CAMDEN NATIONAL CORP (CAC)
SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Depository Institutions > SIC 6021 National Commercial Banks
SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=750686. Latest filing source: 0000750686-26-000010.
Informational only - descriptive public-record data, not investment advice.
Business
Read CAC's verbatim Item 1 Business section from its latest 10-K: Business.
Risk Factors
Read CAC's verbatim Item 1A Risk Factors from its latest 10-K: Risk Factors.
Selected Fundamentals
| Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 320,655,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-06 |
| Net income | 65,160,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-06 |
| Assets | 6,974,584,000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-03-06 |
Financials
Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-03-06. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000750686.json. Derived margins, ratios, and free cash flow are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 129,626,000 | 136,104,000 | 151,377,000 | 168,518,000 | 157,200,000 | 148,484,000 | 172,788,000 | 226,246,000 | 249,557,000 | 320,655,000 |
| Net income | 40,067,000 | 28,476,000 | 53,071,000 | 57,203,000 | 59,486,000 | 69,014,000 | 61,439,000 | 43,383,000 | 53,004,000 | 65,160,000 |
| Diluted EPS | 2.57 | 1.82 | 3.39 | 3.69 | 3.95 | 4.60 | 4.17 | 2.97 | 3.62 | 3.84 |
| Operating cash flow | 57,418,000 | 58,334,000 | 64,334,000 | 32,871,000 | 18,230,000 | 142,716,000 | 105,183,000 | 67,508,000 | 60,933,000 | 63,912,000 |
| Capital expenditures | 1,671,000 | 2,844,000 | 5,021,000 | 4,267,000 | 2,926,000 | 1,852,000 | 2,183,000 | 2,622,000 | 5,576,000 | 5,708,000 |
| Dividends paid | 12,394,000 | 14,323,000 | 17,170,000 | 18,572,000 | 19,842,000 | 21,081,000 | 23,512,000 | 24,536,000 | 24,558,000 | 28,472,000 |
| Share buybacks | 0.00 | 0.00 | 27,000 | 20,795,000 | 9,689,000 | 10,090,000 | 10,240,000 | 2,000,000 | 1,609,000 | 0.00 |
| Assets | 3,864,230,000 | 4,065,398,000 | 4,297,435,000 | 4,429,521,000 | 4,898,745,000 | 5,500,356,000 | 5,671,850,000 | 5,714,506,000 | 5,805,138,000 | 6,974,584,000 |
| Liabilities | 3,472,683,000 | 3,661,985,000 | 3,861,610,000 | 3,956,106,000 | 4,369,431,000 | 4,959,062,000 | 5,220,572,000 | 5,219,442,000 | 5,273,907,000 | 6,278,026,000 |
| Stockholders' equity | 391,547,000 | 403,413,000 | 435,825,000 | 473,415,000 | 529,314,000 | 541,294,000 | 451,278,000 | 495,064,000 | 531,231,000 | 696,558,000 |
| Free cash flow | 55,747,000 | 55,490,000 | 59,313,000 | 28,604,000 | 15,304,000 | 140,864,000 | 103,000,000 | 64,886,000 | 55,357,000 | 58,204,000 |
Ratios
| Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net margin | 30.91% | 20.92% | 35.06% | 33.94% | 37.84% | 46.48% | 35.56% | 19.18% | 21.24% | 20.32% |
| Return on equity | 10.23% | 7.06% | 12.18% | 12.08% | 11.24% | 12.75% | 13.61% | 8.76% | 9.98% | 9.35% |
| Return on assets | 1.04% | 0.70% | 1.23% | 1.29% | 1.21% | 1.25% | 1.08% | 0.76% | 0.91% | 0.93% |
| Liabilities / equity | 8.87 | 9.08 | 8.86 | 8.36 | 8.25 | 9.16 | 11.57 | 10.54 | 9.93 | 9.01 |
Industry Peer Context
Net margin peer context
ROE peer context
ROA peer context
Financial Bridges
Free cash flow = operating cash flow - capital expenditures
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts FY 2025. Operating cash flow: accession 0000750686-26-000010; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | Capital expenditures: accession 0000750686-26-000010; concept PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | Free cash flow: accession 0000750686-26-000010; concept NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment; source concepts us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment
Financial Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsOfDividendsCommonStock.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock. Source concepts: us-gaap:PaymentsForRepurchaseOfCommonStock.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: Assets. Source concepts: us-gaap:Assets.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: Liabilities. Source concepts: us-gaap:Liabilities.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: StockholdersEquity. Source concepts: us-gaap:StockholdersEquity.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2025 ended 2025-12-31; accession 0000750686-26-000010; filed 2026-03-06. Concept: NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities - PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities; us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment.
Quarterly
Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-07. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000750686.json.
| Quarter | End Date | Revenue | Net Income | Diluted EPS | Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-Q2 | 2022-06-30 | 1.02 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 | 0.97 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 | 0.87 | reported discrete quarter | ||
| 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | 56,055,000 | 12,389,000 | 0.85 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 57,669,000 | 9,787,000 | 0.67 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 59,797,000 | 8,480,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 60,183,000 | 13,272,000 | 0.91 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 62,162,000 | 11,993,000 | 0.81 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 63,721,000 | 13,073,000 | 0.90 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 63,491,000 | 14,666,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 78,395,000 | 7,326,000 | 0.43 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 79,323,000 | 14,081,000 | 0.83 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 80,894,000 | 21,194,000 | 1.25 | reported discrete quarter |
| 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 82,043,000 | 22,559,000 | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | |
| 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 78,371,000 | 21,883,000 | 1.29 | reported discrete quarter |
Quarterly Charts
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0000750686-26-000026; filed 2026-05-07. Concept: InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating. Source concepts: us-gaap:InterestAndDividendIncomeOperating.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0000750686-26-000026; filed 2026-05-07. Concept: NetIncomeLoss. Source concepts: us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss.
Figure provenance: SEC companyfacts. Latest point: FY 2026 ended 2026-03-31; accession 0000750686-26-000026; filed 2026-05-07. Concept: EarningsPerShareDiluted. Source concepts: us-gaap:EarningsPerShareDiluted.
Macro Cross-References
- CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
- UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
- FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
- CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
- DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
- DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
- DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
- DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
- DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
- T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
- CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
- CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
- CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
- CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
- PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
- PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
- PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
- T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
- U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
- PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
- CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
- EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
- UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
- CE16OV - Employment Level
- ICSA - Initial Claims
- JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
- JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
- GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
- A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
- INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
- TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
- HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
- PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
- RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
- PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
- PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
- M2SL - M2
- BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
- MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
- HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
- RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
- TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
- RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
- TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
- DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
- GDP - Gross Domestic Product
- GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
- GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
- PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
- NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
- GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
- GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
- FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
- FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
- FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
- MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
- USCONS - All Employees, Construction
- USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
- USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
- USGOVT - All Employees, Government
- AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
- DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
- NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
- BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
- EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
- IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
- IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
- PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand
Latest quarter (10-Q)
Latest 10-Q source: 0000750686-26-000026.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The discussions set forth below and in the documents we incorporate by reference herein contain certain statements that may be considered forward-looking statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including certain plans, expectations, goals, projections, and statements, which are subject to numerous risks, assumptions, and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “assume,” “plan,” “target,” “potential” or “goal” or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “could” and other expressions which predict or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate to historical matters. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult for the Company to predict. The actual results, performance or achievements of the Company may differ materially from what is reflected in such forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements should not be relied on, because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond the control of the Company. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
The following factors, among others, could cause the Company’s financial performance to differ materially from the Company’s goals, plans, objectives, intentions, expectations and other forward-looking statements:
•weakness in the United States economy in general and the regional and local economies within the Northern New England region, which could result in a deterioration of credit quality, an increase in the allowance for credit losses or a reduced demand for the Company’s credit or fee-based products and services;
•changes in trade, monetary, and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the imposition of tariffs or retaliatory tariffs;
•inflation, interest rate, market, and monetary fluctuations;
•ongoing competition in the labor markets and increased employee turnover;
•the adequacy of succession planning for key executives or other personnel, and the Company’s ability to transition effectively to new members of the senior executive team;
•competitive pressures, including continued industry consolidation and the increased financial services provided by non-banks;
•deterioration in the value of the Company's investment securities;
•commercial real estate vacancies and their impact on the ability of borrowers to repay their loans;
•volatility in the securities markets that could adversely affect the value or credit quality of the Company’s assets, impairment of goodwill, or the availability and terms of funding necessary to meet the Company’s liquidity needs;
•changes in information technology and other operational risks, including cybersecurity and artificial intelligence, that require increased capital spending and introduce additional risk;
•changes in consumer spending and savings habits;
•changes in tax, banking, securities and insurance laws and regulations;
•the outcome of pending and future litigation and governmental proceedings, including tax-related examinations and other matters;
•changes in accounting policies, practices and standards, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies as well as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), and other accounting standard setters;
•the effects of climate change on the Company and its customers, borrowers or service providers;
•the effects of civil unrest, international hostilities, including hostilities in Iran, or other geopolitical events;
•the effects of epidemics and pandemics;
•turmoil and volatility in the financial services industry, including failures or rumors of failures of other depository
40
institutions, which could affect the ability of depository institutions, including Camden National Bank, to attract and retain depositors, and could affect the ability of financial services providers, including the Company, to borrow or raise capital;
•actions taken by governmental agencies to stabilize the financial system and the effectiveness of such actions;
•increases in deposit insurance assessments due to bank failures;
•changes to regulatory capital requirements; and
•questions about the soundness of one or more financial institutions with which the Company does business.
In addition, statements regarding the potential effects of notable national and global current events, including hostilities in Iran and recent rulings on the permissibility of certain tariffs, on the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may constitute forward-looking statements and are subject to the risk that the actual effects may differ, possibly materially, from what is reflected in those forward-looking statements due to factors and future developments that are uncertain, unpredictable and in many cases beyond the Company's control.
You should carefully review all of these factors, and be aware that there may be other factors that could cause differences, including the risk factors listed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, as updated by the Company's quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, including this report, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Readers should carefully review the risk factors described therein and should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements were based on information, plans and estimates at the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events or other changes, except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation.
41
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
In addition to evaluating the Company’s results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures such as: adjusted net income; adjusted diluted earnings per share; adjusted return on average assets; adjusted return on average equity; pre-tax, pre-provision income and adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision income; return on average tangible equity and adjusted return on average tangible equity; the efficiency and tangible common equity ratios; net interest margin and core net interest margin (both on a fully-taxable equivalent basis); tangible book value per share; core deposits and average core deposits. We utilize these non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of measuring performance against the Company's peer group and other financial institutions, as well as for analyzing its internal performance. The Company also believes these non-GAAP financial measures help investors better understand the Company's operating performance and trends and allows for better performance comparisons to other banks. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures remove the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP operating results, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other financial institutions.
Adjusted Net Income; Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share; Adjusted Return on Average Assets; and Adjusted Return on Average Equity. The following table provides a reconciliation of net income, diluted EPS, return on average assets and return on average equity to adjusted net income, adjusted diluted EPS, adjusted return on average assets and adjusted return on average equity. Certain non-recurring transactions have been excluded to calculate adjusted net income, adjusted diluted EPS, adjusted return on average assets and adjusted return on average equity. We believe the following adjusted financial information and metrics assist users of our financial statements with their financial analysis period-over-period as it adjusts for certain non-recurring items.
42
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands, except number of shares, per share data and ratios) | 2026 | 2025 | |||||
| Adjusted Net Income: | |||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 21,883 | $ | 7,326 | |||
| Adjustments before taxes: | |||||||
| Provision for non-PCD acquired loans | — | 6,294 | |||||
| Provision for acquired unfunded commitments | — | 249 | |||||
| Merger and acquisition costs | — | 7,525 | |||||
| Total adjustments before taxes | — | 14,068 | |||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | — | (3,205) | |||||
| Adjustment for deferred tax valuation adjustment(2) | — | (2,421) | |||||
| Adjusted net income | $ | 21,883 | $ | 15,768 | |||
| Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share: | |||||||
| Diluted earnings per share, as presented | $ | 1.29 | $ | 0.43 | |||
| Adjustments before taxes: | |||||||
| Provision for non-PCD acquired loans | — | 0.37 | |||||
| Provision for acquired unfunded commitments | — | 0.01 | |||||
| Merger and acquisition costs | — | 0.45 | |||||
| Total adjustments before taxes | — | 0.83 | |||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | — | (0.19) | |||||
| Adjustment for deferred tax valuation adjustment(2) | — | (0.14) | |||||
| Adjusted diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.29 | $ | 0.93 | |||
| Adjusted Return on Average Assets: | |||||||
| Return on average assets, as presented | 1.28 | % | 0.43 | % | |||
| Adjustments before taxes: | |||||||
| Provision for non-PCD acquired loans | — | % | 0.37 | % | |||
| Provision for acquired unfunded commitments | — | % | 0.01 | % | |||
| Merger and acquisition costs | — | % | 0.44 | % | |||
| Total adjustments before taxes | — | % | 0.82 | % | |||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | — | % | (0.19) | % | |||
| Adjustment for deferred tax valuation adjustment(2) | — | % | (0.14) | % | |||
| Adjusted return on average assets | 1.28 | % | 0.92 | % | |||
| Adjusted Return on Average Equity: | |||||||
| Return on average equity, as presented | 12.58 | % | 4.75 | % | |||
| Adjustments before taxes: | |||||||
| Provision for non-PCD acquired loans | — | % | 4.08 | % | |||
| Provision for acquired unfunded commitments | — | % | 0.16 | % | |||
| Merger and acquisition costs | — | % | 4.88 | % | |||
| Total adjustments before taxes | — | % | 9.12 | % | |||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | — | % | (2.08) | % | |||
| Adjustment for deferred tax valuation adjustment(2) | — | % | (1.57) | % | |||
| Adjusted return on average equity | 12.58 | % | 10.22 | % |
(1) Calculated using an estimated combined marginal income tax rate of 23%.
(2) A one-time deferred tax valuation adjustment of $2.4 million resulted from a change in the apportionment of state income taxes due to the Northway acquisition.
43
Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income and Adjusted Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is a supplemental measure of operating earnings and performance. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is calculated as net income before provision for credit losses and income tax expense. This supplemental measure has become more widely used by financial institutions as a measure of financial performance for comparability across financial institutions.
Adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision income is a s
[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]
Latest 10-K MD&A
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations and financial condition at and for the year ended December 31, 2025, and where appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and selected consolidated financial data.
Refer to the Company’s 2024 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025 for the discussion of results of operations and financial condition at and for the year ended December 31, 2024.
34
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The following is provided to aid the reader and provide a reference page when reviewing this section of the Form 10-K:
| Acronym | Description | Acronym | Description | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFS: | Available-for-sale | GDP: | Gross domestic product | |||
| ALCO: | Asset/Liability Committee | HTM: | Held-to-maturity | |||
| ACL: | Allowance for credit losses | LGD: | Loss given default | |||
| AOCI: | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | LIBOR: | London Interbank Offered Rate | |||
| ASC: | Accounting Standards Codification | LTIP: | Long-Term Performance Share Plan | |||
| ASU: | Accounting Standards Update | Management ALCO: | Management Asset/Liability Committee | |||
| Bank: | Camden National Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Corporation | MBS: | Mortgage-backed security | |||
| BOLI: | Bank-owned life insurance | MSPP: | Management Stock Purchase Plan | |||
| Board ALCO: | Board of Directors' Asset/Liability Committee | N/A: | Not applicable | |||
| BTFP: | Bank Term Funding Program, introduced by the Federal Reserve Bank in March 2023 | NCT III: | Northway Capital Trust III, an unconsolidated entity formed by Northway Financial, Inc., acquired by the Company on January 2, 2025 | |||
| CCTA: | Camden Capital Trust A, an unconsolidated entity formed by Camden National Corporation | NCT IV: | Northway Capital Trust IV, an unconsolidated entity formed by Northway Financial, Inc., acquired by the Company on January 2, 2025 | |||
| CD: | Certificate of deposits | Northway | Northway Financial, Inc., acquired by the Company on January 2, 2025 | |||
| CDI: | Core deposit intangible | Northway Bank | Wholly-owned subsidiary bank of Northway Financial, Inc., which merged into Camden National Bank on January 2, 2025 | |||
| CECL: | Current Expected Credit Losses | N.M.: | Not meaningful | |||
| Company: | Camden National Corporation | OBBBA: | One Big Beautiful Bill Act | |||
| CMO: | Collateralized mortgage obligation | OCC: | Office of the Comptroller of the Currency | |||
| CPR: | Conditional prepayment rate | OCI: | Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||
| CUSIP: | Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures | OREO: | Other real estate owned | |||
| DCRP: | Defined Contribution Retirement Plan | PCD: | Purchase Credit Deteriorated | |||
| EPS: | Earnings per share | PD: | Probability of default | |||
| FASB: | Financial Accounting Standards Board | ROU: | Right-of-use | |||
| FDIC: | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | SBA: | U.S. Small Business Administration | |||
| FHLBB: | Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston | SERP: | Supplemental executive retirement plans | |||
| FRB: | Federal Reserve System Board of Governors | SOFR: | Secured Overnight Financing Rate | |||
| FRBB: | Federal Reserve Bank of Boston | UBCT: | Union Bankshares Capital Trust I, an unconsolidated entity formed by Union Bankshares Company that was subsequently acquired by Camden National Corporation | |||
| GAAP: | Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States | U.S.: | United States of America |
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
In addition to evaluating the Company’s results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as adjusted net income; adjusted diluted earnings per share; adjusted return on average assets; adjusted return on average equity; pre-tax, pre-provision income and adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision income; the efficiency ratio; return on average tangible equity and adjusted return on average tangible equity; tangible book value per share and tangible common equity ratio; net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent); core net interest margin (fully taxable equivalent); and core deposits and average core deposits. We utilize these non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of measuring our performance against our peer group and other financial institutions and analyzing our internal performance. We also believe these non-GAAP financial measures help investors better understand the Company’s operating performance and trends and allow for better performance comparisons to other banks. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures remove the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP operating results, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other financial institutions.
Adjusted Net Income; Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share; Adjusted Return on Average Assets; and Adjusted Return on Average Equity. Adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, adjusted return on average assets and adjusted return on average equity are each supplemental measures that exclude certain transactions as outlined and calculated in the table below. Each item reconciles to reported net income, diluted earnings per share, return on average assets and return on average equity. The Company believes these adjusted financial metrics assist users of its financial statements with their financial analysis period-over-period as they are adjusted for certain non-recurring items.
| For the Year EndedDecember 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands, except number of shares, per share data and ratios) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Adjusted Net Income: | |||||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 65,160 | $ | 53,004 | $ | 43,383 | |||||
| Adjustments before taxes: | |||||||||||
| Provision for non-PCD acquired loans | 6,294 | — | — | ||||||||
| Provision for acquired unfunded commitments | 249 | — | — | ||||||||
| Merger and acquisition costs | 9,286 | 1,159 | — | ||||||||
| Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net | (675) | — | — | ||||||||
| Net loss on sale of securities | — | — | 10,310 | ||||||||
| Signature Bank bond (recovery) write-off | — | (910) | 1,838 | ||||||||
| Total adjustments before taxes | 15,154 | 249 | 12,148 | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments, as applicable(1) | (3,454) | 179 | (2,551) | ||||||||
| Adjustment for deferred tax valuation adjustment(2) | (2,421) | — | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted net income | $ | 74,439 | $ | 53,432 | $ | 52,980 | |||||
| Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share: | |||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share, as presented | $ | 3.84 | $ | 3.62 | $ | 2.97 | |||||
| Adjustments before taxes: | |||||||||||
| Provision for non-PCD acquired loans | 0.37 | — | — | ||||||||
| Provision for acquired unfunded commitments | 0.01 | — | — | ||||||||
| Merger and acquisition costs | 0.55 | 0.08 | — | ||||||||
| Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net | (0.04) | — | — | ||||||||
| Net loss on sale of securities | — | — | 0.71 | ||||||||
| Signature Bank bond (recovery) write-off | — | (0.06) | 0.13 | ||||||||
| Total adjustments before taxes | 0.89 | 0.02 | 0.84 | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments, as applicable(1) | (0.20) | 0.01 | (0.18) | ||||||||
| Adjustment for deferred tax valuation adjustment(2) | (0.14) | — | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted diluted earnings per share | $ | 4.39 | $ | 3.65 | $ | 3.63 |
(1) Calculated using an estimated combined marginal income tax rate of 23% for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 21% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(2) A one-time deferred tax valuation adjustment of $2.4 million resulted from a change in the apportionment of state income taxes due to the Northway acquisition.
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| For the Year EndedDecember 31, | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands, except number of shares, per share data and ratios) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Adjusted Return on Average Assets: | |||||||||
| Return on average assets, as presented | 0.94 | % | 0.92 | % | 0.76 | % | |||
| Adjustments before taxes: | |||||||||
| Provision for non-PCD acquired loans | 0.09 | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Provision for acquired unfunded commitments | 0.01 | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Merger and acquisition costs | 0.13 | % | 0.02 | % | — | % | |||
| Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net | (0.01) | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Net loss on sale of securities | — | % | — | % | 0.18 | % | |||
| Signature Bank bond (recovery) write-off | — | % | (0.02) | % | 0.03 | % | |||
| Total adjustments before taxes | 0.22 | % | — | % | 0.21 | % | |||
| Tax impact of above adjustments, as applicable(1) | (0.05) | % | — | % | (0.04) | % | |||
| Adjustment for deferred tax valuation adjustment(2) | (0.04) | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Adjusted return on average assets | 1.07 | % | 0.92 | % | 0.93 | % | |||
| Adjusted Return on Average Equity: | |||||||||
| Return on average equity, as presented | 9.96 | % | 10.36 | % | 9.30 | % | |||
| Adjustments before taxes: | |||||||||
| Provision for non-PCD acquired loans | 0.96 | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Provision for acquired unfunded commitments | 0.04 | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Merger and acquisition costs | 1.42 | % | 0.23 | % | — | % | |||
| Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net | (0.10) | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Net loss on sale of securities | — | % | — | % | 2.21 | % | |||
| Signature Bank bond (recovery) write-off | — | % | (0.18) | % | 0.39 | % | |||
| Total adjustments before taxes | 2.32 | % | 0.05 | % | 2.60 | % | |||
| Tax impact of above adjustments, as applicable(1) | (0.53) | % | 0.04 | % | (0.55) | % | |||
| Adjustment for deferred tax valuation adjustment(2) | (0.37) | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Adjusted return on average equity | 11.38 | % | 10.45 | % | 11.35 | % |
(1) Calculated using an estimated combined marginal income tax rate of 23% for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 21% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
(2) A one-time deferred tax valuation adjustment of $2.4 million resulted from a change in the apportionment of state income taxes due to the Northway acquisition.
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Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income and Adjusted Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is a supplemental measure of operating earnings and performance. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is calculated as net income before adjustment for provision (credit) for credit losses and adjustment for income tax expense. This supplemental measure became widely used by financial institutions as a measure of financial performance for comparability across financial institutions.
Adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision income is a supplemental measure with certain non-recurring expenses excluded. We believe the following adjusted financial information and metrics assist users of our financial statements with their financial analysis period-over-period as it adjusts for certain non-recurring items.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 65,160 | $ | 53,004 | $ | 43,383 | |||||
| Adjustment for provision (credit) for credit losses | 22,290 | (404) | 2,100 | ||||||||
| Adjustment for income tax expense | 13,495 | 12,456 | 10,453 | ||||||||
| Pre-tax, pre-provision income | $ | 100,945 | $ | 65,056 | $ | 55,936 | |||||
| Adjustment for merger and acquisition costs | $ | 9,286 | $ | 1,159 | $ | — | |||||
| Adjustment for gain on sale of premises and equipment, net | (675) | — | — | ||||||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | — | — | 10,310 | ||||||||
| Adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision income | $ | 109,556 | $ | 66,215 | $ | 66,246 |
Efficiency Ratio. The efficiency ratio represents an approximate measure of the cost required for the Company to generate a dollar of revenue. This is a common measure used by financial institutions and is a key ratio for evaluating Company performance. The efficiency ratio is calculated as the ratio of (i) total non-interest expense, adjusted for certain operating expenses, as necessary, to (ii) net interest income on a tax equivalent basis plus total non-interest income, adjusted for certain other income items, as necessary.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Non-interest expense, as presented | $ | 154,834 | $ | 111,936 | $ | 107,361 | |||||
| Adjustment for merger and acquisition costs | (9,286) | (1,159) | — | ||||||||
| Adjustment for amortization of CDI assets | (5,893) | (556) | (592) | ||||||||
| Adjusted non-interest expense | $ | 139,655 | $ | 110,221 | $ | 106,769 | |||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 203,257 | $ | 132,453 | $ | 132,263 | |||||
| Adjustment for the effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 1,314 | 637 | 901 | ||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income | 204,571 | 133,090 | 133,164 | ||||||||
| Non-interest income, as presented | 52,522 | 44,539 | 31,034 | ||||||||
| Adjustment for gain on sale of premises and equipment, net | (675) | — | — | ||||||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | — | — | 10,310 | ||||||||
| Adjusted non-interest income | 51,847 | 44,539 | 41,344 | ||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income plus adjusted non-interest income | $ | 256,418 | $ | 177,629 | $ | 174,508 | |||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues(2) | 60.53 | % | 63.24 | % | 65.75 | % | |||||
| Non-GAAP efficiency ratio | 54.46 | % | 62.05 | % | 61.18 | % |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
(2) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Return on Average Tangible Equity and Adjusted Return on Average Tangible Equity. Return on average tangible equity is the ratio of (i) net income, adjusted for tax effected amortization of CDI assets and other adjustments, as necessary, to (ii) average shareholders' equity, adjusted for average goodwill and CDI assets. This adjusted financial ratio reflects a shareholders' return on tangible capital deployed in our business and is a common performance measure within the financial services industry.
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Adjusted return on average tangible equity is calculated the same as return on average tangible equity but uses adjusted net income which excludes certain transactions as shown in the table above. The Company believes this adjusted metric assists users of its financial statements with their period-over-period financial analysis as it is adjusted for certain non-recurring items.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Return on Average Tangible Equity: | |||||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 65,160 | $ | 53,004 | $ | 43,383 | |||||
| Adjustment for amortization of CDI assets | 5,893 | 556 | 592 | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustment(1) | (1,355) | (117) | (124) | ||||||||
| Net income, adjusted for amortization of CDI assets | $ | 69,698 | $ | 53,443 | $ | 43,851 | |||||
| Average equity, as presented | $ | 654,477 | $ | 511,813 | $ | 466,717 | |||||
| Adjustment for average goodwill and CDI assets | (197,247) | (95,389) | (95,962) | ||||||||
| Average tangible equity | $ | 457,230 | $ | 416,424 | $ | 370,755 | |||||
| Return on average equity | 9.96 | % | 10.36 | % | 9.30 | % | |||||
| Return on average tangible equity | 15.24 | % | 12.83 | % | 11.83 | % | |||||
| Adjusted Return on Average Tangible Equity: | |||||||||||
| Adjusted net income (Adjusted net income (refer to the "Adjusted Net Income" non-GAAP reconciliation table) | $ | 74,439 | $ | 53,432 | $ | 52,980 | |||||
| Adjustment for amortization of CDI assets | 5,893 | 556 | 592 | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustment(1) | (1,355) | (117) | (124) | ||||||||
| Adjusted net income, adjusted for amortization of CDI assets | $ | 78,977 | $ | 53,871 | $ | 53,448 | |||||
| Adjusted return on average tangible equity | 17.27 | % | 12.94 | % | 14.42 | % |
(1) Calculated using an estimated combined marginal income tax rate of 23% for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 21% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Tangible Book Value per Share and Tangible Common Equity Ratio. Tangible book value per share is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill, and CDI assets to (ii) total common shares outstanding at period end. Tangible book value per share is a common measure within our industry when assessing the value of a company as it removes goodwill and other intangible assets generated within purchase accounting upon a business combination.
Tangible common equity is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill and CDI assets to (ii) total assets less goodwill and CDI assets. This ratio is a measure used within our industry to assess whether or not a company is highly leveraged.
| (In thousands, except number of shares and per share data) | December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||
| Tangible Book Value Per Share: | |||||||
| Shareholders' equity, as presented | $ | 696,558 | $ | 531,231 | |||
| Adjustment for goodwill and CDI assets | (194,085) | (95,112) | |||||
| Tangible shareholders' equity | $ | 502,473 | $ | 436,119 | |||
| Shares outstanding at period end | 16,924,310 | 14,579,339 | |||||
| Book value per share | $ | 41.16 | $ | 36.44 | |||
| Tangible book value per share | 29.69 | 29.91 | |||||
| Tangible Common Equity Ratio: | |||||||
| Total assets | $ | 6,974,584 | $ | 5,805,138 | |||
| Adjustment for goodwill and CDI assets | (194,085) | (95,112) | |||||
| Tangible assets | $ | 6,780,499 | $ | 5,710,026 | |||
| Common equity ratio | 9.99 | % | 9.15 | % | |||
| Tangible common equity ratio | 7.41 | % | 7.64 | % |
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Net Interest Income (Fully-Taxable Equivalent). Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis is net interest income plus the taxes that would have been paid had tax-exempt securities been taxable. This number attempts to enhance the comparability of the performance of assets that have different tax liabilities. This is a common measure with the financial services industry and is used within the calculation of net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 203,257 | $ | 132,453 | $ | 132,263 | |||||
| Adjustment for the effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 1,314 | 637 | 901 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, tax equivalent | $ | 204,571 | $ | 133,090 | $ | 133,164 |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
Core Net Interest Margin (fully-taxable equivalent). The following table provides a reconciliation of net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) to core net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent). Certain non-recurring transactions have been excluded to calculate core net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent). We believe the following adjusted financial information and metrics assist users of our financial statements with their financial analysis period-over-period as it adjusts for certain non-recurring items.
| For the Year EndedDecember 31, | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent), as presented | 3.17 | % | 2.46 | % | 2.46 | % | |||
| Net accretion income on loans from purchase accounting(1) | (0.30) | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Net accretion income on investments from purchase accounting(2) | (0.07) | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Net amortization on time deposits and borrowings from purchase accounting(3) | 0.01 | % | — | % | — | % | |||
| Core net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.81 | % | 2.46 | % | 2.46 | % |
(1) Recognized $17.0 million of net accretion income on loans from purchase accounting for the year ended December 31, 2025.
