ENSIGN GROUP, INC (ENSG)

CIK: 0001125376. SIC: 8051 Services-Skilled Nursing Care Facilities. Latest 10-K as of: 2026-02-04.

SIC breadcrumb: Services > SIC Major Group 80 > SIC 8051 Services-Skilled Nursing Care Facilities

SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1125376. Latest filing source: 0001125376-26-000007.

Selected Fundamentals

Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-04. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001125376.json. Derived margins are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

Flow metrics use full-year FY periods from 10-K/10-K/A filings; balance-sheet metrics use FY-end instants. Missing metrics are omitted rather than fabricated.

Financial Charts

Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-04-30. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001125376.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

Quarterly Charts

Macro Cross-References

• CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
• UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
• FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
• CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
• DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
• DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
• DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
• DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
• T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
• CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
• CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
• CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
• CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
• PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
• PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
• PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
• T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
• U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
• PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
• CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
• EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
• UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
• CE16OV - Employment Level
• ICSA - Initial Claims
• JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
• JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
• GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
• A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
• INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
• TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
• HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
• PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
• RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
• PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
• PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
• M2SL - M2
• BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
• MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
• HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
• RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
• TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
• RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
• TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
• GDP - Gross Domestic Product
• GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
• GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
• PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
• GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
• GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
• FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
• FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
• FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
• MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
• USCONS - All Employees, Construction
• USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
• USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
• USGOVT - All Employees, Government
• AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
• DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
• NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
• BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
• EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
• IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
• IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
• PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand

Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: 0001125376-26-000021.

Extracted between Part I Item 2 and the next Item 3/4 or Part II heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-04-30. Report date: 2026-03-31.

Item 2.     MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, which appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Quarterly Report and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (Annual Report), which discusses our business and related risks in greater detail, as well as subsequent reports we may file from time to time on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K, for additional information. The section entitled “Risk Factors” contained in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and similar discussions in our other SEC filings, also describe some of the important risk factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or liquidity. You should carefully consider those risks, in addition to the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC, before deciding to purchase, hold or sell our common stock.

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Table of Contents

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements," within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which include, but are not limited to our expected future financial position, results of operations, cash flows, financing plans, business strategy, budgets, capital expenditures, competitive positions, growth opportunities, and plans and objectives of management. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing,” similar expressions, and variations or negatives of these words. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, some of which are listed under the section “Risk Factors” contained in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry and business, management’s beliefs, and certain assumptions made by us, all of which are subject to change. We undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statement for any reason, except as otherwise required by law.

Overview

We are a provider of health care services across the post-acute care continuum. We engage in the operation, ownership, acquisition, development and leasing of skilled nursing, senior living and other healthcare-related properties and ancillary businesses located in 17 states. Our independent subsidiaries, each of which strive to be the operation of choice in the communities they serve, provide a broad spectrum of services. As of March 31, 2026, we offered skilled nursing, long-term acute care, senior living and rehabilitative care services through 378 skilled nursing and senior living facilities. Our real estate portfolio includes 160 owned real estate properties, which includes 124 facilities operated and managed by us, 36 operations leased to and operated by third-party operators and the Service Center location. Of the 36 third-party operations, one senior living operation is located on the same real estate property as a skilled nursing operation that we own and operate.

The following table summarizes our independent subsidiaries and operational skilled nursing beds and senior living units by ownership status as of March 31, 2026:

Owned and Operated

Leased (with a Purchase Option)

Leased (without a Purchase Option)

Total for Facilities Operated

Number of facilities

124 

8 

246 

378 

Percentage of total

32.8 

%

2.1 

%

65.1 

%

100.0 

%

Operational skilled nursing beds

11,923 

687 

25,939 

38,549 

Percentage of total

30.9 

%

1.8 

%

67.3 

%

100.0 

%

Senior living units

1,940 

142 

1,321 

3,403 

Percentage of total

57.0 

%

4.2 

%

38.8 

%

100.0 

%

The Ensign Group, Inc. is a holding company with no direct operating assets, employees or revenues. Our subsidiaries are operated by separate, independent entities, each of which has its own management, employees and assets. In addition, certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries including Ensign Services, Inc. and Cornet Limited, Inc., referred to collectively as the Service Center, provide centralized accounting, payroll, human resources, information technology, legal, risk management and other centralized services to the other independent subsidiaries. We also have a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary that provides some claims-made coverage to our independent subsidiaries for general and professional liability, as well as coverage for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities.. Our captive real estate investment trust, Standard Bearer, owns and manages our real estate business. References herein to the consolidated “Company” and “its” assets and activities, as well as the use of the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms in this Quarterly Report, are not meant to imply, nor should they be construed as meaning that The Ensign Group, Inc. has direct operating assets, employees or revenue, or that any of the subsidiaries are operated by The Ensign Group, Inc.

Our acquisition strategy has been focused on identifying both opportunistic and strategic acquisitions within our target markets that offer strong opportunities for return. The operations added by us are frequently underperforming financially and can have regulatory and clinical challenges to overcome. Financial information, especially with underperforming operations, is often inadequate, inaccurate or unavailable. Consequently, we believe that prior operating results are not a meaningful representation of our current operating results or indicative of the integration potential of our newly acquired independent subsidiaries.

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Recent Activities

We believe we exist to dignify and transform post-acute care. We set out a strategy to achieve our goal of ensuring our patients are receiving the best possible care through our ability to acquire, integrate and improve our operations. Our results serve as a strong indicator that our strategy is working and our transformation is underway. Our dedication to our cultural and operational fundamentals continues to deliver strong results. Refer to Results of Operations for further discussion.

Operational Expansions — During the three months ended March 31, 2026, we expanded our operations with the addition of five stand-alone skilled nursing operations in three states. These new operations added a total of 582 operational skilled nursing beds operated by our independent subsidiaries.

In the same period, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire 15 stand-alone skilled nursing operations and two campus operations in Texas on May 1, 2026, subject to customary closing conditions. Assuming the closing of the acquisitions, these new operations will add 2,080 operational skilled nursing beds and 155 senior living units to be operated by our independent subsidiaries. These acquisitions establish Texas as our largest state by skilled nursing and senior living operations, totaling 105 operations, and reaffirm our continued growth in the markets where we began in 1999.

Standard Bearer Acquisitions — Standard Bearer Healthcare REIT, Inc. (Standard Bearer), our captive REIT, is a holding company with subsidiaries that own a majority of our real estate portfolio. Management believes that the REIT structure enhances transparency into the value of the Company’s owned real estate and provides an efficient platform to support future property acquisitions, which may be operated by the our independent subsidiaries or leased to third‑party operators.

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, Standard Bearer added $17.5 million of real estate assets associated with two stand-alone skilled nursing operations operated by our independent subsidiaries. In addition, during the same period, two stand‑alone skilled nursing operations owned by Standard Bearer were transitioned from third‑party operators to our independent subsidiaries.

In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2026, we entered into definitive agreements to acquire real estate assets associated with 19 operations subsequent to March 31, 2026, subject to customary closing conditions, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $342.4 million. The real estate assets are associated with 15 stand-alone skilled nursing operations and two campus operations to be operated by our independent subsidiaries and two stand-alone senior living operations to be leased to a third-party operator beginning on May 1, 2026, in each case, assuming the closing of the acquisitions.

