deposits. Deposits
increased $73.6 million, or 4.4%, to $1.8 billion at December 31, 2025 compared to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2024. Our pure
deposits, which are defined as total deposits less certificates of deposits, increased $60.1 million, or 4.4%, to $1.44 billion
at December 31, 2025 from $1.38 billion at December 31, 2024. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits as a percentage
of total deposits in order to better manage our overall cost of funds.
65
To secure a cost-effective
stable funding source, during the third quarter of 2023, we issued $48.2 million in brokered certificates of deposit ranging in
terms from six months to three years, with the three year term callable after six months. We had zero and $10.4 million dollars
in brokered deposits at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Total uninsured deposits
were $581.3 million and $542.9 million at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Included in uninsured deposits at December
31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $92.4 million and $105.8 million of deposits of states or political subdivisions in the U.S.,
which are secured or collateralized, respectively. Total uninsured deposits, excluding these deposits that are secured or collateralized,
totaled $488.9 million, or 27.9%, of total deposits at December 31, 2025 and $437.1 million, or 26.1%, of total deposits
at December 31, 2024.
The average balance
of all customer deposit accounts at December 31, 2025 was $29 thousand. The average balance for consumer accounts was $17 thousand
and the average balance for non-consumer accounts was $63 thousand.
The following
table sets forth the average deposits by category:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Annual Average | Interest Rate | Annual Average | Interest Rate | Annual Average | Interest Rate | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposit accounts | $ | 471,703 | — | % | $ | 443,571 | — | % | $ | 450,177 | — | % | ||||||||||||
| Interest bearing checking accounts | 350,844 | 1.22 | % | 311,101 | 1.11 | % | 307,415 | 0.57 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 463,405 | 3.02 | % | 417,178 | 3.31 | % | 361,994 | 2.69 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 108,379 | 0.25 | % | 122,473 | 0.38 | % | 133,010 | 0.23 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 339,463 | 3.74 | % | 309,509 | 4.35 | % | 178,339 | 2.68 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | $ | 1,733,794 | 1.80 | % | $ | 1,593,832 | 1.96 | % | $ | 1,430,935 | 1.16 | % |
The uninsured
amount of time deposits at December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $47.1 million and $40.8 million, respectively.
A stable
base of deposits is expected to continue to be the primary source of funding to meet both our short-term and long-term liquidity
needs in the future. The maturity distribution of time deposits is shown in the following table.
Maturities
of Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposit of $250,000 or More
At December
31, 2025, time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit were as follows:
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Time deposits of $250,000 or more | $ | 44,205 | $ | 29,127 | $ | 27,971 | $ | 508 | $ | 101,811 |
Borrowed funds. Borrowed
funds consist of fed funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances and long-term debt. Our long-term
debt is a result of issuing $15.0 million in trust preferred securities. Short-term borrowings in the form of securities sold under agreements
to repurchase averaged $111.9 million, $77.2 million, and $74.6 million during 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. The average rates
paid during these periods were 2.42%, 2.83%, and 2.22%, respectively. The balances of securities sold under agreements to repurchase
were $107.2 million and $103.1 million at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The repurchase agreements all mature
within one to four days, and are generally originated with customers that have other relationships with us and tend to provide
a stable and predictable source of funding. Federal funds purchased averaged $11 thousand, $12 thousand, and $1.1 million during 2025,
2024, and 2023, respectively. The average rates paid during these periods were 9.09%, 4.99%, and 4.73%, respectively. The balances of
federal funds purchased were zero at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. As a member of the FHLB, the Bank has access to advances
from the FHLB for various terms and amounts. FHLB advances averaged zero, $54.8 million, and $86.6 million during 2025, 2024, and 2023,
respectively. The average rates paid during these periods were zero, 5.12%, and 5.02%, respectively. During the twelve months ended December
31, 2024, FHLB advances were reduced from $90.0 million at December 31, 2023 to zero at December 31, 2024, including the prepayment
of $35.0 million of FHLB advances resulting in a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $229 thousand. The balances of FHLB advances
were zero and zero at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
66
We issued
$15.5 million in trust preferred securities on September 16, 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2015, we redeemed $500 thousand
of these securities. Until the cessation of LIBOR on June 30, 2024, the securities accrued and paid distributions quarterly at
a rate of three month LIBOR plus 257 basis points, thereafter, such distributions to be paid quarterly transitioned to an adjusted
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) index in accordance with the Federal Reserve’s final rule implementing the Adjustable
Interest Rate Act, which is three-month CME Term SOFR plus 257 basis points plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161%. The remaining
debt may be redeemed in full anytime with notice and matures on September 16, 2034. Trust preferred securities averaged $15.0
million during 2025, 2024, and 2023. The average rates paid during these periods were 7.16%, 8.13%, and 7.93%, respectively. The
balances of trust preferred securities were $15.0 million as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
At December 31,
2025 and at December 31, 2024, there were no FHLB advances.
Capital
Adequacy and Dividend Policy
Capital
Adequacy
Total shareholders’
equity increased $23.1 million, or 16.0%, to $167.6 million at December 31, 2025 from $144.5 million at December 31, 2024. Shareholders’
equity increased to 8.1% of total assets at December 31, 2025 from 7.4% of total assets at December 31, 2024 due to total shareholder’s
equity growth of 16.0% outpacing total asset growth of 5.1%. The $23.1 million increase in shareholders’ equity was due
to $19.2 million of net income, $7.1 million of other comprehensive income, $1.2 million of stock-based compensation, and $386,000
of reinvested dividends, partially offset by $4.8 million of dividends.
On April 20,
2022, we announced that our board of directors approved the repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2022
Repurchase Plan”), which represented approximately 5% of our 7,606,172 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023. We made
no repurchases under the 2022 Repurchase Plan prior to its expiration at the market close on December 31, 2023.
On
May 14, 2024, we announced that our board of directors approved a plan to utilize up to $7.1 million of capital to repurchase
shares of our common stock (the “2024 Repurchase Plan”), which represented approximately 5.3% of our shareholders’
equity at the time of the announcement. We made no repurchases under the 2025 Repurchase Plan prior to its expiration at the market
close on May 13, 2025.
On
May 9, 2025, we announced that our board of directors approved a plan to utilize up to $7.5 million of capital to repurchase shares of
our Common Stock (“the 2025 Repurchase Plan”), which represented approximately 5.0% of our shareholders equity at the time
of the announcement. No repurchases have been made under the 2025 Repurchase Plan. The 2025 Repurchase Plan expires at the market close
on May 8, 2026.
During the first
two quarters of 2024, we paid a dividend of $0.14 per share of our common stock. During the second two quarters of 2024 and the
first two quarters of 2025, we paid a dividend of $0.15 per share of our common stock. During the second two quarters of 2025,
we paid a dividend of $0.16 per share of our common stock. On January 28, 2026, we announced a $0.16 per share dividend payable
on February 24, 2026 to shareholders of record of our common stock on February 10, 2026.
In addition,
we have a dividend reinvestment plan that allows existing shareholders the option of reinvesting cash dividends as well as making
optional purchases of up to $5,000 in the purchase of common stock per quarter.
The following
table shows the return on average assets (net income divided by average total assets), return on average equity (net income divided
by average equity), and equity to assets ratio for the three years ended December 31.
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on average assets | 0.94 | % | 0.74 | % | 0.68 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity | 12.36 | % | 10.17 | % | 9.59 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets ratio | 8.14 | % | 7.38 | % | 7.17 | % | ||||||
| Dividend Payout Ratio | 24.70 | % | 31.69 | % | 35.76 | % |
While the Company
is currently a small bank holding company and so generally is not subject to Basel III capital requirements, our Bank remains
subject to such capital requirements. See “Supervision and Regulation—Basel Capital Standards” for additional
information on Basel III and the Dodd-Frank Act.
67
The Bank
exceeded the regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2025 and 2024, as set forth in the following table:
| (In thousands) | Required Amount | % | Actual Amount | % | Excess Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Bank(1)(2): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 82,058 | 6.0 | % | $ | 179,295 | 13.1 | % | $ | 97,237 | 7.1 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 109,411 | 8.0 | % | 193,650 | 14.2 | % | 84,239 | 6.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 61,544 | 4.5 | % | 179,295 | 13.1 | % | 117,751 | 8.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 82,782 | 4.0 | % | 179,295 | 8.7 | % | 96,513 | 4.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 76,653 | 6.0 | % | $ | 164,397 | 12.9 | % | $ | 87,744 | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 102,204 | 8.0 | % | 178,034 | 13.9 | % | 75,830 | 5.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 57,490 | 4.5 | % | 164,397 | 12.9 | % | 106,907 | 8.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 78,274 | 4.0 | % | 164,397 | 8.4 | % | 86,123 | 4.4 | % |
| (1) | As a small bank holding company, the Company is generally not subject to Basel III capital requirements unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Required Amounts and Required Ratios do not include the capital conservation buffer of 2.5%. |
Dividend
Policy
Since we are
a bank holding company, our ability to declare and pay dividends is dependent on certain federal and state regulatory considerations,
including the guidelines of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends
by bank holding companies. In general, the Federal Reserve’s policies provide that dividends should be paid only out of
current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the
organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve’s policies also require
that a bank holding company serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary banks by standing ready to use available
resources to provide adequate capital funds to those banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and by maintaining
the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks where
necessary. In addition, under the prompt corrective action regulations, the ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends
may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. These regulatory policies could affect our ability to pay dividends
or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
Because the Company
is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and does not conduct stand-alone operations, the Company’s ability
to pay dividends depends on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, which is also subject to regulatory restrictions.
As a South Carolina-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to limitations on the amount of dividends that it is permitted to pay.
Unless otherwise instructed by the S.C. Board, the Bank is generally permitted under South Carolina state banking regulations
to pay cash dividends of up to 100% of net income in any calendar year without obtaining the prior approval of the S.C. Board.
In addition, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer, above its regulatory minimum capital requirements, consisting
entirely of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, in order to avoid restrictions with respect to its payment of dividends to First Community
Corporation. The FDIC also has the authority under federal law to enjoin a bank from engaging in what in its opinion constitutes
an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting its business, including the payment of a dividend under certain circumstances.
Liquidity Management
Liquidity management
involves monitoring sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits.
Liquidity represents our ability to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional
funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are
subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of the investment portfolio is very predictable
and subject to a high degree of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are
far less predictable and are not subject to nearly the same degree of control. Asset liquidity is provided by cash and assets
which are readily marketable, or which can be pledged or will mature in the near future. Liability liquidity is provided by access
to core funding sources, principally the ability to generate customer deposits in our market area. In addition, liability liquidity
is provided through the ability to borrow against approved lines of credit (federal funds purchased) from correspondent banks,
to borrow on a secured basis through the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and to borrow on a secured basis through securities
sold under agreements to repurchase. Furthermore, the Bank is a member of the FHLB and has the ability to obtain advances for
various periods of time. These advances are secured by eligible securities pledged by the Bank or assignment of eligible loans
within the Bank’s portfolio.
68
To secure a cost-effective
stable funding source, during the third quarter of 2023, we issued $48.2 million in brokered certificates of deposit ranging in terms
from six months to three years, with the three-year term callable after six months. Brokered certificates of deposit totaled zero
and $10.4 million in brokered deposits as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The $10.4 million in brokered deposits
had a maturity date of July 31, 2025 with an interest rate of 4.70%. We believe that we have ample liquidity to meet the needs of our
customers through our low cost deposits, our ability to issue brokered deposits, our ability to borrow against approved lines of credit
(federal funds purchased) from correspondent banks, our ability to borrow on a secured basis through the Federal Reserve Discount Window,
and our ability to obtain advances secured by certain securities and loans from the FHLB.
We generally
maintain adequate liquidity and adequate capital, which along with continued retained earnings, we believe will be sufficient
to fund the operations of the Bank for at least the next 12 months. Furthermore, we believe that we will have access to adequate
liquidity and capital to support the long-term operations of the Bank.
On June 1, 2022, we
reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred
at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized
net holding loss on the available-for-sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued to be
reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest income over
the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of this transfer. The
remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $10.6 million ($8.4 million net of tax) at December 31, 2025. The
remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $12.3 million ($9.7 million net of tax) at December 31, 2024. Our
HTM investments totaled $195.1 million and represented approximately 39.6% of our total investments at December 31, 2025. Our
AFS investments totaled $294.1 million or approximately 59.8% of our total investments at December 31, 2025. Our investments at
cost totaled $2.9 million or approximately 0.6% of our total investments at December 31, 2025. The unrealized losses on our
investment securities are related to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary negative impact on the fair value of
our investment securities portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is included in shareholders’ equity.
The Bank maintains federal
funds purchased lines in the total amount of $102.5 million with four financial institutions and $10.0 million through the Federal Reserve
Discount Window. We utilized none of our federal funds purchased lines at December 31, 2025 or 2024. The FHLB of Atlanta has approved
a line of credit of up to 25.00% of the Bank’s total assets, which, when utilized, is collateralized by a pledge against specific
investment securities and/or eligible loans. We had zero in FHLB advances at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. At December 31,
2025, we have remaining credit availability under this facility in excess of $619.6 million, subject to collateral requirements. Combined,
we have total remaining credit availability, subject to collateral requirements, in excess of $732.1 million as compared to uninsured
deposits excluding deposits of states or political subdivisions in the U.S., which are secured or collateralized, of $488.9 million as
previously noted.
Through the operations
of our Bank, we have made contractual commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of our business activities. These commitments
are legally binding agreements to lend money to our customers at predetermined interest rates for a specified period of time.
At December 31, 2025, we had issued commitments to extend unused credit of $211.2 million, including $69.0 million in unused home
equity lines of credit, through various types of lending arrangements. At December 31, 2024, we had issued commitments to extend
unused credit of $180.2 million, including $63.6 million in unused home equity lines of credit, through various types of lending
arrangements. We evaluate each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained,
if deemed necessary by us upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral varies but may
include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial and residential real estate. We manage the credit
risk on these commitments by subjecting them to normal underwriting and risk management processes.
We regularly
review our liquidity position and have implemented internal policies establishing guidelines for sources of asset-based liquidity
and evaluate and monitor the total amount of purchased funds used to support the balance sheet and funding from noncore sources.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the
normal course of operations, we engage in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded
in the financial statements, or are recorded in amounts that differ from the notional amounts. These transactions involve, to
varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate, and liquidity risk. Such transactions are used by the company for general
corporate purposes or for customer needs. Corporate purpose transactions are used to help manage credit, interest rate, and liquidity
risk or to optimize capital. Customer transactions are used to manage customers’ requests for funding. Please refer to Note
15 of our financial statements for a discussion of our off-balance sheet arrangements.
69
Impact of Inflation
Unlike most industrial
companies, the assets and liabilities of financial institutions such as the Company and the Bank are primarily monetary in nature. Therefore,
interest rates have a more significant effect on our performance than do the effects of changes in the general rate of inflation and
changes in prices. In addition, interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices
of goods and services. However, we are not immune from changes occurring in inflation, which risks include a decrease in demand for new
mortgage loan and commercial real estate loan originations and refinancings, an increase in competition for deposits, and an increase
in non-interest expenses, which may have an adverse impact on our financial performance. As discussed previously, we continually seek
to manage the relationships between interest sensitive assets and liabilities in order to protect against wide interest rate fluctuations,
including those resulting from inflation.
MD&A history
Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. The latest 10-K appears above; prior years are below.
FY 2024 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001552781-25-000082.
Item 7. Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following
discussion and analysis identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during
the periods included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction
with the financial statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are headquartered
in Lexington, South Carolina and serve as the bank holding company for the Bank. We engage in a general commercial and retail
banking business characterized by personalized service and local decision making, emphasizing the banking needs of small to medium-sized
businesses, professionals and individuals. We operate from our main office in Lexington, South Carolina, and our 21 full-service
offices located in the South Carolina counties of Lexington County (6 offices), Richland County (4 offices), Newberry County (2
offices), Kershaw County (1 office), Aiken County (1 office), Greenville County (2 offices), Anderson County (1 office), Pickens
County (1 office), and York County (1 office); and in the Georgia counties of Richmond County (1 office) and Columbia County (1
office).
The following
discussion describes our results of operations for 2024, as compared to 2023 and 2022, and also analyzes our financial condition
as of December 31, 2024, as compared to December 31, 2023. Like most community banks, we derive most of our income from interest
we receive on our loans and investments. A primary source of funds for making these loans and investments is our deposits, on
which we pay interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of our success is our amount of net interest income, or the difference
between the income on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the expense on our interest-bearing liabilities,
such as deposits and borrowings.
We have included
a number of tables to assist in our description of these measures. For example, the “Average Balances” table shows
the average balance during 2024, 2023 and 2022 of each category of our assets and liabilities, as well as the yield we earned
or the rate we paid with respect to each category. A review of this table shows that our loans typically provide higher interest
yields than do other types of interest earning assets, which is why we intend to channel a substantial percentage of our earning
assets into our loan portfolio. Similarly, the “Rate/Volume Analysis” table helps demonstrate the impact of changing
interest rates and changing volume of assets and liabilities during the years shown. We also track the sensitivity of our various
categories of assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates, and we have included a “Sensitivity Analysis Table”
to help explain this. Finally, we have included a number of tables that provide detail about our investment securities, our loans,
our deposits and our borrowings.
There
are risks inherent in all loans, so we maintain an allowance for credit losses to absorb expected losses in 2024 and probable
losses in 2023 and 2022 on existing loans that may become uncollectible. We establish and maintain this allowance by charging
a provision for credit losses against our operating earnings. In the following section, we have included a detailed discussion
of this process, as well as several tables describing our allowance for credit losses and the allocation of this allowance among
our various categories of loans.
42
In addition to
earning interest on our loans and investments, we earn income through fees and other expenses we charge to our customers. We describe
the various components of this noninterest income, as well as our noninterest expense, in the following discussion. The discussion
and analysis also identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during the periods
included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with the
financial statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this report.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We have
adopted various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
and with general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting
policies are described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
Certain
accounting policies inherently involve a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions, and judgments and, as such, have
a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported, which could have a material
impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. We consider these accounting policies
and estimates to be critical accounting policies. We have identified the determination of the allowance for credit losses,
income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities, goodwill and other intangible assets, and derivative instruments to be the
accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments and, as such, could be most subject to revision as new
or additional information becomes available or circumstances change, including overall changes in the economic climate and/or
market interest rates Therefore, management has reviewed and approved these critical accounting policies and estimates and has
discussed these policies with our Audit and Compliance Committee.
Allowance for Credit Losses
As of
January 1, 2023, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”)
2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC
326”), which changed the methodology, accounting policies and inputs used in determining the allowance for credit losses
(“ACL”). We believe the allowance for credit losses is the critical accounting policy that requires the most significant
judgment and estimates used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
The allowance
for credit losses represents our best estimate of credit losses on financial assets. The allowance for credit losses is assessed
at least quarterly and adjustments are recorded in the provision for credit losses. These losses are estimated using historical
loss rates and a projection of reasonable and supportable macroeconomic forecast, combined with additional qualitative factors.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we held an allowance for credit losses for our held-to-maturity investment securities, our loans
held-for-investment and our unfunded commitments that are not unconditionally cancelable.
The allowance
for credit losses represents an amount which we believe will be adequate to absorb expected losses (2024 and 2023) and probable
losses (2022) on existing financial assets that may become uncollectible. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance for
credit losses is based on assumptions about future events, which we believe to be reasonable, but which may or may not prove to
be accurate. There can be no assurance that charge-offs of financial assets in future periods will not exceed the allowance for
credit losses as estimated at any point in time or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting
period.
The allowance
for credit losses represents management’s best estimate for our expected losses at December 31, 2024 and 2023 and probable
losses at December 31, 2022, but significant downturns in circumstances relating to asset quality and economic conditions could
result in a requirement for additional allowance for credit losses. Likewise, an upturn in asset quality and improved economic
conditions may allow a reduction in the required allowance for credit losses. In either instance, unanticipated changes could
have a significant impact on results of operations. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination
process, periodically review our allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require us to recognize additions to the allowance
for credit losses based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.
43
Income Taxes, Deferred Tax Assets,
and Deferred Tax Liabilities
We are subject
to the income tax laws of the U.S., its states, and the municipalities in which we operate. These tax laws are complex and subject
to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant government taxing authorities.
Income taxes
are provided for the tax effects of the transactions reported in our consolidated financial statements and consist of taxes currently
due plus deferred taxes related to differences between the tax basis and accounting basis of certain assets and liabilities, including
available-for-sale securities, allowance for credit losses, write-downs of OREO properties, write-downs on premises held-for-sale,
accumulated depreciation, net operating loss carry forwards, accretion income, deferred compensation, intangible assets, and pension
plan and post-retirement benefits. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those
differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are reflected at income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities
are expected to be realized or settled. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a
deferred tax asset will not be realized. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
In establishing
our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our valuation allowance, we must make judgments and
interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws. We must also make estimates about when in the future
certain items will affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions. Disputes over interpretations of the tax laws may be
subject to review/adjudication by the court systems of the various tax jurisdictions or may be settled with the taxing authority
upon examination or audit. Although we believe that the judgments and estimates used are reasonable, and we believe our estimates
have been reasonably accurate, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. To
the extent we prevail in matters for which reserves have been established, or are required to pay amounts in excess of our reserves,
our effective income tax rate in a given financial statement period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement
would result in an increase in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would result
in a reduction in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution.
Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets
Goodwill
represents the cost in excess of fair value of the net assets we acquired (including identifiable intangibles) in purchase transactions.
Other intangible assets represent premiums paid for acquisitions of core deposits (core deposit intangibles)
We
test our goodwill for impairment by evaluating whether the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. This test is
done annually or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired.
Derivative Instruments
We
utilize derivative instruments to manage risks such as interest rate risk or market risk. Our Derivatives Policy prohibits using
derivatives for speculative purposes.
Accounting
for derivatives differs significantly depending on whether a derivative is designated as an accounting hedge, which is a transaction
intended to reduce a risk associated with a specific asset or liability or future expected cash flow at the time it is purchased.
In order to qualify as an accounting hedge, a derivative must be designated as such at inception by management and meet certain
criteria. Management must also continue to evaluate whether the instrument effectively reduces the risk associated with that item.
To determine if a derivative instrument continues to be an effective hedge, we must make assumptions and judgments about the continued
effectiveness of the hedging strategies and the nature and timing of forecasted transactions. If our hedging strategy was to become
ineffective, hedge accounting would no longer apply and the reported results of operations or financial condition could be materially
affected.
44
Financial Highlights
| As of or For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,958,021 | $ | 1,827,688 | $ | 1,672,946 | ||||||
| Loans held for sale | 9,662 | 4,433 | 1,779 | |||||||||
| Loans | 1,220,542 | 1,134,019 | 980,857 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 1,675,901 | 1,511,001 | 1,385,382 | |||||||||
| Total common shareholders’ equity | 144,494 | 131,059 | 118,361 | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 144,494 | 131,059 | 118,361 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, basic | 7,617 | 7,568 | 7,528 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, diluted | 7,702 | 7,647 | 7,608 | |||||||||
| Results of Operations: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 89,422 | $ | 72,697 | $ | 51,117 | ||||||
| Interest expense | 37,382 | 23,805 | 3,174 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | 52,040 | 48,892 | 47,943 | |||||||||
| Provision for (release of) credit losses | 809 | 1,129 | (152 | ) | ||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for (release of) credit losses | 51,231 | 47,763 | 48,095 | |||||||||
| Non-interest income | 14,004 | 10,421 | 11,569 | |||||||||
| Non-interest expenses | 47,465 | 43,144 | 41,253 | |||||||||
| Income before taxes | 17,770 | 15,040 | 18,411 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 3,815 | 3,197 | 3,798 | |||||||||
| Net income | 13,955 | 11,843 | 14,613 | |||||||||
| Net income available to common shareholders | 13,955 | 11,843 | 14,613 | |||||||||
| Per Share Data: | ||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1.83 | $ | 1.56 | $ | 1.94 | ||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | 1.81 | 1.55 | 1.92 | |||||||||
| Book value at period end | 18.90 | 17.23 | 15.62 | |||||||||
| Tangible book value at period end (non-GAAP) | 16.93 | 15.23 | 13.59 | |||||||||
| Dividends per common share | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.52 | |||||||||
| Asset Quality Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets(3) | 0.04 | % | 0.05 | % | 0.35 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans to period end loans | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans | 0.01 | % | 0.00 | % | (0.03 | )% | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to period-end total loans | 1.08 | % | 1.08 | % | 1.16 | % | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to non-performing assets | 1,683.70 | % | 1,492.36 | % | 194.41 | % | ||||||
| Selected Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Return on average assets | 0.74 | % | 0.68 | % | 0.88 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity: | 10.17 | % | 9.59 | % | 11.99 | % | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP): | 11.44 | % | 10.95 | % | 13.73 | % | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)(1) | 71.56 | % | 71.23 | % | 68.60 | % | ||||||
| Noninterest income to operating revenue(2) | 21.20 | % | 17.57 | % | 19.44 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent) | 2.92 | % | 3.01 | % | 3.14 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets | 7.38 | % | 7.17 | % | 7.08 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 6.66 | % | 6.39 | % | 6.21 | % | ||||||
| Tier 1 risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 12.87 | % | 12.53 | % | 13.49 | % | ||||||
| Total risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 13.94 | % | 13.58 | % | 14.54 | % | ||||||
| Leverage (Bank)(4) | 8.40 | % | 8.45 | % | 8.63 | % | ||||||
| Average loans to average deposits(5) | 74.35 | % | 73.25 | % | 64.92 | % |
| (1) | The efficiency ratio is a key performance indicator in our industry. The ratio is calculated by dividing non-interest expense by net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding loss on sale of securities, gain on sale of other assets, loss on early extinguishment of debt, and other non-recurring noninterest income. The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses and net revenue. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Operating revenue is defined as net interest income plus noninterest income. |
| (3) | Includes non-accrual loans, loans 90 days delinquent and still accruing interest and other real estate owned (“OREO”). |
| (4) | As a small bank holding company, we are generally not subject to the capital requirements at the holding company level unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve; however, our Bank remains subject to capital requirements. |
| (5) | Includes loans held for sale. |
45
Certain
financial information presented above is determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures
include “efficiency ratio,” “tangible book value at period end,” “return on average tangible common
equity” and “tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets.” The “efficiency ratio”
is defined as non-interest expense by net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding loss on
sale of securities, gain on sale of other assets, loss on early extinguishment of debt, and other non-recurring noninterest income.
The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses and net revenue. “Tangible book value at
period end” is defined as total equity reduced by recorded intangible assets divided by total common shares outstanding.
“Return on average tangible common equity” is defined as net income on an annualized basis divided by average total
equity reduced by average recorded intangible assets. “Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets”
is defined as total common equity reduced by recorded intangible assets divided by total assets reduced by recorded intangible
assets. Our management believes that these non-GAAP measures are useful because they enhance the ability of investors and management
to evaluate and compare our operating results from period-to-period in a meaningful manner. Non-GAAP measures have limitations
as analytical tools, and investors should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported
under GAAP.
The table
below provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP for the three years ended December 31:
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tangible book value, dollars in thousands | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | $ | 129,411 | $ | 115,818 | $ | 102,963 | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 15,083 | 15,241 | 15,398 | |||||||||
| Book value (GAAP) | $ | 144,494 | $ | 131,059 | $ | 118,361 | ||||||
| Tangible book value per common share, dollars | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity per common share (non-GAAP) | $ | 16.93 | $ | 15.23 | $ | 13.59 | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 1.97 | 2.00 | 2.03 | |||||||||
| Book value per common share (GAAP) | $ | 18.90 | $ | 17.23 | $ | 15.62 | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity | ||||||||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | 11.44 | % | 10.95 | % | 13.73 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | (1.27 | )% | (1.36 | )% | (1.74 | )% | ||||||
| Return on average common equity (GAAP) | 10.17 | % | 9.59 | % | 11.99 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 6.66 | % | 6.39 | % | 6.21 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 0.72 | % | 0.78 | % | 0.87 | % | ||||||
| Common equity to assets (GAAP) | 7.38 | % | 7.17 | % | 7.08 | % |
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2024 and
2023
Our net income
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was $14.0 million, or $1.81 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to $11.8
million, or $1.55 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The $2.1 million increase
in net income between the two periods is primarily due to an increase in net interest income of $3.1 million, a decrease in provision
for credit losses of $320 thousand, and an increase in non-interest income of $3.6 million, partially offset by an increase in
non-interest expense of $4.3 million and an increase in income tax expense of $618 thousand.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $154.9 million in average earning assets partially offset by a nine basis point decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $809 thousand provision for credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 is primarily related to a $86.5 million increase in loans held-for-investment partially offset by a $43.7 million decrease in unfunded commitments net of unconditionally cancellable commitments and a reduction of two basis points in our qualitative factors for our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios qualitative factor. This reduction was driven by an improvement in externally calculated economic forecasts that flow into our model. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $1.1 million provision for credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 is primarily related to a $153.2 million increase in loans held-for-investment and a $50.9 million increase in unfunded commitments net of unconditionally cancellable commitments partially offset by a reduction of five basis points in our qualitative factors (four basis points in our changes in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual / changes in total of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned qualitative factor and one basis point in our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios qualitative factor). The one basis point reduction in our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios factor was driven by an improvement in externally calculated economic forecasts that flow into our model. |
46
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $3.6 million increase in non-interest income is primarily related to an increase in mortgage banking income of $962 thousand, an increase in investment advisory fees of $1.7 million, a decrease in loss on sale of securities of $1.2 million, and an increase of $88 thousand in other non-interest income partially offset by a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $229 thousand and by a decrease in gain on sale of assets of $146 thousand. |
| o | The increase in mortgage banking income was primarily driven by higher secondary market production and higher gain on sale margin during the twelve months ended 2024 compared to the prior year period. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in investment advisory fees was primarily driven by higher assets under management during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to the prior year period. | |
| o | The increase in other non-interest income was primarily related to an increase in gains on insurance proceeds of $73 thousand and an increase in rental income of $25 thousand partially offset by a loss on disposition of assets on the closing of our downtown Augusta, Georgia banking office of $6 thousand. | |
| o | Loss on sale of securities improved by $1.2 million to zero during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to a loss of $1.2 million during the same period in 2023. The $1.2 million loss on sale of securities during 2023 was related to the $39.9 million sale of book value U.S. Treasuries in our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio. | |
| o | The loss on early extinguishment of debt of $229 thousand was related to an early payoff of $35.0 million in FHLB advances. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to an increase of $3.4 million in salaries and employee benefits, an increase in FDIC insurance assessments of $273 thousand, an increase of $215 thousand in other real estate expense, and an increase of $597 thousand in other non-interest expense, partially offset by a decline of $63 thousand in occupancy expense, and a decline of $115 thousand in equipment. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in other non-interest expense was primarily driven by increases of $224 thousand in core banking and electronic processing, $206 thousand in ATM/debit card processing, $252 thousand in software subscriptions and services, legal and professional fees of $163 thousand and $80 thousand in shareholder expense, partially offset by declines of $51 thousand in correspondent services, $223 thousand in debit card and fraud losses, and $95 thousand in loan processing and closing costs. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Our effective tax rate was 21.5% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 21.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The effective tax rates were affected by a $149 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and by a $122 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Furthermore, we purchased $500 thousand of South Carolina State Tax Credits for $432.5 thousand in November 2024, which created a $67.5 thousand non-recurring benefit to income taxes during the twelve months ended November 2024. |
47
Year Ended December 31, 2023 and
2022
Our net income
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $11.8 million, or $1.55 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to $14.6
million, or $1.92 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The $2.8 million decline in
net income between the two periods is primarily due to a $1.1 million decline in non-interest income, a $1.9 million increase
in total non-interest expense and a $1.3 million increase in provision for credit losses, partially offset by a $949 thousand
increase in net interest income and a $601 thousand reduction in income tax expense.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $90.7 million in average earning assets partially offset by an 11 basis points decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $1.1 million provision for credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 is primarily related to a $153.2 million increase in loans held-for-investment and a $50.9 million increase in unfunded commitments net of unconditionally cancellable commitments partially offset by a reduction of five basis points in our qualitative factors (four basis points in our changes in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual / changes in total of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned qualitative factor and one basis point in our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios qualitative factor). |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $152 thousand in release of credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 is primarily related to the following: a decrease in our COVID-19 qualitative factor in our allowance for loan losses methodology and net recoveries during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 partially offset by increases in our economic conditions qualitative factor due to inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, labor shortages in certain industries, and the war in Ukraine; an increase in our changes in staff qualitative factor due to the addition of a new team and new market in York County, South Carolina in March 2022; an increase in our change in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual loans qualitative factor due to a $4.1 million loan being moved to non-accrual status in June 2022; and loan growth. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The decline in non-interest income is primarily related to a decline in mortgage banking income of $494 thousand and a 2023 $1.2 million loss on sale of securities partially offset by an increase of $196 thousand in gains on sale of other real estate owned, $114 thousand in other non-recurring non-interest income, and $177 thousand in other non-interest income. |
| o | The increase in other non-recurring income was largely related to the bank owned life insurance claim of $93 thousand and gains on insurance proceeds of $28 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. We recorded $7 thousand in other non-recurring income related to gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in other non-interest income was primarily related to increases of $65 thousand in ATM debit card income, $48 thousand in rental income, and $26 thousand in bankcard fees. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee benefits expense of $507 thousand, increased occupancy expense of $155 thousand, increased equipment expense of $223 thousand, increased marketing and public relations expense of $237 thousand, increased FDIC Insurance assessments of $436 thousand, increased ATM/debit card processing of $189 thousand, increased software subscriptions and services of $112 thousand, increased telephone expense of $131 thousand, increased debit card and fraud losses of $137 thousand, increased director fees of $113 thousand, and increased other expense of $123 thousand, partially offset by lower other real estate expense of $420 thousand, lower investment advisory services expense of $80 thousand and lower legal and professional fees of $135 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Our effective tax rate was 21.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 20.6% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The effective tax rates were affected by a $122 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and by a $153 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
48
Net Interest Income
Net interest
income is our primary source of revenue. Net interest income is the difference between income earned on assets and interest paid
on deposits and borrowings used to support such assets. Net interest income is determined by the rates earned on our interest-earning
assets and the rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities, and the degree of mismatch and the maturity and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities.
Year Ended December 31, 2024 and
2023
Net interest
income increased $3.1 million, or 6.4%, to $52.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $48.9 million for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Our net interest margin declined by nine basis points to 2.91% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2024 from 3.00% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent
basis, was 2.92% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 3.01% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
Average earning assets increased $154.9 million, or 9.5%, to $1.8 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared
to $1.6 billion in the same period of 2023.
| · | The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in total loans and interest-bearing deposits in other banks, partially offset by declines in securities and other fed funds sold. | |
| · | Earning asset yield growth, which included the benefit of a pay-fixed/receive-floating interest rate swap (the “Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement”) described below, was more than offset by the rising cost of funding, leading to the net interest margin compression. However, our net interest margin expanded from the low of 2.77% in the month of February 2024 to 3.04% in month of December 2024. Our cost of funds and cost of deposits peaked in 2024 during the month of August 2024 at 2.23% and 2.05%, respectively. Our cost of funds and cost of deposits were 1.98% and 1.87%, respectively, during the month of December 2024. |
| o | Investment securities represented 27.5% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 33.2% during the same period in 2023. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Short-term investments represented 6.2% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2.6% during the same period in 2023. | |
| o | Loans represented 66.3% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 64.2% during the same period in 2023. | |
| o | During 2023, market interest rates increased significantly due to an increase in inflation. During 2024, market interest rates declined as inflation cooled. The target range of federal funds was 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2024 compared to 5.25% - 5.50% at December 31, 2023. | |
| o | Effective May 5, 2023, we entered into Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement for a notional amount of $150.0 million that was designated as a fair value hedge in order to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the fixed rate loans included in the closed loan portfolio. This fair value hedge converts the hedged loans from a fixed rate to a synthetic floating SOFR rate. The Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement will mature on May 5, 2026 and we will pay a fixed coupon rate of 3.58% while receiving the overnight SOFR rate. This interest rate swap positively impacted interest on loans by $2.4 million and $1.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the swap benefited loan yields with an increase of 21 basis points and net interest margin with an increase of 14 basis points. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, the swap benefited loan yields with an increase of 16 basis points and net interest margin with an increase of 10 basis points. |
Average loans
increased $136.9 million, or 13.1%, to $1.2 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $1.0 billion for the same
period in 2023. Average loans represented 66.3% of average earning assets during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared
to 64.2% of average earning assets during the same period in 2023. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale) to deposit ratio on
average during 2024 was 74.4%, as compared to 73.2% during 2023. This increase was due to the growth rate on our average loans
(including loans held-for-sale) of 13.1% in 2024 exceeding the growth rate on our deposits of 11.4% during the same time period.
The loan to deposit ratio (including loans held-for-sale) declined to 73.4% at December 31, 2024 as compared to 75.3% at December
31, 2023. Our growth in loans of $91.8 million or 8.1% from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 was exceeded by our growth
in deposits of $164.9 million or 10.4% during the same period.
49
The growth in
our average deposits of $162.9 million and securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $2.6 million compared to the growth
in our average loans of $136.9 million resulted in a reduction in borrowings. The yield on loans increased 0.62% to 5.61% during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from 4.99% during the same period in 2023 due to market interest rates and the Pay-Fixed
Swap Agreement. Average securities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 declined $50.0 million, or 9.2%, to $491.0 million
from $541.1 million during the same period in 2023. Other short-term investments increased $68.0 million to $110.9 million during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $42.9 million during the same period in 2023 due to the additional cash on hand
as deposit growth outpaced loan growth. The yield on our securities portfolio increased to 3.90% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2024 from 3.36% for the same period in 2023. The yield on our other short-term investments declined to 4.95% for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2024 from 5.11% for the same period in 2023 due to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decreasing
the target range of federal funds during the twelve months of 2024 a total of 1.00% to a target federal funds rate range of 4.25%
– 4.50% at December 31, 2023 from a target federal funds rate range of 5.25% – 5.50% at December 31, 2024.
The yield on
earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were 5.00% and 4.45%, respectively.
The cost of interest-bearing
liabilities was 2.88% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2.06% during the same period in 2023. The cost
of deposits, including demand deposits, was 1.96% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to 1.16% during the
same period in 2023. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 2.15% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024
compared to 1.48% during the same period in 2023. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements (demand deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings deposits, money market accounts, IRAs,
and customer cash management repurchase agreements) as these accounts tend to be low-cost deposits and assist us in controlling
our overall cost of funds. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, these pure deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements averaged 83.1% of total deposits plus customer cash management repurchase agreements as compared to 89.9%
during the same period of 2023.
Year Ended December 31, 2023 and
2022
Net interest
income increased $949,000, or 2.0%, to $48.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $47.9 million for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Our net interest margin declined by 11 basis points to 3.00% during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2023 from 3.11% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent
basis, was 3.01% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 3.14% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
Average earning assets increased $90.7 million, or 5.9%, to $1.6 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared
to $1.5 billion in the same period of 2022.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in total loans partially offset by declines in securities and other short-term investments. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Market interest rates increased in 2023, driving an increase in funding costs. Earning asset yield growth, which included the benefit of the Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement, was more than offset by the rising price of funding, leading to the net interest margin compression. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Investment securities represented 33.2% of average total earning assets for the twelve month ended December 31, 2023 compared to 37.0% during the same period in 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Short-term investments represented 2.6% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 3.3% during the same period in 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Loans represented 64.2% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 59.7% during the same period in 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | During 2022 and 2023, market interest rates increased significantly due to an increase in inflation. The target range of federal funds was 5.25% - 5.50% at December 31, 2023 compared to 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The interest rate swap under the Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement positively impacted interest on loans by $1.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Loan yields and net interest margin both benefited during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 with an increase of 16 basis points and 10 basis points, respectively. |
50
Average loans
increased $127.7 million, or 13.9%, to $1.0 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $920.4 million for the
same period in 2022. Average loans represented 64.2% of average earning assets during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023
compared to 59.7% of average earning assets during the same period in 2022. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale) to deposit
ratio on average during 2023 was 73.2%, as compared to 64.9% during 2022. These increases were due to our growth in loans (including
loans held for sale) of $127.7 million exceeding our deposit growth of $13.3 million. The loan to deposit ratio (including loans
held-for-sale) increased to 75.3% at December 31, 2023 as compared to 70.9% at December 31, 2022. Our growth in loans of $155.8
million from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023 exceeded our growth in deposits of $125.6 million during the same period.
The growth in
our average deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase compared to the growth in our average loans resulted in
an increase in borrowings. The yield on loans increased 73 basis points to 4.99% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023
from 4.26% during the same period in 2022 due to market interest rates and the Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement. Average securities for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 declined $29.5 million, or 5.2%, to $541.1 million from $570.6 million during the same
period in 2022. Other short-term investments declined $7.5 million to $42.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31,
2023 from $50.5 million during the same period in 2022 due to the deployment of lower yielding other short-term investments into
higher yielding loans. The yield on our securities portfolio increased to 3.36% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023
from 1.97% for the same period in 2022. The yield on our other short-term investments increased to 5.11% for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2023 from 1.25% for the same period in 2022 due to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) increasing the
target range of federal funds during the twelve months of 2023 a total of 100 basis points and a total of 425 basis points during
the twelve months of 2022 . The target range of federal funds was 5.25% - 5.50% at December 31, 2023 compared to compared
to 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2022.
The yield on
earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 4.45% and 3.32%, respectively.
The cost of interest-bearing
liabilities was 2.06% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 30 basis points during the same period in 2022.
The cost of deposits, including demand deposits, was 1.16% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 13 basis
points during the same period in 2022. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 1.48% during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2023 compared to 21 basis points during the same period in 2022. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits
plus customer cash management repurchase agreements (demand deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings deposits,
money market accounts, IRAs, and customer cash management repurchase agreements) as these accounts tend to be low-cost deposits
and assist us in controlling our overall cost of funds. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, these pure deposits
plus customer cash management repurchase agreements averaged 89.9% of total deposits plus customer cash management repurchase
agreements as compared to 92.2% during the same period of 2022.
Average Balances,
Income Expenses and Rates. The following table depicts, for the periods indicated, certain information related to our average
balance sheet and our average yields on assets and average costs of liabilities. Such yields are derived by dividing income or
expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. Average balances have been derived from daily averages.
51
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1) | $ | 1,185,024 | $ | 66,431 | 5.61 | % | $ | 1,048,118 | $ | 52,317 | 4.99 | % | $ | 920,379 | $ | 39,234 | 4.26 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Taxable Securities | 48,761 | 1,420 | 2.91 | % | 50,726 | 1,471 | 2.90 | % | 52,501 | 1,525 | 2.90 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable Securities | 442,278 | 16,084 | 3.64 | % | 490,352 | 16,715 | 3.41 | % | 518,051 | 9,725 | 1.88 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Int Bearing Deposits in Other Banks | 110,844 | 5,484 | 4.95 | % | 42,859 | 2,191 | 5.11 | % | 50,435 | 633 | 1.26 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Sold | 63 | 3 | 4.76 | % | 56 | 3 | 5.36 | % | 15 | — | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | $ | 1,786,970 | $ | 89,422 | 5.00 | % | $ | 1,632,111 | $ | 72,697 | 4.45 | % | $ | 1,541,381 | $ | 51,117 | 3.32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 24,126 | 25,278 | 27,034 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premises and equipment | 30,313 | 31,145 | 32,274 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets | 15,161 | 15,319 | 15,476 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 53,948 | 54,840 | 48,031 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-investments | (27 | ) | (39 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-loans | (12,736 | ) | (11,677 | ) | (11,250 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,897,755 | $ | 1,746,977 | $ | 1,652,946 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | $ | 311,101 | $ | 3,451 | 1.11 | % | $ | 307,415 | $ | 1,760 | 0.57 | % | $ | 336,115 | $ | 273 | 0.08 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 417,178 | 13,824 | 3.31 | % | 361,994 | 9,721 | 2.69 | % | 308,473 | 943 | 0.31 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 112,473 | 430 | 0.38 | % | 133,010 | 307 | 0.23 | % | 157,626 | 102 | 0.06 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 309,509 | 13,468 | 4.35 | % | 178,339 | 4,775 | 2.68 | % | 146,112 | 531 | 0.36 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Purchased | 12 | 1 | 8.33 | % | 1,100 | 52 | 4.73 | % | 1,496 | 53 | 3.54 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 77,158 | 2,183 | 2.83 | % | 74,586 | 1,658 | 2.22 | % | 74,805 | 227 | 0.30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | 54,822 | 2,808 | 5.12 | % | 86,614 | 4,345 | 5.02 | % | 9,457 | 370 | 3.91 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Long-Term Debt | 14,964 | 1,217 | 8.13 | % | 14,964 | 1,187 | 7.93 | % | 14,964 | 675 | 4.51 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 1,297,217 | $ | 37,382 | 2.88 | % | $ | 1,158,022 | $ | 23,805 | 2.06 | % | $ | 1,049,048 | $ | 3,174 | 0.30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 443,571 | 450,177 | 469,292 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-unfunded commitments | 501 | 464 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 19,295 | 14,837 | 12,725 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | $ | 137,171 | $ | 123,477 | $ | 121,881 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 1,897,755 | $ | 1,746,977 | $ | 1,652,946 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of deposits, including demand deposits | 1.96 | % | 1.16 | % | 0.13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of funds, including demand deposits | 2.15 | % | 1.48 | % | 0.21 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest spread | 2.12 | % | 2.39 | % | 3.01 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income/margin | $ | 52,040 | 2.91 | % | $ | 48,892 | 3.00 | % | $ | 47,943 | 3.11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent)(2) | $ | 52,198 | 2.92 | % | $ | 49,176 | 3.01 | % | $ | 48,455 | 3.14 | % |
| (1) | All loans and deposits are domestic. Average loan balances include non-accrual loans and loans held for sale. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Based on a 21.0% marginal tax rate. |
The following
table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and the
amount attributable to changes in rate. The combined effect related to volume and rate which cannot be separately identified,
has been allocated proportionately, to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
52
| 2024 versus 2023 Increase (decrease) due to | 2023 versus 2022 Increase (decrease) due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | ||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 7,267 | $ | 6,847 | $ | 14,114 | $ | 5,862 | $ | 7,221 | $ | 13,083 | ||||||||||||
| Investment securities-taxable | (57 | ) | 6 | (51 | ) | (51 | ) | (3 | ) | (54 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Investment securities- nontaxable | (1,704 | ) | 1,073 | (631 | ) | (490 | ) | 7,480 | 6,990 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits in other banks | 3,366 | (73 | ) | 3,293 | (80 | ) | 1,638 | 1,558 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds sold | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 8,872 | 7,853 | 16,725 | 5,241 | 16,339 | 21,580 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | 21 | 1,670 | 1,691 | (21 | ) | 1,508 | 1,487 | |||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 1,619 | 2,484 | 4,103 | 191 | 8,587 | 8,778 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | (53 | ) | 176 | 123 | (13 | ) | 218 | 205 | ||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 4,699 | 3,994 | 8,693 | 142 | 4,102 | 4,244 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fed funds purchased | (74 | ) | 23 | (51 | ) | 4 | (5 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 59 | 466 | 525 | (1 | ) | 1,432 | 1,431 | |||||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | (1,627 | ) | 90 | (1,537 | ) | 3,842 | 133 | 3,975 | ||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term debt | — | 30 | 30 | — | 512 | 512 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 4,644 | 8,933 | 13,577 | 4,144 | 16,487 | 20,631 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | 4,228 | (1,080 | ) | $ | 3,148 | $ | 949 |
Market Risk and Interest
Rate Sensitivity
Market risk reflects
the risk of economic loss resulting from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. The risk of loss can be measured
in either diminished current market values or reduced current and potential net income. Our primary market risk is interest rate
risk. We have established an Asset/Liability Committee of the board of directors (the “ALCO”), which has members from
our board of directors and management to monitor and manage interest rate risk. Our ALCO
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | monitors our compliance with regulatory guidance in the formulation and implementation of our interest rate risk program; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | reviews the results of our interest rate risk modeling quarterly to assess whether we have appropriately measured our interest rate risk, mitigated our exposures appropriately and confirmed that any residual risk is acceptable; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | monitors and manages the pricing and maturity of our assets and liabilities in order to diminish the potential adverse impact that changes in interest rates could have on our net interest income; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | has established policies, policy guidelines, and strategies with respect to interest rate risk exposure and liquidity. |
Further, our ALCO and board of directors
explicitly review our ALCO policies at least annually and review our ALCO assumptions and policy limits quarterly.
We employ a monitoring
technique to measure our interest sensitivity “gap,” which is the positive or negative dollar difference between assets
and liabilities that are subject to interest rate repricing within a given period of time. Simulation modeling is performed to
assess the impact varying interest rates and balance sheet mix assumptions will have on net interest income. We model the impact
on net interest income for several different changes in the yield curve. We model the impact on net interest income in an increasing
and decreasing rate environment of 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points. We also periodically stress certain assumptions such as
loan prepayment rates, average lives, interest rate betas, and deposit migration to evaluate our overall sensitivity to changes
in interest rates. Policies have been established in an effort to maintain the maximum anticipated negative impact of these modeled
changes in net interest income at no more than 10%, 15%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, in a 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis point change
in interest rates over the first 12-month period subsequent to interest rate changes. Interest rate sensitivity can be managed
by repricing assets or liabilities, selling securities available-for-sale, replacing an asset or liability at maturity, by adjusting
the interest rate during the life of an asset or liability, or by the use of derivatives such as interest rate swaps and other
hedging instruments. Managing the amount of assets and liabilities repricing in the same time interval helps to hedge the risk
and minimize the impact on net interest income of rising or falling interest rates. Neither the “gap” analysis or
asset/liability modeling are precise indicators of our interest sensitivity position due to the many factors that affect net interest
income including, the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in the volume and mix of earning
assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
53
The following
table illustrates our interest rate sensitivity at December 31, 2024.
Interest Sensitivity Analysis
| (Dollars in thousands) | Within One Year | One to Three Years | Three to Five Years | Over Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits | $ | 123,455 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 123,455 | ||||||||||
| Loans(1) | 325,156 | 378,381 | 356,469 | 160,536 | 1,220,542 | |||||||||||||||
| Loans Held for Sale | 9,662 | — | — | — | 9,662 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Securities(2) | 56,952 | 83,653 | 147,434 | 203,635 | 491,674 | |||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 513,782 | 462,034 | 503,903 | 363,171 | 1,845,333 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking accounts | 20,788 | 41,576 | 41,574 | 234,574 | 338,512 | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 26,539 | 53,076 | 53,077 | 299,391 | 432,083 | |||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 6,998 | 14,000 | 13,999 | 78,931 | 113,928 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 318,172 | 8,453 | 2,024 | 12 | 328,661 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 372,497 | 117,105 | 110,674 | 612,908 | 1,213,184 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | 118,074 | — | — | — | 118,074 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 490,571 | 117,105 | 110,674 | 612,908 | 1,331,258 | |||||||||||||||
| Period gap | $ | 24,654 | $ | 344,929 | $ | 393,229 | $ | (248,737 | ) | $ | 514,075 | |||||||||
| Cumulative gap | $ | 24,654 | $ | 369,583 | $ | 762,812 | $ | 514,075 | $ | 514,075 | ||||||||||
| Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets | 4.79 | % | 37.82 | % | 51.50 | % | 27.86 | % | 27.86 | % |
| (1) | Loans classified as non-accrual as of December 31, 2024 are not included in the balances. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Securities based on amortized cost. |
Based on the
many factors and assumptions used in simulating the effect of changes in interest rates, the following table estimates the hypothetical
percentage change in net interest income at December 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 over the subsequent 12 months. We were
liability sensitive at December 31, 2024 and primarily liability sensitive at December 31, 2023. In 2023, we increased our non-maturity
deposit interest rate betas in increasing rate environments, which increased our liability sensitivity at December 31, 2023. This
was partially offset by the previously mentioned $150.0 million Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement that we entered into effective May 5,
2023. Furthermore, we reduced the average live on our non-maturity deposits at June 30, 2024. As a result, our modeling, at December
31, 2024, reflects a decrease in net interest income in a rising interest rate environment during the first 12-month period subsequent
to interest rate changes. The negative impact of rising rates on net interest income is slightly less liability sensitive during
the second 12-month period subsequent to interest rate changes. In a declining interest rate environment, the model reflects increases
in net interest income in all of the scenarios during the first 12-month period subsequent to interest rate changes. The positive
impact in the down 100, down 200, and down 300 basis point scenarios of declining rates changes to a slightly less positive impact
on net interest income during the second 12-month period subsequent to interest rate changes. In the down 400 basis point scenario,
the model reflects a slight decrease. The increase and decrease of 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points, respectively, reflected
in the table below assume a simultaneous and parallel change in interest rates along the entire yield curve.
Net Interest
Income Sensitivity
| Change in short-term interest rates | Hypothetical percentage change in net interest income | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| +400bp | -13.27 | % | -12.24 | % | ||||
| +300bp | -9.20 | % | -8.92 | % | ||||
| +200bp | -5.23 | % | -5.62 | % | ||||
| +100bp | -2.18 | % | -2.47 | % | ||||
| Flat | — | — | ||||||
| -100bp | +2.12 | % | +0.94 | % | ||||
| -200bp | +3.77 | % | +1.18 | % | ||||
| -300bp | +3.04 | % | -1.11 | % | ||||
| -400bp | +0.76 | % | -1.50 | % |
54
During the second
12-month period after 100 basis point, 200 basis point, 300 basis point, and 400 basis point simultaneous and parallel increases
in interest rates along the entire yield curve, our net interest income is projected to decline 2.04%, 4.96%, 8.75%, and 12.70%,
respectively, at December 31, 2024, and decline 1.94%, 4.67%, 7.63%, and 10.68%, respectively, at December 31, 2023. During the
second 12-month period after 100 basis point, 200 basis point, 300 basis point, and 400 basis point simultaneous and parallel
reduction in interest rates along the entire yield curve, our net interest income is projected to increase 1.80%, 2.91%, and 1.46%
and decline 1.75%, respectively, at December 31, 2024, and to increase 0.51% and decline 0.03%, 3.19%, and 4.41%, respectively,
at December 31, 2023.