(2) Recognized $3.5 million of net accretion income on investments from purchase accounting for the year ended December 31, 2025.
(3) Recognized $525,000 of amortization expense on time deposits and borrowings from purchase accounting for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Core Deposits. Core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and lower cost. The Company calculates core deposits as total deposits less CDs and brokered deposits. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||
| Total deposits, as presented | $ | 5,537,781 | $ | 4,633,167 | |||
| Adjustment for certificates of deposit | (679,087) | (532,424) | |||||
| Adjustment for brokered deposits | (130,565) | (179,994) | |||||
| Core deposits | $ | 4,728,129 | $ | 3,920,749 |
Average Core Deposits. Average core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and at a lower interest rate cost. The Company calculates average core deposits as total deposits less CDs. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
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| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Total average deposits, as presented(1) | $ | 5,338,625 | $ | 4,385,401 | $ | 4,481,322 | |||||
| Adjustment for average certificates of deposit | (699,740) | (567,182) | (453,723) | ||||||||
| Average core deposits | $ | 4,638,885 | $ | 3,818,219 | $ | 4,027,599 |
(1) Brokered deposits are excluded from total average deposits, as presented on the Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate analysis table.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported. Actual results could materially differ from our current estimates, as a result of changing conditions and future events. Estimates particularly critical and susceptible to significant near-term change, include (i) the ACL on loans, (ii) fair value of loans acquired in business combinations and (iii) goodwill.
Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of the Company's accounting policies, including new accounting standards recently adopted.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”). The ACL is calculated using the current expected credit loss accounting model, often referred to as “CECL.” Under CECL, the ACL at each reporting period serves as our best estimate of projected credit losses over the contractual life of certain assets, adjusted for expected prepayments, given an expectation of economic conditions and forecasts as of the valuation date.
The recorded ACL on loans is determined based on the amortized cost basis of the assets and may be determined at various levels, including homogeneous loan pools and individual credits with unique risk factors. We use a discounted cash flow approach to calculate the ACL for each loan segment. Within the discounted cash flow model, a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) assumption is applied to calculate the expected loss for each loan segment. PD is the probability the asset will default within a given timeframe and LGD is the percentage of the assets not expected to be collected due to default. PD and LGD data may be derived using (1) internal historical default and loss experience, as well as from (2) external data if there are not statistically meaningful loss events or our own internal loss data does not span a full economic cycle for a given loan segment.
CECL may create more volatility in our ACL and particularly in our ACL on loans. Under CECL, our ACL may increase or decrease period-to-period based on many assumptions, including, but not limited to: (i) macroeconomic forecasts and conditions; (ii) a change in the forecast period; (iii) a change in the reversion speed; (iv) a change in the prepayment speed assumption; (v) various qualitative factors outlined in ASU 2016-13.
ACL on Loans. We consider the ACL on loans to be a critical accounting estimate given the uncertainty in evaluating the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loans in its portfolio. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is a key management function that requires significant judgment and estimate by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the current loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in future periods. While our current evaluation indicates that the ACL on loans at December 31, 2025 and 2024 was appropriate, the allowance may need to be increased under adversely different conditions or assumptions.
The significant key assumptions used with the ACL on loans calculation at December 31, 2025 and 2024 using the CECL methodology, included:
•Macroeconomic factors (loss drivers): Macroeconomic factors are used within our discounted cash flow model to forecast the PD over the forecast period. As macroeconomic factor conditions worsen, the PD increases, and the corresponding LGD increases, resulting in an increase in the ACL on loans. To identify the most appropriate loss drivers for each portfolio segment, we evaluate a broad set of economic indicators and perform correlation and back‑testing analyses to determine which variables demonstrate the strongest and most stable relationship to historical loss experience. We monitor and assess Maine unemployment, changes in National GDP, changes in National Retail Sales, and changes in Maine's Housing Price Index at least annually to determine if these macroeconomic factors
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continue to be the most predictive indicator of losses within our loan portfolio. Macroeconomic factors used in the calculation of the ACL on loans may change from time to time and in times of greater uncertainty, we may consider a range of possible forecasts and evaluate the probability of each scenario. We reassessed our loss factors in the first quarter of 2025 and removed change in Maine GDP and added change in National Retail Sales to be used within the discounted cash flow model.
•Forecast period and reversion speed: The company uses a reasonable and supportable forecast period in developing the ACL, which represents the time period that management believes it can reasonably forecast the identified loss drivers. Generally, the forecast period management believes to be reasonable and supportable is set annually and validated through an assessment of economic leading indicators. In periods of greater volatility and uncertainty, such as that seen across the global markets and economies, including the U.S., we are likely to use a shorter forecast period, whereas when markets, economies and various other factors are considered more stable and certain, we are likely to use a longer forecast period. Generally, we expect our forecast period to range from one to three years. Once the reasonable and supportable forecast period is determined, the company reverts its loss expectations to the long-run historical mean for the remainder of the contract life of the asset, adjusted for prepayments. In determining the length of time over which the reversion will take place (i.e. “reversion speed”), we consider such factors such as, but not limited to, historical loan loss experience over previous economic cycles, as well as where we believe we are within the current economic cycle. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we used a two-year forecast period and a two-year reversion period for each loan segment to measure the ACL on loans as we believe this methodology aligns the economic forecasted data used to calculate the ACL with the Company’s internal views of the future economic state.
•Prepayment speeds: Prepayment speeds are determined for each loan segment utilizing our own historical loan data, as well as consideration of current environmental factors. The prepayment speed assumption is utilized with the discounted cash flow model (i.e. the CECL model) to forecast expected cash flows over the contractual life of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. A higher prepayment speed assumption will drive a lower ACL, and vice versa.
•Qualitative factors: Companies are required to consider various qualitative factors that may impact expected credit losses. We continue to consider qualitative factors in determining and arriving at our ACL on loans each reporting period. In 2025, we provided for an additional qualitative factor for the loans acquired in the Northway acquisition.
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the recorded ACL on loans was $45.3 and $35.7 million, respectively, and represented our best estimate of expected credit losses within our loan portfolio as of each date. However, we may adjust our assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses each period. A future change of our assumptions will likely alter the level of allowance required and may have a material impact on future results of operations and financial condition. The ACL is reviewed periodically within a calendar quarter to assess trends in the aforementioned key assumptions, as well as asset quality within our loan portfolio, and we consider the impact of these trends on the ACL and the Company's financial condition, if any. The ACL on loans is reviewed and approved on a quarterly basis by the Company's Audit Committee, and later reviewed and ratified by the Bank's Board of Directors.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses,” “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Fair Value of Loans Acquired in Business Combinations. The loans acquired as part of the Northway acquisition were accounted for at fair value on January 2, 2025 (“Acquisition Date”). The fair value for these acquired loans was determined using a discounted cash flow approach that incorporated expected credit and prepayment-adjusted cash flows, discounted at market-based rates. This analysis considered factors such as loan type and collateral, interest rate structure, remaining term, credit quality indicators, and amortization status. Loans with similar risk characteristics were pooled for valuation purposes. Discount rates for loans were developed using a “build-up” approach, which considered the cost of funds, capital charges, servicing costs, liquidity premiums, and risk premiums.
The discount rate and prepayment speeds were the most significant assumptions within in the acquired loan portfolio valuation. Changes in these inputs would have a material effect on the fair value measurement, in particular:
•Discount rate: Increases or decreases in the discount rate would result in a significant change in the estimated fair value of the acquired loan portfolio due to the sensitivity of discounted cash flows to market‑based yield assumptions.
•Prepayment speed: Variations in expected prepayment speeds, whether higher or lower, would result in a meaningful change in the fair value estimate because prepayment behavior directly affects projected cash flows and expected loan duration.
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Additional information regarding these accounting policies is included in Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 2, Business Combinations, to the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Goodwill. We record all acquired assets and liabilities at fair value, which is an estimate determined by the use of internal and external valuation techniques. As part of purchase accounting, we typically acquire goodwill as part of the purchase price, which is subject to ongoing periodic impairment tests.
Goodwill impairment evaluations are required to be performed at least annually, but may be required more frequently if certain conditions indicate a potential impairment may exist. Our policy is to perform the goodwill impairment analysis annually as of November 30th, or more frequently as warranted. The goodwill impairment evaluation is required to be performed at the reporting unit level. Goodwill impairment is measured by the amount the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, and an impairment charge is recorded for the lesser of this amount or the amount to write-down goodwill to zero.
We elected to use the quantitative analysis to perform the annual goodwill impairment assessment as of November 30, 2025 and 2024 and concluded that goodwill was not impaired. We may use a qualitative analysis to evaluate goodwill for impairment when it is believed that it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its book value, or if a quantitative analysis was recently used to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit, and there are not any indications of events that would suggest such conclusions for impairment have changed. The Company did not recognize any impairment of goodwill in 2025, 2024 or 2023.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets” and Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
Strategic Overview. Our long-term strategy is anchored in three clear priorities: Running the Bank, Evolving the Bank, and Growing the Bank. Together, these priorities guide our actions, align our investments, and position the Company to deliver sustainable performance and long-term shareholder value.
•Running the Bank is about delivering consistent, reliable results by building on our core strengths and disciplined foundation. As we pursue change and growth, maintaining a strong operating framework remains paramount. This includes investing in and strengthening our corporate culture; driving toward top-quartile employee engagement and exceptional customer experiences through our “One Bank” approach; honoring our commitment to the communities we serve; and maintaining balance-sheet strength across interest rate risk, liquidity, asset quality, and capital. This focus provides the stability and resilience necessary to support our strategic ambitions.
•Evolving the Bank enables us to respond to a dynamic marketplace with agility and innovation. We are advancing our digital agenda across both customer and employee experiences to increase adoption, productivity, and efficiency. At the same time, we are repositioning our retail franchise to meet changing customer needs and expectations. Central to this evolution is the development of a high-touch, team-based operating model that leverages specialized expertise and places the customer at the center of every interaction.
•Grow the Bank focuses on expanding our customer base and deepening relationships by leveraging technology, scalable capabilities, and local market expertise. We pursue both organic and inorganic growth opportunities across our footprint. Organically, we see significant opportunity to scale our commercial franchise in our Southern Maine and New Hampshire growth markets through targeted hiring and the development of internal talent. Inorganically, we continue to evaluate merger and acquisition opportunities that offer compelling strategic and financial benefits, as demonstrated by our acquisition of Northway Financial, Inc., the holding company of Northway Bank, completed on January 2, 2025.
2025 Overview. On January 2, 2025, we completed our acquisition of Northway, which significantly increased our presence in New Hampshire by adding 17 branches and over 100 new employees. In mid-March 2025, we completed the full integration of the two banks and began realizing the combined organization’s full financial potential through the execution of synergies across employees, technology, software and vendor contracts. The integration of operations, systems, and teams enabled us to leverage the strengths of both institutions more effectively, resulting in meaningful improvements in scale, operating efficiency, and revenue‑generating capacity. As our post‑merger performance began to reflect the benefits of a larger balance sheet, a broader customer base, and an expanded geographic footprint, we delivered annual net income of $65.2 million and diluted EPS of $3.84 for 2025, compared to $53.0 million and $3.62, respectively, in 2024. On a non-GAAP basis, we
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reported annual adjusted net income of $74.4 million and diluted EPS of $4.39 for December 31, 2025, an increase of 39% and 20%, respectively, over 2024.
Throughout 2025, we executed several initiatives to improve our net interest margin. These actions, together with the Federal Reserve’s 75‑basis‑point reduction in the federal funds rate during the second half of the year, contributed to a meaningful increase in our net interest margin, from 3.04% for the first quarter of 2025 to 3.29% for the fourth quarter of 2025. Excluding the impact of purchase accounting accretion income, our non-GAAP, core net interest margin also increased significantly from 2.68% for the first quarter of 2025 to 2.92% for the fourth quarter of 2025. The steady improvement in our net interest margin throughout 2025, resulted in a net interest margin of 3.17% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 2.46% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The completion of the Northway acquisition and successful execution of our cost take-out strategies, as well as an improving net interest margin throughout 2025, drove significant improvement in the Company’s profitability metrics compared to 2024. We believe the Company is well-positioned for 2026, highlighted by the strength of its reported fourth quarter financial metrics, which included a return on average assets of 1.28%, a return on average equity of 13.01%, and a non-GAAP return on average tangible equity of 19.06%.
2025 Highlights. Our highlights for 2025 include:
Completed Northway Acquisition and Integration - Successfully completed the acquisition of Northway on January 2, 2025. Following the integration in mid-March 2025 and the realization of cost synergies across the combined organization, the Company delivered record quarterly net income in both the third and fourth quarters of 2025.
Improving Profitability – In 2025, total revenues (sum of net interest income and non-interest income) reached $255.8 million, an increase of 45% over 2024, while non-interest expense for 2025 was $154.8 million, an increase of 38% over 2024. The Company’s 2025 performance resulted in strong operating leverage generation and improvement in each of our profitability metrics, which can be seen in the financial highlights table on the following page.
Strong Asset Quality – Key credit quality metrics in both commercial and consumer portfolios remained resilient throughout 2025, headlined by non-performing assets of 0.10% of total assets and past due loans of 0.16% of total loans at December 31, 2025. Net charge-offs increased to 0.31% to average loans for 2025, compared to 0.03% for 2024, driven by two charge-offs in our commercial portfolio. The Company considers the two charge-offs in 2025 to be isolated incidents and does not believe they represent a systematic trend within the commercial portfolio.
Strong Capital Position – At December 31, 2025, all of our regulatory capital ratios were well in excess of regulatory capital requirements. Our capital and loan reserve levels, along with our strong credit quality position us for continued success.
Customer Experience Strength– We use net promoter score (“NPS”) to continuously measure and improve customer experience across our retail franchise. Our 2025 aggregate consumer NPS of 68 across Maine remained consistent with prior year and underscores strong customer advocacy relative to industry benchmarks.
Strong Employee Engagement – We measure employee engagement annually through a global, independent third party survey. In 2025, 92% of our employees participated in the confidential survey, reflecting strong engagement across the organization. The Company’s overall engagement score ranked in the 73rd percentile relative to the third-party’s global benchmark, further underscoring the strength of our culture and employee commitment.
Continued Commitment to our Communities – In 2025, we marked Camden National Bank’s 150th anniversary, reflecting a long-standing commitment to the communities we serve. Across our Maine and New Hampshire markets, we continue to support local communities through lending activities, deposit products designed to meet community needs, direct charitable contributions and active employee volunteerism, reinforcing our role as a trusted financial partner and community steward.
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| Financial Highlights | As of or For The Year endedDecember 31, | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands, except per share data and ratios) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | ||||||||
| Earnings and Profitability | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 65,160 | $ | 53,004 | 23 | % | |||||
| Diluted EPS | $ | 3.84 | $ | 3.62 | 6 | % | |||||
| Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) | $ | 74,439 | $ | 53,432 | 39 | % | |||||
| Adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP) | $ | 4.39 | $ | 3.65 | 20 | % | |||||
| Return on average assets | 0.94 | % | 0.92 | % | 0.02 | % | |||||
| Adjusted return on average assets (non-GAAP) | 1.07 | % | 0.92 | % | 0.15 | % | |||||
| Return on average equity | 9.96 | % | 10.36 | % | (0.40) | % | |||||
| Adjusted return on average equity (non-GAAP) | 11.38 | % | 10.45 | % | 0.93 | % | |||||
| Adjusted return on average tangible equity (non-GAAP) | 17.27 | % | 12.94 | % | 4.33 | % | |||||
| Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 54.46 | % | 62.05 | % | (7.59) | % | |||||
| Balance Sheet and Liquidity | |||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 4,965,138 | $ | 4,115,259 | 21 | % | |||||
| Deposits | $ | 5,537,781 | $ | 4,633,167 | 20 | % | |||||
| Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.68 | — | % | |||||
| Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits to total deposits | 14.96 | % | 16.42 | % | (1.46) | % | |||||
| Available liquidity sources to uninsured and uncollateralized deposits | 218.79 | % | 210.61 | % | 8.18 | % | |||||
| Credit Quality and Capital | |||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.10 | % | 0.08 | % | 0.02 | % | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.16 | % | 0.05 | % | 0.11 | % | |||||
| Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans | 0.91 | % | 0.87 | % | 0.04 | % | |||||
| Total risk-based capital ratio | 13.95 | % | 15.11 | % | (1.16) | % | |||||
| Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) | 7.41 | % | 7.64 | % | (0.23) | % |
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Net interest income is the interest earned on our lending activities, investment securities and other interest-earning assets, less the interest paid on interest-bearing deposits and borrowings (i.e. our primary business activities). Net interest income, which is our largest source of revenue, accounted for 79%, 75% and 81% of total revenues for the years ended 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net interest income is affected by factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, loan and deposit pricing strategies and competitive conditions, loan prepayment speeds, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the level of non-performing assets.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $204.6 million, an increase of 54% from 2024.
Interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for 2025 totaled $322.0 million, representing an increase of $71.8 million, or 29%, compared to 2024, primarily driven by interest-earning assets yield expansion of 37 basis points to 4.99% for the year ended December 31, 2025, and an increase in average interest-earning assets of $1.0 billion, or 19% as of December 31, 2025, which was driven by the Northway acquisition on January 2, 2025. As part of the Northway acquisition, the Company acquired total loans of $775.7 million and investments of $230.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recognized net fair value mark accretion from the purchase accounting of $20.5 million within interest income, which was made up of $17.0 million of fair value mark accretion on loans and $3.5 million of fair value mark accretion on investments. Additionally, between periods the Company’s yield on interest-earning assets continued to improve organically, contributing to the growth in net interest income, due to the continued reinvestment of cash flows from lower yielding interest-earning assets into new loan originations and investments at prevailing market interest rates.
Interest expense for 2025 increased $294,000, or less than 1%, compared to 2024, despite the increase in average funding liabilities of $1.0 billion, or 20%, which was driven by the Northway acquisition, due to the decrease in our average cost of funds between periods of 38 basis points to 1.90% for the year ended December 31, 2025. The decrease in our average cost of funds between periods reflects the change in the interest rate environment and our ability to lower deposit costs as the Federal Reserve lowered its Federal Funds Rate, and the benefit of adding Northway’s low-cost deposit franchise to the Company’s balance sheet.
Net Interest Margin. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Our net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis was 3.17% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 2.46% for 2024. On a non-GAAP basis, adjusted for fair value market accretion income recognized from purchase accounting, our core net interest margin was 2.82% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 2.46% for 2024.
The following table presents, for the periods noted, average balances, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid, as well as net interest income, net interest rate spread and net interest margin:
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| Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | 52,109 | $ | 2,320 | 4.45 | % | $ | 68,633 | $ | 3,336 | 4.86 | % | $ | 33,676 | $ | 1,851 | 5.50 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | 1,386,590 | 43,372 | 3.13 | % | 1,159,910 | 29,722 | 2.56 | % | 1,203,445 | 26,088 | 2.17 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable(2) | 61,455 | 2,322 | 3.78 | % | 61,992 | 2,340 | 3.78 | % | 100,614 | 3,706 | 3.68 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(3): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 2,112,281 | 122,693 | 5.81 | % | 1,699,655 | 89,918 | 5.29 | % | 1,659,078 | 80,182 | 4.83 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial(2) | 396,783 | 25,295 | 6.38 | % | 378,257 | 24,378 | 6.44 | % | 398,948 | 23,886 | 5.99 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal(2) | 91,044 | 4,606 | 5.06 | % | 15,859 | 783 | 4.94 | % | 16,702 | 674 | 4.04 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 2,034,170 | 98,066 | 4.82 | % | 1,773,149 | 79,199 | 4.47 | % | 1,748,076 | 71,566 | 4.09 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 300,686 | 21,580 | 7.18 | % | 245,634 | 18,951 | 7.71 | % | 234,358 | 17,497 | 7.47 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 18,631 | 1,715 | 9.21 | % | 16,617 | 1,567 | 9.43 | % | 19,519 | 1,697 | 8.69 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | 4,953,595 | 273,955 | 5.53 | % | 4,129,171 | 214,796 | 5.20 | % | 4,076,681 | 195,502 | 4.80 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 6,453,749 | 321,969 | 4.99 | % | 5,419,706 | 250,194 | 4.62 | % | 5,414,416 | 227,147 | 4.19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 71,363 | 65,990 | 65,396 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 450,558 | 285,137 | 264,479 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: ACL | (47,457) | (35,792) | (36,965) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 6,928,213 | $ | 5,735,041 | $ | 5,707,326 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 1,137,343 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 929,443 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 1,020,045 | $ | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 1,659,215 | 30,022 | 1.81 | % | 1,464,651 | 36,265 | 2.48 | % | 1,614,598 | 37,205 | 2.30 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings | 982,210 | 12,070 | 1.23 | % | 657,529 | 4,669 | 0.71 | % | 675,478 | 788 | 0.12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 860,117 | 22,446 | 2.61 | % | 766,596 | 25,390 | 3.31 | % | 717,478 | 19,210 | 2.68 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 699,740 | 24,796 | 3.54 | % | 567,182 | 21,559 | 3.80 | % | 453,723 | 12,927 | 2.85 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 5,338,625 | 89,334 | 1.67 | % | 4,385,401 | 87,883 | 2.00 | % | 4,481,322 | 70,130 | 1.56 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 177,089 | 7,953 | 4.49 | % | 152,918 | 7,923 | 5.18 | % | 184,709 | 8,754 | 4.74 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | 245,748 | 2,954 | 1.20 | % | 185,299 | 3,210 | 1.73 | % | 191,646 | 2,847 | 1.49 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debentures | 61,373 | 3,567 | 5.81 | % | 44,331 | 2,132 | 4.81 | % | 44,331 | 2,150 | 4.85 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 359,625 | 13,590 | 3.78 | % | 365,989 | 15,956 | 4.36 | % | 246,058 | 10,102 | 4.11 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total borrowings | 843,835 | 28,064 | 3.33 | % | 748,537 | 29,221 | 3.90 | % | 666,744 | 23,853 | 3.58 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total funding liabilities | 6,182,460 | 117,398 | 1.90 | % | 5,133,938 | 117,104 | 2.28 | % | 5,148,066 | 93,983 | 1.83 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 91,276 | 89,290 | 92,543 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 654,477 | 511,813 | 466,717 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities & shareholders’ equity | $ | 6,928,213 | $ | 5,735,041 | $ | 5,707,326 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | 204,571 | 133,090 | 133,164 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: fully-taxable equivalent adjustment | (1,314) | (637) | (901) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 203,257 | $ | 132,453 | $ | 132,263 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread (fully-taxable equivalent) | 3.09 | % | 2.34 | % | 2.36 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 3.17 | % | 2.46 | % | 2.46 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Core net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent)(4) | 2.82 | % | 2.46 | % | 2.46 | % |
(1) Reported average balances are calculated on a daily basis.
(2) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis calculated using a 21% tax rate, including certain commercial loans.
(3) Non-accrual loans and loans held for sale are included in total average loans.
(4) This is a non-GAAP measure. Please see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Reconciliation to GAAP” for additional information.
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The following table presents certain information on a fully-taxable equivalent basis regarding changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes attributable to rate and volume. The (a) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior year's rate), (b) changes in rates (change in rate multiplied by current year's volume), and (c) changes in rate/volume (change in rate multiplied by the change in volume), which is allocated to the change due to rate column.
| For the Year EndedDecember 31, 2025 vs. December 31, 2024 | For the Year EndedDecember 31, 2024 vs. December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Volume | Rate | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | (803) | $ | (213) | $ | (1,016) | $ | 1,923 | $ | (438) | $ | 1,485 | |||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | 5,803 | 7,847 | 13,650 | (945) | 4,579 | 3,634 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable | (20) | 2 | (18) | (1,421) | 55 | (1,366) | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 21,828 | 10,947 | 32,775 | 1,960 | 7,777 | 9,737 | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,193 | (276) | 917 | (1,239) | 1,730 | 491 | |||||||||||||||||
| Municipal | 3,714 | 109 | 3,823 | (34) | 143 | 109 | |||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 11,668 | 7,199 | 18,867 | 1,025 | 6,608 | 7,633 | |||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 4,245 | (1,616) | 2,629 | 842 | 612 | 1,454 | |||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 190 | (42) | 148 | (252) | 122 | (130) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 47,818 | 23,957 | 71,775 | 1,859 | 21,188 | 23,047 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 4,825 | (11,068) | (6,243) | (3,449) | 2,509 | (940) | |||||||||||||||||
| Savings | 2,305 | 5,096 | 7,401 | (22) | 3,903 | 3,881 | |||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 3,096 | (6,040) | (2,944) | 1,316 | 4,864 | 6,180 | |||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 5,037 | (1,800) | 3,237 | 3,234 | 5,398 | 8,632 | |||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 1,252 | (1,222) | 30 | (1,507) | 676 | (831) | |||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | 1,046 | (1,302) | (256) | (95) | 458 | 363 | |||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debentures | 820 | 615 | 1,435 | — | (18) | (18) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | (277) | (2,089) | (2,366) | 4,929 | 925 | 5,854 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 18,104 | (17,810) | 294 | 4,406 | 18,715 | 23,121 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | $ | 29,714 | $ | 41,767 | $ | 71,481 | $ | (2,547) | $ | 2,473 | $ | (74) |
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Net interest income included the following for the periods indicated:
| Income Statement Location | For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting - Loans | Interest income | $ | 16,992 | $ | 107 | $ | 145 | ||||||
| Net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting - Investments | Interest income | 3,488 | — | — | |||||||||
| Interest income from residential real estate derivatives | Interest income | 2,333 | 5,457 | 4,682 | |||||||||
| Net loan origination fees | Interest income | 1,891 | 587 | 340 | |||||||||
| Recoveries on previously charged-off acquired loans | Interest income | 113 | 488 | 88 | |||||||||
| Net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting - Certificates of deposit | Interest expense | (226) | — | — | |||||||||
| Net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting - Junior subordinated debentures | Interest expense | (300) | — | — | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 24,291 | $ | 6,639 | $ | 5,255 |
The Company's consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements presented within have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of the financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars and, in some cases, current fair values without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and virtually all of our liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the general level of inflation. Over short periods of time, interest rates and the yield curve may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as inflation.
Provision (Credit) for Credit Losses
The provision (credit) for credit losses was made up of the following components for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2025 to 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for loan losses | $ | 22,032 | $ | 53 | $ | 1,174 | $ | 21,979 | N.M. | |||||||||
| Provision (credit) for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 258 | 453 | (912) | (195) | (43) | % | ||||||||||||
| (Credit) provision for credit losses - HTM debt securities | — | (910) | 1,838 | 910 | N.M. | |||||||||||||
| Provision (credit) for credit losses | $ | 22,290 | $ | (404) | $ | 2,100 | $ | 22,694 | N.M. |
Provision for loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $22.0 million. The provision primarily reflects the impact of net charge‑offs totaling $16.1 million during the period, driven principally by a $10.7 million partial charge‑off on a syndicated commercial loan participation and a $3.0 million partial charge‑off on a non‑owner‑occupied commercial real estate loan. The recognition of these charge‑offs required the Company to record an incremental $12.7 million in provision for loan loss expense during the year. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of Northway, the Company recorded a $6.3 million provision for loan losses and ACL on loans for the acquired loans that did not meet the criteria to be classified as purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) during 2025.
Provision for credit losses on off-balance credit exposures. At December 31, 2025, the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $3.1 million, as compared to $2.8 million as of December 31, 2024. The Company recorded a provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures of $258,000. The 2025 provision was driven by the increase in unfunded credit lines of $43.2 million and the increase in the residential and commercial pipelines of $47.7 million between periods, primarily due to the acquisition of Northway in 2025.
Provision for HTM debt securities: For the year ended December 31, 2025 the Company did not record any provision on HTM debt securities. In the first quarter of 2024, the Company sold a corporate bond issued by Signature Bank that the Company wrote off in 2023 and recovered proceeds of $910,000.
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Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest income for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2025 to 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
| Debit card income | $ | 15,272 | $ | 12,657 | $ | 12,613 | $ | 2,615 | 21 | % | |||||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 9,851 | 8,444 | 7,839 | 1,407 | 17 | % | |||||||||||||
| Income from fiduciary services | 7,630 | 7,270 | 6,669 | 360 | 5 | % | |||||||||||||
| Brokerage and insurance commissions | 7,015 | 5,535 | 4,650 | 1,480 | 27 | % | |||||||||||||
| Mortgage banking income, net | 3,523 | 3,230 | 2,921 | 293 | 9 | % | |||||||||||||
| Bank-owned life insurance | 3,440 | 2,806 | 2,349 | 634 | 23 | % | |||||||||||||
| Net loss on sale of securities | — | — | (10,310) | — | — | % | |||||||||||||
| Other income | 5,791 | 4,597 | 4,303 | 1,194 | 26 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total non-interest income | $ | 52,522 | $ | 44,539 | $ | 31,034 | $ | 7,983 | 18 | % | |||||||||
| Non-interest income as a percentage of total revenues(1) | 21 | % | 25 | % | 19 | % |
(1) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Debit card income represents the interchange fees earned from debit card transactions of our business and consumer checking account customers, and the annual incentive bonus received from our network provider. The increase in 2025, compared to 2024, was primarily driven by the Northway acquisition, and the resulting addition of approximately 28,000 new debit card customers.
Service charges on deposit accounts represents the fees earned from providing various services to deposit customers, including overdraft, normal fees for servicing deposit accounts, and cash management fees for business customers. The increase in 2025, compared to 2024, was primarily driven by the Northway acquisition, and the resulting addition of approximately 50,000 customer accounts.
Income from fiduciary services represents the fees earned for investment advisory and trust services provided by Camden National Wealth Management. The fees earned are primarily a percentage of our clients' assets under management. Assets under management increased 9% during 2025 to $1.3 billion as of December 31, 2025.
Brokerage and insurance commissions represent the fees earned for brokerage services, investment advisory and insurance services provided by the Bank, doing business as Camden Financial Consultants. Assets under administration grew 22% during 2025 to $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2025, driven by overall market performance and the addition of a new team member.
Mortgage banking income, net is generated through the sale of residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors and also includes income recognized upon the sale of residential mortgages in which we maintain the servicing rights creating a mortgage servicing asset, net of related amortization of the capitalized mortgage servicing asset. Our practice has been to sell the servicing rights for residential mortgages originated, except for certain third party relationships that require the Company to service the loan.