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Facility Information

The following table sets forth the location of our facilities and the number of operational beds and units located at our skilled nursing, senior living and campus facilities as of March 31, 2026:

Facility Counts

Bed / Unit Counts

Skilled Operations

Senior Living Communities

Campus Operations(1)

Total

Skilled Operational Beds

Senior Living Units

Total Beds / Units

Texas

82

1

5

88

10,501

606

11,107

California

78

4

3

85

8,247

378

8,625

Arizona

35

1

6

42

5,396

891

6,287

Colorado

33

5

1

39

3,567

633

4,200

Utah

26

2

1

29

2,412

163

2,575

Washington

17

1

—

18

1,608

98

1,706

Idaho

14

—

1

15

1,331

21

1,352

Kansas

4

—

8

12

883

251

1,134

Tennessee

11

—

—

11

1,122

—

1,122

South Carolina

9

—

—

9

1,126

—

1,126

Iowa

7

—

2

9

602

31

633

Nebraska

4

1

3

8

496

199

695

Wisconsin

5

—

—

5

350

—

350

Nevada

3

—

—

3

483

—

483

Alaska

1

1

—

2

146

82

228

Alabama

2

—

—

2

181

—

181

Oregon

—

—

1

1

98

50

148

331

16

31

378

38,549

3,403

41,952

(1) Campuses represent facilities that offer both skilled nursing and senior living services.

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The following table provides summary information regarding the location of our owned and operated real estate properties as of March 31, 2026:

Facility Counts

Bed / Unit Counts

Skilled Operations

Senior Living Communities

Campus Operations(1)

Total

Skilled Operational Beds

Senior Living Units

Total Beds / Units

Texas

25

1

4

30

3,336

576

3,912

Arizona

12

—

5

17

2,052

494

2,546

Utah

15

—

—

15

1,102

—

1,102

California

11

—

1

12

1,291

42

1,333

Colorado

6

3

—

9

593

369

962

Kansas

2

—

5

7

495

167

662

Washington

6

—

—

6

621

—

621

Idaho

6

—

—

6

590

—

590

South Carolina

5

—

—

5

544

—

544

Wisconsin

5

—

—

5

350

—

350

Nebraska

1

1

1

3

171

160

331

Tennessee

3

—

—

3

300

—

300

Iowa

3

—

—

3

234

—

234

Alaska

1

1

—

2

146

82

228

Oregon

—

—

1

1

98

50

148

101

6

17

124

11,923

1,940

13,863

(1) Campuses represent facilities that offer both skilled nursing and senior living services.

The following table provides summary information regarding the location of our owned real estate properties as of March 31, 2026:

Owned and Operated by Ensign(1)

Owned and Leased to Third-Party Operators(1)

Service Center

Total Properties(1)

Texas(1)

30

7

—

36

Wisconsin

5

22

—

27

Arizona

17

1

—

18

Utah

15

—

—

15

California

12

2

1

15

Colorado

9

—

—

9

Washington

6

3

—

9

Kansas

7

—

—

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Latest 10-K MD&A

Extracted between Item 7 and the next Item 7A/8 heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-02-04. Report date: 2025-12-31.

Item 7.     MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes, which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Part I.Item 1A., Risk Factors and Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

For discussion of 2023 items and year-over-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 that are not included in this 2025 Form 10-K, refer to “Item 7. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” found in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 5, 2025.

Overview

We are a provider of health care services across the post-acute care continuum. We engage in the operation, ownership, acquisition, development and leasing of skilled nursing, senior living and other healthcare related properties and ancillary businesses located in 17 states. Our independent subsidiaries, each of which strive to be the operation of choice in the communities they serve, provide a broad spectrum of services. As of December 31, 2025, we offered skilled nursing, long term acute care, senior living and rehabilitative care services through 373 skilled nursing and senior living facilities. Our real estate portfolio includes 158 owned real estate properties, which includes 120 facilities operated and managed by us, 38 operations leased to and operated by third-party operators and the Service Center location. Of the 38 third-party operations, one senior living operation is located on the same real estate property as a skilled nursing operation that we own and operate.

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The Ensign Group, Inc. is a holding company with no direct operating assets, employees or revenues. Our subsidiaries are operated by separate, independent entities, each of which has its own management, employees and assets. In addition, certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries including Ensign Services, Inc. and Cornet Limited, Inc., referred to collectively as the Service Center, provide centralized accounting, payroll, human resources, information technology, legal, risk management and other centralized services to the other independent subsidiaries. We also have a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary that provides some claims-made coverage to our independent subsidiaries for general and professional liability, as well as coverage for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities and our captive real estate trust owns and operates our real estate portfolio. Our captive real estate investment trust, Standard Bearer, owns and manages our real estate business. References herein to the consolidated “Company” and “its” assets and activities, as well as the use of the terms “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms in this Annual Report, are not meant to imply, nor should they be construed as meaning that The Ensign Group, Inc. has direct operating assets, employees or revenue, or that any of the subsidiaries are operated by The Ensign Group, Inc.

Recent Activities

We believe we exist to dignify and transform post-acute care. We set out a strategy to achieve our goal of ensuring our patients are receiving the best possible care through our ability to acquire, integrate and improve our operations. Our results serve as a strong indicator that our strategy is working and our transformation is underway. Our dedication to our cultural and operational fundamentals continues to deliver strong results. Refer to Results of Operations for further discussion.

Operational Update — Our combined Same Facilities and Transitioning Facilities occupancy increased by 2.7% compared to the same period in 2024. Our focus on rebuilding census resulted in Same Facilities occupancy of 82.9% during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 80.9% in the same period in 2024. These results were possible due to the innovative approaches and strategic partnerships which supported our multiple year growth in occupancy improvements and continue to enable us to gain additional market share. These key initiatives together with our dedication to our cultural and operational fundamentals resulted in strong 2025 results.

Operational Expansions — During the year ended December 31, 2025, we expanded our operations with the addition of 40 stand-alone skilled nursing operations, five stand-alone senior living operations and one campus operation. These new operations added a total of 4,175 operational skilled nursing beds and 313 operational senior living units operated by our independent subsidiaries. Subsequent to December 31, 2025, we expanded our operations with the addition of five stand-alone skilled nursing operations that added 582 operational skilled nursing beds operated by our independent subsidiaries. Standard Bearer had previously purchased the real estate for two of these operations, which were subsequently transferred from a third-party operator to the our independent subsidiaries. Additionally, we invested in new ancillary services that are complementary to our existing businesses.

Expansion into New States — In the first quarter of 2025, we expanded our operations into the states of Alabama, Alaska and Oregon. These expansions are part of our strategic vision to further strengthen our growing national presence in both existing and new attractive markets.

Standard Bearer Update — Standard Bearer Healthcare REIT, Inc. (Standard Bearer), our captive REIT, is a holding company with subsidiaries that own a majority of our real estate portfolio. We expect the REIT structure to allow us to better demonstrate the growing value of our owned real estate and provide us with an efficient vehicle for future acquisitions of properties that could be operated by our independent subsidiaries or other third parties.

During the year ended December 31, 2025, Standard Bearer added $314.2 million of real estate associated with 25 stand-alone skilled nursing operations, one stand-alone senior living operation and two campus operations. Four of the acquisitions were related to exercising purchase options from CareTrust REIT, Inc. (CareTrust) lease arrangements where our independent subsidiaries have been operating and managing these locations. Of these additions, four stand-alone skilled nursing operations are leased to third-party operators and the remaining additions are operated by our independent subsidiaries. Our existing relationships with third-party operators within our industry have allowed us to expand our growing REIT structure to operators outside of our organization.

As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of Standard Bearer's real estate portfolio is approximately $1.7 billion. The fair value was determined by a third-party independent valuation specialist and incorporated each property's rental income, capitalization rate, rental yield rate and discount rate.

Subsequent to December 31, 2025, Standard Bearer added approximately $18.1 million of real estate associated with two stand-alone skilled nursing operations, as discussed above, where all of the stand-alone skilled nursing facilities were leased back to our independent subsidiaries. In addition, Standard Bearer had previously purchased the real estate for two of stand-alone skilled nursing operations, which were subsequently transferred from a third-party operator to the Company’s independent subsidiaries.