We perform a
valuation analysis projecting future cash flows from assets and liabilities to determine the Present Value of Equity (“PVE”)
over a range of changes in market interest rates. The sensitivity of PVE to changes in interest rates is a measure of the sensitivity
of earnings over a longer time horizon. Policies have been established in an effort to maintain the maximum anticipated negative
impact of these modeled changes in PVE at no more than 15%, 20%, 25%, and 25%, respectively, in a 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis
point change in market interest rates. Based on PVE, we were primarily asset sensitive at December 31, 2024 and asset sensitive
at December 31, 2023. However, in the up 300 and 400 basis point scenarios, present value of equity declines 1.47% and 3.72%,
respectively, at December 31, 2024.
Present Value
of Equity Sensitivity
| Change in present value of equity | Hypothetical percentage change in PVE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||
| +400bp | -3.72 | % | +1.49 | % | ||||
| +300bp | -1.47 | % | +0.44 | % | ||||
| +200bp | +0.23 | % | +1.54 | % | ||||
| +100bp | +0.92 | % | +1.59 | % | ||||
| Flat | — | — | ||||||
| -100bp | -2.31 | % | -3.91 | % | ||||
| -200bp | -6.80 | % | -10.63 | % | ||||
| -300bp | -14.97 | % | -23.39 | % | ||||
| -400bp | -27.07 | % | -47.74 | % |
Provision and Allowance for Credit
Losses
Year Ended December 31, 2024 and
2023
On January
1, 2023, we adopted CECL, which resulted in a day one reduction of $14 thousand to the allowance for credit losses on loans
offset by increases of $398 thousand to the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments and $43.5 thousand to the
allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity investments. Furthermore, deferred tax assets increased $90 thousand and retained
earnings declined $337 thousand. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses on loans increased
$868 thousand to $13.1 million, the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments declined $117 thousand to $480 thousand,
and the allowance for credit loss on held-to-maturity investments declined $7 thousand to $23 thousand. Compared to the day one
CECL results, the allowance for credit losses on loans increased $945 thousand to $12.3 million at December 31, 2023 from $11.3
million at January 1, 2023; the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments increased $199 thousand to $597 thousand as
of December 31, 2023 from $398 thousand as of January 1, 2023; and the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity investments
declined $14 thousand to $30 thousand at December 31, 2023 from $43.5 thousand at January 1, 2023. At December 31, 2024, the combined
allowance for credit losses for loans, unfunded commitments, and investments was $13.6 million compared to $12.9 million at December
31, 2023 and $11.8 million at January 1, 2023.
The allowance
for credit losses on loans as a percentage of total loans held-for-investment was 1.08% at December 31, 2024, 1.08% at December
31, 2023 and 1.15% at January 1, 2023.
55
The total ACL
is composed of three parts: the ACL for loans, the ACL for unfunded commitments, and the ACL for HTM investments. The ACL for
loans is further composed of the allowance for individually assessed loans, the allowance for collectively assessed expected losses,
the allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments, and the allowance for collectively assessed additional allowance.
The allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments is calculated using a set of qualitative factors, which at December
31, 2024 and 2023 included the following factors:
| Qualitative Factors | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in basis points) | December 31, | December 31, | |||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Changes in lending policies and procedures | 3 | 3 | |||||
| Changes in staff, markets, and products | 5 | 5 | |||||
| Change in total of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned | 1 | 1 | |||||
| Changes in the loan review system | 2 | 2 | |||||
| Change in collateral value for non-collateral dependent loans | 9 | 9 | |||||
| Changes in concentration of credits | 11 | 11 | |||||
| Changes in the legal or regulatory requirements and competition | 10 | 10 | |||||
| Data limitations | 10 | 10 | |||||
| Model imprecision | 14 | 14 | |||||
| Reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios | 15 | 17 | |||||
| Total Basis Points | 80 | 82 |
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023,
approximately 91.4% and 91.7%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. When loans, whether commercial
or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income sources
sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a
secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and
we believe that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance
that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any point in time
or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The allowance is also subject
to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such factors as the methodology used to determine
adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies could require us to adjust
our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing asset
ratio was 0.04% of total assets with the nominal level of $810 thousand in non-performing assets at December 31, 2024 compared to 0.05%
and $864 thousand at December 31, 2023. Non-accrual loans increase to $219 thousand at December 31, 2024 from $27 thousand at December
31, 2023. We had $48 thousand in accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2024 compared to $215 thousand at December 31,
2023. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.05% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2024 compared to 0.06% at December 31, 2023. The
ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 1.06% of total bank regulatory risk-based capital at December
31, 2024 from 1.25% at December 31, 2023. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, we experienced net loan recoveries of $6
thousand (charge-offs of $97 thousand less recoveries of $103 thousand) and net overdraft charge-offs of $71 thousand (charge-offs of
$87 thousand less recoveries of $16 thousand). In comparison, we experienced net loan recoveries of $55 thousand and net overdraft
charge-offs of $49 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
There were five
loans totaling $267 thousand (0.02% of total loans) included on non-performing status (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90
days and still accruing) at December 31, 2024. Two of these loans were on non-accrual status. The largest loan of the two is $217
thousand and is secured by a first lien mortgage. The balance of the remaining loan on non-accrual status is $2 thousand and it
is secured by a second lien mortgage. We had two loans totaling $215 thousand that were accruing loans past due 90 days or more
at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we considered loan relationships exceeding $500 thousand and
on non-accrual status as individually assessed loans for the allowance for credit losses. At December 31, 2024 and December 31,
2023, we had no individually assessed loans. The specific allowance for individually assessed loans is based on the fair value
of collateral method or present value of expected cash flows method. For collateral dependent loans, the fair value of collateral
method is used and the fair value is determined by an independent appraisal less estimated selling costs. There were no specific
allowances for credit losses on our individually assessed loans at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2024,
we had $554 thousand in loans that were delinquent 30 days to 89 days representing 0.05% of total loans compared to $498 thousand
or 0.04% of total loans at December 31, 2023.
56
Year Ended December 31, 2023 and
2022
On January
1, 2023, we adopted CECL, which resulted in a day one reduction of $14 thousand to the allowance for credit losses on loans
offset by increases of $398 thousand to the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments and $43.5 thousand to the
allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity investments. Furthermore, deferred tax assets increased $90 thousand and retained
earnings declined $337 thousand. Refer to the “Application of New Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2023” section in
Note 2 for more information about our CECL adoption and methodology. Compared to the day one CECL results, the allowance for credit
losses on loans increased $945 thousand to $12.3 million at December 31, 2023 from $11.3 million at January 1, 2023; the allowance
for credit losses on unfunded commitments increased $199 thousand to $597 thousand as of December 31, 2023 from $398 thousand
as of January 1, 2023; and the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity investments declined $14 thousand to $30 thousand
at December 31, 2023 from $43.5 thousand at January 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the combined allowance for credit losses
for loans, unfunded commitments, and investments was $12.9 million compared to $11.8 million at January 1,
2023 and $11.3 million at December 31, 2022.
The allowance
for credit losses on loans as a percentage of total loans held-for-investment was 1.08% at December 31, 2023, 1.15% at January
1, 2023, and 1.16% at December 31, 2022.
The total ACL
is composed of three parts: the ACL for loans, the ACL for unfunded commitments, and the ACL for HTM investments. The ACL for
loans is further composed of the allowance for individually assessed loans, the allowance for collectively assessed expected losses,
the allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments, and the allowance for collectively assessed additional allowance.
The allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments is calculated using a set of qualitative factors, which at December
31, 2023 included the following factors:
| Qualitative Factors | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (in basis points) | December 31, | ||
| 2023 | |||
| Changes in lending policies and procedures | 3 | ||
| Changes in staff, markets, and products | 5 | ||
| Change in total of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned | 1 | ||
| Changes in the loan review system | 2 | ||
| Change in collateral value for non-collateral dependent loans | 9 | ||
| Changes in concentration of credits | 11 | ||
| Changes in the legal or regulatory requirements and competition | 10 | ||
| Data limitations | 10 | ||
| Model imprecision | 14 | ||
| Reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios | 17 | ||
| Total Basis Points | 82 |
Refer to the
“Application of New Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2023” section in Note 2 for more information about our CECL adoption
and methodology.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022,
approximately 91.7% and 91.2%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. When loans, whether commercial
or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income sources
sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a
secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and
we believe that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance
that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any point in time
or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The allowance is also subject
to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such factors as the methodology used to determine
adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies could require us to adjust
our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing
asset ratio was 0.05% of total assets with the nominal level of $864 thousand in non-performing assets at December 31, 2023 compared
to 0.35% and $5.8 million at December 31, 2022. Non-accrual loans declined to $27 thousand at December 31, 2023 from $4.9 million
at December 31, 2022. The declines in both non-performing assets and non-accrual loans from December 31, 2022 to December 31,
2023 were due to non-accrual loan payoffs and paydowns primarily due to the successful resolution of two customer relationships
with three non-accrual loans totaling $716 thousand, which were paid-off during the first quarter of 2023; and due to one large
loan relationship totaling $3.9 million, which was resolved during the second quarter of 2023. The resolution of the $3.9 million
loan relationship during the second quarter of 2023 occurred through the foreclosure process followed by the timely sale of the
real estate at a gain of $105 thousand. We had $215 thousand in accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2023 compared
to $2 thousand at December 31, 2022. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.06% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2023
compared to 0.06% at December 31, 2022. The ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 1.25%
of total bank regulatory risk-based capital at December 31, 2023 from 4.47% at December 31, 2022. During the twelve months ended
December 31, 2023, we experienced net loan recoveries of $55 thousand (charge-offs of $24 thousand less recoveries of $79 thousand)
and net overdraft charge-offs of $49 thousand (charge-offs of $63 thousand and recoveries of $14 thousand). In comparison, we
experienced net loan recoveries of $361 thousand and net overdraft charge-offs of $52 thousand during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022.
57
There were four
loans totaling $242 thousand (0.02% of total loans) included on non-performing status (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90
days and still accruing) at December 31, 2023. Two of these loans were on non-accrual status. The largest loan of the two is $24
thousand and is secured by a truck. The balance of the remaining loan on non-accrual status is $3 thousand and it is secured by
a second mortgage lien. Furthermore, we had $88 thousand in accruing trouble debt restructurings, or TDRs, at December 31, 2022.
We had two loans totaling $215 thousand that were accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2023. At December 31,
2023, we considered loan relationships exceeding $500 thousand and on non-accrual status as individually assessed loans for the
allowance for credit losses. At December 31, 2023, we had no individually assessed loans. At December 31, 2022, we considered
a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due,
including both principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Non-accrual loans and accruing
TDRs were considered impaired. At December 31, 2022, we had 11 impaired loans totaling $5.0 million. The specific allowance for
individually assessed loans is based on the fair value of collateral method or present value of expected cash flows method. For
collateral dependent loans, the fair value of collateral method is used and the fair value is determined by an independent appraisal
less estimated selling costs. There was no specific allowance for credit losses on our individually assessed loans at December
31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, we had $498 thousand in loans that were delinquent 30 days to 89 days representing
0.04% of total loans compared to $564 thousand or 0.06% of total loans at December 31, 2022.
Year Ended December 31, 2022
We accounted
for our allowance for loan losses under the incurred loss model during 2022 and 2021. At December 31, 2022, the allowance for
credit losses was $11.3 million, or 1.16% of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale), compared to $11.2 million, or 1.29%
of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2021. Excluding PPP loans and loans held-for-sale, the allowance
for credit losses was 1.16% of total loans at December 31, 2022 compared to 1.30% of total loans at December 31, 2021. The decline
in the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans compared to December 31, 2021 is primarily related to a reduction
in the loss emergence period assumption in our COVID-19 qualitative factor, which was added to our allowance for credit losses
methodology during 2020 and is discussed below. The loss emergence assumption on our COVID-19 qualitative factor was reduced to
zero months at December 31, 2022 from 21 months at December 31, 2021. This reduction was partially offset by loan growth of $117.2
million; $309 thousand in net recoveries; an increase in our economic conditions qualitative factor by six basis points due to
higher inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, labor shortages in certain industries, and the war in Ukraine; an increase in our
change in staff qualitative factor by one basis point due to the addition of a new team and new market in York County, South Carolina
in March 2022; and an increase in our change in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual loans qualitative factor by two basis
points due to a $4.1 million loan being moved to non-accrual status in June 2022. This loan has a loan-to-value of 76.3% based
on an appraisal received in May 2022.
During 2020,
we added a qualitative factor for the COVID-19 pandemic to our allowance for credit losses methodology. This qualitative factor
was based on the dollar amount of our deferrals and a one-year loss emergence period based on the highest period of annual historical
loss rate since the Bank’s inception. As the pandemic worsened, we added our exposure to certain industry segments most
impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (hotels, restaurants, assisted living, and retail) to the COVID-19 qualitative factor and we
extended the loss emergence period to two years based on the highest two periods of annual historical loss rates since the Bank’s
inception. The loss emergence period assumption in the COVID-19 qualitative factor was reduced to zero months at December 31,
2022 from 21 months at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the COVID-19 qualitative factor represented
zero dollars and $1.9 million, respectively, of our allowance for credit losses.
Loans that we
acquired in our acquisition of Cornerstone Bancorp, otherwise referred to herein as Cornerstone, in 2017 as well as in our acquisition
of Savannah River Financial Corp., otherwise referred to herein as Savannah River, in 2014 are accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30.
These acquired loans were initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred
over the life of the loans. The credit component on loans related to cash flows not expected to be collected is not subsequently
accreted (non-accretable difference) into interest income. Any remaining portion representing the excess of a loan’s or
pool’s cash flows expected to be collected over the fair value is accreted (accretable difference) into interest income.
At December 31, 2022, the remaining credit component on loans attributable to acquired loans in the Cornerstone and Savannah River
transactions was $81 thousand.
Our provision
for credit losses was a credit of $152 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to an expense of $335 thousand
during the same period in 2021. The reduction in provision for credit losses is primarily related to a decrease in our COVID-19
qualitative factor in our allowance for credit losses methodology and net recoveries during the twelve months of 2022, partially
offset by increases in our economic conditions, change in staff, and changes in past due, rated, and non-accrual loan qualitative
factors and loan growth as discussed above.
58
The allowance
for credit losses represents an amount that we believe will be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become
uncollectible. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based on assumptions about future events,
which we believe to be reasonable, but which may or may not prove to be accurate. Our determination of the allowance for credit
losses is based on evaluations of the collectability of loans, including consideration of factors such as the balance of impaired
loans, the quality, mix, and size of our overall loan portfolio, the knowledge and depth of lending personnel, economic conditions
(local and national) that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the amount and quality of collateral securing the
loans, our historical credit loss experience, and a review of specific problem loans. We also consider qualitative factors such
as changes in the lending policies and procedures, changes in the local or national economies, changes in volume or type of credits,
changes in volume/severity of problem loans, quality of loan review and board of director oversight, and concentrations of credit.
We charge recognized losses to the allowance and add subsequent recoveries back to the allowance for credit losses. There can
be no assurance that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any
point in time or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period.
We perform an
analysis quarterly to assess the risk within the loan portfolio. The portfolio is segregated into similar risk components for
which historical loss ratios are calculated and adjusted for identified changes in current portfolio characteristics. Historical
loss ratios are calculated by product type and by regulatory credit risk classification (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements). The annualized weighted average loss ratios over the last 36 months for loans classified as substandard, special
mention and pass have been approximately 0.00%, 0.07% and 0.00%, respectively. The allowance consists of an allocated and unallocated
allowance. The allocated portion is determined by types and ratings of loans within the portfolio. The unallocated portion of
the allowance is established for losses that exist in the remainder of the portfolio and compensates for uncertainty in estimating
the credit losses. The allocated portion of the allowance is based on historical loss experience as well as certain qualitative
factors as explained above. The qualitative factors have been established based on certain assumptions made as a result of the
current economic conditions and are adjusted as conditions change to be directionally consistent with these changes. The unallocated
portion of the allowance is composed of factors based on management’s evaluation of various conditions that are not directly
measured in the estimation of probable losses through the experience formula or specific allowances. The overall risk as measured
in our three-year lookback, both quantitatively and qualitatively, does not encompass a full economic cycle. Net charge-offs in
the 2009 to 2011 period averaged 63 basis points annualized in our loan portfolio. Over the most recent three-year period, our
net charge-offs have experienced a modest net recovery. We currently believe the unallocated portion of our allowance represents
potential risk associated throughout a full economic cycle.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021,
approximately 90.8% and 90.9%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. When loans, whether commercial
or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income sources
sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a
secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and
we believe that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance
that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any point in time
or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The allowance is also subject
to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such factors as the methodology used to determine
adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies could require us to adjust
our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing
asset ratio was 0.35% of total assets with the nominal level of $5.8 million in non-performing assets at December 31, 2022 compared
to 0.09% and $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. Non-accrual loans increased to $4.9 million at December 31, 2022 from $250 thousand
at December 31, 2021. The increases in both non-performing assets and non-accrual loans from December 31, 2021 to December 31,
2022 were due to one $4.1 million loan that was moved to non-accrual status in June 2022. This loan had a loan-to-value of 76.3%
at the time it was moved to non-accrual based on an appraisal received in May 2022. The balance of this loan is $4.0 million at
December 31, 2022. Furthermore, we had one customer relationship with two loans totaling $508 thousand, which was placed on non-accrual
during September 2022. This relationship had a loan-to-value of 42.5% at the time it was moved to non-accrual. The balance of
this relationship increased to $550 thousand at December 31, 2022 due to a loan advance to pay real estate taxes. We had $2 thousand
in accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2022 compared to zero at December 31, 2021. Loans past due 30 days
or more represented 0.06% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2022 compared to 0.03% at December 31, 2021. The ratio of
classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 4.47% of total bank regulatory risk-based capital at December 31,
2022 from 6.27% at December 31, 2021. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we experienced net loan recoveries of
$361 thousand and net overdraft charge-offs of $52 thousand.
59
There were 12
loans totaling $4.9 million (0.50% of total loans) included on non-performing status (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90
days and still accruing) at December 31, 2022. Ten of these loans totaling $4.9 million were on non-accrual status. The largest
loan included on non-accrual status is in the amount of $4.0 million and is secured by a first mortgage lien and had a loan-to-value
of 76.3% at the time it was moved to non-accrual based on an appraisal received in May 2022. The average balance of the remaining
nine loans on non-accrual status is approximately $104 thousand with a range between $1 and $406 thousand. Five of these loans
are secured by first mortgage liens, three loans are secured by second mortgage liens, and one is secured by equipment. Furthermore,
we had $88 thousand in accruing trouble debt restructurings, or TDRs, at December 31, 2022 compared to $1.4 million at December
31, 2021. This reduction was due to the payoff of one loan. We had two loans totaling $2 thousand that were accruing loans past
due 90 days or more at December 31, 2022. We consider a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable
that we will be unable to collect all amounts due, including both principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of
the loan agreement. Nonaccrual loans and accruing TDRs are considered impaired. At December 31, 2022, we had 11 impaired loans
totaling $5.0 million compared to ten impaired loans totaling $1.7 million at December 31, 2021. These loans were measured for
impairment under the fair value of collateral method or present value of expected cash flows method. For collateral dependent
loans, the fair value of collateral method is used and the fair value is determined by an independent appraisal less estimated
selling costs. There was no specific allowance for loan and lease losses on our impaired loans at December 31, 2022 and December
31, 2021. At December 31, 2022, we had ten loans totaling $565 thousand that were delinquent 30 days to 89 days representing 0.06%
of total loans compared to $235 thousand or 0.03% of total loans at December 31, 2021.
The following
table summarizes the activity related to our allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for Credit Losses
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average loans outstanding (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 1,180,482 | $ | 1,044,983 | $ | 914,569 | ||||||
| Loans outstanding at period end (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 1,230,204 | $ | 1,134,019 | $ | 980,857 | ||||||
| Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 219 | $ | 27 | $ | 4,895 | ||||||
| Loans past due 90 days and still accruing | $ | 48 | $ | 215 | $ | 2 | ||||||
| Beginning balance of allowance | $ | 12,267 | $ | 11,336 | $ | 11,179 | ||||||
| CECL Day 1 Adjustment | — | (14 | ) | |||||||||
| Loans charged-off: | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgage | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | 2 | — | — | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | — | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Commercial | 88 | 20 | — | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 94 | 67 | 67 | |||||||||
| Overdrafts | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Total loans charged-off | 184 | 87 | 68 | |||||||||
| Recoveries: | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgage | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | 2 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | 18 | 9 | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | 11 | 37 | 326 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | 9 | 22 | 13 | |||||||||
| Commercial | 61 | 5 | 17 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 18 | 18 | 16 | |||||||||
| Total recoveries | 119 | 93 | 377 | |||||||||
| Net loans recovered (charged off) | (65 | ) | 6 | 309 | ||||||||
| Provision for (release of) credit losses | 933 | 939 | (152 | ) | ||||||||
| Balance at period end | $ | 13,135 | $ | 12,267 | $ | 11,336 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans and loans held-for-sale | 0.01 | % | 0.00 | % | (0.03 | )% | ||||||
| Allowance as percent of total loans | 1.08 | % | 1.08 | % | 1.16 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans as % of total loans | 0.04 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as % of non-performing loans | 4,919.48 | % | 5,069.01 | % | 194.41 | % | ||||||
| Nonaccrual loans as % of total loans | 0.02 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as % of nonaccrual loans | 5,997.72 | % | 45,433.33 | % | 231.58 | % |
60
The following
table details net charge-offs to average loans outstanding by loan category for the years ended December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 27 | $ | 15 | $ | (17 | ) | |||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 82,478 | $ | 76,315 | $ | 71,999 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.03 | % | 0.02 | % | (0.02 | )% | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 140,065 | $ | 99,502 | $ | 91,258 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | (0.01 | )% | ||||||
| Mortgage-residential | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (18 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | — | ||||
| Average loans for the year(1) | $ | 110,345 | $ | 76,604 | $ | 49,278 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans(1) | (0.02 | )% | (0.01 | )% | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (37 | ) | $ | (326 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 794,728 | $ | 747,202 | $ | 662,044 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | (0.05 | )% | ||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (22 | ) | $ | (12 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 36,767 | $ | 30,884 | $ | 27,479 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.02 | )% | (0.07 | )% | (0.04 | )% | ||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 78 | $ | 49 | $ | 51 | ||||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 16,099 | $ | 14,476 | $ | 12,511 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.48 | % | 0.34 | % | 0.41 | % | ||||||
| Total: | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 65 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (309 | ) | ||||
| Average loans for the year(1) | $ | 1,180,482 | $ | 1,044,983 | $ | 914,569 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans(1) | 0.01 | % | 0.00 | % | (0.03 | )% |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Average loans exclude loans held for sale |
At December
31, 2022, loans acquired in the Cornerstone transaction are excluded from our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance as they
were measured at fair value at acquisition. The assumptions used in this evaluation included a credit component and an interest
rate component. These loans amounted to approximately $5.5 million at 2022.
Accrual of interest
is discontinued on loans when we believe, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts that a borrower’s
financial condition is such that the collection of interest is doubtful. A delinquent loan is generally placed in nonaccrual status
when it becomes 90 days or more past due. At the time a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest, which has been accrued
on the loan but remains unpaid, is reversed and deducted from earnings as a reduction of reported interest income. No additional
interest is accrued on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably certain.
61
The following
table shows the allocation of the allowance for credit losses on loans:
Allocation of the Allowance for
Credit Losses on Loans
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Amount | % of loans in category | Amount | % of loans in category | Amount | % of loans in category | ||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | $ | 994 | 7.6 | % | $ | 935 | 7.6 | % | $ | 849 | 7.9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Real Estate Construction | 1,675 | 12.8 | % | 1,337 | 10.9 | % | 75 | 0.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 7,974 | 60.6 | % | 8,146 | 66.4 | % | 8,569 | 80.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential | 1,639 | 12.5 | % | 1,122 | 9.2 | % | 723 | 6.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer - Home Equity | 568 | 4.3 | % | 472 | 3.8 | % | 314 | 2.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 285 | 2.2 | % | 255 | 2.1 | % | 170 | 1.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Unallocated | — | N/A | — | N/A | 636 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 13,135 | 100.0 | % | $ | 12,267 | 100.0 | % | $ | 11,336 | 100.0 | % |
Non-interest Income and
Expense
Non-interest
Income. A source of noninterest income is service charges on deposit accounts. We also originate and sell residential loans
on a servicing released basis in the secondary market. These loans are originated in our name. The loans have locked in price
commitments to be purchased by investors at the time of closing. Therefore, these loans present very little market risk for us.
We typically deliver to, and receive funding from, the investor within 30 days. Other sources of noninterest income are derived
from investment advisory fees and commissions on non-deposit investment products, ATM/debit card fees, commissions on check sales,
safe deposit box rent, wire transfer, official check fees, rental income, and bank owned life insurance income.
Non-interest
income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 increased to $14.0 million from $10.4 million during the same period in
2023. The $3.6 million increase in non-interest income is primarily related to a reduction in loss on sale of securities of $1.2
million, increases in mortgage banking income of $962 thousand, investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions of $1.7 million,
and an increase in gains on insurance proceeds of $73 thousand partially offset by a decease in gain on sale of other assets of
$146 thousand and a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $229 thousand.
During
the third quarter of 2023, we sold $39.9 million of book value U.S. Treasuries in our available-for-sale investment securities
portfolio. While this sale created a one-time pre-tax loss of $1.2 million, it provided additional liquidity which was used to
pay down borrowings and fund loan growth. The weighted average book yield of the securities sold was 1.75% and the projected earn
back period is 1.6 years. There was no such similar sale during 2024.
Mortgage banking
income increased $962 thousand to $2.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $1.4 million during the same
period in 2023. Secondary mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was $79.3 million compared to $49.7
million during the same period in 2023 while the gain on sale margin increased to 2.96% during the twelve months ended December
31, 2024 from 2.83% during the same period in 2023.
During 2022,
we began to market an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) product to provide borrowers with an alternative to fixed-rate mortgages
and to help offset anticipated mortgage production challenges. Currently, we are offering 5/6, 7/6, and 10/6 ARM loans that are
originated for our loans held-for-investment portfolio. Furthermore, in 2022, we added a new construction residential real estate
team and product. Total mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was $165.6 million, $79.3 million
of the production was originated to be sold in the secondary market, $40.9 million of the loan production was originated as ARM
loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio, and $45.4 million of the loan production was commitments for new construction
residential real estate loans. As these ARM and new construction residential real estate loans are being held on our balance sheet
as loans held-for-investment, the result is additive to loan growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income,
which is reported in noninterest income as mortgage banking income.
62
Investment advisory
fees increased $1.7 million to $6.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $4.5 million during the same
period in 2023. Total assets under management were $926.0 million at December 31, 2024 compared to $755.4 million at December
31, 2023. Our net new assets were $37.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Furthermore, our investment
performance for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 was 17.6% compared to 23.3% for the S&P 500.
Gain (loss) on
sale of other assets declined $146 thousand to a gain of $5 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $151
thousand during the same period in 2023 due to an income tax recovery in 2024 on a previously sold other real estate owned property
and due to a sale of other real estate owned during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023.
The $229 thousand
loss on early extinguishment of debt during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 resulted from our decision to use available
cash to reduce FHLB advances to zero, including the pre-payment of $35.0 million in FHLB advances during the fourth quarter of
2024. We believe this reduction in these borrowings positioned us for improvements in net interest income and margin in the future.
Non-interest
income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 declined to $10.4 million from $11.6 million during the same period in
2022. The $1.1 million decline in non-interest income is primarily related to decreases in non-recurring non-interest income of
$866 thousand, and mortgage banking income of $494 thousand partially offset by increases in investment advisory fees and non-deposit
commissions of $32 thousand and other non-interest income of $177 thousand.
During
the third quarter of 2023, we sold $39.9 million of book value U.S. Treasuries in our available-for-sale investment securities
portfolio, which created a one-time pre-tax loss of $1.2 million. The weighted average book yield of the securities sold was 1.75%
and the projected earn back period is 1.6 years.
Mortgage banking
income declined $494 thousand to $1.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $1.9 million during the same
period in 2022. Secondary mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $49.7 million compared to $65.8
million during the same period in 2022 while the gain on sale margin declined to 2.83% during the twelve months ended December
31, 2023 from 2.85% during the same period in 2022. The reduction in mortgage production was primarily due to a higher interest
rate environment and low levels of home inventories.
Total mortgage
production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $135.7 million, $49.7 million of the production was originated
to be sold in the secondary market, $32.5 million of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment
portfolio, and $53.5 million of the loan production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. As these
ARM and new construction residential real estate loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the result
is additive to loan growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest income
as mortgage banking income.
Investment advisory
fees increased $32 thousand to $4.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $4.5 million during the same
period in 2022. Total assets under management were $755.4 million at December 31, 2023 compared to $558.8 million at December
31, 2022. Our net new assets were $39.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Furthermore, our investment
performance for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was 28.2% compared to 24.2% for the S&P 500.
The $977 thousand
in non-recurring contra non-interest income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 includes the previously mentioned
loss on sale of securities of $1.2 million, gains on sale of other real estate owned of $151 thousand, a bank owned life insurance
claim of $93 thousand, and gains on insurance proceeds of $28 thousand. We recorded $111 thousand in other non-recurring
contra income related to a loss on sale of other real estate owned of $45 thousand, due to the sale of one other real estate owned
property, and a loss on sale of other assets of $73 thousand, due to the sale of one bank owned premise, partially offset by gains
on insurance proceeds of $7 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
Non-interest
income, other increased $177 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily
due to increases in ATM debit card income of $65 thousand and rental income of $48 thousand.
63
The following
table sets forth for the periods indicated the primary components of noninterest income:
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
| Deposit service charges | 952 | 963 | 960 | |||||||||
| Mortgage banking income | 2,368 | 1,406 | 1,900 | |||||||||
| Investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions | 6,181 | 4,511 | 4,479 | |||||||||
| Loss on sale of securities | — | (1,249 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of other real estate owned | — | 151 | (45 | ) | ||||||||
| Loss on sale of other assets | (5 | ) | — | (73 | ) | |||||||
| Other non-recurring income | 105 | 121 | 7 | |||||||||
| ATM debit card income | 2,758 | 2,771 | 2,706 | |||||||||
| Recurring income on bank owned life insurance | 799 | 745 | 721 | |||||||||
| Rental income | 395 | 370 | 322 | |||||||||
| Other service fees including safe deposit box fees | 230 | 230 | 251 | |||||||||
| Wire transfer fees | 123 | 119 | 132 | |||||||||
| Other | 98 | 283 | 209 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 14,004 | $ | 10,421 | $ | 11,569 |
Non-interest
Expense. In the very competitive financial services industry, we recognize the need to place a great deal of emphasis on expense
management and continually evaluate and monitor growth in discretionary expense categories in order to control future increases.
Non-interest
expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 increased $4.3 million to $47.5 million from $43.1 million during the
same period in 2023. The increase is primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits of $3.4 million, increases in
marketing and public relations expense of $15 thousand, increases in FDIC Insurance assessments of $273 thousand, increases in
other real estate expense, net, of $215 thousand, and increases in other non-interest expense of $597 thousand, partially offset
by a decline in occupancy expense of $63 thousand and equipment expense of $115 thousand.
| · | Salary and benefit expense increased $3.4 million to $29.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $25.9 million during the same period in 2023. This increase is primarily a result of normal salary adjustments and an increase of approximately $834 thousand in additional annual incentive compensation. We had 260 full-time employees, ten part-time employees, and eight seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2024 compared to 268 full-time employees, 14 part-time employees, and five seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2023. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | Occupancy expense declined $63 thousand to $3.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $3.2 million during the same period in 2023 primarily due to lower building and yard maintenance costs and lease expense partially offset by higher janitorial services. | |
| · | Equipment expense declined $115 thousand to $1.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $1.6 million during the same period in 2023 primarily due to lower equipment depreciation, equipment maintenance and repairs, and auto expense. | |
| · | Marketing and public relations increased $15 thousand to $1.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $1.5 million during the same period in 2023 primarily due to timing of planned media production and campaigns. | |
| · | FDIC assessments increased $273 thousand to $1.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $904 thousand during the same period in 2023 due to an increase in our FDIC assessment rate and our assets. | |
| · | Other real estate expenses increased $215 thousand to $103 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 from $112 thousand in contra expenses or credits during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. This was primarily due to a return to normal activity during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to a significant reversal in accruals for real estate taxes on a non-accrual loan, which were either paid by the borrower or recovered as a result of the sale of the real estate. | |
| · | Other expense increased $597 thousand to $10.7 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $10.1 million during the same period in 2023, which included |
| o | Core banking and electronic processing and services increased $224 thousand or 8.9% primarily due to an increase in the cost of our core service provider, FIS as a result of higher customer activity and enhanced technology. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | ATM/debit card processing increased $206 thousand or 19.2% as EFT processing expense increased during the period. | |
| o | Software subscriptions and services increased $252 thousand or 25.0% due to new subscriptions and higher renewal rates. |
64
| o | Debit card and fraud losses declined $223 thousand, or 52.8%, due to a decline in fraud losses. Debit card and fraud losses rose during 2023 due to an extraordinary spike in mail check fraud losses during the third quarter of 2023. We responded to this spike with countermeasures including deploying additional resources, and conducting a formal customer education marketing campaign called “THINK TWICE,” which requests customers who have been a victim of fraud to enhance their check authorization processes and upgrade to our current fraud detection system. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Telephone expense increased $32 thousand or 6.6% due to a change in our telecommunications vendor, which resulted in paying two vendors for a period of time and due to a $29 thousand write-off the remainder of a contract related to the closing of our downtown Augusta, Georgia banking office. | |
| o | Loan processing and closing costs declined $95 thousand or 28.7% primarily due to lower average new loan sizes in 2024 and fees paid for a home equity campaign in 2023. | |
| o | Legal and professional fees increased $163 thousand, or 15.6%, primarily due to an increase in auditing costs and higher legal expense. |
Non-interest
expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 increased to $43.1 million from $41.3 million during the same period
in 2022. The $1.9 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits of $507 thousand,
occupancy expense of $155 thousand, equipment expense of $223 thousand, marketing and public relations of $237 thousand, FDIC
assessment of $223 thousand, and other expense of $753 thousand partially offset by lower other real estate expense of $420 thousand.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Salary and benefit expense increased $507 thousand to $25.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $25.4 million during the same period in 2022. This increase is primarily a result of normal salary adjustments, the addition of six employees in our York County, South Carolina office in 2022, the addition of new mortgage lenders during the third quarter of 2022, and increased compensation levels for banking office employees implemented at the beginning of the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by lower mortgage banking commissions and annual incentive compensation. We had 268 full-time employees, 14 part-time employees, and five seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2023 compared to 254 full-time employees, seven part-time employees, and eight seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Occupancy expense increased $155 thousand to $3.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $3.0 million during the same period in 2022 primarily related to the opening of our York County, South Carolina office in 2022, the expansion of our Southlake operations and support location in Lexington, South Carolina, and higher maintenance expense partially offset by lower janitorial expense. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Equipment expense increased $223 thousand to $1.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1.3 million during the same period in 2022 primarily due to higher equipment maintenance and repair, equipment depreciation, and auto expense. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Marketing and public relations increased $237 thousand to $1.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $1.3 million during the same period in 2022 primarily due to media production and campaigns. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | FDIC assessments increased $436 thousand to $904 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $468 thousand during the same period in 2022 due to an increase in our FDIC assessment rate. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Other real estate expenses declined $420 thousand to $112 thousand in contra expenses or credits during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $308 thousand in expenses during the same period in 2022 primarily due to a reversal in accruals for real estate taxes on a non-accrual loan, which were either paid by the borrower or recovered as a result of the sale of the real estate. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Other expense increased $753 thousand to $10.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $9.4 million during the same period in 2022, which included |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Computer service expense, which includes core banking and electronic processing and services, ATM/debit card processing, software subscriptions and services and wire processing fees, increased $344 thousand primarily due to higher customer activity and enhanced technology solutions. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Debit card and fraud losses increased $137 thousand due to an extraordinary spike in mail check fraud losses during the third quarter of 2023. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Telephone expense increased $131 thousand primarily due to a change in our telecommunications vendor, which resulted in paying two vendors for a period of time. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Director fees increased $113 thousand primarily due to an increase in director compensation, which includes an increase in director stock awards. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Loan processing and closing costs increased $65 thousand due to an increase in loans. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Correspondent services increased $51 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Legal and professional fees declined $135 thousand primarily due to lower legal expense. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | Investment advisory services declined $80 thousand. |
65
The following
table sets forth for the periods indicated the primary components of noninterest expense:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 29,263 | $ | 25,864 | $ | 25,357 | |||||
| Occupancy | 3,094 | 3,157 | 3,002 | ||||||||
| Equipment | 1,451 | 1,566 | 1,343 | ||||||||
| Marketing and public relations | 1,511 | 1,496 | 1,259 | ||||||||
| FDIC Insurance assessments | 1,177 | 904 | 468 | ||||||||
| Other real estate expense (income) | 103 | (112 | ) | 308 | |||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 158 | 158 | 158 | ||||||||
| Core banking and electronic processing and services | 2,736 | 2,512 | 2,469 | ||||||||
| ATM/debit card processing | 1,280 | 1,074 | 885 | ||||||||
| Software subscriptions and services | 1,260 | 1,008 | 896 | ||||||||
| Supplies | 151 | 134 | 134 | ||||||||
| Telephone | 517 | 485 | 354 | ||||||||
| Courier | 296 | 284 | 279 | ||||||||
| Correspondent services | 303 | 354 | 303 | ||||||||
| Insurance | 406 | 381 | 358 | ||||||||
| Debit card and Fraud losses | 199 | 422 | 285 | ||||||||
| Investment advisory services | 344 | 329 | 409 | ||||||||
| Loan processing and closing costs | 236 | 331 | 266 | ||||||||
| Director fees | 603 | 601 | 488 | ||||||||
| Legal and Professional fees | 1,205 | 1,042 | 1,177 | ||||||||
| Shareholder expense | 277 | 197 | 221 | ||||||||
| Other | 895 | 957 | 834 | ||||||||
| $ | 47,465 | $ | 43,144 | $ | 41,253 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| * | Core banking and electronic processing and services includes core processing, bill payment, online banking, remote deposit capture, wire processing services and postage costs for mailing customer notices and statements. |
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax
expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were $3.8 million, $3.2 million, and $3.8 million, respectively.
See Note 14 “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. We recognize deferred
tax assets for future deductible amounts resulting from differences in the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities
and operating loss carry forwards. The deferred tax assets are established based on the amounts expected to be paid/recovered
at existing tax rates. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the deferred tax asset to the level that it is more likely
than not that the tax benefit will be realized. Our effective tax rates were 21.5%, 21.3%, and 20.6%, for the twelve month periods
ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rates were affected by a $149 thousand non-recurring
reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, by a $122 thousand non-recurring reduction to income
tax expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, and by a $153 thousand non-recurring reduction to income taxes during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Furthermore, we purchased $500 thousand of South Carolina State Tax Credits for $432.5
thousand in November 2024, which created a $67.5 thousand non-recurring benefit to income taxes in November 2024. As a result
of our current level of tax-exempt securities in our investment portfolio and our BOLI holdings, assuming the current corporate
rate remains unchanged, our effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 22.25% to 22.75%.
Financial Position
Assets increased
$130.3 million, or 7.1%, to $2.0 billion at December 31, 2024 from $1.8 billion at December 31, 2023. The $130.3 million increase
in assets was primarily due to loans (excluding loans held-for-sale), which increased $86.5 million, or 7.6%, to $1.2 billion
at December 31, 2024 from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2023.
66
Earning Assets
Loans and loans held-for-sale
Loans held-for-sale
increased to $9.7 million at December 31, 2024 from $4.4 million at December 31, 2023. Loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) increased
$86.5 million, or 7.6%, to $1.2 billion at December 31, 2024 from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2023. Total loan production, excluding
mortgage secondary market and new construction residential real estate, was $179.3 million during the twelve months ended December
31, 2024 compared to $198.8 million during the same period in 2023. Advances from unfunded commercial construction loans available
for draws were $94.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Total mortgage production during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2024 was $165.6 million, $79.3 million of the production was originated to be sold in the secondary market,
$40.9 million of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio, and $45.4 million
of the loan production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. Total mortgage production during the
twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $135.7 million, $49.7 million of the production was originated to be sold in the secondary
market, $32.5 million of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio, and $53.5
million of the loan production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. As these ARM and new construction
residential real estate loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the result is additive to loan
growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest income as mortgage banking
income. The increase in mortgage production was primarily due to higher secondary market and ARM production partially offset by
lower construction residential real estate loan production. Payoffs and paydowns increased to $113.2 million during the twelve
months ended December 31, 2024 compared to $87.0 million during the same period in 2023. However, they were still the second lowest
level of payoffs and paydowns in the past six years. The loan-to-deposit ratio (including loans held-for-sale) at December 31,
2024 and December 31, 2023 was 73.4% and 75.3%, respectively. The loan-to-deposit ratio (excluding loans held-for-sale) at December
31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was 72.8% and 75.1%, respectively.
One of our goals
as a community bank has been, and continues to be, to grow our assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to small
and mid-size businesses and individuals within the markets we serve. We remain committed to meeting the credit needs of our local
markets. Based on the Bank’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2024, its non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans
and its construction and land development loans were approximately 305% and 82% of total risk-based capital, respectively. Furthermore,
our three-year growth in non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans was 46% from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2024.
We have expertise and a long history in originating and managing commercial real estate loans. We have a strong credit underwriting
process, which includes management and board oversight. We perform rigorous monitoring, stress testing, and reporting of these
portfolios at the management and board levels, and we continue to monitor the level of the concentration in commercial real estate
loans within the Bank’s loan portfolio monthly.
Loans typically
provide higher yields than the other types of earning assets. During 2024 and 2023, loans accounted for 66.3% and 64.2% of average
earning assets, respectively. The loan portfolio (including held-for-sale) averaged $1.2 billion in 2024 as compared to $1.0 billion
in 2023. Quality loan portfolio growth continued to be a strategic focus of ours in 2024. However, with the higher loan yields,
there are inherent credit and liquidity risks, which we attempt to control and counterbalance. One of our goals as a community
bank continues to be to grow our assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to small and mid-size businesses, as well
as individuals within the markets we serve. We remain committed to meeting the credit needs of our local markets, but adverse
national and local economic conditions, as well as deterioration of our asset quality, could significantly impact our ability
to grow our loan portfolio. Significant increases in regulatory capital expectations beyond the traditional “well capitalized”
ratios and significantly increased regulatory burdens could impede our ability to leverage our balance sheet and expand the loan
portfolio.
The following
table shows the composition of the loan portfolio by category:
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial, financial & agricultural | $ | 86,616 | $ | 78,134 | $ | 72,409 | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | 152,155 | 118,225 | 91,223 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—residential | 124,751 | 94,796 | 65,759 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—commercial | 796,411 | 791,947 | 709,218 | |||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home equity | 42,304 | 34,752 | 28,723 | |||||||||
| Other | 18,305 | 16,165 | 13,525 | |||||||||
| Total gross loans | $ | 1,220,542 | $ | 1,134,019 | $ | 980,857 | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | (13,135 | ) | (12,267 | ) | (11,336 | ) | ||||||
| Total net loans | $ | 1,207,407 | $ | 1,121,752 | $ | 969,521 |
In the
context of this discussion, a real estate mortgage loan is defined as any loan, other than loans for construction purposes, secured
by real estate, regardless of the purpose of the loan. We follow the common practice of financial institutions in our market area
of obtaining a security interest in real estate whenever possible, in addition to any other available collateral. This collateral
is taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment of the loan and tends to increase the magnitude of the real estate
loan components. Generally, we limit the loan-to-value ratio to 80%. The principal components of our loan portfolio at December
31, 2024 and 2023 were commercial mortgage loans in the amount of $796.4 million and $791.9 million, respectively, representing
65.3% and 69.8% of the portfolio, respectively, excluding loans held for sale. Significant portions of these commercial mortgage
loans are made to finance owner-occupied real estate. We continue to maintain a conservative philosophy regarding our underwriting
guidelines, and believe we will reduce the risk elements of the loan portfolio through strategies that diversify the lending mix.
67
The repayment
of loans in the loan portfolio as they mature is a source of liquidity. The following table sets forth the loans maturing within
specified intervals at December 31, 2024.
Loan Maturity Schedule
and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | One Year or Less | Over One Year Through Five Years | Over Five Years Through Fifteen years | Over Fifteen Years | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 15,195 | $ | 47,871 | $ | 23,550 | $ | — | $ | 86,616 | |||||||||
| Real estate: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Construction(1) | 42,211 | 84,395 | 25,549 | — | 152,155 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-residential | 3,305 | 14,687 | 3,191 | 103,568 | 124,751 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | 83,816 | 533,674 | 177,650 | 1,271 | 796,411 | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 2,726 | 6,693 | 32,885 | — | 42,304 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 3,248 | 14,118 | 569 | 370 | 18,305 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 150,501 | $ | 701,438 | $ | 263,394 | $ | 105,209 | $ | 1,220,542 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Included in construction loans are construction-to-permanent loans that will move to their permanent loan category upon completion of the construction phase. |
Loans
maturing after one year with:
| Variable Rate | $ | 161,867 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Rate | 908,174 | ||
| $ | 1,070,041 |
The information
presented in the above table is based on the contractual maturities of the individual loans, including loans which may be subject
to renewal at their contractual maturity. Renewal of such loans is subject to review and credit approval, as well as modification
of terms upon their maturity.
Investment
Securities
Our investment
securities portfolio is a significant component of our total earning assets. Investment securities declined $14.5 million to $491.7
million, net of allowance for credit losses on investments of $23 thousand, at December 31, 2024 from $506.2 million, net of allowance
for credit losses on investments of $30 thousand, at December 31, 2023. The $14.5 million decline was primarily related to normal
principal cash flows primarily offset by the purchase of $17.7 million in investment securities. Our investment securities portfolio
averaged $491.0 million in 2024, as compared to $541.1 million in 2023, which represents 27.5% and 33.2% of the average earning
assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
On June 1, 2022,
we reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred
at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized
net holding loss on the available-for-sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued
to be reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest
income over the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of
this transfer. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $12.3 million ($9.7 million net of tax)
at December 31, 2024. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $14.0 million ($11.1 million net
of tax) at December 31, 2023. Our HTM investments totaled $209.4 million and represented approximately 42% of our total investments
at December 31, 2024. Our AFS investments totaled $279.6 million or approximately 57% of our total investments at December 31,
2024. Our investments at cost totaled $2.7 million or approximately 1% of our total investments at December 31, 2024. The
unrealized losses on our investment securities are related to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary negative
impact on the fair value of our investment securities portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is
included in shareholders’ equity.
At December
31, 2024, the estimated weighted average life of our total investment portfolio was 5.67 years, the modified duration was 4.4,
the effective duration was 3.5, and the weighted average tax equivalent book yield was 3.68%. At December 31, 2023, the estimated
weighted average life of our total investment portfolio was 6.19 years, the modified duration was 4.7, the effective duration
was 3.8, and the weighted average tax equivalent book yield was 3.84%.
We held
no debt securities rated below investment grade at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
68
The following
table shows the Available-for Sale investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Securities available-for-sale at fair value: | |||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | 13,240 | $ | 18,346 | $ | 55,982 | |||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | 2,110 | 2,129 | 2,074 | ||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | 12,079 | 15,721 | 21,088 | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 244,204 | 238,159 | 244,599 | ||||||||
| Corporate and Other Securities | 7,949 | 7,871 | 8,118 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 279,582 | $ | 282,226 | $ | 331,861 |
The following
table shows the Held-to-Maturity investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Securities held-to-maturity at fair value: | |||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 96,918 | $ | 104,250 | $ | 113,116 | |||||
| State and local government | 99,122 | 101,268 | 100,497 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 196,040 | $ | 205,518 | $ | 213,613 |
We hold other
investments carried at cost totaling $2.7 million and $6.8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Other investments,
at cost, include Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock in the amount of $1.3 million, corporate stock in the amount
of $1.0 million, and a venture capital fund in the amount of $399.2 thousand at December 31, 2024. We held FHLB stock in the amount
of $5.4 million, corporate stock in the amount of $1.0 million, and a venture capital fund in the amount of $354.2 thousand at
December 31, 2023. These are equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Investment in the FHLB of Atlanta is
a condition of borrowing from the FHLB Atlanta. FHLB stock is carried at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment based
on an assessment of the ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as interest income. Dividends
received on other investments, at cost are reported as interest income.
Investment
Securities Maturity Distribution and Yields
The following
table shows, at amortized cost, the expected maturities and weighted average yield, which is calculated using amortized cost as
the weight and tax-equivalent book yield, of securities held at December 31, 2024:
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within One Year | After One But Within Five Years | After Five But Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | — | — | % | $ | 997 | 0.74 | % | $ | 14,825 | 1.24 | % | $ | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | — | — | $ | — | — | 2,500 | 2.00 | % | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | $ | 244 | 2.82 | % | 2,061 | 5.97 | % | 5,163 | 4.55 | % | 4,969 | 5.65 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 246 | 5.39 | % | 9,997 | 4.22 | % | 3,928 | 3.54 | % | 245,852 | 5.78 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other securities | — | — | 1,990 | 7.14 | % | 6,753 | 3.76 | % | 12 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 490 | 4.11 | % | $ | 15,045 | 4.61 | % | $ | 33,169 | 2.60 | % | $ | 250,833 | 5.77 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Within One Year | After One But Within Five Years | After Five But Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held-to-Maturity: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 6,284 | 2.83 | % | $ | 32,761 | 3.26 | % | $ | 16,231 | 3.41 | % | $ | 50,285 | 4.04 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| State and local government | 1,000 | 2.42 | 23,941 | 3.50 | % | 42,054 | 3.38 | % | 36,880 | 3.33 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities held-to-maturity | $ | 7,284 | 2.78 | % | $ | 56,702 | 3.36 | % | $ | 58,285 | 3.39 | % | $ | 87,165 | 3.74 | % |
69
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments,
which consist of federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and interest bearing deposits, averaged $110.9
million in 2024, as compared to $42.9 million in 2023. The increase in short-term investments in 2024 is primarily due to deposit
growth exceeding loan growth, which resulted in additional cash on hand for short-term investments. We maintain the majority of
our short-term overnight investments in our account at the Federal Reserve rather than in federal funds at various correspondent
banks due to the lower regulatory capital risk weighting. These funds are an immediate source of liquidity and are generally invested
in an earning capacity on an overnight basis. Other short-term investments, including funds on deposit at the Federal Reserve,
increased $56.7 million to $123.5 million at December 31, 2024 from $66.8 million at December 31, 2023 due to the previously mentioned
deposit growth. This additional liquidity will be used to fund loan growth.
Deposits and Other Interest-Bearing
Liabilities
Deposits.
Deposits increased $164.9 million, or 10.9%, to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2024 compared to $1.5 billion at December 31,
2023. Our pure deposits, which are defined as total deposits less certificates of deposits, increased $146.3 million, or 11.9%,
to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2024 from $1.2 billion at December 31, 2023. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits
as a percentage of total deposits in order to better manage our overall cost of funds.
To secure a cost-effective
stable funding source, during the third quarter of 2023, we issued $48.2 million in brokered certificates of deposit ranging in
terms from six months to three years, with the three year term callable after six months. We had $10.4 million and $48.1 million
dollars in brokered deposits at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Total uninsured
deposits were $542.9 million and $436.6 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Included in uninsured
deposits at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $105.8 million and $82.8 million of deposits of states or political subdivisions
in the U.S., which are secured or collateralized, respectively. Total uninsured deposits, excluding these deposits that are secured
or collateralized, totaled $437.1 million, or 26.1%, of total deposits at December 31, 2024 and $353.8 million, or 23.4%, of total
deposits at December 31, 2023.
The average balance
of all customer deposit accounts at December 31, 2024 was $24,434. The average balance for consumer accounts was $13,106 and the
average balance for non-consumer accounts was $53,162.
The following
table sets forth the average deposits by category:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Annual Average | Interest Rate | Annual Average | Interest Rate | Annual Average | Interest Rate | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposit accounts | $ | 443,571 | — | % | $ | 450,177 | — | % | $ | 478,649 | — | % | ||||||||||||
| Interest bearing checking accounts | 311,101 | 1.11 | % | 307,415 | 0.57 | % | 334,724 | 0.16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 417,178 | 3.31 | % | 361,994 | 2.69 | % | 304,784 | 0.73 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 112,473 | 0.38 | % | 133,010 | 0.23 | % | 162,876 | 0.09 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 309,509 | 4.35 | % | 178,339 | 2.68 | % | 135,882 | 0.42 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | $ | 1,593,832 | 1.96 | % | $ | 1,430,935 | 1.16 | % | $ | 1,416,915 | 0.25 | % |
The uninsured
amount of time deposits at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $40.8 million and $17.1 million, respectively.
A stable
base of deposits is expected to continue to be the primary source of funding to meet both our short-term and long-term liquidity
needs in the future. The maturity distribution of time deposits is shown in the following table.
Maturities
of Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposit of $250,000 or More
At December
31, 2024, time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit were as follows:
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Time deposits of $250,000 or more | $ | 14,930 | $ | 15,930 | $ | 9,156 | $ | 752 | $ | 40,768 |
70
Borrowed funds.