The increase in mortgage banking income, net for the year ended December 31, 2025 compared to 2024, was driven by the increase in net gains recognized on residential mortgage loan sales during the period. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we sold $242.4 million of our originated residential mortgages, compared to $221.9 million sold during the same period in 2024.
Bank-owned life insurance represents the change in cash surrender value of the Company's various BOLI policies in place for certain current and former officers of the Company and Bank. The change in cash surrender value reflects the performance of the underlying investments of the policies. The increase in 2025, compared to 2024, was driven by market performance of the underlying investments. BOLI policies for 2025 included the addition of one policy as part of the Northway acquisition. The underlying investments on the acquired policy are tied to the equity markets and are more susceptible to market volatility than policies with more conservative underlying investments.
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Net loss on sale of securities represents the net loss recognized upon the sale of investment securities. We did not sell any investment securities during 2025 or 2024.
Other Income includes third party merchant and credit card commissions, customer loan swap fees and other miscellaneous fees and net gains on equity securities.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2025 to 2024 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | |||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 79,801 | $ | 64,073 | $ | 60,009 | $ | 15,728 | 25 | % | ||||||
| Furniture, equipment and data processing | 17,769 | 14,364 | 13,377 | 3,405 | 24 | % | ||||||||||
| Net occupancy costs | 11,187 | 7,912 | 7,674 | 3,275 | 41 | % | ||||||||||
| Merger and acquisition costs | 9,286 | 1,159 | — | 8,127 | — | % | ||||||||||
| Debit card expense | 6,813 | 5,287 | 5,126 | 1,526 | 29 | % | ||||||||||
| Amortization of CDI assets | 5,893 | 556 | 592 | 5,337 | 960 | % | ||||||||||
| Consulting and professional fees | 4,617 | 3,583 | 4,520 | 1,034 | 29 | % | ||||||||||
| Regulatory assessments | 4,279 | 3,258 | 3,413 | 1,021 | 31 | % | ||||||||||
| OREO and collection costs, net | 270 | 201 | 42 | 69 | 34 | % | ||||||||||
| Other expenses | 14,919 | 11,543 | 12,608 | 3,376 | 29 | % | ||||||||||
| Total non-interest expense | $ | 154,834 | $ | 111,936 | $ | 107,361 | $ | 42,898 | 38 | % | ||||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues | 60.53 | % | 63.24 | % | 65.75 | % | ||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 54.46 | % | 62.05 | % | 61.18 | % |
Salaries and employee benefits includes employee wages, commissions, incentives, equity compensation, employer-related taxes, insurance benefits, and certain other employee-related costs, net of direct employee-related costs incurred for loan originations. The increase in salaries and employee benefits expense for 2025 compared to 2024 was driven by the Northway acquisition, which added approximately 100 new employees, and an increase in performance incentive accruals of $1.7 million between periods due to Company financial performance.
Furniture, equipment and data processing includes depreciation expense of capitalized furniture, equipment and data-related costs, and ongoing system and other data processing costs, including outsourced solutions. The increase in furniture, equipment and data processing expense for 2025 compared to 2024 was due to the Northway acquisition, and our continued investment in customer‑facing digital technology platforms during 2025. These investments included enhancements to our digital suite of products offered to customers and upgrades to information security and resiliency systems.
Net occupancy costs include building and property costs associated with the operation of our branches, loan production offices and service centers, including, but not limited to, rent, depreciation, maintenance and related taxes, net of rental income earned from the lease of office space. The increase in net occupancy costs for 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily driven by the Northway acquisition. At December 31, 2025, the Company had 72 branches, compared to 56 as of December 31, 2024.
Merger and acquisition costs include transaction‑related expenses such as personnel termination costs, consulting and other professional fees, contract termination and system conversion costs, and other direct acquisition‑related charges. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company incurred $9.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in costs associated with the Northway acquisition.
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The following table summarizes Merger-related costs incurred for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personnel termination-related costs | $ | 4,992 | $ | — | |||
| Consulting, legal and accounting-related costs | 1,926 | 1,041 | |||||
| Contract termination and conversion-related costs | 1,018 | — | |||||
| Other acquisition costs | 1,350 | 118 | |||||
| Total | $ | 9,286 | $ | 1,159 |
Debit card expense is the cost incurred for the generation of debit card income, including third party switch network provider fees and related data transmission costs, and plastic card costs for the generation of debit cards for checking account customers. The increase in debit card expense for 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily driven by the Northway acquisition and the resulting addition of approximately 28,000 new debit card customers.
Amortization of CDI assets represents the periodic amortization of the Company’s CDI assets arising from the Northway acquisition. The CDI assets recorded in connection with the Northway acquisition totaled $48.1 million, and we estimate the useful life of these CDI assets to be ten years. Refer to Notes 2 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Consulting and professional fees include third-party consulting services and other professional fees, such as audit and tax services, legal services, and Company and Bank director fees. The increase in consulting and professional fees for 2025 compared to 2024 resulted from the increase in director fees for, and increases due to increases from the Northway acquisition.
Regulatory assessments are the costs incurred and paid to various regulatory agencies, including the FDIC and OCC. Regulatory assessment fees are based on a number of factors, including but not limited to, asset growth, regulator risk assessment and positive or negative trends specific to the financial institution. The increase in regulatory assessment fees for 2025 compared to 2024 was driven by the Northway acquisition and increase in the Company’s total assets.
OREO and collection costs, net include the costs associated with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts for the Company's loans.
Other expenses include employee-related costs, such as certain SERP and other postretirement benefits expenses; hiring, training, education, meeting and business travel costs; donations and marketing costs; postage, freight and courier costs; and other expenses. The increase in other expenses for 2025 compared to 2024 was primarily attributable to the Northway acquisition and an increase in marketing costs as we support new markets in New Hampshire, costs associated with a former Northway employee’s supplemental retirement plan, and increases in various operating expenses driven by the increased number of locations, customers and employees following the acquisition.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $13.5 million and $12.5 million, respectively, and our effective income tax rate was 17.2% for 2025 and 19.0% for 2024. The decrease in the Company's effective income tax rate between years was primarily driven by a one-time $2.4 million decrease in income tax expense associated with the remeasurement of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities upon completion of the Northway acquisition, which increased our tax exposure in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. The remeasurement resulted in an increase to the Company’s deferred tax rate in 2025 to 22.8% from 21.5% in 2024.
The Company's deferred tax assets were $51.1 million and $40.0 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in deferred tax assets during 2025 was primarily driven by the net deferred tax assets that were created through purchase accounting as a result of the Northway acquisition, and the aforementioned $2.4 million increase associated with the remeasurement of Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Although not anticipated as of December 31, 2025, should the Company realize a loss on these investments, the loss would be characterized as an ordinary loss for income tax purposes and not as a capital loss, and thus would not carry restrictions on use of any such loss.
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We continuously monitor and assess the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, and we determined that no valuation allowance was necessary as of December 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of investments.
Refer to Note 20 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of income taxes and related deferred tax assets and liabilities.
2024 Operating Results as Compared to 2023 Operating Results
Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 can be found in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Company’s 2024 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2025.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Total cash and cash equivalents were $97.5 million as of December 31, 2025, compared to $215.0 million at December 31, 2024. As part of the Northway acquisition, the Company acquired $48.3 million of cash, which was utilized to prepay all $45.0 million of Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLBB”) borrowings assumed from Northway, largely offsetting the cash obtained through the acquisition. The Company continues to actively manage its cash balances. Refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the assets and liabilities acquired from Northway.
Included within the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balances at December 31, 2025 and 2024, was cash held in escrow by the FHLBB as collateral posted by the counterparties for our derivatives in a net asset position at each reporting date totaling $7.2 million and $13.2 million, respectively. We and the counterparty manage these cash accounts daily. Refer to Notes 13 and 14 of the consolidated financial statements for additional detail on the Company’s derivatives and collateral.
Investments
The Company utilizes the investment portfolio to manage liquidity, interest rate risk, and regulatory capital, as well as to take advantage of market conditions to generate returns without undue risk. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s investment portfolio generally consisted of MBS, CMO, municipal and corporate debt securities, FHLBB and FRB common stock, and mutual funds held in a rabbi trust for purposes of Company executive and director nonqualified retirement plans. We designate our debt securities as AFS or HTM based on our intent and investment strategy and they are carried at fair value and amortized cost, respectively. Our FHLBB and FRB common stock is carried at cost, and our mutual fund investments are carried at fair value. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, total investments were 21% and 20%, respectively, of total assets.
In 2022, we transferred securities from AFS to HTM to help manage our capital position in a rising interest rate environment. The securities were reclassified at fair value at the time of the transfer, which was a non-cash transaction. At December 31, 2025, the net unrealized losses on the transferred securities reported within AOCI were $36.7 million, net of a deferred tax asset of $10.6 million, and the weighted-average life on these securities was 7.3 years. At December 31, 2024, the net unrealized losses on the transferred securities reported within AOCI were $41.8 million, net of a deferred tax asset of $11.4 million and the weighted-average of these securities was 7.9 years.
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company's investments portfolio totaled $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, representing an increase of $308.7 million, or 27%, during 2025. The increase was driven by the addition of $230.0 million of investments, net of purchase accounting adjustments, from the Northway acquisition on January 2, 2025, and included debt securities totaling $227.4 million that were designated as AFS and $2.5 million of FHLBB and other corresponding banking relationship common stock. The other drivers for the net change in total investments during 2025 were:
•The sale of $56.4 million of acquired Northway debt securities shortly after the acquisition date to restructure the
combined investment portfolio. These debt securities were sold at fair value, and, thus, no gain or loss was recognized
upon sale;
•The purchase of $236.7 million of debt securities that we designated as AFS, and the purchase of $5.0 million of
subordinated corporate debt securities of another regional financial institution that we designated as HTM;
•Pay downs, calls and maturities of $152.7 million;
•Net amortization and accretion of $8.4 million; and
•The change in the fair value of the Company’s AFS debt securities of $37.0 million.
Our AFS debt securities portfolio, which comprised 64% and 52% of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, was carried at fair value using level 2 valuation techniques. Refer to Notes 1 and 22 of the consolidated financial statements for further details on the Company's fair value techniques.
The AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio has limited credit risk due to its composition, which includes securities backed by the U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies, and corporate and municipal bonds that are highly rated by nationally recognized rating agencies. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the book value of U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies represented approximately 93% and 91%, respectively, of the AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio. The book value of corporate and municipal bonds carrying a credit rating of “AA” or higher at each of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and was 4% and 5%, respectively, of the AFS and HTM debt securities.
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Our other investments on the consolidated statements of condition consist of FHLBB, FRB and other correspondent bank common stock. These investments are carried at cost. We are required to maintain a certain level of investment in FHLBB stock based on our level of FHLBB advances, and maintain a certain level of investment in FRB common stock based on the Bank's capital levels. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, our investment in FHLBB stock totaled $17.7 million and $17.1 million, respectively, and our investment in FRB stock was $8.7 million and $5.4 million, respectively.
Our investments in mutual funds are designated as trading securities and carried at fair value. These investments are held within a rabbi trust and will be used for future payments associated with the Company’s Executive and Director Deferred Compensation Plan. These investments are carried at fair value using level 1 valuation techniques.
The following table sets forth the carrying value of the Company’s investments portfolio along with the percentage distribution as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | ||||||||||
| Trading Securities (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds | $ | 5,747 | — | % | $ | 5,243 | — | % | ||||||
| Total trading securities | 5,747 | — | % | 5,243 | — | % | ||||||||
| AFS Debt Investments (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 5,275 | — | % | 5,289 | — | % | ||||||||
| MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 684,389 | 48 | % | 424,956 | 37 | % | ||||||||
| CMO issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 224,373 | 15 | % | 147,479 | 13 | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 16,364 | 1 | % | 16,025 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total AFS debt investments | 930,401 | 64 | % | 593,749 | 51 | % | ||||||||
| HTM Debt Investments (carried at amortized cost): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 7,865 | 1 | % | 7,729 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 55,802 | 4 | % | 56,047 | 5 | % | ||||||||
| MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 271,168 | 19 | % | 292,170 | 26 | % | ||||||||
| CMO issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 128,966 | 9 | % | 142,467 | 13 | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 21,491 | 1 | % | 19,365 | 2 | % | ||||||||
| Total HTM debt investments | 485,292 | 34 | % | 517,778 | 47 | % | ||||||||
| Other Investments (carried at cost): | ||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock | 17,735 | 1 | % | 17,140 | 2 | % | ||||||||
| FRB stock | 8,692 | 1 | % | 5,374 | — | % | ||||||||
| Other correspondent bank stock | 70 | — | % | — | — | % | ||||||||
| Total other investments | 26,497 | 2 | % | 22,514 | 2 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,447,937 | 100 | % | $ | 1,139,284 | 100 | % |
We continuously monitor and evaluate our investment securities portfolio to identify and assess risks within our portfolio, including, but not limited to, the impact of the current rate environment and the related prepayment risk, and credit ratings. The overall mix of debt securities at December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024 remains relatively unchanged and well positioned to provide a stable source of cash flow. The duration of our debt investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2025 was 4.9 years, compared to 5.2 years at December 31, 2024. The weighted average life of our debt securities portfolio at December 31, 2025 was 6.7 years, compared to 7.0 years at December 31, 2024.
The Company’s AFS debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position are assessed to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, we did not record
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any allowances or write-down any of our AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position. Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for AFS investments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
We assess our HTM debt securities each reporting period to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required. In the first quarter of 2023, we wrote-off a $1.8 million corporate bond issued by Signature Bank due to Signature Bank's failure through provision expense on the consolidated statements of income. This corporate bond was designated as HTM and previously carried no ACL. In January 2024, we sold the Signature Bank security and recovered $910,000. We completed a review of our HTM investment portfolio as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and concluded that no ACL was warranted on any bonds at this time. Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for HTM investments as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
The fair value and book value of the Company's corporate bonds and municipal securities as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:
| December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | # of Securities | Fair Value | Book Value | Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) | # of Securities | Fair Value | Book Value | Net Unrealized Loss | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal bonds | 53 | $ | 60,167 | $ | 61,105 | $ | (938) | 54 | $ | 59,560 | $ | 61,469 | $ | (1,909) | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 18 | 38,812 | 38,212 | 600 | 18 | 35,436 | 37,048 | (1,612) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 71 | $ | 98,979 | $ | 99,317 | $ | (338) | 72 | $ | 94,996 | $ | 98,517 | $ | (3,521) |
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, municipal bonds were 4% and 5%, respectively, of the book value of the total bond portfolio. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, all municipal bonds carried an investment-grade credit rating.
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, corporate bonds were 3% of the book value of the total bond portfolio. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, corporate bonds with a book value of $26.0 million and $25.9 million, or 68% and 70% of the corporate bond portfolio, carried an investment-grade credit rating. The remaining corporate bonds with a book value of $12.2 million and $11.2 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were non-rated corporate bonds of community banks within our markets. As of December 31, 2025, the corporate bond portfolio was made up of 17 different companies, which included 15 different banks. The banks in the portfolio range from the largest U.S. banks to community banks, with 34% of our exposure as of December 31, 2025, being to global systemically important banks, or "G-SIBs." We continue to monitor and analyze the performance of our corporate bond portfolio.
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The following table presents the book value and fully-taxable equivalent weighted-average yields of debt investments by contractual maturity and the carrying value of other investments, for the periods indicated. Actual maturities of debt investments may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay.
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 – 5 years | Due in 5 – 10 years | Due in over 10 years | Amortized Cost | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,865 | $ | — | $ | 7,865 | $ | 7,729 | |||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 355 | 7,429 | 12,805 | 40,517 | 61,106 | 61,470 | |||||||||||||||||
| MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | — | 81,441 | 130,038 | 780,324 | 991,803 | 785,936 | |||||||||||||||||
| CMO issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | — | 52,329 | 49,121 | 257,544 | 358,994 | 298,598 | |||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | — | 14,002 | 24,210 | — | 38,212 | 37,048 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt investments | $ | 355 | $ | 155,201 | $ | 224,039 | $ | 1,078,385 | $ | 1,457,980 | $ | 1,190,781 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average yield on debt securities(1) | 3.31 | % | 3.67 | % | 3.95 | % | 3.36 | % | 3.48 | % | 3.03 | % |
(1) Weighted average is calculated by dividing the book value by the book value times tax yield.
Loans
The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio at the dates indicated, as well as the change during 2025:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 1,778,985 | 36 | % | $ | 1,387,252 | 34 | % | $ | 391,733 | 28 | % | |||||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 406,120 | 8 | % | 324,712 | 8 | % | 81,408 | 25 | % | ||||||||||||
| Commercial | 417,439 | 8 | % | 382,785 | 9 | % | 34,654 | 9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total commercial loan portfolio | 2,602,544 | 52 | % | 2,094,749 | 51 | % | 507,795 | 24 | % | ||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 2,012,922 | 41 | % | 1,752,249 | 43 | % | 260,673 | 15 | % | ||||||||||||
| Home equity | 332,256 | 7 | % | 253,251 | 6 | % | 79,005 | 31 | % | ||||||||||||
| Consumer | 17,416 | — | % | 15,010 | — | % | 2,406 | 16 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total retail loan portfolio | $ | 2,362,594 | 48 | % | $ | 2,020,510 | 49 | % | $ | 342,084 | 17 | % | |||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 4,965,138 | 100 | % | $ | 4,115,259 | 100 | % | $ | 849,879 | 21 | % |
At December 31, 2025 and 2024, 38% and 36% of the consumer loan portfolio was unsecured, respectively. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, 57% and 55% of the home equity portfolio, respectively, was secured by junior lien positions, of which approximately 30% and 32% were loans for which we also held the first‑lien mortgage.
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The increase in loan balances at December 31, 2025, compared to 2024, was driven by the Northway acquisition in which the Company acquired $775.7 million of loans, net of purchase accounting adjustments. The table below details the organic change in loans for the year ended December 31, 2025:
| (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) = (A) - (B) - (C) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Northway Acquisition Purchase Accounting(1) | For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Organic Growth (Decline) | |||||||||||||||
| Loans: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 2,185,105 | $ | 1,711,964 | $ | 360,272 | $ | 112,869 | 7 | % | |||||||||
| Commercial | 417,439 | 382,785 | 106,487 | (71,833) | (19) | % | |||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 2,012,922 | 1,752,249 | 273,349 | (12,676) | (1) | % | |||||||||||||
| Home equity | 332,256 | 253,251 | 34,304 | 44,701 | 18 | % | |||||||||||||
| Consumer | 17,416 | 15,010 | 1,251 | 1,155 | 8 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 4,965,138 | $ | 4,115,259 | $ | 775,663 | $ | 74,216 | 2 | % |
(1) Represents fair value of as of the acquisition date, January 2, 2025.
The organic loan growth of $74.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily driven by increases in our commercial real estate and home equity segments. The $112.9 million increase in our commercial real estate segment was driven by a few larger deals specifically in the New Hampshire market after the acquisition, and the $44.7 million increase in home equity was due to the strategic shift in 2025 to grow our home equity portfolio. These increases were offset by the decrease in the commercial segment of $71.8 million, which was primarily due to the early payoffs on large municipal relationships during the year.
Refer to Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details on our loan segmentation and risks as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Portfolio Concentrations
The Company provides loans primarily to customers located within our geographic market area. As of December 31, 2025, our primary markets were Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, making up 57%, 25% and 16%, respectively, of our loan portfolio, compared to 68%, 11% and 16%, respectively, at December 31, 2024. The shift in our loan distribution across our geographic market areas shifted during 2025 with the acquisition of Northway on January 2, 2025. As of December 31, 2025, our distribution channels throughout Northern New England included 56 branches in Maine and 16 branches in New Hampshire.
At December 31, 2025, the lessors of residential buildings industry (lessors of buildings used as residences, such as single-family homes, apartments and town houses) and the non-residential building operators' industry (operators of commercial and industrial buildings, retail establishments, theaters, banks and insurance buildings) concentrations were 28% and 29%, respectively, of our total commercial real estate portfolio and both were 12% and 13%, respectively, of total loans. At December 31, 2024, the non-residential building operators’ industry and lessors of residential building industry concentrations were 32% and 21%, respectively, of total commercial real estate portfolio and were both 13% of total loans. At December 31, 2025, there were no other industry concentrations within our loan portfolio that exceeded 10% of total loans.
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The table below summarizes the industry concentrations of the commercial loan portfolio at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Commercial Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Commercial Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Real estate investment(1) | $ | 1,335,058 | 51 | % | $ | 1,056,180 | 50 | % | $ | 278,878 | 26 | % | |||||||||
| Lodging | 306,182 | 12 | % | 220,943 | 11 | % | 85,239 | 39 | % | ||||||||||||
| Retail trade | 158,397 | 6 | % | 141,157 | 7 | % | 17,240 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||
| Health care | 152,887 | 6 | % | 104,865 | 5 | % | 48,022 | 46 | % | ||||||||||||
| Construction | 82,397 | 3 | % | 74,075 | 4 | % | 8,322 | 11 | % | ||||||||||||
| Wholesale trade | 77,787 | 3 | % | 66,086 | 3 | % | 11,701 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||
| Manufacturing | 65,495 | 3 | % | 60,671 | 3 | % | 4,824 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||
| Finance and insurance | 61,236 | 2 | % | 62,005 | 3 | % | (769) | (1) | % | ||||||||||||
| Other (each 3%) | 363,105 | 14 | % | 308,767 | 14 | % | 54,338 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,602,544 | 100 | % | $ | 2,094,749 | 100 | % | $ | 507,795 | 24 | % | |||||||||
| Commercial loan portfolio mix: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 1,778,985 | 68 | % | $ | 1,387,252 | 66 | % | 391,733 | 28 | % | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 406,120 | 16 | % | 324,712 | 16 | % | 81,408 | 25 | % | ||||||||||||
| Commercial | 417,439 | 16 | % | 382,785 | 18 | % | 34,654 | 9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,602,544 | 100 | % | $ | 2,094,749 | 100 | % | $ | 507,795 | 24 | % |
(1) The following table summarizes the real estate investment loan portfolio, by property type as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Real Estate Investment Portfolio | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Real Estate Investment Portfolio | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Multi-family (5+ units)(a) | $ | 445,583 | 33 | % | 9 | % | $ | 325,050 | 31 | % | 8 | % | $ | 120,533 | 37 | % | |||||||||||
| Retail | 203,011 | 15 | % | 4 | % | 157,483 | 15 | % | 4 | % | 45,528 | 29 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Office(b) | 182,651 | 14 | % | 4 | % | 166,189 | 16 | % | 4 | % | 16,462 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 180,099 | 13 | % | 4 | % | 169,763 | 16 | % | 4 | % | 10,336 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Multi-family (1-4 units)(c) | 144,074 | 11 | % | 3 | % | 122,474 | 11 | % | 3 | % | 21,600 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Other(d) | 179,640 | 14 | % | 3 | % | 115,221 | 11 | % | 3 | % | 64,419 | 56 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,335,058 | 100 | % | 27 | % | $ | 1,056,180 | 100 | % | 26 | % | $ | 278,878 | 26 | % |
(a) Multi-family (5+ units) loans are primarily located in non-urban locations. Of our multi-family (5+ units) loans, 50% are located in Maine, 37% located in New Hampshire, and 11% located in Massachusetts at December 31, 2025.
(b) Office loans are nearly all located in non-urban locations. Of our office loans, 46% are located in Maine, 39% located in New Hampshire, and 15% located in Massachusetts at December 31, 2025.
(c) Represents multi-family (1-4 units) that are used for commercial purposes.
(d) Other includes multiple property types that individually are less than 5% of the real estate investment portfolio and individually are 1% or less of the total loan portfolio.
59
Related Party Transactions
The Bank is permitted, in its normal course of business, to make loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank under terms that are consistent with the Bank’s lending policies and regulatory requirements. In addition to extending loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank on terms consistent with the Bank’s lending policies, federal banking regulations also require training, audit and examination of the adherence to this policy (also known as “Regulation O” requirements). Note 4 and Note 9 of the consolidated financial statements provide information on related party lending and deposit transactions, respectively. We have not entered into significant related party transactions.
Asset Quality
Asset quality is of the upmost importance to the Company, and continues to be of great focus given current market conditions. Our practice is to manage the Company's loan portfolio proactively so that we are able to effectively identify problem credits and trends early, assess and implement effective work-out strategies, and take charge-offs as promptly as practical. In addition, the Company continuously reassesses its underwriting standards in response to credit risk posed by changes in economic conditions. The Company continues to dedicate significant resources to monitor and manage credit risk throughout our loan portfolio and includes management and board-level oversight as follows:
•The Credit Risk team, Collection and Special Assets team and the Credit Risk Policy Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Collections and Special Assets, Risk, and Commercial and Retail Banking, oversee the Company's systems and procedures to monitor the credit quality of its loan portfolio, conduct a loan review program, and maintain the integrity of the loan rating system.
•The adequacy of the ACL is overseen by the Management Provision Committee, which is an internal management committee. The Management Provision Committee is comprised of the Company’s chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief credit officer and certain members of senior management within Accounting, Credit Risk, and Collections and Special Assets. The Management Provision Committee supports the oversight efforts of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
•The Directors' Credit Committee of the Board of Directors reviews large credit exposures, monitors external loan review reports, reviews the lending authority for individual loan officers when required, and has approval authority and responsibility for all matters regarding the loan policy and other credit-related policies, including reviewing and monitoring asset quality trends, and concentration levels.
•The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has approval authority and oversight responsibility for the ACL adequacy and methodology.
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Non-Performing Assets. Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, and property acquired through foreclosure or repossession. The following table sets forth the composition and amount of our non-performing loans as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||
| Non-accrual loans: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 429 | $ | 129 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 210 | 430 | |||||
| Commercial | 3,042 | 1,927 | |||||
| Residential real estate | 2,667 | 1,891 | |||||
| Home equity | 672 | 434 | |||||
| Consumer | 3 | 18 | |||||
| Total non-accrual loans | 7,023 | 4,829 | |||||
| Accruing loans past due 90 days | — | — | |||||
| Total non-performing loans | 7,023 | 4,829 | |||||
| Other real estate owned | — | — | |||||
| Total non-performing assets | $ | 7,023 | $ | 4,829 | |||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 4,965,138 | $ | 4,115,259 | |||
| Total assets | $ | 6,974,584 | $ | 5,805,138 | |||
| ACL on loans | $ | 45,276 | $ | 35,728 | |||
| ACL on loans to non-accrual loans | 644.68 | % | 739.86 | % | |||
| Non-accrual loans to total loans | 0.14 | % | 0.12 | % | |||
| Non-performing loans to total loans | 0.14 | % | 0.12 | % | |||
| Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.10 | % | 0.08 | % |
Generally, a loan is classified as non-accrual when interest and/or principal payments are 90 days past due or when management believes collecting all principal and interest owed is in doubt. All previously accrued but unpaid interest on non-accrual loans is reversed from interest income in the current period. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans are applied as a reduction of principal. A loan remains on non-accrual status until all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, all future principal and interest payments are reasonably assured, and a consistent repayment record, generally six consecutive payments, has been demonstrated. At that time, we may reclassify the loan to performing.
The following table highlights the interest income that would have been recognized if loans on non-accrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms (i.e., “foregone interest income”) for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| Foregone interest income | $ | 421 | $ | 190 | $ | 131 |
Potential Problem Loans. Potential problem loans consist of classified accruing commercial and commercial real estate loans that were 30-89 days past due. Such loans are characterized by weaknesses in the financial condition of our borrowers or collateral deficiencies. Based on historical experience, the credit quality of some of these loans may improve due to the financial condition of the borrowers or changes in collateral values, while the credit quality of other loans may deteriorate, resulting in some amount of loss. These loans are not included in the above analysis of non-accrual loans. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, potential problem loans totaled $4.6 million and $96,000, respectively.
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Past Due Loans. Past due loans consist of accruing loans that were 30-89 days past due. The following table presents the recorded investment of past due loans at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 4,698 | $ | 59 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 586 | 630 | |||||
| Commercial | 541 | 393 | |||||
| Residential real estate | 1,565 | 558 | |||||
| Home equity | 713 | 552 | |||||
| Consumer | 59 | 69 | |||||
| Total loans 30-89 days past due | $ | 8,162 | $ | 2,261 | |||
| Total loans | $ | 4,965,138 | $ | 4,115,259 | |||
| Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.16 | % | 0.05 | % |
ACL. The following table sets forth information concerning the components of our ACL for the periods indicated:
| At or For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, beginning of period | $ | 35,728 | $ | 36,935 | $ | 36,922 | |||||
| ACL on acquired PCD loans | 3,071 | — | — | ||||||||
| Components of provision for credit losses on loans: | |||||||||||
| Provision for acquired non-PCD loans | 6,293 | — | — | ||||||||
| General provision for loan losses | 15,738 | 53 | 1,174 | ||||||||
| Total provision for credit losses on loans | 22,031 | 53 | 1,174 | ||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)(1): | |||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 3,151 | (10) | 39 | ||||||||
| Commercial | 12,231 | 1,329 | 1,089 | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | (21) | (26) | (26) | ||||||||
| Home equity | 20 | (97) | 60 | ||||||||
| Consumer | 173 | 64 | (1) | ||||||||
| Total net charge-offs | 15,554 | 1,260 | 1,161 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, end of the period | $ | 45,276 | $ | 35,728 | $ | 36,935 | |||||
| Components of ACL: | |||||||||||
| ACL on loans | $ | 45,276 | $ | 35,728 | $ | 36,935 | |||||
| ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 3,064 | 2,805 | 2,353 | ||||||||
| ACL, end of period | $ | 48,340 | $ | 38,533 | $ | 39,288 | |||||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 4,965,138 | $ | 4,115,259 | $ | 4,098,094 | |||||
| Average loans | $ | 4,953,595 | $ | 4,129,171 | $ | 4,076,681 | |||||
| Net charge-offs to average loans | 0.31 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.03 | % | |||||
| Provision for loan losses to average loans | 0.44 | % | — | % | 0.03 | % | |||||
| ACL on loans to total loans | 0.91 | % | 0.87 | % | 0.90 | % |
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(1) Additional information related to provision for loan losses and net (charge-offs) recoveries is presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Total Charge-offs | Total Recoveries | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans | Ratio of Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| 2025: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 3,220 | $ | 69 | $ | 3,151 | $ | 2,112,281 | 0.15 | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 12,659 | 428 | 12,231 | 487,827 | 2.51 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 4 | 25 | (21) | 2,034,170 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 21 | 1 | 20 | 300,686 | 0.01 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 185 | 12 | 173 | 18,631 | 0.93 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 16,089 | $ | 535 | $ | 15,554 | $ | 4,953,595 | 0.31 | % | |||||||||||
| 2024: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | — | $ | 10 | $ | (10) | $ | 1,699,655 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,784 | 455 | 1,329 | 394,116 | 0.34 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | — | 26 | (26) | 1,773,149 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 1 | 98 | (97) | 245,634 | (0.04) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 98 | 34 | 64 | 16,617 | 0.39 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,883 | $ | 623 | $ | 1,260 | $ | 4,129,171 | 0.03 | % | |||||||||||
| 2023: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 58 | $ | 19 | $ | 39 | $ | 1,659,078 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,560 | 471 | 1,089 | 415,650 | 0.26 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 18 | 44 | (26) | 1,748,076 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Home equity | — | 1 | (1) | 234,358 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 91 | 31 | 60 | 19,519 | 0.31 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,727 | $ | 566 | $ | 1,161 | $ | 4,076,681 | 0.03 | % |
The following table sets forth information concerning the allocation of the ACL on loans by loan categories at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 18,304 | 40 | % | $ | 14,897 | 42 | % | ||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 4,328 | 10 | % | 2,481 | 7 | % | ||||||||
| Commercial | 5,718 | 13 | % | 5,856 | 16 | % | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | 12,832 | 28 | % | 9,979 | 28 | % | ||||||||
| Home equity | 3,950 | 9 | % | 2,397 | 7 | % | ||||||||
| Consumer | 144 | — | % | 118 | — | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 45,276 | 100 | % | $ | 35,728 | 100 | % |
Refer to “—Critical Accounting Estimates” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of our CECL model macroeconomic factors (i.e. loss drivers), and refer to Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion of the risk characteristics for each portfolio segment considered when evaluating the ACL, as well as factors driving the change in the ACL on loans at December 31, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024.