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Insignia Pathway - In November 2025, we donated $10.0 million to Insignia Pathway, a non-profit organization formed in 2024 with a mission to empower, support and expand the post-acute care workforce. Insignia Pathway is dedicated to inspiring the current and next generation to choose careers in this essential field. In its first year of operation, the charity awarded over $1.0 million in grants to Registered Nurses from 23 countries who have committed to work for U.S.-based skilled nursing providers. In total, we have donated $45.0 million to Insignia Pathway since its formation.

Common Stock Repurchase Program — On February 21, 2025, the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program pursuant to which we were authorized to repurchase up to $20.0 million of our common stock under the program for a period of approximately 12 months from March 26, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we repurchased 157 shares of our common stock for $20.0 million. This repurchase program expired upon the repurchase of the fully authorized amount under the plan and is no longer in effect.

On May 15, 2025, the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program pursuant to which we are authorized to repurchase up to $20.0 million of our common stock under the program for a period of approximately 12 months from June 16, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we did not repurchase any shares pursuant to this stock repurchase program.

Litigation — During the year ended December 31, 2025, we agreed to settle all alleged wage, hour or labor code-related violations asserted on a class or representative basis against our independent subsidiaries in California for purported violations occurring during the six year period ending December 2025, for $12.0 million, pending court approval.

Key Performance Indicators

We manage the fiscal aspects of our business by monitoring key performance indicators that affect our financial performance. Revenue associated with these metrics is generated based on contractually agreed-upon amounts or rate, excluding the estimates of variable consideration under the revenue recognition standard, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606. These indicators and their definitions include the following:

Skilled Services

•Routine revenue — Routine revenue is generated by the contracted daily rate charged for all contractually inclusive skilled nursing services. The inclusion of therapy and other ancillary treatments varies by payor source and by contract. Services provided outside of the routine contractual agreement are recorded separately as ancillary revenue, including Medicare Part B therapy services, and are not included in the routine revenue definition.

•Skilled revenue — The amount of routine revenue generated from patients in the skilled nursing facilities who are receiving higher levels of care under Medicare, managed care, Medicaid, or other skilled reimbursement programs. The other skilled patients who are included in this population represent very high acuity patients who are receiving high levels of nursing and ancillary services which are reimbursed by payors other than Medicare or managed care. Skilled revenue excludes any revenue generated from our senior living services.

•Skilled mix — The amount of our skilled revenue as a percentage of our total skilled nursing routine revenue. Skilled mix (in days) represents the number of days our Medicare, managed care, or other skilled patients are receiving skilled nursing services at the skilled nursing facilities divided by the total number of days patients from all payor sources are receiving skilled nursing services at the skilled nursing facilities for any given period.

•Average daily rates — The routine revenue by payor source for a period at the skilled nursing facilities divided by actual patient days for that revenue source for that given period.

•Occupancy percentage (operational beds) — The total number of patients occupying a bed in a skilled nursing facility as a percentage of the beds in a facility which are available for occupancy during the measurement period.

•Number of facilities and operational beds — The total number of skilled nursing facilities that we own or operate, and the total number of operational beds associated with these facilities.

Skilled Mix — Like most skilled nursing providers, we measure both patient days and revenue by payor. Medicare, managed care and other skilled patients, whom we refer to as high acuity patients, typically require a higher level of skilled nursing and rehabilitative care. Accordingly, Medicare and managed care reimbursement rates are typically higher than from other payors. In most states, Medicaid reimbursement rates are generally the lowest of all payor types. Changes in the payor mix can significantly affect our revenue and profitability.

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The following table summarizes our overall skilled mix from our skilled nursing services for the periods indicated as a percentage of our total skilled nursing routine revenue and as a percentage of total skilled nursing patient days:

Year Ended December 31,

Skilled Mix:

2025

2024

Days

30.7 

%

29.9 

%

Revenue

49.4 

%

48.6 

%

Occupancy — We define occupancy derived from our skilled services as the ratio of actual patient days (one patient day equals one patient occupying one bed for one day) during any measurement period to the number of beds in facilities which are available for occupancy during the measurement period. The number of beds in a skilled nursing facility that are actually operational and available for occupancy may be less than the total official licensed bed capacity. This sometimes occurs due to the permanent dedication of bed space to alternative purposes, such as enhanced therapy treatment space or other desirable uses calculated to improve service offerings and/or operational efficiencies in a facility. In some cases, three- and four-bed wards have been reduced to two-bed rooms for resident comfort, and larger wards have been reduced to conform to changes in Medicare requirements. These beds are seldom expected to be placed back into service. We believe that reporting occupancy based on operational beds is consistent with industry practices and provides a more useful measure of actual occupancy performance from period to period.

The following table summarizes our overall occupancy statistics for skilled nursing operations for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

Occupancy for skilled services:

2025

2024

Operational beds at end of period

37,911 

33,547 

Available patient days

13,134,528 

11,710,297 

Actual patient days

10,795,373 

9,431,825 

Occupancy percentage (based on operational beds)

82.2 

%

80.5 

%

Segments

We have two reportable segments: (1) skilled services, which includes the operation of skilled nursing facilities and rehabilitation therapy services and (2) Standard Bearer, which is comprised of select properties owned by us through our captive REIT and leased to skilled nursing and senior living operations, including our own independent subsidiaries and third-party operators.

We also reported an “all other” category that includes operating results from our senior living operations, mobile diagnostics, transportation, other real estate and other ancillary operations. These businesses are neither significant individually, nor in aggregate and therefore do not constitute a reportable segment. Our Chief Executive Officer, who is our chief operating decision maker, or CODM, reviews financial information at the operating segment level.

Revenue Sources

Skilled Services — Within our skilled nursing operations, we generate revenue from Medicaid, private pay, managed care and Medicare payors. We believe that our skilled mix, which we define as the number of days Medicare, managed care and other skilled patients are receiving services at our skilled nursing operations divided by the total number of days patients are receiving services at our skilled nursing operations, from all payor sources (less days from senior living services) for any given period, is an important indicator of our success in attracting high-acuity patients because it represents the percentage of our patients who are reimbursed by Medicare, managed care and other skilled payors, for whom we receive higher reimbursement rates.

We participate in supplemental payment programs and quality improvement programs in various states that provide supplemental Medicaid payments for skilled nursing facilities that are licensed to non-state government-owned entities such as city and county hospital districts. A number of our independent subsidiaries have entered into transactions with various hospital districts providing for the transfer of the licenses for those skilled nursing facilities to the hospital districts. Each affected independent subsidiary agreement between the hospital district and our subsidiary is terminable by either party to fully restore the prior license status.

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Standard Bearer — We generate rental revenue primarily by leasing post-acute care properties that we acquired to healthcare operators under triple-net lease arrangements, whereby the tenants are solely responsible for the costs related to the property, including property taxes, insurance and maintenance and repair costs, subject to certain exceptions. As of December 31, 2025, our real estate portfolio within Standard Bearer is comprised of 152 real estate properties. Of these properties, 116 are leased to our independent subsidiaries and 37 are leased to facilities wholly-owned and managed by third-party operators. Of those 37 operations, one senior living operation is located on the same real estate property as a skilled nursing operation that an independent subsidiary operates. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we generated rental revenues of $126.9 million, of which $107.6 million was derived from our independent subsidiaries and therefore eliminated in consolidation.

Other — Within our senior living operations, we generate revenue primarily from private pay sources, with a portion earned from Medicaid payors or through other state-specific programs. Payment for these services varies and is based upon the service provided. The payment is adjusted for an inability to obtain appropriate billing documentation or authorizations acceptable to the payor and other reasons unrelated to credit risk.

Primary Components of Expense

Cost of Services (exclusive of rent and depreciation and amortization shown separately) — Our cost of services represents the costs of operating our operating subsidiaries, which primarily consists of payroll and related benefits, supplies, purchased services, and ancillary expenses such as the cost of pharmacy and therapy services provided to patients. Cost of services also includes the cost of general and professional liability insurance, rent expenses related to leasing our operational facilities that are not included in facility rent - cost of services, and other general cost of services with respect to our operations.