Borrowed funds consist of fed funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances and long-term
debt. Our long-term debt is a result of issuing $15.0 million in trust preferred securities. Short-term borrowings in the form
of securities sold under agreements to repurchase averaged $77.2 million, $74.6 million, and $74.8 million during 2024, 2023,
and 2022, respectively. The average rates paid during these periods were 2.83%, 2.22%, and 0.30%, respectively. The balances of
securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $103.1 million and $62.9 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023,
respectively. The repurchase agreements all mature within one to four days and are generally originated with customers that have
other relationships with us and tend to provide a stable and predictable source of funding. Federal funds purchased averaged $12
thousand, $1.1 million, and $1.5 million during 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The average rates paid during these periods
were 4.99%, 4.73%, and 3.54%, respectively. The balances of federal funds purchased were zero at December 31, 2024 and December
31, 2023. As a member of the FHLB, the Bank has access to advances from the FHLB for various terms and amounts. FHLB advances
averaged $54.8 million, $86.6 million, and $9.5 million during 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The average rates paid during
these periods were 5.12%, 5.02%, and 3.91%, respectively. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, FHLB advances were
reduced from $90.0 million at December 31, 2023 to zero at December 31, 2024, including the prepayment of $35.0 million of FHLB
advances resulting in a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $229 thousand. The balances of FHLB advances were zero and $90.0
million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The $90.0 million
in FHLB advances at December 31, 2023 had maturity dates between March 13, 2024, and November 3, 2026 with interest rates between
4.81% and 5.26%.
We issued
$15.5 million in trust preferred securities on September 16, 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2015, we redeemed $500 thousand
of these securities. Until the cessation of LIBOR on June 30, 2023, the securities accrued and paid distributions quarterly at
a rate of three month LIBOR plus 257 basis points, thereafter, such distributions to be paid quarterly transitioned to an adjusted
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) index in accordance with the Federal Reserve’s final rule implementing the Adjustable
Interest Rate Act, which is three-month CME Term SOFR plus 257 basis points plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161%. The remaining
debt may be redeemed in full anytime with notice and matures on September 16, 2034. Trust preferred securities averaged $15.0
million during 2024, 2023, and 2022. The average rates paid during these periods were 8.13%, 7.93%, and 4.51%, respectively. The
balances of trust preferred securities were $15.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
At December
31, 2024, there were no FHLB advances. At December 31, 2023, the FHLB advance maturities were as follows:
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | $ | 30,000 | $ | 10,000 | $ | 50,000 | $ | — | $ | 90,000 |
The $90 million
in FHLB advances at December 31, 2023 had maturity dates between March 13, 2024 and December 9, 2023 with interest rates between
4.83% and 5.25%.
Capital
Adequacy and Dividend Policy
Capital
Adequacy
Total shareholders’
equity increased $13.4 million, or 10.3%, to $144.5 million at December 31, 2024 from $131.1 million at December 31, 2023. Shareholders’
equity increased to 7.4% of total assets at December 31, 2024 from 7.2% of total assets at December 31, 2023 due to total asset
growth of $130.3 million, or 7.1%, compared to total shareholders’ equity growth of $13.4 million, or 10.3%. The growth
in assets was due to increases of $86.5 million in loans held-for-investment, $56.7 million in interest-bearing bank balances
and $5.2 million in loans held-for-sale partially offset by a decline of $14.5 million in investment securities. The $13.4 million
increase in shareholders’ equity was due to a $9.6 million increase in retention of earnings resulting from $14.0 million
in net income less $4.4 million in dividends; a $753 thousand increase due to employee and director stock awards; a $410 thousand
increase due to our dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP); and a $2.7 million improvement in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss was due to a decline in market interest rates, which affects the fair value
of our investment securities portfolio and accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, which is included in shareholders’
equity.
On April 20,
2022, we announced that our board of directors approved the repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2022
Repurchase Plan”), which represented approximately 5% of our 7,606,172 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023. No repurchases
were made under the 2022 Repurchase Plan prior to its expiration at the market close on December 31, 2023.
On
May 14, 2024, we announced that our board of directors approved a plan to utilize up to $7.1 million of capital to repurchase
shares of our common stock (the “2024 Repurchase Plan”), which represented approximately 5.3% of our shareholders’
equity at the time of the announcement. No repurchases have been made under the 2024 Repurchase Plan. The Repurchase Plan expires
at the market close on May 13, 2025.
71
During each quarter
in 2023, we paid an $0.14 per share dividend on our common stock. During the first and second quarter of 2024, we paid an $0.14
per share dividend on our common stock. During the third and fourth quarters of 2024, we paid an $0.15 per share dividend on our
common stock. On January 22, 2025, we announced a $0.15 per share dividend payable on February 18, 2025 to shareholders of record
of our common stock on February 4, 2025.
In addition,
we have a dividend reinvestment plan that allows existing shareholders the option of reinvesting cash dividends as well as making
optional purchases of up to $5,000 in the purchase of common stock per quarter.
The following
table shows the return on average assets (net income divided by average total assets), return on average equity (net income divided
by average equity), and equity to assets ratio for the three years ended December 31.
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on average assets | 0.74 | % | 0.68 | % | 0.88 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity | 10.17 | % | 9.59 | % | 11.99 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets ratio | 7.38 | % | 7.17 | % | 7.08 | % | ||||||
| Dividend Payout Ratio | 31.69 | % | 35.76 | % | 26.78 | % |
While the Company
is currently a small bank holding company and so generally is not subject to Basel III capital requirements, our Bank remains
subject to such capital requirements. See “Supervision and Regulation—Basel Capital Standards” for additional
information on Basel III and the Dodd-Frank Act.
The Bank
exceeded the regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2024 and 2023, as set forth in the following table:
| (In thousands) | Required Amount | % | Actual Amount | % | Excess Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Bank(1)(2): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 76,653 | 6.0 | % | $ | 164,397 | 12.9 | % | $ | 87,744 | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 102,204 | 8.0 | % | 178,034 | 13.9 | % | 75,830 | 5.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 57,490 | 4.5 | % | 164,397 | 12.9 | % | 106,907 | 8.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 78,274 | 4.0 | % | 164,397 | 8.4 | % | 86,123 | 4.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 73,696 | 6.0 | % | $ | 153,859 | 12.5 | % | $ | 80,163 | 6.5 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 98,261 | 8.0 | % | 166,752 | 13.6 | % | 68,491 | 5.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 55,272 | 4.5 | % | 153,859 | 12.5 | % | 98,587 | 8.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 72,830 | 4.0 | % | 153,859 | 8.5 | % | 81,029 | 4.5 | % |
| (1) | As a small bank holding company, the Company is generally not subject to Basel III capital requirements unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Required Amounts and Required Ratios do not include the capital conservation buffer of 2.5%. |
Dividend
Policy
Since we are
a bank holding company, our ability to declare and pay dividends is dependent on certain federal and state regulatory considerations,
including the guidelines of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends
by bank holding companies. In general, the Federal Reserve’s policies provide that dividends should be paid only out of
current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the
organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve’s policies also require
that a bank holding company serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary banks by standing ready to use available
resources to provide adequate capital funds to those banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and by maintaining
the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks where
necessary. In addition, under the prompt corrective action regulations, the ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends
may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. These regulatory policies could affect our ability to pay dividends
or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
72
Because the Company
is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and does not conduct stand-alone operations, the Company’s ability
to pay dividends depends on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, which is also subject to regulatory restrictions.
As a South Carolina-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to limitations on the amount of dividends that it is permitted to pay.
Unless otherwise instructed by the S.C. Board, the Bank is generally permitted under South Carolina state banking regulations
to pay cash dividends of up to 100% of net income in any calendar year without obtaining the prior approval of the S.C. Board.
In addition, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer, above its regulatory minimum capital requirements, consisting
entirely of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, in order to avoid restrictions with respect to its payment of dividends to First Community
Corporation. The FDIC also has the authority under federal law to enjoin a bank from engaging in what in its opinion constitutes
an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting its business, including the payment of a dividend under certain circumstances.
Liquidity Management
Liquidity management
involves monitoring sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits.
Liquidity represents our ability to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional
funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are
subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of the investment portfolio is very predictable
and subject to a high degree of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are
far less predictable and are not subject to nearly the same degree of control. Asset liquidity is provided by cash and assets
which are readily marketable, or which can be pledged or will mature in the near future. Liability liquidity is provided by access
to core funding sources, principally the ability to generate customer deposits in our market area. In addition, liability liquidity
is provided through the ability to borrow against approved lines of credit (federal funds purchased) from correspondent banks,
to borrow on a secured basis through the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and to borrow on a secured basis through securities
sold under agreements to repurchase. Furthermore, the Bank is a member of the FHLB and has the ability to obtain advances for
various periods of time. These advances are secured by eligible securities pledged by the Bank or assignment of eligible loans
within the Bank’s portfolio.
To secure
a cost-effective stable funding source, during the third quarter of 2023, we issued $48.2 million in brokered certificates of
deposit ranging in terms from six months to three years, with the three year term callable after six months. Brokered certificates
of deposit totaled $10.4 million and $48.1 million in brokered deposits as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The $10.4 million in brokered deposits had a maturity date of July 31, 2025 with an interest rate of 4.70%. We believe that we
have ample liquidity to meet the needs of our customers through our low cost deposits, our ability to issue brokered deposits,
our ability to borrow against approved lines of credit (federal funds purchased) from correspondent banks, our ability to borrow
on a secured basis through the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and our ability to obtain advances secured by certain securities
and loans from the FHLB.
We generally
maintain adequate liquidity and adequate capital, which along with continued retained earnings, we believe will be sufficient
to fund the operations of the Bank for at least the next 12 months. Furthermore, we believe that we will have access to adequate
liquidity and capital to support the long-term operations of the Bank.
Total shareholders’
equity increased $13.4 million, or 10.3%, to $144.5 million at December 31, 2024 from $131.1 million at December 31, 2023. Shareholders’
equity increased to 7.4% of total assets at December 31, 2024 from 7.2% of total assets at December 31, 2023 due to total asset
growth of $130.3 million, or 7.1%, compared to total shareholders’ equity growth of $13.4 million, or 10.3%. The growth
in assets was due to increases of $86.5 million in loans held-for-investment, $56.7 million in interest-bearing bank balances
and $5.2 million in loans held-for-sale partially offset by a decline of $14.5 million in investment securities. The $13.4 million
increase in shareholders’ equity was due to a $9.6 million increase in retention of earnings resulting from $14.0 million
in net income less $4.4 million in dividends; a $753 thousand increase due to employee and director stock awards; a $410 thousand
increase due to our dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP); and a $2.7 million improvement in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
The increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss was due to a decline in market interest rates, which affects the fair value
of our investment securities portfolio and accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, which is included in shareholders’
equity.
On June 1, 2022,
we reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred
at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized
net holding loss on the available-for-sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued
to be reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest
income over the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of
this transfer. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $12.3 million ($9.7 million net of tax)
at December 31, 2024. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $14.0 million ($11.1 million net
of tax) at December 31, 2023. Our HTM investments totaled $209.4 million and represented approximately 42% of our total investments
at December 31, 2024. Our AFS investments totaled $279.6 million or approximately 57% of our total investments at December 31,
2024. Our investments at cost totaled $2.7 million or approximately 1% of our total investments at December 31, 2024. The
unrealized losses on our investment securities are related to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary negative
impact on the fair value of our investment securities portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is
included in shareholders’ equity.
73
The Bank maintains
federal funds purchased lines in the total amount of $77.5 million with three financial institutions and $10.0 million through
the Federal Reserve Discount Window. We utilized none of our federal funds purchased lines at December 31, 2024 or 2023. The FHLB
of Atlanta has approved a line of credit of up to 25.00% of the Bank’s total assets, which, when utilized, is collateralized
by a pledge against specific investment securities and/or eligible loans. We had zero and $90.0 million in FHLB advances at December
31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The FHLB advances at December 31, 2023 had maturity dates between March 13, 2024 and November
3, 2026 with interest rates between 4.81% and 5.26%. At December 31, 2024, we have remaining credit availability under this facility
in excess of $485.6 million, subject to collateral requirements. Combined, we have total remaining credit availability, subject
to collateral requirements, in excess of $573.1 million as compared to uninsured deposits excluding deposits of states or political
subdivisions in the U.S., which are secured or collateralized, of $437.1 million as previously noted.
Through the operations
of our Bank, we have made contractual commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of our business activities. These commitments
are legally binding agreements to lend money to our customers at predetermined interest rates for a specified period of time.
At December 31, 2024, we had issued commitments to extend unused credit of $180.2 million, including $63.6 million in unused home
equity lines of credit, through various types of lending arrangements. At December 31, 2023, we had issued commitments to extend
unused credit of $214.2 million, including $53.1 million in unused home equity lines of credit, through various types of lending
arrangements. We evaluate each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained,
if deemed necessary by us upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral varies but may
include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial and residential real estate. We manage the credit
risk on these commitments by subjecting them to normal underwriting and risk management processes.
We regularly
review our liquidity position and have implemented internal policies establishing guidelines for sources of asset-based liquidity
and evaluate and monitor the total amount of purchased funds used to support the balance sheet and funding from noncore sources.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the
normal course of operations, we engage in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded
in the financial statements, or are recorded in amounts that differ from the notional amounts. These transactions involve, to
varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate, and liquidity risk. Such transactions are used by the company for general
corporate purposes or for customer needs. Corporate purpose transactions are used to help manage credit, interest rate, and liquidity
risk or to optimize capital. Customer transactions are used to manage customers’ requests for funding. Please refer to Note
15 of our financial statements for a discussion of our off-balance sheet arrangements.
Impact of Inflation
Unlike
most industrial companies, the assets and liabilities of financial institutions such as the Company and the Bank are primarily
monetary in nature. Therefore, interest rates have a more significant effect on our performance than do the effects of changes
in the general rate of inflation and change in prices. In addition, interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction
or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, we are not immune from changes occurring in inflation,
which risks include a decrease in demand for new mortgage loan and commercial real estate loan originations and refinancings,
an increase in competition for deposits, and an increase in non-interest expenses, which may have an adverse impact on our financial
performance. As discussed previously, we continually seek to manage the relationships between interest sensitive assets and liabilities
in order to protect against wide interest rate fluctuations, including those resulting from inflation.
FY 2023 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001552781-24-000169.
Item 7. Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following
discussion and analysis identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during
the periods included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction
with the financial statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are headquartered
in Lexington, South Carolina and serve as the bank holding company for the Bank. We engage in a general commercial and retail
banking business characterized by personalized service and local decision making, emphasizing the banking needs of small to medium-sized
businesses, professionals and individuals. We operate from our main office in Lexington, South Carolina, and our 22 full-service
offices located in the South Carolina counties of Lexington County (6 offices), Richland County (4 offices), Newberry County (2
offices), Kershaw County (1 office), Aiken County (1 office), Greenville County (2 offices), Anderson County (1 office), Pickens
County (1 office), and York County (1 office); and in the Georgia counties of Richmond County (2 offices) and Columbia County
(1 office).
The following
discussion describes our results of operations for 2023, as compared to 2022 and 2021, and also analyzes our financial condition
as of December 31, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022. Like most community banks, we derive most of our income from interest
we receive on our loans and investments. A primary source of funds for making these loans and investments is our deposits, on
which we pay interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of our success is our amount of net interest income, or the difference
between the income on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the expense on our interest-bearing liabilities,
such as deposits and borrowings.
We have included
a number of tables to assist in our description of these measures. For example, the “Average Balances” table shows
the average balance during 2023, 2022 and 2021 of each category of our assets and liabilities, as well as the yield we earned
or the rate we paid with respect to each category. A review of this table shows that our loans typically provide higher interest
yields than do other types of interest earning assets, which is why we intend to channel a substantial percentage of our earning
assets into our loan portfolio. Similarly, the “Rate/Volume Analysis” table helps demonstrate the impact of changing
interest rates and changing volume of assets and liabilities during the years shown. We also track the sensitivity of our various
categories of assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates, and we have included a “Sensitivity Analysis Table”
to help explain this. Finally, we have included a number of tables that provide detail about our investment securities, our loans,
our deposits and our borrowings.
There
are risks inherent in all loans, so we maintain an allowance for credit losses to absorb expected losses in 2023 and probable
losses in 2022 and 2021 on existing loans that may become uncollectible. We establish and maintain this allowance by charging
a provision for credit losses against our operating earnings. In the following section, we have included a detailed discussion
of this process, as well as several tables describing our allowance for credit losses and the allocation of this allowance among
our various categories of loans.
In addition to
earning interest on our loans and investments, we earn income through fees and other expenses we charge to our customers. We describe
the various components of this noninterest income, as well as our noninterest expense, in the following discussion. The discussion
and analysis also identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during the periods
included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with the
financial statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this report.
49
Critical Accounting Estimates
We have adopted
various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and with
general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies
are described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
Certain
accounting policies inherently involve a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions, and judgments and, as such, have
a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported, which could have a material
impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. We consider these accounting policies
and estimates to be critical accounting policies. We have identified the determination of the allowance for credit losses,
income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities, goodwill and other intangible assets, and derivative instruments to be the
accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments and, as such, could be most subject to revision as new
or additional information becomes available or circumstances change, including overall changes in the economic climate and/or
market interest rates Therefore, management has reviewed and approved these critical accounting policies and estimates and has
discussed these policies with our Audit and Compliance Committee.
Allowance for Credit Losses
As of
January 1, 2023, we adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”)
2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC
326”), which changed the methodology, accounting policies and inputs used in determining the allowance for credit losses
(“ACL”). Refer to the “Application of New Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2023” section in Note 2 for more
information about our CECL adoption and methodology. We believe the allowance for credit losses is the critical accounting policy
that requires the most significant judgment and estimates used in preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
The allowance for
credit losses represents our best estimate of credit losses on financial assets. The allowance for credit losses is assessed at
least quarterly and adjustments are recorded in the provision for credit losses. These losses are estimated using historical loss
rates and a projection of reasonable and supportable macroeconomic forecast, combined with additional qualitative factors. At
December 31, 2023, we held an allowance for credit losses for our held-to-maturity investment securities, our loans
held-for-investment and our unfunded commitments that are not unconditionally cancelable.
The allowance
for credit losses represents an amount which we believe will be adequate to absorb expected losses (2023) and probable losses
(2022 and 2021) on existing financial assets that may become uncollectible. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance for
credit losses is based on assumptions about future events, which we believe to be reasonable, but which may or may not prove to
be accurate. There can be no assurance that charge-offs of financial assets in future periods will not exceed the allowance for
credit losses as estimated at any point in time or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting
period.
The allowance
for credit losses represents management’s best estimate for our expected losses at December 31, 2023 and probable losses
at December 31, 2022 and 2021, but significant downturns in circumstances relating to asset quality and economic conditions could
result in a requirement for additional allowance for credit losses. Likewise, an upturn in asset quality and improved economic
conditions may allow a reduction in the required allowance for credit losses. In either instance, unanticipated changes could
have a significant impact on results of operations. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination
process, periodically review our allowance for credit losses. Such agencies may require us to recognize additions to the allowance
for credit losses based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.
Income Taxes,
Deferred Tax Assets, and Deferred Tax Liabilities
We are subject
to the income tax laws of the U.S., its states, and the municipalities in which we operate. These tax laws are complex and subject
to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant government taxing authorities.
50
Income taxes
are provided for the tax effects of the transactions reported in our consolidated financial statements and consist of taxes currently
due plus deferred taxes related to differences between the tax basis and accounting basis of certain assets and liabilities, including
available-for-sale securities, allowance for credit losses, write-downs of OREO properties, write-downs on premises held-for-sale,
accumulated depreciation, net operating loss carry forwards, accretion income, deferred compensation, intangible assets, and pension
plan and post-retirement benefits. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those
differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are reflected at income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities
are expected to be realized or settled. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a
deferred tax asset will not be realized. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
In establishing
our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our valuation allowance, we must make judgments and
interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws. We must also make estimates about when in the future
certain items will affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions. Disputes over interpretations of the tax laws may be
subject to review/adjudication by the court systems of the various tax jurisdictions or may be settled with the taxing authority
upon examination or audit. Although we believe that the judgments and estimates used are reasonable, and we believe our estimates
have been reasonably accurate, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. To
the extent we prevail in matters for which reserves have been established, or are required to pay amounts in excess of our reserves,
our effective income tax rate in a given financial statement period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement
would result in an increase in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would result
in a reduction in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution.
Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets
Goodwill
represents the cost in excess of fair value of the net assets we acquired (including identifiable intangibles) in purchase transactions.
Other intangible assets represent premiums paid for acquisitions of core deposits (core deposit intangibles)
We
test our goodwill for impairment by evaluating whether the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. This test is
done annually or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate the asset might be impaired.
Derivative Instruments
We
utilize derivative instruments to manage risks such as interest rate risk or market risk. Our Derivatives Policy prohibits using
derivatives for speculative purposes.
Accounting
for derivatives differs significantly depending on whether a derivative is designated as an accounting hedge, which is a transaction
intended to reduce a risk associated with a specific asset or liability or future expected cash flow at the time it is purchased.
In order to qualify as an accounting hedge, a derivative must be designated as such at inception by management and meet certain
criteria. Management must also continue to evaluate whether the instrument effectively reduces the risk associated with that item.
To determine if a derivative instrument continues to be an effective hedge, we must make assumptions and judgments about the continued
effectiveness of the hedging strategies and the nature and timing of forecasted transactions. If our hedging strategy was to become
ineffective, hedge accounting would no longer apply and the reported results of operations or financial condition could be materially
affected.
51
Financial Highlights
| As of or For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,827,688 | $ | 1,672,946 | $ | 1,584,508 | ||||||
| Loans held for sale | 4,433 | 1,779 | 7,120 | |||||||||
| Loans | 1,134,019 | 980,857 | 863,702 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 1,511,001 | 1,385,382 | 1,361,291 | |||||||||
| Total common shareholders’ equity | 131,059 | 118,361 | 140,998 | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 131,059 | 118,361 | 140,998 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, basic | 7,568 | 7,528 | 7,491 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, diluted | 7,647 | 7,608 | 7,549 | |||||||||
| Results of Operations: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 72,697 | $ | 51,117 | $ | 47,520 | ||||||
| Interest expense | 23,805 | 3,174 | 2,241 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | 48,892 | 47,943 | 45,279 | |||||||||
| Provision for (release of) credit losses | 1,129 | (152 | ) | 335 | ||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for (release of) credit losses | 47,763 | 48,095 | 44,944 | |||||||||
| Non-interest income | 10,421 | 11,569 | 13,904 | |||||||||
| Non-interest expenses | 43,144 | 41,253 | 39,201 | |||||||||
| Income before taxes | 15,040 | 18,411 | 19,647 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 3,197 | 3,798 | 4,182 | |||||||||
| Net income | 11,843 | 14,613 | 15,465 | |||||||||
| Net income available to common shareholders | 11,843 | 14,613 | 15,465 | |||||||||
| Per Share Data: | ||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1.56 | $ | 1.94 | $ | 2.06 | ||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | 1.55 | 1.92 | 2.05 | |||||||||
| Book value at period end | 17.23 | 15.62 | 18.68 | |||||||||
| Tangible book value at period end (non-GAAP) | 15.23 | 13.59 | 16.62 | |||||||||
| Dividends per common share | 0.56 | 0.52 | 0.48 | |||||||||
| Asset Quality Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets(3) | 0.05 | % | 0.35 | % | 0.09 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans to period end loans | 0.02 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.03 | % | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans | 0.00 | % | (0.03 | )% | (0.05 | )% | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to period-end total loans | 1.08 | % | 1.16 | % | 1.29 | % | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses to non-performing assets | 1,492.36 | % | 194.41 | % | 789.98 | % | ||||||
| Selected Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Return on average assets | 0.68 | % | 0.88 | % | 1.02 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity: | 9.59 | % | 11.99 | % | 11.22 | % | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP): | 10.95 | % | 13.73 | % | 12.65 | % | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)(1) | 71.23 | % | 68.60 | % | 66.09 | % | ||||||
| Noninterest income to operating revenue(2) | 17.57 | % | 19.44 | % | 23.49 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent) | 3.01 | % | 3.14 | % | 3.23 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets | 7.17 | % | 7.08 | % | 8.90 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 6.39 | % | 6.21 | % | 8.00 | % | ||||||
| Tier 1 risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 12.53 | % | 13.49 | % | 14.00 | % | ||||||
| Total risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 13.58 | % | 14.54 | % | 15.80 | % | ||||||
| Leverage (Bank)(4) | 8.45 | % | 8.63 | % | 8.45 | % | ||||||
| Average loans to average deposits(5) | 73.25 | % | 64.92 | % | 68.77 | % |
| (1) | The efficiency ratio is a key performance indicator in our industry. The ratio is calculated by dividing non-interest expense by net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding gains (losses) on sales of securities and other assets, non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income, gains on insurance proceeds, and collection of summary judgments on loans charged-off at a bank we acquired. The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses and net revenue. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Operating revenue is defined as net interest income plus noninterest income. |
| (3) | Includes non-accrual loans, loans 90 days delinquent and still accruing interest and other real estate owned (“OREO”). |
| (4) | As a small bank holding company, we are generally not subject to the capital requirements at the holding company level unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve; however, our Bank remains subject to capital requirements. |
| (5) | Includes loans held for sale. |
52
Certain financial information
presented above is determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include “efficiency
ratio,” “tangible book value at period end,” “return on average tangible common equity” and “tangible
common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets.” The “efficiency ratio” is defined as non-interest expense
divided by the sum of net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding gains (losses) on sales
of securities and other assets, non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income, gains on insurance proceeds, and collection
of summary judgments on loans charged off at a bank we acquired. The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between
operating expenses and net revenue. “Tangible book value at period end” is defined as total equity reduced by recorded
intangible assets divided by total common shares outstanding. “Return on average tangible common equity” is defined
as net income on an annualized basis divided by average total equity reduced by average recorded intangible assets. “Tangible
common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets” is defined as total common equity reduced by recorded intangible assets
divided by total assets reduced by recorded intangible assets. Our management believes that these non-GAAP measures are useful
because they enhance the ability of investors and management to evaluate and compare our operating results from period-to-period
in a meaningful manner. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools, and investors should not consider them in isolation
or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.
The table below provides a
reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP for the three years ended December 31:
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tangible book value per common share | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity per common share (non-GAAP) | $ | 15.23 | $ | 13.59 | $ | 16.62 | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 2.00 | 2.03 | 2.06 | |||||||||
| Book value per common share (GAAP) | $ | 17.23 | $ | 15.62 | $ | 18.68 | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity | ||||||||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | 10.95 | % | 13.73 | % | 12.65 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | (1.36 | )% | (1.74 | )% | (1.43 | )% | ||||||
| Return on average common equity (GAAP) | 9.59 | % | 11.99 | % | 11.22 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 6.39 | % | 6.21 | % | 8.00 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 0.78 | % | 0.87 | % | 0.90 | % | ||||||
| Common equity to assets (GAAP) | 7.17 | % | 7.08 | % | 8.90 | % |
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2023 and
2022
Our net income
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $11.8 million, or $1.55 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to $14.6
million, or $1.92 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The $2.8 million decline in
net income between the two periods is primarily due to a $1.1 million decline in non-interest income, a $1.9 million increase
in total non-interest expense and a $1.3 million increase in provision for credit losses, partially offset by a $949 thousand
increase in net interest income and a $601 thousand reduction in income tax expense.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $90.7 million in average earning assets partially offset by an 11 basis points decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $1.1 million provision for credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 is primarily related to a $153.2 million increase in loans held-for-investment and a $50.9 million increase in unfunded commitments net of unconditionally cancellable commitments partially offset by a reduction of five basis points in our qualitative factors (four basis points in our changes in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual / changes in total of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned qualitative factor and one basis point in our reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios qualitative factor). |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The $152 thousand in release of credit losses during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 is primarily related to the following: a decrease in our COVID-19 qualitative factor in our allowance for loan losses methodology and net recoveries during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 partially offset by increases in our economic conditions qualitative factor due to inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, labor shortages in certain industries, and the war in Ukraine; an increase in our changes in staff qualitative factor due to the addition of a new team and new market in York County, South Carolina in March 2022; an increase in our change in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual loans qualitative factor due to a $4.1 million loan being moved to non-accrual status in June 2022; and loan growth. |
53
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The decline in non-interest income is primarily related to a decline in mortgage banking income of $494 thousand and a 2023 $1.2 million loss on sale of securities partially offset by an increase of $196 thousand in gains on sale of other real estate owned, $114 thousand in other non-recurring non-interest income, and $177 thousand in other non-interest income. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in other non-recurring income was largely related to the bank owned life insurance claim of $93 thousand and gains on insurance proceeds of $28 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. We recorded $7 thousand in other non-recurring income related to gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The increase in other non-interest income was primarily related to increases of $65 thousand in ATM debit card income, $48 thousand in rental income, and $26 thousand in bankcard fees. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee benefits expense of $507 thousand, increased occupancy expense of $155 thousand, increased equipment expense of $223 thousand, increased marketing and public relations expense of $237 thousand, increased FDIC Insurance assessments of $436 thousand, increased ATM/debit card processing of $189 thousand, increased software subscriptions and services of $112 thousand, increased telephone expense of $131 thousand, increased debit card and fraud losses of $137 thousand, increased director fees of $113 thousand, and increased other expense of $123 thousand, partially offset by lower other real estate expense of $420 thousand, lower investment advisory services expense of $80 thousand and lower legal and professional fees of $135 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Our effective tax rate was 21.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 20.6% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The effective tax rates were affected by a $122 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and by a $153 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
54
Year Ended December 31, 2022 and
2021
Our net income
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $14.6 million, or $1.92 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to $15.5
million, or $2.05 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The $852 thousand decline
in net income between the two periods is primarily due to a $2.3 million decline in non-interest income and a $2.1 million increase
in non-interest expense partially offset by a $2.7 million increase in net interest income, a $487 thousand reduction in provision
for credit losses, and a $384 thousand reduction in income tax expense.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $122.2 million in average earning assets partially offset by an eight basis points decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The decline in non-interest income is primarily related to declines in mortgage banking income of $2.4 million, lower gains on sale of other real estate of $122 thousand, lower gains on sale of other assets of $190 thousand, and lower other non-recurring income of $164 thousand partially offset by an increase in investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions of $484 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The reduction in other non-recurring income was related to the collection of $147 thousand in summary judgments related to two loans charged off at a bank, which we subsequently acquired and $24 thousand in gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. We recorded $7 thousand in other non-recurring income related to gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The reduction in provision for credit losses is primarily related to the following: a decrease in our COVID-19 qualitative factor in our allowance for credit losses methodology and net recoveries during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 partially offset by increases in our economic conditions qualitative factor due to inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, labor shortages in certain industries, and the war in Ukraine; an increase in our changes in staff qualitative factor due to the addition of a new team and new market in York County, South Carolina in March 2022; an increase in our change in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual loans qualitative factor due to a $4.1 million loan being moved to non-accrual status in June 2022; and loan growth. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee benefits expense of $863 thousand, increased occupancy expense of $55 thousand, increased equipment expense of $47 thousand, increased marketing and public relations expense of $86 thousand, increased legal and professional fees of $299 thousand, increased ATM/debit card and data processing expense of $428 thousand, increased other real estate expense including other real estate write-downs of $203 thousand, increased fraud expense of $106 thousand, increased travel, meals, and entertainment expense of $103 thousand, and increased postage / courier expense of $118 thousand partially offset by lower FDIC assessments of $150 thousand, lower amortization of intangibles of $43 thousand, and lower loan processing costs of $63 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Our effective tax rate was 20.6% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 21.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The reduction in the effective tax rate was due to lower net income before tax and a $153 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
Net Interest Income
Net interest
income is our primary source of revenue. Net interest income is the difference between income earned on assets and interest paid
on deposits and borrowings used to support such assets. Net interest income is determined by the rates earned on our interest-earning
assets and the rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities, and the degree of mismatch and the maturity and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities.
55
Year Ended December 31, 2023 and
2022
Net interest
income increased $949,000, or 2.0%, to $48.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $47.9 million for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Our net interest margin declined by 11 basis points to 3.00% during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2023 from 3.11% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent
basis, was 3.01% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 3.14% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
Average earning assets increased $90.7 million, or 5.9%, to $1.6 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared
to $1.5 billion in the same period of 2022.
| · | The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in total loans partially offset by declines in securities and other short-term investments. | |
| · | Market interest rates increased in 2023, driving an increase in funding costs. Earning asset yield growth, which included the benefit of a pay-fixed/receive-floating interest rate swap (the “Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement”) described below, was more than offset by the rising price of funding, leading to the net interest margin compression. |
| o | Investment securities represented 33.2% of average total earning assets for the twelve month ended December 31, 2023 compared to 37.0% during the same period in 2022. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Short-term investments represented 2.6% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 3.3% during the same period in 2022. | |
| o | Loans represented 64.2% of average total earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 59.7% during the same period in 2022. | |
| o | During 2022 and 2023, market interest rates increased significantly due to an increase in inflation. The target range of federal funds was 5.25% - 5.50% at December 31, 2023 compared to 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2022. | |
| o | Effective May 5, 2023, we entered into Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement for a notional amount of $150.0 million that was designated as a fair value hedge in order to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of the fixed rate loans included in the closed loan portfolio. This fair value hedge converts the hedged loans from a fixed rate to a synthetic floating SOFR rate. The Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement will mature on May 5, 2026 and we will pay a fixed coupon rate of 3.58% while receiving the overnight SOFR rate. This interest rate swap positively impacted interest on loans by $1.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Loan yields and net interest margin both benefited during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 with an increase of 16 basis points and 10 basis points, respectively. |
Average loans
increased $127.7 million, or 13.9%, to $1.0 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $920.4 million for the
same period in 2022. Average loans represented 64.2% of average earning assets during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023
compared to 59.7% of average earning assets during the same period in 2022. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale) to deposit
ratio on average during 2023 was 73.2%, as compared to 64.9% during 2022. These increases were due to our growth in loans (including
loans held for sale) of $127.7 million exceeding our deposit growth of $13.3 million. The loan to deposit ratio (including loans
held-for-sale) increased to 75.3% at December 31, 2023 as compared to 70.9% at December 31, 2022. Our growth in loans of $155.8
million from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023 exceeded our growth in deposits of $125.6 million during the same period.
The growth in
our average deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase compared to the growth in our average loans resulted in
an increase in borrowings. The yield on loans increased 73 basis points to 4.99% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023
from 4.26% during the same period in 2022 due to market interest rates and the Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement. Average securities for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 declined $29.5 million, or 5.2%, to $541.1 million from $570.6 million during the same
period in 2022. Other short-term investments declined $7.5 million to $42.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31,
2023 from $50.5 million during the same period in 2022 due to the deployment of lower yielding other short-term investments into
higher yielding loans. The yield on our securities portfolio increased to 3.36% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023
from 1.97% for the same period in 2022. The yield on our other short-term investments increased to 5.11% for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2023 from 1.25% for the same period in 2022 due to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) increasing the
target range of federal funds during the twelve months of 2023 a total of 100 basis points and a total of 425 basis points during
the twelve months of 2022 . The target range of federal funds was 5.25% - 5.50% at December 31, 2023 compared to compared
to 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2022.
The yield on
earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 4.45% and 3.32%, respectively.
56
The cost of
interest-bearing liabilities was 2.06% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 30 basis points during the same
period in 2022. The cost of deposits, including demand deposits, was 1.16% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared
to 13 basis points during the same period in 2022. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 1.48% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2023 compared to 21 basis points during the same period in 2022. We continue to focus on growing our pure
deposits plus customer cash management repurchase agreements (demand deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings
deposits, money market accounts, IRAs, and customer cash management repurchase agreements) as these accounts tend to be low-cost
deposits and assist us in controlling our overall cost of funds. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, these pure
deposits plus customer cash management repurchase agreements averaged 89.9% of total deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements as compared to 92.2% during the same period of 2022.
Year Ended December 31, 2022 and
2021
Net interest
income increased $2.7 million, or 5.9%, to $47.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $45.3 million for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Our net interest margin declined by eight basis points to 3.11% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2022 from 3.19% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent
basis, was 3.14% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 3.23% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
Average earning assets increased $122.2 million, or 8.6%, to $1.5 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared
to $1.4 billion in the same period of 2021.
| · | The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in non-PPP loans and securities partially offset by declines in PPP loans and other short-term investments. | |
| · | Although market interest rates increased in 2022, the decline in net interest margin was due to excess liquidity generated from PPP loan proceeds, other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and organic deposit growth being deployed in lower yielding securities; and due to a reduction in PPP loans, which resulted in a change in the mix of our earning assets. |
| o | Investment securities represented 37.0% of average total earning assets for the twelve month ended December 31, 2022 compared to 32.2% during the same period in 2021. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Interest income on PPP loans declined to $49 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $3.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 due to a reduction in PPP loans. Average PPP loans declined to $336 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $36.8 million during the same period in 2021. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | In June 2022, a $4.1 million loan was moved to non-accrual status, which resulted in a $51 thousand reversal to interest income in June 2022. |
Average loans
increased $31.4 million, or 3.5%, to $920.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $889.0 million for the
same period in 2021. Average PPP loans declined $36.5 million and average Non-PPP loans increased $67.9 million to $336 thousand
and $920.0 million, respectively, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Average loans represented 59.7% of average earning
assets during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 62.6% of average earning assets during the same period in
2021. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale) to deposit ratio on average during 2022 was 64.9%, as compared to 68.8% during
2021. These declines were due to our growth in deposits of $124.9 million exceeding our loan (including loans held-for-sale) growth
of $31.4 million, net of a $36.5 million decline in PPP loans. However, the loan to deposit ratio (including loans held-for-sale)
increased to 70.9% at December 31, 2022 as compared to 64.0% at December 31, 2021. Our growth in loans of $111.8 million from
December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 exceeded our growth in deposits of $24.1 million during the same period.
The growth in
our average deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase compared to the growth in our average loans, net of the
$36.5 million decline in PPP loans resulted in the excess funds being deployed in our securities portfolio. The yield on loans
declined 20 basis points to 4.26% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from 4.46% during the same period in 2021 due
to reduction in higher yielding PPP loans. The yield on Non-PPP loans was 4.26% during both the twelve months ended December 31,
2022 and December 31, 2021. Average securities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 increased $113.7 million, or 24.9%,
to $570.6 million from $456.8 million during the same period in 2021. Other short-term investments declined $22.9 million to $50.5
million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $73.4 million during the same period in 2021 due to the deployment
of lower yielding other short-term investments into higher yielding securities and loans. The yield on our securities portfolio
increased to 1.97% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from 1.69% for the same period in 2021. The yield on our other
short-term investments increased to 1.25% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from 0.18% for the same period in 2021
due to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) increasing the target range of federal funds during the twelve months of 2022
a total of 425 basis points. The target range of federal funds was 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2022 compared to compared
to 0.00% - 0.25% at December 31, 2021.
The yield on
earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were 3.32% and 3.35%, respectively.
The cost of interest-bearing
liabilities was 30 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 24 basis points during the same period
in 2021. The cost of deposits, including demand deposits, was 13 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022
compared to 13 basis points during the same period in 2021. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 21 basis points
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 16 basis points during the same period in 2021. We continue to focus
on growing our pure deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements (demand deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings deposits, money market accounts,
IRAs, and customer cash management repurchase agreements) as these accounts tend to be low-cost deposits and assist us in controlling
our overall cost of funds. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, these pure deposits plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements averaged 92.2% of total deposits
plus customer cash management
repurchase agreements as compared to 90.6% during the same period of 2021.
57
Average Balances,
Income Expenses and Rates. The following table depicts, for the periods indicated, certain information related to our average
balance sheet and our average yields on assets and average costs of liabilities. Such yields are derived by dividing income or
expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. Average balances have been derived from daily averages.
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PPP loans | $ | 183 | $ | 5 | 2.73 | % | $ | 336 | $ | 49 | 14.58 | % | $ | 36,837 | $ | 3,340 | 9.07 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-PPP loans | 1,047,935 | 52,312 | 4.99 | % | 920,043 | 39,185 | 4.26 | % | 852,136 | 36,331 | 4.26 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans(1) | $ | 1,048,118 | $ | 52,317 | 4.99 | % | $ | 920,379 | $ | 39,234 | 4.26 | % | $ | 888,973 | $ | 39,671 | 4.46 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Taxable Securities | 50,726 | 1,471 | 2.90 | % | 52,501 | 1,525 | 2.90 | % | 54,771 | 1,564 | 2.86 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable Securities | 490,352 | 16,715 | 3.41 | % | 518,051 | 9,725 | 1.88 | % | 402,034 | 6,155 | 1.53 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Int Bearing Deposits in Other Banks | 42,859 | 2,191 | 5.11 | % | 50,435 | 633 | 1.26 | % | 72,823 | 130 | 0.18 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Sold | 56 | 3 | 5.36 | % | 15 | — | 0.00 | % | 564 | — | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | $ | 1,632,111 | $ | 72,697 | 4.45 | % | $ | 1,541,381 | $ | 51,117 | 3.32 | % | $ | 1,419,165 | $ | 47,520 | 3.35 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 25,278 | 27,034 | 23,668 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premises and equipment | 31,145 | 32,274 | 33,780 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets | 15,319 | 15,476 | 15,649 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 54,840 | 48,031 | 38,846 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-investments | (39 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-loans | (11,677 | ) | (11,250 | ) | (10,750 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,746,977 | $ | 1,652,946 | $ | 1,520,358 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | $ | 307,415 | $ | 1,760 | 0.57 | % | $ | 336,115 | $ | 273 | 0.08 | % | $ | 303,633 | $ | 196 | 0.06 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 361,994 | 9,721 | 2.69 | % | 308,473 | 943 | 0.31 | % | 273,005 | 471 | 0.17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 133,010 | 307 | 0.23 | % | 157,626 | 102 | 0.06 | % | 134,980 | 78 | 0.06 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 178,339 | 4,775 | 2.68 | % | 146,112 | 531 | 0.36 | % | 158,053 | 995 | 0.63 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Purchased | 1,100 | 52 | 4.73 | % | 1,496 | 53 | 3.54 | % | — | — | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 74,586 | 1,658 | 2.22 | % | 74,805 | 227 | 0.30 | % | 62,194 | 85 | 0.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | 86,614 | 4,345 | 5.02 | % | 9,457 | 370 | 3.91 | % | — | — | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Long-Term Debt | 14,964 | 1,187 | 7.93 | % | 14,964 | 675 | 4.51 | % | 14,964 | 416 | 2.78 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 1,158,022 | $ | 23,805 | 2.06 | % | $ | 1,049,048 | $ | 3,174 | 0.30 | % | $ | 946,829 | $ | 2,241 | 0.24 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 450,177 | 469,292 | 423,056 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for credit losses-unfunded commitments | 464 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 14,837 | 12,725 | 12,607 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | $ | 123,477 | $ | 121,881 | $ | 137,866 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 1,746,977 | $ | 1,652,946 | $ | 1,520,358 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of deposits, including demand deposits | 1.16 | % | 0.13 | % | 0.13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of funds, including demand deposits | 1.48 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest spread | 2.39 | % | 3.01 | % | 3.11 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income/margin | $ | 48,892 | 3.00 | % | $ | 47,943 | 3.11 | % | $ | 45,279 | 3.19 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent)(2) | $ | 49,176 | 3.01 | % | $ | 48,455 | 3.14 | % | $ | 45,776 | 3.23 | % |
| (1) | All loans and deposits are domestic. Average loan balances include non-accrual loans and loans held for sale. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Based on a 21.0% marginal tax rate. |
58
The following
table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and the
amount attributable to changes in rate. The combined effect related to volume and rate which cannot be separately identified,
has been allocated proportionately, to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
| 2023 versus 2022 Increase (decrease) due to | 2022 versus 2021 Increase (decrease) due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | ||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 5,862 | $ | 7,221 | $ | 13,083 | $ | 1,636 | $ | (2,073 | ) | $ | (437 | ) | ||||||||||
| Investment securities-taxable | (51 | ) | (3 | ) | (54 | ) | (67 | ) | 28 | (39 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Investment securities- nontaxable | (490 | ) | 7,480 | 6,990 | 2,001 | 1,569 | 3,570 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits in other banks | (80 | ) | 1,638 | 1,558 | (27 | ) | 530 | 503 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds sold | — | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 3,160 | 18,420 | 21,580 | 4,048 | (451 | ) | 3,597 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | (21 | ) | 1,508 | 1,487 | 23 | 54 | 77 | |||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 191 | 8,587 | 8,778 | 68 | 404 | 472 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | (13 | ) | 218 | 205 | 14 | 10 | 24 | |||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 142 | 4,102 | 4,244 | (70 | ) | (394 | ) | (464 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Fed funds purchased | 4 | (5 | ) | (1 | ) | 53 | — | 53 | ||||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | (1 | ) | 1,432 | 1,431 | 20 | 122 | 142 | |||||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | 3,842 | 133 | 3,975 | 370 | — | 370 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term debt | — | 512 | 512 | — | 259 | 259 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 363 | 20,268 | 20,631 | 261 | 672 | 933 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 949 | $ | 2,664 |
Market Risk and Interest
Rate Sensitivity
Market risk reflects
the risk of economic loss resulting from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. The risk of loss can be measured
in either diminished current market values or reduced current and potential net income. Our primary market risk is interest rate
risk. We have established an Asset/Liability Committee of the board of directors (the “ALCO”), which has members from
our board of directors and management to monitor and manage interest rate risk. Our ALCO
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | monitors our compliance with regulatory guidance in the formulation and implementation of our interest rate risk program; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | reviews the results of our interest rate risk modeling quarterly to assess whether we have appropriately measured our interest rate risk, mitigated our exposures appropriately and confirmed that any residual risk is acceptable; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | monitors and manages the pricing and maturity of our assets and liabilities in order to diminish the potential adverse impact that changes in interest rates could have on our net interest income; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | has established policies, policy guidelines, and strategies with respect to interest rate risk exposure and liquidity. |
Further, our ALCO and board of directors
explicitly review our ALCO policies at least annually and review our ALCO assumptions and policy limits quarterly.
We employ a monitoring
technique to measure our interest sensitivity “gap,” which is the positive or negative dollar difference between assets
and liabilities that are subject to interest rate repricing within a given period of time. Simulation modeling is performed to
assess the impact varying interest rates and balance sheet mix assumptions will have on net interest income. We model the impact
on net interest income for several different changes, to include a flattening, steepening and parallel shift in the yield curve.
For each of these scenarios, we model the impact on net interest income in an increasing and decreasing rate environment of 100,
200, 300, and 400 basis points. We also periodically stress certain assumptions such as loan prepayment rates, deposit decay rates
and interest rate betas to evaluate our overall sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Policies have been established in an
effort to maintain the maximum anticipated negative impact of these modeled changes in net interest income at no more than 10%,
15%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, in a 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis point change in interest rates over the first 12-month period
subsequent to interest rate changes. Interest rate sensitivity can be managed by repricing assets or liabilities, selling securities
available-for-sale, replacing an asset or liability at maturity, by adjusting the interest rate during the life of an asset or
liability, or by the use of derivatives such as interest rate swaps and other hedging instruments. Managing the amount of assets
and liabilities repricing in the same time interval helps to hedge the risk and minimize the impact on net interest income of
rising or falling interest rates. Neither the “gap” analysis or asset/liability modeling are precise indicators of
our interest sensitivity position due to the many factors that affect net interest income including, the timing, magnitude, and
frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in the volume and mix of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
59
The following
table illustrates our interest rate sensitivity at December 31, 2023.
Interest Sensitivity Analysis
| (Dollars in thousands) | Within One Year | One to Three Years | Three to Five Years | Over Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits | $ | 65,314 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 65,314 | ||||||||||
| Loans(1) | 261,262 | 308,573 | 342,957 | 221,227 | 1,134,019 | |||||||||||||||
| Loans Held for Sale | 4,433 | — | — | — | 4,433 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Securities(2) | 45,070 | 81,585 | 101,084 | 277,457 | 505,196 | |||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 376,079 | 390,158 | 444,041 | 498,684 | 1,708,962 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking accounts | 15,146 | 30,292 | 30,294 | 227,201 | 302,933 | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 20,225 | 40,452 | 40,449 | 303,375 | 404,501 | |||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 5,932 | 11,862 | 11,862 | 88,966 | 118,622 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 221,416 | 28,701 | 2,583 | (87 | ) | 252,613 | ||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 262,719 | 111,307 | 85,188 | 619,455 | 1,078,669 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | 132,827 | 35,000 | — | — | 167,827 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 395,546 | 146,307 | 85,188 | 619,455 | 1,246,496 | |||||||||||||||
| Period gap | $ | (19,467 | ) | $ | 243,851 | $ | 358,853 | $ | (120,771 | ) | $ | 462,466 | ||||||||
| Cumulative gap | $ | (19,467 | ) | $ | 224,384 | $ | 583,237 | $ | 462,466 | $ | 462,466 | |||||||||
| Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets | (5.18 | )% | 29.28 | % | 48.19 | % | 27.06 | % | 27.06 | % |
| (1) | Loans classified as non-accrual as of December 31, 2023 are not included in the balances. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Securities based on amortized cost. |
Based on the
many factors and assumptions used in simulating the effect of changes in interest rates, the following table estimates the hypothetical
percentage change in net interest income at December 31, 2023 and at December 31, 2022 over the subsequent 12 months. We were
primarily liability sensitive at December 31, 2023 and at December 31, 2022. Compared to December 31, 2022, we increased our non-maturity
deposit interest rate betas in increasing rate environments, which increased our liability sensitivity. This was partially offset
by the previously mentioned $150.0 million Pay-Fixed Swap Agreement that we entered into effective May 5, 2023. As a result, our
modeling, at December 31, 2023, reflects a decrease in net interest income in a rising interest rate environment during the first
12-month period subsequent to interest rate changes. The negative impact of rising rates on net interest income is slightly less
liability sensitive during the second 12-month period subsequent to interest rate changes. In a declining interest rate environment,
the model reflects increases in net interest income in the down 100 basis point and down 200 basis point scenarios and declines
in net interest income in the down 300 basis point and 400 basis point scenarios during the first 12-month period subsequent to
interest rate changes. The positive impact in the down 100 and down 200 basis point scenarios of declining rates changes to a
fairly neutral impact on net interest income during the second 12-month period subsequent to interest rate changes. The increase
and decrease of 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points, respectively, reflected in the table below assume a simultaneous and parallel
change in interest rates along the entire yield curve.
60
Net Interest
Income Sensitivity
| Change in short-term interest rates | Hypothetical percentage change in net interest income | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| +400bp | -12.24 | % | -8.99 | % | ||||
| +300bp | -8.92 | % | -6.21 | % | ||||
| +200bp | -5.62 | % | -3.74 | % | ||||
| +100bp | -2.47 | % | -1.82 | % | ||||
| Flat | — | — | ||||||
| -100bp | +0.94 | % | +3.13 | % | ||||
| -200bp | +1.18 | % | +1.12 | % | ||||
| -300bp | -1.11 | % | -3.86 | % | ||||
| -400bp | -1.50 | % | -7.25 | % |
During the second
12-month period after 100 basis point, 200 basis point, 300 basis point, and 400 basis point simultaneous and parallel increases
in interest rates along the entire yield curve, our net interest income is projected to decline 1.94%, 4.67%, 7.63%, and 10.68%,
respectively, at December 31, 2023, and 3.44%, 6.13%, 8.23%, and 9.58%, respectively, at December 31, 2022. During the second
12-month period after 100 basis point, 200 basis point, 300 basis point, and 400 basis point simultaneous and parallel reduction
in interest rates along the entire yield curve, our net interest income is projected to increase 0.51% and decline 0.03%, 3.19%,
and 4.41%, respectively, at December 31, 2023, and to decline 4.92%, 12.86%, 21.14%, and 26.33%, respectively, at December 31,
2022.
We perform a valuation
analysis projecting future cash flows from assets and liabilities to determine the Present Value of Equity (“PVE”) over a
range of changes in market interest rates. The sensitivity of PVE to changes in interest rates is a measure of the sensitivity of earnings
over a longer time horizon. Policies have been established in an effort to maintain the maximum anticipated negative impact of these
modeled changes in PVE at no more than 15%, 20%, 25%, and 25%, respectively, in a 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis point change in market
interest rates. Based on PVE, we were primarily asset sensitive at December 31, 2023 and at December 31, 2022.
Present Value
of Equity Sensitivity
| Change in present value of equity | Hypothetical percentage change in PVE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| +400bp | -1.49 | % | +1.43 | % | ||||
| +300bp | +0.44 | % | +2.61 | % | ||||
| +200bp | +1.54 | % | +3.13 | % | ||||
| +100bp | +1.59 | % | +2.33 | % | ||||
| Flat | — | — | ||||||
| -100bp | -3.91 | % | -3.83 | % | ||||
| -200bp | -10.63 | % | -10.00 | % | ||||
| -300bp | -23.39 | % | -18.44 | % | ||||
| -400bp | -47.74 | % | -25.23 | % |
Provision
and Allowance for Credit Losses
Year Ended December 31, 2023 and
2022
On January
1, 2023, we adopted CECL, which resulted in a day one reduction of $14 thousand to the allowance for credit losses on loans
offset by increases of $398 thousand to the allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments and $43.5 thousand to the
allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity investments. Furthermore, deferred tax assets increased $90 thousand and retained
earnings declined $337 thousand. Refer to the “Application of New Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2023” section in
Note 2 for more information about our CECL adoption and methodology. Compared to the day one CECL results, the allowance for credit
losses on loans increased $945 thousand to $12.3 million at December 31, 2023 from $11.3 million at January 1, 2023; the allowance
for credit losses on unfunded commitments increased $199 thousand to $597 thousand as of December 31, 2023 from $398 thousand
as of January 1, 2023; and the allowance for credit losses on held-to-maturity investments declined $14 thousand to $30 thousand
at December 31, 2023 from $43.5 thousand at January 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the combined allowance for credit losses
for loans, unfunded commitments, and investments was $12.9 million compared to $11.8 million at January 1,
2023 and $11.3 million at December 31, 2022.