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Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets
Upon completion of an acquisition the Company likely will generate goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill represents the price paid in excess of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Through the acquisition of other financial institutions, CDI assets are recognized at the estimated fair value of the acquired non-maturity deposit customer relationships. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment as of November 30th annually, or more frequently as determined by management, and CDI assets are reviewed when a triggering event suggests such a review necessary.
On January 2, 2025, the Company completed its acquisition of Northway, and, after applying provisional purchase accounting entries, it generated $56.8 million of goodwill. At December 31, 2025, goodwill totaled $151.5 million, compared to $94.7 million as of December 31, 2024. Through our annual impairment analysis performed as of November 30, 2025 and 2024, we determined goodwill was not impaired. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Estimates” and Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of the testing performed.
Through the Northway acquisition, the Company created CDI assets of $48.1 million, or 6% of core deposits acquired. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, net CDI assets totaled $42.6 and $415,000, respectively, and the related amortization was $5.9 million, $556,000, and $592,000 for the years ended 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no indications of potential risk of impairment of CDI assets for any of the aforementioned years.
Refer to Notes 2 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information
Investment in BOLI
BOLI is presented in the consolidated statements of condition at its cash surrender value. Increases in BOLI’s cash surrender value are reported as a component of non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
BOLI was $112.1 million and $104.3 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase year-over-year was primarily due to acquiring one BOLI policy as part of the Northway acquisition, as well as the increase in the cash surrender value of the Company’s BOLI policies. BOLI provides a means to mitigate increasing employee benefit costs. We expect to benefit from the BOLI contracts as a result of the tax-free growth in cash surrender value and death benefits that are expected to be generated over time. The largest risk to the BOLI program is credit risk of the insurance carriers. At December 31, 2025, we had one stable value account (that is subject to a wrapper) and that totals 9% of the BOLI portfolio, and one variable universal life insurance policy invested in a range of underlying fund options that totals 4% of the portfolio, while the remaining amounts of the BOLI portfolio are in general accounts. To mitigate risk, annual financial condition reviews are completed on all carriers and we impose internal policy limits so that no one carrier exceed 10% of Tier 1 capital plus the allowable ACL (as defined for regulatory purposes). BOLI is invested in the “general account” of quality insurance companies or in separate account products; 94% of our balances are with insurance carriers that had an A.M. Best rating of “A” or better at December 31, 2025.
Deposits
The Company receives checking, savings and time deposits primarily from customers located within our markets. Other forms of deposits include brokered deposits and deposits with the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry System. The table below details the Company’s deposits, and change between periods, as of each date indicated:
| December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | |||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 1,113,450 | $ | 925,571 | $ | 187,879 | 20 | % | |||||||
| Interest checking | 1,703,971 | 1,483,589 | 220,382 | 15 | % | ||||||||||
| Savings | 1,087,664 | 751,159 | 336,505 | 45 | % | ||||||||||
| Money market(1) | 823,044 | 760,430 | 62,614 | 8 | % | ||||||||||
| Core deposits (non-GAAP) | 4,728,129 | 3,920,749 | 807,380 | 21 | % | ||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 679,087 | 532,424 | 146,663 | 28 | % | ||||||||||
| Brokered deposits(2) | 130,565 | 179,994 | (49,429) | (27) | % | ||||||||||
| Total deposits | $ | 5,537,781 | $ | 4,633,167 | $ | 904,614 | 20 | % |
64
(1) Includes $91.1 million and $89.1 million of deposits from Camden National Wealth Management as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which represent client funds. These deposits fluctuate with changes in the portfolios of the clients of Camden National Wealth Management.
(2) At December 31, 2025 and 2024, brokered deposits consisted of $130.6 million and $105.2 million, respectively, of brokered money market balances, and $0 and $74.8 million, respectively, of brokered certificates of deposit (“CD”) balances.
The significant increase in deposit balances was driven by the Northway acquisition in which the Company acquired $971.7 million of deposits, net of purchase accounting adjustments. Of the total deposits acquired, $799.1 million, or 82%, were core deposits (non-GAAP). The table below details the organic change in deposits for the year ended December 31, 2025:
| (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) = (A) - (B) - (C) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | December 31, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | Northway Acquisition Purchase Accounting(1) | For the Year Ended December 31, 2025 Organic Growth (Decline) | |||||||||||||||
| Deposits: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 1,113,450 | $ | 925,571 | $ | 197,320 | $ | (9,441) | (1) | % | |||||||||
| Interest checking | 1,703,971 | 1,483,589 | 315,891 | (95,509) | (6) | % | |||||||||||||
| Savings and money market | 1,910,708 | 1,511,589 | 285,889 | 113,230 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 679,087 | 532,424 | 172,573 | (25,910) | (5) | % | |||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 130,565 | 179,994 | — | (49,429) | (27) | % | |||||||||||||
| Total deposits | $ | 5,537,781 | $ | 4,633,167 | $ | 971,673 | $ | (67,059) | (1) | % |
(1) Represents fair value of as of January 2, 2025 (acquisition date).
At December 31, 2025, the Company had no customer relationships that exceeded 10% of total deposits.
Uninsured and Uncollateralized Deposits. Total deposits that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 were $1.3 billion, or 23% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2025, and $1.1 billion, or 23% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2024.
Total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 and that were not secured by pledged assets or any other guarantee of the Company, totaled $828.3 million, or 15%, of total deposits as of December 31, 2025, and $760.8 million, or 16%, of total deposits as of December 31, 2024.
Borrowings and Advances
We utilize a variety of funding sources to manage our borrowings, including, but not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances, customer and wholesale repurchase agreements, the Bank Term Funding Program (under which the Federal Reserve no longer allowed for additional borrowings from financial institutions as of March 11, 2024), and junior subordinated debentures. We proactively monitor our borrowings through Management and Board ALCO as part of prudent balance sheet, earnings, and liquidity management. As part of our liquidity management, we use internal designations of “short-term” and “long-term” borrowings, and manage our borrowings within each designation:
•Short-term borrowings include, but are not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances with maturity within one year of origination, customer repurchase agreements; and
•Long-term borrowings may include, but are not limited to, FHLBB advances with maturity greater than one year, wholesale repurchase agreements, and junior subordinated debentures.
At December 31, 2025, short-term borrowings were $581.8 million, representing an increase of $81.2 million, or 16%, during 2025 to fund our balance sheet growth.
65
Short-Term Borrowings. The following table below provides certain information on our short-term borrowings at and for the period ended:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||
| FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 2,000 | $ | — | $ | 24,950 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | $ | 34,711 | $ | 9,313 | $ | 141,318 | |||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | $ | 168,500 | $ | 81,000 | $ | 189,400 | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 4.55 | % | 5.65 | % | 4.82 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 3.87 | % | — | % | 5.56 | % | |||||
| FHLBB advances (less than one year): | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 325,000 | $ | 325,000 | $ | 125,000 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | $ | 323,685 | $ | 233,060 | $ | 104,740 | |||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | $ | 325,000 | $ | 325,000 | $ | 140,000 | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 3.71 | % | 4.09 | % | 3.14 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 3.90 | % | 4.62 | % | 5.53 | % | |||||
| BTFP: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 135,000 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | $ | — | $ | 123,617 | $ | 89,510 | |||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | $ | — | $ | 225,000 | $ | 135,000 | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | — | % | 4.77 | % | 4.70 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | — | % | — | % | 4.70 | % | |||||
| Customer repurchase agreements: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 254,780 | $ | 175,621 | $ | 200,657 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | $ | 245,748 | $ | 185,299 | $ | 191,646 | |||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | $ | 270,923 | $ | 204,456 | $ | 210,140 | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 1.20 | % | 1.73 | % | 1.49 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 0.99 | % | 1.64 | % | 1.56 | % |
Junior Subordinated Debentures. We had outstanding at December 31, 2025 and 2024, junior subordinated debentures totaling $61.5 million and $44.3 million, respectively.
FHLBB Collateral. FHLBB short-term and long-term borrowings are collateralized by a blanket lien on qualified collateral consisting primarily of loans with first mortgages secured by one- to four-family properties, certain commercial real estate loans, certain pledged investment securities and other qualified assets. The carrying value of residential real estate and commercial loans pledged as collateral was $2.3 billion and $1.9 billion for December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral at the FHLBB was $0 and $4.0 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Shareholders’ Equity
Total shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2025 was $696.6 million, which was an increase of $165.3 million, or 31%, since December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by:
•An increase of $96.5 million related to shares issued in connection with the Northway acquisition;
•An increase in retained earnings of $35.7 million, reflecting net income of $65.2 million, partially offset by cash dividends declared of $29.5 million for 2025; and
•An increase in AOCI of $30.3 million, driven by the decrease in unrealized losses on the fair value of the Company’s debt securities and interest rate swaps, net of tax.
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At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements, and the Bank met the capital ratios necessary to be considered “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework. There were no changes to the Company’s or the Bank's capital ratios that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2025 that would change the Company or Bank's regulatory capital categorization.
In January 2026, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 850,000 shares of the Company's common stock, representing approximately 5.0% of the Company's issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31, 2025.
Refer to “—Capital Resources” and Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company's capital position.
The following table presents certain information regarding shareholders’ equity for the periods indicated:
| As of and For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Financial Ratios | |||||||||||
| Average equity to average assets | 9.44 | % | 8.92 | % | 8.18 | % | |||||
| Common equity ratio | 9.99 | % | 9.15 | % | 8.66 | % | |||||
| Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) | 7.41 | % | 7.64 | % | 7.11 | % | |||||
| Dividend payout ratio | 45.21 | % | 46.28 | % | 56.38 | % | |||||
| Per Share Data | |||||||||||
| Book value per share | $ | 41.16 | $ | 36.44 | $ | 33.99 | |||||
| Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) | $ | 29.69 | $ | 29.91 | $ | 27.42 | |||||
| Dividends declared per share | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.68 |
LIQUIDITY
Our liquidity needs require the availability of cash to meet the withdrawal demands of depositors and credit commitments to borrowers. Liquidity is defined as our ability to maintain availability of funds to meet customer needs, as well as to support our asset base. The primary objective of liquidity management is to maintain a balance between sources and uses of funds to meet our cash flow needs in the most economical and expedient manner. Due to the potential for unexpected fluctuations in both deposits and loans, active management of liquidity is necessary. We maintain various sources of funding and levels of liquid assets and monitor liquidity in accordance with internal guidelines and all applicable regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company's liquidity level exceeded its target. We believe that we currently have appropriate liquidity available to respond to demands. Sources of funds that we utilize consist of deposits; borrowings from the FHLBB and other sources; cash flows from loans and investments; and cash flows from operations, including other contractual obligations and commitments.
As of December 31, 2025, our primary liquidity sources available were as follows:
| (Dollars in thousands) | Amount | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Excess cash | $ | 22,352 | |
| Unpledged investment securities | 444,231 | ||
| Over collateralized securities pledging position | 186,019 | ||
| FHLBB | 914,373 | ||
| FRB Discount Window | 150,307 | ||
| Unsecured borrowing lines | 94,872 | ||
| Total available primary liquidity | $ | 1,812,154 |
Deposits. Deposits continue to represent our primary source of funds. As of December 31, 2025, total deposits were $5.5 billion, an increase of 20% over December 31, 2024. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Deposits” for additional discussion on the Company’s deposit mix and changes in deposit balances during 2025.
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The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of CDs as of December 31, 2025:
| (In thousands) | CDs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 647,672 | |
| 1 year | 31,415 | ||
| Total | $ | 679,087 |
At December 31, 2025, the Company’s brokered deposits totaled $130.6 million and was fully comprised of brokered money market accounts. The Company has established an internal policy limiting brokered deposits to 20% of the Bank’s assets and had $1.3 billion of brokered deposit capacity as of December 31, 2025. Our internal brokered deposit limit falls within the Bank’s total borrowed funds limit that cannot exceed 50% of the Bank’s assets.
Borrowings. Borrowings are used to supplement deposits as a source of liquidity. Our primary sources of borrowings are with the FHLBB, federal funds and customer repurchase agreements, but may also include alternative sources such as various forms of subordinated debentures. At December 31, 2025, total borrowings were $644.3 million.
Our practice is to secure borrowings from the FHLBB with qualified commercial and residential real estate loans, home equity loans and certain investment securities. At December 31, 2025, our total borrowing capacity with FHLBB was $924.2 million.
Customer repurchase agreements are secured by mortgage-backed securities and government-sponsored enterprises. Through the Bank, we also have available lines of credit with the FHLBB of $9.9 million, with correspondent banks of $85.0 million, and with the FRB Discount Window of $150.3 million as of December 31, 2025. We also believe that we have additional untapped access to the brokered deposit market and wholesale reverse repurchase transaction market. These sources are considered as liquidity alternatives in our contingent liquidity plan.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of borrowings as of December 31, 2025:
| (In thousands) | FHLBB Advances | Customer Repurchase Agreements | Subordinated Debentures | Total | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 327,000 | $ | 254,780 | $ | — | $ | 581,780 | |||||||
| 1 year | 1,000 | — | 61,515 | 62,515 | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | 328,000 | $ | 254,780 | $ | 61,515 | $ | 644,295 |
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Loans. Contractual loan repayments also affect our liquidity position. Actual speed and timing of repayment may differ materially from contract terms due to prepayments or nonpayment. The Company's residential mortgage loan portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of loans on the secondary market, as needed. As of December 31, 2025, qualifying loans with a book value of $2.3 billion were pledged as collateral.
The following table presents the contractual maturities of loans at the date indicated:
| December 31, 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 Year or Less | Due after 1 Year Through 5 Years | Due After 5 Years Through 15 Years | Due in More than 15 Years | Total | Percent of Total Loans | |||||||||||||||||
| Maturity Distribution(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | $ | 45,497 | $ | 442,496 | $ | 484,780 | $ | 2,627 | $ | 975,400 | 20 | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 24,193 | 123,313 | 68,609 | 8,109 | 224,224 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 214 | 9,430 | 117,416 | 1,374,707 | 1,501,767 | 30 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 52 | 133 | 13,819 | 267,317 | 281,321 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer | 1,908 | 12,355 | 3,066 | 87 | 17,416 | — | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed rate | 71,864 | 587,727 | 687,690 | 1,652,847 | 3,000,128 | 60 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Variable Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | 108,836 | 416,266 | 444,305 | 240,298 | 1,209,705 | 25 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 53,638 | 73,272 | 59,671 | 6,634 | 193,215 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 26 | 1,341 | 32,461 | 477,327 | 511,155 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Home equity | 36 | 2,754 | 14,566 | 33,579 | 50,935 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total variable rate | 162,536 | 493,633 | 551,003 | 757,838 | 1,965,010 | 40 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 234,400 | $ | 1,081,360 | $ | 1,238,693 | $ | 2,410,685 | $ | 4,965,138 | 100 | % |
(1) Scheduled repayments are reported in the maturity category in which payment is due. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less.
(2) Commercial real estate loans includes non-owner-occupied and owner-occupied properties.
Additionally, we have active relationships with various secondary market investors that purchase residential mortgage loans we originate. In addition to managing our interest rate risk position and earnings through the sale of these loans, we also manage our liquidity position through timely sales of residential mortgage loans to the secondary market. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we sold 52%, or $242.4 million, of our residential mortgage loan originations to the secondary market.
Investments. We generally invest in amortizing MBS and CMO debt securities that return cash flow at an accelerated rate in comparison to other types of debt securities that are of a bullet structure. MBS and CMO debt security cash flow will vary depending on the interest rate environment because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company's MBS and CMO debt securities portfolio totaled 92% and 91%, respectively, of the Company's investment portfolio. The investment portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of investments on the secondary market, if needed. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, $303.6 million and $334.8 million of the MBS and CMO debt securities portfolio, or 33% and 56%, respectively, were designated as AFS and not pledged as collateral. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, $188.3 million and $305.7 million, or 39% and 59%, respectively, were designated as HTM and not pledged as collateral.
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The following is a summary of the scheduled cash flows from our debt securities portfolio, including investments designated as AFS and HTM, as of December 31, 2025:
| (In thousands) | ContractualCash Flows(1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 153,550 | |||||||
| 1 year | 1,262,143 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,415,693 |
(1) Expected contractual cash flows could differ as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Other Liquidity Requirements. The Company generates cash flows from earnings through its normal course of business from earnings and, although not contractual, the Company has a history of paying a quarterly cash dividend to its shareholders and repurchasing its shares of common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company reported $65.2 million of net income, paid cash dividends of $29.5 million to shareholders, and did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.
Also through its normal operations, the Company is party to several other contractual obligations not previously discussed, such as various lease agreements on a number of its branches. Renewal options within the various lease contracts, as applicable, were considered to determine the lease term and estimate the contractual obligation and commitment for the Company's operating and finance leases. Furthermore, certain lease contracts of the Company contain language that subject its rent payment to variability, such as those tied to an index or change in an index. As a result, the future contractual obligation and commitment may differ materially from that estimated and disclosed within the table below. At December 31, 2025, we had the following lease and other contractual obligations to make future payments under each of these contracts as follows:
| Total Amount Committed | Payments Due Per Period | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 1 Year or Less | 1 Year | |||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 18,281 | $ | 2,105 | $ | 16,176 | |||||
| Finance leases | 8,859 | 396 | 8,463 | ||||||||
| Other contractual obligations | 4,937 | 4,937 | — | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 32,077 | $ | 7,438 | $ | 24,639 |
The Company's estimated lease liability for its various operating and finance leases was reported within other liabilities on our consolidated statements of condition. Please refer to Notes 1 and 7 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of our leases.
In the normal course of business, we are a party to credit related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, which are not reflected in the consolidated statements of condition. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Many of the commitments will expire without being drawn upon, and thus, the total amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details.
We use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes (primarily interest rate risk) and not for trading or speculative purposes. These contracts with our various counterparties may subject the Company to various cash flow requirements, which may include posting of cash as collateral (or other assets) for arrangements that the Company is in a liability position (i.e. “underwater”). Refer to Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives and hedge instruments.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
As part of our goal to operate a safe, sound and profitable financial organization, we are committed to maintaining a strong capital base. Shareholders’ equity totaled $696.6 million and $531.2 million at December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, which amounted to 10% and 9%, respectively of total assets. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Shareholders' Equity” for discussion regarding changes in shareholders' equity since December 31, 2024.
Our principal cash requirement is the payment of dividends on our common stock, as and when declared by the Company's Board of Directors. We declared dividends to shareholders in the aggregate amount of $29.5 million, or $1.68 per share, $24.6 million, or $1.68 per share, and $24.5 million, or $1.68 per share, for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company's Board of Directors approves cash dividends on a quarterly basis after careful analysis and consideration of various factors, including the following: (i) capital position relative to total assets, (ii) risk-based assets, (iii) total classified assets, (iv) economic conditions, (v) growth rates for total assets and total liabilities, (vi) earnings performance and projections and (vii) strategic initiatives and related capital requirements. All dividends declared and distributed by the Company will be in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and state corporate law.
We are primarily dependent upon the payment of cash dividends by the Bank, our wholly-owned subsidiary, to service our commitments. We, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, are entitled to dividends, when and as declared by the Bank's Board of Directors from legally available funds. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, the Bank declared dividends payable to the Company in the amount of $25.4 million, $30.1 million, and $22.5 million, respectively. Under OCC regulations, the Bank generally may not declare a dividend in excess of the Bank’s undivided profits or, absent OCC approval, if the total amount of dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of the Bank's retained net income for the current year plus its retained net income for the prior two years. If we are required to use dividends from the Bank to service unforeseen commitments in the future, we may be required to reduce the dividends paid to our shareholders going forward.
Please refer to Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of the Company and Bank's capital regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company and Bank met all regulatory capital requirements and the Bank continues to be classified as “well capitalized” under prompt corrective action provisions.
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RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company’s Board of Directors and management have identified significant risk categories which affect the Company. The risk categories include: credit; liquidity; market; interest rate; capital; operational; technology, including cybersecurity; vendor and third party; people and compensation; compliance and legal; and strategic alignment and reputation. The Board of Directors has approved an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) Policy that addresses each category of risk. The direct oversight and responsibility for the Company's risk management program has been delegated to the Company's Executive Vice President, Chief Risk Officer, who is a member of the Executive Committee and reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer.
The Company is, and may become, subject to other risks. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for further description of the Company's material risks.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from an obligor's failure to meet the terms of any contract with the Company or otherwise to perform as agreed. It is found in all activities in which success depends on counterparty, issuer or borrower performance. It arises any time funds are extended, committed, invested or otherwise exposed through actual or implied contractual agreements, whether reflected on or off the Company's balance sheet. The Company makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of its loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers and counterparties and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of loans. For further discussion regarding credit risk and the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, refer to “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from the Company’s inability to meet its obligations when they come due, without incurring unacceptable losses. Liquidity risk includes the inability to manage unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources. Liquidity risk also arises from the failure to recognize or address changes in market conditions that affect the ability to liquidate assets quickly and with minimal loss in value. For further discussion regarding the Company's management of liquidity risk, refer to the “—Liquidity” section.
Market Risk. Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The ongoing monitoring and management of this risk is an important component of our asset and liability management process, which is governed by policies established by the Bank’s Board of Directors that are reviewed and approved annually. The Board ALCO delegates responsibility for carrying out the asset/liability management policies to Management ALCO. In this capacity, Management ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting our asset/liability management-related activities based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels and trends. Board ALCO meets on a quarterly basis to review strategies, policies, economic conditions and various activities as part of the management of these risks.
Certain of the Company's revenues are asset-based and determined as a percentage of the value of a client's assets under management. Such values are affected by changes in financial markets, such as interest rate risk, equity prices, and foreign exchange rates, and, accordingly, declines in the financial market may negatively impact its revenue. As of December 31, 2025, client assets under management by Camden National Wealth Management were $1.3 billion. It is estimated that a 1% increase or decrease in client assets under management would result in a de minimis impact to our consolidated financial results.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary component of our earnings. Board ALCO and Management ALCO utilize the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. While Board ALCO and Management ALCO routinely monitor simulated net interest income sensitivity over a rolling two-year horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated statements of condition, as well as for derivative financial instruments. This sensitivity analysis is compared to internal ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one- and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth or change in composition, given a 200 basis point upward and downward shift in interest rates. In the down 200 basis points scenario, Federal Funds and Treasury yields are floored at 0.01% while Prime is floored at 3.00%. All other market rates are floored at the lesser of current levels or 0.25%.
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As of December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflected the following changes to net interest income assuming no balance sheet growth or change in composition, and a parallel shift in interest rates. All rate changes were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder of the ALCO simulation horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As of December 31, | |||||||||
| Rate Change from Year 1 – Base | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Year 1 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | (2.1) | % | (1.6) | % | (0.6) | % | |||
| -200 basis points | 3.1 | % | 3.0 | % | — | % | |||
| Year 2 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | 5.2 | % | 5.2 | % | 11.4 | % | |||
| -200 basis points | 7.7 | % | 14.4 | % | 11.5 | % |
The preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, including loan and deposit betas, and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Based upon the net interest income simulation models, in Year 1 of a rising interest rate environment the Company is slightly liability sensitive as our funding will reprice faster than assets as market rates rise over the first year and result in lower net interest income. Cash flows from investments and loans are redeployed into current market rates at higher yields than our existing portfolio, however funding cost pressures continue in the higher current rate environment and outpace asset yield expansion. In Year 2, funding cost pressures subside and asset yields continue to improve, resulting in improved net interest income compared to our Year 1 base scenario. In Year 1 of a falling interest rate environment, net interest income is expected to improve as the decrease in funding costs outpaces the decrease in asset yields from accelerated loan and investment prepayments. In Year 2, net interest income is expected to further increase compared to our Year 1 base scenario as asset yields are supported by fixed rates and floors while cost of funds reductions continue.
Periodically, if deemed appropriate, we use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to hedge our interest rate risk position. The Board of Directors has approved hedging policy statements governing the use of these instruments. As of December 31, 2025, we had interest rate swap agreements with a total notional of $63.0 million related to our junior subordinated debentures, $25.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on variable rate deposits to mitigate exposure to rising rates, $325.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on short-term fixed-rate rolling funding to mitigate exposure to rising rates, and $475.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements to hedge fixed-rate residential mortgages using the “portfolio layer” method, and $403.8 million of notional interest rate swap agreements related to commercial loan level derivative program with both our commercial customers and a corresponding swap dealer. The Board and Management ALCO monitor derivative activities relative to their expectations and our hedging policies. Refer to Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives instruments.
Capital Risk. Capital risk is the risk that an investor may lose all or part of the principal amount invested. The Company faces this risk as it manages its balance sheet and has investments or loans that may lose all or part of the principal amount the Company has invested, which can have an impact on shareholders' equity. The Company also faces capital risk in that the entity may lose value on components of its shareholders' equity. The regulatory environment mandates the Company and Bank maintain certain levels of capital. These capital levels can change based upon regulatory changes, which can then impact what the Company is able to accomplish from a strategic perspective. For further discussion regarding capital risk and management of this risk, refer to “—Capital Resources,” and Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements.
Operational Risk. Operational risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings and capital arising from fraud, error and the inability to deliver products or services, maintain a competitive position and manage information. Risk is inherent in efforts to gain strategic advantage and in the failure to keep pace with changes in the financial services marketplace. Operational risk is evident in each product and service offered by the Company and encompasses product development and delivery, transaction processing, systems development, change management, complexity of products and services, human resource elements and the
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internal control environment. The risk that transactions may not be processed on time or correctly can have significant impact on the Bank’s reputation, which can result in compliance violations and fines, and/or other financial risks.
The Company manages operational risk through a series of internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. These programs include various internal and external audit programs, internal committees to oversee compliance with programs and remedial actions, if necessary, and various documented policies, procedures and framework for addressing such risks.
Technology Risk, including Cybersecurity. Technology Risk, including risk relating to artificial intelligence and other emerging or developing technologies, is the risk of financial loss, disruption or damage to the reputation of an organization resulting from the failure of its information technology systems, weak computing infrastructure, or a breach of information technology systems. Technology and cybersecurity risk could materialize in a variety of ways, such as unpatched or vulnerable computing systems, deliberate and unauthorized breaches of security to gain access to information systems, unintentional or accidental breaches of security, operational information technology risks due to factors such as poor system integrity, weak computing infrastructure and/or a weak Cybersecurity protection program.
Poorly managed technology and cybersecurity risk can leave an institution exposed to a variety of cybercrimes, with consequences ranging from data disruption to economic destitution. Damage to our brand due to a technology and/or cybersecurity event can be significant to overcome depending on the severity of the event.
The Company manages technology and cybersecurity risks through its internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. Refer to Item 1C. Cybersecurity for further information.
Vendor and Third Party Risk. Vendor and third party risk represents the risk related to outsourced activities and in certain situations includes reliance on vendors to deliver services on our behalf. The Company has many service partners and an increasing reliance on outsourced services, which places greater risk on the Company through these many partners. These relationships are controlled by contracts and service level agreements, but represent increasing risk to the Company.
The Company manages vendor and third party risk through its vendor management program, which includes robust due diligence and risk assessment prior to engaging a new vendor, annual review of certain vendors depending on the services provided by the vendor, and an evaluation of the risk the vendor may present to the Company through our reliance on its services.
People and Compensation Risk. People and compensation risk includes: (1) the risk of employee dishonesty, incompetence or error; (2) the risk of not having individuals with adequate training and experience to properly discharge their responsibilities; (3) the risk of not having sufficient depth of personnel to provide back up for critical functions; (4) the risk of lawsuit by employees alleging improper actions by or on behalf of the Company; (5) succession planning; and (6) compensation risk, which includes having compensation plans that effectively allow the Company to hire and keep the right talent, and properly designed compensation and incentive programs to promote ethical behavior and assure that excessive risk is not encouraged.
The Company manages people and compensation risk through annual risk assessments of various compensation and incentive plans, oversight by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the use of third party compensation consultants, and various insurance programs.
Compliance and Legal Risk. Compliance and legal risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from violations of, or nonconformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or ethical standards, as well as judicial, regulatory, governmental, arbitration and other proceedings or investigations concerning matters or disputes arising from the conduct of the Company’s business activities. This risk exposes the Company to fines, civil money penalties, payment of damages, legal fees, and the voiding of contracts. Compliance risk can lead to diminished reputation, reduced franchise value, limited business opportunities, reduced expansion potential, and an inability to enforce contracts. Legal risk exists in generally all activity of the Company where there is any possibility that the Company will become subject to liability. The outcomes of legal actions are unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties. The Company’s judgment in establishing accruals for any possible losses is influenced by information currently available related to the potential outcome of actions, including input and advice from external counsel. These matters may be in various stages of investigation, discovery, or proceedings.