Facility Rent - Cost of Services — Rent - cost of services consists solely of base minimum rent amounts payable under lease agreements to third-party real estate owners. Our independent subsidiaries lease and operate but do not own the underlying real estate and these amounts do not include taxes, insurance, impounds, capital reserves or other charges payable under the applicable lease agreements. Expenses related to leasing our operations are included in cost of services.

General and Administrative Expense — General and administrative expense consists primarily of payroll and related benefits and travel expenses for our Service Center personnel, including training and other operational support. General and administrative expense also includes professional fees (including accounting and legal fees), costs relating to our information systems and stock-based compensation related to our Service Center employees.

Depreciation and Amortization — Property and equipment are recorded at their original historical cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets. The following is a summary of the depreciable lives of our depreciable assets:

Buildings and improvements

Minimum of three years to a maximum of 59 years, generally 45 years

Leasehold improvements

Shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life, generally 5 to 15 years

Furniture and equipment

3 to 10 years

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The preparation of these financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We believe that the application of the following accounting policies, which are important to our financial position and results of operations, require significant judgments and estimates on the part of management. For a summary of our significant accounting policies, including the accounting policies discussed below, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Variable consideration within revenue recognition — Revenue recognized from healthcare services are adjusted for estimates of variable consideration to arrive at the transaction price. We determine the transaction price based on contractually agreed-upon amounts or rates, adjusted for estimates of variable consideration. We use the expected value method in determining the variable component that should be used to arrive at the transaction price, using contractual agreements and historical reimbursement experience within each payor type. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net revenue only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. If actual amounts of consideration ultimately received differ from our estimates, we adjust these estimates, which would affect net service revenue in the period such variances become known.

Self-insurance for general and professional liability — The self-insured retention and deductible limits for general and professional liability for all states, except Kansas, are self-insured through our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary (the Captive Insurance), the related assets and liabilities of which are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Our general and professional liability as of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $186.8 million and $160.1 million, respectively.

Our policy is to accrue amounts equal to the actuarially estimated costs to settle open claims of insureds, as well as an estimate of the cost of insured claims that have been incurred but not reported. We develop information about the size of the ultimate claims based on historical experience, current industry information and actuarial analysis and evaluate the estimates for claim loss exposure on a quarterly basis. We use actuarial valuations to estimate the liability based on historical experience and industry information.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We believe we exist to dignify and transform post-acute care. We set out a strategy to achieve our goal of ensuring our patients are receiving the best possible care through our ability to acquire, integrate and improve our operations. Our results serve as a strong indicator that our strategy is working and our transformation is underway. Over the last five years, our total revenue increased by $2.7 billion, or 111%, representing a 16% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) while our diluted GAAP earning per share (EPS) grew by $2.78 from 2020 to 2025, representing a 14% CAGR.

Our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 increased $797.4 million, or 18.7%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. Throughout 2025, we have continued to make progress on targeted initiatives related to increasing occupancy and the level of acuity and complexity of the patients we serve in our facilities, attracting and developing our people and acquiring underperforming skilled nursing operations and integrating them with our proven cultural and operational principles. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we added 46 new operations. We consistently experience healthy growth in both revenue and overall results as we continue to work diligently with existing and recently acquired operations so that each operation can reach its full clinical and financial potential.

Our Same Facilities occupancy increased by 2.5% to 82.9% during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, demonstrating our ability to gain additional market share even at our more mature operations. Further, our Transitioning Facilities occupancy increased by 4.2% to 84.2% compared to the same period in 2024, highlighting our ability to organically grow and transform underperforming operations that we have acquired.

Throughout most of our history, our business has been affected by seasonal fluctuations in occupancy and acuity, which are most prominent when comparing the summer and winter months of the calendar year. For skilled nursing occupancy and skilled mix, we typically experience stronger occupancy and acuity during the first and fourth quarters and softening in the second and third quarters. Additionally, we historically have acquired operations with lower occupancy and skilled mix. As these operations become "operations of choice" in each of their respective healthcare markets, we typically see both occupancy and skilled mix increase.

Our strength remains in our operating model, which empowers each operator to form their own market-specific strategy and adjust to the needs of their local medical communities, including methods for attracting new healthcare professionals into our workforce and retaining and developing existing staff. As we continue to execute on core fundamentals, we continue to see positive trends on both turnover and agency usage across our operations. During 2025, we added over 6,700 full-time equivalent team members, or 17%, to our independent subsidiaries and the Service Center.

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The following table sets forth details of operating results for our revenue, expenses and earnings, and their respective components, as a percentage of total revenue for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

REVENUE:

Service revenue

99.5 

%

99.5 

%

Rental revenue

0.5 

0.5 

TOTAL REVENUE

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

Expenses:

Cost of services

79.5 

79.3 

Rent—cost of services

4.7 

5.1 

General and administrative expense

5.3 

5.3 

Depreciation and amortization

2.1 

1.9 

TOTAL EXPENSES

91.6 

%

91.6 

%

Income from operations

8.4 

8.4 

Other income (expense):

Interest expense

(0.2)

(0.2)

Interest income

0.5 

0.7 

Other income

0.3 

0.2 

OTHER INCOME, NET

0.6 

%

0.7 

%

Income before provision for income taxes

9.0 

9.1 

Provision for income taxes

2.2 

2.1 

NET INCOME

6.8 

%

7.0 

%

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

— 

— 

 Net income attributable to The Ensign Group, Inc.

6.8 

%

7.0 

%

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

SEGMENT INCOME(1)

(In thousands)

Skilled services

$

616,397 

$

518,463 

Standard Bearer(2)

37,623 

29,335 

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES:

PERFORMANCE METRICS

Adjusted EBT

$

515,860 

$

427,976 

EBITDA

543,132 

449,284 

Adjusted EBITDA

602,350 

490,392 

FFO for Standard Bearer

75,222 

58,632 

VALUATION METRICS

Adjusted EBITDAR

$

841,662 

(1) Segment income represents operating results of the reportable segments excluding gain and loss on sale of assets, real estate insurance recoveries and losses, impairment charges and provision for income taxes. Included in segment income for Standard Bearer are expenses for intercompany management fees between Standard Bearer and the Service Center and intercompany interest expense. Segment income is reconciled to the Consolidated Statement of Income in Note 7, Business Segments in Notes to Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(2) Standard Bearer segment income includes rental revenue and expenses from our independent subsidiaries.

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The following discussion includes references to Adjusted EBT, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDAR and Funds from Operations (FFO) which are non-GAAP financial measures (collectively, the Non-GAAP Financial Measures). Regulation G, Conditions for Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures, and other provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), define and prescribe the conditions for use of certain non-GAAP financial information. These Non-GAAP Financial Measures are used in addition to and in conjunction with results presented in accordance with GAAP. These Non-GAAP Financial Measures should not be relied upon to the exclusion of GAAP financial measures. These Non-GAAP Financial Measures reflect an additional way of viewing aspects of our operations that, when viewed with our GAAP results and the accompanying reconciliations to corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business.

We believe the presentation of certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures are useful to investors and other external users of our financial statements regarding our results of operations because:

•they are widely used by investors and analysts in our industry as a supplemental measure to evaluate the overall performance of companies in our industry without regard to items such as interest income, interest expense and depreciation and amortization, which can vary substantially from company to company depending on the book value of assets, capital structure and the method by which assets were acquired; and

•they help investors evaluate and compare the results of our operations from period to period by removing the impact of our capital structure and asset base from our operating results.

We use the Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

•as measurements of our operating performance to assist us in comparing our operating performance on a consistent basis;

•to allocate resources to enhance the financial performance of our business;

•to assess the value of a potential acquisition;

•to assess the value of a transformed operation's performance;

•to evaluate the effectiveness of our operational strategies; and

•to compare our operating performance to that of our competitors.