The allowance
for credit losses on loans as a percentage of total loans held-for-investment was 1.08% at December 31, 2023, 1.15% at January
1, 2023, and 1.16% at December 31, 2022.
61
The total ACL
is composed of three parts: the ACL for loans, the ACL for unfunded commitments, and the ACL for HTM investments. The ACL for
loans is further composed of the allowance for individually assessed loans, the allowance for collectively assessed expected losses,
the allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments, and the allowance for collectively assessed additional allowance.
The allowance for collectively assessed qualitative adjustments is calculated using a set of qualitative factors, which at December
31, 2023 included the following factors:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | changes in lending policies and procedures, |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | changes in staff, markets, and products, |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | change in total of 30-89 days past due and other loans especially mentioned, |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | changes in the loan review system, |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | change in collateral value for non-collateral dependent loans, |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | changes in concentration of credits, |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | changes in the legal or regulatory requirements and competition, |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | data limitations |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | model imprecision, and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | reasonable and supportable forecast alternative scenarios. |
Refer to the
“Application of New Accounting Guidance Adopted in 2023” section in Note 2 for more information about our CECL adoption
and methodology.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022,
approximately 91.7% and 91.2%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. When loans, whether commercial
or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income sources
sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a
secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and
we believe that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance
that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any point in time
or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The allowance is also subject
to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such factors as the methodology used to determine
adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies could require us to adjust
our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing
asset ratio was 0.05% of total assets with the nominal level of $864 thousand in non-performing assets at December 31, 2023 compared
to 0.35% and $5.8 million at December 31, 2022. Non-accrual loans declined to $27 thousand at December 31, 2023 from $4.9 million
at December 31, 2022. The declines in both non-performing assets and non-accrual loans from December 31, 2022 to December 31,
2023 were due to non-accrual loan payoffs and paydowns primarily due to the successful resolution of two customer relationships
with three non-accrual loans totaling $716 thousand, which were paid-off during the first quarter of 2023; and due to one large
loan relationship totaling $3.9 million, which was resolved during the second quarter of 2023. The resolution of the $3.9 million
loan relationship during the second quarter of 2023 occurred through the foreclosure process followed by the timely sale of the
real estate at a gain of $105 thousand. We had $215 thousand in accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2023 compared
to $2 thousand at December 31, 2022. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.06% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2023
compared to 0.06% at December 31, 2022. The ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 1.25%
of total bank regulatory risk-based capital at December 31, 2023 from 4.47% at December 31, 2022. During the twelve months ended
December 31, 2023, we experienced net loan recoveries of $55 thousand (charge-offs of $24 thousand less recoveries of $79 thousand)
and net overdraft charge-offs of $49 thousand (charge-offs of $63 thousand and recoveries of $14 thousand). In comparison, we
experienced net loan recoveries of $361 thousand and net overdraft charge-offs of $52 thousand during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022.
There were four loans
totaling $242 thousand (0.02% of total loans) included on non-performing status (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days and still
accruing) at December 31, 2023. Two of these loans were on non-accrual status. The largest loan of the two is $24 thousand and is secured
by a truck. The balance of the remaining loan on non-accrual status is $3 thousand and it is secured by a second mortgage lien. Furthermore,
we had $88 thousand in accruing trouble debt restructurings, or TDRs, at December 31, 2022. We had two loans totaling $215 thousand
that were accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023, we considered loan relationships exceeding
$500 thousand and on non-accrual status as individually assessed loans for the allowance for credit losses. At December 31, 2023, we
had no individually assessed loans. At December 31, 2022, we considered a loan impaired when, based on current information and events,
it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due, including both principal and interest, according to the contractual
terms of the loan agreement. Non-accrual loans and accruing TDRs were considered impaired. At December 31, 2022, we had 11 impaired loans
totaling $5.0 million. The specific allowance for individually assessed loans is based on the fair value of collateral method or present
value of expected cash flows method. For collateral dependent loans, the fair value of collateral method is used and the fair value is
determined by an independent appraisal less estimated selling costs. There was no specific allowance for credit losses on our individually
assessed loans at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2023, we had $498 thousand in loans that were delinquent 30
days to 89 days representing 0.04% of total loans compared to $564 thousand or 0.06% of total loans at December 31, 2022.
62
Year Ended December 31, 2022 and
2021
We accounted
for our allowance for loan losses under the incurred loss model during 2022 and 2021. At December 31, 2022, the allowance for
credit losses was $11.3 million, or 1.16% of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale), compared to $11.2 million, or 1.29%
of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2021. Excluding PPP loans and loans held-for-sale, the allowance
for credit losses was 1.16% of total loans at December 31, 2022 compared to 1.30% of total loans at December 31, 2021. The decline
in the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of total loans compared to December 31, 2021 is primarily related to a reduction
in the loss emergence period assumption in our COVID-19 qualitative factor, which was added to our allowance for credit losses
methodology during 2020 and is discussed below. The loss emergence assumption on our COVID-19 qualitative factor was reduced to
zero months at December 31, 2022 from 21 months at December 31, 2021. This reduction was partially offset by loan growth of $117.2
million; $309 thousand in net recoveries; an increase in our economic conditions qualitative factor by six basis points due to
higher inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, labor shortages in certain industries, and the war in Ukraine; an increase in our
change in staff qualitative factor by one basis point due to the addition of a new team and new market in York County, South Carolina
in March 2022; and an increase in our change in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual loans qualitative factor by two basis
points due to a $4.1 million loan being moved to non-accrual status in June 2022. This loan has a loan-to-value of 76.3% based
on an appraisal received in May 2022.
During 2020,
we added a qualitative factor for the COVID-19 pandemic to our allowance for credit losses methodology. This qualitative factor
was based on the dollar amount of our deferrals and a one-year loss emergence period based on the highest period of annual historical
loss rate since the Bank’s inception. As the pandemic worsened, we added our exposure to certain industry segments most
impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (hotels, restaurants, assisted living, and retail) to the COVID-19 qualitative factor and we
extended the loss emergence period to two years based on the highest two periods of annual historical loss rates since the Bank’s
inception. The loss emergence period assumption in the COVID-19 qualitative factor was reduced to zero months at December 31,
2022 from 21 months at December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the COVID-19 qualitative factor represented
zero dollars and $1.9 million, respectively, of our allowance for credit losses.
Loans that we
acquired in our acquisition of Cornerstone Bancorp, otherwise referred to herein as Cornerstone, in 2017 as well as in our acquisition
of Savannah River Financial Corp., otherwise referred to herein as Savannah River, in 2014 are accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30.
These acquired loans were initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred
over the life of the loans. The credit component on loans related to cash flows not expected to be collected is not subsequently
accreted (non-accretable difference) into interest income. Any remaining portion representing the excess of a loan’s or
pool’s cash flows expected to be collected over the fair value is accreted (accretable difference) into interest income.
At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the remaining credit component on loans attributable to acquired loans in the Cornerstone
and Savannah River transactions was $81 thousand and $130 thousand, respectively.
Our provision
for credit losses was a credit of $152 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to an expense of $335 thousand
during the same period in 2021. The reduction in provision for credit losses is primarily related to a decrease in our COVID-19
qualitative factor in our allowance for credit losses methodology and net recoveries during the twelve months of 2022, partially
offset by increases in our economic conditions, change in staff, and changes in past due, rated, and non-accrual loan qualitative
factors and loan growth as discussed above.
The allowance
for credit losses represents an amount that we believe will be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become
uncollectible. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based on assumptions about future events,
which we believe to be reasonable, but which may or may not prove to be accurate. Our determination of the allowance for credit
losses is based on evaluations of the collectability of loans, including consideration of factors such as the balance of impaired
loans, the quality, mix, and size of our overall loan portfolio, the knowledge and depth of lending personnel, economic conditions
(local and national) that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the amount and quality of collateral securing the
loans, our historical credit loss experience, and a review of specific problem loans. We also consider qualitative factors such
as changes in the lending policies and procedures, changes in the local or national economies, changes in volume or type of credits,
changes in volume/severity of problem loans, quality of loan review and board of director oversight, and concentrations of credit.
We charge recognized losses to the allowance and add subsequent recoveries back to the allowance for credit losses. There can
be no assurance that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any
point in time or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period.
63
We perform an
analysis quarterly to assess the risk within the loan portfolio. The portfolio is segregated into similar risk components for
which historical loss ratios are calculated and adjusted for identified changes in current portfolio characteristics. Historical
loss ratios are calculated by product type and by regulatory credit risk classification (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements). The annualized weighted average loss ratios over the last 36 months for loans classified as substandard, special
mention and pass have been approximately 0.00%, 0.07% and 0.00%, respectively. The allowance consists of an allocated and unallocated
allowance. The allocated portion is determined by types and ratings of loans within the portfolio. The unallocated portion of
the allowance is established for losses that exist in the remainder of the portfolio and compensates for uncertainty in estimating
the credit losses. The allocated portion of the allowance is based on historical loss experience as well as certain qualitative
factors as explained above. The qualitative factors have been established based on certain assumptions made as a result of the
current economic conditions and are adjusted as conditions change to be directionally consistent with these changes. The unallocated
portion of the allowance is composed of factors based on management’s evaluation of various conditions that are not directly
measured in the estimation of probable losses through the experience formula or specific allowances. The overall risk as measured
in our three-year lookback, both quantitatively and qualitatively, does not encompass a full economic cycle. Net charge-offs in
the 2009 to 2011 period averaged 63 basis points annualized in our loan portfolio. Over the most recent three-year period, our
net charge-offs have experienced a modest net recovery. We currently believe the unallocated portion of our allowance represents
potential risk associated throughout a full economic cycle.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021,
approximately 90.8% and 90.9%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. When loans, whether commercial
or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income sources
sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a
secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and
we believe that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance
that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for credit losses as estimated at any point in time
or that provisions for credit losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The allowance is also subject
to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such factors as the methodology used to determine
adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies could require us to adjust
our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing
asset ratio was 0.35% of total assets with the nominal level of $5.8 million in non-performing assets at December 31, 2022 compared
to 0.09% and $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. Non-accrual loans increased to $4.9 million at December 31, 2022 from $250 thousand
at December 31, 2021. The increases in both non-performing assets and non-accrual loans from December 31, 2021 to December 31,
2022 were due to one $4.1 million loan that was moved to non-accrual status in June 2022. This loan had a loan-to-value of 76.3%
at the time it was moved to non-accrual based on an appraisal received in May 2022. The balance of this loan is $4.0 million at
December 31, 2022. Furthermore, we had one customer relationship with two loans totaling $508 thousand, which was placed on non-accrual
during September 2022. This relationship had a loan-to-value of 42.5% at the time it was moved to non-accrual. The balance of
this relationship increased to $550 thousand at December 31, 2022 due to a loan advance to pay real estate taxes. We had $2 thousand
in accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2022 compared to zero at December 31, 2021. Loans past due 30 days
or more represented 0.06% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2022 compared to 0.03% at December 31, 2021. The ratio of
classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 4.47% of total bank regulatory risk-based capital at December 31,
2022 from 6.27% at December 31, 2021. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we experienced net loan recoveries of
$361 thousand and net overdraft charge-offs of $52 thousand.
There were 12
loans totaling $4.9 million (0.50% of total loans) included on non-performing status (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90
days and still accruing) at December 31, 2022. Ten of these loans totaling $4.9 million were on non-accrual status. The largest
loan included on non-accrual status is in the amount of $4.0 million and is secured by a first mortgage lien and had a loan-to-value
of 76.3% at the time it was moved to non-accrual based on an appraisal received in May 2022. The average balance of the remaining
nine loans on non-accrual status is approximately $104 thousand with a range between $1 and $406 thousand. Five of these loans
are secured by first mortgage liens, three loans are secured by second mortgage liens, and one is secured by equipment. Furthermore,
we had $88 thousand in accruing trouble debt restructurings, or TDRs, at December 31, 2022 compared to $1.4 million at December
31, 2021. This reduction was due to the payoff of one loan. We had two loans totaling $2 thousand that were accruing loans past
due 90 days or more at December 31, 2022. We consider a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable
that we will be unable to collect all amounts due, including both principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of
the loan agreement. Nonaccrual loans and accruing TDRs are considered impaired. At December 31, 2022, we had 11 impaired loans
totaling $5.0 million compared to ten impaired loans totaling $1.7 million at December 31, 2021. These loans were measured for
impairment under the fair value of collateral method or present value of expected cash flows method. For collateral dependent
loans, the fair value of collateral method is used and the fair value is determined by an independent appraisal less estimated
selling costs. There was no specific allowance for loan and lease losses on our impaired loans at December 31, 2022 and December
31, 2021. At December 31, 2022, we had ten loans totaling $565 thousand that were delinquent 30 days to 89 days representing 0.06%
of total loans compared to $235 thousand or 0.03% of total loans at December 31, 2021.
64
The following
table summarizes the activity related to our allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for Credit Losses
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average loans outstanding (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 1,044,983 | $ | 914,569 | $ | 871,551 | ||||||
| Loans outstanding at period end (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 1,134,019 | $ | 980,857 | $ | 863,702 | ||||||
| Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 27 | $ | 4,895 | $ | 250 | ||||||
| Loans past due 90 days and still accruing | $ | 215 | $ | 2 | $ | — | ||||||
| Beginning balance of allowance | $ | 11,336 | $ | 11,179 | $ | 10,389 | ||||||
| CECL Day 1 Adjustment | (14 | ) | ||||||||||
| Loans charged-off: | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgage | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | — | — | 110 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | — | 1 | — | |||||||||
| Commercial | 20 | — | — | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 67 | 67 | 72 | |||||||||
| Overdrafts | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Total loans charged-off | 87 | 68 | 182 | |||||||||
| Recoveries: | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgage | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | 2 | 5 | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | 9 | — | 10 | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | 37 | 326 | 473 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | 22 | 13 | 69 | |||||||||
| Commercial | 5 | 17 | 39 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 18 | 16 | 46 | |||||||||
| Total recoveries | 93 | 377 | 637 | |||||||||
| Net loans recovered (charged off) | 6 | 309 | 455 | |||||||||
| Provision for (release of) credit losses | 939 | (152 | ) | 335 | ||||||||
| Balance at period end | $ | 12,267 | $ | 11,336 | $ | 11,179 | ||||||
| Net charge -offs (recoveries) to average loans and loans held for sale | 0.00 | % | (0.03 | )% | (0.05 | )% | ||||||
| Allowance as percent of total loans | 1.08 | % | 1.16 | % | 1.29 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans as% of total loans | 0.02 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.03 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as% of non-performing loans | 5,069.01 | % | 194.41 | % | 4,471.60 | % | ||||||
| Nonaccrual loans as% of total loans | 0.00 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.03 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as % of nonaccrual loans | 45,433.33 | % | 231.58 | % | 4,471.60 | % |
65
The following
table details net charge-offs to average loans outstanding by loan category for the years ended December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 15 | $ | (17 | ) | $ | (39 | ) | ||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 76,315 | $ | 71,999 | $ | 98,301 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.02 | % | (0.02 | )% | (0.04 | )% | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | — | ||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 99,502 | $ | 91,258 | $ | 98,196 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.00 | % | (0.01 | )% | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Mortgage-residential | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | — | $ | (10 | ) | ||||
| Average loans for the year(1) | $ | 76,604 | $ | 49,278 | $ | 42,880 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans(1) | (0.01 | )% | 0.00 | % | (0.02 | )% | ||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (37 | ) | $ | (326 | ) | $ | (363 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 747,202 | $ | 662,044 | $ | 597,721 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.00 | % | (0.05 | )% | (0.06 | )% | ||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (22 | ) | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (69 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 30,884 | $ | 27,479 | $ | 26,399 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.07 | )% | (0.04 | )% | (0.26 | )% | ||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 49 | $ | 51 | $ | 26 | ||||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 14,476 | $ | 12,511 | $ | 8,054 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.34 | % | 0.41 | % | 0.32 | % | ||||||
| Total: | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (309 | ) | $ | (455 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year(1) | $ | 1,044,983 | $ | 914,569 | $ | 871,551 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans(1) | 0.00 | % | (0.03 | )% | (0.05 | )% |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Average loans exclude loans held for sale |
At December
31, 2022, loans acquired in the Cornerstone transaction are excluded from our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance as they
were measured at fair value at acquisition. The assumptions used in this evaluation included a credit component and an interest rate
component. These loans amounted to approximately $5.5 million at 2022.
Accrual
of interest is discontinued on loans when we believe, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts
that a borrower’s financial condition is such that the collection of interest is doubtful. A delinquent loan is generally
placed in nonaccrual status when it becomes 90 days or more past due. At the time a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest,
which has been accrued on the loan but remains unpaid, is reversed and deducted from earnings as a reduction of reported interest
income. No additional interest is accrued on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably
certain.
66
Non-interest Income and
Expense
Non-interest
Income. A significant source of noninterest income is service charges on deposit accounts. We also originate and sell residential
loans on a servicing released basis in the secondary market. These loans are originated in our name. The loans have locked in
price commitments to be purchased by investors at the time of closing. Therefore, these loans present very little market risk
for us. We typically deliver to, and receive funding from, the investor within 30 days. Other sources of noninterest income are
derived from investment advisory fees and commissions on non-deposit investment products, ATM/debit card fees, commissions on
check sales, safe deposit box rent, wire transfer, official check fees, rental income, and bank owned life insurance income.
Non-interest
income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 declined to $10.4 million from $11.6 million during the same period in
2022. The $1.1 million decline in non-interest income is primarily related to decreases in non-recurring non-interest income of
$866 thousand, and mortgage banking income of $494 thousand partially offset by increases in investment advisory fees and non-deposit
commissions of $32 thousand and other non-interest income of $177 thousand.
During
the third quarter of 2023, we sold $39.9 million of book value U.S. Treasuries in our available-for-sale investment securities
portfolio. While this sale created a one-time pre-tax loss of $1.2 million, it provided additional liquidity which is being used
to pay down borrowings and fund loan growth. The weighted average book yield of the securities sold was 1.75% and the projected
earn back period is 1.6 years. Such measures transition the balance sheet to be more efficient, improves net interest margin,
and positions us for higher earnings in the future.
Mortgage banking
income declined $494 thousand to $1.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $1.9 million during the same
period in 2022. Secondary mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $49.7 million compared to $65.8
million during the same period in 2022 while the gain on sale margin declined to 2.83% during the twelve months ended December
31, 2023 from 2.85% during the same period in 2022. The reduction in mortgage production was primarily due to a higher interest
rate environment and low levels of home inventories.
With the headwinds
of rising interest rates, we began to market an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) product during the second quarter of 2022 to provide
borrowers with an alternative to fixed-rate mortgages and to help offset anticipated mortgage production challenges. Currently,
we are offering 5/6, 7/6, and 10/6 ARM loans that are originated for our loans held-for-investment portfolio. Furthermore, we
added a new construction residential real estate team and product during the latter part of 2022. Total mortgage production during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $135.7 million, $49.7 million of the production was originated to be sold in the
secondary market, $32.5 million of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio,
and $53.5 million of the loan production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. As these ARM and
new construction residential real estate loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the result is
additive to loan growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest income
as mortgage banking income.
Investment advisory
fees increased $32 thousand to $4.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $4.5 million during the same
period in 2022. Total assets under management were $755.4 million at December 31, 2023 compared to $558.8 million at December
31, 2022. Our net new assets were $39.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Furthermore, our investment
performance for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was 28.2% compared to 24.2% for the S&P 500.
67
The $977 thousand
in non-recurring contra non-interest income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 includes the previously mentioned
loss on sale of securities of $1.2 million, gains on sale of other real estate owned of $151 thousand, a bank owned life insurance
claim of $93 thousand, and gains on insurance proceeds of $28 thousand. We recorded $111 thousand in other non-recurring
contra income related to a loss on sale of other real estate owned of $45 thousand, due to the sale of one other real estate owned
property, and a loss on sale of other assets of $73 thousand, due to the sale of one bank owned premise, partially offset by gains
on insurance proceeds of $7 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
Non-interest
income, other increased $177 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily
due to increases in ATM debit card income of $65 thousand and rental income of $48 thousand.
Non-interest
income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $11.6 million compared to $13.9 million during the same period in
2021. Deposit service charges declined $17 thousand to $960 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $977
thousand during the same period in 2021 primarily due to customer refunds related to the completion of a project to discontinue
multiple presentments on consumer returns and refund customers in a determined “lookback period” of two years. A total
of $39 thousand was refunded to 477 accounts ($24 thousand was refunded to 313 active accounts and $15 thousand was refunded to
164 closed accounts). Furthermore, effective July 1, 2022, we increased the NSF de minimis amount to $50 from $5 and reduced our
maximum fee per day to $140 from $210, each of which will impact our future aggregate deposit service charges. Mortgage banking
income declined by $2.4 million to $1.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $4.3 million during the
same period in 2021. Mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $88.6 million, $65.8 million of
the production was originated to be sold in the secondary market and $22.8 million of the production was originated as adjustable
rate mortgage (ARM) loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio, compared to $142.1 million, which was all produced to be
sold in the secondary market during the same period in 2021. The gain on sale margin decreased to 2.85% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2022 from 3.04% during the same period in 2021. The reduction in mortgage production was primarily due to a
higher interest rate environment and low housing inventory. With the headwinds of rising interest rates, we began to market an
ARM product during the second quarter of 2022 to provide borrowers with an alternative to fixed-rate mortgages and to help offset
anticipated mortgage production challenges. Currently, we are offering 5/1, 7/1, and 10/1 ARM loans that are originated for our
loans held-for-investment portfolio. As these ARM loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the
result is additive to loan growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest
income as mortgage banking income.
Investment advisory
fees increased $484 thousand to $4.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $4.0 million during the same
period in 2021. Total assets under management declined to $558.8 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $650.9 million at December
31, 2021. While revenue in our financial planning and investment management line of business increased during the twelve months
of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, assets under management (AUM) declined due to the stock market performance in the
twelve months of 2022. Our investment advisory fees trail changes in AUM. Management continues to focus on both the mortgage banking
income as well as the investment advisory fees and commissions. Gain (loss) on sale of other real estate owned was a loss of $45
thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to a gain of $77 thousand during the same period in 2021. The
$45 thousand loss was related to the sale of one other real estate owned property during the twelve months ended December 31,
2022. Gain (loss) on sale of other assets was a loss of $73 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared
to a gain of $117 thousand during the same period in 2021. The $73 thousand loss in 2022 was related to the sale of one bank owned
premise during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The $117 thousand gain in 2021 was related to a $104 thousand gain on
sale of bank premise held-for-sale and a $13 thousand gain on the sale of bank owned land during the twelve months ended December
31, 2021. Other non-recurring income declined $164 thousand to $7 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from
$171 thousand during the same period in 2021. The reduction in other non-recurring income was related to the collection of $147
thousand in summary judgments related to two loans charged off at a bank, which we subsequently acquired and $24 thousand in gains
on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. We recorded $7 thousand in other non-recurring income
related to gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
68
Non-interest
income, other increased $93 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 primarily
due to increases in ATM/debit card income of $37 thousand, recurring income on bank owned life insurance of $28 thousand, rental
income of $11 thousand, wire transfer fees of $14 thousand, and bankcard fees of $14 thousand partially offset by lower customer
check sales of $19 thousand.
The following
table sets forth for the periods indicated the primary components of noninterest income:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Deposit service charges | 963 | 960 | 977 | ||||||||
| Mortgage banking income | 1,406 | 1,900 | 4,319 | ||||||||
| Investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions | 4,511 | 4,479 | 3,995 | ||||||||
| Loss on sale of securities | (1,249 | ) | — | — | |||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of other real estate owned | 151 | (45 | ) | 77 | |||||||
| Gain on sale of other assets | — | (73 | ) | 117 | |||||||
| Other non-recurring income | 121 | 7 | 171 | ||||||||
| ATM debit card income | 2,771 | 2,706 | 2,669 | ||||||||
| Recurring income on bank owned life insurance | 745 | 721 | 693 | ||||||||
| Rental income | 370 | 322 | 311 | ||||||||
| Other service fees including safe deposit box fees | 230 | 251 | 243 | ||||||||
| Wire transfer fees | 119 | 132 | 118 | ||||||||
| Other | 283 | 209 | 214 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 10,421 | $ | 11,569 | $ | 13,904 |
Non-interest
Expense. In the very competitive financial services industry, we recognize the need to place a great deal of emphasis on expense
management and continually evaluate and monitor growth in discretionary expense categories in order to control future increases.
Non-interest
expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 increased to $43.1 million from $41.3 million during the same period
in 2022. The $1.9 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits of $507 thousand,
occupancy expense of $155 thousand, equipment expense of $223 thousand, marketing and public relations of $237 thousand, FDIC
assessment of $223 thousand, and other expense of $753 thousand partially offset by lower other real estate expense of $420 thousand.
| · | Salary and benefit expense increased $507 thousand to $25.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $25.4 million during the same period in 2022. This increase is primarily a result of normal salary adjustments, the addition of six employees in our York County, South Carolina office in 2022, the addition of new mortgage lenders during the third quarter of 2022, and increased compensation levels for banking office employees implemented at the beginning of the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by lower mortgage banking commissions and annual incentive compensation. We had 268 full-time employees, 14 part-time employees, and five seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2023 compared to 254 full-time employees, seven part-time employees, and eight seasonal/on-call employees at December 31, 2022. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | Occupancy expense increased $155 thousand to $3.2 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $3.0 million during the same period in 2022 primarily related to the opening of our York County, South Carolina office in 2022, the expansion of our Southlake operations and support location in Lexington, South Carolina, and higher maintenance expense partially offset by lower janitorial expense. | |
| · | Equipment expense increased $223 thousand to $1.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $1.3 million during the same period in 2022 primarily due to higher equipment maintenance and repair, equipment depreciation, and auto expense. |
69
| · | Marketing and public relations increased $237 thousand to $1.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 from $1.3 million during the same period in 2022 primarily due to media production and campaigns. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | FDIC assessments increased $436 thousand to $904 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $468 thousand during the same period in 2022 due to an increase in our FDIC assessment rate. | |
| · | Other real estate expenses declined $420 thousand to $112 thousand in contra expenses or credits during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $308 thousand in expenses during the same period in 2022 primarily due to a reversal in accruals for real estate taxes on a non-accrual loan, which were either paid by the borrower or recovered as a result of the sale of the real estate. | |
| · | Other expense increased $753 thousand to $10.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $9.4 million during the same period in 2022, which included |
| o | Computer service expense, which includes core banking and electronic processing and services, ATM/debit card processing, software subscriptions and services and wire processing fees, increased $344 thousand primarily due to higher customer activity and enhanced technology solutions. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Debit card and fraud losses increased $137 thousand due to an extraordinary spike in mail check fraud losses during the third quarter of 2023. We believe this spike, with over three times the normal customer-reported incidences, is directly related to confirmed local mail thefts within our markets, as well as fraudsters targeting smaller counterfeit check amounts to avoid early detection. Our current case volumes, as reported by customers, suggest that the spike has abated. However, because fraud risk is ever evolving, we have responded with countermeasures including deploying additional resources, and conducting a formal customer education marketing campaign called “THINK TWICE”, which requests customers who have been a victim of fraud to enhance their check authorization processes and upgrade to our current fraud detection system. | |
| o | Telephone expense increased $131 thousand primarily due to a change in our telecommunications vendor, which resulted in paying two vendors for a period of time. | |
| o | Director fees increased $113 thousand primarily due to an increase in director compensation, which includes an increase in director stock awards. | |
| o | Loan processing and closing costs increased $65 thousand due to an increase in loans. | |
| o | Correspondent services increased $51 thousand. | |
| o | Legal and professional fees declined $135 thousand primarily due to lower legal expense. | |
| o | Investment advisory services declined $80 thousand. |
Non-interest
expense increased $2.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 to $41.3 million compared to $39.2 million during
the same period in 2021. The $2.1 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee
benefits expense of $863 thousand, increased occupancy expense of $55 thousand, increased equipment expense of $47 thousand, increased
marketing and public relations expense of $86 thousand, increased legal and professional fees of $299 thousand, increased ATM/debit
card and data processing expense of $428 thousand, increased other real estate expense including other real estate write-downs
of $203 thousand, increased fraud expense of $106 thousand, increased travel, meals, and entertainment expense of $103 thousand,
and increased postage / courier expense of $118 thousand partially offset by lower FDIC assessments of $150 thousand, lower amortization
of intangibles of $43 thousand, and lower loan processing costs of $63 thousand.
| · | Salary and benefit expense increased $863 thousand to $25.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $24.5 million during the same period in 2021. This increase is primarily a result of normal salary adjustments, financial planning and investment advisory commissions, the addition of six employees in our York County, South Carolina office, which opened as a loan production office on March 14, 2022 and converted to a full service branch on October 20, 2022, the addition of new mortgage lenders in the third quarter of 2022, and increased compensation levels for banking officer employees implemented at the beginning of the third quarter of 2022 partially offset by lower mortgage commissions and open positions. We had 254 full-time employees at December 31, 2022 compared to 250 at December 31, 2021. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | Occupancy expense increased $55 thousand to $3.0 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $2.9 million during the same period in 2021 primarily related to major maintenance projects and our loan production office in York County, South Carolina (which converted to a full service branch on October 20, 2022) partially offset by lower janitorial services expense and lower bank premises taxes due to the sale of one bank owned property in 2022 and two bank owned properties in 2021. | |
| · | Equipment expense increased $47 thousand to $1.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1.3 million during the same period in 2021 primarily due to increases in auto expense and ATM and security monitoring service agreements. |
70
| · | Marketing and public relations expense increased $86 thousand to $1.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1.2 million during the same period in 2021 due to larger media schedules including activity in our new York County, South Carolina market. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | FDIC assessments declined $150 thousand to $468 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $618 thousand during the same period in 2021 due to a reduction in our FDIC assessment rate. | |
| · | Other real estate expenses increased $203 thousand to $308 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $105 thousand during the same period in 2021 due to the accrual of $210 thousand in 2022 real estate taxes on one non-accrual loan and $69 thousand in write-downs on two other real estate owned properties during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $50 thousand in write-downs during the same period in 2021. | |
| · | Amortization of intangibles declined $43 thousand to $158 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $201 thousand during the same period in 2021. | |
| · | Other expense increased $991 thousand to $9.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $8.4 million during the same period in 2021. |
| o | ATM/debit card and data processing expense increased $428 thousand primarily due to higher ATM debit card customer activity, core processing system expenses, and enhanced technology solutions. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Fraud expense increased $106 thousand primarily related to an isolated fraud incident. | |
| o | Travel, meals, and entertainment increased $103 thousand due to more in-person meetings from eased COVID-19 restrictions. | |
| o | Postage and courier expense increased $118 thousand partially due to higher fuel costs. | |
| o | Legal and professional fees increased $299 thousand primarily due to higher legal, professional, recruiting, and consulting fees. | |
| o | Loan processing and closing costs/fees declined $63 thousand primarily due to lower mortgage loan processing costs. |
The following
table sets forth for the periods indicated the primary components of noninterest expense:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 25,864 | $ | 25,357 | $ | 24,494 | |||||
| Occupancy | 3,157 | 3,002 | 2,947 | ||||||||
| Equipment | 1,566 | 1,343 | 1,296 | ||||||||
| Marketing and public relations | 1,496 | 1,259 | 1,173 | ||||||||
| FDIC Insurance assessments | 904 | 468 | 618 | ||||||||
| Other real estate expense | (112 | ) | 308 | 105 | |||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 158 | 158 | 201 | ||||||||
| Core banking and electronic processing and services | 2,512 | 2,469 | 2,397 | ||||||||
| ATM/debit card processing | 1,074 | 885 | 694 | ||||||||
| Software subscriptions and services | 1,008 | 896 | 733 | ||||||||
| Supplies | 134 | 134 | 116 | ||||||||
| Telephone | 485 | 354 | 365 | ||||||||
| Courier | 284 | 279 | 181 | ||||||||
| Correspondent services | 354 | 303 | 280 | ||||||||
| Insurance | 381 | 358 | 325 | ||||||||
| Debit card and Fraud losses | 422 | 285 | 160 | ||||||||
| Investment advisory services | 329 | 409 | 420 | ||||||||
| Loan processing and closing costs | 331 | 266 | 329 | ||||||||
| Director fees | 601 | 488 | 500 | ||||||||
| Legal and Professional fees | 1,042 | 1,177 | 878 | ||||||||
| Shareholder expense | 197 | 221 | 212 | ||||||||
| Other | 957 | 834 | 777 | ||||||||
| $ | 43,144 | $ | 41,253 | $ | 39,201 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| * | Core banking and electronic processing and services includes core processing, bill payment, online banking, remote deposit capture, wire processing services and postage costs for mailing customer notices and statements. |
71
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax
expense for 2023 was $3.2 million as compared to income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 of $3.8 million and $4.2
million for the year ended December 31, 2021 (see Note 14 “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for additional information). We recognize deferred tax assets for future deductible amounts resulting from differences in the
financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and operating loss carry forwards. The deferred tax assets are established
based on the amounts expected to be paid/recovered at existing tax rates. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the deferred
tax asset to the level that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will be realized. Our effective tax rate was 21.3%
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to 20.6% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and compared
to 21.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The effective tax rates were affected by a $122 thousand non-recurring
reduction to income tax during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and by a $153 thousand non-recurring reduction to income
tax expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. As a result of our current level of tax-exempt securities in our
investment portfolio and our BOLI holdings, assuming the current corporate rate remains unchanged, our effective tax rate is expected
to be approximately 21.75% to 22.25%.
Financial Position
Assets increased
$154.7 million, or 9.2%, to $1.8 billion at December 31, 2023 from $1.7 billion at December 31, 2022. The $154.7 million increase
in assets was primarily due to loans (excluding loans held-for-sale), which increased $153.2 million, or 15.6%, to $1.1 billion
at December 31, 2023 from $980.9 million at December 31, 2022.
Earning Assets
Loans and loans held-for-sale
Loans held-for-sale
increased to $4.4 million at December 31, 2023 from $1.8 million at December 31, 2022. Loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) increased
$153.2 million, or 15.6%, to $1.1 billion at December 31, 2023 from $980.9 million at December 31, 2022. Total loan production,
excluding mortgage secondary market and new construction residential real estate, was $198.8 million during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2023 compared to $280.1 million during the same period in 2022. Advances from unfunded commercial construction
loans available for draws were $100.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Total mortgage production during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 was $135.7 million, $49.7 million of the production was originated to be sold in the
secondary market, $32.5 million of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio,
and $53.5 million of the loan production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. Total mortgage production
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $107.2 million, $65.8 million of the production was originated to be sold
in the secondary market, $22.8 million of the loan production was originated as ARM loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio,
and $18.6 million of the loan production was commitments for new construction residential real estate loans. As these ARM and
new construction residential real estate loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the result is
additive to loan growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest income
as mortgage banking income. The increase in mortgage production was primarily due to higher ARM and construction residential real
estate loan production partially offset by lower secondary market production. Payoffs and paydowns declined to $87.0 million during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 compared to $177.1 million during the same period in 2022. The loan-to-deposit ratio
(including loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 75.3% and 70.9%, respectively. The loan-to-deposit
ratio (excluding loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was 75.1% and 70.8%, respectively.
One of our goals
as a community bank has been, and continues to be, to grow our assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to small
and mid-size businesses and individuals within the markets we serve. We remain committed to meeting the credit needs of our local
markets. Based on the Bank’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023, its non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans
and its construction and land development loans were approximately 313% and 74% of total risk-based capital, respectively. Furthermore,
our three-year growth in non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans was 47% from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2023.
We have expertise and a long history in originating and managing commercial real estate loans. We have a strong credit underwriting
process, which includes management and board oversight. We perform rigorous monitoring, stress testing, and reporting of these
portfolios at the management and board levels, and we continue to monitor the level of the concentration in commercial real estate
loans within the Bank’s loan portfolio monthly.
Loans typically
provide higher yields than the other types of earning assets. During 2023 and 2022, loans accounted for 64.2% and 59.7% of average
earning assets, respectively. The loan portfolio (including held-for-sale) averaged $1.0 billion in 2023 as compared to $920.4
million in 2022. Quality loan portfolio growth continued to be a strategic focus of ours in 2023. However, with the higher loan
yields, there are inherent credit and liquidity risks, which we attempt to control and counterbalance. One of our goals as a community
bank continues to be to grow our assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to small and mid-size businesses, as well
as individuals within the markets we serve. We remain committed to meeting the credit needs of our local markets, but adverse
national and local economic conditions, as well as deterioration of our asset quality, could significantly impact our ability
to grow our loan portfolio. Significant increases in regulatory capital expectations beyond the traditional “well capitalized”
ratios and significantly increased regulatory burdens could impede our ability to leverage our balance sheet and expand the loan
portfolio.
72
The following
table shows the composition of the loan portfolio by category:
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial, financial & agricultural | $ | 78,134 | $ | 72,409 | $ | 69,952 | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | 118,225 | 91,223 | 94,969 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—residential | 94,796 | 65,759 | 45,498 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—commercial | 791,947 | 709,218 | 617,464 | |||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home equity | 34,752 | 28,723 | 27,116 | |||||||||
| Other | 16,165 | 13,525 | 8,703 | |||||||||
| Total gross loans | $ | 1,134,019 | $ | 980,857 | $ | 863,702 | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | (12,267 | ) | (11,336 | ) | (11,179 | ) | ||||||
| Total net loans | $ | 1,121,752 | $ | 969,521 | $ | 852,523 |
In the
context of this discussion, a real estate mortgage loan is defined as any loan, other than loans for construction purposes, secured
by real estate, regardless of the purpose of the loan. We follow the common practice of financial institutions in our market area
of obtaining a security interest in real estate whenever possible, in addition to any other available collateral. This collateral
is taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment of the loan and tends to increase the magnitude of the real estate
loan components. Generally, we limit the loan-to-value ratio to 80%. The principal components of our loan portfolio at December
31, 2023 and 2022 were commercial mortgage loans in the amount of $791.9 million and $709.2 million, respectively, representing
69.8% and 72.3% of the portfolio, respectively, excluding loans held for sale. Significant portions of these commercial mortgage
loans are made to finance owner-occupied real estate. We continue to maintain a conservative philosophy regarding our underwriting
guidelines, and believe we will reduce the risk elements of the loan portfolio through strategies that diversify the lending mix.
The repayment
of loans in the loan portfolio as they mature is a source of liquidity. The following table sets forth the loans maturing within
specified intervals at December 31, 2023.
Loan Maturity Schedule
and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | One Year or Less | Over One Year Through Five Years | Over Five Years Through Fifteen years | Over Fifteen Years | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 9,626 | $ | 45,046 | $ | 23,462 | $ | — | $ | 78,134 | |||||||||
| Real estate: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Construction(1) | 28,735 | 51,257 | 38,233 | — | 118,225 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-residential | 3,316 | 17,726 | 2,892 | 70,862 | 94,796 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | 54,671 | 466,876 | 269,069 | 1,331 | 791,947 | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 1,940 | 6,475 | 26,337 | — | 34,752 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 2,819 | 12,367 | 573 | 406 | 16,165 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 101,107 | $ | 599,747 | $ | 360,566 | $ | 72,599 | $ | 1,134,019 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Included in construction loans are construction-to-permanent loans that will move to their permanent loan category upon completion of the construction phase. |
Loans
maturing after one year with:
| Variable Rate | $ | 116,761 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Rate | 916,151 | ||
| $ | 1,032,912 |
The information
presented in the above table is based on the contractual maturities of the individual loans, including loans which may be subject
to renewal at their contractual maturity. Renewal of such loans is subject to review and credit approval, as well as modification
of terms upon their maturity.
73
Investment
Securities
Our investment
securities portfolio is a significant component of our total earning assets. Investment securities declined $58.6 million to $506.2
million, net of allowance for credit losses on investments of $30 thousand, at December 31, 2023 from $564.8 million, net of
allowance for credit losses on investments of zero, at December 31, 2022. The $58.6 million decline was primarily related to the
previously mentioned sale of $39.9 million of book value US Treasuries in our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio
and normal principal cash flows. Our investment securities portfolio averaged $541.1 million in 2023, as compared to $570.6 million
in 2022, which represents 33.2% and 37.0% of the average earning assets for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
On June 1, 2022,
we reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred
at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized
net holding loss on the available-for-sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued
to be reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest
income over the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of
this transfer. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $14.0 million ($11.1 million net of tax)
at December 31, 2023. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $15.7 million ($12.4 million net
of tax) at December 31, 2022. Our HTM investments totaled $217.2 million and represented approximately 43% of our total investments
at December 31, 2023. Our AFS investments totaled $282.2 million or approximately 56% of our total investments at December 31,
2023. Our investments at cost totaled $6.8 million or approximately 1% of our total investments at December 31, 2023. The
unrealized losses on our investment securities are related to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary negative
impact on the fair value of our investment securities portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is
included in shareholders’ equity.
At December
31, 2023, the estimated weighted average life of our total investment portfolio was 6.26 years, the modified duration was 4.8,
the effective duration was 3.9, and the weighted average tax equivalent book yield was 3.86%. At December 31, 2022, the estimated
weighted average life of our investment portfolio was 6.41 years, the modified duration was 4.32, and the weighted average tax
equivalent book yield was 3.33%.
We held no debt
securities rated below investment grade at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
The following
table shows the Available-for Sale investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Securities available-for-sale at fair value: | |||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | 18,346 | $ | 55,982 | $ | 15,436 | |||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | 2,129 | 2,074 | 2,501 | ||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | 15,721 | 21,088 | 31,273 | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 238,159 | 244,599 | 397,729 | ||||||||
| State and local government | — | — | 109,848 | ||||||||
| Corporate and Other Securities | 7,871 | 8,118 | 8,052 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 282,226 | $ | 331,861 | $ | 564,839 |
The following
table shows the Held-to-Maturity investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Securities held-to-maturity at fair value: | |||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 104,250 | $ | 113,116 | $ | — | |||||
| Corporate and Other Securities | 101,268 | 100,497 | — | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 205,518 | $ | 213,613 | $ | — |
74
We hold other
investments carried at cost totaling $6.8 million and $4.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Other investments,
at cost, include Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock in the amount of $5.4 million, corporate stock in the amount
of $1.0 million, and a venture capital fund in the amount of $354.1 thousand at December 31, 2023. The Company held FHLB stock
in the amount of $2.9 million, corporate stock in the amount of $1.0 million, and a venture capital fund in the amount of $274.2
thousand at December 31, 2022. These are equity securities without readily determinable fair values. Investment in the FHLB of
Atlanta is a condition of borrowing from the FHLB Atlanta. FHLB stock is carried at cost, and periodically evaluated for impairment
based on an assessment of the ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as interest income. Dividends
received on other investments, at cost are reported as interest income.
Investment
Securities Maturity Distribution and Yields
The following
table shows, at amortized cost, the expected maturities and weighted average yield, which is calculated using amortized cost as
the weight and tax-equivalent book yield, of securities held at December 31, 2023:
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After One But | After Five But | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Within One Year | Within Five Years | Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | 4,998 | 1.02 | % | $ | 995 | 0.74 | % | $ | 14,798 | 1.24 | % | $ | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | — | — | $ | — | — | 2,500 | 2.00 | % | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | $ | 2 | 5.99 | % | 2,944 | 6.57 | % | 6,975 | 4.70 | % | 6,187 | 5.59 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 3 | 3.61 | % | 3,732 | 4.08 | % | 8,451 | 4.26 | % | 243,571 | 4.38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other securities | — | — | 1,988 | 7.49 | % | 6,758 | 3.76 | % | 13 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 5,003 | 1.02 | % | $ | 9,658 | 5.29 | % | $ | 39,482 | 2.98 | % | $ | 249,772 | 4.41 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| After One But | After Five But | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Within One Year | Within Five Years | Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held-to-Maturity: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 809 | 2.22 | % | $ | 28,123 | 3.19 | % | $ | 26,878 | 3.36 | % | $ | 56,930 | 3.47 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| State and local government | — | — | 14,728 | 3.12 | % | 42,117 | 3.39 | % | 47,614 | 3.27 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities held-to-maturity | $ | 809 | 2.22 | % | $ | 42,851 | 3.17 | % | $ | 68,995 | 3.39 | % | $ | 104,544 | 3.38 | % |
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments,
which consist of federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and interest bearing deposits, averaged $42.9
million in 2023, as compared to $50.5 million in 2022. The decline in short-term investments in 2023 is primarily due to loan
growth exceeding deposit growth, which resulted in short-term investments used to fund loan growth. We maintain the majority of
our short-term overnight investments in our account at the Federal Reserve rather than in federal funds at various correspondent
banks due to the lower regulatory capital risk weighting. These funds are an immediate source of liquidity and are generally invested
in an earning capacity on an overnight basis. Other short-term investments, including funds on deposit at the Federal Reserve,
increased $53.9 million to $66.8 million at December 31, 2023 from $12.9 million at December 31, 2022 due to the previously mentioned
sale of investment securities, the issuance of $48.1 million in brokered certificates of deposits, and higher borrowings during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. This additional liquidity will be used to fund loan growth and or reduce borrowings.
Deposits and Other Interest-Bearing
Liabilities
Deposits.
Deposits increased $125.6 million, or 9.1%, to $1.5 billion at December 31, 2023 compared to $1.4 billion at December 31,
2022. Our pure deposits, which are defined as total deposits less certificates of deposits, increased $4.7 million, or 0.4%, to
$1.3 billion at December 31, 2023 from $1.3 billion at December 31, 2022. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits as
a percentage of total deposits in order to better manage our overall cost of funds. Average deposits were $1.4 billion during
2023 compared to $1.4 billion in 2022. Average non-interest bearing deposits were $450.2 million in 2023 compared to $469.3 million
in 2022. Average interest-bearing deposits were $980.8 million in 2023 compared to $948.3 million in 2022. Certificates of deposits
increased $97.7 million to $202.5 million at December 31, 2023 from $104.9 million at December 31, 2022. To secure a cost-effective
stable funding source, during the third quarter of 2023, we issued $48.2 million in brokered certificates of deposit ranging in
terms from six months to three years, with the three year term callable after six months. We began using brokered deposits during
the third quarter of 2023 to optimize our funding blend, as such, we had $48.1 million and zero dollars in brokered deposits at
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Total uninsured deposits were $436.6 million and $407.0 million at
December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Included in uninsured deposits at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022
were $82.8 million and $59.5 million of deposits of states or political subdivisions in the U.S., which are secured or collateralized,
respectively. Total uninsured deposits, excluding these deposits that are secured or collateralized, totaled $353.8 million, or
23.4%, of total deposits at December 31, 2023 and $347.5 million, or 25.1%, of total deposits at December 31, 2022. The average
balance of all customer deposit accounts at December 31, 2023 was $27,843. The average balance for consumer accounts was $14,995
and the average balance for non-consumer accounts was $61,570.
75
The following
table sets forth the deposits by category:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Amount | % of Deposits | Amount | % of Deposits | Amount | % of Deposits | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposit accounts | $ | 432,333 | 28.6 | % | $ | 461,010 | 33.3 | % | $ | 444,688 | 32.7 | % | ||||||||||||
| Interest bearing checking accounts | 302,935 | 20.0 | % | 334,540 | 24.1 | % | 331,638 | 24.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 404,499 | 26.8 | % | 295,223 | 21.3 | % | 287,419 | 21.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 118,623 | 7.9 | % | 161,770 | 11.7 | % | 143,765 | 10.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits less than $100,000 | 128,977 | 8.5 | % | 66,410 | 4.8 | % | 74,489 | 5.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits more than $100,000 | 123,634 | 8.2 | % | 66,429 | 4.8 | % | 79,292 | 5.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | $ | 1,511,001 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,385,382 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,361,291 | 100.0 | % |
Large certificate
of deposit customers, whom we identify as those of $100 thousand or more, tend to be extremely sensitive to interest rate levels,
making these deposits less reliable sources of funding for liquidity planning purposes than core deposits. Core deposits, which
exclude time deposits of $100 thousand or more, provide a relatively stable funding source for the loan portfolio and other earning
assets. Core deposits were $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Time deposits greater than
$250 thousand, the FDIC deposit insurance coverage limit, amounted to $17.1 million and $25.0 million at December 31, 2023 and
December 31, 2022, respectively.
A stable
base of deposits is expected to continue to be the primary source of funding to meet both our short-term and long-term liquidity
needs in the future. The maturity distribution of time deposits is shown in the following table.
Maturities
of Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposit of $250,000 or More
At December
31, 2023, time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit were as follows:
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Time deposits of $250,000 or more | $ | 2,470 | $ | 3,388 | $ | 10,858 | $ | 412 | $ | 17,128 |
Borrowed funds.
Borrowed funds consist of fed funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances and long-term
debt. Our long-term debt is a result of issuing $15.0 million in trust preferred securities. Short-term borrowings in the form
of securities sold under agreements to repurchase averaged $74.6 million, $74.8 million, and $62.2 million during 2023, 2022,
and 2021, respectively. The average rates paid during these periods were 2.22%, 0.30%, and 0.14%, respectively. The balances of
securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $62.9 million and $68.7 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022,
respectively. The repurchase agreements all mature within one to four days and are generally originated with customers that have
other relationships with us and tend to provide a stable and predictable source of funding. Federal funds purchased averaged $1.1
million, $1.5 million, and zero during 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The average rates paid during these periods were 4.73%,
3.54%, and zero, respectively. The balances of federal funds purchased were zero and $22.0 million at December 31, 2023 and December
31, 2022, respectively. As a member of the FHLB, the Bank has access to advances from the FHLB for various terms and amounts.
FHLB advances averaged $86.6 million, $9.5 million, and zero during 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. The average rates paid
during these periods were 5.02%, 3.91%, and zero, respectively. The balances of FHLB advances were $90.0 million and $50.0 million
at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The $90.0 million
in FHLB advances at December 31, 2023 had maturity dates between March 13, 2024, and November 3, 2026 with interest rates between
4.81% and 5.26%.
76
We issued
$15.5 million in trust preferred securities on September 16, 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2015, we redeemed $500 thousand
of these securities. Until the cessation of LIBOR on June 30, 2023, the securities accrued and paid distributions quarterly at
a rate of three month LIBOR plus 257 basis points, thereafter, such distributions to be paid quarterly transitioned to an adjusted
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) index in accordance with the Federal Reserve’s final rule implementing the Adjustable
Interest Rate Act. The remaining debt may be redeemed in full anytime with notice and matures on September 16, 2034. Trust preferred
securities averaged $15.0 million during 2023, 2022, and 2021. The average rates paid during these periods were 7.93%, 4.51%,
and 2.78%, respectively. The balances of trust preferred securities were $15.0 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31,
2022.
At December
31, 2023 and 2022, FHLB advance maturities were as follows:
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | $ | 30,000 | $ | 10,000 | $ | 50,000 | $ | — | $ | 90,000 | |||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | $ | 50,000 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 50,000 |
The $90 million
in FHLB advances at December 31, 2023 had maturity dates between March 13, 2024 and December 9, 2023 with interest rates between
4.83% and 5.25%. The $50 million in FHLB advances at December 31, 2022 had maturity dates between January 17, 2023 and March 7,
2023 with interest rates between 4.15% and 4.63%.
Capital
Adequacy and Dividend Policy
Capital
Adequacy
Total shareholders’
equity increased $12.7 million, or 10.7%, to $131.1 million at December 31, 2023 from $118.4 million at December 31, 2022. Shareholders’
equity increased to 7.2% of total assets at December 31, 2023 from 7.1% at December 31, 2022 due to total asset growth of $154.7
million, or 9.2%, compared to total shareholders’ equity growth of $12.7 million, or 10.7%. The growth in assets was due
to increases of $153.2 million in loans held-for-investment, $53.9 million in interest-bearing bank balances primarily held at
the Federal Reserve and $2.7 million in loans held-for-sale partially offset by a decline of $58.6 million in investment securities.
The $12.7 million increase in shareholders’ equity was due to a $7.6 million increase in retention of earnings resulting
from $11.8 million in net income less $4.2 million in dividends; a $796 thousand increase due to employee and director stock awards;
a $438 thousand increase due to our dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP); and a $4.2 million improvement in accumulated other comprehensive
loss partially offset by a $300 thousand adjustment related to the implementation of CECL on January 1, 2023. The increase in
accumulated other comprehensive loss was due to a decline in market interest rates, which affects the fair value of our investment
securities portfolio and accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, which is included in shareholders’ equity.
On April 20,
2022, we announced that our board of directors approved the repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2022
Repurchase Plan”), which represented approximately 5% of our 7,606,172 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023. No repurchases
were made under the 2022 Repurchase Plan prior to its expiration at the market close on December 31, 2023.
During each quarter
in 2022, we paid a $0.13 per share dividend on our common stock. During each quarter in 2023, we paid an $0.14 per share dividend
on our common stock. On January 24, 2024, we announced a $0.14 per share dividend payable on February 20, 2024 to shareholders
of record of our common stock on February 6, 2024.
In addition,
we have a dividend reinvestment plan that allows existing shareholders the option of reinvesting cash dividends as well as making
optional purchases of up to $5,000 in the purchase of common stock per quarter.
77
The following
table shows the return on average assets (net income divided by average total assets), return on average equity (net income divided
by average equity), and equity to assets ratio for the three years ended December 31, 2023.