The Company manages compliance and legal risk through various internal and external audit programs, use of third parties for consulting and legal support, ongoing compliance risk assessments, the ERM Committee and various insurance programs.
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Strategic Alignment Risk. Strategic alignment risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings or capital arising from adverse business decisions, improper implementation of decisions, or lack of responsiveness to industry changes. This risk is a function of the compatibility of the Company's strategic goals, the business strategies developed to achieve those goals, the resources deployed against these goals, and the quality of implementation.
Brand Risk. Brand risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings and capital arising from negative public opinion. The reputation of financial services companies can be based on brand and trust, and the loss of brand or trust can negatively impact the Company's operations and financial results. Brand risk exposure is present throughout the organization and our interactions with our various stakeholders, including, but not limited to, our customers, communities and investors.
The Company manages its strategic alignment and brand risk through various internal policies and programs, including, but not limited to, the Company's core values, code of ethics policy, financial code of ethics policy, Audit Committee complaint policy, employee handbook, and other policies and programs, as well as through strategic planning and oversight by the Board of Directors.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the consolidated financial statements.
MD&A history
Prior-year 10-K MD&A spans are extracted from SEC filings with the same bounded parser used for the latest filing. The latest 10-K appears above; prior years are below.
FY 2024 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0000750686-25-000044.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations and financial condition at and for the year ended December 31, 2024, and where appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and selected consolidated financial data.
Refer to the Company’s 2023 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024 for the discussion of results of operations and financial condition at and for the year ended December 31, 2023.
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
On January 2, 2025, the Company completed its previously announced stock-for stock acquisition of Northway. The total consideration paid by the Company consisted of approximately $96.5 million (approximately 2.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock) based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $42.25, as reported by Nasdaq on January 2, 2025. Results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K reflect only the results of operations and cash flows of the Company and do not include the results of operations or cash flows of Northway. In addition, neither the shares of Company common stock issued as consideration in the acquisition nor any purchase accounting adjustment that the Company will make in connection with the acquisition are reflected in the Company’s financial condition for any period presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company will account for the Northway acquisition as a business combination in results of operations for the first quarter of 2025. For additional information regarding the Company’s acquisition of Northway, refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The following is provided to aid the reader and provide a reference page when reviewing this section of the Form 10-K:
| Acronym | Description | Acronym | Description | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFS: | Available-for-sale | GAAP: | Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States | |||
| ALCO: | Asset/Liability Committee | GDP: | Gross domestic product | |||
| ACL: | Allowance for credit losses | HTM: | Held-to-maturity | |||
| AOCI: | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | LGD: | Loss given default | |||
| ASC: | Accounting Standards Codification | LIBOR: | London Interbank Offered Rate | |||
| ASU: | Accounting Standards Update | LTIP: | Long-Term Performance Share Plan | |||
| Bank: | Camden National Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Corporation | Management ALCO: | Management Asset/Liability Committee | |||
| BOLI: | Bank-owned life insurance | MBS: | Mortgage-backed security | |||
| Board ALCO: | Board of Directors' Asset/Liability Committee | MSPP: | Management Stock Purchase Plan | |||
| BTFP: | Bank Term Funding Program, introduced by the Federal Reserve Bank in March 2023 | N/A: | Not applicable | |||
| CCTA: | Camden Capital Trust A, an unconsolidated entity formed by Camden National Corporation | Northway | Northway Financial, Inc., acquired by the Company on January 2, 2025 | |||
| CD: | Certificate of deposits | Northway Bank | Wholly-owned subsidiary bank of Northway Financial, Inc., which merged into Camden National Bank on January 2, 2025 | |||
| CECL: | Current Expected Credit Losses | N.M.: | Not meaningful | |||
| Company: | Camden National Corporation | OCC: | Office of the Comptroller of the Currency | |||
| CMO: | Collateralized mortgage obligation | OCI: | Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||
| CUSIP: | Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures | OREO: | Other real estate owned | |||
| DCRP: | Defined Contribution Retirement Plan | PD: | Probability of default | |||
| EPS: | Earnings per share | ROU: | Right-of-use | |||
| FASB: | Financial Accounting Standards Board | SBA: | U.S. Small Business Administration | |||
| FDIC: | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | SBA PPP: | U.S. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program | |||
| FHLBB: | Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston | SERP: | Supplemental executive retirement plans | |||
| FHLMC: | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | SOFR: | Secured Overnight Financing Rate | |||
| FRB: | Federal Reserve System Board of Governors | UBCT: | Union Bankshares Capital Trust I, an unconsolidated entity formed by Union Bankshares Company that was subsequently acquired by Camden National Corporation | |||
| FRBB: | Federal Reserve Bank of Boston | U.S.: | United States of America |
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
In addition to evaluating the Company’s results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as core net income; core diluted earnings per share; core return on average assets; core return on average equity; pre-tax, pre-provision income and core pre-tax, pre-provision; income; the efficiency ratio; return on average tangible equity and core return on average tangible equity; tangible book value per share and tangible common equity ratio; net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent); and core deposits and average core deposits. We utilize these non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of measuring our performance against our peer group and other financial institutions and analyzing our internal performance. We also believe these non-GAAP financial measures help investors better understand the Company’s operating performance and trends and allow for better performance comparisons to other banks. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures remove the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP operating results, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other financial institutions.
Core Net Income; Core Diluted Earnings per Share; Core Return on Average Assets; and Core Return on Average Equity. Core net income, core diluted earnings per share, core return on average assets and core return on average equity are each supplemental measures that exclude certain transactions as outlined and calculated in the table below. Each item reconciles to reported net income, diluted earnings per share, return on average assets and return on average equity. The Company believes these core financial metrics assist users of its financial statements with their financial analysis period-over-period as they are core for certain non-recurring items.
| For the Year EndedDecember 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands, except number of shares, per share data and ratios) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Core Net Income: | |||||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 53,004 | $ | 43,383 | $ | 61,439 | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | — | 10,310 | 912 | ||||||||
| Adjustment for Signature Bank bond (recovery) write-off | (910) | 1,838 | — | ||||||||
| Adjustment for merger and acquisition costs | 1,159 | ||||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | 179 | (2,551) | (192) | ||||||||
| Core net income | $ | 53,432 | $ | 52,980 | $ | 62,159 | |||||
| Core Diluted Earnings per Share: | |||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share, as presented | $ | 3.62 | $ | 2.97 | $ | 4.17 | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | — | 0.71 | 0.06 | ||||||||
| Adjustment for Signature Bank bond (recovery) write-off | (0.06) | 0.13 | — | ||||||||
| Adjustment for merger and acquisition costs | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | 0.01 | (0.18) | (0.01) | ||||||||
| Core diluted earnings per share | $ | 3.65 | $ | 3.63 | $ | 4.22 | |||||
| Core Return on Average Assets: | |||||||||||
| Return on average assets, as presented | 0.92 | % | 0.76 | % | 1.12 | % | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | — | % | 0.18 | % | 0.02 | % | |||||
| Adjustment for Signature Bank bond (recovery) write-off | (0.02) | % | 0.03 | % | — | ||||||
| Adjustment for merger and acquisition costs | 0.02 | % | |||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | — | % | (0.04) | % | — | ||||||
| Core return on average assets | 0.92 | % | 0.93 | % | 1.14 | % | |||||
| Core Return on Average Equity: | |||||||||||
| Return on average equity, as presented | 10.36 | % | 9.30 | % | 13.15 | % | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | — | % | 2.21 | % | 0.20 | % | |||||
| Adjustment for Signature Bank bond (recovery) write-off | (0.18) | % | 0.39 | % | — | ||||||
| Adjustment for merger and acquisition costs | 0.23 | % | |||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | 0.04 | % | (0.55) | % | (0.04) | % | |||||
| Core return on average equity | 10.45 | % | 11.35 | % | 13.31 | % |
(1) Assumed a 21% income tax rate for eligible costs.
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Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is a supplemental measure of operating earnings and performance. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is calculated as net income before adjustment for (credit) provision for credit losses and adjustment for income tax expense. This supplemental measure became a widely used by financial institutions as a measure of financial performance for comparability across financial institutions.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 53,004 | $ | 43,383 | $ | 61,439 | |||||
| Adjustment for (credit) provision for credit losses | (404) | 2,100 | 4,500 | ||||||||
| Adjustment for income tax expense | 12,456 | 10,453 | 15,608 | ||||||||
| Pre-tax, pre-provision income | $ | 65,056 | $ | 55,936 | $ | 81,547 |
Efficiency Ratio. The efficiency ratio represents an approximate measure of the cost required for the Company to generate a dollar of revenue. This is a common measure used by financial institutions and is a key ratio for evaluating Company performance. The efficiency ratio is calculated as the ratio of (i) total non-interest expense, adjusted for certain operating expenses, as necessary to (ii) net interest income on a tax equivalent basis plus total non-interest income, adjusted for certain other income items, as necessary.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Non-interest expense, as presented | $ | 111,936 | $ | 107,361 | $ | 106,849 | |||||
| Adjustment for merger and acquisition costs | 1,159 | — | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted non-interest expense | $ | 110,777 | $ | 107,361 | $ | 106,849 | |||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 132,453 | $ | 132,263 | $ | 147,694 | |||||
| Adjustment for the effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 637 | 901 | 937 | ||||||||
| Non-interest income, as presented | 44,539 | 31,034 | 40,702 | ||||||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | — | 10,310 | 912 | ||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income plus non-interest income | $ | 177,629 | $ | 174,508 | $ | 190,245 | |||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues(2) | 63.24 | % | 65.75 | % | 56.72 | % | |||||
| Non-GAAP efficiency ratio | 62.36 | % | 61.52 | % | 56.16 | % |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
(2) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
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Return on Average Tangible Equity and Core Return on Average Tangible Equity. Return on average tangible equity is the ratio of (i) net income, adjusted for tax effected amortization of core deposit intangible assets and other adjustments, as necessary, to (ii) average shareholders' equity, adjusted for average goodwill and core deposit intangible assets. This adjusted financial ratio reflects a shareholders' return on tangible capital deployed in our business and is a common performance measure within the financial services industry. Core return on average tangible equity is calculated the same as return on average tangible equity but uses core net income which excludes certain transactions as shown in the table above. The Company believes this adjusted metric assists users of its financial statements with their period-over-period financial analysis as it is adjusted for certain non-recurring items.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Return on Average Tangible Equity: | |||||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 53,004 | $ | 43,383 | $ | 61,439 | |||||
| Adjustment for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | 556 | 592 | 625 | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustment(1) | (117) | (124) | (131) | ||||||||
| Net income, adjusted for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | $ | 53,443 | $ | 43,851 | $ | 61,933 | |||||
| Average equity, as presented | $ | 511,813 | $ | 466,717 | $ | 467,245 | |||||
| Adjustment for average goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (95,389) | (95,962) | (96,572) | ||||||||
| Average tangible equity | $ | 416,424 | $ | 370,755 | $ | 370,673 | |||||
| Return on average equity | 10.36 | % | 9.30 | % | 13.15 | % | |||||
| Return on average tangible equity | 12.83 | % | 11.83 | % | 16.71 | % | |||||
| Core Return on Average Tangible Equity: | |||||||||||
| Core net income (see “Core Net Income” table above) | $ | 53,432 | $ | 52,980 | $ | 62,159 | |||||
| Adjustment for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | 556 | 592 | 625 | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustment(1) | (117) | (124) | (131) | ||||||||
| Core net income, adjusted for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | $ | 53,871 | $ | 53,448 | $ | 62,653 | |||||
| Core return on average tangible equity | 12.94 | % | 14.42 | % | 16.90 | % |
(1) Assumed a 21% income tax rate.
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Tangible Book Value per Share and Tangible Common Equity Ratio. Tangible book value per share is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill, and core deposit intangible assets to (ii) total common shares outstanding at period end. Tangible book value per share is a common measure within our industry when assessing the value of a company as it removes goodwill and other intangible assets generated within purchase accounting upon a business combination.
Tangible common equity is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill and core deposit intangible assets to (ii) total assets less goodwill and core deposit intangible assets. This ratio is a measure used within our industry to assess whether or not a company is highly leveraged.
| (In thousands, except number of shares and per share data) | December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||
| Tangible Book Value Per Share: | |||||||
| Shareholders' equity, as presented | $ | 531,231 | $ | 495,064 | |||
| Adjustment for goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (95,112) | (95,668) | |||||
| Tangible shareholders' equity | $ | 436,119 | $ | 399,396 | |||
| Shares outstanding at period end | 14,579,339 | 14,565,952 | |||||
| Book value per share | $ | 36.44 | $ | 33.99 | |||
| Tangible book value per share | $ | 29.91 | $ | 27.42 | |||
| Tangible Common Equity Ratio: | |||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,805,138 | $ | 5,714,506 | |||
| Adjustment for goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (95,112) | (95,668) | |||||
| Tangible assets | $ | 5,710,026 | $ | 5,618,838 | |||
| Common equity ratio | 9.15 | % | 8.66 | % | |||
| Tangible common equity ratio | 7.64 | % | 7.11 | % |
Net Interest Income (Fully-Taxable Equivalent). Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis is net interest income plus the taxes that would have been paid had tax-exempt securities been taxable. This number attempts to enhance the comparability of the performance of assets that have different tax liabilities. This is a common measure with the financial services industry and is used within the calculation of net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 132,453 | $ | 132,263 | $ | 147,694 | |||||
| Adjustment for the effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 637 | 901 | 937 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, tax equivalent | $ | 133,090 | $ | 133,164 | $ | 148,631 |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
Core Deposits. Core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and lower cost. The Company calculates core deposits as total deposits less CDs and brokered deposits. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Total deposits, as presented | $ | 4,633,167 | $ | 4,597,360 | |||
| Adjustment for certificates of deposit | (532,424) | (609,503) | |||||
| Adjustment for brokered deposits | (179,994) | (101,919) | |||||
| Core deposits | $ | 3,920,749 | $ | 3,885,938 |
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Average Core Deposits. Average core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and at a lower interest rate cost. The Company calculates average core deposits as total deposits less CDs. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Total average deposits, as presented(1) | $ | 4,385,401 | $ | 4,481,322 | $ | 4,472,063 | |||||
| Adjustment for average certificates of deposit | (567,182) | (453,723) | (295,586) | ||||||||
| Average core deposits | $ | 3,818,219 | $ | 4,027,599 | $ | 4,176,477 |
(1) Brokered deposits are excluded from total average deposits, as presented on the Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate analysis table.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported. Actual results could materially differ from our current estimates, as a result of changing conditions and future events. Estimates particularly critical and susceptible to significant near-term change, include (i) the ACL on loans and (ii) accounting for acquisitions and the subsequent review of goodwill and intangible assets generated in an acquisition for impairment.
Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of the Company's accounting policies, including new accounting standards recently adopted.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”). The ACL is calculated using the current expected credit loss accounting model, often referred to as “CECL.” Under CECL, the ACL at each reporting period serves as our best estimate of projected credit losses over the contractual life of certain assets, adjusted for expected prepayments, given an expectation of economic conditions and forecasts as of the valuation date.
The recorded ACL on loans is determined based on the amortized cost basis of the assets and may be determined at various levels, including homogeneous loan pools and individual credits with unique risk factors. We use a discounted cash flow approach to calculate the ACL for each loan segment. Within the discounted cash flow model, a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) assumption is applied to calculate the expected loss for each loan segment. PD is the probability the asset will default within a given timeframe and LGD is the percentage of the assets not expected to be collected due to default. PD and LGD data may be derived using (1) internal historical default and loss experience, as well as from (2) external data if there are not statistically meaningful loss events or our own internal loss data does not span a full economic cycle for a given loan segment.
CECL may create more volatility in our ACL and particularly in our ACL on loans. Under CECL, our ACL may increase or decrease period-to-period based on many assumptions, including, but not limited to: (i) macroeconomic forecasts and conditions; (ii) a change in the forecast period; (iii) a change in the reversion speed; (iv) a change in the prepayment speed assumption; (v) various qualitative factors outlined in ASU 2016-13.
ACL on Loans. We consider the ACL on loans to be a critical accounting estimate given the uncertainty in evaluating the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loans in its portfolio. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is a key management function that requires significant judgment and estimate by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the current loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in future periods. While our current evaluation indicates that the ACL on loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was appropriate, the allowance may need to be increased under adversely different conditions or assumptions.
The significant key assumptions used with the ACL on loans calculation at December 31, 2024 and 2023 using the CECL methodology, included:
•Macroeconomic factors (loss drivers): Macroeconomic factors are used within our discounted cash flow model to forecast the PD over the forecast period. As macroeconomic factor conditions worsen, the PD increases, and the
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corresponding LGD increases, resulting in an increase in the ACL on loans. We monitor and assess Maine unemployment, changes in Maine GDP, changes in National GDP, and changes in Maine's Housing Price Index at least annually to determine if these macroeconomic factors continue to be the most predictive indicator of losses within our loan portfolio. Macroeconomic factors used in the calculation of the ACL on loans may change from time to time and in times of greater uncertainty, we may consider a range of possible forecasts and evaluate the probability of each scenario. We assessed our loss factors again in the fourth quarter of 2024 and there were no changes made to the ACL on loans calculation for reporting as of December 31, 2024.
•Forecast Period and Reversion speed: The company uses a reasonable and supportable forecast period in developing the ACL, which represents the time period that management believes it can reasonably forecast the identified loss drivers. Generally, the forecast period management believes to be reasonable and supportable is set annually and validated through an assessment of economic leading indicators. In periods of greater volatility and uncertainty, such as that seen across the global markets and economies, including the U.S., we are likely to use a shorter forecast period, whereas when markets, economies and various other factors are considered more stable and certain, we are likely to use a longer forecast period. Generally, we expect our forecast period to range from one to three years. Once the reasonable and supportable forecast period is determined, the company reverts its loss expectations to the long-run historical mean for the remainder of the contract life of the asset, adjusted for prepayments. In determining the length of time over which the reversion will take place (i.e. “reversion speed”), we consider such factors such as, but not limited to, historical loan loss experience over previous economic cycles, as well as where we believe we are within the current economic cycle. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we used a two-year forecast period and a two-year reversion period for each loan segment to measure the ACL on loans as we believe this methodology aligns the economic forecasted data used to calculate the ACL with the Company’s internal views of the future economic state.
•Prepayment speeds: Prepayment speeds are determined for each loan segment utilizing our own historical loan data, as well as consideration of current environmental factors. The prepayment speed assumption is utilized with the discounted cash flow model (i.e. the CECL model) to forecast expected cash flows over the contractual life of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. A higher prepayment speed assumption will drive a lower ACL, and vice versa.
•Qualitative factors: Companies are required to consider various qualitative factors that may impact expected credit losses. We continue to consider qualitative factors in determining and arriving at our ACL on loans each reporting period. In 2024 the Company increased the qualitative factors used to address the increased risk for all loans that were rated as criticized or classified.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the recorded ACL on loans was $35.7 and $36.9 million, respectively, and represented our best estimate of expected credit losses within our loan portfolio as of each date. However, we may adjust our assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses each period. A future change of our assumptions will likely alter the level of allowance required and may have a material impact on future results of operations and financial condition. The ACL is reviewed periodically within a calendar quarter to assess trends in the aforementioned key assumptions, as well as asset quality within our loan portfolio, and we consider the impact of these trends on the ACL and the Company's financial condition, if any. The ACL on loans is reviewed and approved on a quarterly basis by the Company's Audit Committee, and later reviewed and ratified by the Bank's Board of Directors.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses,” “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Purchase Price Allocation and Impairment of Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets. We record all acquired assets and liabilities at fair value, which is an estimate determined by the use of internal valuation techniques. We also may engage external valuation services to assist with the valuation of material assets and liabilities acquired, including, but not limited to, loans, core deposit intangibles and/or other intangible assets, real estate and time deposits. As part of purchase accounting, we typically acquire goodwill and other intangible assets as part of the purchase price. These assets are subject to ongoing periodic impairment tests under differing accounting models. We did not acquire any other company or assets during 2024 or 2023, however, refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements for subsequent events.
Goodwill impairment evaluations are required to be performed at least annually, but may be required more frequently if certain conditions indicate a potential impairment may exist. Our policy is to perform the goodwill impairment analysis annually as of November 30th, or more frequently as warranted. The goodwill impairment evaluation is required to be performed at the reporting unit level. Goodwill impairment is measured by the amount the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, and an impairment charge is recorded for the lesser of this amount or the amount to write-down goodwill to zero.
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We elected to use the quantitative analysis to perform the annual goodwill impairment assessment as of November 30, 2024 and 2023 and concluded that goodwill was not impaired. We may use a qualitative analysis to evaluate goodwill for impairment when it is believed that it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its book value, or if a quantitative analysis was recently used to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit, and there are not any indications of events that would suggest such conclusions for impairment have changed. The Company did not recognize any impairment of goodwill in 2024, 2023 or 2022.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
2024 Overview. Throughout 2024, we continued our work and efforts from 2023 with a goal of continuing to improve and optimize our net interest margin and maintain our strong asset quality. Over the course of 2024, we took various actions to improve our net interest margin. Those actions, combined with the Federal Reserve reducing the Federal Funds Rate by 100 basis points during the second half of 2024, resulted in an improvement to our net interest margin from a reported 2.30% for the first quarter of 2024 to 2.57% for the fourth quarter of 2024. Our improvement in net interest margin consistently each calendar quarter throughout 2024, along with continued strong asset quality and disciplined management of our operating expenses, translated into strong reported earnings for 2024 of $53.0 million, or $3.62 per a diluted share, which was 22% higher than reported net income for 2023. Profitability continues to improve, highlighted by a return on average assets of 1.01%, return on average equity of 10.99% and a return on tangible shareholders’ equity (non-GAAP) of 13.50% for the fourth quarter of 2024.
On September 10, 2024, we announced our planned acquisition of Northway, the bank holding company of Northway Bank, which we later closed on January 2, 2025. The acquisition of Northway presented a great opportunity for two historic franchises in Northern New England to combine and create a premier banking and financial services franchise across Maine and New Hampshire through 73 total branches. Through the combination, the Company’s total assets are approximately $7.0 billion as of January 2, 2025.
We enter 2025 with strong financial momentum and a balance sheet positioned well for the current interest rate environment.
Operating Results. For 2024, the Company reported net income of $53.0 million and diluted EPS of $3.62, each an increase of 22% compared to 2023. During 2023, we took certain actions to improve the Company’s future earnings capacity and profitability by selling certain investments and redeploying the proceeds into higher yielding assets. In doing so, the Company recorded pre-tax investment losses totaling $10.3 million in 2023. Also, during 2023, we wrote-off a $1.8 million Signature Bank corporate bond in full due to Signature Bank’s failure. During 2024, we sold our position in this corporate bond and recovered $910,000, before taxes. Adjusting for these items, along with $1.2 million, before taxes, of merger-related costs associated with the acquisition of Northway Financial during 2024, we reported core net income of $53.4 million and diluted EPS of $3.65, each an increase of 1% over 2023.
Financial Highlights. Our financial highlights for 2024 include:
Improving Profitability and Return Profile – Improved net interest margin and disciplined management of operating expenses, the Company resulted in positive operating leverage of 4% for 2024, which drove improved financial profitability and shareholder returns, headlined by a return on average assets of 0.92%, return on average equity of 10.36% and return on average tangible equity (non-GAAP) of 12.83%, compared to 0.76%, 9.30% and 11.83% for 2023, respectively.
Strong Asset Quality – Key credit quality metrics in both commercial and consumer portfolios remained resilient throughout 2024, headlined by non-performing assets of 0.11% of total assets and past due loans of 0.05% of total loans at December 31, 2024.
Strong Capital Position – At December 31, 2024, all of our regulatory capital ratios were well in excess of regulatory capital requirements. Our capital and loan reserve levels, along with our strong credit quality position us for continued success.
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| Financial Highlights | As of or For The Year endedDecember 31, | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands, except per share data and ratios) | 2024 | 2023 | Change | ||||||||
| Earnings and Profitability | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 53,004 | $ | 43,383 | 22 | % | |||||
| Diluted EPS | $ | 3.62 | $ | 2.97 | 22 | % | |||||
| Core net income (non-GAAP) | $ | 53,432 | $ | 52,980 | 1 | % | |||||
| Core diluted EPS (non-GAAP) | $ | 3.65 | $ | 3.63 | 1 | % | |||||
| Return on average assets | 0.92 | % | 0.76 | % | 0.16 | % | |||||
| Core return on average assets (non-GAAP) | 0.92 | % | 0.93 | % | (0.01) | % | |||||
| Return on average equity | 10.36 | % | 9.30 | % | 1.06 | % | |||||
| Core return on average equity (non-GAAP) | 10.45 | % | 11.35 | % | (0.90) | % | |||||
| Return on average tangible equity (non-GAAP) | 12.83 | % | 11.83 | % | 1.00 | % | |||||
| Core return on average tangible equity (non-GAAP) | 12.94 | % | 14.42 | % | (1.48) | % | |||||
| Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 62.36 | % | 61.52 | % | 0.84 | % | |||||
| Balance Sheet and Liquidity | |||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 4,115,259 | $ | 4,098,094 | — | % | |||||
| Deposits | $ | 4,633,167 | $ | 4,597,360 | 1 | % | |||||
| Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.68 | — | % | |||||
| Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits to total deposits | 16.42 | % | 14.56 | % | 1.86 | % | |||||
| Available liquidity sources to uninsured and uncollateralized deposits | 210.61 | % | 201.67 | % | 8.94 | % | |||||
| Credit Quality and Capital | |||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.11 | % | 0.13 | % | (0.02) | % | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.05 | % | 0.12 | % | (0.07) | % | |||||
| Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans | 0.87 | % | 0.90 | % | (0.03) | % | |||||
| Total risk-based capital ratio | 15.11 | % | 14.36 | % | 0.75 | % | |||||
| Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) | 7.64 | % | 7.11 | % | 0.53 | % |
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Net interest income is the interest earned on our lending activities, investment securities and other interest-earning assets, less the interest paid on interest-bearing deposits and borrowings (i.e. our primary business activities). Net interest income, which is our largest source of revenue, accounted for 75%, 81% and 78% of total revenues for the years ended 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net interest income is affected by factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, loan and deposit pricing strategies and competitive conditions, loan prepayment speeds, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the level of non-performing assets.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $133.1 million, a slight decrease of $75,000 from 2023. The decrease consisted of a $23.1 million, or 25%, increase in interest expense, which was partially offset by an increase in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis of $23.3 million, or 10%, between periods.
•The Company’s average cost of funds for the year ended December 31, 2024 was 2.28%, compared to 1.83% for the year ended December 31, 2023, and was the driver for the increase in interest expense year-over-year. The increase in our average funding costs year-over-year reflects the higher short-term interest rate environment, highlighted by an average Federal Fund Effective Interest Rate of 5.14% for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 5.02% for the year ended December 31, 2023. Beginning in September 2024, the Federal Reserve Bank began lowering the Federal Funds Interest Rate. From September 2024 through December 31, 2024, the Federal Funds Rate was decreased by 1.00%, and the Federal Funds Target rate stood at 4.25% to 4.50% at December 31, 2024.
•The increase in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis was also primarily driven by the higher interest rate environment between years. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company’s yield on average interest-earning assets was 4.62%, compared to 4.19% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The average 10-year U.S. Treasury Rate for 2024 was 4.58%, compared to 3.96% for 2023.
Net Interest Margin. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Our net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was 2.46%.
The following table presents, for the periods noted, average balances, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid, as well as net interest income, net interest rate spread and net interest margin:
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| Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | 68,633 | $ | 3,336 | 4.86 | % | $ | 33,676 | $ | 1,851 | 5.50 | % | $ | 52,068 | $ | 514 | 0.99 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | 1,159,910 | 29,722 | 2.56 | % | 1,203,445 | 26,088 | 2.17 | % | 1,329,586 | 24,468 | 1.84 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable(2) | 61,992 | 2,340 | 3.78 | % | 100,614 | 3,706 | 3.68 | % | 111,113 | 3,919 | 3.53 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(3): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 1,699,655 | 89,918 | 5.29 | % | 1,659,078 | 80,182 | 4.83 | % | 1,532,225 | 61,452 | 4.01 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial(2) | 378,257 | 24,378 | 6.44 | % | 398,948 | 23,886 | 5.99 | % | 402,999 | 17,748 | 4.17 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal(2) | 15,859 | 783 | 4.94 | % | 16,702 | 674 | 4.04 | % | 19,305 | 618 | 3.20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,773,149 | 79,199 | 4.47 | % | 1,748,076 | 71,566 | 4.09 | % | 1,511,985 | 52,738 | 3.49 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 262,251 | 20,517 | 7.82 | % | 253,877 | 19,194 | 7.56 | % | 243,901 | 12,268 | 5.03 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | 4,129,171 | 214,795 | 5.20 | % | 4,076,681 | 195,502 | 4.80 | % | 3,710,415 | 144,824 | 3.90 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 5,419,706 | 250,193 | 4.62 | % | 5,414,416 | 227,147 | 4.19 | % | 5,203,182 | 173,725 | 3.34 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 65,990 | 65,396 | 49,744 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 285,137 | 264,479 | 270,111 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: ACL | (35,792) | (36,965) | (34,237) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,735,041 | $ | 5,707,326 | $ | 5,488,800 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 929,443 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 1,020,045 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 1,206,383 | $ | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 1,464,651 | 36,265 | 2.48 | % | 1,614,598 | 37,205 | 2.30 | % | 1,502,896 | 11,569 | 0.77 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings | 657,529 | 4,669 | 0.71 | % | 675,478 | 788 | 0.12 | % | 760,264 | 343 | 0.05 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 766,596 | 25,390 | 3.31 | % | 717,478 | 19,210 | 2.68 | % | 706,934 | 5,341 | 0.76 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 567,182 | 21,559 | 3.80 | % | 453,723 | 12,927 | 2.85 | % | 295,586 | 1,481 | 0.50 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 4,385,401 | 87,883 | 2.00 | % | 4,481,322 | 70,130 | 1.56 | % | 4,472,063 | 18,734 | 0.42 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 152,918 | 7,923 | 5.18 | % | 184,709 | 8,754 | 4.74 | % | 130,455 | 1,571 | 1.20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | 185,299 | 3,210 | 1.73 | % | 191,646 | 2,847 | 1.49 | % | 215,761 | 1,103 | 0.51 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debentures | 44,331 | 2,132 | 4.81 | % | 44,331 | 2,150 | 4.85 | % | 44,331 | 2,140 | 4.83 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 365,989 | 15,956 | 4.36 | % | 246,058 | 10,102 | 4.11 | % | 80,100 | 1,546 | 1.93 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total borrowings | 748,537 | 29,221 | 3.90 | % | 666,744 | 23,853 | 3.58 | % | 470,647 | 6,360 | 1.35 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total funding liabilities | 5,133,938 | 117,104 | 2.28 | % | 5,148,066 | 93,983 | 1.83 | % | 4,942,710 | 25,094 | 0.51 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 89,290 | 92,543 | 78,845 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 511,813 | 466,717 | 467,245 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities & shareholders’ equity | $ | 5,735,041 | $ | 5,707,326 | $ | 5,488,800 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | 133,089 | 133,164 | 148,631 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: fully-taxable equivalent adjustment | (637) | (901) | (937) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 132,452 | $ | 132,263 | $ | 147,694 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.34 | % | 2.36 | % | 2.83 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.46 | % | 2.46 | % | 2.86 | % |
(1) Reported average balances are calculated on a daily basis.