We use certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures to compare the operating performance of each operation. These measures are useful in this regard because they do not include such costs as other expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, which may vary from period-to-period depending upon various factors, including the method used to finance operations, the amount of debt that we have incurred, whether an operation is owned or leased, the date of acquisition of a facility or business, and the tax law of the state in which a business unit operates.

We also establish compensation programs and bonuses for our leaders that are partially based upon the achievement of certain Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

Despite the importance of these measures in analyzing our underlying business, designing incentive compensation and for our goal setting, the Non-GAAP Financial Measures have no standardized meaning defined by GAAP. Therefore, certain of our Non-GAAP Financial Measures have limitations as analytical tools, and they should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

•they do not reflect our current or future cash requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

•they do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

•they do not reflect the interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;

•they do not reflect rent expenses, which are necessary to operate our leased operations, in the case of Adjusted EBITDAR;

•they do not reflect any income tax payments we may be required to make;

•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and

•other companies in our industry may calculate these measures differently than we do, which may limit their usefulness as comparative measures.

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We compensate for these limitations by using them only to supplement net income on a basis prepared in accordance with GAAP in order to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business. Management strongly encourages investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and to not rely on any single financial measure. Because these Non-GAAP Financial Measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare these financial measures with other companies’ Non-GAAP financial measures having the same or similar names. These Non-GAAP Financial Measures should not be considered a substitute for, nor superior to, financial results and measures determined or calculated in accordance with GAAP. We strongly urge you to review the reconciliation of income from operations to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures in the table below, along with our Financial Statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document.

We use the following Non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are useful to investors as key valuation and operating performance measures:

PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Adjusted EBT

We adjust income before provision for income taxes (Adjusted EBT) when evaluating our performance because we believe that the exclusion of certain additional items described below provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our ongoing operating performance. We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBT, when combined with income before provision for income taxes and GAAP net income attributable to The Ensign Group, Inc., is beneficial to an investor’s complete understanding of our operating performance. We use this performance measure as an indicator of business performance, as well as for operational planning, decision-making purposes and to determine compensation in our executive compensation plan.

Adjusted EBT is income before provision for income taxes adjusted for non-core business items, which for the reported periods includes, to the extent applicable:

•stock-based compensation expense;

•acquisition related costs;

•costs incurred related to system implementations;

•litigation;

•gain on business interruption recoveries and loss on long-lived assets;

•gain on other investments;

•write off of deferred financing fees; and

•amortization of patient base intangible assets.

EBITDA

We believe EBITDA is useful to investors in evaluating our operating performance because it helps investors evaluate and compare the results of our operations from period to period by removing the impact of our asset base (depreciation and amortization expense) from our operating results.

We calculate EBITDA as net income, adjusted for net losses attributable to noncontrolling interest, before (a) interest income, (b) provision for income taxes, (c) depreciation and amortization, and (d) interest expense.

Adjusted EBITDA

We adjust EBITDA when evaluating our performance because we believe that the exclusion of certain additional items described below provides useful supplemental information to investors regarding our ongoing operating performance, in the case of Adjusted EBITDA. We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, when combined with EBITDA and GAAP net income attributable to The Ensign Group, Inc., is beneficial to an investor’s complete understanding of our operating performance.  

Adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA adjusted for the same non-core business items as listed in Adjusted EBT, except for amortization of patient base intangible assets and write off of deferred financing fees.

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Funds from Operations (FFO)

We consider FFO to be a useful supplemental measure of the operating performance of Standard Bearer. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time as evidenced by the provision for depreciation. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many real estate investors and analysts have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient. In response, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) created FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs, which excludes historical cost depreciation from net income. We define (in accordance with the definition used by NAREIT) FFO to consist of Standard Bearer segment income, excluding depreciation and amortization related to real estate, gains or losses from the sale of real estate, insurance recoveries related to real estate and impairment of long-lived assets.

VALUATION MEASURE

Adjusted EBITDAR

 We use Adjusted EBITDAR as one measure in determining the value of prospective acquisitions. It is also a commonly used measure by our management, research analysts and investors, to compare the enterprise value of different companies in the healthcare industry, without regard to differences in capital structures and leasing arrangements. Adjusted EBITDAR is a financial valuation measure that is not specified in GAAP. This measure is not displayed as a performance measure as it excludes rent expense, which is a normal and recurring operating expense, and is therefore presented only for the current period.

The adjustments made and previously described in the computation of Adjusted EBITDA are also made when computing Adjusted EBITDAR. We calculate Adjusted EBITDAR by excluding rent-cost of services from Adjusted EBITDA.

We believe the use of Adjusted EBITDAR allows the investor to compare operational results of companies who have operating and capital leases. A significant portion of capital lease expenditures are recorded in interest, whereas operating lease expenditures are recorded in rent expense.

The table below reconciles income before provision for income taxes to Adjusted EBT for the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

Consolidated statements of income data:

(In thousands)

Income before provision for income taxes

$

455,622 

$

386,094 

Stock-based compensation expense

48,299 

36,226 

Litigation(1)

12,000 

(1,425)

(Gain) loss on business interruption recoveries and long-lived assets, net

(3,285)

2,335 

Gain on other investments(2)

(2,437)

— 

Acquisition related costs(3)

2,211 

1,019 

Costs incurred related to system implementations

2,430 

2,953 

Depreciation and amortization - patient base(4)

1,020 

574 

Interest expense - write off deferred financing fees(5)

— 

200 

ADJUSTED EBT

$

515,860 

$

427,976 

(1) Represents specific proceedings and adjustments arising outside of the ordinary course of business.

(2) Represents gains on the sale of investments that are not part of our core business operations. These investments have no observable market prices and are held at historical cost basis until sold or impaired.

(3) Represents costs incurred to acquire operations that are not capitalizable.

(4) Represents amortization expenses related to patient base intangible assets at newly acquired skilled nursing and senior living facilities.

(5) Represents the write off of deferred financing fees associated with mortgage loans.

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The table below reconciles net income to EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR for the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

Consolidated statements of income data:

(In thousands)

Net income

$

344,264 

$

298,458 

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

293 

485 

Interest income

24,512 

28,749 

Add: Provision for income taxes

111,358 

87,636 

          Depreciation and amortization

104,327 

84,138 

          Interest expense

7,988 

8,286 

EBITDA

$

543,132 

$

449,284 

Adjustments to EBITDA:

Stock-based compensation expense

48,299 

36,226 

Litigation(1)

12,000 

(1,425)

(Gain) loss on business interruption recoveries and long-lived assets, net

(3,285)

2,335 

Gain on other investments(2)

(2,437)

— 

Acquisition related costs(3)

2,211 

1,019 

Costs incurred related to system implementations

2,430 

2,953 

ADJUSTED EBITDA

$

602,350 

$

490,392 

Rent—cost of services

239,312 

216,016 

ADJUSTED EBITDAR

$

841,662 

(1) Represents specific proceedings and adjustments arising outside of the ordinary course of business.

(2) Represents gains on the sale of investments that are not part of our core business operations. These investments have no observable market prices and are held at historical cost basis until sold or impaired.

(3) Represents costs incurred to acquire operations that are not capitalizable.

Year Ended December 31, 2025 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2024

The following tables set forth details of operating results for our revenue and earnings, and their respective components, by our reportable segment for the periods indicated.