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on average assets | 0.68 | % | 0.88 | % | 1.02 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity | 9.59 | % | 11.99 | % | 11.22 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets ratio | 7.17 | % | 7.08 | % | 8.90 | % | ||||||
| Dividend Payout Ratio | 35.76 | % | 26.78 | % | 23.24 | % |
While the Company
is currently a small bank holding company and so generally is not subject to Basel III capital requirements, our Bank remains
subject to such capital requirements. See “Supervision and Regulation—Basel Capital Standards” for additional
information on Basel III and the Dodd-Frank Act.
The Bank
exceeded the regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2023 and 2022, as set forth in the following table:
| (In thousands) | Required Amount | % | Actual Amount | % | Excess Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Bank(1)(2): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 73,696 | 6.0 | % | $ | 153,859 | 12.5 | % | $ | 80,163 | 6.5 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 98,261 | 8.0 | % | 166,752 | 13.6 | % | 68,491 | 5.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 55,272 | 4.5 | % | 153,859 | 12.5 | % | 98,587 | 8.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 72,830 | 4.0 | % | 153,859 | 8.5 | % | 81,029 | 4.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 64,741 | 6.0 | % | $ | 145,578 | 13.5 | % | $ | 80,837 | 7.5 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 86,321 | 8.0 | % | 156,914 | 14.5 | % | 70,593 | 6.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 48,555 | 4.5 | % | 145,578 | 13.5 | % | 97,023 | 9.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 67,509 | 4.0 | % | 145,578 | 8.6 | % | 78,069 | 4.6 | % |
| (1) | As a small bank holding company, the Company is generally not subject to Basel III capital requirements unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Required Amounts and Required Ratios do not include the capital conservation buffer of 2.5%. |
Dividend
Policy
Since we are
a bank holding company, our ability to declare and pay dividends is dependent on certain federal and state regulatory considerations,
including the guidelines of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends
by bank holding companies. In general, the Federal Reserve’s policies provide that dividends should be paid only out of
current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the
organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve’s policies also require
that a bank holding company serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary banks by standing ready to use available
resources to provide adequate capital funds to those banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and by maintaining
the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks where
necessary. In addition, under the prompt corrective action regulations, the ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends
may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. These regulatory policies could affect our ability to pay dividends
or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
Because the Company
is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and does not conduct stand-alone operations, the Company’s ability
to pay dividends depends on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, which is also subject to regulatory restrictions.
As a South Carolina-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to limitations on the amount of dividends that it is permitted to pay.
Unless otherwise instructed by the S.C. Board, the Bank is generally permitted under South Carolina state banking regulations
to pay cash dividends of up to 100% of net income in any calendar year without obtaining the prior approval of the S.C. Board.
In addition, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer, above its regulatory minimum capital requirements, consisting
entirely of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, in order to avoid restrictions with respect to its payment of dividends to First Community
Corporation. The FDIC also has the authority under federal law to enjoin a bank from engaging in what in its opinion constitutes
an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting its business, including the payment of a dividend under certain circumstances.
78
Liquidity Management
Liquidity management
involves monitoring sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits.
Liquidity represents our ability to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional
funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are
subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of the investment portfolio is very predictable
and subject to a high degree of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are
far less predictable and are not subject to nearly the same degree of control. Asset liquidity is provided by cash and assets
which are readily marketable, or which can be pledged or will mature in the near future. Liability liquidity is provided by access
to core funding sources, principally the ability to generate customer deposits in our market area. In addition, liability liquidity
is provided through the ability to borrow against approved lines of credit (federal funds purchased) from correspondent banks,
to borrow on a secured basis through the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and to borrow on a secured basis through securities
sold under agreements to repurchase. Furthermore, the Bank is a member of the FHLB and has the ability to obtain advances for
various periods of time. These advances are secured by eligible securities pledged by the Bank or assignment of eligible loans
within the Bank’s portfolio.
To secure a cost-effective
stable funding source, during the third quarter of 2023, we issued $48.2 million in brokered certificates of deposit ranging in
terms from six months to three years, with the three year term callable after six months. Brokered certificates of deposit totaled
$48.1 million at December 31, 2023. The $48.1 million in brokered deposits had maturity dates between February 9, 2024 and September
25, 2026 with interest rates between 5.30% and 5.70%. We had no brokered deposits and no listing services deposits at December
31, 2022. We believe that we have ample liquidity to meet the needs of our customers through our low cost deposits, our ability
to issue brokered deposits, our ability to borrow against approved lines of credit (federal funds purchased) from correspondent
banks, our ability to borrow on a secured basis through the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and our ability to obtain advances
secured by certain securities and loans from the FHLB.
We generally
maintain adequate liquidity and adequate capital, which along with continued retained earnings, we believe will be sufficient
to fund the operations of the Bank for at least the next 12 months. Furthermore, we believe that we will have access to adequate
liquidity and capital to support the long-term operations of the Bank.
Total shareholders’
equity increased $12.7 million, or 10.7%, to $131.1 million at December 31, 2023 from $118.4 million at December 31, 2022. Shareholders’
equity increased to 7.2% of total assets at December 31, 2023 from 7.1% at December 31, 2022 due to total asset growth of $154.7
million, or 9.2%, compared to total shareholders’ equity growth of $12.7 million, or 10.7%. The growth in assets was due
to increases of $153.2 million in loans held-for-investment, $53.9 million in interest-bearing bank balances and $2.7 million
in loans held-for-sale partially offset by a decline of $58.6 million in investment securities. The $12.7 million increase in
shareholders’ equity was due to a $7.6 million increase in retention of earnings resulting from $11.8 million in net income
less $4.2 million in dividends; a $796 thousand increase due to employee and director stock awards; a $438 thousand increase due
to our dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP); and a $4.2 million improvement in accumulated other comprehensive loss partially offset
by a $300 thousand adjustment related to the implementation of CECL on January 1, 2023. The increase in accumulated other comprehensive
loss was due to a decline in market interest rates, which affects the fair value of our investment securities portfolio and accumulated
other comprehensive (loss) income, which is included in shareholders’ equity.
On June 1, 2022,
we reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred
at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized
net holding loss on the available-for-sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued
to be reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest
income over the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of
this transfer. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $14.0 million ($11.1 million net of tax)
at December 31, 2023. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $15.7 million ($12.4 million net
of tax) at December 31, 2022. Our HTM investments totaled $217.2 million and represented approximately 43% of our total investments
at December 31, 2023. Our AFS investments totaled $282.2 million or approximately 56% of our total investments at December 31,
2023. Our investments at cost totaled $6.8 million or approximately 1% of our total investments at December 31, 2023. The
unrealized losses on our investment securities are related to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary negative
impact on the fair value of our investment securities portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is
included in shareholders’ equity.
79
The Bank maintains
federal funds purchased lines in the total amount of $85.0 million with four financial institutions and $10.0 million through
the Federal Reserve Discount Window. We utilized none of our federal funds purchased lines at December 31, 2023 compared to $22.0
million at December 31, 2022. The FHLB of Atlanta has approved a line of credit of up to 25.00% of the Bank’s total assets,
which, when utilized, is collateralized by a pledge against specific investment securities and/or eligible loans. We had $90.0
million in FHLB advances at December 31, 2023 compared to $50.0 million at December 31, 2022. The FHLB advances at December 31,
2023 had maturity dates between March 13, 2024 and November 3, 2026 with interest rates between 4.81% and 5.26%. At December 31,
2023, we have remaining credit availability under this facility in excess of $358.9 million, subject to collateral requirements.
Combined, we have total remaining credit availability, subject to collateral requirements, in excess of $453.9 million as compared
to uninsured deposits excluding deposits of states or political subdivisions in the U.S., which are secured or collateralized,
of $353.8 million as previously noted.
Through the operations
of our Bank, we have made contractual commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of our business activities. These commitments
are legally binding agreements to lend money to our customers at predetermined interest rates for a specified period of time.
At December 31, 2023, we had issued commitments to extend unused credit of $214.2 million, including $53.1 million in unused home
equity lines of credit, through various types of lending arrangements. At December 31, 2022, we had issued commitments to extend
unused credit of $156.9 million, including $47.3 million in unused home equity lines of credit, through various types of lending
arrangements. We evaluate each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained,
if deemed necessary by us upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral varies but may
include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial and residential real estate. We manage the credit
risk on these commitments by subjecting them to normal underwriting and risk management processes.
We regularly
review our liquidity position and have implemented internal policies establishing guidelines for sources of asset-based liquidity
and evaluate and monitor the total amount of purchased funds used to support the balance sheet and funding from noncore sources.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the
normal course of operations, we engage in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded
in the financial statements, or are recorded in amounts that differ from the notional amounts. These transactions involve, to
varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate, and liquidity risk. Such transactions are used by the company for general
corporate purposes or for customer needs. Corporate purpose transactions are used to help manage credit, interest rate, and liquidity
risk or to optimize capital. Customer transactions are used to manage customers’ requests for funding. Please refer to Note
15 of our financial statements for a discussion of our off-balance sheet arrangements.
Impact of Inflation
Unlike
most industrial companies, the assets and liabilities of financial institutions such as the Company and the Bank are primarily
monetary in nature. Therefore, interest rates have a more significant effect on our performance than do the effects of changes
in the general rate of inflation and change in prices. In addition, interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction
or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. However, we are not immune from changes occurring in inflation,
which risks include a decrease in demand for new mortgage loan and commercial real estate loan originations and refinancings,
an increase in competition for deposits, and an increase in non-interest expenses, which may have an adverse impact on our financial
performance. As discussed previously, we continually seek to manage the relationships between interest sensitive assets and liabilities
in order to protect against wide interest rate fluctuations, including those resulting from inflation.
FY 2022 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001552781-23-000156.
Item
7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following
discussion and analysis identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during the periods
included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with the financial
statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are headquartered
in Lexington, South Carolina and serve as the bank holding company for the Bank. We engage in a general commercial and retail banking
business characterized by personalized service and local decision making, emphasizing the banking needs of small to medium-sized businesses,
professionals and individuals. We operate from our main office in Lexington, South Carolina, and our 22 full-service offices located
in the South Carolina counties of Lexington County (6 offices), Richland County (4 offices), Newberry County (2 offices), Kershaw County
(1 office), Aiken County (1 office), Greenville County (2 offices), Anderson County (1 office), Pickens County (1 office), and York County
(1 office); and in the Georgia counties of Richmond County (2 offices) and Columbia County (1 office). On March 14, 2022, we opened a
loan production office in Rock Hill, South Carolina, which is located in York County. We converted this loan production office into a
full-service banking office on October 20, 2022. We refer to York County, South Carlina and the surrounding area as the Piedmont Region.
The following
discussion describes our results of operations for 2022, as compared to 2021 and 2020, and also analyzes our financial condition as of
December 31, 2022, as compared to December 31, 2021. Like most community banks, we derive most of our income from interest we receive
on our loans and investments. A primary source of funds for making these loans and investments is our deposits, on which we pay interest.
Consequently, one of the key measures of our success is our amount of net interest income, or the difference between the income on our
interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the expense on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings.
We have included a number
of tables to assist in our description of these measures. For example, the “Average Balances” table shows the average balance
during 2022, 2021 and 2020 of each category of our assets and liabilities, as well as the yield we earned or the rate we paid with respect
to each category. A review of this table shows that our loans typically provide higher interest yields than do other types of interest
earning assets, which is why we intend to channel a substantial percentage of our earning assets into our loan portfolio. Similarly,
the “Rate/Volume Analysis” table helps demonstrate the impact of changing interest rates and changing volume of assets and
liabilities during the years shown. We also track the sensitivity of our various categories of assets and liabilities to changes in interest
rates, and we have included a “Sensitivity Analysis Table” to help explain this. Finally, we have included a number of tables
that provide detail about our investment securities, our loans, our deposits and our borrowings.
There are risks
inherent in all loans, so we maintain an allowance for loan losses to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible.
We establish and maintain this allowance by charging a provision for loan losses against our operating earnings. In the following section,
we have included a detailed discussion of this process, as well as several tables describing our allowance for loan losses and the allocation
of this allowance among our various categories of loans.
In addition to
earning interest on our loans and investments, we earn income through fees and other expenses we charge to our customers. We describe
the various components of this noninterest income, as well as our noninterest expense, in the following discussion. The discussion and
analysis also identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during the periods included
in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction with the financial statements
and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this report.
43
Critical
Accounting Estimates
We
have adopted various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
and with general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies
are described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
Certain
accounting policies inherently involve a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and, as such, have a greater
possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported, which could have a material impact on the
carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. We consider these accounting policies and estimates to be
critical accounting policies. We have identified the determination of the allowance for loan losses and income taxes and deferred tax
assets, to be the accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments and, as such, could be most subject to revision
as new or additional information becomes available or circumstances change, including overall changes in the economic climate and/or
market interest rates. Therefore, management has reviewed and approved these critical accounting policies and estimates and has discussed
these policies with our Audit and Compliance Committee.
Allowance
for Loan Losses
We
believe the allowance for loan losses is the critical accounting policy that requires the most significant judgment and estimates used
in preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The allowance for loan losses represents an amount which we believe will be
adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance
for loan losses is based on assumptions about future events, which we believe to be reasonable, but which may or may not prove to be
accurate. Our determination of the allowance for loan losses is based on evaluations of the credit worthiness of borrowers, collectability
of loans, including consideration of factors such as the balance of impaired loans, the quality, mix, and size of our overall loan portfolio,
the knowledge and depth of lending personnel, economic conditions (local and national) that may affect the borrower’s ability to
repay, the amount and quality of collateral securing the loans, our historical loan loss experience, and a review of specific problem
loans. We also consider qualitative factors such as changes in the lending policies and procedures, changes in the local/national economy,
changes in volume or type of credits, changes in volume/severity of problem loans, quality of loan review and board of director oversight,
and concentrations of credit. During the first quarter of 2020, we added a new qualitative factor related to the economic uncertainties
caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We charge recognized losses to the allowance and add subsequent recoveries back to the allowance for
loan losses. There can be no assurance that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for loan losses as estimated
at any point in time or that provisions for loan losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period.
For the financial information included in this Annual
Report of Form 10-K, we account for our allowance for loan losses under the incurred loss model. We perform an analysis quarterly to
assess the risk within the loan portfolio. The portfolio is segregated into similar risk components for which historical loss ratios
are calculated and adjusted for identified changes in current portfolio characteristics. Historical loss ratios are calculated by product
type and by regulatory credit risk classification (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The annualized weighted average
loss ratios over the last 36 months for loans classified as substandard, special mention and pass have been approximately 0.00%, 0.07%
and 0.00%, respectively. The allowance consists of an allocated and unallocated allowance. The allocated portion is determined by types
and ratings of loans within the portfolio. The unallocated portion of the allowance is established for losses that exist in the remainder
of the portfolio and compensates for uncertainty in estimating the loan losses. The allocated portion of the allowance is based on historical
loss experience as well as certain qualitative factors as explained above. The qualitative factors have been established based on certain
assumptions made as a result of the current economic conditions and are adjusted as conditions change to be directionally consistent
with these changes. The unallocated portion of the allowance is composed of factors based on management’s evaluation of various
conditions that are not directly measured in the estimation of probable losses through the experience formula or specific allowances.
The
allowance represents management’s best estimate, [and we believe our estimate has been reasonably accurate in determining allowance
for loan loss adequacy], but significant downturns in circumstances relating to loan quality and economic conditions could result in
a requirement for additional allowance. Likewise, an upturn in loan quality and improved economic conditions may allow a reduction in
the required allowance. In either instance, unanticipated changes could have a significant impact on results of operations. In addition,
regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for loan losses. Such agencies
may require us to recognize additions to the allowances based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their
examination.
In
June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, as amended, to replace the incurred loss model with an expected loss model, which is referred
to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model. The CECL model is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial
assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance
sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and
similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor. For debt securities with other-than-temporary impairment
(OTTI), the guidance will be applied prospectively. Existing purchased credit impaired (PCI) assets will be grandfathered and
classified as purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) assets at the date of adoption. The assets will be grossed up for the allowance
of expected credit losses for all PCD assets at the date of adoption and will continue to recognize the noncredit discount in
interest income based on the yield of such assets as of the adoption date. Subsequent changes in expected credit losses will be
recorded through the allowance. Adoption is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022.
Early adoption was permitted. The Company adopted CECL on January 1, 2023, and currently estimates the allowance for credit losses
will increase by approximately zero to $50 thousand. In addition, the Company expects to recognize a liability for the unfunded
commitments of approximately $350 thousand to $450 thousand upon adoption. The impact to retained earnings is expected to be a
reduction of approximately $275 thousand to $395 thousand, net of tax. The adoption of CECL will not have a significant impact
to the Bank’s regulatory capital. The Company will finalize the adoption during the first quarter of 2023.
44
Income
Taxes, Deferred Tax Assets, and Deferred Tax Liabilities
We
are subject to the income tax laws of the U.S., its states, and the municipalities in which we operate. These tax laws are complex and
subject to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant government taxing authorities.
Income
taxes are provided for the tax effects of the transactions reported in our consolidated financial statements and consist of taxes currently
due plus deferred taxes related to differences between the tax basis and accounting basis of certain assets and liabilities, including
available-for-sale securities, allowance for loan losses, write-downs of OREO properties, write-downs on premises held-for-sale, accumulated
depreciation, net operating loss carry forwards, accretion income, deferred compensation, intangible assets, and pension plan and post-retirement
benefits. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will either
be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected
at income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled.
A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. As changes
in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
In
establishing our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our valuation allowance, we must make judgments
and interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws. We must also make estimates about when in the future
certain items will affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions. Disputes over interpretations of the tax laws may be subject
to review/adjudication by the court systems of the various tax jurisdictions or may be settled with the taxing authority upon examination
or audit. Although we believe that the judgments and estimates used are reasonable, and we believe our estimates have been reasonably
accurate, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. To the extent we prevail in matters
for which reserves have been established, or are required to pay amounts in excess of our reserves, our effective income tax rate in
a given financial statement period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement would result in an increase in our effective
income tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would result in a reduction in our effective income tax rate
in the period of resolution.
45
Financial
Highlights
| As of or For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,672,946 | $ | 1,584,508 | $ | 1,395,382 | ||||||
| Loans held for sale | 1,779 | 7,120 | 45,020 | |||||||||
| Loans | 980,857 | 863,702 | 844,157 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 1,385,382 | 1,361,291 | 1,189,413 | |||||||||
| Total common shareholders’ equity | 118,361 | 140,998 | 136,337 | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 118,361 | 140,998 | 136,337 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, basic | 7,528 | 7,491 | 7,446 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, diluted | 7,608 | 7,549 | 7,482 | |||||||||
| Results of Operations: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 51,117 | $ | 47,520 | $ | 43,778 | ||||||
| Interest expense | 3,174 | 2,241 | 3,755 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | 47,943 | 45,279 | 40,023 | |||||||||
| Provision for (release of) loan losses | (152 | ) | 335 | 3,663 | ||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for (release of) loan losses | 48,095 | 44,944 | 36,360 | |||||||||
| Non-interest income | 11,569 | 13,904 | 13,769 | |||||||||
| Non-interest expenses | 41,253 | 39,201 | 37,534 | |||||||||
| Income before taxes | 18,411 | 19,647 | 12,595 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 3,798 | 4,182 | 2,496 | |||||||||
| Net income | 14,613 | 15,465 | 10,099 | |||||||||
| Net income available to common shareholders | 14,613 | 15,465 | 10,099 | |||||||||
| Per Share Data: | ||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1.94 | $ | 2.06 | $ | 1.36 | ||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | 1.92 | 2.05 | 1.35 | |||||||||
| Book value at period end | 15.62 | 18.68 | 18.18 | |||||||||
| Tangible book value at period end (non-GAAP) | 13.59 | 16.62 | 16.08 | |||||||||
| Dividends per common share | 0.52 | 0.48 | 0.48 | |||||||||
| Asset Quality Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets(3) | 0.35 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans to period end loans | 0.50 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.69 | % | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans | (0.03 | )% | (0.05 | )% | (0.01 | )% | ||||||
| Allowance for loan losses to period-end total loans | 1.16 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.23 | % | ||||||
| Allowance for loan losses to non-performing assets | 194.41 | % | 789.98 | % | 148.10 | % | ||||||
| Selected Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Return on average assets | 0.88 | % | 1.02 | % | 0.78 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity: | 11.99 | % | 11.22 | % | 7.84 | % | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP): | 13.73 | % | 12.65 | % | 8.94 | % | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)(1) | 68.60 | % | 66.09 | % | 69.99 | % | ||||||
| Noninterest income to operating revenue(2) | 19.44 | % | 23.49 | % | 25.60 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent) | 3.14 | % | 3.23 | % | 3.37 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets | 7.08 | % | 8.90 | % | 9.77 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 6.21 | % | 8.00 | % | 8.74 | % | ||||||
| Tier 1 risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 13.49 | % | 14.00 | % | 12.83 | % | ||||||
| Total risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 14.54 | % | 15.80 | % | 13.94 | % | ||||||
| Leverage (Bank)(4) | 8.63 | % | 8.45 | % | 8.84 | % | ||||||
| Average loans to average deposits(5) | 64.92 | % | 68.77 | % | 76.79 | % |
| (1) | The efficiency ratio is a key performance indicator in our industry. The ratio is calculated by dividing non-interest expense by net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding gains (losses) on sales of securities and other assets, write-downs on premises held-for-sale, non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income, gains on insurance proceeds, and collection of summary judgments on loans charged-off at a bank we acquired. The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses and net revenue. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Operating revenue is defined as net interest income plus noninterest income. |
| (3) | Includes non-accrual loans, loans 90 days delinquent and still accruing interest and other real estate owned (“OREO”). |
| (4) | As a small bank holding company, we are generally not subject to the capital requirements at the holding company level unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve; however, our Bank remains subject to capital requirements. |
| (5) | Includes loans held for sale. |
46
Certain financial information presented
above is determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include “efficiency ratio,”
“tangible book value at period end,” “return on average tangible common equity” and “tangible common shareholders’
equity to tangible assets.” The “efficiency ratio” is defined as non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest
income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding gains (losses) on sales of securities and other assets, write-downs
on premises held-for-sale, non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income, gains on insurance proceeds, and collection of summary
judgments on loans charged off at a bank we acquired. The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses
and net revenue. “Tangible book value at period end” is defined as total equity reduced by recorded intangible assets divided
by total common shares outstanding. “Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets” is defined as total common
equity reduced by recorded intangible assets divided by total assets reduced by recorded intangible assets. Our management believes that
these non-GAAP measures are useful because they enhance the ability of investors and management to evaluate and compare our operating
results from period-to-period in a meaningful manner. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools, and investors should not
consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.
The table below provides a reconciliation
of non-GAAP measures to GAAP for the three years ended December 31:
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tangible book value per common share | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity per common share (non-GAAP) | $ | 13.59 | $ | 16.62 | $ | 16.08 | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 2.03 | 2.06 | 2.10 | |||||||||
| Book value per common share (GAAP) | $ | 15.62 | $ | 18.68 | $ | 18.18 | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity | ||||||||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | 13.73 | % | 12.65 | % | 8.94 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | (1.74 | )% | (1.43 | )% | (1.10 | )% | ||||||
| Return on average common equity (GAAP) | 11.99 | % | 11.22 | % | 7.84 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 6.21 | % | 8.00 | % | 8.74 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 0.87 | % | 0.90 | % | 1.03 | % | ||||||
| Common equity to assets (GAAP) | 7.08 | % | 8.90 | % | 9.77 | % |
Results
of Operations
Year
Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Our net income for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $14.6 million, or $1.92 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to $15.5 million, or
$2.05 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. The $852 thousand decline in net income between
the two periods is primarily due to a $2.3 million decline in non-interest income and a $2.1 million increase in non-interest expense
partially offset by a $2.7 million increase in net interest income, a $487 thousand reduction in provision for loan losses, and a $384
thousand reduction in income tax expense.
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $122.2 million in average earning assets partially offset by an eight basis points decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The decline in non-interest income is primarily related to declines in mortgage banking income of $2.4 million, lower gains on sale of other real estate of $122 thousand, lower gains on sale of other assets of $190 thousand, and lower other non-recurring income of $164 thousand partially offset by an increase in investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions of $484 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The reduction in other non-recurring income was related to the collection of $147 thousand in summary judgments related to two loans charged off at a bank, which we subsequently acquired and $24 thousand in gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. We recorded $7 thousand in other non-recurring income related to gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
47
| · | The reduction in provision for loan losses is primarily related to the following: a decrease in our COVID-19 qualitative factor in our allowance for loan losses methodology and net recoveries during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 partially offset by increases in our economic conditions qualitative factor due to inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, labor shortages in certain industries, and the war in Ukraine; an increase in our changes in staff qualitative factor due to the addition of a new team and new market in York County, South Carolina in March 2022; an increase in our change in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual loans qualitative factor due to a $4.1 million loan being moved to non-accrual status in June 2022; and loan growth. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee benefits expense of $863 thousand, increased occupancy expense of $55 thousand, increased equipment expense of $47 thousand, increased marketing and public relations expense of $86 thousand, increased legal and professional fees of $299 thousand, increased ATM/debit card and data processing expense of $428 thousand, increased other real estate expense including other real estate write-downs of $203 thousand, increased fraud expense of $106 thousand, increased travel, meals, and entertainment expense of $103 thousand, and increased postage / courier expense of $118 thousand partially offset by lower FDIC assessments of $150 thousand, lower amortization of intangibles of $43 thousand, and lower loan processing costs of $63 thousand. | |
| · | Our effective tax rate was 20.6% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 21.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| o | The reduction in the effective tax rate was due to lower net income before tax and a $153 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax expense during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. |
Year
Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Our
net income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was $15.5 million, or $2.05 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to
$10.1 million, or $1.35 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The $5.4 million increase in
net income between the two periods is primarily due to a $5.3 million increase in net interest income, a $135 thousand increase in non-interest
income, and a $3.3 million reduction in provision for loan losses partially offset by a $1.7 million increase in non-interest expense
and $1.7 million increase in income tax expense.
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $220.3 million in average earning assets partially offset by a 15-basis point decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. The increase in non-interest income is primarily related to increases in investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions of $1.3 million, ATM/debit card income of $412 thousand, rental income of $40 thousand, gain on bank premises held-for-sale of $104 thousand, gain on sale of bank owned land of $13 thousand, gain on insurance proceeds of $24 thousand, and the collection of summary judgments of $147 thousand related to two loans charged off at a bank we acquired, partially offset by lower mortgage loan fees of $1.2 million, lower deposit service charges of $144 thousand, lower loan late charges of $33 thousand, lower gain on sale of securities of $99 thousand, lower gain on sale of other real estate owned of $70 thousand, lower non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income of $311 thousand, and lower recurring BOLI income of $31 thousand. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The reduction in provision for loan losses is primarily related to net recoveries of $455 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to net recoveries of $99 thousand during the same period in 2020; and a reduction in the qualitative factors in our allowance for loan losses methodology during 2021 related to the economic uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the change in total past due, rated, and non-accrual loans; partially offset by increases in the qualitative factors for the change in economic conditions and the change in legal or regulatory requirements; and loan growth of $19.5 million including PPP Loans and $60.3 million excluding PPP Loans. We reduced the loss emergence period assumption on our COVID-19 qualitative factor, which was added to our allowance for loan losses methodology during 2020, to 18 months at June 30, 2021 from 24 months at December 31, 2020 due to reductions in the number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in our markets. However, we increased the loss emergence period to 21 months at December 31, 2021 due to the prevalence of the highly transmittable COVID-19 Omicron variant. We partially offset these reductions by increasing our economic conditions qualitative factor by four basis points during 2021 (two basis points at June 30, 2021 and two basis points at September 30, 2021) due to higher inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, and labor shortages in certain industries; and we increased our change in legal or regulatory requirements qualitative factor by one basis point at December 31, 2021 due to the resignation of the Chair of the FDIC on December 31, 2021, which may lead to regulatory changes that negatively affect banks. | |
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee benefits expense of $468 thousand, increased occupancy expense of $238 thousand, increased marketing and public relations expense of $130 thousand, increased FDIC assessment of $214 thousand, increased director fees and benefits of $165 thousand, increased third party broker dealer expenses of $90 thousand related to our higher investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions, and increased ATM/debit card and computer processing expense of $700 thousand partially offset by lower legal and professional fees of $180 thousand and lower amortization of intangibles of $162 thousand. | |
| · | Our effective tax rate was 21.3% during the twelve months of 2021 compared to 19.8% during the same period in 2020. |
48
Net
Interest Income
Net interest
income is our primary source of revenue. Net interest income is the difference between income earned on assets and interest paid on deposits
and borrowings used to support such assets. Net interest income is determined by the rates earned on our interest-earning assets and
the rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities,
and the degree of mismatch and the maturity and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
Year
Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Net interest income
increased $2.7 million, or 5.9%, to $47.9 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $45.3 million for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2021. Our net interest margin declined by eight basis points to 3.11% during the twelve months ended December 31,
2022 from 3.19% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, was 3.14% for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 3.23% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Average earning assets increased
$122.2 million, or 8.6%, to $1.5 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1.4 billion in the same period of
2021.
| · | The increase in net interest income was primarily due to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in non-PPP loans and securities partially offset by declines in PPP loans and other short-term investments. | |
| · | Although market interest rates increased in 2022, the decline in net interest margin was due to excess liquidity generated from PPP loan proceeds, other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and organic deposit growth being deployed in lower yielding securities; and due to a reduction in PPP loans, which resulted in a change in the mix of our earning assets. |
| o | Investment securities represented 37.0% of average total earning assets for the twelve month ended December 31, 2022 compared to 32.2% during the same period in 2021. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Interest income on PPP loans declined to $49 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $3.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 due to a reduction in PPP loans. Average PPP loans declined to $336 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $36.8 million during the same period in 2021. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | In June 2022, a $4.1 million loan was moved to non-accrual status, which resulted in a $51 thousand reversal to interest income in June 2022. |
Average loans increased
$31.4 million, or 3.5%, to $920.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $889.0 million for the same period in 2021.
Average PPP loans declined $36.5 million and average Non-PPP loans increased $67.9 million to $336 thousand and $920.0 million, respectively,
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Average loans represented 59.7% of average earning assets during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022 compared to 62.6% of average earning assets during the same period in 2021. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale)
to deposit ratio on average during 2022 was 64.9%, as compared to 68.8% during 2021. These declines were due to our growth in deposits
of $124.9 million exceeding our loan (including loans held-for-sale) growth of $31.4 million, net of a $36.5 million decline in PPP loans.
However, the loan to deposit ratio (including loans held-for-sale) increased to 70.9% at December 31, 2022 as compared to 64.0% at December
31, 2021. Our growth in loans of $111.8 million from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 exceeded our growth in deposits of $24.1
million during the same period.
The growth in our
average deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase compared to the growth in our average loans, net of the $36.5
million decline in PPP loans resulted in the excess funds being deployed in our securities portfolio. The yield on loans declined 20
basis points to 4.26% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from 4.46% during the same period in 2021 due to reduction in
higher yielding PPP loans. The yield on Non-PPP loans was 4.26% during both the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and December
31, 2021. Average securities for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 increased $113.7 million, or 24.9%, to $570.6 million from
$456.8 million during the same period in 2021. Other short-term investments declined $22.9 million to $50.5 million during the
twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $73.4 million during the same period in 2021 due to the deployment of lower yielding
other short-term investments into higher yielding securities and loans. The yield on our securities portfolio increased to 1.97% for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from 1.69% for the same period in 2021. The yield on our other short-term investments
increased to 1.25% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from 0.18% for the same period in 2021 due to the Federal Open
Market Committee (FOMC) increasing the target range of federal funds during the twelve months of 2022 a total of 425 basis
points. The target range of federal funds was 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2022 compared to compared to 0.00% - 0.25% at
December 31, 2021.
49
The yield on earning
assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were 3.32% and 3.35%, respectively.
The cost of interest-bearing
liabilities was 30 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 24 basis points during the same period in
2021. The cost of deposits, including demand deposits, was 13 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared
to 13 basis points during the same period in 2021. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 21 basis points during the twelve
months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 16 basis points during the same period in 2021. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits
(demand deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings deposits, money market accounts, IRAs, and customer cash management
repurchase agreements) as these accounts tend to be low-cost deposits and assist us in controlling our overall cost of funds. During
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, these pure deposits averaged 92.2% of total deposits as compared to 90.6% during the same
period of 2021.
Year
Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
Net interest income
increased $5.3 million, or 13.1%, to $45.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from $40.0 million for the twelve months
ended December 31, 2020. The yield on earning assets was 3.35%, and 3.65% in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The rate paid on interest-bearing
liabilities was 0.24%, and 0.46% in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The fully taxable equivalent net interest margin was 3.23% in 2021 and
3.37% in 2020.
Loans typically provide
a higher yield than other types of earning assets and, thus, one of our goals continues to be growing the loan portfolio as a percentage
of earning assets in order to improve the overall yield on earning assets and the net interest margin. Our average loan portfolio (including
loans held-for-sale) as a percentage of average earning assets was 62.6% in 2021 and 69.7% in 2020. Loans held-for-investment as a percentage
of earning assets declined to 58.2% at December 31, 2021 from 65.1% at December 31, 2020. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale) to
deposit ratio on average during 2021 was 68.8%, as compared to 76.8% during 2020. The loan to deposit ratio declined to 64.0% at December
31, 2021 as compared to 74.8% at December 31, 2020. This decline was due to our deposit growth of $171.9 million exceeding our loan (including
loans held-for-sale) decline of $18.4 million and loan (excluding loans held-for-sale) growth of $19.5 million from December 31, 2020
to December 31, 2021.
Our net interest margin
declined by 15 basis points to 3.19% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from 3.34% during the twelve months ended December
31, 2020. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, was 3.23% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to
3.37% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Average earning assets increased $220.3 million, or 18.4%, to $1.4 billion for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $1.2 billion in the same period of 2020. The increase in net interest income was due
to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin. The increase in average earning assets was
due to increases in loans, securities, and other short-term investments primarily due to Non-PPP loan growth, PPP loans, organic deposit
growth, and excess liquidity from PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline in net interest
margin was primarily due to the Federal Reserve reducing the target range of the federal funds rate twice totaling 150 basis points during
the first quarter of 2020 and the excess liquidity generated from PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19
pandemic being deployed in lower yielding securities and other short-term investments. Lower market rates, the competitive loan pricing
environment, and the COVID-19 pandemic put downward pressure on our net interest margin during 2020 and 2021.
The net interest margin
was positively affected by PPP loans and a $140 thousand interest recovery on a non-accrual loan that was successfully resolved during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. We earned $3.3 million in PPP loan interest income, which includes $3.0 million in accretion
of PPP deferred fees net of deferred costs, on an average balance of $36.8 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared
to $1.1 million in PPP loan interest income, which includes $738 thousand in accretion of PPP deferred loan fees net of deferred costs,
on an average balance of $32.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Excluding PPP loans, our net margin declined
by 31 basis points to 3.03% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from 3.34% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020.
Excluding PPP loans, our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, was 3.07% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021
compared to 3.37% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020.
50
Average loans increased
$53.9 million, or 6.5%, to $889.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from $835.1 million for the same period in 2020.
Average PPP loans increased $4.5 million to $36.8 million and average Non-PPP loans increased $49.4 million to $852.1 million for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Average loans represented 62.6% of average earning assets during the twelve months ended December
31, 2021 compared to 69.7% of average earning assets during the same period in 2020. The decline in average loans as a percentage of
average earning assets was primarily due to increases in deposits of $205.3 million and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
of $12.7 million. The growth in our deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase was higher than the growth in our loans,
which resulted in the excess funds being deployed in our securities portfolio and other short-term investments and to reduce the amount
of our FHLB advances. The yield on loans increased two basis points to 4.46% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from 4.44%
during the same period in 2020. Excluding PPP loans, the yield on Non-PPP loans declined 22 basis points to 4.26% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2021 from 4.48% during the same period in 2020. The yield on loans during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021
also included $140 thousand in interest recoveries on a non-accrual relationship that was successfully resolved during the third quarter
of 2021. The yield on PPP loans was 9.07% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 3.32% during the same period in
2020. PPP loans declined to $1.5 million at December 31, 2021 from $42.2 million at December 31, 2020 due to PPP loans forgiven through
the SBA PPP forgiveness process. When PPP loans are forgiven any remaining deferred fees net of deferred costs are recognized in interest
income through accelerated accretion of the deferred fees net of deferred costs. Interest income on PPP loans increased $2.3 million
to $3.3 million during the twelve months of 2021 from $1.1 million during the same period in 2020. The $3.3 million in interest income
on PPP loans during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 includes $3.0 million in accretion of deferred fees net of deferred costs.
Average securities and
average other short-term investments for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 increased $155.9 million and $10.5 million, respectively,
from the prior year period. The yield on our securities portfolio declined to 1.69% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from
2.15% for the same period in 2020; and the yield on our other short-term investments declined to 0.18% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2021 from 0.44% for the same period in 2020. These declines were primarily related to the Federal Reserve reducing the target range
of the federal funds rate as described above. The yield on earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was
3.35% and 3.65%, respectively. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities was at 24 basis points during the twelve months ended December
31, 2021 compared to 46 basis points during the same period in 2020.
The cost of deposits,
including demand deposits, was 13 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 28 basis points during the
same period in 2020. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 16 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021
compared to 33 basis points during the same period in 2020. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits (demand deposits, interest-bearing
transaction accounts, savings deposits, money market accounts, and IRAs) as these accounts tend to be low-cost deposits and assist us
in controlling our overall cost of funds. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, these deposits averaged 90.1% of total deposits
as compared to 87.4% during the same period of 2020. This increase was due to PPP loan proceeds, other stimulus funds related to the
COVID-19 pandemic, and organic deposit growth.
51
Average
Balances, Income Expenses and Rates. The following table depicts, for the periods indicated,
certain information related to our average balance sheet and our average yields on assets and average costs of liabilities. Such yields
are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. Average balances have been
derived from daily averages.
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PPP loans | $ | 336 | $ | 49 | 14.58 | % | $ | 36,837 | $ | 3,340 | 9.07 | % | $ | 32,312 | $ | 1,073 | 3.32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-PPP loans | 920,043 | 39,185 | 4.26 | % | 852,136 | 36,331 | 4.26 | % | 802,779 | 35,964 | 4.48 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans(1) | $ | 920,379 | $ | 39,234 | 4.26 | % | $ | 888,973 | $ | 39,671 | 4.46 | % | $ | 835,091 | $ | 37,037 | 4.44 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Taxable Securities | 52,501 | 1,525 | 2.90 | % | 54,771 | 1,564 | 2.86 | % | 48,957 | 1,454 | 2.97 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable Securities | 518,051 | 9,725 | 1.88 | % | 402,034 | 6,155 | 1.53 | % | 251,937 | 5,011 | 1.99 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Int Bearing Deposits in Other Banks | 50,435 | 633 | 1.26 | % | 72,823 | 130 | 0.18 | % | 62,313 | 275 | 0.44 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Sold | 15 | — | 0.00 | % | 564 | — | 0.00 | % | 590 | 1 | 0.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | $ | 1,541,381 | $ | 51,117 | 3.32 | % | $ | 1,419,165 | $ | 47,520 | 3.35 | % | $ | 1,198,888 | $ | 43,778 | 3.65 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 27,034 | 23,668 | 15,552 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premises and equipment | 32,274 | 33,780 | 34,769 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets | 15,476 | 15,649 | 15,922 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 48,031 | 38,846 | 39,540 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | (11,250 | ) | (10,750 | ) | (8,590 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,652,946 | $ | 1,520,358 | $ | 1,296,081 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | $ | 336,115 | $ | 273 | 0.08 | % | $ | 303,633 | $ | 196 | 0.06 | % | $ | 246,385 | $ | 284 | 0.12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 308,473 | 943 | 0.31 | % | 273,005 | 471 | 0.17 | % | 217,018 | 820 | 0.38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 157,626 | 102 | 0.06 | % | 134,980 | 78 | 0.06 | % | 113,255 | 84 | 0.07 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 146,112 | 531 | 0.36 | % | 158,053 | 995 | 0.63 | % | 166,791 | 1,833 | 1.10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Purchased | 1,496 | 53 | 3.54 | % | — | — | 0.00 | % | 7 | — | 0.00 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 74,805 | 227 | 0.30 | % | 62,194 | 85 | 0.14 | % | 49,537 | 190 | 0.38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Short-Term Debt | 9,457 | 370 | 3.91 | % | — | — | 0.00 | % | 2,020 | 8 | 0.40 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Long-Term Debt | 14,964 | 675 | 4.51 | % | 14,964 | 416 | 2.78 | % | 14,964 | 536 | 3.58 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 1,049,048 | $ | 3,174 | 0.30 | % | $ | 946,829 | $ | 2,241 | 0.24 | % | $ | 809,977 | $ | 3,755 | 0.46 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 469,292 | 423,056 | 343,999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 12,725 | 12,607 | 13,242 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | $ | 121,881 | $ | 137,866 | $ | 128,863 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 1,652,946 | $ | 1,520,358 | $ | 1,296,081 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of deposits, including demand deposits | 0.13 | % | 0.13 | % | 0.28 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of funds, including demand deposits | 0.21 | % | 0.16 | % | 0.33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest spread | 3.01 | % | 3.11 | % | 3.19 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income/margin | $ | 47,943 | 3.11 | % | $ | 45,279 | 3.19 | % | $ | 40,023 | 3.34 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent)(2) | $ | 48,455 | 3.14 | % | $ | 45,776 | 3.23 | % | $ | 40,413 | 3.37 | % |
| (1) | All loans and deposits are domestic. Average loan balances include non-accrual loans and loans held for sale. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Based on a 21.0% marginal tax rate. |
52
The following table
presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and the amount attributable
to changes in rate. The combined effect related to volume and rate which cannot be separately identified, has been allocated proportionately,
to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
| 2022 versus 2021 Increase (decrease) due to | 2021 versus 2020 Increase (decrease) due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | ||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 1,636 | $ | (2,073 | ) | $ | (437 | ) | $ | 2,403 | $ | 231 | $ | 2,634 | ||||||||||
| Investment securities-taxable | (67 | ) | 28 | (39 | ) | 163 | (53 | ) | 110 | |||||||||||||||
| Investment securities- nontaxable | 2,001 | 1,569 | 3,570 | 1,865 | (721 | ) | 1,144 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits in other banks | (27 | ) | 530 | 503 | 57 | (202 | ) | (145 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds sold | — | — | — | — | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 4,048 | (451 | ) | 3,597 | 6,826 | (3,084 | ) | 3,742 | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | 23 | 54 | 77 | 98 | (186 | ) | (88 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 68 | 404 | 472 | 315 | (664 | ) | (349 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 14 | 10 | 24 | 40 | (46 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | (70 | ) | (394 | ) | (464 | ) | (92 | ) | (746 | ) | (838 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Fed funds purchased | 53 | — | 53 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 20 | 122 | 142 | 69 | (174 | ) | (105 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other short-term debt | 370 | — | 370 | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | (8 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Other long-term debt | — | 259 | 259 | — | (120 | ) | (120 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 261 | 672 | 933 | 798 | (2,312 | ) | (1,514 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 2,664 | $ | 5,256 |
Market
Risk and Interest Rate Sensitivity
Market risk reflects
the risk of economic loss resulting from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. The risk of loss can be measured in either
diminished current market values or reduced current and potential net income. Our primary market risk is interest rate risk. We have
established an Asset/Liability Management Committee (the “ALCO”) to monitor and manage interest rate risk. The ALCO monitors
and manages the pricing and maturity of our assets and liabilities in order to diminish the potential adverse impact that changes in
interest rates could have on our net interest income. The ALCO has established policy guidelines and strategies with respect to interest
rate risk exposure and liquidity.
We employ a monitoring
technique to measure our interest sensitivity “gap,” which is the positive or negative dollar difference between assets and
liabilities that are subject to interest rate repricing within a given period of time. Simulation modeling is performed to assess the
impact varying interest rates and balance sheet mix assumptions will have on net interest income. We model the impact on net interest
income for several different changes, to include a flattening, steepening and parallel shift in the yield curve. For each of these scenarios,
we model the impact on net interest income in an increasing and decreasing rate environment of 100 and 200 basis points. We also periodically
stress certain assumptions such as loan prepayment rates, deposit decay rates and interest rate betas to evaluate our overall sensitivity
to changes in interest rates. Policies have been established in an effort to maintain the maximum anticipated negative impact of these
modeled changes in net interest income at no more than 10% and 15%, respectively, in a 100 and 200 basis point change in interest rates
over a 12-month period. Interest rate sensitivity can be managed by repricing assets or liabilities, selling securities available-for-sale,
replacing an asset or liability at maturity or by adjusting the interest rate during the life of an asset or liability. Managing the
amount of assets and liabilities repricing in the same time interval helps to hedge the risk and minimize the impact on net interest
income of rising or falling interest rates. Neither the “gap” analysis or asset/liability modeling are precise indicators
of our interest sensitivity position due to the many factors that affect net interest income including, the timing, magnitude and frequency
of interest rate changes as well as changes in the volume and mix of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
53
The following
table illustrates our interest rate sensitivity at December 31, 2022.
Interest
Sensitivity Analysis
| (Dollars in thousands) | Within One Year | One to Three Years | Three to Five Years | Over Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1) | $ | 304,496 | $ | 290,834 | $ | 208,714 | $ | 176,813 | $ | 980,857 | ||||||||||
| Loans Held for Sale | 1,779 | — | — | — | 1,779 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Securities(2) | 186,564 | 87,755 | 40,770 | 275,238 | 590,327 | |||||||||||||||
| Federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and other earning assets | 12,687 | — | — | — | 12,687 | |||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 505,526 | 378,589 | 249,484 | 452,051 | 1,585,650 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking accounts | 96,863 | — | — | 236,035 | 332,898 | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 140,429 | — | — | 154,794 | 295,223 | |||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 35,756 | — | — | 127,656 | 163,412 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 104,563 | 24,634 | 3,641 | 1 | 132,839 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 377,611 | 24,634 | 3,641 | 518,486 | 924,372 | |||||||||||||||
| Borrowings | 155,707 | — | — | — | 155,707 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 533,318 | 24,634 | 3,641 | 518,486 | 1,080,079 | |||||||||||||||
| Period gap | $ | (27,792 | ) | $ | 353,955 | $ | 245,843 | $ | (66,435 | ) | $ | 505,571 | ||||||||
| Cumulative gap | $ | (27,792 | ) | $ | 326,163 | $ | 572,006 | $ | 505,571 | $ | 505,571 | |||||||||
| Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets | (5.50 | )% | 36.89 | % | 50.46 | % | 31.88 | % | 31.88 | % |
| (1) | Loans classified as non-accrual as of December 31, 2022 are not included in the balances. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Securities based on amortized cost. |
Based on the
many factors and assumptions used in simulating the effect of changes in interest rates, the following table estimates the hypothetical
percentage change in net interest income at December 31, 2022 and 2021 over the subsequent 12 months. At December 31, 2022, we are liability
sensitive and at December 31, 2021, we are asset sensitive. The primary driver for the change is decreased interest bearing cash balances
coupled with growth in the loan portfolio and short-term borrowings. As a result, our modeling at December 31, 2022, reflects a decrease
in net interest income in a rising interest rate environment during the first twelve months subsequent to interest rate changes. The
negative impact of rising rates reverses and net interest income is favorably impacted over a 24-month period. In a declining interest
rate environment, the model reflects increases in net interest income in the down 100 basis point and down 200 basis point scenarios.
At December 31, 2021, we are asset sensitive. As a result, our modeling reflects an increase in net interest income in a rising interest
rate environment and a reduction in net interest income in a declining interest rate environment. In a declining rate environment, the
decline in net interest income is primarily due to the level of interest rates being paid on our interest bearing transaction accounts
as well as money market accounts. The interest rates on these accounts are at a level where they cannot be repriced in proportion to
the change in interest rates. The increase and decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, respectively, reflected in the table below assume
a simultaneous and parallel change in interest rates along the entire yield curve.
Net
Interest Income Sensitivity
| Change in short-term interest rates | Hypothetical percentage change in net interest income December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| +200bp | -3.74 | % | 3.04 | % | ||||
| +100bp | -1.82 | % | 2.12 | % | ||||
| Flat | — | — | ||||||
| -100bp | 3.13 | % | -5.12 | % | ||||
| -200bp | 1.12 | % | -9.81 | % |
54
During the second 12-month period after
100 basis point and 200 basis point simultaneous and parallel increases in interest rates along the entire yield curve, our net interest
income is projected to increase 3.44% and 6.13%, respectively, at December 31, 2022, and 7.82% and 15.00%, respectively, at December
31, 2021. During the second 12-month period after 100 basis point and 200 basis point simultaneous and parallel reduction in interest
rates along the entire yield curve, our net interest income is projected to decline 4.92% and 12.86%, respectively, at December 31, 2022,
and to decline 10.17% and 15.60%, respectively, at December 31, 2021.
We perform a valuation
analysis projecting future cash flows from assets and liabilities to determine the Present Value of Equity (“PVE”) over a
range of changes in market interest rates. The sensitivity of PVE to changes in interest rates is a measure of the sensitivity of earnings
over a longer time horizon. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the PVE exposure in a plus 200 basis point increase in market interest rates
was estimated to increase 3.13% and 9.73%, respectively. The PVE exposure in a down 100 basis point decrease was estimated to decline
3.83% at December 31, 2022 compared to 9.86% at December 31, 2021. The PVE exposure in a down 200 basis point decrease was estimated
to decline 10.00% at December 31, 2022 compared to 21.79% at December 31, 2021.
Provision
and Allowance for Loan Losses
Year
Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
We account for our allowance
for loan losses under the incurred loss model. At December 31, 2022, the allowance for loan losses was $11.3 million, or 1.16% of total
loans (excluding loans held-for-sale), compared to $11.2 million, or 1.29% of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) at December
31, 2021. Excluding PPP loans and loans held-for-sale, the allowance for loan losses was 1.16% of total loans at December 31, 2022 compared
to 1.30% of total loans at December 31, 2021. The decline in the allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans compared to
December 31, 2021 is primarily related to a reduction in the loss emergence period assumption in our COVID-19 qualitative factor, which
was added to our allowance for loan losses methodology during 2020 and is discussed below. The loss emergence assumption on our COVID-19
qualitative factor was reduced to zero months at December 31, 2022 from 21 months at December 31, 2021. This reduction was partially
offset by loan growth of $117.2 million; $309 thousand in net recoveries; an increase in our economic conditions qualitative factor by
six basis points due to higher inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, labor shortages in certain industries, and the war in Ukraine; an
increase in our change in staff qualitative factor by one basis point due to the addition of a new team and new market in York County,
South Carolina in March 2022; and an increase in our change in total of past due, rated, and non-accrual loans qualitative factor by
two basis points due to a $4.1 million loan being moved to non-accrual status in June 2022. This loan has a loan-to-value of 76.3% based
on an appraisal received in May 2022.
During 2020, we added
a qualitative factor for the COVID-19 pandemic to our allowance for loan losses methodology. This qualitative factor was based on the
dollar amount of our deferrals and a one-year loss emergence period based on the highest period of annual historical loss rate since
the Bank’s inception. As the pandemic worsened, we added our exposure to certain industry segments most impacted by the COVID-19
pandemic (hotels, restaurants, assisted living, and retail) to the COVID-19 qualitative factor and we extended the loss emergence period
to two years based on the highest two periods of annual historical loss rates since the Bank’s inception. The loss emergence period
assumption in the COVID-19 qualitative factor was reduced to zero months at December 31, 2022 from 21 months at December 31, 2021. At
December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the COVID-19 qualitative factor represented zero dollars and $1.9 million, respectively, of
our allowance for loan losses.
Loans that we acquired
in our acquisition of Cornerstone Bancorp, otherwise referred to herein as Cornerstone, in 2017 as well as in our acquisition of Savannah
River Financial Corp., otherwise referred to herein as Savannah River, in 2014 are accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30. These acquired
loans were initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the
loans. The credit component on loans related to cash flows not expected to be collected is not subsequently accreted (non-accretable
difference) into interest income. Any remaining portion representing the excess of a loan’s or pool’s cash flows expected
to be collected over the fair value is accreted (accretable difference) into interest income. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021,
the remaining credit component on loans attributable to acquired loans in the Cornerstone and Savannah River transactions was $81 thousand
and $130 thousand, respectively.
Our provision for loan
losses was a credit of $152 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to an expense of $335 thousand during the
same period in 2021. The reduction in provision for loan losses is primarily related to a decrease in our COVID-19 qualitative factor
in our allowance for loan losses methodology and net recoveries during the twelve months of 2022, partially offset by increases in our
economic conditions, change in staff, and changes in past due, rated, and non-accrual loan qualitative factors and loan growth as discussed
above.
55
The allowance for loan
losses represents an amount that we believe will be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible.
Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based on assumptions about future events, which we believe to be
reasonable, but which may or may not prove to be accurate. Our determination of the allowance for loan losses is based on evaluations
of the collectability of loans, including consideration of factors such as the balance of impaired loans, the quality, mix, and size
of our overall loan portfolio, the knowledge and depth of lending personnel, economic conditions (local and national) that may affect
the borrower’s ability to repay, the amount and quality of collateral securing the loans, our historical loan loss experience,
and a review of specific problem loans. We also consider qualitative factors such as changes in the lending policies and procedures,
changes in the local or national economies, changes in volume or type of credits, changes in volume/severity of problem loans, quality
of loan review and board of director oversight, and concentrations of credit. We charge recognized losses to the allowance and add subsequent
recoveries back to the allowance for loan losses. There can be no assurance that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed
the allowance for loan losses as estimated at any point in time or that provisions for loan losses will not be significant to a particular
accounting period.