(2) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis calculated using a 21% tax rate, including certain commercial loans.
(3) Non-accrual loans and loans held for sale are included in total average loans.
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The following table presents certain information on a fully-taxable equivalent basis regarding changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes attributable to rate and volume. The (a) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior year's rate), (b) changes in rates (change in rate multiplied by current year's volume), and (c) changes in rate/volume (change in rate multiplied by the change in volume), which is allocated to the change due to rate column.
| For the Year EndedDecember 31, 2024 vs. December 31, 2023 | For the Year EndedDecember 31, 2023 vs. December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Volume | Rate | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | 1,923 | $ | (438) | $ | 1,485 | $ | (145) | $ | 1,482 | $ | 1,337 | |||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | (945) | 4,578 | 3,633 | (2,321) | 3,941 | 1,620 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable | (1,421) | 55 | (1,366) | (371) | 158 | (213) | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 1,960 | 7,776 | 9,736 | 5,138 | 12,916 | 18,054 | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | (1,239) | 1,731 | 492 | (1,065) | 7,234 | 6,169 | |||||||||||||||||
| Municipal | (34) | 143 | 109 | (83) | 139 | 56 | |||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,025 | 6,608 | 7,633 | 8,145 | 11,328 | 19,473 | |||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 633 | 690 | 1,323 | 502 | 6,424 | 6,926 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 1,902 | 21,143 | 23,045 | 9,800 | 43,622 | 53,422 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | (3,449) | 2,509 | (940) | 860 | 24,776 | 25,636 | |||||||||||||||||
| Savings | (22) | 3,903 | 3,881 | (42) | 487 | 445 | |||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 1,316 | 4,864 | 6,180 | 80 | 13,789 | 13,869 | |||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 3,234 | 5,398 | 8,632 | 791 | 10,655 | 11,446 | |||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | (1,507) | 676 | (831) | 651 | 6,532 | 7,183 | |||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | (95) | 458 | 363 | (123) | 1,867 | 1,744 | |||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debentures | — | (18) | (18) | — | 10 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 4,929 | 925 | 5,854 | 3,203 | 5,353 | 8,556 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 4,406 | 18,715 | 23,121 | 5,420 | 63,469 | 68,889 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | $ | (2,504) | $ | 2,428 | $ | (76) | $ | 4,380 | $ | (19,847) | $ | (15,467) |
Net interest income included the following for the periods indicated:
| Income Statement Location | For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Interest income from residential real estate derivatives | Interest income | $ | 5,457 | $ | 4,682 | $ | — | ||||||
| Loan fees | Interest income | 587 | 340 | 261 | |||||||||
| Net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting | Interest income and Interest expense | 107 | 145 | 281 | |||||||||
| Recoveries on previously charged-off acquired loans | Interest income | 488 | 88 | 217 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 6,639 | $ | 5,255 | $ | 759 |
The Company's consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements presented within have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of the financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars and, in some cases, current fair values without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and virtually all of
46
our liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the general level of inflation. Over short periods of time, interest rates and the yield curve may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as inflation.
(Credit) Provision for Credit Losses
The (credit) provision for credit losses was made up of the following components for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2024 to 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Provision for loan losses | $ | 53 | $ | 1,174 | $ | 4,430 | $ | (1,121) | (95) | % | |||||||||
| Provision (credit) for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 453 | (912) | 70 | 1,365 | N.M. | ||||||||||||||
| (Credit) provision for credit losses - HTM debt securities | (910) | 1,838 | — | (2,748) | N.M. | ||||||||||||||
| (Credit) provision for credit losses | $ | (404) | $ | 2,100 | $ | 4,500 | $ | (2,504) | (119) | % |
Provision for loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2024, a provision for loan losses of $53,000 was recorded and was primarily driven by improvement within our macroeconomic forecast for 2024 and lower loan growth of $17.2 million during 2024, compared to $87.7 million of loan growth for 2023. Asset quality continued be strong through 2024, as highlighted by non-accruals of 0.12% of total loans and net charge-offs of 0.03% of average loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 0.13% and 0.03%, respectively, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company’s asset quality remained strong at December 31, 2024 and 2023. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality” for further details.
Provision for credit losses on off-balance credit exposures. At December 31, 2024, the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $2.8 million, as compared to $2.4 million as of December 31, 2023. The increase was driven by the increase in unfunded credit lines of $37.0 million and the increase in the residential and commercial pipelines of $19.4 million between periods.
Provision for HTM debt securities: In the first quarter of 2023, the Company fully wrote-off a $1.8 million Signature Bank corporate bond due to Signature Bank’s failure. In the first quarter of 2024, the Company sold its Signature Bank corporate bond and recovered proceeds of $910,000.There was no additional provision expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
47
Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest income for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2024 to 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
| Debit card income | $ | 12,657 | $ | 12,613 | $ | 13,340 | $ | 44 | — | % | |||||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 8,444 | 7,839 | 7,587 | 605 | 8 | % | |||||||||||||
| Income from fiduciary services | 7,270 | 6,669 | 6,407 | 601 | 9 | % | |||||||||||||
| Mortgage banking income, net | 3,230 | 2,921 | 4,221 | 309 | 11 | % | |||||||||||||
| Brokerage and insurance commissions | 5,535 | 4,650 | 4,147 | 885 | 19 | % | |||||||||||||
| Bank-owned life insurance | 2,806 | 2,349 | 1,901 | 457 | 19 | % | |||||||||||||
| Net loss on sale of securities | — | (10,310) | (912) | 10,310 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 4,597 | 4,303 | 4,011 | 294 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total non-interest income | $ | 44,539 | $ | 31,034 | $ | 40,702 | $ | 13,505 | 44 | % | |||||||||
| Non-interest income as a percentage of total revenues(1) | 25 | % | 19 | % | 22 | % |
(1) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Debit card income represents the interchange fees earned from debit card transactions of our business and consumer checking account customers, and the annual incentive bonus received from our network provider.
Service charges on deposit accounts represents the fees earned from providing various services to deposit customers, including overdraft, normal fees for servicing deposit accounts, and cash management fees for business customers. The increase in 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily driven by: (1) an increase in cash management fees of $399,000 as commercial deposit customers opted to pay services fees and waive any service fee credit as short-term interest rates increased, and (2) overdraft fee income increased $255,000 to $5.7 million for the year ended 2024.
Income from fiduciary services represents the fees earned for investment advisory and trust services provided by Camden National Wealth Management. The fees earned are primarily a percentage of our clients' assets under management. Assets under management increased 10% during 2024 to $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2024.
Mortgage banking income, net is generated through the sale of residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors and also includes income recognized upon the sale of residential mortgages in which we maintain the servicing rights creating a mortgage servicing asset, net of related amortization of the capitalized mortgage servicing asset. Our practice has been to sell the servicing rights for residential mortgages originated, except for certain third party relationships that require the Company to service the loan.
The increase in mortgage banking income, net for the year ended 2024 compared to 2023, was driven by the increase in net gains recognized on residential mortgage loan sales. In 2024, we sold 56% of our residential mortgage production, compared to 48% in 2023.
Brokerage and insurance commissions represent the fees earned for brokerage services, investment advisory and insurance services provided by the Bank, doing business as Camden Financial Consultants. Assets under administration grew 15% during 2024 to $913.3 million as of December 31, 2024.
Bank-owned life insurance represents the change in cash surrender value of the Company's various BOLI policies in place for certain current and former officers of the Company and Bank. The change in cash surrender value reflects the performance of the underlying investments of the policies.
Net loss on sale of securities represents the realized (loss) gain upon sale of our debt investments. In 2023, we executed investment sales that resulted in pre-tax losses of $10.3 million. The trades were completed to reposition a portion of our balance sheet. We reinvested $126.8 million of cash proceeds from the investment sales and expect these trades will optimize our balance sheet and improve future earnings and profitability. We did not execute on any similar investment trades during 2024. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
48
Other Income includes third party merchant and credit card commissions, customer loan swap fees and other miscellaneous fees and net gains on equity securities.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2024 to 2023 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | $ | % | |||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 64,073 | $ | 60,009 | $ | 62,019 | $ | 4,064 | 7 | % | ||||||
| Furniture, equipment and data processing | 14,364 | 13,377 | 13,043 | 987 | 7 | % | ||||||||||
| Net occupancy costs | 7,912 | 7,674 | 7,578 | 238 | 3 | % | ||||||||||
| Debit card expense | 5,287 | 5,126 | 4,602 | 161 | 3 | % | ||||||||||
| Consulting and professional fees | 3,583 | 4,520 | 4,073 | (937) | (21) | % | ||||||||||
| Regulatory assessments | 3,258 | 3,413 | 2,338 | (155) | (5) | % | ||||||||||
| Merger and acquisition costs | 1,159 | — | — | 1,159 | — | % | ||||||||||
| Amortization of core deposit intangible assets | 556 | 592 | 625 | (36) | (6) | % | ||||||||||
| OREO and collection costs (recoveries), net | 201 | 42 | 29 | 159 | 379 | % | ||||||||||
| Other expenses | 11,543 | 12,608 | 12,542 | (1,065) | (8) | % | ||||||||||
| Total non-interest expense | $ | 111,936 | $ | 107,361 | $ | 106,849 | $ | 4,575 | 4 | % | ||||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues | 63.24 | % | 65.75 | % | 56.72 | % | ||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 62.36 | % | 61.52 | % | 56.16 | % |
Salaries and employee benefits includes employee wages, commissions, incentives, equity compensation, employer-related taxes, insurance benefits, and other certain employee-related costs, net of direct employee-related costs incurred for loan originations. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023 was primarily driven by an increase in performance-based incentives of $3.5 million between periods. The operating environment in 2023 included the Federal Reserve increasing the Federal Funds Interest Rate by 1.00% to a target range of 5.25% to 5.50% at December 31, 2023, as well as the well-publicized failure of three banks in the U.S., one of which resulted in the Company writing-off a $1.8 million Signature Bank bond during 2023 (refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statement for further details). In comparison, the Federal Reserve lowered the Federal Funds Interest rate by 1.00% during the second half of 2024 to a target range of 4.25% to 4.50% at December 31, 2024.
Furniture, equipment and data processing includes depreciation expense of capitalized furniture, equipment and data-related costs, and ongoing system and other data processing costs, including outsourced solutions. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023 was driven by the Company’s continued investments in customer-facing technology platforms, which during 2024 included investment in an enhanced wealth management platform and continued investments in our online banking platform and mobile app, internal systems and production platforms to drive increased productivity and efficiencies, and updates to various information security and resiliency-related systems and enhancements.
Net occupancy costs include building and property costs associated with the operation of our branches, loan production offices and service centers, including, but not limited to, rent, depreciation, maintenance and related taxes, net of rental income earned from the lease of office space.
Consulting and professional fees include third party consulting services and other professional fees, such as audit and tax services, legal services, and Company and Bank director fees. During 2023, we incurred legal, consulting and director fees associated with the succession and transition of the Company and Bank’s President and CEO, which was the driver of elevated consulting and professional costs for 2023 in comparison to 2024.
Debit card expense is the cost incurred for the generation of debit card income, including third party switch network provider fees and related data transmission costs, and plastic card costs for the generation of debit cards for checking account customers. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023 was driven by rising vendor costs, including fraud detection and prevention costs. Many of the costs associated with debit card expense are fixed per unit regardless of the activity that generates income, and, thus, an increase or decrease in debit card income may not necessarily directly correlate with the change in debit card expense year-over-year.
49
Regulatory assessments are the costs incurred and paid to various regulatory agencies, including the FDIC and OCC. Regulatory assessment fees are based on a number of factors, including but not limited to, asset growth, regulator risk assessment and positive or negative trends specific to the financial institution.
Merger and acquisition costs are the acquisition costs, including legal, investment banker, consulting and other related costs, incurred through December 31, 2024 associated with our acquisition of Northway Financial on January 2, 2025. Of the merger and acquisition costs incurred through December 31, 2024, all but $56,000 of the costs were estimated to be non-deductible for federal income tax purposes. We anticipate incurring additional merger-related costs during 2025, with the majority of costs expected to be incurred during the first half of 2025.
The following table summarizes Merger-related costs incurred through December 31, 2024:
| (Dollars in thousands) | Merger and Acquisition Costs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Legal fees | $ | 695 | |
| Consulting | 190 | ||
| Investment banker | 156 | ||
| Travel | 54 | ||
| Other | 64 | ||
| Total | $ | 1,159 |
OREO and collection costs, net include the costs associated with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts for the Company's loans. Should asset quality metrics deteriorate in 2025, the costs associated with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts likely would increase.
Amortization of core deposit intangible assets represents the amortization expense on core deposit intangible assets. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets,” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further details. We anticipate the creation of additional core deposit intangible assets associated with the acquisition of Northway Financial on January 2, 2025. These core deposit intangible assets are definite-lived intangible assets and will be amortized over their estimated useful life.
Other expenses include employee-related costs, such as certain SERP and other postretirement benefits expenses; hiring, training, education, meeting and business travel costs; donations and marketing costs; postage, freight and courier costs; and other expenses. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was driven by external recruiting costs associated with the CEO succession and transition that was effective on January 1, 2024.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $12.5 million and $10.5 million, respectively, and resulted in an effective income tax rate of 19.0% for 2024 and 19.4% for 2023, respectively. The Company's effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 of 19.0% was lower than our marginal tax rate of 22.8%, which includes our 21.0% federal income tax rate and a 1.8% blended state income tax rate, net of federal tax benefit. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023, was primarily due to an increase in tax credit investments, partially offset by nondeductible merger and acquisition costs and an increase in income before income tax expense of $11.6 million, or 21.6%, compared to 2023,
The Company's deferred tax assets were $40.0 million and $42.2 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The decrease in deferred tax assets during 2024 was primarily driven by the decrease in unrealized losses on the AFS investments portfolio, including the remaining losses from the investments transferred from AFS to HTM in June 2022. While not anticipated as of December 31, 2024, should the Company realize a loss on these investments, the loss would be characterized as an ordinary loss for income tax purposes and not as a capital loss, and thus would not carry restrictions on use of any such loss. We continuously monitor and assess the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, and we determined that no valuation allowance was necessary as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
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Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments,” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of investments.
Refer to Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of income taxes and related deferred tax assets and liabilities.
2023 Operating Results as Compared to 2022 Operating Results
Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 can be found in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Company’s 2023 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Total cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2024 were $215.0 million, compared to $99.8 million at December 31, 2023. The elevated cash balances at December 31, 2024 were temporary due to anticipated cash usage in the first quarter of 2025 associated with normal seasonal deposit outflows, an expected deposit outflow of $61.8 million by one large deposit customer that temporarily deposited funds with the Bank in fourth quarter of 2024, and the payoff of $45.0 million of Northway’s FHLBB advances to optimize our balance sheet upon the Company’s completion of the acquisition of Northway on January 2, 2025.
Included within the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balances at December 31, 2024 and 2023, was cash held in escrow by the FHLBB as collateral posted by the counterparties for our derivatives in a net asset position at each reporting date totaling $13.2 million and $15.4 million, respectively. We and the counterparty manage these cash accounts daily. Refer to Notes 12 and 13 of the consolidated financial statements for additional detail on the Company’s derivatives and collateral.
Investments
The Company utilizes the investment portfolio to manage liquidity, interest rate risk, and regulatory capital, as well as to take advantage of market conditions to generate returns without undue risk. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s investment portfolio generally consisted of MBS, CMO, municipal and corporate debt securities, FHLBB and FRB common stock, and mutual funds held in a rabbi trust for purposes of Company executive and director nonqualified retirement plans. We designate our debt securities as AFS or HTM based on our intent and investment strategy and they are carried at fair value and amortized cost, respectively. Our FHLBB and FRB common stock is carried at cost, and our mutual fund investments are carried at fair value. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, total investments were 20% and 21%, respectively, of total assets.
In 2022, we transferred securities from AFS to HTM to help manage our capital position in a rising interest rate environment. The securities were reclassified at fair value at the time of the transfer, which was a non-cash transaction. At December 31, 2024, the net unrealized losses on the transferred securities reported within AOCI were $41.8 million, net of a deferred tax asset of $11.4 million, and the weighted-average life on these securities was 7.9 years. At December 31, 2023, the net unrealized losses on the transferred securities reported within AOCI were $46.9 million, net of a deferred tax asset of $12.8 million and the weighted-average of these securities was 8.5 years.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company's investments portfolio totaled $1.1 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, representing a decrease of $51.5 million, or 4%, for the year ended December 31, 2024. Given the interest rate environment, our primary strategy throughout 2024 was to redeploy normal investment cash flows from pay downs, calls and maturities to fund loan growth and optimize funding costs. The primary components for the net change in total investments for the year ended 2024 were:
•Pay downs, calls and maturities of $122.2 million;
•Purchases of $60.4 million of debt securities during 2024;
•Net amortization and accretion of $4.7 million; and
•The change in the fair value of the Company’s AFS debt securities of $4.7 million.
Our AFS debt securities portfolio, which comprised 52% and 53% of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, was carried at fair value using level 2 valuation techniques. Refer to Notes 1 and 21 of the consolidated financial statements for further details on the Company's fair value techniques.
The AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio has limited credit risk due to its composition, which includes securities backed by the U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies, and corporate and municipal bonds that are highly rated by nationally recognized rating agencies. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the book value of U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies represented approximately 91% of the AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio. The book value of corporate and municipal bonds carrying a credit rating of “AA” or higher at December 31, 2024 and 2023 and was 5% and 4% of the AFS and HTM debt securities, respectively.
Our other investments on the consolidated statements of condition consist of FHLBB and FRB common stock. These investments are carried at cost. We are required to maintain a certain level of investment in FHLBB stock based on our level of FHLBB advances, and maintain a certain level of investment in FRB common stock based on the Bank's capital levels. As of
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December 31, 2024 and 2023, our investment in FHLBB stock totaled $17.1 million and $10.0 million, respectively, and our investment in FRB stock was $5.4 million at each date.
Our investments in mutual funds are designated as trading securities and carried at fair value. These investments are held within a rabbi trust and will be used for future payments associated with the Company’s Executive and Director Deferred Compensation Plan. These investments are carried at fair value using level 1 valuation techniques.
The following table sets forth the carrying value of the Company’s investments portfolio along with the percentage distribution as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | ||||||||||
| Trading Securities (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds | $ | 5,243 | — | % | $ | 4,647 | — | % | ||||||
| Total trading securities | 5,243 | — | % | 4,647 | — | % | ||||||||
| AFS Debt Investments (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 5,289 | — | % | 6,386 | — | % | ||||||||
| MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 424,956 | 37 | % | 460,091 | 39 | % | ||||||||
| CMO issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 147,479 | 13 | % | 141,011 | 12 | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 16,025 | 1 | % | 18,320 | 2 | % | ||||||||
| Total AFS debt investments | 593,749 | 51 | % | 625,808 | 53 | % | ||||||||
| HTM Debt Investments (carried at amortized cost): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 7,729 | 1 | % | 7,593 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 56,047 | 5 | % | 56,262 | 5 | % | ||||||||
| MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 292,170 | 26 | % | 304,850 | 26 | % | ||||||||
| CMO issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 142,467 | 13 | % | 157,118 | 13 | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 19,365 | 2 | % | 19,108 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total HTM debt investments | 517,778 | 47 | % | 544,931 | 46 | % | ||||||||
| Other Investments (carried at cost): | ||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock | 17,140 | 2 | % | 10,020 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| FRB stock | 5,374 | — | % | 5,374 | — | % | ||||||||
| Total other investments | 22,514 | 2 | % | 15,394 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,139,284 | 100 | % | $ | 1,190,780 | 100 | % |
We continuously monitor and evaluate our investment securities portfolio to identify and assess risks within our portfolio, including, but not limited to, the impact of the current rate environment and the related prepayment risk, and credit ratings. The overall mix of debt securities at December 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023 remains relatively unchanged and well positioned to provide a stable source of cash flow. The duration of our debt investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2024 was 5.2 years, compared to 5.7 years at December 31, 2023. The weighted average life of our debt securities portfolio at December 31, 2024 was 7.0 years, compared to 7.8 years at December 31, 2023.
The Company’s AFS debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position are assessed to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required in accordance with ASU 2016-13. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, we did not record any allowances or write-down any of our AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position. Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for AFS investments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
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We assess our HTM debt securities each reporting period to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required. In the first quarter of 2023, we wrote-off a $1.8 million corporate bond issued by Signature Bank due to Signature Bank's failure through provision expense on the consolidated statements of income. This corporate bond was designated as HTM and previously carried no ACL. In January 2024, we sold the Signature Bank security and recovered $910,000. We completed a review of our HTM investment portfolio as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and concluded that no ACL was warranted on any bonds at this time. Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for HTM investments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The fair value and book value of the Company's corporate bonds and municipal securities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:
| December 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | # of Securities | Fair Value | Book Value | Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) | # of Securities | Fair Value | Book Value | Net Unrealized Loss | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal bonds | 54 | $ | 59,560 | $ | 61,469 | $ | (1,909) | 55 | $ | 63,159 | $ | 62,691 | $ | 468 | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 18 | 35,436 | 37,048 | (1,612) | 20 | 37,714 | 40,790 | (3,076) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 72 | $ | 94,996 | $ | 98,517 | $ | (3,521) | 75 | $ | 100,873 | $ | 103,481 | $ | (2,608) |
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, municipal bonds were 5% of the book value of the total bond portfolio. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, all municipal bonds carried an investment-grade credit rating.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, corporate bonds were 3% of the book value of the total bond portfolio. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, corporate bonds with a book value of $25.9 million and $31.2 million, or 70% and 77% of the corporate bond portfolio, carried an investment-grade credit rating. The remaining $11.2 million and $9.6 million of book value, or 30% and 23% of the corporate bond portfolio, were non-rated corporate bonds of community banks within our markets. As of December 31, 2024, the corporate bond portfolio was made up of 18 different companies, which included 16 different banks. The banks in the portfolio range from the largest U.S. banks to community banks, with 35% of our exposure as of December 31, 2024, being to global systemically important banks, or "G-SIBs." A limited number of our rated corporate bonds were downgraded in 2023 as a result of stress in the banking system, although all remain investment-grade as of December 31, 2024. We continue to monitor and analyze the performance of our corporate bond portfolio.
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The following table presents the book value and fully-taxable equivalent weighted-average yields of debt investments by contractual maturity and the carrying value of other investments, for the periods indicated. Actual maturities of debt investments may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay.
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 – 5 years | Due in 5 – 10 years | Due in over 10 years | Amortized Cost | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,729 | $ | — | $ | 7,729 | $ | 7,593 | |||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 116 | 2,929 | 17,426 | 40,999 | 61,470 | 62,691 | |||||||||||||||||
| MBS issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | — | 56,056 | 100,705 | 629,175 | 785,936 | 830,289 | |||||||||||||||||
| CMO issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | — | 23,758 | 31,150 | 243,690 | 298,598 | 306,505 | |||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | — | 13,011 | 24,037 | — | 37,048 | 40,790 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt investments | $ | 116 | $ | 95,754 | $ | 181,047 | $ | 913,864 | $ | 1,190,781 | $ | 1,247,868 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average yield on debt securities(1) | 3.72 | % | 3.40 | % | 3.95 | % | 2.80 | % | 3.03 | % | 2.98 | % | |||||||||||
| Other investments(2): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds (fair value) | $ | 5,243 | $ | 4,647 | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock (cost) | 17,140 | 10,020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FRB stock (cost) | 5,374 | 5,374 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other investments | $ | 27,757 | $ | 20,041 |
(1) Weighted average is calculated by dividing the book value by the book value times tax yield.
(2) There is no scheduled maturity date.
Loans
The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio at the dates indicated, as well as the change during 2024:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 1,387,252 | 34 | % | $ | 1,370,446 | 33 | % | $ | 16,806 | 1 | % | |||||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 324,712 | 8 | % | 301,860 | 7 | % | 22,852 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||
| Commercial | 382,785 | 9 | % | 403,901 | 10 | % | (21,116) | (5) | % | ||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,752,249 | 43 | % | 1,763,378 | 43 | % | (11,129) | (1) | % | ||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 268,261 | 6 | % | 258,509 | 7 | % | 9,752 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 4,115,259 | 100 | % | $ | 4,098,094 | 100 | % | $ | 17,165 | — | % | |||||||||
| Loan portfolio mix: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | $ | 2,094,749 | 51 | % | $ | 2,076,207 | 51 | % | $ | 18,542 | 1 | % | |||||||||
| Retail | $ | 2,020,510 | 49 | % | $ | 2,021,887 | 49 | % | $ | (1,377) | — | % |
Refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details on our loan segmentation and risks as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
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At December 31, 2024 and 2023, 36% and 35% of the consumer loan portfolio was unsecured, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, 55% and 53% of the home equity portfolio was secured by a junior lien position, respectively.
Portfolio Concentrations
The Company provides loans primarily to customers located within our geographic market area. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, our primary markets continued to be in Maine, making up 68% of our loan portfolio. Massachusetts and New Hampshire were our second and third largest markets, making up 16% and 11%, respectively, of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2024, compared to 16% and 10%, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2024, our distribution channels included 56 branches within Maine, two locations in New Hampshire, including a branch in Portsmouth and a commercial loan production office in Manchester, and an online residential mortgage and small business digital loan platform. On January 2, 2025, we completed our acquisition of Northway, which included Northway Bank and its 17 branches across New Hampshire. Northway Bank’s primary lending area is within New Hampshire.
At December 31, 2024, the lessors of residential buildings industry (lessors of buildings used as residences, such as single-family homes, apartments and town houses) and the non-residential building operators' industry (operators of commercial and industrial buildings, retail establishments, theaters, banks and insurance buildings) concentrations were 32% and 31%, respectively, of our total commercial real estate portfolio and both were 13% of total loans. At December 31, 2023, the non-residential building operators’ industry and lessors of residential building industry concentrations were 33% and 28%, respectively, of total commercial real estate portfolio and 13% and 11% of total loans. At December 31, 2024, there were no other industry concentrations within our loan portfolio that exceeded 10% of total loans.
The table below summarizes the industry concentrations of the commercial loan portfolio at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Commercial Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Commercial Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Real estate investment(1) | $ | 1,056,180 | 50 | % | $ | 1,057,148 | 51 | % | $ | (968) | — | % | |||||||||
| Lodging | 220,943 | 11 | % | 229,017 | 11 | % | (8,074) | (4) | % | ||||||||||||
| Retail trade | 141,157 | 7 | % | 116,623 | 6 | % | 24,534 | 21 | % | ||||||||||||
| Health care | 104,865 | 5 | % | 95,801 | 5 | % | 9,064 | 9 | % | ||||||||||||
| Construction | 74,075 | 4 | % | 73,936 | 4 | % | 139 | — | % | ||||||||||||
| Wholesale trade | 66,086 | 3 | % | 67,512 | 3 | % | (1,426) | (2) | % | ||||||||||||
| Finance and insurance | 62,005 | 3 | % | 66,038 | 3 | % | (4,033) | (6) | % | ||||||||||||
| Manufacturing | 60,671 | 3 | % | 74,089 | 4 | % | (13,418) | (18) | % | ||||||||||||
| Other (each 3%) | 308,767 | 14 | % | 296,043 | 13 | % | 12,724 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,094,749 | 100 | % | $ | 2,076,207 | 100 | % | $ | 18,542 | 1 | % | |||||||||
| Commercial loan portfolio mix: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 1,387,252 | 66 | % | $ | 1,370,446 | 66 | % | 16,806 | 1 | % | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 324,712 | 16 | % | 301,860 | 15 | % | 22,852 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||
| Commercial | 382,785 | 18 | % | 403,901 | 19 | % | (21,116) | (5) | % | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,094,749 | 100 | % | $ | 2,076,207 | 100 | % | $ | 18,542 | 1 | % |
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(1) The following table summarizes the real estate investment loan portfolio, by property type as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Real Estate Investment Portfolio | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Real Estate Investment Portfolio | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Multi-family (5+ units)(a) | $ | 325,050 | 31 | % | 8 | % | $ | 308,882 | 29 | % | 8 | % | $ | 16,168 | 5 | % | |||||||||||
| Industrial | 169,763 | 16 | % | 4 | % | 164,021 | 16 | % | 4 | % | 5,742 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Office(b) | 166,189 | 16 | % | 4 | % | 169,904 | 16 | % | 4 | % | (3,715) | (2) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Retail | 157,483 | 15 | % | 4 | % | 167,865 | 16 | % | 4 | % | (10,382) | (6) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Multi-family (1-4 units)(c) | 122,474 | 12 | % | 3 | % | 118,465 | 11 | % | 3 | % | 4,009 | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Other(d) | 115,221 | 10 | % | 3 | % | 128,011 | 12 | % | 3 | % | (12,790) | (10) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,056,180 | 100 | % | 26 | % | $ | 1,057,148 | 100 | % | 26 | % | $ | (968) | — | % |
(a) Multi-family (5+ units) loans are primarily located in non-urban locations, including 68% in Maine, 23% in New Hampshire, and 7% in Massachusetts at December 31, 2024.
(b) Office loans are nearly all located in non-urban locations, including 52% in Maine, 26% in New Hampshire, and 23% in Massachusetts at December 31, 2024.
(c) Represents multi-family (1-4 units) that are used for commercial purposes.
(d) Other includes multiple property types that individually are less than 5% of the real estate investment portfolio and individually are 1% or less of the total loan portfolio.