Year Ended December 31, 2025

Skilled Services

Standard Bearer

All Other

Eliminations

Consolidated

Total revenue

$

4,837,809 

$

126,930 

$

232,846 

$

(139,744)

$

5,057,841 

Total expenses, including other income, net

4,221,412 

89,307 

430,171 

(139,744)

4,601,146 

Segment income (loss)

616,397 

37,623 

(197,325)

— 

456,695 

Loss on long-lived assets

(1,073)

Income before provision for income taxes

$

455,622 

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Skilled Services

Standard Bearer

All Other

Eliminations

Consolidated

Total revenue

$

4,076,825 

$

95,086 

$

192,881 

$

(104,307)

$

4,260,485 

Total expenses, including other income, net

3,558,362 

65,751 

352,250 

(104,307)

3,872,056 

Segment income (loss)

518,463 

29,335 

(159,369)

— 

388,429 

Loss on long-lived assets

(2,335)

Income before provision for income taxes

$

386,094 

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Our total revenue increased by $797.4 million, or 18.7%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by an increase in occupancy of 2.5% and 4.2% from our skilled services in Same Facilities and Transitioning Facilities, respectively, coupled with increasing skilled mix and daily revenue rates. In addition, our Recently Acquired Facilities revenue increased by $489.2 million, when compared to the same period in 2024.

Revenue

The following tables present the skilled services revenue and key performance metrics by category during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

Change

% Change

TOTAL FACILITY RESULTS:

(Dollars in thousands)

Skilled services revenue

$

4,837,809 

$

4,076,825 

$

760,984 

18.7 

%

Number of facilities at period end

326 

286 

40 

14.0 

%

Number of campuses at period end(1)

31 

30 

1 

3.3 

%

Actual patient days

10,795,373 

9,431,825 

1,363,548 

14.5 

%

Occupancy percentage — Operational beds

82.2 

%

80.5 

%

1.7 

%

2.1 

%

Skilled mix by nursing days

30.7 

%

29.9 

%

0.8 

%

2.7 

%

Skilled mix by nursing revenue

49.4 

%

48.6 

%

0.8 

%

1.6 

%

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

Change

% Change

SAME FACILITY RESULTS:(2)(5)

(Dollars in thousands)

Skilled services revenue

$

3,424,421 

$

3,214,896 

$

209,525 

6.5 

%

Number of facilities at period end

210 

210 

— 

— 

%

Number of campuses at period end(1)

25 

25 

— 

— 

%

Actual patient days

7,579,892 

7,382,176 

197,716 

2.7 

%

Occupancy percentage — Operational beds

82.9 

%

80.9 

%

2.0 

%

2.5 

%

Skilled mix by nursing days

32.3 

%

31.1 

%

1.2 

%

3.9 

%

Skilled mix by nursing revenue

51.2 

%

49.5 

%

1.7 

%

3.4 

%

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

Change

% Change

TRANSITIONING FACILITY RESULTS:(3)

(Dollars in thousands)

Skilled services revenue

$

760,325 

$

697,529 

$

62,796 

9.0 

%

Number of facilities at period end

48 

48 

— 

— 

%

Number of campuses at period end(1)

2 

2 

— 

— 

%

Actual patient days

1,703,570 

1,639,695 

63,875 

3.9 

%

Occupancy percentage — Operational beds

84.2 

%

80.8 

%

3.4 

%

4.2 

%

Skilled mix by nursing days

29.6 

%

27.8 

%

1.8 

%

6.5 

%

Skilled mix by nursing revenue

50.8 

%

48.6 

%

2.2 

%

4.5 

%

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Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

Change

% Change

RECENTLY ACQUIRED FACILITY RESULTS:(4)

(Dollars in thousands)

Skilled services revenue

$

653,063 

$

163,826 

$

489,237 

NM

Number of facilities at period end

68 

28 

40 

NM

Number of campuses at period end(1)

4 

3 

1 

NM

Actual patient days

1,511,911 

407,872 

1,104,039 

NM

Occupancy percentage — Operational beds

76.9 

%

73.9 

%

NM

NM

Skilled mix by nursing days

23.9 

%

17.6 

%

NM

NM

Skilled mix by nursing revenue

38.3 

%

28.9 

%

NM

NM

(1)Campus represents a facility that offers both skilled nursing and senior living services. Revenue and expenses related to skilled nursing and senior living services have been allocated and recorded in the respective operating segment.

(2)Same Facility results represent all facilities purchased prior to January 1, 2022.

(3)Transitioning Facility results represent all facilities purchased from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023.

(4)Recently Acquired Facility results represent all facilities purchased on or subsequent to January 1, 2024.

(5)Skilled services revenue and key performance metrics for a closed facility were not material and has been excluded from Same Facilities results during the year ended December 31, 2024. The facility was closed in 2024 as the program was transitioned from an intermediate care facility to a group home setting.

Skilled services revenue increased $761.0 million, or 18.7%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increases in skilled services revenue were across all payer types, primarily driven by strong occupancy and skilled mix performance across our skilled services operations. Our consolidated occupancy increased by 2.1% to 82.2% during the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 across all payors, with an increase in skilled days from our operations within Same Facilities and Transitioning Facilities.

Revenue in our Same Facilities increased $209.5 million, or 6.5%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, due to increased occupancy from strong skilled days and revenue per patient day. Our continuous efforts to strengthen our partnerships with various managed care organizations, hospitals and local communities increased our managed care revenue by 9.3%, resulting from an increase in managed care days and revenue per patient day. We continued to grow our Medicare patient population in addition to capturing market share in the increases in Medicare Advantage enrollments of the overall Medicare eligible population. Our Medicare revenue increased by 4.1% due to an increase in Medicare days and revenue per day. In addition, our other skilled revenue has continued to increase as we support the needs of local communities through the expansion of the Veterans Affairs programs.

Revenue in our Transitioning Facilities increased $62.8 million, or 9.0%, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, due to improved occupancy growth, increases in skilled mix days and revenue per patient day. The increases in revenue were derived from managed care revenue of 19.9%, Medicaid revenue of 7.0% and private revenue of 29.5%. The increases are a result of an increase in patient days across all payer types, which reflect our operational fundamentals as we continue to transition and integrate these facilities.

Revenue in our Recently Acquired Facilities increased $489.2 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The 41 operational expansions between January 1, 2025 and December 31, 2025 across 14 states contributed $339.8 million of the total increase.

Historically, we have generally experienced lower occupancy rates and lower skilled mix at Recently Acquired Facilities and therefore, we anticipate lower overall occupancy during years of growth. In the future, if we acquire additional turnaround or start-up operations, we expect to see lower occupancy rates and skilled mix and these metrics are expected to vary from period to period based upon the type of the facilities and operations that we acquire.

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The following table reflects the change in skilled nursing average daily revenue rates by payor source, excluding services that are not covered by the daily rate (1):

Year Ended December 31,

Same Facility

Transitioning

Acquisitions

Total

2025

2024

2025

2024

2025

2024

2025

2024

SKILLED NURSING AVERAGE DAILY REVENUE RATES

Medicare

$

794.60 

$

756.42 

$

867.32 

$

824.75 

$

733.57 

$

640.67 

$

800.94 

$

767.72 

Managed care

580.98 

555.22 

612.73 

569.70 

563.86 

475.65 

583.47 

555.37 

Other skilled

647.55 

627.88 

602.64 

560.62 

702.70 

657.94 

647.69 

620.42 

Total skilled revenue

668.90 

639.75 

730.74 

695.94 

660.49 

577.33 

677.40 

647.28 

Medicaid

306.45 

297.15 

295.11 

282.49 

331.49 

303.57 

308.27 

294.78 

Private and other payors

296.84 

277.27 

313.66 

285.73 

346.37 

301.84 

308.27 

280.24 

Total skilled nursing revenue

$

422.67 

$

401.49 

$

425.65 

$

397.59 

$

412.24 

$

351.38 

$

421.69 

$

398.66 

(1) The rates are based on contractually agreed-upon amounts or rates, excluding the estimates of variable consideration under the revenue recognition standard, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606.