We perform an analysis
quarterly to assess the risk within the loan portfolio. The portfolio is segregated into similar risk components for which historical
loss ratios are calculated and adjusted for identified changes in current portfolio characteristics. Historical loss ratios are calculated
by product type and by regulatory credit risk classification (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The annualized weighted
average loss ratios over the last 36 months for loans classified as substandard, special mention and pass have been approximately 0.00%,
0.07% and 0.00%, respectively. The allowance consists of an allocated and unallocated allowance. The allocated portion is determined
by types and ratings of loans within the portfolio. The unallocated portion of the allowance is established for losses that exist in
the remainder of the portfolio and compensates for uncertainty in estimating the loan losses. The allocated portion of the allowance
is based on historical loss experience as well as certain qualitative factors as explained above. The qualitative factors have been established
based on certain assumptions made as a result of the current economic conditions and are adjusted as conditions change to be directionally
consistent with these changes. The unallocated portion of the allowance is composed of factors based on management’s evaluation
of various conditions that are not directly measured in the estimation of probable losses through the experience formula or specific
allowances. The overall risk as measured in our three-year lookback, both quantitatively and qualitatively, does not encompass a full
economic cycle. Net charge-offs in the 2009 to 2011 period averaged 63 basis points annualized in our loan portfolio. Over the most recent
three-year period, our net charge-offs have experienced a modest net recovery. We currently believe the unallocated portion of our allowance
represents potential risk associated throughout a full economic cycle.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately
90.8% and 90.9%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. When loans, whether commercial or personal, are granted,
they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income sources sufficient to service the debt. Real
estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a secondary source of repayment. We work closely
with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and we believe that we have the appropriate processes in
place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed
the allowance for loan losses as estimated at any point in time or that provisions for loan losses will not be significant to a particular
accounting period. The allowance is also subject to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such
factors as the methodology used to determine adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory
agencies could require us to adjust our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing asset
ratio was 0.35% of total assets with the nominal level of $5.8 million in non-performing assets at December 31, 2022 compared to 0.09%
and $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. Non-accrual loans increased to $4.9 million at December 31, 2022 from $250 thousand at December
31, 2021. The increases in both non-performing assets and non-accrual loans from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022 were due to one
$4.1 million loan that was moved to non-accrual status in June 2022. This loan had a loan-to-value of 76.3% at the time it was moved
to non-accrual based on an appraisal received in May 2022. The balance of this loan is $4.0 million at December 31, 2022. Furthermore,
we had one customer relationship with two loans totaling $508 thousand, which was placed on non-accrual during September 2022. This relationship
had a loan-to-value of 42.5% at the time it was moved to non-accrual. The balance of this relationship increased to $550 thousand at
December 31, 2022 due to a loan advance to pay real estate taxes. We had $2 thousand in accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December
31, 2022 compared to zero at December 31, 2021. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.06% of the loan portfolio at December 31,
2022 compared to 0.03% at December 31, 2021. The ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 4.47% of
total bank regulatory risk-based capital at December 31, 2022 from 6.27% at December 31, 2021. During the twelve months ended December
31, 2022, we experienced net loan recoveries of $361 thousand and net overdraft charge-offs of $52 thousand.
56
There were 12 loans
totaling $4.9 million (0.50% of total loans) included on non-performing status (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days and still
accruing) at December 31, 2022. Ten of these loans totaling $4.9 million were on non-accrual status. The largest loan included on non-accrual
status is in the amount of $4.0 million and is secured by a first mortgage lien and had a loan-to-value of 76.3% at the time it was moved
to non-accrual based on an appraisal received in May 2022. The average balance of the remaining nine loans on non-accrual status is approximately
$104 thousand with a range between $1 and $406 thousand. Five of these loans are secured by first mortgage liens, three loans are secured
by second mortgage liens, and one is secured by equipment. Furthermore, we had $88 thousand in accruing trouble debt restructurings,
or TDRs, at December 31, 2022 compared to $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. This reduction was due to the payoff of one loan. We had
two loans totaling $2 thousand that were accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2022. We consider a loan impaired when,
based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due, including both principal and
interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Nonaccrual loans and accruing TDRs are considered impaired. At December
31, 2022, we had 11 impaired loans totaling $5.0 million compared to ten impaired loans totaling $1.7 million at December 31, 2021. These
loans were measured for impairment under the fair value of collateral method or present value of expected cash flows method. For collateral
dependent loans, the fair value of collateral method is used and the fair value is determined by an independent appraisal less estimated
selling costs. There was no specific allowance for loan and lease losses on our impaired loans at December 31, 2022 and December 31,
2021. At December 31, 2022, we had ten loans totaling $565 thousand that were delinquent 30 days to 89 days representing 0.06% of total
loans compared to $235 thousand or 0.03% of total loans at December 31, 2021.
Year
Ended December 31, 2021 and 2020
At December 31, 2021,
the allowance for loan losses was $11.2 million, or 1.29% of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale), compared to $10.4 million,
or 1.23% of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2020. Excluding PPP loans and loans held-for-sale, the allowance
for loan losses was 1.30% of total loans at December 31, 2021 compared to 1.30% of total loans at December 31, 2020. The increase in
the allowance for loan losses compared to December 31, 2020 is primarily related to loan growth of $19.5 million; $455 thousand in net
recoveries; an increase in our economic conditions qualitative factor by four basis points during 2021 due to higher inflation, supply
chain bottlenecks, and labor shortages in certain industries; and a one basis point increase in our change in legal or regulatory requirements
qualitative factor. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in the loss emergence period assumption on our COVID-19 qualitative
factor, which was added to our allowance for loan losses methodology during 2020, to 21 months at December 31, 2021 from 24 months at
December 31, 2020. At June 30, 2021, we reduced the loss emergence period in the COVID-19 qualitative factor to 18 months from 24 months
due to a reduction in the number of COVID-19 related cases, hospitalizations, and deaths within our markets. However, we increased the
loss emergence period to 21 months at December 31, 2021 due to the prevalence of the highly transmittable COVID-19 Omicron variant.
Loans that we acquired
in our acquisition of Cornerstone Bancorp, otherwise referred to herein as Cornerstone, in 2017 as well as in our acquisition of Savannah
River Financial Corp., otherwise referred to herein as Savannah River, in 2014 are accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30. These acquired
loans were initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the
loans. The credit component on loans related to cash flows not expected to be collected is not subsequently accreted (non-accretable
difference) into interest income. Any remaining portion representing the excess of a loan’s or pool’s cash flows expected
to be collected over the fair value is accreted (accretable difference) into interest income. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020,
the remaining credit component on loans attributable to acquired loans in the Cornerstone and Savannah River transactions was $130 thousand
and $264 thousand, respectively.
Our provision for loan
losses was $335 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $3.7 million during the same period in 2020. The decline
in the provision for loan losses is primarily related to an increase during the twelve months of 2020 in the qualitative factors in our
allowance for loan losses methodology related to the deteriorating economic conditions and economic uncertainties caused by the COVID-19
pandemic. As discussed above, during the twelve months of 2020, we added a qualitative factor for the COVID-19 pandemic to our allowance
for loan losses methodology. This new qualitative factor was based on the dollar amount of our deferrals and a one-year loss emergence
period based on the highest period of annual historical loss rate since the Bank’s inception. As the pandemic worsened, we added
our exposure to certain industry segments most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic (hotels, restaurants, assisted living, and retail) to
the COVID-19 qualitative factor and we extended the loss emergence period to two years based on the highest two periods of annual historical
loss rates since the Bank’s inception. At December 31, 2021, the COVID-19 qualitative factor represented $1.9 million of our allowance
for loan losses.
We also recognized $455
thousand in net recoveries during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. These items were partially offset by $19.5 million in loan
growth; a four basis points increase (two basis points at June 30, 2021 and two basis points at September 30, 2021) in our qualitative
factor related to economic conditions due to an increase in inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, and labor shortages in our markets;
and a one basis point increase in our change in legal or regulatory requirements qualitative factor at December 31, 2021 due to the resignation
of the Chair of the FDIC on December 31, 2021, which may lead to regulatory changes that negatively affect banks.
57
The allowance for loan
losses represents an amount which we believe will be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible.
Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based on assumptions about future events, which we believe to be
reasonable, but which may or may not prove to be accurate. Our determination of the allowance for loan losses is based on evaluations
of the collectability of loans, including consideration of factors such as the balance of impaired loans, the quality, mix, and size
of our overall loan portfolio, the knowledge and depth of lending personnel, economic conditions (local and national) that may affect
the borrower’s ability to repay, the amount and quality of collateral securing the loans, our historical loan loss experience,
and a review of specific problem loans. We also consider qualitative factors such as changes in the lending policies and procedures,
changes in the local or national economies, changes in volume or type of credits, changes in volume/severity of problem loans, quality
of loan review and board of director oversight, and concentrations of credit. We charge recognized losses to the allowance and add subsequent
recoveries back to the allowance for loan losses. There can be no assurance that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed
the allowance for loan losses as estimated at any point in time or that provisions for loan losses will not be significant to a particular
accounting period.
We perform an analysis
quarterly to assess the risk within the loan portfolio. The portfolio is segregated into similar risk components for which historical
loss ratios are calculated and adjusted for identified changes in current portfolio characteristics. Historical loss ratios are calculated
by product type and by regulatory credit risk classification (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The annualized weighted
average loss ratios over the last 36 months for loans classified as substandard, special mention and pass have been approximately 0.18%,
0.03% and 0.00%, respectively. The allowance consists of an allocated and unallocated allowance. The allocated portion is determined
by types and ratings of loans within the portfolio. The unallocated portion of the allowance is established for losses that exist in
the remainder of the portfolio and compensates for uncertainty in estimating the loan losses. The allocated portion of the allowance
is based on historical loss experience as well as certain qualitative factors as explained above. The qualitative factors have been established
based on certain assumptions made as a result of the current economic conditions and are adjusted as conditions change to be directionally
consistent with these changes. The unallocated portion of the allowance is composed of factors based on management’s evaluation
of various conditions that are not directly measured in the estimation of probable losses through the experience formula or specific
allowances. The overall risk as measured in our three-year lookback, both quantitatively and qualitatively, does not encompass a full
economic cycle. Net charge-offs in the 2009 to 2011 period averaged 63 basis points annualized in our loan portfolio. Over the most recent
three-year period, our net charge-offs have experienced a modest net recovery. We currently believe the unallocated portion of our allowance
represents potential risk associated throughout a full economic cycle.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, approximately
90.9% and 87.5%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. The increase in the percent of our loan portfolio with
real estate as the underlying collateral is due to a $46.1 million increase in loans with real estate as the underlying collateral and
a $40.8 million decline in PPP loans, which declined to $1.5 million at December 31, 2021 from $42.2 at December 31, 2020. When loans,
whether commercial or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability to generate repayment cash flows from income
sources sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a
secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience cash flow or other economic problems, and we believe
that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem credits. There can be no assurance that charge-offs of
loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for loan losses as estimated at any point in time or that provisions for loan losses
will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The allowance is also subject to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory
agencies, which may consider such factors as the methodology used to determine adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that
of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies could require us to adjust our allowance based on information available to them at the
time of their examination.
The non-performing asset
ratio was 0.09% of total assets with the nominal level of $1.4 million in non-performing assets at December 31, 2021 compared to 0.50%
and $7.0 million at December 31, 2020. The decline in the non-performing asset ratio was related to the successful resolution of several
non-accrual and accruing loans past due of 90 days or more. Non-accrual loans declined $4.3 million to $250 thousand at December 31,
2021 from $4.6 million at December 31, 2020. Accruing loans past due 90 days or more declined to none at December 31, 2021 from $1.3
million at December 31, 2020. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.03% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2021 compared to
0.23% at December 31, 2020. The ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 6.27% of total bank regulatory
risk-based capital at December 31, 2021 from 6.89% at December 31, 2020.
58
There were seven loans
totaling $250 thousand (0.03% of total loans) included on non-performing status (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days and still
accruing) at December 31, 2021. All seven of these loans were on non-accrual status. The largest loan included on non-accrual status
is in the amount of $103 thousand. The average balance of the remaining six loans on non-accrual status is approximately $25 thousand
with a range between $3 and $87 thousand, and the majority of these loans are secured by first mortgage liens. Furthermore, we had $1.4
million in accruing trouble debt restructurings, or TDRs, at December 31, 2021 compared to $1.6 million at December 31, 2020. We consider
a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due, including
both principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Nonaccrual loans and accruing TDRs are considered
impaired. At December 31, 2021, we had 10 impaired loans totaling $1.7 million compared to 23 impaired loans totaling $6.1 million at
December 31, 2020. These loans were measured for impairment under the fair value of collateral method or present value of expected cash
flows method. For collateral dependent loans, the fair value of collateral method is used and the fair value is determined by an independent
appraisal less estimated selling costs. At December 31, 2021, we had loans totaling $235 thousand that were delinquent 30 days to 89
days representing 0.03% of total loans compared to $665 thousand or 0.08% of total loans at December 31, 2020.
Beginning in March 2020,
we proactively offered payment deferrals for up to 90 days to our loan customers regardless of the impact of the pandemic on their business
or personal finances. As a result of payments being resumed at the conclusion of their payment deferral period, loans in which
payments were being deferred decreased from the peak of $206.9 million to $175.0 million at June 30, 2020, to $27.3 million at September
30, 2020, to $16.1 million at December 31, 2020, to $8.7 million at March 31, 2021, to $4.5 million at June 30, 2021, to $4.1 million
at September 30, 2021, and to zero at December 31, 2021. We had no loans on which payments have been deferred at December 31, 2021 compared
to $16.1 million at December 31, 2020. The $16.1 million in deferrals at December 31, 2020 consisted of seven loans on which only principal
was being deferred. Our management continuously monitors non-performing, classified and past due loans to identify deterioration regarding
the condition of these loans and we will continue to monitor our loan portfolio for potential risks.
The following
table summarizes the activity related to our allowance for loan losses.
Allowance
for Loan Losses
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average loans outstanding (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 914,569 | $ | 871,551 | $ | 806,583 | ||||||
| Loans outstanding at period end (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 980,857 | $ | 863,702 | $ | 844,157 | ||||||
| Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 4,895 | $ | 250 | $ | 4,562 | ||||||
| Loans past due 90 days and still accruing | $ | 2 | $ | — | $ | 1,260 | ||||||
| Beginning balance of allowance | $ | 11,179 | $ | 10,389 | $ | 6,627 | ||||||
| Loans charged-off: | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgage | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | — | — | 2 | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | — | 110 | 1 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | 1 | — | — | |||||||||
| Commercial | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 67 | 72 | 107 | |||||||||
| Overdrafts | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Total loans charged-off | 68 | 182 | 110 | |||||||||
| Recoveries: | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgage | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | 5 | — | 2 | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | — | 10 | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | 326 | 473 | 23 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | 13 | 69 | 2 | |||||||||
| Commercial | 17 | 39 | 130 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 16 | 46 | 52 | |||||||||
| Total recoveries | 377 | 637 | 209 | |||||||||
| Net loans recovered (charged off) | 309 | 455 | 99 | |||||||||
| Provision for (release of) loan losses | (152 | ) | 335 | 3,663 | ||||||||
| Balance at period end | $ | 11,336 | $ | 11,179 | $ | 10,389 | ||||||
| Net charge -offs (recoveries) to average loans and loans held for sale | (0.03 | )% | (0.05 | )% | (0.01 | )% | ||||||
| Allowance as percent of total loans | 1.16 | % | 1.29 | % | 1.23 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans as% of total loans | 0.59 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.50 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as% of non-performing loans | 194.41 | % | 4,471.60 | % | 178.23 | % | ||||||
| Nonaccrual loans as% of total loans | 0.50 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.54 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as % of nonaccrual loans | 231.58 | % | 4,473.93 | % | 227.79 | % |
59
The following table
details net charge-offs to average loans outstanding by loan category for the years ended December 31:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial, financial & agricultural | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (17 | ) | $ | (39 | ) | $ | (130 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 71,999 | $ | 98,301 | $ | 82,191 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.02 | )% | (0.04 | )% | (0.16 | )% | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 91,258 | $ | 98,196 | $ | 86,089 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.01 | )% | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Mortgage-residential | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | — | $ | (10 | ) | $ | — | |||||
| Average loans for the year(1) | $ | 49,278 | $ | 42,880 | $ | 46,024 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans(1) | 0.00 | % | (0.02 | )% | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (326 | ) | $ | (363 | ) | $ | (22 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 662,044 | $ | 597,721 | $ | 555,090 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.05 | )% | (0.06 | )% | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (12 | ) | $ | (69 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 27,479 | $ | 26,399 | $ | 27,904 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.04 | )% | (0.26 | )% | (0.01 | )% | ||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 51 | $ | 26 | $ | 55 | ||||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 12,511 | $ | 8,054 | $ | 9,286 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.41 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.59 | % | ||||||
| Total: | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (309 | ) | $ | (455 | ) | $ | (99 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year(1) | $ | 914,569 | $ | 871,551 | $ | 806,583 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans(1) | (0.03 | )% | (0.05 | )% | (0.01 | )% |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Average loans exclude loans held for sale |
The following table
presents an allocation of the allowance for loan losses at the end of each of the past three years. The allocation is calculated on an
approximate basis and is not necessarily indicative of future losses or allocations. The entire amount is available to absorb losses
occurring in any category of loans.
Allocation
of the Allowance for Loan Losses
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Amount | % of loans in category | Amount | % of loans in category | Amount | % of loans in category | ||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial, Financial and Agricultural | $ | 849 | 7.9 | % | $ | 853 | 8.1 | % | $ | 778 | 8.0 | % | ||||||||||||
| Real Estate Construction | 75 | 0.7 | % | 113 | 1.1 | % | 145 | 1.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage: | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 8,569 | 80.1 | % | 8,570 | 81.2 | % | 7,855 | 80.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential | 1,037 | 9.7 | % | 893 | 8.4 | % | 865 | 8.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 170 | 1.6 | % | 126 | 1.2 | % | 125 | 1.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Unallocated | 636 | N/A | 624 | N/A | 621 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 11,336 | 100.0 | % | $ | 11,179 | 100.0 | % | $ | 10,389 | 100.0 | % |
60
Loans acquired
in the Cornerstone transaction are excluded from our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance as they were measured at fair value
at acquisition. The assumptions used in this evaluation included a credit component and an interest rate component. These loans amounted
to approximately $5.5 million and $9.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Accrual of interest
is discontinued on loans when we believe, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts that a borrower’s
financial condition is such that the collection of interest is doubtful. A delinquent loan is generally placed in nonaccrual status when
it becomes 90 days or more past due. At the time a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest, which has been accrued on the loan
but remains unpaid, is reversed and deducted from earnings as a reduction of reported interest income. No additional interest is accrued
on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably certain.
Non-interest
Income and Expense
Non-interest
Income. A significant source of noninterest income is service charges on deposit accounts. We
also originate and sell residential loans on a servicing released basis in the secondary market. These loans are originated in our name.
The loans have locked in price commitments to be purchased by investors at the time of closing. Therefore, these loans present very little
market risk for us. We typically deliver to, and receive funding from, the investor within 30 days. Other sources of noninterest income
are derived from investment advisory fees and commissions on non-deposit investment products, ATM/debit card fees, commissions on check
sales, safe deposit box rent, wire transfer and official check fees.
Non-interest income
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $11.6 million compared to $13.9 million during the same period in 2021. Deposit
service charges declined $17 thousand to $960 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $977 thousand during the
same period in 2021 primarily due to customer refunds related to the completion of a project to discontinue multiple presentments on
consumer returns and refund customers in a determined “lookback period” of two years. A total of $39 thousand was refunded
to 477 accounts ($24 thousand was refunded to 313 active accounts and $15 thousand was refunded to 164 closed accounts). Furthermore,
effective July 1, 2022, we increased the NSF de minimis amount to $50 from $5 and reduced our maximum fee per day to $140 from $210,
each of which will impact our future aggregate deposit service charges. Mortgage banking income declined by $2.4 million to $1.9 million
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $4.3 million during the same period in 2021. Mortgage production during the twelve
months ended December 31, 2022 was $88.6 million, $65.8 million of the production was originated to be sold in the secondary market and
$22.8 million of the production was originated as adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) loans for our loans held-for-investment portfolio, compared
to $142.1 million, which was all produced to be sold in the secondary market during the same period in 2021. The gain on sale margin
decreased to 2.85% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from 3.04% during the same period in 2021. The reduction in mortgage
production was primarily due to a higher interest rate environment and low housing inventory. With the headwinds of rising interest rates,
we began to market an ARM product during the second quarter of 2022 to provide borrowers with an alternative to fixed-rate mortgages
and to help offset anticipated mortgage production challenges. Currently, we are offering 5/1, 7/1, and 10/1 ARM loans that are originated
for our loans held-for-investment portfolio. As these ARM loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the
result is additive to loan growth and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest income
as mortgage banking income.
Investment advisory
fees increased $484 thousand to $4.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $4.0 million during the same period
in 2021. Total assets under management declined to $558.8 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $650.9 million at December 31, 2021.
While revenue in our financial planning and investment management line of business increased during the twelve months of 2022 compared
to the same period in 2021, assets under management (AUM) declined due to the stock market performance in the twelve months of 2022.
Our investment advisory fees trail changes in AUM. Management continues to focus on both the mortgage banking income as well as the investment
advisory fees and commissions. Gain (loss) on sale of other real estate owned was a loss of $45 thousand during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2022 compared to a gain of $77 thousand during the same period in 2021. The $45 thousand loss was related to the sale of
one other real estate owned property during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. Gain (loss) on sale of other assets was a loss
of $73 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to a gain of $117 thousand during the same period in 2021.
The $73 thousand loss in 2022 was related to the sale of one bank owned premise during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022. The
$117 thousand gain in 2021 was related to a $104 thousand gain on sale of bank premise held-for-sale and a $13 thousand gain on the sale
of bank owned land during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Other non-recurring income declined $164 thousand to $7 thousand
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $171 thousand during the same period in 2021. The reduction in other non-recurring
income was related to the collection of $147 thousand in summary judgments related to two loans charged off at a bank, which we subsequently
acquired and $24 thousand in gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. We recorded $7 thousand in
other non-recurring income related to gains on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
61
Non-interest income,
other increased $93 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 primarily due to increases
in ATM/debit card income of $37 thousand, recurring income on bank owned life insurance of $28 thousand, rental income of $11 thousand,
wire transfer fees of $14 thousand, and bankcard fees of $14 thousand partially offset by lower customer check sales of $19 thousand.
Non-interest income
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was $13.9 million compared to $13.8 million during the same period in 2020. Deposit
service charges declined $144 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 primarily
due to lower overdraft fees. Mortgage banking income declined by $1.2 million to $4.3 million during the twelve months ended December
31, 2021 from $5.6 million during the same period in 2020 due to a reduction in mortgage production partially offset by an increase in
the gain-on-sale margin. Mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was $142.1 million compared to $199.3 million
during the same period in 2020. The gain on sale margin was 3.04% in the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 2.79% during
the same period in 2020. The gain on sale margin was limited during 2020 and the first quarter of 2021 as we worked on certain loans
not yet sold, in an effort to resolve processing and delivery issues.
Investment advisory
fees increased $1.3 million to $4.0 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from $2.7 million during the same period
in 2020. Total assets under management increased to $650.9 million at December 31, 2021 compared to $501.6 million at December 31, 2020
due to both organic growth and higher equity markets. Management continues to focus on increasing both the mortgage banking income as
well as the investment advisory fees and commissions.
We had no gain on sale
of securities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $99 thousand during the same period in 2020. We had a (i)
$13 thousand gain on the sale of bank owned land during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to zero during the prior year
period; (ii) $104 thousand gain on the sale of bank premises held-for-sale during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared
to zero during the prior year period; and (iii) $77 thousand gain on sale of other real estate owned during the twelve months ended December
31, 2021 compared to $147 thousand during the prior year period. Other non-recurring income includes a $24 thousand gain on insurance
proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to zero during the prior year period; $147 thousand received from
the collection of summary judgments during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 related to two loans charged off at a bank we acquired;
$311 thousand in non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The $311 thousand
in non-recurring BOLI income was due to insurance benefits on two former members of the boards of directors of acquired banks who passed
away during the third quarter of 2020.
Non-interest income,
other increased $434 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 primarily due increases
in ATM debit card income of $412 thousand and rental income of $40 thousand partially offset by lower recurring BOLI income of $31 thousand
and lower loan late charges of $33 thousand.
The following table
sets forth for the periods indicated the primary components of noninterest income:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Deposit service charges | 960 | 977 | 1,121 | ||||||||
| Mortgage banking income | 1,900 | 4,319 | 5,557 | ||||||||
| Investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions | 4,479 | 3,995 | 2,720 | ||||||||
| Gain on sale of securities | — | — | 99 | ||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of other real estate owned | (45 | ) | 77 | 147 | |||||||
| Gain on sale of other assets | (73 | ) | 117 | — | |||||||
| Other non-recurring income | 7 | 171 | 311 | ||||||||
| ATM debit card income | 2,706 | 2,669 | 2,257 | ||||||||
| Recurring income on bank owned life insurance | 721 | 693 | 724 | ||||||||
| Rental income | 322 | 311 | 271 | ||||||||
| Loan late charges | 68 | 68 | 101 | ||||||||
| Safe deposit fees | 56 | 59 | 55 | ||||||||
| Wire transfer fees | 132 | 118 | 93 | ||||||||
| Other | 336 | 330 | 313 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 11,569 | $ | 13,904 | $ | 13,769 |
Non-interest
Expense. In the very competitive financial services industry, we recognize the need to place
a great deal of emphasis on expense management and continually evaluate and monitor growth in discretionary expense categories in order
to control future increases.
62
Non-interest expense
increased $2.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 to $41.3 million compared to $39.2 million during the same period
in 2021. The $2.1 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee benefits expense of
$863 thousand, increased occupancy expense of $55 thousand, increased equipment expense of $47 thousand, increased marketing and public
relations expense of $86 thousand, increased legal and professional fees of $299 thousand, increased ATM/debit card and data processing
expense of $428 thousand, increased other real estate expense including other real estate write-downs of $203 thousand, increased fraud
expense of $106 thousand, increased travel, meals, and entertainment expense of $103 thousand, and increased postage / courier expense
of $118 thousand partially offset by lower FDIC assessments of $150 thousand, lower amortization of intangibles of $43 thousand, and
lower loan processing costs of $63 thousand.
| · | Salary and benefit expense increased $863 thousand to $25.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 from $24.5 million during the same period in 2021. This increase is primarily a result of normal salary adjustments, financial planning and investment advisory commissions, the addition of six employees in our York County, South Carolina office, which opened as a loan production office on March 14, 2022 and converted to a full service branch on October 20, 2022, the addition of new mortgage lenders in the third quarter of 2022, and increased compensation levels for banking officer employees implemented at the beginning of the third quarter of 2022 partially offset by lower mortgage commissions and open positions. We had 254 full-time employees at December 31, 2022 compared to 250 at December 31, 2021. | |
|---|---|---|
| · | Occupancy expense increased $55 thousand to $3.0 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $2.9 million during the same period in 2021 primarily related to major maintenance projects and our loan production office in York County, South Carolina (which converted to a full service branch on October 20, 2022) partially offset by lower janitorial services expense and lower bank premises taxes due to the sale of one bank owned property in 2022 and two bank owned properties in 2021. | |
| · | Equipment expense increased $47 thousand to $1.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1.3 million during the same period in 2021 primarily due to increases in auto expense and ATM and security monitoring service agreements. | |
| · | Marketing and public relations expense increased $86 thousand to $1.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $1.2 million during the same period in 2021 due to larger media schedules including activity in our new York County, South Carolina market. | |
| · | FDIC assessments declined $150 thousand to $468 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $618 thousand during the same period in 2021 due to a reduction in our FDIC assessment rate. | |
| · | Other real estate expenses increased $203 thousand to $308 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $105 thousand during the same period in 2021 due to the accrual of $210 thousand in 2022 real estate taxes on one non-accrual loan and $69 thousand in write-downs on two other real estate owned properties during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $50 thousand in write-downs during the same period in 2021. | |
| · | Amortization of intangibles declined $43 thousand to $158 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $201 thousand during the same period in 2021. | |
| · | Other expense increased $991 thousand to $9.4 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $8.4 million during the same period in 2021. |
| o | ATM/debit card and data processing expense increased $428 thousand primarily due to higher ATM debit card customer activity, core processing system expenses, and enhanced technology solutions. | |
|---|---|---|
| o | Fraud expense increased $106 thousand primarily related to an isolated fraud incident. | |
| o | Travel, meals, and entertainment increased $103 thousand due to more in-person meetings from eased COVID-19 restrictions. | |
| o | Postage and courier expense increased $118 thousand partially due to higher fuel costs. | |
| o | Legal and professional fees increased $299 thousand primarily due to higher legal, professional, recruiting, and consulting fees. | |
| o | Loan processing and closing costs/fees declined $63 thousand primarily due to lower mortgage loan processing costs. |
Non-interest expense
increased $1.7 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to $39.2 million compared to $37.5 million during the same period
in 2020. Salary and benefit expense increased $468 thousand to $24.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from $24.0
million during the same period in 2020. This increase is primarily a result of the normal salary adjustments and increased financial
planning and investment advisory commissions. We had 250 employees at December 31, 2021 compared to 244 at December 31, 2020. Occupancy
expense increased $238 thousand to $2.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $2.7 million during the
same period in 2020. Marketing and public relations expense increased $130 thousand to $1.2 million during the twelve months ended December
31, 2021 from $1.0 million during the same period in 2020 due to the production of new ad campaigns and related creative materials. FDIC
assessments increased $214 thousand due to a higher assessment rate in 2021 related to a decrease in our leverage ratio and an increase
in our assessment base due to higher average assets as well as $39 thousand of small bank assessment credits utilized in the twelve months
ended December 31, 2020. The reduction in our leverage ratio and the increase in our assessment base were partially related to PPP loans
and the excess liquidity generated from PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we
received FDIC small bank assessment credits during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 compared to none during the same period
in 2021. The FDIC small bank assessment credits were fully utilized during the first quarter of 2020. Other real estate expense declined
$96 thousand to $105 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $201 thousand during the same period in 2020.
Amortization of intangibles declined $162 thousand to $201 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $363
thousand during the same period in 2020.
63
Non-interest expense,
other increased $816 thousand during the 12 months ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020 primarily due to increased
director fees and benefits of $165 thousand, increased third party broker dealer expenses of $90 thousand related to our higher investment
advisory fees and non-deposit commissions, and increased ATM/debit card and computer processing expense of $700 thousand due to higher
ATM/debit card transactions, which resulted in higher income and expense, partially offset by lower legal and professional fees of $180
thousand.
The following
table sets forth for the periods indicated the primary components of noninterest expense:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Salary and employee benefits | $ | 25,357 | $ | 24,494 | $ | 24,026 | |||||
| Occupancy | 3,002 | 2,947 | 2,709 | ||||||||
| Furniture and Equipment | 1,343 | 1,296 | 1,237 | ||||||||
| Marketing and public relations | 1,259 | 1,173 | 1,043 | ||||||||
| FDIC/FICO premium | 468 | 618 | 404 | ||||||||
| Other real estate expenses including OREO write downs | 308 | 105 | 201 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 158 | 201 | 363 | ||||||||
| ATM/debit card and data processing* | 4,251 | 3,823 | 3,123 | ||||||||
| Investment advisory and non-deposit expense | 409 | 420 | 330 | ||||||||
| Supplies | 134 | 116 | 138 | ||||||||
| Telephone | 354 | 365 | 350 | ||||||||
| Courier | 279 | 181 | 176 | ||||||||
| Correspondent services | 303 | 280 | 272 | ||||||||
| Insurance | 358 | 325 | 316 | ||||||||
| Legal and Professional fees | 1,177 | 878 | 1,058 | ||||||||
| Director fees | 488 | 500 | 336 | ||||||||
| Shareholder expense | 221 | 212 | 192 | ||||||||
| Other | 1,384 | 1,267 | 1,260 | ||||||||
| $ | 41,253 | $ | 39,201 | $ | 37,534 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| * | Data processing includes core processing, bill payment, online banking, remote deposit capture, and postage costs for mailing customer notices and statements. |
Income
Tax Expense
Our income tax
expense for 2022 was $3.8 million as compared to income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 of $4.2 million and $2.5
million for the year ended December 31, 2020 (see Note 14 “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for
additional information). We recognize deferred tax assets for future deductible amounts resulting from differences in the financial
statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and operating loss carry forwards. The deferred tax assets are established based
on the amounts expected to be paid/recovered at existing tax rates. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the deferred tax
asset to the level that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will be realized. Our effective tax rate was 20.6% during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to 21.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and compared to 19.8%
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The reduction in our effective tax rate in 2022 compared to 2021 was due to lower
net income before tax and a $153 thousand non-recurring reduction to income tax expense during the twelve months ended December 31,
2022. As a result of our current level of tax-exempt securities in our investment portfolio and our BOLI holdings, assuming the
current corporate rate remains unchanged, our effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 21.25% to 21.75%.
Financial
Position
Assets totaled $1.7
billion at December 31, 2022 and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2021. Loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) increased $117.2 million or
13.6% to $980.9 million at December 31, 2022 from $863.7 million at December 31, 2021. Non-PPP loans increased $118.4 million to $980.6
million at December 31, 2022 from $862.2 million at December 31, 2021. PPP loans declined $1.2 million to $219 thousand at December 31,
2022 from $1.5 million at December 31, 2021.
64
Total loan production
excluding PPP loans was $257.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 compared to $217.1 million during the same period
in 2021. In addition, we originated zero and $37.1 million in PPP loans during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and December
31, 2021, respectively. Loans held-for-sale declined to $1.8 million at December 31, 2022 from $7.1 million at December 31, 2021. Mortgage
production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 was $88.6 million, $65.8 million of the production was originated to be sold
in the secondary market and $22.8 million of the loan production was originated as adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) loans for our loans
held-for-investment portfolio and are included total loan production numbers referenced above compared to $142.1 million, which was all
produced to be sold in the secondary market during the same period in 2021. The reduction in mortgage production was primarily due to
a higher interest rate environment and low housing inventory. With the headwinds of rising interest rates, we began to market an ARM
product during the second quarter of 2022 to provide borrowers with an alternative to fixed-rate mortgages and to help offset anticipated
mortgage production challenges. Currently, we are offering 5/1, 7/1, and 10/1 ARM loans that are originated for our loans held-for-investment
portfolio. As these ARM loans are being held on our balance sheet as loans held-for-investment, the result is additive to loan growth
and interest income but results in less gain on sale fee income, which is reported in noninterest income as mortgage banking income.
The loan-to-deposit ratio (including loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was 70.9% and 64.0%, respectively.
The loan-to-deposit ratio (excluding loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was 70.8% and 63.4%, respectively. One
of our goals as a community bank has been, and continues to be, to grow our assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to
small and mid-size businesses and individuals within the markets we serve. We remain committed to meeting the credit needs of our local
markets.
Investment securities
declined $1.9 million to $564.8 million at December 31, 2022 from $566.6 million at December 31, 2021. On June 1, 2022, we reclassified
$224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred at fair value
at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized net holding loss
on the available for sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued to be reported as a component
of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest income over the remaining life of the
securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of this transfer. The remaining pretax unrealized
net holding loss on these investments was $15.7 million ($12.4 million net of tax) at December 31, 2022. Our HTM investments totaled
$228.7 million and represented approximately 40% of our total investments at December 31, 2022. Our AFS investments totaled $331.9 million
or approximately 59% of our total investments at December 31, 2022. Our investments at cost totaled $4.2 million or approximately 1%
of our total investments at December 31, 2022. Other short-term investments declined $34.1 million to $12.9 million at December 31, 2022
from $47.0 million at December 31, 2021 due to loan growth exceeding deposit growth. Other assets increased $11.6 million to $19.2 million
at December 31, 2022 from $7.6 million at December 31 2021 primarily due to higher deferred tax assets related to unrealized losses on
our investment securities. The unrealized losses on our investment securities are related in an increase in market interest rates, which
has a temporary negative impact on the fair value of our investment securities portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss), which is included in shareholders’ equity.
Deposits increased $24.1
million to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2022 compared to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021. Our pure deposits, which are defined
as total deposits less certificates of deposits, increased $43.7 million to $1.3 billion at December 31, 2022 from $1.2 billion at December
31, 2021. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits as a percentage of total deposits in order to better manage our overall
cost of funds. We had no brokered deposits and no listing services deposits at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Our securities
sold under agreements to repurchase, which are related to our customer cash management accounts, increased $14.5 million to $68.7 million
at December 31, 2022 from $54.2 million at December 31, 2021.
Other borrowings
increased $72.0 million to $87.0 million at December 31, 2022 from $15.0 million at December 31, 2021. Other borrowings include $22.0
million in federal funds purchased, $50.0 million in FHLB Advances, and $15.0 million in junior subordinated debt at December 31, 2022
compared to zero in federal funds purchased, zero in FHLB Advances, and $15.0 million in junior subordinated debt at December 31, 2021.
The $72.0 million increase in other borrowings was primarily due to loan growth exceeding deposit growth.
65
Shareholders’
equity declined to 7.1% of total assets at December 31, 2022 from 8.9% at December 31, 2021 due to total asset growth of $88.4 million
compared to total shareholders’ equity decline of $22.6 million. The growth in total assets was primarily due to growth of $117.2
million in loans held-for-investment and $11.6 million in other assets partially offset by declines of $31.6 million in cash and interest
bearing bank balances, $5.3 million in loans held-for-sale, and $1.9 million in investment securities. The $22.6 million decline in shareholders’
equity was due to a $35.7 million reduction in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) partially offset by a $10.7 million increase
in retention of earnings less dividends paid, the transfer of $1.2 million in deferred board compensation stock units from other liabilities
to shareholders’ equity, the transfer of $0.2 million in restricted stock units from other liabilities to shareholder’s equity,
a $0.5 million increase due to employee and director stock awards, and a $0.4 million increase due to dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP)
purchases. The decline in accumulated other comprehensive income was due to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary
negative impact on the fair value of our investment securities portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which
is included in shareholders’ equity. On June 1, 2022, we reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from
available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis
for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized net holding loss on the available for sale securities on the date of transfer
totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued to be reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized
loss is being amortized to interest income over the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses
recognized as a result of this transfer. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $15.7 million ($12.4
million net of tax) at December 31, 2022. Our HTM investments totaled $228.7 million and represented approximately 40% of our total investments
at December 31, 2022. Our AFS investments totaled $331.9 million or approximately 59% of our total investments with a modified duration
of 3.15 at December 31, 2022. Our investments at cost totaled $4.2 million or approximately 1% of our total investments at December 31,
2022.
On April 12, 2021, we
announced that our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2021 Repurchase
Plan”), which represents approximately 5% of our 7,548,638 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021. No share repurchases were
made under the 2021 Repurchase Plan prior to its expiration at the market close on March 31, 2022. On April 20, 2022, we announced that
our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2022 Repurchase Plan”),
which represented approximately 5% of our 7,577,912 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022. No repurchases have been made under the
2022 Repurchase Plan. The 2022 Repurchase Plan expires at the market close on December 31, 2023.
Earning
Assets
Loans
and loans held for sale
Loans typically provide
higher yields than the other types of earning assets. During 2022 and 2021, loans accounted for 59.7% and 62.6% of average earning assets,
respectively. The loan portfolio (including held-for-sale) averaged $920.4 million in 2022 as compared to $889.0 million in 2021. Quality
loan portfolio growth continued to be a strategic focus of ours in 2022. However, with the higher loan yields, there are inherent credit
and liquidity risks, which we attempt to control and counterbalance. One of our goals as a community bank continues to be to grow our
assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to small and mid-size businesses, as well as individuals within the markets we
serve. In 2022, we funded new loans (excluding loans originated for sale) of approximately $257.9 million, as compared to $217.1 million
in 2021. In addition, we originated $37.1 million in PPP loans in 2021. PPP loans net of deferred fees and costs were $219 thousand at
December 31, 2022 compared to $1.5 million at December 31, 2021.. We remain committed to meeting the credit needs of our local markets,
but adverse national and local economic conditions, as well as deterioration of our asset quality, could significantly impact our ability
to grow our loan portfolio. Significant increases in regulatory capital expectations beyond the traditional “well capitalized”
ratios and significantly increased regulatory burdens could impede our ability to leverage our balance sheet and expand the loan portfolio.
The following table
shows the composition of the loan portfolio by category:
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial, financial & agricultural | $ | 72,409 | $ | 69,952 | $ | 96,688 | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | 91,223 | 94,969 | 95,282 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—residential | 65,759 | 45,498 | 43,928 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—commercial | 709,218 | 617,464 | 573,258 | |||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home equity | 28,723 | 27,116 | 26,442 | |||||||||
| Other | 13,525 | 8,703 | 8,559 | |||||||||
| Total gross loans | $ | 980,857 | $ | 863,702 | $ | 844,157 | ||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | (11,336 | ) | (11,179 | ) | (10,389 | ) | ||||||
| Total net loans | $ | 969,521 | $ | 852,523 | $ | 833,768 |
66
In the context
of this discussion, a real estate mortgage loan is defined as any loan, other than loans for construction purposes, secured by real estate,
regardless of the purpose of the loan. We follow the common practice of financial institutions in our market area of obtaining a security
interest in real estate whenever possible, in addition to any other available collateral. This collateral is taken to reinforce the likelihood
of the ultimate repayment of the loan and tends to increase the magnitude of the real estate loan components. Generally, we limit the
loan-to-value ratio to 80%. The principal components of our loan portfolio at year-end 2022 and 2021 were commercial mortgage loans in
the amount of $704.5 million and $617.5 million, respectively, representing 71.8% and 71.5% of the portfolio, respectively, excluding
loans held for sale. Significant portions of these commercial mortgage loans are made to finance owner-occupied real estate. We continue
to maintain a conservative philosophy regarding our underwriting guidelines, and believe it will reduce the risk elements of the loan
portfolio through strategies that diversify the lending mix.
The previously referenced
PPP loans and PPP related credit facility are included in “Commercial, financial & agricultural” loans above.
The repayment
of loans in the loan portfolio as they mature is a source of liquidity. The following table sets forth the loans maturing within specified
intervals at December 31, 2022.
Loan
Maturity Schedule and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | One Year or Less | Over One Year Through Five Years | Over Five Years Through Fifteen years | Over Fifteen Years | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 7,790 | $ | 36,114 | $ | 28,505 | $ | — | $ | 72,409 | |||||||||
| Real estate: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Construction(1) | 21,519 | 21,476 | 48,228 | — | 91,223 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-residential | 1,494 | 15,658 | 3,458 | 45,149 | 65,759 | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | 39,059 | 342,536 | 322,802 | 4,821 | 709,218 | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 1,304 | 5,185 | 22,234 | — | 28,723 | ||||||||||||||
| Other | 2,254 | 8,865 | 2,009 | 397 | 13,55 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 73,420 | $ | 429,834 | $ | 427,236 | $ | 50,367 | $ | 980,587 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Included in construction loans over 5 years through 15 years are a total of $48.2 million in construction-to-permanent loans that will move to their permanent loan category upon completion of the construction phase. |
Loans
maturing after one year with:
| Variable Rate | $ | 103,854 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Rate | 803,583 | ||
| $ | 907,437 |
The information presented
in the above table is based on the contractual maturities of the individual loans, including loans which may be subject to renewal at
their contractual maturity. Renewal of such loans is subject to review and credit approval, as well as modification of terms upon their
maturity.
Investment
Securities
Our investment securities
portfolio is a significant component of our total earning assets. Total investment securities averaged $570.6 million in 2022, as compared
to $456.8 million in 2021, which represents 37.0% and 32.2% of the average earning assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021,
respectively. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, our investment securities portfolio amounted to $564.8 million and $566.6 million, respectively.
On June 1, 2022, we
reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred
at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized
net holding loss on the available for sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued to be
reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest income over
the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of this transfer. The
remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $15.7 million ($12.4 million net of tax) at December 31, 2022.
Our HTM investments totaled $228.7 million and represented approximately 40% of our total investments at December 31, 2022. Our AFS investments
totaled $331.9 million or approximately 59% of our total investments at December 31, 2022. Our investments at cost totaled $4.2 million
or approximately 1% of our total investments at December 31, 2022.
67
At December 31,
2022, the estimated weighted average life of our total investment portfolio was 6.41 years, the modified duration was 4.32, and the weighted
average tax equivalent book yield was 3.33%. At December 31, 2022, the estimated weighted average life of our investments held-to-maturity
was 7.12 years, the modified duration was 6.15, and the weighted average tax equivalent book yield was 3.41%. At December 31, 2022, the
estimated weighted average life of our investments available-for-sale was 5.95 years, the modified duration was 3.15, and the weighted
average tax equivalent book yield was 3.28%. At December 31, 2021, the estimated weighted average life of our investment portfolio was
6.82 years, the effective duration was 3.58, and the weighted average tax equivalent book yield was 1.73%.
We held no debt
securities rated below investment grade at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
The following
table shows the Available-for Sale investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Securities available-for-sale at fair value: | |||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | 55,982 | $ | 15,436 | $ | 1,502 | |||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | 2,074 | 2,501 | 1,006 | ||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | 21,088 | 31,273 | 35,498 | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 244,599 | 397,729 | 229,929 | ||||||||
| State and local government | — | 109,848 | 88,603 | ||||||||
| Corporate and Other Securities | 8,118 | 8,052 | 3,328 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 331,861 | $ | 564,839 | $ | 359,866 |
The following
table shows the Held-to-Maturity investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Securities held-to-maturity at fair value: | |||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 113,116 | — | — | ||||||||
| State and local government | 100,497 | — | — | ||||||||
| Corporate and Other Securities | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 213,613 | $ | — | $ | — |
We hold other
investments carried at cost totaling $4.2 million and $1.8 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Other investments, at
cost, include Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock in the amount of $2.9 million, corporate stock in the amount of $1.0
million, and a venture capital fund in the amount of $274.1 thousand at December 31, 2022. The Company held FHLB stock in the amount
of $698.4 thousand, corporate stock in the amount of $1.0 million, and a venture capital fund in the amount of $86.7 thousand at December
31, 2021. These are equity securities without readily determinable fair values.
Investment in the FHLB of Atlanta is a condition of borrowing from the FHLB Atlanta. FHLB stock is carried at cost, and periodically
evaluated for impairment based on an assessment of the ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as
interest income. Dividends received on other investments, at cost are reported as interest income.
68
Investment
Securities Maturity Distribution and Yields
The following
table shows, at amortized cost, the expected maturities and weighted average yield, which is calculated using amortized cost as the weight
and tax-equivalent book yield, of securities held at December 31, 2022:
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After One But | After Five But | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Within One Year | Within Five Years | Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | — | — | $ | 45,781 | 0.67 | % | $ | 14,770 | 0.08 | % | $ | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | — | — | $ | 2,500 | 0.04 | % | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | $ | 335 | 0.17 | % | 19,085 | 0.76 | % | 2,237 | 0.04 | % | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 870 | 0.50 | % | 40,461 | 0.77 | % | 202,863 | 2.65 | % | 19,517 | 2.91 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| State and local government | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other securities | 10 | 0.03 | % | 5,764 | 0.20 | % | 2,986 | 0.06 | % | 9 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 1,215 | 0.70 | % | $ | 113,591 | 2.44 | % | $ | 222,856 | 2.83 | % | $ | 19,526 | 2.91 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| After One But | After Five But | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Within One Year | Within Five Years | Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Held-to-Maturity: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | — | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | — | — | $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | $ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 3,228 | 0.85 | % | 24,520 | 2.16 | % | 81,646 | 1.86 | % | 12,381 | 0.97 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| State and local government | 3,236 | 0.47 | % | 14,664 | 0.96 | % | 61,567 | 1.42 | % | 27,462 | 2.63 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other securities | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities held-to-maturity | $ | 6,464 | 1.33 | % | $ | 39,184 | 3.12 | % | $ | 143,213 | 3.29 | % | $ | 39,843 | 3.59 | % |
Short-Term
Investments
Short-term investments,
which consist of federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and interest bearing deposits, averaged $50.5 million
in 2022, as compared to $73.4 million in 2021. The decline in short-term investments in 2022 is primarily due to loan growth exceeding
deposit growth, which resulted in short-term investments used to fund loan growth. We maintain the majority of our short-term overnight
investments in our account at the Federal Reserve rather than in federal funds at various correspondent banks due to the lower regulatory
capital risk weighting. At December 31, 2022, short-term investments including funds on deposit at the Federal Reserve totaled $12.9
million. These funds are an immediate source of liquidity and are generally invested in an earning capacity on an overnight basis.
69
Deposits
and Other Interest-Bearing Liabilities
Deposits. Average
deposits were $1.4 billion during 2022, compared to $1.3 billion during 2021, and $1.1 billion during 2020. Total deposits were $1.4
billion at December 31, 2022 compared to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021, and $1.2 billion at December 31, 2020. Average
interest-bearing deposits were $948.3 million during 2022, as compared to $869.7 million during 2021, and $743.4 million during
2020. Total interest-bearing deposits were $924.4 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $916.6 million at December 31, 2021, and
$803.9 million at December 31, 2020. These increases are primarily due to organic deposit growth and PPP loan proceeds and other
stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic being held in customers deposit accounts. Total uninsured deposits were $407.0
million and $392.2 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Included in uninsured deposits at December 31,
2022 and December 31, 2021 were $59.5 million and $55.2 million of collateralized public funds, respectively. We had no brokered
deposits and no listing services deposits at December 31, 2022, December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020.
The following
table sets forth the deposits by category:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Amount | % of Deposits | Amount | % of Deposits | Amount | % of Deposits | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposit accounts | $ | 461,010 | 33.3 | % | $ | 444,688 | 32.7 | % | $ | 385,511 | 32.4 | % | ||||||||||||
| Interest bearing checking accounts | 334,540 | 24.1 | % | 331,638 | 24.4 | % | 278,077 | 23.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 295,223 | 21.3 | % | 287,419 | 21.1 | % | 242,128 | 20.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 161,770 | 11.7 | % | 143,765 | 10.5 | % | 123,032 | 10.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits less than $100,000 | 66,410 | 4.8 | % | 74,489 | 5.5 | % | 78,794 | 6.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits more than $100,000 | 66,429 | 4.8 | % | 79,292 | 5.8 | % | 81,871 | 6.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | $ | 1,385,382 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,361,291 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,189,413 | 100.0 | % |
Large certificate of
deposit customers, whom we identify as those of $100 thousand or more, tend to be extremely sensitive to interest rate levels, making
these deposits less reliable sources of funding for liquidity planning purposes than core deposits. Core deposits, which exclude time
deposits of $100 thousand or more, provide a relatively stable funding source for the loan portfolio and other earning assets. Core deposits
were $1.3 billion and $1.3 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Time deposits greater than $250 thousand, the FDIC deposit
insurance coverage limit, amounted to $25.0 million and $27.9 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
A stable base
of deposits is expected to continue to be the primary source of funding to meet both our short-term and long-term liquidity needs in
the future. The maturity distribution of time deposits is shown in the following table.
Maturities
of Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposit of $250,000 or More
At December 31,
2022, time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit were as follows:
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Time deposits of $250,000 or more | $ | 2,586 | $ | 619 | $ | 5,315 | $ | 976 | $ | 9,496 |
Borrowed
funds. Borrowed funds consist of fed funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase,
FHLB advances and long-term debt, which is a result of issuing $15.0 million in trust preferred securities. Short-term borrowings in
the form of securities sold under agreements to repurchase averaged $74.8 million, $62.2 million and $49.5 million during 2022, 2021
and 2020, respectively. The maximum month-end balances during 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $93.4 million, $72.4 million and $73.0 million,
respectively. The average rates paid during these periods were 0.30%, 0.14% and 0.38%, respectively. The balances of securities sold
under agreements to repurchase were $68.7 million and $54.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The repurchase agreements
all mature within one to four days and are generally originated with customers that have other relationships with us and tend to provide
a stable and predictable source of funding. Federal funds purchased averaged $1.5 million, zero and seven thousand dollars during 2022,
2021 and 2020, respectively. The average rates paid during these periods were 3.54%, 0.00% and 0.00%, respectively. The balances of federal
funds purchased were $22.0 million and zero at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As a member of the FHLB, the Bank has access
to advances from the FHLB for various terms and amounts. FHLB advances averaged $9.5 million, zero and $2.0 million during 2022, 2021
and 2020, respectively. The average rates paid during these periods were 3.91%, 0.00% and 0.40%, respectively. The balances of FHLB advances
were $50.0 million and zero at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
70
At December 31,
2022, FHLB advance maturities were as follows:
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| FHLB Advances | $ | 50,000 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 50,000 |
The $50 million in FHLB
advances at December 31, 2022 had maturity dates between January 17, 2023 and March 7, 2023 with interest rates between 4.15% and 4.63%.
There were no FHLB Advances as of December 31, 2021.
In addition to
the above borrowings, we issued $15.5 million in trust preferred securities on September 16, 2004. During the fourth quarter of 2015,
we redeemed $500 thousand of these securities. The securities accrue and pay distributions quarterly at a rate of three month LIBOR plus
257 basis points. The remaining debt may be redeemed in full anytime with notice and matures on September 16, 2034. Trust preferred securities
averaged $15.0 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020. The average rates paid during these periods were 4.51%, 2.78% and 3.58%, respectively.