Related Party Transactions
The Bank is permitted, in its normal course of business, to make loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank under terms that are consistent with the Bank’s lending policies and regulatory requirements. In addition to extending loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank on terms consistent with the Bank’s lending policies, federal banking regulations also require training, audit and examination of the adherence to this policy (also known as “Regulation O” requirements). Note 3 and Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements provide information on related party lending and deposit transactions, respectively. We have not entered into significant related party transactions.
Asset Quality
Asset quality is of the upmost importance to the Company, and continues to be of great focus given current market conditions. Our practice is to manage the Company's loan portfolio proactively so that we are able to effectively identify problem credits and trends early, assess and implement effective work-out strategies, and take charge-offs as promptly as practical. In addition, the Company continuously reassesses its underwriting standards in response to credit risk posed by changes in economic conditions. The Company continues to dedicate significant resources to monitor and manage credit risk throughout our loan portfolio and includes management and board-level oversight as follows:
•The Credit Risk team, Collection and Special Assets team and the Credit Risk Policy Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Collections and Special Assets, Risk, and Commercial and Retail Banking, oversee the Company's systems and procedures to monitor the credit quality of its loan portfolio, conduct a loan review program, and maintain the integrity of the loan rating system.
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•The adequacy of the ACL is overseen by the Management Provision Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various Company executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Collections and Special Assets, Compliance, and Commercial and Retail Banking. The Management Provision Committee supports the oversight efforts of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
•The Directors' Credit Committee of the Board of Directors reviews large credit exposures, monitors external loan review reports, reviews the lending authority for individual loan officers when required, and has approval authority and responsibility for all matters regarding the loan policy and other credit-related policies, including reviewing and monitoring asset quality trends, and concentration levels.
•The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has approval authority and oversight responsibility for the ACL adequacy and methodology.
Non-Performing Assets. Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, and property acquired through foreclosure or repossession. The following table sets forth the composition and amount of our non-performing loans as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Non-accrual loans: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 129 | $ | 262 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 430 | 124 | |||||
| Commercial | 1,927 | 1,725 | |||||
| Residential real estate | 1,891 | 2,539 | |||||
| Consumer and home equity | 452 | 798 | |||||
| Total non-accrual loans | 4,829 | 5,448 | |||||
| Accruing loans past due 90 days | — | — | |||||
| Total non-performing loans | 4,829 | 5,448 | |||||
| Other real estate owned | — | — | |||||
| Total non-performing assets | $ | 4,829 | $ | 5,448 | |||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 4,115,259 | $ | 4,098,094 | |||
| Total assets | $ | 5,805,138 | $ | 5,714,506 | |||
| ACL on loans | $ | 35,728 | $ | 36,935 | |||
| ACL on loans to non-accrual loans | 739.86 | % | 677.96 | % | |||
| Non-accrual loans to total loans | 0.12 | % | 0.13 | % | |||
| Non-performing loans to total loans | 0.12 | % | 0.13 | % | |||
| Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.08 | % | 0.10 | % |
Generally, a loan is classified as non-accrual when interest and/or principal payments are 90 days past due or when management believes collecting all principal and interest owed is in doubt. All previously accrued but unpaid interest on non-accrual loans is reversed from interest income in the current period. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans are applied as a reduction of principal. A loan remains on non-accrual status until all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, all future principal and interest payments are reasonably assured, and a consistent repayment record, generally six consecutive payments, has been demonstrated. At that time, we may reclassify the loan to performing.
The following table highlights the interest income that would have been recognized if loans on non-accrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms (i.e., “foregone interest income”) for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| Foregone interest income | $ | 190 | $ | 131 | $ | 145 |
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Potential Problem Loans. Potential problem loans consist of classified accruing commercial and commercial real estate loans that were 30-89 days past due. Such loans are characterized by weaknesses in the financial condition of our borrowers or collateral deficiencies. Based on historical experience, the credit quality of some of these loans may improve due to the financial condition of the borrowers or changes in collateral values, while the credit quality of other loans may deteriorate, resulting in some amount of loss. These loans are not included in the above analysis of non-accrual loans. At December 31, 2024, potential problem loans totaled $96,000.
Past Due Loans. Past due loans consist of accruing loans that were 30-89 days past due. The following table presents the recorded investment of past due loans at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 59 | $ | 84 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 630 | 656 | |||||
| Commercial | 393 | 2,007 | |||||
| Residential real estate | 558 | 1,290 | |||||
| Consumer and home equity | 621 | 922 | |||||
| Total loans 30-89 days past due | $ | 2,261 | $ | 4,959 | |||
| Total loans | $ | 4,115,259 | $ | 4,098,094 | |||
| Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.05 | % | 0.12 | % |
ACL. The following table sets forth information concerning the components of our ACL for the periods indicated:
| At or For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, beginning of period | $ | 36,935 | $ | 36,922 | $ | 33,256 | |||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses | 53 | 1,174 | 4,430 | ||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)(1): | |||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | (10) | 39 | (5) | ||||||||
| Commercial | 1,329 | 1,089 | 663 | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | (26) | (26) | 66 | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | (33) | 59 | 40 | ||||||||
| Total net charge-offs | 1,260 | 1,161 | 764 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, end of the period | $ | 35,728 | $ | 36,935 | $ | 36,922 | |||||
| Components of ACL: | |||||||||||
| ACL on loans | $ | 35,728 | $ | 36,935 | $ | 36,922 | |||||
| ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 2,805 | 2,353 | 3,265 | ||||||||
| ACL, end of period | $ | 38,533 | $ | 39,288 | $ | 40,187 | |||||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 4,115,259 | $ | 4,098,094 | $ | 4,010,353 | |||||
| Average loans | $ | 4,129,171 | $ | 4,076,681 | $ | 3,710,415 | |||||
| Net charge-offs to average loans | 0.03 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.02 | % | |||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses to average loans | — | % | 0.03 | % | 0.12 | % | |||||
| ACL on loans to total loans | 0.87 | % | 0.90 | % | 0.92 | % |
(1) Additional information related to (credit) provision for loan losses and net (charge-offs) recoveries is presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
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| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Total Charge-offs | Total Recoveries | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans | Ratio of Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| 2024: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | — | $ | 10 | $ | (10) | $ | 1,699,655 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,784 | 455 | 1,329 | 394,116 | 0.34 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | — | 44 | 26 | (26) | 1,773,149 | — | % | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 99 | 132 | (33) | 262,251 | (0.01) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,883 | $ | 623 | $ | 1,260 | $ | 4,129,171 | 0.03 | % | |||||||||||
| 2023: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 58 | $ | 19 | $ | 39 | $ | 1,659,078 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,560 | 471 | 1,089 | 415,650 | 0.26 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 18 | 44 | 44 | (26) | 1,748,076 | — | % | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 91 | 32 | 59 | 253,877 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,727 | $ | 566 | $ | 1,161 | $ | 4,076,681 | 0.03 | % | |||||||||||
| 2022: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | — | $ | 5 | $ | (5) | $ | 1,532,225 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,042 | 379 | 663 | 422,304 | 0.16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 66 | — | 66 | 1,511,985 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 134 | 94 | 40 | 243,901 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,242 | $ | 478 | $ | 764 | $ | 3,710,415 | 0.02 | % |
The following table sets forth information concerning the allocation of the ACL on loans by loan categories at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 14,897 | 34 | % | $ | 16,581 | 33 | % | ||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 2,481 | 8 | % | 2,290 | 7 | % | ||||||||
| Commercial | 5,856 | 9 | % | 4,869 | 10 | % | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | 9,979 | 43 | % | 10,254 | 43 | % | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 2,515 | 6 | % | 2,941 | 7 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 35,728 | 100 | % | $ | 36,935 | 100 | % |
Refer to “—Critical Accounting Estimates” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of our CECL model macroeconomic factors (i.e. loss drivers), and refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion of the risk characteristics for each portfolio segment considered when evaluating the ACL, as well as factors driving the change in the ACL on loans at December 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023.
Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets
Upon completion of an acquisition the Company will likely generate goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill represents the price paid in excess of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Through the acquisition of other financial institutions, core deposit intangible assets are recognized at the estimated fair value of the acquired non-maturity deposit customer relationships. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment as of November 30th annually, or more frequently as determined by management, and core deposit intangible assets are reviewed when a triggering event suggests such a review necessary.
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At December 31, 2024 and 2023, goodwill totaled $94.7 million. Through our annual impairment analysis performed as of November 30, 2024 and 2023, we determined goodwill was not impaired. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Estimates” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of the testing performed.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, core deposit intangible assets totaled $415,000 and $971,000, respectively, and related amortization was $556,000, $592,000, and $625,000 for the years ended 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were no indications of potential risk of impairment of core deposit intangible assets for any of the aforementioned years.
On January 2, 2025, the Company completed its previously announced acquisition of Northway and has not yet completed the purchase accounting due to the timing of the Merger, and it continues to evaluate the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Accordingly, the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired, including goodwill and other intangible assets, is not yet available. Refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements.
Investment in BOLI
BOLI is presented in the consolidated statements of condition at its cash surrender value. Increases in BOLI’s cash surrender value are reported as a component of non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
BOLI was $104.3 million and $101.5 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase year-over-year reflects the increase in the cash surrender value. BOLI provides a means to mitigate increasing employee benefit costs. We expect to benefit from the BOLI contracts as a result of the tax-free growth in cash surrender value and death benefits that are expected to be generated over time. The largest risk to the BOLI program is credit risk of the insurance carriers. At December 31, 2024, we had one stable value account (that is subject to a wrapper) and that totals 9% of the BOLI portfolio, while the remaining amounts of the BOLI portfolio are in general accounts. To mitigate risk, annual financial condition reviews are completed on all carriers and we impose internal policy limits so that no one carrier exceed 10% of Tier 1 capital plus the allowable ACL (as defined for regulatory purposes). BOLI is invested in the “general account” of quality insurance companies or in separate account products, 94% of our balances are with insurance carriers that had an A.M. Best rating of “A” or better at December 31, 2024.
Deposits
The Company receives checking, savings and time deposits primarily from customers located within our markets. Other forms of deposits include brokered deposits and deposits with the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry System (“CDARS”). The table below details the Company’s deposits, and change between periods, as of each date indicated:
| December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | $ | % | |||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 925,571 | $ | 967,750 | $ | (42,179) | (4) | % | |||||||
| Interest checking | 1,483,589 | 1,553,787 | (70,198) | (5) | % | ||||||||||
| Savings | 751,159 | 608,319 | 142,840 | 23 | % | ||||||||||
| Money market(1) | 760,430 | 756,082 | 4,348 | 1 | % | ||||||||||
| Core deposits (non-GAAP) | 3,920,749 | 3,885,938 | 34,811 | 1 | % | ||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 532,424 | 609,503 | (77,079) | (13) | % | ||||||||||
| Brokered deposits(2) | 179,994 | 101,919 | 78,075 | 77 | % | ||||||||||
| Total deposits | $ | 4,633,167 | $ | 4,597,360 | $ | 35,807 | 1 | % |
(1) Includes $89.1 million and $61.5 million of deposits from Camden National Wealth Management as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which represent client funds. These deposits fluctuate with changes in the portfolios of the clients of Camden National Wealth Management.
(2) At December 31, 2024 and 2023, brokered deposits consisted of $105.2 million and $70.9 million, respectively, of brokered money market balances and $74.8 million and $31.0 million, respectively, of brokered certificates of deposit (“CD”) balances.
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The deposit landscape was highly competitive across our markets throughout 2024 as depositors looked to deploy excess liquidity into higher yielding, interest-bearing deposit accounts prior to short-term interest rate cuts by the Federal Reserve. We continue to manage our deposits closely with a focus on maintaining and enhancing existing depositor relationships and developing new ones, while balancing the Company's overall funding cost and liquidity position.
The sharp increase in short-term interest rates during 2022 and 2023 resulted in our customers, and more broadly across the banking industry, moving excess deposits from lower interest-earning accounts, including checking and savings accounts, to higher yielding accounts, including money market and CD. Throughout 2023 and 2024, our CD product offerings remained relatively short in term to provide the opportunity for CDs to reprice faster and manage our interest rate risk position to falling interest rates. The weighted-average life to maturity of our CD portfolio at December 31, 2024 was 6 months.
Other factors impacting deposits during 2024 included:
•The introduction of a high-yield savings product during the first half of 2024 in an effort to raise cost effective deposits, drive new customer acquisition and provide an alternative higher-yielding deposit product for customers looking for greater liquidity than CDs while enabling us to be better positioned for expected lower short-term interest rates. Through this new product, we drove savings deposit growth of 23%in 2024.
•Given the strength of our overall liquidity position, we took certain actions that included pricing down certain non-relationship, higher cost municipal and institutional deposits with a goal of improving our net interest margin that resulted in approximately $150.0 million of deposit outflows during 2024. Adjusting for these intentional deposit outflows, deposits during 2024 grew 4%.
We will supplement the Company’s funding using brokered deposits to manage overall funding costs, liquidity and our interest rate risk position. The Company’s brokered CDs of $74.8 million matured in February 2025.
At December 31, 2024, the Company had no customer relationships that exceeded 10% of total deposits.
Uninsured and Uncollateralized Deposits. Total deposits that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 were $1.1 billion, or 23% of total deposits, for both December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 and that were not secured by pledged assets or any other guarantee of the Company, totaled $760.8 million, or 16%, of total deposits as of December 31, 2024, and $669.5million, or 15%, of total deposits as of December 31, 2023.
The balance of CDs that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 was $109.2 million, or 21% of CD balances, as of December 31, 2024, and $167.2 million, or 27% of CD balances, as of December 31, 2023. The total uninsured portion of these CDs was $40.2million, or 8% and $93.7 million or 15% as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Borrowings and Advances
We utilize a variety of funding sources to manage our borrowings, including, but not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances, customer and wholesale repurchase agreements, the Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”) (under which the Federal Reserve no longer allowed for additional borrowings from financial institutions as of March 11, 2024), and junior subordinated debentures. We proactively monitor our borrowings through Management and Board ALCO as part of prudent balance sheet, earnings, and liquidity management. As part of our liquidity management, we use internal designations of “short-term” and “long-term” borrowings, and manage our borrowings within each designation:
•Short-term borrowings include, but are not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances with maturity within one year of origination, the BTFP, and customer repurchase agreements; and
•Long-term borrowings may include, but are not limited to, FHLBB advances with maturity greater than one year, wholesale repurchase agreements, and junior subordinated debentures.
At December 31, 2024, short-term borrowings were $500.6 million, representing an increase of $15.0 million, or 3%, since December 31, 2023. In 2024, we prepaid BTFP borrowings of $135.0 million held at December 31, 2023, and replaced the debt with $150.0 million of FHLBB advances to extend and diversify the term of our borrowings. To reduce borrowing costs, we entered into two tranches of interest swaps on these FHLBB advances.
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Short-Term Borrowings. The following table below provides certain information on our short-term borrowings at and for the period ended:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||
| FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | — | $ | 24,950 | $ | 18,725 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 9,313 | 141,318 | 52,908 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 81,000 | 189,400 | 102,225 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 5.65 | % | 4.82 | % | 2.43 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | — | % | 5.56 | % | 4.38 | % | |||||
| FHLBB advances (less than one year): | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 325,000 | $ | 125,000 | $ | 50,000 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 233,060 | 104,740 | 27,192 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 325,000 | 140,000 | 50,000 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 4.09 | % | 3.14 | % | 2.94 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 4.62 | % | 5.53 | % | 4.93 | % | |||||
| BTFP: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | — | $ | 135,000 | $ | — | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 123,617 | 89,510 | — | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 225,000 | 135,000 | — | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 4.77 | % | 4.70 | % | — | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | — | % | 4.70 | % | — | % | |||||
| Customer repurchase agreements: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 175,621 | $ | 200,657 | $ | 196,451 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 185,299 | 191,646 | 215,761 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 204,456 | 210,140 | 268,876 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 1.73 | % | 1.49 | % | 0.51 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 1.64 | % | 1.56 | % | 1.00 | % |
Junior Subordinated Debentures. In connection with the formation of CCTA and UBCT, and the issuance and sale of trust preferred securities to the public, we received and had outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, junior subordinated debentures totaling $44.3 million.
FHLBB Collateral. FHLBB short-term and long-term borrowings are collateralized by a blanket lien on qualified collateral consisting primarily of loans with first mortgages secured by one- to four-family properties, certain commercial real estate loans, certain pledged investment securities and other qualified assets. The carrying value of residential real estate and commercial loans pledged as collateral was $1.9 billion for both December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral at the FHLBB was $4.0 million and $4.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Shareholders’ Equity
Total shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2024 was $531.2 million, which was an increase of $36.2 million, or 7%, since December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by: (1) an increase in retained earnings of $28.4 million driven by net income of $53.0 million, partially offset by dividends declared of $24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024; and (2) an increase in AOCI of $6.9 million driven by an increase in the fair value of the Company's debt securities and interest rate swaps, net of tax.
At each of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements, and the Bank met the capital ratios necessary to be considered “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework. There
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were no changes to the Company’s or the Bank's capital ratios that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2024 that would change the Company or Bank's regulatory capital categorization.
In January 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 750,000 shares of the Company's common stock, representing approximately 5.0% of the Company's issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31, 2023. This program replaced the 2023 program and matured on January 4, 2025. We currently do not have an active share repurchase program in place.
For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 50,000 shares of its common stock at a weighted-average price of $32.19 per share.
Refer to “—Capital Resources” and Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company's capital position.
The following table presents certain information regarding shareholders’ equity for the periods indicated:
| As of and For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
| Financial Ratios | |||||||||||
| Average equity to average assets | 8.92 | % | 8.18 | % | 8.51 | % | |||||
| Common equity ratio | 9.15 | % | 8.66 | % | 7.96 | % | |||||
| Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) | 7.64 | % | 7.11 | % | 6.37 | % | |||||
| Dividend payout ratio | 46.28 | % | 56.38 | % | 38.76 | % | |||||
| Per Share Data | |||||||||||
| Book value per share | $ | 36.44 | $ | 33.99 | $ | 30.98 | |||||
| Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) | $ | 29.91 | $ | 27.42 | $ | 24.37 | |||||
| Dividends declared per share | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.62 |
LIQUIDITY
Our liquidity needs require the availability of cash to meet the withdrawal demands of depositors and credit commitments to borrowers. Liquidity is defined as our ability to maintain availability of funds to meet customer needs, as well as to support our asset base. The primary objective of liquidity management is to maintain a balance between sources and uses of funds to meet our cash flow needs in the most economical and expedient manner. Due to the potential for unexpected fluctuations in both deposits and loans, active management of liquidity is necessary. We maintain various sources of funding and levels of liquid assets and monitor liquidity in accordance with internal guidelines and all applicable regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company's liquidity level exceeded its target. We believe that we currently have appropriate liquidity available to respond to demands. Sources of funds that we utilize consist of deposits; borrowings from the FHLBB and other sources; cash flows from loans and investments; and cash flows from operations, including other contractual obligations and commitments.
As of December 31, 2024, our primary liquidity sources available were as follows:
| (Dollars in thousands) | Amount | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Excess cash | $ | 148,790 | |
| Unpledged investment securities | 579,140 | ||
| Over collateralized securities pledging position | 43,482 | ||
| FHLBB | 701,124 | ||
| FRB Discount Window | 35,012 | ||
| Unsecured borrowing lines | 94,872 | ||
| Total available primary liquidity | $ | 1,602,420 |
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Deposits. Deposits continue to represent our primary source of funds. As of December 31, 2024, total deposits were $4.6 billion, an increase of 1% over December 31, 2023. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Deposits” for additional discussion on the Company’s deposit mix and changes in deposit balances during 2024.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of CDs as of December 31, 2024:
| (In thousands) | CDs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 494,737 | |
| 1 year | 37,687 | ||
| Total | $ | 532,424 |
At December 31, 2024, the Company’s brokered deposits totaled $180.0 million and was comprised of $74.8 million of brokered CDs and $105.2 million of brokered money market accounts. The Company’s brokered CDs of $74.8 million at December 31, 2024, matured in February 2025. The Company has established an internal policy limiting brokered deposits to 20% of the Bank’s assets and had $979.9 million of brokered deposit capacity as of December 31, 2024. Our internal brokered deposit limit falls within the Bank’s total borrowed funds limit that cannot exceed 50% of the Bank’s assets.
Borrowings. Borrowings are used to supplement deposits as a source of liquidity. Our primary sources of borrowings are with the FHLBB, federal funds and customer repurchase agreements, but may also include alternative sources such as various forms of subordinated debentures. At December 31, 2024, total borrowings were $545.0 million.
Our practice is to secure borrowings from the FHLBB with qualified commercial and residential real estate loans, home equity loans and certain investment securities. At December 31, 2024, our total borrowing capacity with FHLBB was $711.0 million.
Customer repurchase agreements are secured by mortgage-backed securities and government-sponsored enterprises. Through the Bank, we also have available lines of credit with the FHLBB of $9.9 million, with correspondent banks of $85.0 million, and with the FRB Discount Window of $35.0 million as of December 31, 2024. We also believe that we have additional untapped access to the brokered deposit market and wholesale reverse repurchase transaction market. These sources are considered as liquidity alternatives in our contingent liquidity plan.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of borrowings as of December 31, 2024:
| (In thousands) | FHLBB Advances | Customer Repurchase Agreements | Subordinated Debentures | Total | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 325,000 | $ | 175,621 | $ | — | $ | 500,621 | |||||||
| 1 year | — | — | 44,331 | 44,331 | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | 325,000 | $ | 175,621 | $ | 44,331 | $ | 544,952 |
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Loans. Contractual loan repayments also affect our liquidity position. Actual speed and timing of repayment may differ materially from contract terms due to prepayments or nonpayment. The Company's residential mortgage loan portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of loans on the secondary market, as needed. As of December 31, 2024, qualifying loans with a book value of $1.9 billion were pledged as collateral.
The following table presents the contractual maturities of loans at the date indicated:
| December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 Year or Less | Due after 1 Year Through 5 Years | Due After 5 Years Through 15 Years | Due in More than 15 Years | Total | Percent of Total Loans | |||||||||||||||||
| Maturity Distribution(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | $ | 48,393 | $ | 299,465 | $ | 444,263 | $ | 2,708 | $ | 794,829 | 20 | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 3,838 | 98,633 | 61,832 | 359 | 164,662 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 180 | 10,234 | 137,183 | 1,207,155 | 1,354,752 | 33 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 1,231 | 10,421 | 18,947 | 186,209 | 216,808 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed rate | 53,642 | 418,753 | 662,225 | 1,396,431 | 2,531,051 | 62 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Variable Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | 21,514 | 318,337 | 335,964 | 241,320 | 917,135 | 22 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 51,832 | 100,560 | 57,654 | 8,077 | 218,123 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 11 | 975 | 33,782 | 362,729 | 397,497 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 132 | 2,307 | 13,450 | 35,564 | 51,453 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total variable rate | 73,489 | 422,179 | 440,850 | 647,690 | 1,584,208 | 38 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 127,131 | $ | 840,932 | $ | 1,103,075 | $ | 2,044,121 | $ | 4,115,259 | 100 | % |
(1) Scheduled repayments are reported in the maturity category in which payment is due. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less.
(2) Commercial real estate loans includes non-owner-occupied and owner-occupied properties.
Additionally, we have active relationships with various secondary market investors that purchase residential mortgage loans we originate. In addition to managing our interest rate risk position and earnings through the sale of these loans, we also manage our liquidity position through timely sales of residential mortgage loans to the secondary market. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold 56%, or $221.9 million, of our residential mortgage loan originations to the secondary market.
Investments. We generally invest in amortizing MBS and CMO debt securities that return cash flow at an accelerated rate in comparison to other types of debt securities that are of a bullet structure. MBS and CMO debt security cash flow will vary depending on the interest rate environment because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. The rise in interest rates during 2022 and 2023 resulted in slowing cash flows. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company's MBS and CMO debt securities portfolio totaled 91% of the Company's investment portfolio. The investment portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of investments on the secondary market, if needed. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $334.8 million and $337.6 million of the MBS and CMO debt securities portfolio, or 56% and 54%, respectively, were designated as AFS and not pledged as collateral. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, $305.7 million and $200.4 million, or 59% and 37%, respectively, were designated as HTM and not pledged as collateral.
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The following is a summary of the scheduled cash flows from our debt securities portfolio, including investments designated as AFS and HTM, as of December 31, 2024:
| (In thousands) | ContractualCash Flows(1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 124,877 | |||||||
| 1 year | 986,650 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,111,527 |
(1) Expected contractual cash flows could differ as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Other Liquidity Requirements. The Company generates cash flows from earnings through its normal course of business from earnings and, although not contractual, the Company has a history of paying a quarterly cash dividend to its shareholders and repurchasing its shares of common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company reported $53.0 million of net income, paid cash dividends of $24.6 million to shareholders and repurchased shares of its common stock for $1.6 million.
Also through its normal operations, the Company is party to several other contractual obligations not previously discussed, such as various lease agreements on a number of its branches. Renewal options within the various lease contracts, as applicable, were considered to determine the lease term and estimate the contractual obligation and commitment for the Company's operating and finance leases. Furthermore, certain lease contracts of the Company contain language that subject its rent payment to variability, such as those tied to an index or change in an index. As a result, the future contractual obligation and commitment may differ materially from that estimated and disclosed within the table below. At December 31, 2024, we had the following lease and other contractual obligations to make future payments under each of these contracts as follows:
| Total Amount Committed | Payments Due Per Period | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 1 Year or Less | 1 Year | |||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 11,050 | $ | 1,180 | $ | 9,870 | |||||
| Finance leases | 9,336 | 477 | 8,859 | ||||||||
| Other contractual obligations | 5,305 | 5,305 | — | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 25,691 | $ | 6,962 | $ | 18,729 |
The Company's estimated lease liability for its various operating and finance leases was reported within other liabilities on our consolidated statements of condition. Please refer to Notes 1 and 6 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of our leases.
In the normal course of business, we are a party to credit related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, which are not reflected in the consolidated statements of condition. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Many of the commitments will expire without being drawn upon, and thus, the total amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Refer to Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details.
We use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes (primarily interest rate risk) and not for trading or speculative purposes. These contracts with our various counterparties may subject the Company to various cash flow requirements, which may include posting of cash as collateral (or other assets) for arrangements that the Company is in a liability position (i.e. “underwater”). Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives and hedge instruments.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
As part of our goal to operate a safe, sound and profitable financial organization, we are committed to maintaining a strong capital base. Shareholders’ equity totaled $531.2 million and $495.1 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which amounted to 9% of total assets at each date. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Shareholders' Equity” for discussion regarding changes in shareholders' equity since December 31, 2023.
Our principal cash requirement is the payment of dividends on our common stock, as and when declared by the Company's Board of Directors. We declared dividends to shareholders in the aggregate amount of $24.5 million, or $1.68 per share, $24.5 million, or $1.68 per share, and $23.7 million, or $1.62 per share, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's Board of Directors approves cash dividends on a quarterly basis after careful analysis and consideration of various factors, including the following: (i) capital position relative to total assets, (ii) risk-based assets, (iii) total classified assets, (iv) economic conditions, (v) growth rates for total assets and total liabilities, (vi) earnings performance and projections and (vii) strategic initiatives and related capital requirements. All dividends declared and distributed by the Company will be in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and state corporate law.
We are primarily dependent upon the payment of cash dividends by the Bank, our wholly-owned subsidiary, to service our commitments. We, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, are entitled to dividends, when and as declared by the Bank's Board of Directors from legally available funds. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Bank declared dividends payable to the Company in the amount of $30.1 million, $22.5 million, and $31.7 million, respectively. Under OCC regulations, the Bank generally may not declare a dividend in excess of the Bank’s undivided profits or, absent OCC approval, if the total amount of dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of the Bank's retained net income for the current year plus its retained net income for the prior two years. If we are required to use dividends from the Bank to service unforeseen commitments in the future, we may be required to reduce the dividends paid to our shareholders going forward.
Please refer to Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of the Company and Bank's capital regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company and Bank met all regulatory capital requirements and the Bank continues to be classified as “well capitalized” under prompt corrective action provisions.
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RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company’s Board of Directors and management have identified significant risk categories which affect the Company. The risk categories include: credit; liquidity; market; interest rate; capital; operational; technology, including cybersecurity; vendor and third party; people and compensation; compliance and legal; and strategic alignment and reputation. The Board of Directors has approved an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) Policy that addresses each category of risk. The direct oversight and responsibility for the Company's risk management program has been delegated to the Company's Executive Vice President, Chief Risk Officer, who is a member of the Executive Committee and reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer.
The Company is, and may become, subject to other risks. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for further description of the Company's material risks.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from an obligor's failure to meet the terms of any contract with the Company or otherwise to perform as agreed. It is found in all activities in which success depends on counterparty, issuer or borrower performance. It arises any time funds are extended, committed, invested or otherwise exposed through actual or implied contractual agreements, whether reflected on or off the Company's balance sheet. The Company makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of its loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers and counterparties and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of loans. For further discussion regarding credit risk and the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, refer to “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from the Company’s inability to meet its obligations when they come due, without incurring unacceptable losses. Liquidity risk includes the inability to manage unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources. Liquidity risk also arises from the failure to recognize or address changes in market conditions that affect the ability to liquidate assets quickly and with minimal loss in value. For further discussion regarding the Company's management of liquidity risk, refer to the “—Liquidity” section.
Market Risk. Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The ongoing monitoring and management of this risk is an important component of our asset and liability management process, which is governed by policies established by the Bank’s Board of Directors that are reviewed and approved annually. The Board ALCO delegates responsibility for carrying out the asset/liability management policies to Management ALCO. In this capacity, Management ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting our asset/liability management-related activities based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels and trends. Board ALCO meets on a quarterly basis to review strategies, policies, economic conditions and various activities as part of the management of these risks.
Certain of the Company's revenues are asset-based and determined as a percentage of the value of a client's assets under management. Such values are affected by changes in financial markets, such as interest rate risk, equity prices, and foreign exchange rates, and, accordingly, declines in the financial market may negatively impact its revenue. As of December 31, 2024, client assets under management by Camden National Wealth Management were $1.2 billion. It is estimated that a 1% increase or decrease in client assets under management would result in a de minimis impact to our consolidated financial results.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary component of our earnings. Board ALCO and Management ALCO utilize the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. While Board ALCO and Management ALCO routinely monitor simulated net interest income sensitivity over a rolling two-year horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated statements of condition, as well as for derivative financial instruments. This sensitivity analysis is compared to internal ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one- and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth or change in composition, given a 200 basis point upward and downward shift in interest rates. In the down 200 basis points scenario, Federal Funds and Treasury yields are floored at 0.01% while Prime is floored at 3.00%. All other market rates are floored at the lesser of current levels or 0.25%.