Our Medicare daily rates at Same Facilities and Transitioning Facilities increased by 5.0% and 5.2%, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increases are attributable to the 4.2% and 3.2% net market basket increase that became effective in October 2024 and October 2025, respectively, as well as a shift toward higher acuity patients. As hospitals continue to discharge individuals with more complex medical conditions to skilled nursing facilities, we are experiencing a greater proportion of higher acuity patients, which necessitates more advanced and specialized care.

Our average Medicaid rates increased 4.6% due to state reimbursement increases, our participation in Medicaid supplemental payment and quality improvement programs in various states.

Percentage of Skilled Nursing Services — We use our skilled mix as a measure of the quality of reimbursements we receive at our independent skilled nursing facilities over various periods.

The following tables set forth our percentage of skilled nursing patient revenue and days:

Year Ended December 31,

Same Facility

Transitioning

Acquisitions

Total

2025

2024

2025

2024

2025

2024

2025

2024

PERCENTAGE OF SKILLED NURSING REVENUE

Medicare

21.4 

%

20.7 

%

28.3 

%

28.8 

%

18.1 

%

13.6 

%

22.0 

%

21.9 

%

Managed care

20.3 

19.9 

16.1 

14.7 

13.0 

9.6 

18.6 

18.6 

Other skilled

9.5 

8.9 

6.4 

5.1 

7.2 

5.7 

8.8 

8.1 

Skilled mix

51.2 

%

49.5 

%

50.8 

%

48.6 

%

38.3 

%

28.9 

%

49.4 

%

48.6 

%

Private and other payors

6.9 

7.3 

6.5 

7.3 

11.5 

13.8 

7.5 

7.5 

Medicaid

41.9 

43.2 

42.7 

44.1 

50.2 

57.3 

43.1 

43.9 

TOTAL SKILLED NURSING

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

Year Ended December 31,

Same Facility

Transitioning

Acquisitions

Total

2025

2024

2025

2024

2025

2024

2025

2024

PERCENTAGE OF SKILLED NURSING DAYS

Medicare

11.4 

%

11.0 

%

13.9 

%

13.9 

%

10.1 

%

7.5 

%

11.6 

%

11.4 

%

Managed care

14.8 

14.4 

11.2 

10.3 

9.5 

7.1 

13.5 

13.4 

Other skilled

6.1 

5.7 

4.5 

3.6 

4.3 

3.0 

5.6 

5.1 

Skilled mix

32.3 

%

31.1 

%

29.6 

%

27.8 

%

23.9 

%

17.6 

%

30.7 

%

29.9 

%

Private and other payors

9.9 

10.5 

8.8 

10.1 

13.6 

16.1 

10.3 

10.7 

Medicaid

57.8 

58.4 

61.6 

62.1 

62.5 

66.3 

59.0 

59.4 

TOTAL SKILLED NURSING

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

100.0 

%

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Cost of Services

The following table sets forth total cost of services for our skilled services segment for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

Change

2025

2024

$

%

Cost of service

$

3,846,828 

$

3,242,737 

$

604,091 

18.6 

%

Revenue percentage

79.5 

%

79.5 

%

— 

%

Cost of services related to our skilled services segment increased by $604.1 million, or 18.6%, from the same period in 2024. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue remained consistent at 79.5% as we continued to see stabilization in the labor markets. In addition, our cost of services as a percentage of revenue varies depending on the volume of acquisitions during the period, which typically have higher costs during the transition period.

Standard Bearer

Year Ended December 31,

Change

2025

2024

$

%

(Dollars in thousands)

Rental revenue generated from third-party tenants

$

19,370 

$

16,976 

$

2,394 

14.1 

%

Rental revenue generated from Ensign's independent subsidiaries

107,560 

78,110 

29,450 

37.7 

TOTAL RENTAL REVENUE

$

126,930 

$

95,086 

$

31,844 

33.5 

%

Segment income

37,623 

29,335 

8,288 

28.3 

Depreciation and amortization

37,599 

29,297 

8,302 

28.3 

FFO

$

75,222 

$

58,632 

$

16,590 

28.3 

%

Rental revenue — Our rental revenue, including revenue generated from our independent subsidiaries, increased by $31.8 million, or 33.5%, to $126.9 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in revenue is primarily attributable to 28 real estate purchases as well as annual rent increases since the year ended December 31, 2024.

FFO — Our FFO increased by $16.6 million, or 28.3%, to $75.2 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in rental revenue of $31.8 million is offset by increases in interest expense of $14.8 million associated with the debt arrangements between Standard Bearer and us as Standard Bearer continues to grow its real estate portfolio.

All Other Revenue

Our other revenue increased by $40.0 million, or 20.7%, to $232.8 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024. Other revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 includes senior living revenue of $112.0 million, revenue from other ancillary services of $108.3 million and rental income of $12.5 million. The increase in other revenue is primarily attributable to growth in our other ancillary services.

Consolidated Financial Expenses

Rent-cost of services — Our rent-cost of services as a percentage of revenue decreased by 0.4% to 4.7%, as the expansions in our footprint have resulted from more real estate purchases than leased properties.

General and administrative expense — General and administrative expense increased by $44.7 million or 19.8%, to $269.8 million. This increase was primarily driven by additional headcount due to acquisition activities. General and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue remained consistent at 5.3%.

Depreciation and amortization — Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $20.2 million, or 24.0%, to $104.3 million. This increase was primarily related to the additional depreciation and amortization incurred as a result of our newly acquired operations, which have a greater mix of real estate purchases than leases, and capital investments. Depreciation and amortization increased 0.2%, to 2.1%, as a percentage of revenue.

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Other income, net — Other income primarily includes interest income from our investments, interest expense related to our debt and deferred compensation gains and losses. Other income, net increased by $2.5 million due to a $2.4 million realized gain on other investments not core to our business operations and a $3.2 million gain on our deferred compensation plan offset by a decrease in interest income of $4.2 million as we utilized our cash on hand to fund more real estate purchases during the period. Changes in our deferred compensation plan are a result of gains or losses depending on market performance. Other income, net as a percentage of revenue decreased by 0.1%.

Provision for income taxes — Our effective tax rate was 24.4% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 22.7% for the same period in 2024. The effective tax rate for both periods was driven by the impact of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, partially offset by non-deductible expenses, including non-deductible compensation. See Note 12, Income Taxes, in the Financial Statements for further discussion.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity have historically been derived from our cash flows from operations, long-term debt secured by our real property and borrowings under our Credit Facility (defined below). Our liquidity as of December 31, 2025 is impacted by cash generated from strong operational performance offset by investments made for our acquisitions as well as capital expenditures to improve the quality of care at our existing operations.

Historically, we have primarily financed the majority of our acquisitions through mortgages on our properties, our Credit Facility and cash generated from operations. Cash paid to fund acquisitions was $323.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to $156.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Total capital expenditures for property and equipment were $193.6 million and $158.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We currently have approximately $190.0 million budgeted for renovation projects in 2026. We believe our current cash balances, our cash flow from operations and the amounts available for borrowing under our Credit Facility will be sufficient to cover our operating needs for at least the next 12 months.

We may, in the future, seek to raise additional capital to fund growth, capital renovations, operations and other business activities, but such additional capital may not be available on acceptable terms, on a timely basis, or at all.

Our cash and cash equivalents of approximately $503.9 million as of December 31, 2025 consisted of bank deposits and money market funds. In addition, as of December 31, 2025, we held investments of approximately $235.3 million. We believe our investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2025 do not require an allowance for expected credit losses, nor has any event occurred subsequent to that date that would indicate so.

Our primary source of cash is from our ongoing operations. Our positive cash flows have supported our business and have allowed us to pay regular dividends to our stockholders. We currently anticipate that existing cash and total investments as of December 31, 2025, along with projected operating cash flows and available financing, will support our normal business operations for the foreseeable future.