The balances of trust preferred securities were $15.0 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Capital
Adequacy and Dividend Policy
Capital
Adequacy
Shareholders’
equity declined to 7.1% of total assets at December 31, 2022 from 8.9% at December 31, 2021 due to total asset growth of $88.4 million
compared to total shareholders’ equity decline of $22.6 million. The growth in total assets was primarily due to growth of $117.2
million in loans held-for-investment and $11.6 million in other assets partially offset by declines of $31.6 million in cash and interest
bearing bank balances, $5.3 million in loans held-for-sale, and $1.9 million in investment securities. The $22.6 million decline in shareholders’
equity was due to a $35.7 million reduction in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) partially offset by a $10.7 million increase
in retention of earnings less dividends paid, the transfer of $1.2 million in deferred board compensation stock units from other liabilities
to shareholders’ equity, the transfer of $0.2 million in restricted stock units from other liabilities to shareholder’s equity,
a $0.5 million increase due to employee and director stock awards, and a $0.4 million increase due to dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP)
purchases. The decline in accumulated other comprehensive income was due to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary
negative impact on the fair value of our investment securities portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which
is included in shareholders’ equity. On June 1, 2022, we reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from
available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis
for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized net holding loss on the available for sale securities on the date of transfer
totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued to be reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized
loss is being amortized to interest income over the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses
recognized as a result of this transfer. The remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $15.7 million ($12.4
million net of tax) at December 31, 2022. Our HTM investments totaled $228.7 million and represented approximately 40% of our total investments
at December 31, 2022. Our AFS investments totaled $331.9 million or approximately 59% of our total investments with a modified duration
of 3.15 at December 31, 2022. Our investments at cost totaled $4.2 million or approximately 1% of our total investments at December 31,
2022.
On April 12, 2021, we
announced that our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2021 Repurchase
Plan”), which represents approximately 5% of our 7,548,638 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021. No share repurchases were
made under the 2021 Repurchase Plan prior to its expiration at the market close on March 31, 2022. On April 20, 2022, we announced that
our Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2022 Repurchase Plan”),
which represented approximately 5% of our 7,577,912 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022. No repurchases have been made under the
2022 Repurchase Plan. The 2022 Repurchase Plan expires at the market close on December 31, 2023.
During each quarter
in 2020 and 2021, we paid a $0.12 per share dividend on our common stock. During each quarter in 2022, we paid an $0.13 per share dividend
on our common stock. On January 18, 2023, we announced a $0.14 per share dividend payable on February 14, 2023 to shareholders of record
of our common stock on January 31, 2023.
71
In addition, we have
a dividend reinvestment plan that allows existing shareholders the option of reinvesting cash dividends as well as making optional purchases
of up to $5,000 in the purchase of common stock per quarter.
The following
table shows the return on average assets (net income divided by average total assets), return on average equity (net income divided by
average equity), and equity to assets ratio for the three years ended December 31, 2022.
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on average assets | 0.88 | % | 1.02 | % | 0.78 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity | 11.99 | % | 11.22 | % | 7.84 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets ratio | 7.08 | % | 8.90 | % | 9.77 | % | ||||||
| Dividend Payout Ratio | 26.78 | % | 23.24 | % | 35.38 | % |
While the Company is
currently a small bank holding company and so generally is not subject to Basel III capital requirements, our Bank remains subject to
such capital requirements. See “Supervision and Regulation—Basel Capital Standards” for additional information on Basel
III and the Dodd-Frank Act.
The Bank exceeded
the regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2022 and 2021, as set forth in the following table:
| (In thousands) | Required Amount | % | Actual Amount | % | Excess Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Bank(1)(2): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 64,741 | 6.0 | % | $ | 145,578 | 13.5 | % | $ | 80,837 | 7.5 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 86,321 | 8.0 | % | 156,914 | 14.5 | % | 70,593 | 6.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 48,555 | 4.5 | % | 145,578 | 13.5 | % | 97,023 | 9.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 67,509 | 4.0 | % | 145,578 | 8.6 | % | 78,069 | 4.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 57,075 | 6.0 | % | $ | 132,918 | 14.0 | % | $ | 75,843 | 8.0 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 76,101 | 8.0 | % | 144,097 | 15.1 | % | 67,996 | 7.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 42,807 | 4.5 | % | 132,918 | 14.0 | % | 90,111 | 9.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 62,897 | 4.0 | % | 132,918 | 8.5 | % | 70,021 | 4.5 | % |
| (1) | As a small bank holding company, the Company is generally not subject to the Basel III capital requirements unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve. |
|---|---|
| (2) | Required Amounts and Required Ratios do not include the capital conservation buffer of 2.5%. |
Dividend
Policy
Since we are
a bank holding company, our ability to declare and pay dividends is dependent on certain federal and state regulatory considerations,
including the guidelines of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends
by bank holding companies. In general, the Federal Reserve’s policies provide that dividends should be paid only out of current
earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the organization’s
capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve’s policies also require that a bank holding company
serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary banks by standing ready to use available resources to provide adequate capital
funds to those banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and by maintaining the financial flexibility and capital-raising
capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks where necessary. In addition, under the prompt corrective
action regulations, the ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized.
These regulatory policies could affect our ability to pay dividends or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
72
Because the Company
is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and does not conduct stand-alone operations, the Company’s ability to pay
dividends depends on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, which is also subject to regulatory restrictions. As a
South Carolina-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to limitations on the amount of dividends that it is permitted to pay. Unless otherwise
instructed by the S.C. Board, the Bank is generally permitted under South Carolina state banking regulations to pay cash dividends of
up to 100% of net income in any calendar year without obtaining the prior approval of the S.C. Board. In addition, the Bank must maintain
a capital conservation buffer, above its regulatory minimum capital requirements, consisting entirely of Common Equity Tier 1 capital,
in order to avoid restrictions with respect to its payment of dividends to First Community Corporation. The FDIC also has the authority
under federal law to enjoin a bank from engaging in what in its opinion constitutes an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting its business,
including the payment of a dividend under certain circumstances.
Liquidity
Management
Liquidity management
involves monitoring sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits. Liquidity
represents our ability to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional funds by increasing
liabilities. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are subject to varying degrees
of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of the investment portfolio is very predictable and subject to a high degree
of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are far less predictable and are not
subject to nearly the same degree of control. Asset liquidity is provided by cash and assets which are readily marketable, or which can
be pledged, or which will mature in the near future. Liability liquidity is provided by access to core funding sources, principally the
ability to generate customer deposits in our market area. In addition, liability liquidity is provided through the ability to borrow
against approved lines of credit (federal funds purchased) from correspondent banks and to borrow on a secured basis through securities
sold under agreements to repurchase. The Bank is a member of the FHLB and has the ability to obtain advances for various periods of time.
These advances are secured by eligible securities pledged by the Bank or assignment of eligible loans within the Bank’s portfolio.
We had no brokered deposits
and no listing services deposits at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. We believe that we have ample liquidity to meet the
needs of our customers through our low cost deposits, our ability to borrow against approved lines of credit (federal funds purchased)
from correspondent banks, and our ability to obtain advances secured by certain securities and loans from the FHLB.
We generally maintain
a high level of liquidity and adequate capital, which along with continued retained earnings, we believe will be sufficient to fund the
operations of the Bank for at least the next 12 months. Furthermore, we believe that we will have access to adequate liquidity and capital
to support the long-term operations of the Bank. Shareholders’ equity declined to 7.1% of total assets at December 31, 2022 from
8.9% at December 31, 2021 due to total asset growth of $88.4 million compared to total shareholders’ equity decline of $22.6 million.
The growth in total assets was primarily due to growth of $117.2 million in loans held-for-investment and $11.6 million in other assets
partially offset by declines of $31.6 million in cash and interest bearing bank balances, $5.3 million in loans held-for-sale, and $1.9
million in investment securities. The $22.6 million decline in shareholders’ equity was due to a $35.7 million reduction in accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss) partially offset by a $10.7 million increase in retention of earnings less dividends paid, the transfer
of $1.2 million in deferred board compensation stock units from other liabilities to shareholders’ equity, the transfer of $0.2
million in restricted stock units from other liabilities to shareholder’s equity, a $0.5 million increase due to employee and director
stock awards, and a $0.4 million increase due to dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) purchases. The decline in accumulated other comprehensive
income was due to an increase in market interest rates, which has a temporary negative impact on the fair value of our investment securities
portfolio and on accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is included in shareholders’ equity. On June 1, 2022, we
reclassified $224.5 million in investments to held-to-maturity (HTM) from available-for-sale (AFS). These securities were transferred
at fair value at the time of the transfer, which became the new cost basis for the securities held to maturity. The pretax unrealized
net holding loss on the available for sale securities on the date of transfer totaled approximately $16.7 million, and continued to be
reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. This net unrealized loss is being amortized to interest income over
the remaining life of the securities as a yield adjustment. There were no gains or losses recognized as a result of this transfer. The
remaining pretax unrealized net holding loss on these investments was $15.7 million ($12.4 million net of tax) at December 31, 2022.
Our HTM investments totaled $228.7 million and represented approximately 40% of our total investments at December 31, 2022. Our AFS investments
totaled $331.9 million or approximately 59% of our total investments with a modified duration of 3.15 at December 31, 2022. Our investments
at cost totaled $4.2 million or approximately 1% of our total investments at December 31, 2022.
73
The Bank maintains federal
funds purchased lines in the total amount of $65.0 million with three financial institutions and $10 million through the Federal Reserve
Discount Window. We utilized $22 million of our federal funds purchased lines at December 31, 2022 compared to zero at December 31, 2021.
The FHLB of Atlanta has approved a line of credit of up to 25% of the Bank’s assets, which, when utilized, is collateralized by
a pledge against specific investment securities and/or eligible loans. We had $50 million in FHLB advances at December 31, 2022 compared
to zero at December 31, 2021. The $50 million in FHLB advances at December 31, 2022 had maturity dates between January 17, 2023 and March
7, 2023 with interest rates between 4.15% and 4.63%.
Through the operations
of our Bank, we have made contractual commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of our business activities. These commitments
are legally binding agreements to lend money to our customers at predetermined interest rates for a specified period of time. At December
31, 2022, we had issued commitments to extend unused credit of $156.9 million, including $47.3 million in unused home equity lines of
credit, through various types of lending arrangements. At December 31, 2021, we had issued commitments to extend unused credit of $137.4
million, including $42.9 million in unused home equity lines of credit, through various types of lending arrangements. We evaluate each
customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by us upon extension
of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property,
plant and equipment, commercial and residential real estate. We manage the credit risk on these commitments by subjecting them to normal
underwriting and risk management processes.
We regularly review
our liquidity position and have implemented internal policies establishing guidelines for sources of asset-based liquidity and evaluate
and monitor the total amount of purchased funds used to support the balance sheet and funding from noncore sources.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
In the normal
course of operations, we engage in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded in the financial
statements, or are recorded in amounts that differ from the notional amounts. These transactions involve, to varying degrees, elements
of credit, interest rate, and liquidity risk. Such transactions are used by the company for general corporate purposes or for customer
needs. Corporate purpose transactions are used to help manage credit, interest rate, and liquidity risk or to optimize capital. Customer
transactions are used to manage customers’ requests for funding. Please refer to Note 15 of our financial statements for a discussion
of our off-balance sheet arrangements.
Impact
of Inflation
Unlike most industrial
companies, the assets and liabilities of financial institutions such as the Company and the Bank are primarily monetary in nature. Therefore,
interest rates have a more significant effect on our performance than do the effects of changes in the general rate of inflation and
change in prices. In addition, interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as the prices of
goods and services. However, we are not immune from changes occurring in inflation, which risks include a decrease in demand for new
mortgage loan and commercial real estate loan originations and refinancings, an increase in competition for deposits, and an increase
in non-interest expenses, which may have an adverse impact on our financial performance. As discussed previously, we continually seek
to manage the relationships between interest sensitive assets and liabilities in order to protect against wide interest rate fluctuations,
including those resulting from inflation.
FY 2021 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0001552781-22-000252.
Item 7. Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following
discussion and analysis identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during
the periods included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction
with the financial statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this Annual Report
on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are
headquartered in Lexington, South Carolina and serve as the bank holding company for the Bank. We engage in a general commercial
and retail banking business characterized by personalized service and local decision making, emphasizing the banking needs of
small to medium-sized businesses, professional concerns and individuals. We operate from our main office in Lexington, South Carolina,
and our 21 full-service offices located in the South Carolina counties of Lexington County (6 offices), Richland County (4 offices),
Newberry County (2 offices), Kershaw County (1 office), Aiken County (1 office), Greenville County (2 offices), Anderson County
(1 office), and Pickens County (1 office); and in the Georgia counties of Richmond County (2 offices) and Columbia County (1 office). On March 1, 2022, we announced the hiring of a team of experienced lenders in Rock Hill, South Carolina. We intend to establish a loan production office in Rock Hill, South Carolina, subject to prior notice and nonobjection from the Office of the Commissioner of Banking of South Carolina. Thereafter, we may open a full-service banking office in Rock Hill, South Carolina, subject to approval by our regulators.
The following
discussion describes our results of operations for 2021, as compared to 2020 and 2019, and also analyzes our financial condition
as of December 31, 2021, as compared to December 31, 2020. Like most community banks, we derive most of our income from interest
we receive on our loans and investments. A primary source of funds for making these loans and investments is our deposits, on
which we pay interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of our success is our amount of net interest income, or the difference
between the income on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the expense on our interest-bearing liabilities,
such as deposits and borrowings.
We have included
a number of tables to assist in our description of these measures. For example, the “Average Balances” table shows
the average balance during 2021, 2020 and 2019 of each category of our assets and liabilities, as well as the yield we earned
or the rate we paid with respect to each category. A review of this table shows that our loans typically provide higher interest
yields than do other types of interest earning assets, which is why we intend to channel a substantial percentage of our earning
assets into our loan portfolio. Similarly, the “Rate/Volume Analysis” table helps demonstrate the impact of changing
interest rates and changing volume of assets and liabilities during the years shown. We also track the sensitivity of our various
categories of assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates, and we have included a “Sensitivity Analysis Table”
to help explain this. Finally, we have included a number of tables that provide detail about our investment securities, our loans,
and our deposits and other borrowings.
There
are risks inherent in all loans, so we maintain an allowance for loan losses to absorb probable losses on existing loans that
may become uncollectible. We establish and maintain this allowance by charging a provision for loan losses against our operating
earnings. In the following section, we have included a detailed discussion of this process, as well as several tables describing
our allowance for loan losses and the allocation of this allowance among our various categories of loans.
In addition
to earning interest on our loans and investments, we earn income through fees and other expenses we charge to our customers. We
describe the various components of this noninterest income, as well as our noninterest expense, in the following discussion. The
discussion and analysis also identifies significant factors that have affected our financial position and operating results during
the periods included in the accompanying financial statements. We encourage you to read this discussion and analysis in conjunction
with the financial statements and the related notes and the other statistical information also included in this report.
COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19
pandemic and variants of the virus continue to create disruptions to the global economy and financial markets and to businesses
and the lives of individuals throughout the world. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its related variants is fluid and continues
to evolve, adversely affecting many of our customers. Our business, financial condition and results of operations generally rely
upon the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans, the value of collateral underlying our secured loans, and demand for loans
and other products and services we offer, which are highly dependent on the business environment in our primary markets where
we operate and in the United States as a whole. The unprecedented and rapid spread of COVID-19 and its variants and their associated
impacts on trade (including supply chains and export levels), travel, employee productivity, unemployment, consumer spending,
and other economic activities have resulted and continue to result in less economic activity, and volatility and disruption in
financial markets.
39
Commercial activity
has improved, but has not returned to the levels existing before the outbreak of the pandemic, which may result in our borrowers’
inability to meet their loan obligations. Economic pressures and uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic have also resulted
in changes in consumer spending behaviors, which may negatively impact the demand for loans and other services we offer. In addition,
our loan portfolio includes customers in industries such as hotels, restaurants and assisted living facilities, all of which have
been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We recognize that these industries may take longer to recover as consumers
may be hesitant to return to full social interaction or may change their spending habits on a more permanent basis as a result
of the pandemic. We continue to monitor these customers closely.
In addition,
due to the COVID-19 pandemic, market interest rates declined to historical lows; however, market interest rates are expected to
increase in 2022 and future periods. The reductions in interest rates, low interest rate environment, and the other effects of
the COVID-19 pandemic have had, and are expected to continue to have, adverse effects on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
As the COVID-19
pandemic has evolved from its emergence in early 2020, so has its impact. While vaccine availability and uptake has increased,
the longer-term macro-economic effects on global supply chains, inflation, labor shortages and wage increases continue to impact
many industries, including the collateral underlying certain of our loans. Moreover, with the potential for new strains of COVID-19
to emerge, governments and businesses may re-impose aggressive measures to help slow its spread in the future. For this reason,
among others, as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the potential or lasting impacts on our business, financial condition and results
of operations remains uncertain and difficult to assess.
Lending Operations and Accommodations
to Borrowers; Impact of COVID-19 on Asset Quality and Value of Investment Securities
Beginning in
March 2020, we proactively offered payment deferrals for up to 90 days to our loan customers regardless of the impact of the pandemic
on their business or personal finances. As a result of payments being resumed at the conclusion of their payment deferral
period, loans in which payments were being deferred decreased from the peak of $206.9 million to $175.0 million at June 30, 2020,
to $27.3 million at September 30, 2020, to $16.1 million at December 31, 2020, to $8.7 million at March 31, 2021, to $4.5 million
at June 30, 2021, to $4.1 million at September 30, 2021, and to zero at December 31, 2021. We had no loans on which payments have
been deferred at December 31, 2021 compared to $16.1 million at December 31, 2020.
We were also
a small business administration approved lender and participated in the PPP, established under the CARES Act. During 2020 and
2021, we originated 1,417 PPP loans totaling $88.5 million, which includes 843 PPP loans totaling $51.2 million originated in
2020 and 574 PPP loans totaling $37.3 million originated in 2021. Furthermore, during 2020, we facilitated the origination of
111 PPP loans totaling $31.2 million for our customers through a third party prior to establishing our own PPP platform. As of
December 31, 2021, 1,406 PPP loans totaling $87.0 million (840 PPP loans totaling $51.2 million originated in 2020 and 566 PPP
loans totaling $35.8 million originated in 2021) were forgiven through the SBA PPP forgiveness process.
Our asset quality
metrics as of December 31, 2021 remained sound. At December 31, 2021, our non-performing assets were not yet materially
impacted by the economic pressures of the COVID-19 pandemic. The non-performing asset ratio was 0.09% of total assets with the
nominal level of $1.4 million in non-performing assets at December 31, 2021 compared to 0.50% and $7.0 million at December 31,
2020. The decline in the non-performing asset ratio was related to the successful resolution of several non-accrual and accruing
loans past due of 90 days or more. Non-accrual loans declined $4.3 million to $250 thousand at December 31, 2021 from $4.6 million
at December 31, 2020. We had no accruing loans past due 90 days or more at December 31, 2021 compared to $1.3 million at December
31, 2021. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.03% of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2021 compared to 0.23% at December
31, 2020. The ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined to 6.27% of total bank regulatory risk-based
capital at December 31, 2021 from 6.89% at December 31, 2020. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, we experienced
net loan recoveries of $478 thousand and net overdraft charge-offs of $22 thousand.
We are also monitoring
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations and value of our investments. We mark to market our available-for-sale investments
and review our investment portfolio for impairment at, a minimum, quarterly. We do not consider any securities in our investment
portfolio to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2021. However, because of changing economic and market conditions
affecting issuers, we may be required to recognize future impairments on the securities we hold as well as reductions in other
comprehensive income. We cannot currently determine the ultimate impact of the pandemic on the long-term value of our portfolio.
40
Capital and Liquidity
Our capital remained
strong. Each of the regulatory capital ratios for the Bank exceeds the well capitalized minimum levels currently required
by regulatory statute at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. Based on our strong capital, conservative underwriting, and
internal stress testing, we expect to remain well capitalized throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the Bank’s reported
regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by future credit losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We intend to monitor
developments and potential impacts on our capital.
We believe that
we have ample liquidity to meet the needs of our customers through our low cost deposits, our ability to borrow against approved
lines of credit (federal funds purchased) from correspondent banks, and our ability to obtain advances secured by certain securities
and loans from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”).
Critical Accounting Estimates
We have adopted
various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and with
general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies
are described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements in this report.
Certain
accounting policies inherently involve a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and, as such, have
a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported, which could have a material
impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. We consider these accounting policies
and estimates to be critical accounting policies. We have identified the determination of the allowance for loan losses and income
taxes and deferred tax assets, to be the accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments and, as such,
could be most subject to revision as new or additional information becomes available or circumstances change, including overall
changes in the economic climate and/or market interest rates. Therefore, management has reviewed and approved these critical accounting
policies and estimates and has discussed these policies with our Audit and Compliance Committee.
Allowance for Loan Losses
We believe
the allowance for loan losses is the critical accounting policy that requires the most significant judgment and estimates used
in preparation of our consolidated financial statements. The allowance for loan losses represents an amount which we believe will
be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the
allowance for loan losses is based on assumptions about future events, which we believe to be reasonable, but which may or may
not prove to be accurate. Our determination of the allowance for loan losses is based on evaluations of the credit worthiness
of borrowers, collectability of loans, including consideration of factors such as the balance of impaired loans, the quality,
mix, and size of our overall loan portfolio, the knowledge and depth of lending personnel, economic conditions (local and national)
that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the amount and quality of collateral securing the loans, our historical
loan loss experience, and a review of specific problem loans. We also consider qualitative factors such as changes in the lending
policies and procedures, changes in the local/national economy, changes in volume or type of credits, changes in volume/severity
of problem loans, quality of loan review and board of director oversight, and concentrations of credit. During the first quarter
of 2020, we added a new qualitative factor related to the economic uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. We charge recognized
losses to the allowance and add subsequent recoveries back to the allowance for loan losses. There can be no assurance that charge-offs
of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for loan losses as estimated at any point in time or that provisions
for loan losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period, especially considering the uncertainties related to
the COVID-19 pandemic.
As discussed
above, the CECL model will become effective for us on January 1, 2023. However, for now, we account for our allowance for loan
losses under the incurred loss model. We perform an analysis quarterly to assess the risk within the loan portfolio. The portfolio
is segregated into similar risk components for which historical loss ratios are calculated and adjusted for identified changes
in current portfolio characteristics. Historical loss ratios are calculated by product type and by regulatory credit risk classification
(See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The annualized weighted average loss ratios over the last 36 months for
loans classified as substandard, special mention and pass have been approximately 0.18%, 0.03% and 0.00%, respectively. The allowance
consists of an allocated and unallocated allowance. The allocated portion is determined by types and ratings of loans within the
portfolio. The unallocated portion of the allowance is established for losses that exist in the remainder of the portfolio and
compensates for uncertainty in estimating the loan losses. The allocated portion of the allowance is based on historical loss
experience as well as certain qualitative factors as explained above. The qualitative factors have been established based on certain
assumptions made as a result of the current economic conditions and are adjusted as conditions change to be directionally consistent
with these changes. The unallocated portion of the allowance is composed of factors based on management’s evaluation of
various conditions that are not directly measured in the estimation of probable losses through the experience formula or specific
allowances.
41
The
allowance represents management’s best estimate, [and we believe our estimate has been reasonably accurate in determining
allowance for loan loss adequacy], but significant downturns in circumstances relating to loan quality and economic conditions
could result in a requirement for additional allowance. Likewise, an upturn in loan quality and improved economic conditions may
allow a reduction in the required allowance. In either instance, unanticipated changes could have a significant impact on results
of operations. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance
for loan losses. Such agencies may require us to recognize additions to the allowances based on their judgments about information
available to them at the time of their examination.
Income Taxes, Deferred Tax Assets,
and Deferred Tax Liabilities
We are subject
to the income tax laws of the U.S., its states, and the municipalities in which we operate. These tax laws are complex and subject
to different interpretations by the taxpayer and the relevant government taxing authorities.
Income taxes
are provided for the tax effects of the transactions reported in our consolidated financial statements and consist of taxes currently
due plus deferred taxes related to differences between the tax basis and accounting basis of certain assets and liabilities, including
available-for-sale securities, allowance for loan losses, write-downs of OREO properties, write-downs on premises held-for-sale,
accumulated depreciation, net operating loss carry forwards, accretion income, deferred compensation, intangible assets, and pension
plan and post-retirement benefits. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those
differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred tax
assets and liabilities are reflected at income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities
are expected to be realized or settled. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a
deferred tax asset will not be realized. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are
adjusted through the provision for income taxes.
In establishing
our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our valuation allowance, we must make judgments and
interpretations about the application of these inherently complex tax laws. We must also make estimates about when in the future
certain items will affect taxable income in the various tax jurisdictions. Disputes over interpretations of the tax laws may be
subject to review/adjudication by the court systems of the various tax jurisdictions or may be settled with the taxing authority
upon examination or audit. Although we believe that the judgments and estimates used are reasonable, and we believe our estimates
have been reasonably accurate, actual results could differ, and we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. To
the extent we prevail in matters for which reserves have been established, or are required to pay amounts in excess of our reserves,
our effective income tax rate in a given financial statement period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement
would result in an increase in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would result
in a reduction in our effective income tax rate in the period of resolution.
42
Financial Highlights
| As of or For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands except per share amounts) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Balance Sheet Data: | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,584,508 | $ | 1,395,382 | $ | 1,170,279 | ||||||
| Loans held for sale | 7,120 | 45,020 | 11,155 | |||||||||
| Loans | 863,702 | 844,157 | 737,028 | |||||||||
| Deposits | 1,361,291 | 1,189,413 | 988,201 | |||||||||
| Total common shareholders’ equity | 140,998 | 136,337 | 120,194 | |||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 140,998 | 136,337 | 120,194 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, basic | 7,491 | 7,446 | 7,510 | |||||||||
| Average shares outstanding, diluted | 7,549 | 7,482 | 7,588 | |||||||||
| Results of Operations: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 47,520 | $ | 43,778 | $ | 42,630 | ||||||
| Interest expense | 2,241 | 3,755 | 5,781 | |||||||||
| Net interest income | 45,279 | 40,023 | 36,849 | |||||||||
| Provision for loan losses | 335 | 3,663 | 139 | |||||||||
| Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 44,944 | 36,360 | 36,710 | |||||||||
| Non-interest income | 13,904 | 13,769 | 11,736 | |||||||||
| Non-interest expenses | 39,201 | 37,534 | 34,617 | |||||||||
| Income before taxes | 19,647 | 12,595 | 13,829 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 4,182 | 2,496 | 2,858 | |||||||||
| Net income | 15,466 | 10,099 | 10,971 | |||||||||
| Net income available to common shareholders | 15,466 | 10,099 | 10,971 | |||||||||
| Per Share Data: | ||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | 2.06 | $ | 1.36 | $ | 1.46 | ||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | 2.05 | 1.35 | 1.45 | |||||||||
| Book value at period end | 18.68 | 18.18 | 16.16 | |||||||||
| Tangible book value at period end (non-GAAP) | 16.62 | 16.08 | 13.99 | |||||||||
| Dividends per common share | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.44 | |||||||||
| Asset Quality Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets(3) | 0.09 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.32 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans to period end loans | 0.03 | % | 0.69 | % | 0.31 | % | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans | (0.05 | )% | (0.01 | )% | (0.03 | )% | ||||||
| Allowance for loan losses to period-end total loans | 1.29 | % | 1.23 | % | 0.90 | % | ||||||
| Allowance for loan losses to non-performing assets | 789.98 | % | 148.10 | % | 177.23 | % | ||||||
| Selected Ratios: | ||||||||||||
| Return on average assets | 1.02 | % | 0.78 | % | 0.98 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity: | 11.22 | % | 7.84 | % | 9.38 | % | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP): | 12.65 | % | 8.94 | % | 10.91 | % | ||||||
| Efficiency Ratio (non-GAAP)(1) | 66.09 | % | 69.99 | % | 70.51 | % | ||||||
| Noninterest income to operating revenue(2) | 23.49 | % | 25.60 | % | 24.16 | % | ||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent) | 3.23 | % | 3.37 | % | 3.65 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets | 8.90 | % | 9.77 | % | 10.27 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 8.00 | % | 8.74 | % | 9.02 | % | ||||||
| Tier 1 risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 14.00 | % | 12.83 | % | 13.47 | % | ||||||
| Total risk-based capital (Bank)(4) | 15.80 | % | 13.94 | % | 14.26 | % | ||||||
| Leverage (Bank)(4) | 8.45 | % | 8.84 | % | 9.97 | % | ||||||
| Average loans to average deposits(5) | 68.77 | % | 76.79 | % | 78.65 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | The efficiency ratio is a key performance indicator in our industry. The ratio is calculated by dividing non-interest expense less merger expenses by net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding gains (losses) on sales of securities and other assets, write-downs on premises held-for-sale, non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income, losses on early extinguishment of debt, gains on insurance proceeds, and collection of summary judgments on loans charged-off at a bank we acquired. The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses and net revenue. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (2) | Operating revenue is defined as net interest income plus noninterest income. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (3) | Includes non-accrual loans, loans 90 days delinquent and still accruing interest and other real estate owned (“OREO”). |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (4) | As a small bank holding company, we are generally not subject to the capital requirements at the holding company level unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve; however, our Bank remains subject to capital requirements. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (5) | Includes loans held for sale. |
43
Certain financial information
presented above is determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include “efficiency
ratio,” “tangible book value at period end,” “return on average tangible common equity” and “tangible
common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets.” The “efficiency ratio” is defined as non-interest expense
less merger expenses, divided by the sum of net interest income on a tax equivalent basis and non-interest income, excluding gains
(losses) on sales of securities and other assets, write-downs on premises held-for-sale, non-recurring bank owned life insurance
(BOLI) income, losses on early extinguishment of debt, gains on insurance proceeds, and collection of summary judgments on loans
charged off at a bank we acquired. The efficiency ratio is a measure of the relationship between operating expenses and net revenue.
“Tangible book value at period end” is defined as total equity reduced by recorded intangible assets divided by total
common shares outstanding. “Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets” is defined as total common
equity reduced by recorded intangible assets divided by total assets reduced by recorded intangible assets. Our management believes
that these non-GAAP measures are useful because they enhance the ability of investors and management to evaluate and compare our
operating results from period-to-period in a meaningful manner. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools, and investors
should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.
The table below provides a
reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP for the five years ended December 31:
| Tangible book value per common share | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tangible common equity per common share (non-GAAP) | $ | 16.62 | $ | 16.08 | $ | 13.99 | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 2.06 | 2.10 | 2.17 | |||||||||
| Book value per common share (GAAP) | $ | 18.68 | $ | 18.18 | $ | 16.16 | ||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity | ||||||||||||
| Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) | 12.65 | % | 8.94 | % | 10.91 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | (1.43 | )% | (1.10 | )% | (1.53 | )% | ||||||
| Return on average common equity (GAAP) | 11.22 | % | 7.84 | % | 9.38 | % | ||||||
| Tangible common shareholders’ equity to tangible assets | ||||||||||||
| Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) | 8.00 | % | 8.74 | % | 9.02 | % | ||||||
| Effect to adjust for intangible assets | 0.90 | % | 1.03 | % | 1.25 | % | ||||||
| Common equity to assets (GAAP) | 8.90 | % | 9.77 | % | 10.27 | % |
44
Results of Operations
Year Ended December 31, 2021 and
2020
Our
net income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was $15.5 million, or $2.05 diluted earnings per common share, as compared
to $10.1 million, or $1.35 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The $5.4 million
increase in net income between the two periods is primarily due to a $5.3 million increase in net interest income, a $135 thousand
increase in non-interest income, and a $3.3 million reduction in provision for loan losses partially offset by a $1.7 million
increase in non-interest expense and $1.7 million increase in income tax expense.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $220.3 million in average earning assets partially offset by a 15-basis point decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. The increase in non-interest income is primarily related to increases in investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions of $1.3 million, ATM/debit card income of $412 thousand, rental income of $40 thousand, gain on bank premises held-for-sale of $104 thousand, gain on sale of bank owned land of $13 thousand, gain on insurance proceeds of $24 thousand, and the collection of summary judgments of $147 thousand related to two loans charged off at a bank we acquired, partially offset by lower mortgage loan fees of $1.2 million, lower deposit service charges of $144 thousand, lower loan late charges of $33 thousand, lower gain on sale of securities of $99 thousand, lower gain on sale of other real estate owned of $70 thousand, lower non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income of $311 thousand, and lower recurring BOLI income of $31 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The reduction in provision for loan losses is primarily related to net recoveries of $455 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to net recoveries of $99 thousand during the same period in 2020; and a reduction in the qualitative factors in our allowance for loan losses methodology during 2021 related to the economic uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the change in total past due, rated, and non-accrual loans; partially offset by increases in the qualitative factors for the change in economic conditions and the change in legal or regulatory requirements; and loan growth of $19.5 million including PPP Loans and $60.3 million excluding PPP Loans. We reduced the loss emergence period assumption on our COVID-19 qualitative factor, which was added to our allowance for loan losses methodology during 2020, to 18 months at June 30, 2021 from 24 months at December 31, 2020 due to reductions in the number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in our markets. However, we increased the loss emergence period to 21 months at December 31, 2021 due to the prevalence of the highly transmittable COVID-19 Omicron variant. We partially offset these reductions by increasing our economic conditions qualitative factor by four basis points during 2021 (two basis points at June 30, 2021 and two basis points at September 30, 2021) due to higher inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, and labor shortages in certain industries; and we increased our change in legal or regulatory requirements qualitative factor by one basis point at December 31, 2021 due to the resignation of the Chair of the FDIC on December 31, 2021, which may lead to regulatory changes that negatively affect banks. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee benefits expense of $468 thousand, increased occupancy expense of $238 thousand, increased marketing and public relations expense of $130 thousand, increased FDIC assessment of $214 thousand, increased director fees and benefits of $165 thousand, increased third party broker dealer expenses of $90 thousand related to our higher investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions, and increased ATM/debit card and computer processing expense of $700 thousand partially offset by lower legal and professional fees of $180 thousand and lower amortization of intangibles of $162 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Our effective tax rate was 21.27% during the twelve months of 2021 compared to 19.82% during the same period in 2020. |
45
Year Ended December 31, 2020 and
2019
Our net income
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 was $10.1 million, or $1.35 diluted earnings per common share, as compared to $11.0
million, or $1.45 diluted earnings per common share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. The $872 thousand decrease
in net income between the two periods is primarily due to increases in provision for loan losses expense of $3.5 million and non-interest
expense of $2.9 million, partially offset by an increase in net interest income of $3.2 million, an increase in non-interest income
of $2.0 million, and a decrease in income tax expense of $362 thousand.
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in provision for loan losses is primarily related to an increase in the qualitative factors in our allowance for loan losses methodology related to the deteriorating economic conditions and economic uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest expense is primarily related to increased salaries and employee benefits expense of $2.8 million, FDIC assessments of $347 thousand, other real estate expense of $120 thousand, and data processing expense of $289 thousand, partially offset by a lower equipment expense of $256 thousand and amortization of intangibles of $160 thousand. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in net interest income results from an increase of $180.4 million in average earning assets partially offset by a 28-basis point decline in the net interest margin between the two periods. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | The increase in non-interest income is primarily related to increases in mortgage banking income of $1.0 million, investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions of $699 thousand, gains on sale of securities of $99 thousand, gains on sale of other real estate owned of $147 thousand, non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income of $311 thousand, and ATM debit card income of $197 thousand, partially offset by a $528 thousand decrease in deposit service charges. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| · | Our effective tax rate was 19.82% during the twelve months of 2020 compared to 20.67% during the twelve months of 2019. The $311 thousand in non-recurring BOLI income was recorded as non-taxable income. |
Net Interest Income
Net interest
income is our primary source of revenue. Net interest income is the difference between income earned on assets and interest paid
on deposits and borrowings used to support such assets. Net interest income is determined by the rates earned on our interest-earning
assets and the rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities, and the degree of mismatch and the maturity and repricing characteristics of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing
liabilities.
Year Ended December 31, 2021 and
2020
Net interest
income increased $5.3 million, or 13.1%, to $45.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from $40.0 million for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Our net interest income has been trending up over the last two years as net interest
income totaled $45.3 million in 2021, $40.0 million in 2020, and $36.8 million in 2019. The yield on earning assets was 3.35%,
3.65%, and 4.19% in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.24%, 0.46%, and 0.80%
in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The fully taxable equivalent net interest margin was 3.23% in 2021, 3.37% in 2020, and
3.65% in 2019.
Loans typically
provide a higher yield than other types of earning assets and, thus, one of our goals continues to be growing the loan portfolio
as a percentage of earning assets in order to improve the overall yield on earning assets and the net interest margin. Our average
loan portfolio (including loans held-for-sale) as a percentage of average earning assets was 62.6% in 2021, 69.7% in 2020, and
72.2% in 2019. Loans held-for-investment as a percentage of earning assets declined to 58.2% at December 31, 2021 from 65.1% at
December 31, 2020. Our loan (including loans held-for-sale) to deposit ratio on average during 2021 was 68.8%, as compared to
76.8% during 2020, and 78.7% during 2019. The loan to deposit ratio declined to 64.0% at December 31, 2021 as compared to 74.8%
at December 31, 2020. This decline was due to our deposit growth of $171.9 million exceeding our loan (including loans held-for-sale)
decline of $18.4 million and loan (excluding loans held-for-sale) growth of $19.5 million from December 31, 2020 to December 31,
2021.
46
Our net interest
margin declined by 15 basis points to 3.19% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from 3.34% during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2020. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, was 3.23% for the twelve months ended December
31, 2021 compared to 3.37% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Average earning assets increased $220.3 million, or
18.4%, to $1.4 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $1.2 billion in the same period of 2020. The
increase in net interest income was due to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin.
The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in loans, securities, and other short-term investments primarily due
to Non-PPP loan growth, PPP loans, organic deposit growth, and excess liquidity from PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds
related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline in net interest margin was primarily due to the Federal Reserve reducing the target
range of the federal funds rate twice totaling 150 basis points during the first quarter of 2020 and the excess liquidity generated
from PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic being deployed in lower yielding securities and
other short-term investments. Lower market rates, the competitive loan pricing environment, and the COVID-19 pandemic put downward
pressure on our net interest margin during 2020 and 2021.
The net interest
margin was positively affected by PPP loans and a $140 thousand interest recovery on a non-accrual loan that was successfully
resolved during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. We earned $3.3 million in PPP loan interest income, which includes
$3.0 million in accretion of PPP deferred fees net of deferred costs, on an average balance of $36.8 million during the twelve
months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $1.1 million in PPP loan interest income, which includes $738 thousand in accretion
of PPP deferred loan fees net of deferred costs, on an average balance of $32.3 million during the twelve months ended December
31, 2020. Excluding PPP loans, our net margin declined by 31 basis points to 3.03% during the twelve months ended December 31,
2021 from 3.34% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. Excluding PPP loans, our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent
basis, was 3.07% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 3.37% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020.
Average loans
increased $53.9 million, or 6.5%, to $889.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from $835.1 million for the
same period in 2020. Average PPP loans increased $4.5 million to $36.8 million and average Non-PPP loans increased $49.4 million
to $852.1 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. Average loans represented 62.6% of average earning assets during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 69.7% of average earning assets during the same period in 2020. The decline
in average loans as a percentage of average earning assets was primarily due to increases in deposits of $205.3 million and securities
sold under agreements to repurchase of $12.7 million. The growth in our deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase
was higher than the growth in our loans, which resulted in the excess funds being deployed in our securities portfolio and other
short-term investments and to reduce the amount of our FHLB advances. The yield on loans increased two basis points to 4.46% during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from 4.44% during the same period in 2020. Excluding PPP loans, the yield on Non-PPP
loans declined 22 basis points to 4.26% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from 4.48% during the same period in
2020. The yield on loans during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 also included $140 thousand in interest recoveries on
a non-accrual relationship that was successfully resolved during the third quarter of 2021. The yield on PPP loans was 9.07% during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 3.32% during the same period in 2020. PPP loans declined to $1.5 million
at December 31, 2021 from $42.2 million at December 31, 2020 due to PPP loans forgiven through the SBA PPP forgiveness process.
When PPP loans are forgiven any remaining deferred fees net of deferred costs are recognized in interest income through accelerated
accretion of the deferred fees net of deferred costs. Interest income on PPP loans increased $2.3 million to $3.3 million during
the twelve months of 2021 from $1.1 million during the same period in 2020. The $3.3 million in interest income on PPP loans during
the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 includes $3.0 million in accretion of deferred fees net of deferred costs.
Average securities
and average other short-term investments for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 increased $155.9 million and $10.5 million,
respectively, from the prior year period. The yield on our securities portfolio declined to 1.69% for the twelve months ended
December 31, 2021 from 2.15% for the same period in 2020; and the yield on our other short-term investments declined to 0.18%
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from 0.44% for the same period in 2020. These declines were primarily related to
the Federal Reserve reducing the target range of the federal funds rate as described above. The yield on earning assets for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was 3.35% and 3.65%, respectively. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities was
at 24 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 46 basis points during the same period in 2020.
The cost of deposits,
including demand deposits, was 13 basis points during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to 28 basis points during
the same period in 2020. The cost of funds, including demand deposits, was 16 basis points during the twelve months ended December
31, 2021 compared to 33 basis points during the same period in 2020. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits (demand
deposits, interest-bearing transaction accounts, savings deposits, money market accounts, and IRAs) as these accounts tend to
be low-cost deposits and assist us in controlling our overall cost of funds. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021,
these deposits averaged 90.1% of total deposits as compared to 87.4% during the same period of 2020. This increase was due to
PPP loan proceeds, other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and organic deposit growth.
47
Year Ended December 31, 2020 and
2019
Net interest
income increased $3.2 million, or 8.6%, to $40.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 from $36.8 million for
the twelve months ended December 31, 2019. Our net interest margin declined by 28 basis points to 3.34% during the twelve months
of 2020 from 3.62% during the twelve months of 2019. Our net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, was 3.37% for the
twelve months of 2020 compared to 3.65% for the twelve months of 2019. Average earning assets increased $180.4 million, or 17.7%,
to $1.2 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 as compared to $1.0 billion in the same period of 2019. The increase
in net interest income was primarily due to a higher level of average earning assets partially offset by lower net interest margin.
The increase in average earning assets was due to increases in loans, securities, and other short-term investments primarily due
to Non-PPP loan growth, PPP loans, organic deposit growth, and excess liquidity from PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds
related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline in net interest margin was primarily due to the Federal Reserve reducing the target
range of the federal funds rate three times totaling 75 basis points during 2019 and two times totaling 150 basis points during
the first quarter of 2020, lower yields on PPP loans, and the excess liquidity generated from PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus
funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic being deployed in lower yielding securities and other short-term investments. Lower market
rates, the competitive loan pricing environment, and the COVID-19 pandemic put downward pressure on our net interest margin during
2020.
Average loans
increased $99.7 million, or 13.6%, to $835.1 million for the twelve months of 2020 from $735.3 million for the twelve months of
2019. Average PPP loans increased $32.3 million and average Non-PPP loans increased $67.4 million to $32.3 million and $802.8
million, respectively, for the twelve months of 2020. We had no PPP loans at December 31, 2019. Average loans represented 69.7%
of average earning assets during the twelve months of 2020 compared to 72.2% of average earning assets during the twelve months
of 2019. The decline in average loans as a percentage of average earning assets was primarily due to increases in deposits of
$152.5 million and securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $14.1 million. The growth in our deposits and securities
sold under agreements to repurchase was higher than the growth in our loans, which resulted in the excess funds being deployed
in our securities portfolio and other short-term investments and to reduce our Federal Home Loan Bank advances. The yield on loans
declined 38 basis points to 4.44% in the twelve months of 2020 from 4.82% in the twelve months of 2019. The yield on PPP loans
was 3.32% and the yield on Non-PPP loans was 4.48% in the twelve months of 2020. Average securities and average other short-term
investments for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 increased $43.3 million and $37.3 million, respectively, from the prior
year period.
The yield on
our securities portfolio declined to 2.15% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 from 2.58% for the same period in 2019
while the yield on our other short-term investments declined to 0.44% for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 from 2.14%
for the same period in 2019. These declines were primarily related to the Federal Reserve reducing the target range of the federal
funds rate as described above. The yield on earning assets for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 3.65% and
4.19%, respectively. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities was at 46 basis points in the twelve months of 2020 compared to
80 basis points in the twelve months of 2019. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits (demand deposits, interest-bearing
transaction accounts, savings deposits and money market accounts) as these accounts tend to be low-cost deposits and assist us
in controlling our overall cost of funds. In the twelve months of 2020, these deposits averaged 84.7% of total deposits as compared
to 81.1% in the same period of 2019.
48
Average Balances,
Income Expenses and Rates. The following table depicts, for the periods indicated, certain information related to our average
balance sheet and our average yields on assets and average costs of liabilities. Such yields are derived by dividing income or
expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. Average balances have been derived from daily averages.
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | Average Balance | Income/ Expense | Yield/ Rate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PPP loans | $ | 36,837 | $ | 3,340 | 9.07 | % | $ | 32,312 | $ | 1,073 | 3.32 | % | $ | — | $ | — | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-PPP loans | 852,136 | 36,331 | 4.26 | % | 802,779 | 35,964 | 4.48 | % | 735,343 | 35,447 | 4.82 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans(1) | $ | 888,973 | $ | 39,671 | 4.46 | % | $ | 835,091 | $ | 37,037 | 4.44 | % | $ | 735,343 | $ | 35,447 | 4.82 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-Taxable Securities | 425,523 | 6,993 | 1.64 | % | 286,979 | 6,102 | 2.13 | % | 254,364 | 6,549 | 2.57 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxable Securities | 31,282 | 726 | 2.32 | % | 13,915 | 363 | 2.61 | % | 3,223 | 87 | 2.70 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Int Bearing Deposits in Other Banks | 72,823 | 130 | 0.18 | % | 62,313 | 275 | 0.44 | % | 24,860 | 532 | 2.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Sold | 564 | 0 | 0.00 | % | 590 | 1 | 0.14 | % | 720 | 15 | 2.13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 1,419,165 | 47,520 | 3.35 | % | 1,198,887 | 43,778 | 3.65 | % | 1,018,510 | 42,630 | 4.19 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 23,668 | 15,552 | 14,362 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premises and equipment | 33,780 | 34,769 | 35,893 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets | 15,649 | 15,922 | 16,376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 38,846 | 39,541 | 37,513 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | (10,750 | ) | (8,590 | ) | (6,437 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,520,358 | $ | 1,296,081 | $ | 1,116,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | $ | 303,633 | $ | 196 | 0.06 | % | $ | 246,385 | $ | 284 | 0.12 | % | $ | 208,750 | $ | 591 | 0.28 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 273,005 | 471 | 0.17 | % | 217,018 | 820 | 0.38 | % | 181,695 | 1,690 | 0.93 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 134,980 | 78 | 0.06 | % | 113,255 | 84 | 0.07 | % | 104,236 | 138 | 0.13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 158,053 | 995 | 0.63 | % | 166,791 | 1,833 | 1.10 | % | 176,243 | 2,139 | 1.21 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fed Funds Purchased | 0 | 0 | 2.14 | % | 7 | 0 | 0.61 | % | 38 | 1 | 3.07 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase | 62,194 | 85 | 0.14 | % | 49,537 | 190 | 0.38 | % | 34,229 | 385 | 1.12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Short-Term Debt | 0 | 0 | 0.18 | % | 2,020 | 8 | 0.39 | % | 3,196 | 76 | 2.39 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Long-Term Debt | 14,964 | 416 | 2.78 | % | 14,964 | 536 | 3.58 | % | 14,964 | 760 | 5.08 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 946,829 | $ | 2,241 | 0.24 | % | $ | 809,977 | $ | 3,755 | 0.46 | % | $ | 723,351 | $ | 5,781 | 0.80 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposits | 423,056 | 343,999 | 264,017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 12,607 | 13,242 | 11,869 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | $ | 137,866 | $ | 128,863 | $ | 116,980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 1,520,358 | $ | 1,296,081 | $ | 1,116,217 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest spread | 3.11 | % | 3.19 | % | 3.39 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income/margin | $ | 45,279 | 3.19 | % | $ | 40,023 | 3.34 | % | $ | 36,849 | 3.62 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (tax equivalent)(3) | $ | 45,776 | 3.23 | % | $ | 40,413 | 3.37 | % | $ | 37,208 | 3.65 | % |
| (1) | All loans and deposits are domestic. Average loan balances include non-accrual loans and loans held for sale. |
|---|---|
| (3) | Based on a 21.0% marginal tax rate. |
49
The following
table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense attributable to changes in volume and the
amount attributable to changes in rate. The combined effect related to volume and rate which cannot be separately identified,
has been allocated proportionately, to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
| 2021 versus 2020 Increase (decrease) due to | 2020 versus 2019 Increase (decrease) due to | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Net | Volume | Rate | Net | ||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 2,403 | $ | 231 | $ | 2,634 | $ | 3,872 | $ | (2,282 | ) | $ | 1,590 | |||||||||||
| Investment securities | 2,133 | (879 | ) | 1,254 | (13,452 | ) | 13,281 | (171 | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Other short-term investments | 57 | (203 | ) | (146 | ) | (595 | ) | 324 | (271 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 6,826 | (3,084 | ) | 3,742 | 4,105 | (2,957 | ) | 1,148 | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing transaction accounts | 98 | (186 | ) | (88 | ) | 134 | (441 | ) | (307 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 315 | (664 | ) | (349 | ) | 424 | (1,294 | ) | (870 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 40 | (46 | ) | (6 | ) | 13 | (67 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | (92 | ) | (746 | ) | (838 | ) | (111 | ) | (195 | ) | (306 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other short-term borrowings | 148 | (381 | ) | (233 | ) | 510 | (999 | ) | (489 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 798 | (2,312 | ) | (1,514 | ) | 808 | (2,834 | ) | (2,026 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 5,256 | $ | 3,174 |
Market Risk and Interest
Rate Sensitivity
Market risk reflects
the risk of economic loss resulting from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. The risk of loss can be measured
in either diminished current market values or reduced current and potential net income. Our primary market risk is interest rate
risk. We have established an Asset/Liability Management Committee (the “ALCO”) to monitor and manage interest rate
risk. The ALCO monitors and manages the pricing and maturity of our assets and liabilities in order to diminish the potential
adverse impact that changes in interest rates could have on our net interest income. The ALCO has established policy guidelines
and strategies with respect to interest rate risk exposure and liquidity.
We employ
a monitoring technique to measure of our interest sensitivity “gap,” which is the positive or negative dollar difference
between assets and liabilities that are subject to interest rate repricing within a given period of time. Simulation modeling
is performed to assess the impact varying interest rates and balance sheet mix assumptions will have on net interest income. We
model the impact on net interest income for several different changes, to include a flattening, steepening and parallel shift
in the yield curve. For each of these scenarios, we model the impact on net interest income in an increasing and decreasing rate
environment of 100 and 200 basis points. We also periodically stress certain assumptions such as loan prepayment rates, deposit
decay rates and interest rate betas to evaluate our overall sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Policies have been established
in an effort to maintain the maximum anticipated negative impact of these modeled changes in net interest income at no more than
10% and 15%, respectively, in a 100 and 200 basis point change in interest rates over a 12-month period. Interest rate sensitivity
can be managed by repricing assets or liabilities, selling securities available-for-sale, replacing an asset or liability at maturity
or by adjusting the interest rate during the life of an asset or liability. Managing the amount of assets and liabilities repricing
in the same time interval helps to hedge the risk and minimize the impact on net interest income of rising or falling interest
rates. Neither the “gap” analysis or asset/liability modeling are precise indicators of our interest sensitivity position
due to the many factors that affect net interest income including, the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes
as well as changes in the volume and mix of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
50
The following
table illustrates our interest rate sensitivity at December 31, 2021.
Interest Sensitivity Analysis
| (Dollars in thousands) | Within One Year | One to Three Years | Three to Five Years | Over Five Years | Total | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Earning assets | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(1) | $ | 313,271 | $ | 244,479 | $ | 155,205 | $ | 139,302 | $ | 852,257 | ||||||||||
| Loans Held for Sale | 7,120 | — | — | — | 7,120 | |||||||||||||||
| Securities(2) | 247,558 | 36,738 | 46,758 | 211,551 | 542,605 | |||||||||||||||
| Federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and other earning assets | 46,299 | — | — | — | 46,299 | |||||||||||||||
| Total earning assets | 614,248 | 281,217 | 201,963 | 350,853 | 1,448,281 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest bearing deposits | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking accounts | 131,551 | — | — | 643,143 | 774,694 | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 182,068 | — | — | 105,351 | 287,419 | |||||||||||||||
| Savings deposits | 39,890 | — | — | 105,506 | 145,396 | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits | 117,612 | 28,279 | 7,789 | 100 | 153,780 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing deposits | 471,121 | 28,279 | 7,789 | 854,100 | 1,361,289 | |||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 69,180 | — | — | — | 69,180 | |||||||||||||||
| Total interest-bearing liabilities | 540,301 | 28,279 | 7,789 | 854,100 | 1,430,469 | |||||||||||||||
| Period gap | $ | 73,947 | $ | 252,938 | $ | 194,174 | $ | (403,830 | ) | $ | 117,229 | |||||||||
| Cumulative gap | $ | 73,947 | $ | 326,885 | $ | 521,059 | $ | 117,229 | $ | 117,229 | ||||||||||
| Ratio of cumulative gap to total earning assets | 8.82 | % | 36.50 | % | 47.48 | % | 123.92 | % | 186.21 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Loans classified as non-accrual as of December 31, 2021 are not included in the balances. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (2) | Securities based on amortized cost. |
Based
on the many factors and assumptions used in simulating the effect of changes in interest rates, the following table estimates
the hypothetical percentage change in net interest income at December 31, 2021 and 2020 over the subsequent 12 months. At December
31, 2021, we are asset sensitive. As a result, our modeling reflects an increase in net interest income in a rising interest rate
environment and a reduction in net interest income in a declining interest rate environment. In a declining rate environment,
the decline in net interest income is primarily due to the current level of interest rates being paid on our interest bearing
transaction accounts as well as money market accounts. The interest rates on these accounts are at a level where they cannot be
repriced in proportion to the change in interest rates. The increase and decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, respectively, reflected
in the table below assume a simultaneous and parallel change in interest rates along the entire yield curve.
Net
Interest Income Sensitivity
| Change in short-term interest rates | Hypothetical percentage change in net interest income December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| +200bp | 3.04 | % | -0.73 | % | ||||
| +100bp | 2.12 | % | +0.08 | % | ||||
| Flat | — | — | ||||||
| -100bp | -5.12 | % | -3.37 | % | ||||
| -200bp | -9.81 | % | -3.58 | % |
During the second 12-month period
after 100 basis point and 200 basis point simultaneous and parallel increases in interest rates along the entire yield curve,
our net interest income is projected to increase 7.82% and 15.00%, respectively.
51
We perform a
valuation analysis projecting future cash flows from assets and liabilities to determine the Present Value of Equity (“PVE”)
over a range of changes in market interest rates. The sensitivity of PVE to changes in interest rates is a measure of the sensitivity
of earnings over a longer time horizon. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the PVE exposure in a plus 200 basis point increase in
market interest rates was estimated to be 9.73% and 11.47%, respectively. The PVE exposure in a down 100 basis point decrease
was estimated to be (9.86)% at December 31, 2021 compared to (14.32)% at December 31, 2020.
Provision and Allowance
for Loan Losses
We account for
our allowance for loan losses under the incurred loss model. At December 31, 2021, the allowance for loan losses was $11.2 million,
or 1.29% of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale), compared to $10.4 million, or 1.23% of total loans (excluding loans held-for-sale)
at December 31, 2020. Excluding PPP loans and loans held-for-sale, the allowance for loan losses was 1.30% of total loans at December
31, 2021 compared to 1.30% of total loans at December 31, 2020. The increase in the allowance for loan losses compared to December
31, 2020 is primarily related to loan growth of $19.5 million; $455 thousand in net recoveries; an increase in our economic conditions
qualitative factor by four basis points during 2021 due to higher inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, and labor shortages in
certain industries; and a one basis point increase in our change in legal or regulatory requirements qualitative factor. These
increases were partially offset by a reduction in the loss emergence period assumption on our COVID-19 qualitative factor, which
was added to our allowance for loan losses methodology during 2020, to 21 months at December 31, 2021 from 24 months at December
31, 2020. At June 30, 2021, we reduced the loss emergence period in the COVID-19 qualitative factor to 18 months from 24 months
due to a reduction in the number of COVID-19 related cases, hospitalizations, and deaths within our markets. However, we increased
the loss emergence period to 21 months at December 31, 2021 due to the prevalence of the highly transmittable COVID-19 Omicron
variant.
Loans that we
acquired in our acquisition of Cornerstone Bancorp, otherwise referred to herein as Cornerstone, in 2017 as well as in our acquisition
of Savannah River Financial Corp., otherwise referred to herein as Savannah River, in 2014 are accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30.
These acquired loans were initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred
over the life of the loans. The credit component on loans related to cash flows not expected to be collected is not subsequently
accreted (non-accretable difference) into interest income. Any remaining portion representing the excess of a loan’s or
pool’s cash flows expected to be collected over the fair value is accreted (accretable difference) into interest income.
At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the remaining credit component on loans attributable to acquired loans in the Cornerstone
and Savannah River transactions was $130 thousand and $264 thousand, respectively.
Our provision
for loan losses was $335 thousand for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $3.7 million during the same period
in 2020. The decline in the provision for loan losses is primarily related to an increase during the twelve months of 2020 in
the qualitative factors in our allowance for loan losses methodology related to the deteriorating economic conditions and economic
uncertainties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. As discussed above, during the twelve months of 2020, we added a qualitative factor
for the COVID-19 pandemic to our allowance for loan losses methodology. This new qualitative factor was based on the dollar amount
of our deferrals and a one-year loss emergence period based on the highest period of annual historical loss rate since the Bank’s
inception. As the pandemic worsened, we added our exposure to certain industry segments most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic
(hotels, restaurants, assisted living, and retail) to the COVID-19 qualitative factor and we extended the loss emergence period
to two years based on the highest two periods of annual historical loss rates since the Bank’s inception. At December 31,
2021, the COVID-19 qualitative factor represented $1.9 million of our allowance for loan losses.
We also recognized
$455 thousand in net recoveries during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021. These items were partially offset by $19.5 million
in loan growth; a four basis points increase (two basis points at June 30, 2021 and two basis points at September 30, 2021) in
our qualitative factor related to economic conditions due to an increase in inflation, supply chain bottlenecks, and labor shortages
in our markets; and a one basis point increase in our change in legal or regulatory requirements qualitative factor at December
31, 2021 due to the resignation of the Chair of the FDIC on December 31, 2021, which may lead to regulatory changes that negatively
affect banks.
52
The allowance
for loan losses represents an amount which we believe will be adequate to absorb probable losses on existing loans that may become
uncollectible. Our judgment as to the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is based on assumptions about future events, which
we believe to be reasonable, but which may or may not prove to be accurate. Our determination of the allowance for loan losses
is based on evaluations of the collectability of loans, including consideration of factors such as the balance of impaired loans,
the quality, mix, and size of our overall loan portfolio, the knowledge and depth of lending personnel, economic conditions (local
and national) that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, the amount and quality of collateral securing the loans,
our historical loan loss experience, and a review of specific problem loans. We also consider qualitative factors such as changes
in the lending policies and procedures, changes in the local or national economies, changes in volume or type of credits, changes
in volume/severity of problem loans, quality of loan review and board of director oversight, and concentrations of credit. We
charge recognized losses to the allowance and add subsequent recoveries back to the allowance for loan losses. There can be no
assurance that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for loan losses as estimated at any point
in time or that provisions for loan losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period, especially considering the
uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
We perform an
analysis quarterly to assess the risk within the loan portfolio. The portfolio is segregated into similar risk components for
which historical loss ratios are calculated and adjusted for identified changes in current portfolio characteristics. Historical
loss ratios are calculated by product type and by regulatory credit risk classification (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements). The annualized weighted average loss ratios over the last 36 months for loans classified as substandard, special
mention and pass have been approximately 0.18%, 0.03% and 0.00%, respectively. The allowance consists of an allocated and unallocated
allowance. The allocated portion is determined by types and ratings of loans within the portfolio. The unallocated portion of
the allowance is established for losses that exist in the remainder of the portfolio and compensates for uncertainty in estimating
the loan losses. The allocated portion of the allowance is based on historical loss experience as well as certain qualitative
factors as explained above. The qualitative factors have been established based on certain assumptions made as a result of the
current economic conditions and are adjusted as conditions change to be directionally consistent with these changes. The unallocated
portion of the allowance is composed of factors based on management’s evaluation of various conditions that are not directly
measured in the estimation of probable losses through the experience formula or specific allowances. The overall risk as measured
in our three-year lookback, both quantitatively and qualitatively, does not encompass a full economic cycle. Net charge-offs in
the 2009 to 2011 period averaged 63 basis points annualized in our loan portfolio. Over the most recent three-year period, our
net charge-offs have experienced a modest net recovery. We currently believe the unallocated portion of our allowance represents
potential risk associated throughout a full economic cycle; however, the COVID-19 pandemic and the government and economic responses
thereto may materially affect the risk within our loan portfolios.
We have a significant
portion of our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020,
approximately 90.9% and 87.5%, respectively, of the loan portfolio had real estate collateral. The increase in the percent of
our loan portfolio with real estate as the underlying collateral is due to a $46.1 million increase in loans with real estate
as the underlying collateral and a $40.8 million decline in PPP loans, which declined to $1.5 million at December 31, 2021 from
$42.2 at December 31, 2020. When loans, whether commercial or personal, are granted, they are based on the borrower’s ability
to generate repayment cash flows from income sources sufficient to service the debt. Real estate is generally taken to reinforce
the likelihood of the ultimate repayment and as a secondary source of repayment. We work closely with all our borrowers that experience
cash flow or other economic problems, and we believe that we have the appropriate processes in place to monitor and identify problem
credits. There can be no assurance that charge-offs of loans in future periods will not exceed the allowance for loan losses as
estimated at any point in time or that provisions for loan losses will not be significant to a particular accounting period. The
allowance is also subject to examination and testing for adequacy by regulatory agencies, which may consider such factors as the
methodology used to determine adequacy and the size of the allowance relative to that of peer institutions. Such regulatory agencies
could require us to adjust our allowance based on information available to them at the time of their examination.
The non-performing
asset ratio was 0.09% of total assets with the nominal level of $1.4 million in non-performing assets at December 31, 2021 compared
to 0.50% and $7.0 million at December 31, 2020. The decline in the non-performing asset ratio was related to the successful resolution
of several non-accrual and accruing loans past due of 90 days or more. Non-accrual loans declined $4.3 million to $250 thousand
at December 31, 2021 from $4.6 million at December 31, 2020. Accruing loans past due 90 days or more declined to none at December
31, 2021 from $1.3 million at December 31, 2020. Loans past due 30 days or more represented 0.03% of the loan portfolio at December
31, 2021 compared to 0.23% at December 31, 2020. The ratio of classified loans plus OREO and repossessed assets declined
to 6.27% of total bank regulatory risk-based capital at December 31, 2021 from 6.89% at December 31, 2020.
53
We continue to
monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our customer base of local businesses and professionals. There were seven loans
totaling $250 thousand (0.03% of total loans) included on non-performing status (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days and
still accruing) at December 31, 2021. All seven of these loans were on non-accrual status. The largest loan included on non-accrual
status is in the amount of $103 thousand. The average balance of the remaining six loans on non-accrual status is approximately $25
thousand with a range between $3 and $87 thousand, and the majority of these loans are secured by first mortgage liens. Furthermore,
we had $1.4 million in accruing trouble debt restructurings, or TDRs, at December 31, 2021 compared to $1.6 million at December 31,
2020. We consider a loan impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect
all amounts due, including both principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Nonaccrual loans
and accruing TDRs are considered impaired. At December 31, 2021, we had 10 impaired loans totaling $1.7 million compared to 23
impaired loans totaling $6.1 million at December 31, 2020. These loans were measured for impairment under the fair value of
collateral method or present value of expected cash flows method. For collateral dependent loans, the fair value of collateral
method is used and the fair value is determined by an independent appraisal less estimated selling costs. At December 31, 2021, we
had loans totaling $235 thousand that were delinquent 30 days to 89 days representing 0.03% of total loans compared to $665 thousand
or 0.08% of total loans at December 31, 2020.
Beginning in
March 2020, we proactively offered payment deferrals for up to 90 days to our loan customers regardless of the impact of the pandemic
on their business or personal finances. As a result of payments being resumed at the conclusion of their payment deferral
period, loans in which payments were being deferred decreased from the peak of $206.9 million to $175.0 million at June 30, 2020,
to $27.3 million at September 30, 2020, to $16.1 million at December 31, 2020, to $8.7 million at March 31, 2021, to $4.5 million
at June 30, 2021, to $4.1 million at September 30, 2021, and to zero at December 31, 2021. We had no loans on which payments have
been deferred at December 31, 2021 compared to $16.1 million at December 31, 2020. The $16.1 million in deferrals at December
31, 2020 consisted of seven loans on which only principal was being deferred. Our management continuously monitors non-performing,
classified and past due loans to identify deterioration regarding the condition of these loans and given the ongoing and uncertain
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we will continue to monitor our loan portfolio for potential risks.
54
The following
table summarizes the activity related to our allowance for loan losses.
Allowance for Loan Losses
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average loans outstanding (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 871,551 | $ | 806,583 | $ | 726,279 | ||||||
| Loans outstanding at period end (excluding loans held-for-sale) | $ | 863,702 | $ | 844,157 | $ | 737,028 | ||||||
| Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 250 | $ | 4,562 | $ | 2,329 | ||||||
| Loans past due 90 days and still accruing | $ | — | $ | 1,260 | $ | — | ||||||
| Beginning balance of allowance | $ | 10,389 | $ | 6,627 | $ | 6,263 | ||||||
| Loans charged-off: | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgage | — | — | 12 | |||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | — | 2 | ||||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | 110 | 1 | — | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | — | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Commercial | — | — | 12 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 72 | 107 | 107 | |||||||||
| Overdrafts | — | — | 13 | |||||||||
| Total loans charged-off | 182 | 110 | 145 | |||||||||
| Recoveries: | ||||||||||||
| 1-4 family residential mortgage | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate - Construction | — | 2 | — | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Residential | 10 | — | 307 | |||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage - Commercial | 473 | 23 | 15 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Home equity | 69 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||
| Commercial | 39 | 130 | 43 | |||||||||
| Consumer - Other | 46 | 52 | 2 | |||||||||
| Total recoveries | 637 | 209 | 370 | |||||||||
| Net loans recovered (charged off) | 455 | 99 | 225 | |||||||||
| Provision for loan losses | 335 | 3,663 | 139 | |||||||||
| Balance at period end | $ | 11,179 | $ | 10,389 | $ | 6,627 | ||||||
| Net charge -offs (recoveries) to average loans and loans held for sale | (0.05 | )% | (0.01 | )% | (0.03 | )% | ||||||
| Allowance as percent of total loans | 1.29 | % | 1.23 | % | 0.90 | % | ||||||
| Non-performing loans as% of total loans | 0.09 | % | 0.50 | % | 0.31 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as% of non-performing loans | 4,471.60 | % | 178.23 | % | 285.54 | % | ||||||
| Nonaccrual loans as% of total loans | 0.03 | % | 0.54 | % | 0.32 | % | ||||||
| Allowance as % of nonaccrual loans | 4,473.93 | % | 227.79 | % | 284.56 | % |
55
The following
table details net charge-offs to average loans outstanding by loan category for the years ended December 31,
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial, financial & agricultural | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (39 | ) | $ | (130 | ) | $ | 9 | ||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 98,301 | $ | 82,191 | $ | 53,589 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.04 | )% | (0.16 | )% | 0.02 | % | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 98,196 | $ | 86,089 | $ | 60,873 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | ||||||
| Mortgage-residential | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (10 | ) | $ | — | $ | 12 | |||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 42,880 | $ | 46,024 | $ | 49,358 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.02 | )% | 0.00 | % | 0.02 | % | ||||||
| Mortgage-commercial | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (363 | ) | $ | (22 | ) | $ | (307 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 597,721 | $ | 555,090 | $ | 523,577 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.06 | )% | 0.00 | % | (0.06 | )% | ||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home Equity | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (69 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | $ | (14 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 26,399 | $ | 27,904 | $ | 29,146 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.26 | )% | (0.01 | )% | (0.05 | )% | ||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | 26 | $ | 55 | $ | 75 | ||||||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 8,054 | $ | 9,286 | $ | 9,736 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | 0.32 | % | 0.59 | % | 0.77 | % | ||||||
| Total: | ||||||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries) | $ | (455 | ) | $ | (99 | ) | $ | (225 | ) | |||
| Average loans for the year | $ | 871,551 | $ | 806,583 | $ | 726,279 | ||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)/average loans | (0.05 | )% | (0.01 | )% | (0.03 | )% |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Average loans exclude loans held for sale |
56
The following
table presents an allocation of the allowance for loan losses at the end of each of the past three years. The allocation is calculated
on an approximate basis and is not necessarily indicative of future losses or allocations. The entire amount is available to absorb
losses occurring in any category of loans.
Allocation of the Allowance for
Loan Losses
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Amount | % of loans in category | Amount | % of loans in category | Amount | % of loans in category | ||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial, Financial and Agricultural | $ | 853 | 8.1 | % | $ | 778 | 8.0 | % | $ | 427 | 7.3 | % | ||||||||||||
| Real Estate Construction | 113 | 1.1 | % | 145 | 1.5 | % | 111 | 1.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Real Estate Mortgage: | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 8,570 | 81.2 | % | 7,855 | 80.4 | % | 4,602 | 78.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential | 893 | 8.4 | % | 865 | 8.8 | % | 607 | 10.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 126 | 1.2 | % | 125 | 1.3 | % | 97 | 1.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Unallocated | 624 | N/A | 621 | N/A | 783 | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 11,179 | 100.0 | % | $ | 10,389 | 100.0 | % | $ | 6,627 | 100.0 | % |
Loans
acquired in the Cornerstone transaction are excluded from our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance as they were measured
at fair value at acquisition. The assumptions used in this evaluation included a credit component and an interest rate component.
These loans amounted to approximately $9.5 million and $16.7 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Accrual
of interest is discontinued on loans when we believe, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts
that a borrower’s financial condition is such that the collection of interest is doubtful. A delinquent loan is generally
placed in nonaccrual status when it becomes 90 days or more past due. At the time a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest,
which has been accrued on the loan but remains unpaid, is reversed and deducted from earnings as a reduction of reported interest
income. No additional interest is accrued on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably
certain.
Non-interest Income and
Expense
Non-interest
Income. A significant source of noninterest income is service charges on deposit accounts. We also originate and sell residential
loans on a servicing released basis in the secondary market. These loans are originated
in our name. The loans have locked in price commitments to be purchased by investors at the time of closing. Therefore, these
loans present very little market risk for us. We typically deliver to, and receive funding from, the investor within 30 days.
Other sources of noninterest income are derived from investment advisory fees and commissions on non-deposit investment products,
ATM/debit card fees, commissions on check sales, safe deposit box rent, wire transfer and official check fees.
Non-interest
income during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was $13.9 million compared to $13.8 million during the same period in
2020. Deposit service charges declined $144 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to the same period
in 2020 primarily due to lower overdraft fees. Mortgage banking income declined by $1.2 million to $4.3 million during the twelve
months ended December 31, 2021 from $5.6 million during the same period in 2020 due to a reduction in mortgage production partially
offset by an increase in the gain-on-sale margin. Mortgage production during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 was $142.1
million compared to $199.3 million during the same period in 2020. The gain on sale margin was 3.04% in the twelve months ended
December 31, 2021 compared to 2.79% during the same period in 2020. The gain on sale margin was limited during 2020 and the first
quarter of 2021 as we worked on certain loans not yet sold, in an effort to resolve processing and delivery issues. We anticipate
the future gain-on-sale margin will be approximately 3.25%.
Investment advisory
fees increased $1.3 million to $4.0 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from $2.7 million during the same period
in 2020. Total assets under management increased to $650.9 million at December 31, 2021 compared to $501.6 million at December 31, 2020
due to both organic growth and higher equity markets. Management continues to focus on increasing both the mortgage banking income as
well as the investment advisory fees and commissions.
57
We had no gain
on sale of securities during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $99 thousand during the same period in 2020.
We had a (i)$13 thousand gain on the sale of bank owned land during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to zero
during the prior year period; (ii)$104 thousand gain on the sale of bank premises held-for-sale during the twelve months ended
December 31, 2021 compared to zero during the prior year period; and (iii) $77 thousand gain on sale of other real estate owned
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $147 thousand during the prior year period. Other non-recurring income
includes a $24 thousand gain on insurance proceeds during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to zero during the
prior year period; $147 thousand received from the collection of summary judgments during the twelve months ended December 31,
2021 related to two loans charged off at a bank we acquired; $311 thousand in non-recurring bank owned life insurance (BOLI) income
during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The $311 thousand in non-recurring BOLI income was due to insurance benefits
on two former members of the boards of directors of acquired banks who passed away during the third quarter of 2020.
Non-interest
income, other increased $434 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 primarily
due increases in ATM debit card income of $412 thousand and rental income of $40 thousand partially offset by lower recurring
BOLI income of $31 thousand and lower loan late charges of $33 thousand.
Non-interest
income was $13.8 million in 2020 as compared to $11.7 million during the same period in 2019. Deposit service charges decreased
$528 thousand during the twelve months of 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 primarily due to customers holding higher
balances in their deposit accounts due to proceeds from PPP loans and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Mortgage
banking income increased by $1.0 million from $4.6 million in 2019 to $5.6 million in 2020. Mortgage production including loans
held-for-sale and portfolio loans in 2020 was $199.3 million as compared to $139.7 million in the same period of 2019. With the
decline in mortgage interest rates, refinance activity increased during 2020 and represented 55.5% of production. The gain on
sale margin declined to 2.79% from 3.26% due to disruptions in the mortgage market causing certain loans not to be sold. As capacity
rebuilds, this issue will be mitigated. Investment advisory fees increased $699 thousand to $2.7 million in 2020 from $2.0 million
in 2019. Total assets under management, or AUM, were $502 million at December 31, 2020 as compared to $370 million at December
31, 2019. Management continues to focus on increasing both the mortgage banking income as well as the investment advisory fees
and commissions. Gain on sale of securities was $99 thousand in 2020 compared to $136 thousand in 2019. Gain on sale of other
assets was $147 thousand in 2020 compared to a $3 thousand loss on sale of other assets in 2019. The $147 thousand gain on sale
of other assets in 2020 is primarily due to the sale of an other real estate owned property. The $311 thousand in non-recurring
BOLI income was due to insurance benefits on two former members of the boards of directors of acquired banks who passed away during
the third quarter of 2020. Noninterest income other increased $154 thousand to $3.8 million in 2020 from $3.7 million in 2019
primarily due to increases in ATM debit card income and recurring BOLI income.
The following
table sets forth for the periods indicated the primary components of other noninterest income:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| ATM debit card income | $ | 2,669 | $ | 2,257 | $ | 2,060 | |||||
| Recurring income on bank owned life insurance | 693 | 724 | 687 | ||||||||
| Rental income | 311 | 271 | 291 | ||||||||
| Loan late charges | 68 | 101 | 124 | ||||||||
| Safe deposit fees | 59 | 55 | 56 | ||||||||
| Wire transfer fees | 118 | 93 | 81 | ||||||||
| Other | 330 | 313 | 361 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 4,248 | $ | 3,814 | $ | 3,660 |
Non-interest
Expense. In the very competitive financial services industry, we recognize the need to place a great deal of emphasis on expense
management and continually evaluate and monitor growth in discretionary expense categories in order to control future increases.
Non-interest expense
increased $1.7 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 to $39.2 million compared to $37.5 million during the same period
in 2020. Salary and benefit expense increased $468 thousand to $24.5 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 from $24.0
million during the same period in 2020. This increase is primarily a result of the normal salary adjustments and increased financial
planning and investment advisory commissions. We had 250 employees at December 31, 2021 compared to 244 at December
31, 2020. Occupancy expense increased $238 thousand to $2.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $2.7
million during the same period in 2020. Marketing and public relations expense increased $130 thousand to $1.2 million during the twelve
months ended December 31, 2021 from $1.0 million during the same period in 2020 due to the production of new ad campaigns and related
creative materials. FDIC assessments increased $214 thousand due to a higher assessment rate in 2021 related to a decrease in our leverage
ratio and an increase in our assessment base due to higher average assets as well as $39 thousand of small bank assessment credits utilized
in the twelve months ended December 31, 2020. The reduction in our leverage ratio and the increase in our assessment base were partially
related to PPP loans and the excess liquidity generated from PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Furthermore, we received FDIC small bank assessment credits during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 compared to none during
the same period in 2021. The FDIC small bank assessment credits were fully utilized during the first quarter of 2020. Other real estate
expense declined $96 thousand to $105 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $201 thousand during the
same period in 2020. Amortization of intangibles declined $162 thousand to $201 thousand during the twelve months ended December 31,
2021 compared to $363 thousand during the same period in 2020.
58
Non-interest
expense, other increased $816 thousand during the 12 months ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020 primarily
due to increased director fees and benefits of $165 thousand, increased third party broker dealer expenses of $90 thousand related
to our higher investment advisory fees and non-deposit commissions, and increased ATM/debit card and computer processing expense
of $700 thousand due to higher ATM/debit card transactions, which resulted in higher income and expense, partially offset by lower
legal and professional fees of $180 thousand.
Non-interest
expense increased $2.9 million to $37.5 million in 2020 from $34.6 million in 2019 primarily due to increases in salaries and
benefits expense, FDIC assessments, other real estate owned expense, data processing expense, insurance, legal and professional
fees, and COVID-19 related expenses partially offset by lower equipment expense, marketing and public relations, amortization
of intangibles, telephone expense, subscriptions, and loss on limited partnership interest. Salary and benefit expense increased
$2.8 million from $21.2 million in 2019 to $24.0 million in 2020 primarily due to increased production and new hires in the mortgage
line of business, normal salary adjustments, temporary bonuses related to the COVID-19 pandemic paid to certain employees, and
the opening of our full-service de novo office in June 2019 in Evans, Georgia in Columbia County, a suburb of Augusta, Georgia,
which was partially offset by a reduction in salaries and benefits related to deferred origination costs on PPP loans originated
in 2020. We had 244 full time equivalent employees at December 31, 2020 compared to 237 at December 31, 2019. Furthermore, we
incurred COVID-19 related expenses in occupancy expense for additional cleaning of our offices and personal protective equipment
for our employees and offices and in equipment expense for laptops and other technology to promote a remote work environment.
FDIC assessments increased $347 thousand due to a higher assessment rate in 2020 related to a reduction in our leverage ratio
and an increase in our assessment base due to higher average assets. Both the reduction in our leverage ratio and the increase
in our assessment base were partially related to PPP loans and the excess liquidity generated from PPP loan proceeds and other
stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we received more FDIC small bank assessment credits during the twelve
months in 2019 compared to the twelve months in 2020. The FDIC small bank assessment credits were fully utilized during the first
quarter of 2020. Other real estate owned expense increased $120 thousand in 2020 compared to 2019 primarily due to write-downs
on several other real estate owned properties.
Non-interest
expense, other increased $159 thousand in 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 primarily due to higher data processing
expense, which includes ATM debit card expense, insurance, and legal and professional fees.
The following
table sets forth for the periods indicated the primary components of noninterest expense:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Salary and employee benefits | $ | 24,494 | $ | 24,026 | $ | 21,261 | |||||
| Occupancy | 2,947 | 2,709 | 2,696 | ||||||||
| Furniture and Equipment | 1,296 | 1,237 | 1,493 | ||||||||
| Marketing and public relations | 1,173 | 1,043 | 1,114 | ||||||||
| ATM/debit card and data processing* | 3,823 | 3,123 | 2,834 | ||||||||
| Supplies | 116 | 138 | 151 | ||||||||
| Telephone | 365 | 350 | 413 | ||||||||
| Courier | 181 | 176 | 152 | ||||||||
| Correspondent services | 280 | 272 | 248 | ||||||||
| Subscriptions | 111 | 137 | 193 | ||||||||
| FDIC/FICO premium | 618 | 404 | 57 | ||||||||
| Insurance | 325 | 316 | 263 | ||||||||
| Other real estate expenses including OREO write downs | 105 | 201 | 81 | ||||||||
| Legal and Professional fees | 878 | 1,058 | 959 | ||||||||
| Loss on limited partnership interest | — | — | 88 | ||||||||
| Postage | 50 | 36 | 47 | ||||||||
| Director fees | 360 | 336 | 348 | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangibles | 201 | 363 | 523 | ||||||||
| Shareholder expense | 212 | 192 | 171 | ||||||||
| Other | 1,666 | 1,417 | 1,525 | ||||||||
| $ | 39,201 | $ | 37,534 | $ | 34,617 |
*Data processing includes core processing,
bill payment, online banking, remote deposit capture, and postage costs for mailing customer notices and statements.
59
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax
expense for 2021 was $4.2 million as compared to income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 of $2.5 million and $2.9
million for the year ended December 31, 2019 (see Note 14 “Income Taxes” to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for additional information). We recognize deferred tax assets for future deductible amounts resulting from differences in the
financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and operating loss carry forwards. The deferred tax assets are established
based on the amounts expected to be paid/recovered at existing tax rates. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the deferred
tax asset to the level that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit will be realized. As a result of our current level of tax-exempt securities in our investment portfolio and our BOLI holdings,
assuming the current corporate rate remains unchanged, our effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 21.25% to 21.75%.
Financial Position
Assets totaled
$1.6 billion at December 31, 2021 and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2020. Loans (excluding loans held-for-sale) increased $19.5
million to $863.7 million at December 31, 2021 from $844.2 million at December 31, 2020.
Total loan production
excluding PPP loans and a PPP related credit facility was $217.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared
to $177.1 million during the same period in 2020. Loans held-for-sale declined to $7.1 million at December 31, 2021 from $45.0
million at December 31, 2020 due to an improvement in mortgage processing, which has resulted in a reduction in the number of
days to sell loans to investors, and the movement of 30 loans totaling $7.6 million to loans held-for-investment. Mortgage production
was $142.1 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021 compared to $199.3 million during the same period in 2020.
The loan-to-deposit ratio (including loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was 64.0% and 74.8%, respectively.
The loan-to-deposit ratio (excluding loans held-for-sale) at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was 63.4% and 71.0%, respectively.
Investment securities increased to $566.6 million at December 31, 2021 from $361.9 million at December 31, 2020. Other short-term
investments increased to $47.0 million at December 31, 2021 from $46.1 million at December 31, 2020. The increases in investments
and other short-term investments are primarily due to organic deposit growth, excess liquidity from customer’s PPP loan
proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and from forgiven PPP loans.
Non-PPP loans
increased $60.3 million to $862.2 million at December 31, 2021 from $801.9 million at December 31, 2020. PPP loans declined $40.8
million to $1.5 million at December 31, 2021 from $42.2 million at December 31, 2020. PPP loans totaled $1.5 million gross of
deferred fees and costs and $1.5 million net of deferred fees and costs at December 31, 2021. The $55 thousand in PPP deferred
fees net of deferred costs at December 31, 2021 will be recognized as interest income over the remaining life of the PPP loans.
During 2020 and
2021, we originated 1,417 PPP loans totaling $88.5 million, which includes 843 PPP loans totaling $51.2 million originated in
2020 and 574 PPP loans totaling $37.3 million originated in 2021. Furthermore, during 2020, we facilitated the origination of
111 PPP loans totaling $31.2 million for our customers through a third party prior to establishing our own PPP platform. As of
December 31, 2021, 1,406 PPP loans totaling $87.0 million (840 PPP loans totaling $51.2 million originated in 2020 and 566 PPP
loans totaling $35.8 million originated in 2021) were forgiven through the SBA PPP forgiveness process.
One of our goals
as a community bank has been, and continues to be, to grow our assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to small
and mid-size businesses and individuals within the markets we serve. We remain committed to meeting the credit needs of our local
markets.
Deposits increased
$171.9 million to $1.4 billion at December 31, 2021 compared to $1.2 billion at December 31, 2020. Our pure deposits, which are
defined as total deposits less certificates of deposits, increased $177.9 million to $1.2 billion at December 31, 2021 from $1.1 billion
at December 31, 2020. We continue to focus on growing our pure deposits as a percentage of total deposits in order to better manage
our overall cost of funds. We had no brokered deposits and no listing services deposits at December 31, 2021. Our securities sold
under agreements to repurchase, which are related to our customer cash management accounts, increased $13.3 million to $54.2 million
at December 31, 2021 from $40.9 million at December 31, 2020.
60
Total shareholders’
equity increased $4.7 million, or 3.4%, to $141.0 million at December 31, 2021 from $136.3 million at December 31, 2020. The $4.7
million increase was due to an $11.9 million increase in retention of earnings less dividends paid, a $0.3 million increase due
to employee and director stock awards, and a $0.4 million increase due to dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) purchases partially
offset by an $8.0 million reduction in accumulated other comprehensive income. The decline in accumulated other comprehensive
income was due to an increase in longer-term market interest rates, which resulted in a reduction in the net unrealized gains
in our investment securities portfolio.
During the third
quarter of 2019, we completed the repurchase of 300,000 shares of our outstanding common stock at a cost of approximately $5.6
million with an average price per share of $18.79. We also announced during the third quarter of 2019 the approval of a new
repurchase plan of up to 200,000 shares of our outstanding common stock. No share repurchases were made under this repurchase
plan prior to its expiration on December 31, 2020. On April 12, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors approved the
repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2021 Repurchase Plan”), which represents approximately 5%
of our 7,548,638 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021. No share repurchases have been made under the 2021 Repurchase Plan as
of December 31, 2021. The 2021 Repurchase Plan expires at the market close on March 31, 2022. We intend to seek approval in 2022 for
a new repurchase plan of up to 375,000 shares of common stock to replace the expiring 2021 Repurchase Plan.
Earning Assets
Loans and loans held for
sale
Loans typically
provide higher yields than the other types of earning assets. During 2021, loans accounted for 62.6% of average earning assets.
The loan portfolio (including held-for-sale) averaged $889.0 million in 2021 as compared to $835.1 million in 2020. Quality loan
portfolio growth continued to be a strategic focus of ours in 2021. However, with the higher loan yields, there are inherent credit
and liquidity risks, which we attempt to control and counterbalance. One of our goals as a community bank continues to be to grow
our assets through quality loan growth by providing credit to small and mid-size businesses, as well as individuals within the
markets we serve. In 2021, we funded new loans (excluding loans originated for sale, PPP loans, and a PPP related credit facility)
of approximately $217.1 million, as compared to $177.1 million in 2020. We originated $37.3 million in PPP loans in 2021; and $51.7 million in PPP loans and $10.0 million
in a PPP related credit facility in 2020. PPP loans net of deferred fees and costs were $1.5 million and the PPP related credit
facility was $0 at December 31, 2021 compared to $42.2 million and $5.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020. We remain
committed to meeting the credit needs of our local markets, but adverse national and local economic conditions, as well as deterioration
of our asset quality, could significantly impact our ability to grow our loan portfolio. Significant increases in regulatory capital
expectations beyond the traditional “well capitalized” ratios and significantly increased regulatory burdens could
impede our ability to leverage our balance sheet and expand the loan portfolio.
61
The following
table shows the composition of the loan portfolio by category:
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commercial, financial & agricultural | $ | 69,952 | $ | 96,688 | $ | 51,805 | ||||||
| Real estate: | ||||||||||||
| Construction | 94,969 | 95,282 | 73,512 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—residential | 45,498 | 43,928 | 45,357 | |||||||||
| Mortgage—commercial | 617,464 | 573,258 | 527,447 | |||||||||
| Consumer: | ||||||||||||
| Home equity | 27,116 | 26,442 | 28,891 | |||||||||
| Other | 8,703 | 8,559 | 10,016 | |||||||||
| Total gross loans | 863,702 | 844,157 | 737,028 | |||||||||
| Allowance for loan losses | (11,179 | ) | (10,389 | ) | (6,627 | ) | ||||||
| Total net loans | $ | 852,523 | $ | 833,768 | $ | 730,401 |
In the
context of this discussion, a real estate mortgage loan is defined as any loan, other than loans for construction purposes, secured
by real estate, regardless of the purpose of the loan. We follow the common practice of financial institutions in our market area
of obtaining a security interest in real estate whenever possible, in addition to any other available collateral. This collateral
is taken to reinforce the likelihood of the ultimate repayment of the loan and tends to increase the magnitude of the real estate
loan components. Generally, we limit the loan-to-value ratio to 80%. The principal components of our loan portfolio at year-end
2021 and 2020 were commercial mortgage loans in the amount of $617.5 million and $573.3 million, respectively, representing 71.5%
and 67.9% of the portfolio, respectively, excluding loans held for sale. Significant portions of these commercial mortgage loans
are made to finance owner-occupied real estate. We continue to maintain a conservative philosophy regarding our underwriting guidelines,
and believe it will reduce the risk elements of the loan portfolio through strategies that diversify the lending mix.
The previously
referenced PPP loans and PPP related credit facility are included in “Commercial, financial & agricultural” loans
above.
The repayment
of loans in the loan portfolio as they mature is a source of liquidity. The following table sets forth the loans maturing within
specified intervals at December 31, 2021.
Loan Maturity Schedule
and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | One Year or Less | Over One Year Through Five Years | Over Five Years Through Fifteen years | Over Fifteen Years | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial, financial and agricultural | $ | 8,188 | $ | 32,428 | $ | 29,336 | $ | — | $ | 69,952 | |||||||||
| Real Estate and Home Equity | 79,575 | 323,771 | 356,829 | 24,873 | 785,047 | ||||||||||||||
| All other loan | 2,387 | 5,642 | 282 | 391 | 8,703 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 90,150 | $ | 361,841 | $ | 386,447 | $ | 25,264 | $ | 863,702 |
Loans
maturing after one year with:
| Variable Rate | $ | 103,550 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Rate | 670,002 | ||
| $ | 773,552 |
The information presented
in the above table is based on the contractual maturities of the individual loans, including loans which may be subject to renewal at
their contractual maturity. Renewal of such loans is subject to review and credit approval, as well as modification of terms upon their
maturity.
62
Investment
Securities
Our investment
securities portfolio is a significant component of our total earning assets. Total investment securities averaged $456.8 million
in 2021, as compared to $300.9 million in 2020, which represents 32.2% and 25.1% of the average earning assets for the years ended
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, our investment securities portfolio amounted to $564.8
million and $359.9 million, respectively. The increase in investment securities in 2021 is primarily due to organic deposit growth
and excess liquidity from customer’s PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
At December
31, 2021, the estimated weighted average life of our investment portfolio was approximately 6.8 years, duration of approximately
3.6, and a weighted average tax equivalent yield of approximately 1.73%. At December 31, 2020, the estimated weighted average
life of our investment portfolio was approximately 5.3 years, duration of approximately 3.7, and a weighted average tax equivalent
yield of approximately 2.16%.
We held
no debt securities rated below investment grade at December 31, 2021.
The following
table shows the investment portfolio composition.
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Securities available-for-sale at fair value: | |||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | 15,436 | $ | 1,502 | $ | 7,203 | |||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | 2,501 | 1,006 | 1,001 | ||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | 31,273 | 35,498 | 45,343 | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 397,729 | 229,929 | 183,586 | ||||||||
| State and local government | 109,848 | 88,603 | 49,648 | ||||||||
| Corporate and Other Securities | 8,052 | 3,328 | 19 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 564,839 | $ | 359,866 | $ | 286,800 |
We hold other investments carried
at cost totaling $1.8 million and $2.1 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which includes our investment in FHLB stock.
Our investment in FHLB stock amounted to $698.4 thousand and $1.1 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Investment
Securities Maturity Distribution and Yields
The following
table shows, at amortized cost, the expected maturities and weighted average yield, which is calculated using amortized cost as
the weight and tax-equivalent book yield, of securities held at December 31, 2021:
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After One But | After Five But | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Within One Year | Within Five Years | Within Ten Years | After Ten Years | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Available-for-sale: | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | Amount | Yield | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| US Treasury Securities | $ | — | — | $ | — | — | $ | 15,736 | 1.21 | % | $ | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Government sponsored enterprises | 2,499 | 0.58 | % | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small Business Administration pools | 466 | 1.90 | % | 22,398 | 1.84 | % | 5,613 | 2.27 | % | 2,359 | 1.87 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities | 12,828 | 2.04 | % | 129,221 | 1.31 | % | 135,147 | 1.65 | % | 120,931 | 1.08 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| State and local government | 4,244 | 1.35 | % | 18,667 | 2.99 | % | 78,435 | 2.33 | % | 4,123 | 3.18 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other securities | — | — | 5,029 | 3.82 | % | 2,984 | 4.18 | % | 9 | 3.70 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total investment securities available-for-sale | $ | 20,037 | 1.71 | % | $ | 175,315 | 1.63 | % | $ | 237,915 | 1.89 | % | $ | 127,422 | 1.16 | % |
Short-Term Investments
Short-term investments, which consist
of federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell and interest bearing deposits, averaged $73.4 million in 2021,
as compared to $62.9 million in 2020. The increase in short-term investments in 2021 is primarily due to organic deposit growth, excess
liquidity from customer’s PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and forgiven PPP loans. We
maintain the majority of our short-term overnight investments in our account at the Federal Reserve rather than in federal funds at various
correspondent banks due to the lower regulatory capital risk weighting. At December 31, 2021, short-term investments including funds on
deposit at the Federal Reserve totaled $45.9 million. These funds are an immediate source of liquidity and are generally invested in an
earning capacity on an overnight basis.
63
Deposits and Other Interest-Bearing
Liabilities
Deposits.
Average deposits were $1.3 billion during 2021, compared to $1.1 billion during 2020. Average interest-bearing deposits were
$869.7 million during 2021, as compared to $743.4 million during 2020. These increases are primarily due to organic deposit growth
and PPP loan proceeds and other stimulus funds related to the COVID-19 pandemic being held in customers deposit accounts.
The following
table sets forth the deposits by category:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Amount | % of Deposits | Amount | % of Deposits | Amount | % of Deposits | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demand deposit accounts | $ | 444,688 | 32.7 | % | $ | 385,511 | 32.4 | % | $ | 289,828 | 29.3 | % | ||||||||||||
| Interest bearing checking accounts | 331,638 | 24.4 | % | 278,077 | 23.4 | % | 229,168 | 23.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Money market accounts | 287,419 | 21.1 | % | 242,128 | 20.4 | % | 194,089 | 19.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Savings accounts | 143,765 | 10.6 | % | 123,032 | 10.3 | % | 104,456 | 10.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits less than $100,000 | 74,489 | 5.5 | % | 78,794 | 6.6 | % | 84,730 | 8.6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Time deposits more than $100,000 | 79,792 | 5.8 | % | 81,871 | 6.9 | % | 85,930 | 8.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,361,291 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,189,413 | 100.0 | % | $ | 988,201 | 100.0 | % |
Large certificate
of deposit customers, whom we identify as those of $100 thousand or more, tend to be extremely sensitive to interest rate levels,
making these deposits less reliable sources of funding for liquidity planning purposes than core deposits. Core deposits, which
exclude time deposits of $100 thousand or more, provide a relatively stable funding source for the loan portfolio and other earning
assets. Core deposits were $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Time deposits greater than
$250 thousand, the FDIC deposit insurance coverage limit, amounted to $27.9 million and $28.6 million at December 31, 2021 and
December 31, 2020, respectively.
A stable
base of deposits is expected to continue to be the primary source of funding to meet both our short-term and long-term liquidity
needs in the future. The maturity distribution of time deposits is shown in the following table.
Maturities
of Certificates of Deposit and Other Time Deposit of $250,000 or More
At December
31, 2021, time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit were as follows:
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | Within Three Months | After Three Through Six Months | After Six Through Twelve Months | After Twelve Months | Total | ||||||||||||||
| Time deposits of $250,000 or more | $ | 1,586 | $ | 1,399 | $ | 1,458 | $ | 5,206 | $ | 9,649 |
Borrowed
funds. Borrowed funds consist of fed funds purchased, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, FHLB advances and long-term debt as a result
of issuing $15.0 million in trust preferred securities. Short-term borrowings in the form of securities sold under agreements
to repurchase averaged $62.2 million, $49.5 million and $34.2 million during 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The maximum month-end
balances during 2021, 2020 and 2019 were $72.4 million, $73.0 million and $36.7 million, respectively. The average rates paid
during these periods were 0.14%, 0.38% and 1.12%, respectively. The balances of securities sold under agreements to repurchase
were $54.2 million and $40.9 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The repurchase agreements all mature within
one to four days and are generally originated with customers that have other relationships with us and tend to provide a stable
and predictable source of funding. As a member of the FHLB, the Bank has access to advances from the FHLB for various terms and
amounts. During 2021 and 2020, the average outstanding advances amounted to $0 and $2.0 million, respectively.
64
There
were no FHLB Advances scheduled to mature as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:
In addition
to the above borrowings, we issued $15.5 million in trust preferred securities on September 16, 2004. During the fourth quarter
of 2015, we redeemed $500 thousand of these securities. The securities accrue and pay distributions quarterly at a rate of three
month LIBOR plus 257 basis points. The remaining debt may be redeemed in full anytime with notice and matures on September 16,
2034.
Capital
Adequacy and Dividend Policy
Capital
Adequacy
Our capital remained
strong and exceeded the well-capitalized regulatory requirements at December 31, 2021. Total shareholders’ equity
increased $4.7 million, or 3.4%, to $141.0 million at December 31, 2021 from $136.3 million at December 31, 2020. The $4.7 million
increase was due to an $11.9 million increase in retention of earnings less dividends paid, a $0.3 million increase due to employee
and director stock awards, and a $0.4 million increase due to dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) purchases partially offset by
a $8.0 million reduction in accumulated other comprehensive income. The decline in accumulated other comprehensive income was
due to an increase in longer-term market interest rates, which resulted in a reduction in the net unrealized gains in our investment
securities portfolio.
During the third
quarter of 2019, we completed the repurchase of 300,000 shares of our outstanding common stock at a cost of approximately $5.6
million with an average price per share of $18.79. We also announced during the third quarter of 2019 the approval of a
new repurchase plan of up to 200,000 shares of our outstanding common stock. No share repurchases were made under the new
repurchase plan prior to its expiration on December 31, 2020. On April 12, 2021, we announced that our Board of Directors approved
the repurchase of up to 375,000 shares of our common stock (the “2021 Repurchase Plan”), which represents approximately
5% of our 7,548,638 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021. No share repurchases have been made under the 2021 Repurchase
Plan as of December 31, 2021. The 2021 Repurchase Plan expires at the market close on March 31, 2022. We intend to seek approval in 2022 for a new repurchase plan of up to 375,000
shares of common stock to replace the expiring 2021 Repurchase Plan.
During each
quarter in 2019, we paid an $0.11 per share dividend on our common stock. During each quarter in 2020 and 2021, we paid an $0.12 per
share dividend on our common stock. On January 19, 2022, we announced a $0.13 per share dividend payable on February 15, 2022 to
shareholders of record of our common stock on February 1, 2022.
In addition,
we have a dividend reinvestment plan that allows existing shareholders the option of reinvesting cash dividends as well as making
optional purchases of up to $5,000 in the purchase of common stock per quarter.
The following
table shows the return on average assets (net income divided by average total assets), return on average equity (net income divided
by average equity), and equity to assets ratio for the three years ended December 31, 2021.
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Return on average assets | 1.02 | % | 0.78 | % | 0.98 | % | ||||||
| Return on average common equity | 11.22 | % | 7.84 | % | 9.38 | % | ||||||
| Equity to assets ratio | 8.90 | % | 9.77 | % | 10.27 | % | ||||||
| Dividend Payout Ratio | 23.24 | % | 35.38 | % | 30.29 | % |
While the Company
is currently a small bank holding company and so generally is not subject to Basel III capital requirements, our Bank remains
subject to such capital requirements. See “Supervision and Regulation—Basel Capital Standards” for additional
information on Basel III and the Dodd-Frank Act.
The Bank
exceeded the regulatory capital ratios at December 31, 2021 and 2020, as set forth in the following table:
| (In thousands) | Required Amount | % | Actual Amount | % | Excess Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Bank(1)(2): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 57,075 | 6.0 | % | $ | 132,918 | 14.0 | % | $ | 75,843 | 8.0 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 76,101 | 8.0 | % | 144,097 | 15.1 | % | 67,996 | 7.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 42,807 | 4.5 | % | 132,918 | 14.0 | % | 90,111 | 9.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 62,897 | 4.0 | % | 132,918 | 8.5 | % | 70,021 | 4.5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Based Capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 | $ | 56,288 | 6.0 | % | $ | 120,385 | 12.8 | % | $ | 64,097 | 6.8 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total Capital | 75,051 | 8.0 | % | 130,774 | 13.9 | % | 55,723 | 5.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| CET1 | 42,216 | 4.5 | % | 120,385 | 12.8 | % | 78,169 | 8.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Tier 1 Leverage | 54,492 | 4.0 | % | 120,385 | 8.8 | % | 65,893 | 4.8 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | As a small bank holding company, the Company is generally not subject to the Basel III capital requirements unless otherwise advised by the Federal Reserve. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (2) | Required Amounts and Required Ratios do not include the capital conservation buffer of 2.5%. |
65
Dividend
Policy
Since
we are a bank holding company, our ability to declare and pay dividends is dependent on certain federal and state regulatory considerations,
including the guidelines of the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends
by bank holding companies. In general, the Federal Reserve’s policies provide that dividends should be paid only out of
current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the bank holding company appears consistent with the
organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve’s policies also require
that a bank holding company serve as a source of financial strength to its subsidiary banks by standing ready to use available
resources to provide adequate capital funds to those banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and by maintaining
the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks where
necessary. In addition, under the prompt corrective action regulations, the ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends
may be restricted if a subsidiary bank becomes undercapitalized. These regulatory policies could affect our ability to pay dividends
or otherwise engage in capital distributions.
Because the Company
is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Bank and does not conduct stand-alone operations, the Company’s ability
to pay dividends depends on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company, which is also subject to regulatory restrictions.
As a South Carolina-chartered bank, the Bank is subject to limitations on the amount of dividends that it is permitted to pay.
Unless otherwise instructed by the S.C. Board, the Bank is generally permitted under South Carolina state banking regulations
to pay cash dividends of up to 100% of net income in any calendar year without obtaining the prior approval of the S.C. Board.
In addition, the Bank must maintain a capital conservation buffer, above its regulatory minimum capital requirements, consisting
entirely of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, in order to avoid restrictions with respect to its payment of dividends to First Community
Corporation. The FDIC also has the authority under federal law to enjoin a bank from engaging in what in its opinion constitutes
an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting its business, including the payment of a dividend under certain circumstances.
Liquidity Management
Liquidity management
involves monitoring sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits.
Liquidity represents our ability to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss and to raise additional
funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are
subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of the investment portfolio is very predictable
and subject to a high degree of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are
far less predictable and are not subject to nearly the same degree of control. Asset liquidity is provided by cash and assets
which are readily marketable, or which can be pledged, or which will mature in the near future. Liability liquidity is provided
by access to core funding sources, principally the ability to generate customer deposits in our market area. In addition, liability
liquidity is provided through the ability to borrow against approved lines of credit (federal funds purchased) from correspondent
banks and to borrow on a secured basis through securities sold under agreements to repurchase. The Bank is a member of the FHLB
and has the ability to obtain advances for various periods of time. These advances are secured by eligible securities pledged
by the Bank or assignment of eligible loans within the Bank’s portfolio.
As of December
31, 2021, we have not experienced any unusual pressure on our deposit balances or our liquidity position as a result of the COVID-19
pandemic. We had no brokered deposits and no listing services deposits at December 31, 2021. We believe that we have ample
liquidity to meet the needs of our customers through our low cost deposits, our ability to borrow against approved lines of credit
(federal funds purchased) from correspondent banks, and our ability to obtain advances secured by certain securities and loans
from the FHLB.
We generally maintain
a high level of liquidity and adequate capital, which along with continued retained earnings, we believe will be sufficient to fund the
operations of the Bank for at least the next 12 months. Furthermore, we believe that we will have access to adequate liquidity
and capital to support the long-term operations of the Bank. Shareholders’ equity declined to 8.9% of total assets at December
31, 2021 from 9.8% at December 31, 2020 due to total asset growth of $189.1 million compared to total shareholders’ equity growth
of $4.7 million. The growth in total assets was primarily due to excess liquidity from customer’s PPP loans, other stimulus funds
related to the COVID-19 pandemic, organic deposit growth, and loan growth. The $4.7 million increase in shareholder’s equity
was due to an $11.9 million increase
in retention of earnings less dividends paid, a $0.3 million increase due to employee and director stock awards, and a $0.4 million increase
due to dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) purchases partially offset by a $8.0 million reduction in accumulated other comprehensive income.
The decline in accumulated other comprehensive income was due to an increase in longer-term market interest rates, which resulted in
a reduction in the net unrealized gains in our investment securities portfolio. The Bank maintains federal funds purchased lines in the
total amount of $60.0 million with two financial institutions, although these were not utilized at December 31, 2021 and $10 million
through the Federal Reserve Discount Window. The FHLB of Atlanta has approved a line of credit of up to 25% of the Bank’s assets,
which, when utilized, is collateralized by a pledge against specific investment securities and/or eligible loans.
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Through the operations
of our Bank, we have made contractual commitments to extend credit in the ordinary course of our business activities. These commitments
are legally binding agreements to lend money to our customers at predetermined interest rates for a specified period of time.
At December 31, 2021, we had issued commitments to extend unused credit of $137.4 million, including $42.9 million in unused home
equity lines of credit, through various types of lending arrangements. At December 31, 2020, we had issued commitments to extend
unused credit of $142.6 million, including $42.3 million in unused home equity lines of credit, through various types of lending
arrangements. We evaluate each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained,
if deemed necessary by us upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower. Collateral varies but may
include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial and residential real estate. We manage the credit
risk on these commitments by subjecting them to normal underwriting and risk management processes.
We regularly
review our liquidity position and have implemented internal policies establishing guidelines for sources of asset-based liquidity
and evaluate and monitor the total amount of purchased funds used to support the balance sheet and funding from noncore sources.
Although uncertain, we may encounter stress on liquidity management as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Bank’s
prior participation in the PPP as a participating lender. We had PPP loans totaling $1.5 million gross of deferred fees and costs
and $1.5 million net of deferred fees and costs at December 31, 2021 compared to $43.3 million gross of deferred fees and costs
and $42.2 million net of deferred fees and costs at December 31, 2020. As customers manage their own liquidity stress, we could
experience an increase in the utilization of existing lines of credit.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the
normal course of operations, we engage in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with GAAP, are not recorded
in the financial statements, or are recorded in amounts that differ from the notional amounts. These transactions involve, to
varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate, and liquidity risk. Such transactions are used by the company for general
corporate purposes or for customer needs. Corporate purpose transactions are used to help manage credit, interest rate, and liquidity
risk or to optimize capital. Customer transactions are used to manage customers’ requests for funding. Please refer to Note
15 of our financial statements for a discussion of our off-balance sheet arrangements.
Impact of Inflation
Unlike
most industrial companies, the assets and liabilities of financial institutions such as the Company and the Bank are primarily
monetary in nature. Therefore, interest rates have a more significant effect on our performance than do the effects of changes
in the general rate of inflation and change in prices. In addition, interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction
or in the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. As discussed previously, we continually seek to manage the relationships
between interest sensitive assets and liabilities in order to protect against wide interest rate fluctuations, including those
resulting from inflation.