Share Repurchases

On May 15, 2025, the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program pursuant to which we are authorized to repurchase up to $20.0 million of our common stock under the program for a period of approximately 12 months from June 16, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we did not repurchase any shares pursuant to this stock repurchase program.

On February 21, 2025, the Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program pursuant to which we were authorized to repurchase up to $20.0 million of our common stock under the program for a period of approximately 12 months from March 26, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we repurchased 157 shares of our common stock for $20.0 million. This repurchase program expired upon the repurchase of the fully authorized amount under the plan and is no longer in effect.

Under our repurchase program, we are authorized to repurchase our issued and outstanding common shares from time to time in open-market and privately negotiated transactions, tender offers, pursuant to contractual provisions, and block trades, or otherwise in accordance with federal securities laws. The stock repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares. Any such repurchases will depend on our business strategy, prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions or covenants, compliance with securities laws, and other factors. The amounts involved in any such transaction may be material.

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The following table presents selected data from our consolidated statement of cash flows for the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,

2025

2024

NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN):

(In thousands)

Operating activities

$

564,270 

$

347,186 

Investing activities

(513,177)

(390,052)

Financing activities

(11,810)

(2,162)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

$

39,283 

$

(45,028)

Cash and cash equivalents beginning of period

464,598 

509,626 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$

503,881 

$

464,598 

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities is net income adjusted for certain non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities.

The $217.1 million increase in cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was due to an increase in operational performance and timing of payments and accounts receivable collections. Additionally, in the same period in 2024, we paid $48.0 million related to the litigation matter discussed in Item 3., Legal Proceedings.

Investing Activities

Investing cash flows consist primarily of capital expenditures, investment activities, insurance proceeds and cash used for acquisitions.

The $123.1 million increase in cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily used for acquisitions and capital expenditures offset by maturities of our investments.

Financing Activities

Financing cash flows consist primarily of cash provided by the issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options, payment of dividends to stockholders, issuance and repayment of short-term and long-term debt and payment for share repurchases.

The $9.6 million increase in cash used by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, was primarily due to $20.0 million of share repurchases in 2025 as part of our stock repurchase program offset by an increase in cash provided by the issuance of stock options.

A discussion of our cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2023 is included in Part II., Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 5, 2025.

Material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations

Total long-term debt obligations outstanding as of the end of each fiscal year were as follows:

December 31,

2025

2024

2023

2022

2021

(In thousands)

Mortgage loan and promissory notes

144,352 

148,438 

152,388 

156,271 

159,967 

TOTAL

$

144,352 

$

148,438 

$

152,388 

$

156,271 

$

159,967 

Significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2025 were as follows, including the future periods in which payments are expected:

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2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

Thereafter

Total

(In thousands)

Operating lease obligations

$

238,459 

$

238,047 

$

237,089 

$

231,668 

$

226,246 

$

1,904,147 

$

3,075,656 

Long-term debt obligations

4,227 

3,897 

3,779 

3,896 

4,017 

124,536 

144,352 

Interest payments on long-term debt

4,346 

4,207 

4,091 

3,974 

3,853 

46,610 

67,081 

TOTAL

$

247,032 

$

246,151 

$

244,959 

$

239,538 

$

234,116 

$

2,075,293 

$

3,287,089 

Not included in the table above are our actuarially determined self-insured general and professional malpractice liability, workers' compensation and medical (including prescription drugs) and dental healthcare obligations, which are broken out between current and long-term liabilities in our financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The settlement funds of $48.0 million discussed in Item 3., Legal Proceedings, were fully paid during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Credit Facility with a Lending Consortium Arranged by Truist

We maintain a revolving credit facility with Truist Securities (Truist) (the Credit Facility) with availability of up to $600.0 million in aggregate principal. The maturity date of the Credit Facility is April 8, 2027. Borrowings are supported by a lending consortium arranged by Truist. The interest rates applicable to loans under the Credit Facility are, at our option, equal to either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 1.25% per annum or SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 2.25% per annum, based on the Consolidated Total Net Debt to Consolidated EBITDA ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility). In addition, there is a commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitments that ranges from 0.20% to 0.40% per annum, depending on the Consolidated Total Net Debt to Consolidated EBITDA ratio.

Mortgage Loans and Promissory Note

As of December 31, 2025, 23 of our subsidiaries had mortgage loans insured with HUD for an aggregate amount of $143.4 million, which subjects these subsidiaries to HUD oversight and periodic inspections. The mortgage loans bear effective interest rates at a range of 3.1% to 4.2%, including fixed interest rates at a range of 2.4% to 3.3% per annum. In addition to the interest rate, we incur other fees for HUD placement, including but not limited to audit fees. Amounts borrowed under the mortgage loans may be prepaid, subject to prepayment fees of the principal balance on the date of prepayment. For the majority of the loans, during the first three years, the prepayment fee is 10.0%, and is reduced by 3.0% in the fourth year of the loan, and reduced by 1.0% per year for years five through ten of the loan. There is no prepayment penalty after year ten. The terms for all the mortgage loans are 25 to 35 years.

In addition to the HUD mortgage loans, one of our subsidiaries has a promissory note that bears a fixed interest rate of 5.3% per annum and has a term of 12 years. The note, which was used for an acquisition, is secured by the real property comprising the facility and the rent, issues and profits thereof, as well as all personal property used in the operation of the facility.

Operating Leases

As of December 31, 2025, 253 of our facilities have long-term lease arrangements, of which 104 of the operations are under eight triple-net Master Leases with CareTrust. The Master Leases consist of multiple leases, each with its own pool of properties, that have varying maturities and diversity in property geography. Under each master lease, our individual subsidiaries that operate those properties are the tenants and CareTrust's individual subsidiaries that own the properties subject to the Master Leases are the landlords. The rent structure under the Master Leases includes a fixed component, subject to annual escalation equal to the lesser of the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (but not less than zero) or 2.5%. At our option, we can extend the Master Leases for two or three five-year renewal terms beyond the initial term, on the same terms and conditions. If we elect to renew the term of a Master Lease, the renewal will be effective as to all, but not less than all, of the leased property then subject to the Master Lease.

We also lease certain facilities under non-cancelable operating leases, most of which have initial lease terms ranging from 15 to 20 years and are subject to annual escalation equal to the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index with a stated cap percentage. In addition, we lease certain of our equipment under non-cancelable operating leases with initial terms ranging from three to five years. Most of these leases contain renewal options, certain of which involve rent increases.

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Our 104 independent subsidiaries, excluding the subsidiaries that are operated under the Master Leases from CareTrust, are operated under 19 separate Master Leases. Under these master leases, a default at a single facility could subject one or more of the other independent subsidiaries covered by the same master lease to the same default risk. Failure to comply with Medicare and Medicaid provider requirements is a default under several of our leases, master lease agreements and debt financing instruments. In addition, other potential defaults related to an individual facility may cause a default of an entire master lease portfolio and could trigger cross-default provisions in our outstanding debt arrangements and other leases. With an indivisible lease, it is difficult to restructure the composition of the portfolio or economic terms of the lease without the consent of the landlord.

Inflation

We have historically derived a substantial portion of our revenue from the Medicare program. We also derive revenue from state Medicaid and similar reimbursement programs. Payments under these programs generally provide for reimbursement levels that are adjusted for inflation annually based upon the state’s fiscal year for the Medicaid programs and in each October for the Medicare program. These adjustments may not continue in the future, and even if received, such adjustments may not reflect the actual increase in our costs for providing healthcare services.

Labor, supply expenses and capital expenditures make up a substantial portion of our cost of services. Those expenses can be subject to increase in periods of rising inflation, tariffs enforcement and when labor shortages occur in the marketplace. To date, we have generally been able to implement cost control measures or obtain increases in reimbursement sufficient to offset increases in these expenses. There can be no assurance that we will be able to anticipate fully or otherwise respond to any future inflationary pressures.