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As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflected the following changes to net interest income assuming no balance sheet growth or change in composition, and a parallel shift in interest rates. All rate changes were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder of the ALCO simulation horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As of December 31, | |||||||||
| Rate Change from Year 1 – Base | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Year 1 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | (1.6) | % | (0.6) | % | (3.9) | % | |||
| -200 basis points | 3.0 | % | — | % | 3.1 | % | |||
| Year 2 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | 5.2 | % | 11.4 | % | 8.8 | % | |||
| -200 basis points | 14.4 | % | 11.5 | % | 11.6 | % |
The preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, including loan and deposit betas, and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Based upon the net interest income simulation models, in Year 1 of a rising interest rate environment the Company is slightly liability sensitive as our funding will reprice faster than assets as market rates rise over the first year and result in lower net interest income. Cash flows from investments and loans are redeployed into current market rates at higher yields than our existing portfolio, however funding cost pressures continue in the higher current rate environment and outpace asset yield expansion. In Year 2, funding cost pressures subside and asset yields continue to improve, resulting in improved net interest income compared to our Year 1 base scenario. In Year 1 of a falling interest rate environment, net interest income is expected to improve as the decrease in funding costs outpaces the decrease in asset yields from accelerated loan and investment prepayments. In Year 2, net interest income is expected to further increase compared to our Year 1 base scenario as asset yields are supported by fixed rates and floors while cost of funds reductions continue.
Periodically, if deemed appropriate, we use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to hedge our interest rate risk position. The Board of Directors has approved hedging policy statements governing the use of these instruments. As of December 31, 2024, we had interest rate swap agreements with a total notional of $43.0 million related to our junior subordinated debentures, $50.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on variable rate deposits to mitigate exposure to rising rates, $400.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on short-term fixed-rate rolling funding to mitigate exposure to rising rates, and $375.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements to hedge fixed-rate residential mortgages using the “portfolio layer” method, and $313.4 million of notional interest rate swap agreements related to commercial loan level derivative program with both our commercial customers and a corresponding swap dealer. The Board and Management ALCO monitor derivative activities relative to their expectations and our hedging policies. Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives instruments.
Capital Risk. Capital risk is the risk that an investor may lose all or part of the principal amount invested. The Company faces this risk as it manages its balance sheet and has investments or loans that may lose all or part of the principal amount the Company has invested, which can have an impact on shareholders' equity. The Company also faces capital risk in that the entity may lose value on components of its shareholders' equity. The regulatory environment mandates the Company and Bank maintain certain levels of capital. These capital levels can change based upon regulatory changes, which can then impact what the Company is able to accomplish from a strategic perspective. For further discussion regarding capital risk and management of this risk, refer to “—Capital Resources,” and Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements.
Operational Risk. Operational risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings and capital arising from fraud, error and the inability to deliver products or services, maintain a competitive position and manage information. Risk is inherent in efforts to gain strategic advantage and in the failure to keep pace with changes in the financial services marketplace. Operational risk is evident in each product and service offered by the Company and encompasses product development and delivery, transaction processing, systems development, change management, complexity of products and services, human resource elements and the
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internal control environment. The risk that transactions may not be processed on time or correctly can have significant impact on the Bank’s reputation, which can result in compliance violations and fines, and/or other financial risks.
The Company manages operational risk through a series of internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. These programs include various internal and external audit programs, internal committees to oversee compliance with programs and remedial actions, if necessary, and various documented policies, procedures and framework for addressing such risks.
Technology Risk, including Cybersecurity. Technology Risk, including risk relating to artificial intelligence and other emerging or developing technologies, is the risk of financial loss, disruption or damage to the reputation of an organization resulting from the failure of its information technology systems, weak computing infrastructure, or a breach of information technology systems. Technology and cybersecurity risk could materialize in a variety of ways, such as unpatched or vulnerable computing systems, deliberate and unauthorized breaches of security to gain access to information systems, unintentional or accidental breaches of security, operational information technology risks due to factors such as poor system integrity, weak computing infrastructure and/or a weak Cybersecurity protection program.
Poorly managed technology and cybersecurity risk can leave an institution exposed to a variety of cybercrimes, with consequences ranging from data disruption to economic destitution. Reputation risk due to a technology and/or cybersecurity event can be significant to overcome depending on the severity of the event.
The Company manages technology and cybersecurity risks through its internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. Refer to Item 1C. Cybersecurity for further information.
Vendor and Third Party Risk. Vendor and third party risk represents the risk related to outsourced activities and in certain situations includes reliance on vendors to deliver services on our behalf. The Company has many service partners and an increasing reliance on outsourced services, which places greater risk on the Company through these many partners. These relationships are controlled by contracts and service level agreements, but represent increasing risk to the Company.
The Company manages vendor and third party risk through its vendor management program, which includes robust due diligence and risk assessment prior to engaging a new vendor, annual review of certain vendors depending on the services provided by the vendor, and an evaluation of the risk the vendor may present to the Company through our reliance on its services.
People and Compensation Risk. People and compensation risk includes: (1) the risk of employee dishonesty, incompetence or error; (2) the risk of not having individuals with adequate training and experience to properly discharge their responsibilities; (3) the risk of not having sufficient depth of personnel to provide back up for critical functions; (4) the risk of lawsuit by employees alleging improper actions by or on behalf of the Company; (5) succession planning; and (6) compensation risk, which includes having compensation plans that effectively allow the Company to hire and keep the right talent, and properly designed compensation and incentive programs to promote ethical behavior and assure that excessive risk is not encouraged.
The Company manages people and compensation risk through annual risk assessments of various compensation and incentive plans, oversight by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the use of third party compensation consultants, and various insurance programs.
Compliance and Legal Risk. Compliance and legal risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from violations of, or nonconformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or ethical standards. This risk exposes the Company to fines, civil money penalties, payment of damages, and the voiding of contracts. Compliance risk can lead to diminished reputation, reduced franchise value, limited business opportunities, reduced expansion potential, and an inability to enforce contracts. Legal risk exists in generally all activity of the Company where there is any possibility that the Company will become subject to liability for improper actions.
The Company manages compliance and legal risk through various internal and external audit programs, use of third parties for consulting and legal support, ongoing compliance risk assessments, the ERM Committee and various insurance programs.
Strategic Alignment Risk. Strategic alignment risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings or capital arising from adverse business decisions, improper implementation of decisions, or lack of responsiveness to industry changes. This risk is a function of the compatibility of the Company's strategic goals, the business strategies developed to achieve those goals, the resources deployed against these goals, and the quality of implementation.
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Reputation Risk. Reputation risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings and capital arising from negative public opinion. The reputation of financial services companies can be based on brand and trust, and the loss of brand or trust can negatively impact the Company's operations and financial results. Reputation risk exposure is present throughout the organization and our interactions with our various stakeholders, including, but not limited to, our customers, communities and investors.
The Company manages its strategic alignment and reputation risk through various internal policies and programs, including, but not limited to, the Company's core values, code of ethics policy, financial code of ethics policy, Audit Committee complaint policy, employee handbook, and other policies and programs, as well as through strategic planning and oversight by the Board of Directors.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the consolidated financial statements.
FY 2023 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0000750686-24-000025.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations and financial condition at and for the year ended December 31, 2023, and where appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and selected consolidated financial data.
Refer to the Company’s 2022 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2023 for the discussion of results of operations and financial condition at and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The following is provided to aid the reader and provide a reference page when reviewing this section of the Form 10-K:
| Acronym | Description | Acronym | Description | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFS: | Available-for-sale | GAAP: | Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States | |||
| ALCO: | Asset/Liability Committee | GDP: | Gross domestic product | |||
| ACL: | Allowance for credit losses | HTM: | Held-to-maturity | |||
| AOCI: | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | LGD: | Loss given default | |||
| ASC: | Accounting Standards Codification | LIBOR: | London Interbank Offered Rate | |||
| ASU: | Accounting Standards Update | LTIP: | Long-Term Performance Share Plan | |||
| Bank: | Camden National Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Corporation | Management ALCO: | Management Asset/Liability Committee | |||
| BOLI: | Bank-owned life insurance | MBS: | Mortgage-backed security | |||
| Board ALCO: | Board of Directors' Asset/Liability Committee | MSPP: | Management Stock Purchase Plan | |||
| BTFP: | Bank Term Funding Program, introduced by the Federal Reserve Bank in March 2023 | N/A: | Not applicable | |||
| CCTA: | Camden Capital Trust A, an unconsolidated entity formed by Camden National Corporation | N.M.: | Not meaningful | |||
| CD: | Certificate of deposits | OCC: | Office of the Comptroller of the Currency | |||
| CECL: | Current Expected Credit Losses | OCI: | Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||
| Company: | Camden National Corporation | OREO: | Other real estate owned | |||
| CMO: | Collateralized mortgage obligation | PD: | Probability of default | |||
| CUSIP: | Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures | ROU: | Right-of-use | |||
| DCRP: | Defined Contribution Retirement Plan | SBA: | U.S. Small Business Administration | |||
| EPS: | Earnings per share | SBA PPP: | U.S. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program | |||
| FASB: | Financial Accounting Standards Board | SERP: | Supplemental executive retirement plans | |||
| FDIC: | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | SOFR: | Secured Overnight Financing Rate | |||
| FHLBB: | Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston | TDR: | Troubled-debt restructured loan | |||
| FHLMC: | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | UBCT: | Union Bankshares Capital Trust I, an unconsolidated entity formed by Union Bankshares Company that was subsequently acquired by Camden National Corporation | |||
| FRB: | Federal Reserve System Board of Governors | U.S.: | United States of America | |||
| FRBB: | Federal Reserve Bank of Boston |
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
In addition to evaluating the Company’s results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as adjusted net income; adjusted diluted earnings per share; adjusted return on average assets; adjusted return on average equity; pre-tax, pre-provision income and adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision; income; the efficiency ratio; return on average tangible equity and adjusted return on average tangible equity; tangible book value per share and tangible common equity ratio; net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent); and core deposits and average core deposits. We utilize these non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of measuring our performance against our peer group and other financial institutions and analyzing our internal performance. We also believe these non-GAAP financial measures help investors better understand the Company’s operating performance and trends and allow for better performance comparisons to other banks. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures remove the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP operating results, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other financial institutions.
Adjusted Net Income; Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share; Adjusted Return on Average Assets; and Adjusted Return on Average Equity. Adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, adjusted return on average assets and adjusted return on average equity are each supplemental measures that exclude certain transactions as outlined and calculated in the table below. Each item reconciles to reported net income, diluted earnings per share, return on average assets and return on average equity. The Company believes these adjusted financial metrics assist users of its financial statements with their financial analysis period-over-period as they are adjusted for certain non-recurring items.
| For the Year EndedDecember 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands, except number of shares, per share data and ratios) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Adjusted Net Income: | |||||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 43,383 | $ | 61,439 | $ | 69,014 | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | 10,310 | 912 | — | ||||||||
| Adjustment for Signature Bank bond write-off | 1,838 | — | — | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | (2,551) | (192) | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted net income | $ | 52,980 | $ | 62,159 | $ | 69,014 | |||||
| Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share: | |||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share, as presented | $ | 2.97 | $ | 4.17 | $ | 4.60 | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | 0.71 | 0.06 | — | ||||||||
| Adjustment for Signature Bank bond write-off | 0.13 | — | — | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | (0.18) | (0.01) | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted diluted earnings per share | $ | 3.63 | $ | 4.22 | $ | 4.60 | |||||
| Adjusted Return on Average Assets: | |||||||||||
| Return on average assets, as presented | 0.76 | % | 1.12 | % | 1.31 | % | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | 0.18 | % | 0.02 | % | — | ||||||
| Adjustment for Signature Bank bond write-off | 0.03 | % | — | — | |||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | (0.04) | % | — | — | |||||||
| Adjusted return on average assets | 0.93 | % | 1.14 | % | 1.31 | % | |||||
| Adjusted Return on Average Equity: | |||||||||||
| Return on average equity, as presented | 9.30 | % | 13.15 | % | 12.72 | % | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | 2.21 | % | 0.20 | % | — | ||||||
| Adjustment for Signature Bank bond write-off | 0.39 | % | — | — | |||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustments(1) | (0.55) | % | (0.04) | % | — | ||||||
| Adjusted return on average equity | 11.35 | % | 13.31 | % | 12.72 | % |
(1) Assumed a 21% income tax rate.
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Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income and Adjusted Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income. Pre-tax, pre-provision income and adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision income are each a supplemental measure of operating earnings and performance. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is calculated as net income before adjustment for provision (credit) for credit losses and adjustment for income tax expense, and adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision income is calculated as net income before adjustment for net loss on sale of securities and adjustment for SBA PPP loan income. These supplemental measures became more widely used by financial institutions as a measure of financial performance for comparability across financial institutions due to the provision for credit losses, as well as the SBA PPP loan income that was received on SBA loans originated, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that were not a recurring and sustainable source of revenues for financial institutions.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 43,383 | $ | 61,439 | $ | 69,014 | |||||
| Adjustment for income tax expense | 10,453 | 15,608 | 17,627 | ||||||||
| Adjustment for provision (credit) for credit losses | 2,100 | 4,500 | (3,190) | ||||||||
| Pre-tax, pre-provision income | $ | 55,936 | $ | 81,547 | $ | 83,451 | |||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | 10,310 | 912 | — | ||||||||
| Adjustment for SBA PPP loan income | (14) | (1,254) | (8,170) | ||||||||
| Adjusted pre-tax, pre-provision income | $ | 66,232 | $ | 81,205 | $ | 75,281 |
Efficiency Ratio. The efficiency ratio represents an approximate measure of the cost required for the Company to generate a dollar of revenue. This is a common measure used by financial institutions and is a key ratio for evaluating Company performance. The efficiency ratio is calculated as the ratio of (i) total non-interest expense, adjusted for certain operating expenses, as necessary to (ii) net interest income on a tax equivalent basis plus total non-interest income, adjusted for certain other income items, as necessary.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Non-interest expense, as presented | $ | 107,361 | $ | 106,849 | $ | 103,720 | |||||
| Adjustment for prepayment fees on borrowings | — | — | (514) | ||||||||
| Adjusted non-interest expense | $ | 107,361 | $ | 106,849 | $ | 103,206 | |||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 132,263 | $ | 147,694 | $ | 137,436 | |||||
| Adjustment for the effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 901 | 937 | 988 | ||||||||
| Non-interest income, as presented | 31,034 | 40,702 | 49,735 | ||||||||
| Adjustment for net loss on sale of securities | 10,310 | 912 | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income plus non-interest income | $ | 174,508 | $ | 190,245 | $ | 188,159 | |||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues(2) | 65.75 | % | 56.72 | % | 55.41 | % | |||||
| Non-GAAP efficiency ratio | 61.52 | % | 56.16 | % | 54.85 | % |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
(2) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
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Return on Average Tangible Equity and Adjusted Return on Average Tangible Equity. Return on average tangible equity is the ratio of (i) net income, adjusted for tax effected amortization of core deposit intangible assets and other adjustments, as necessary, to (ii) average shareholders' equity, adjusted for average goodwill and core deposit intangible assets. This adjusted financial ratio reflects a shareholders' return on tangible capital deployed in our business and is a common performance measure within the financial services industry. Adjusted return on average tangible equity is calculated the same as return on average tangible equity but uses adjusted net income which excludes certain transactions as shown in the table above. The Company believes this adjusted metric assists users of its financial statements with their period-over-period financial analysis as it is adjusted for certain non-recurring items.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Return on Average Tangible Equity: | |||||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 43,383 | $ | 61,439 | $ | 69,014 | |||||
| Adjustment for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | 592 | 625 | 655 | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustment(1) | (124) | (131) | (138) | ||||||||
| Net income, adjusted for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | $ | 43,851 | $ | 61,933 | $ | 69,531 | |||||
| Average equity, as presented | $ | 466,717 | $ | 467,245 | $ | 542,725 | |||||
| Adjustment for average goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (95,962) | (96,572) | (97,211) | ||||||||
| Average tangible equity | $ | 370,755 | $ | 370,673 | $ | 445,514 | |||||
| Return on average equity | 9.30 | % | 13.15 | % | 12.72 | % | |||||
| Return on average tangible equity | 11.83 | % | 16.71 | % | 15.61 | % | |||||
| Adjusted Return on Average Tangible Equity: | |||||||||||
| Adjusted net income (see “Adjusted Net Income” table above) | $ | 52,980 | $ | 62,159 | $ | 69,014 | |||||
| Adjustment for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | 592 | 625 | 655 | ||||||||
| Tax impact of above adjustment(1) | (124) | (131) | (138) | ||||||||
| Adjusted net income, adjusted for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | $ | 53,448 | $ | 62,653 | $ | 69,531 | |||||
| Adjusted return on average tangible equity | 14.42 | % | 16.90 | % | 15.61 | % |
(1) Assumed a 21% income tax rate.
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Tangible Book Value per Share and Tangible Common Equity Ratio. Tangible book value per share is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill, and core deposit intangible assets to (ii) total common shares outstanding at period end. Tangible book value per share is a common measure within our industry when assessing the value of a company as it removes goodwill and other intangible assets generated within purchase accounting upon a business combination.
Tangible common equity is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill and core deposit intangible assets to (ii) total assets less goodwill and core deposit intangible assets. This ratio is a measure used within our industry to assess whether or not a company is highly leveraged.
| (In thousands, except number of shares and per share data) | December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Tangible Book Value Per Share: | |||||||
| Shareholders' equity, as presented | $ | 495,064 | $ | 451,278 | |||
| Adjustment for goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (95,668) | (96,260) | |||||
| Tangible shareholders' equity | $ | 399,396 | $ | 355,018 | |||
| Shares outstanding at period end | 14,565,952 | 14,567,325 | |||||
| Book value per share | $ | 33.99 | $ | 30.98 | |||
| Tangible book value per share | $ | 27.42 | $ | 24.37 | |||
| Tangible Common Equity Ratio: | |||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,714,506 | $ | 5,671,850 | |||
| Adjustment for goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (95,668) | (96,260) | |||||
| Tangible assets | $ | 5,618,838 | $ | 5,575,590 | |||
| Common equity ratio | 8.66 | % | 7.96 | % | |||
| Tangible common equity ratio | 7.11 | % | 6.37 | % |
Net Interest Income (Fully-Taxable Equivalent). Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis is net interest income plus the taxes that would have been paid had tax-exempt securities been taxable. This number attempts to enhance the comparability of the performance of assets that have different tax liabilities. This is a common measure with the financial services industry and is used within the calculation of net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 132,263 | $ | 147,694 | $ | 137,436 | |||||
| Adjustment for the effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 901 | 937 | 987 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, tax equivalent | $ | 133,164 | $ | 148,631 | $ | 138,423 |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
Core Deposits. Core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and lower cost. The Company calculates core deposits as total deposits less CDs and brokered deposits. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
| Total deposits, as presented | $ | 4,597,360 | $ | 4,826,929 | |||
| Adjustment for certificates of deposit | (609,503) | (300,451) | |||||
| Adjustment for brokered deposits | (101,919) | (181,253) | |||||
| Core deposits | $ | 3,885,938 | $ | 4,345,225 |
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Average Core Deposits. Average core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and at a lower interest rate cost. The Company calculates average core deposits as total deposits less CDs. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Total average deposits, as presented(1) | $ | 4,481,322 | $ | 4,472,063 | $ | 4,096,411 | |||||
| Adjustment for average certificates of deposit | (453,723) | (295,586) | (333,352) | ||||||||
| Average core deposits | $ | 4,027,599 | $ | 4,176,477 | $ | 3,763,059 |
(1) Brokered deposits are excluded from total average deposits, as presented on the Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate analysis table.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported. Actual results could materially differ from our current estimates, as a result of changing conditions and future events. Several estimates are particularly critical and are susceptible to significant near-term change, including (i) the ACL, including the ACL on loans, off-balance sheet credit exposures and investments; (ii) accounting for acquisitions and the subsequent review of goodwill and intangible assets generated in an acquisition for impairment; (iii) income taxes; and (iv) accounting for defined benefit and postretirement plans.
Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of the Company's accounting policies, including new accounting standards recently adopted.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”). The ACL is calculated using the current expected credit loss accounting model, often referred to as “CECL.” Under CECL, the ACL at each reporting period serves as our best estimate of projected credit losses over the contractual life of certain assets, adjusted for expected prepayments, given an expectation of economic conditions and forecasts as of the valuation date.
The recorded ACL on loans and HTM debt investments is determined based on the amortized cost basis of the assets and may be determined at various levels, including homogeneous loan pools, individual credits with unique risk factors, and CUSIP. We use a discounted cash flow approach to calculate the ACL for each loan segment. Within the discounted cash flow model, a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) assumption is applied to calculate the expected loss for each loan segment. PD is the probability the asset will default within a given timeframe and LGD is the percentage of the assets not expected to be collected due to default. PD and LGD data may be derived using (1) internal historical default and loss experience, as well as from (2) external data if there are not statistically meaningful loss events or our own internal loss data does not span a full economic cycle for a given loan segment.
CECL may create more volatility in our ACL, particularly our ACL on loans and ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures. Under CECL, our ACL may increase or decrease period-to-period based on many factors, including, but not limited to: (i) macroeconomic forecasts and conditions; (ii) a change in the forecast period; (iii) a change in the reversion speed; (iv) a change in the prepayment speed assumption; (v) an increase or decrease in loan balances, including changes to our loan portfolio mix; (vi) credit quality of the loan portfolio; and (vii) various qualitative factors outlined in ASU 2016-13.
Under CECL, the ACL on AFS securities is reviewed to determine the extent the fair value of a security designated as AFS is less than its amortized cost and we either (i) intend to sell the security or (ii) it is more-likely-than-not we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the investment is permanently impaired and the amortized cost basis is written down to fair value and a corresponding impairment charge is recorded within the consolidated statements of income. If neither of the above is true, but the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis at the reporting date, then an allowance is established on the AFS investment for the portion of the impairment that is due to credit reasons (e.g. credit rating downgrades, past due receivables, and/or other macro- or micro-adverse trends). The allowance established on an AFS investment due to credit losses is limited to the amount the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis as of the reporting date. If the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis for non-credit-related reasons (e.g. interest rate environment), then the impairment continues to be recognized within shareholders' equity through AOCI.
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ACL on Loans. We consider the ACL on loans to be a critical accounting policy given the uncertainty in evaluating the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loans in its portfolio. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is a key management function that requires significant judgment and estimate by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the current loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in future periods. While our current evaluation indicates that the ACL on loans at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was appropriate, the allowance may need to be increased under adversely different conditions or assumptions.
The significant key assumptions used with the ACL on loans calculation at December 31, 2023 and 2022 using the CECL methodology, included:
•Macroeconomic factors (loss drivers): Macroeconomic factors are used within our discounted cash flow model to forecast the PD over the forecast period. As macroeconomic factor condition worsen, the PD increases, and the corresponding LGD increases, resulting in an increase in the ACL on loans. We monitor and assess Maine unemployment, changes in Maine GDP, changes in National GDP, and changes in Maine's Housing Price Index at least annually to determine if these macroeconomic factors continue to be the most predictive indicator of losses within our loan portfolio. Macroeconomic factors used in the calculation of the ACL on loans may change from time to time and in times of greater uncertainty, we may consider a range of possible forecasts and evaluate the probability of each scenario. We assessed our loss factors again in the fourth quarter of 2023 and there were no changes made to the ACL on loans calculation for reporting as of December 31, 2023.
•Forecast Period and Reversion speed: The company uses a reasonable and supportable forecast period in developing the ACL, which represents the time period that management believes it can reasonably forecast the identified loss drivers. Generally, the forecast period management believes to be reasonable and supportable is set annually and validated through an assessment of economic leading indicators. In periods of greater volatility and uncertainty, such as that seen across the global markets and economies, including the U.S., we are likely to use a shorter forecast period, whereas when markets, economies and various other factors are considered more stable and certain, we are likely to use a longer forecast period. Generally, we expect our forecast period to range from one to three years. Once the reasonable and supportable forecast period is determined, The company reverts its loss expectations to the long-run historical mean for the remainder of the contract life of the asset, adjusted for prepayments. In determining the length of time over which the reversion will take place (i.e. “reversion speed”), we consider such factors such as, but not limited to, historical loan loss experience over previous economic cycles, as well as where we believe we are within the current economic cycle.
At December 31, 2023, we used a two-year forecast period and a two-year reversion period for each loan segment to measure the ACL on loans. At December 31, 2022, we used a one-year forecast period and one-year reversion period for each loan segment to measure the ACL on loans. This change was to better align the economic forecasted data used to calculate the ACL with the Company’s internal views of the future economic state.
•Prepayment speeds: Prepayment speeds are determined for each loan segment utilizing our own historical loan data, as well as consideration of current environmental factors. The prepayment speed assumption is utilized with the discounted cash flow model (i.e. the CECL model) to forecast expected cash flows over the contractual life of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. A higher prepayment speed assumption will drive a lower ACL, and vice versa. In the fourth quarter of 2023 we decreased our prepayment speeds for our residential, commercial real estate non-owner-occupied and commercial real estate owner-occupied. These decreases were to better align the prepayment speeds in the model with the current portfolio in the current interest rate environment.
•Qualitative factors: Companies are required to consider various qualitative factors that may impact expected credit losses. We continue to consider qualitative factors in determining and arriving at our ACL on loans each reporting period. In 2023 the Company increased the qualitative factors used to address the increased risk in certain commercial real estate segments to ensure the Company has adequate reserves over these segments.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the recorded ACL on loans was $36.9 million and represented our best estimate of expected credit losses within our loan portfolio as of each date. However, we may adjust our assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses each period. A future change of our assumptions will likely alter the level of allowance required and may have a material impact on future results of operations and financial condition. The ACL is reviewed periodically within a calendar quarter to assess trends in the aforementioned key assumptions, as well as asset quality within our loan portfolio, and we consider the impact of these trends on the ACL and the Company's financial condition, if any. The ACL on loans is reviewed and approved on a quarterly basis by the Company's Audit Committee, and later reviewed and ratified by the Bank's Board of Directors.
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Refer to “—Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses,” “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. We consider the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures to be a critical accounting policy given the uncertainty in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses on expected future loan fundings of, primarily, unfunded loan commitments for those that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The expected credit loss factor calculated for each loan segment using the ACL on loans methodology described above, as well as within Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, is used to calculate the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures for each applicable loan segment, and, thus, are subject to the same level of estimation risk and volatility previously described. In addition, one other key assumption is used to derive the allowance on off-balance sheet credit exposures and that is the expected funding rate. The expected funding rate is derived using historical loan-level data for credit line usage, and is applied to total off-balance sheet credit exposures at each reporting date, excluding any that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company, to determine the expected funding amount. As unfunded loan commitments are funded, the allowance migrates from that provided for off-balance sheet credit exposures to the ACL on loans. If the expected funding rate or any other key assumption used is not reasonable, then this could have an adverse impact on the total ACL upon funding.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the recorded ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $2.4 million and $3.3 million, respectively, and presented within accrued interest and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of condition. Increases (decreases) to the allowance are presented within provision (credit) for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income. The allowance at December 31, 2023 and 2022, represented our best estimate, however, we may adjust our assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses from period to period. A future change to our assumptions will likely alter the level of allowance required and may have a material impact on future results of operations and financial condition.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses,” “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 and 11 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL for HTM Debt Securities. The estimate of expected credit losses on our HTM investment portfolio is based on the expected cash flows of each individual CUSIP over its contractual life and considers historical credit loss information, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Given the rarity of municipal defaults and losses, we utilize external third party loss forecast models as the sole source of municipal default and loss rates. Investment cash flows are modeled over a reasonable and supportable forecast period and then revert to the long-term average economic conditions on a straight line basis (similar to that of our ACL on loans policy). Management may exercise discretion to make adjustments based on various environmental factors.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company held securities in its HTM portfolio with an amortized cost basis of $545.0 million and $546.6 million, that primarily consisted of MBS and CMO debt securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies. Under ASU 2016-13, we may exclude certain securities when the historical credit loss information, adjusted for current conditions and forecasts, resulting in zero risk of nonpayment of the amortized cost basis of the security. We have evaluated and determined there is zero risk of nonpayment on all securities guaranteed by the U.S government agencies. In 2023, the Company engaged a third party to calculate the necessary allowances required due on all other HTM securities. In the first quarter of 2023, we recorded provision expense of $1.8 million on one HTM debt security, which was driven by the full write-off of one Signature Bank corporate bond due to its failure in March 2023. This was the only exposure we had to failed banks in 2023. However, no allowance was carried given the immaterial amount that was calculated based on the nature of such securities as of December 31, 2023 or 2022. Should our HTM portfolio continue grow in size, change its mix and/or experience credit deterioration, an allowance may be recorded at that time.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL on AFS Debt Securities. We consider the ACL on AFS debt securities to be a critical accounting policy given the size of the investment portfolio and level of estimation used to determine the allowance, as appropriate. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's AFS portfolio is entirely made up of assets that are fair valued using level 2 valuation techniques in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. We engage a third party pricing agency to assist with the valuation of such debt securities and the assets are carried at fair value at each reporting period. An allowance is recorded on an AFS debt security to the extent an event has occurred that suggests receipt of full contractual payments are at risk. When such an event has been identified, a discounted cash flow model is used to determine the expected losses due to credit risk, and an allowance
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is recorded to reduce the carrying value of the debt security by the calculated expected loss amount, limited to the amount by which the fair value of the debt security is below its amortized cost basis.
As further described within “—Financial Condition—Investments,” the Company's AFS portfolio, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, was primarily consisted of MBS and CMO debt securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies, and, thus, presenting little to no credit risk. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had not identified indications of credit risk and did not carry any allowance for credit losses on its AFS portfolio and did not record any permanent impairments during the remainder of 2023, 2022, 2021.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Purchase Price Allocation and Impairment of Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets. We record all acquired assets and liabilities at fair value, which is an estimate determined by the use of internal valuation techniques. We also may engage external valuation services to assist with the valuation of material assets and liabilities acquired, including, but not limited to, loans, core deposit intangibles and/or other intangible assets, real estate and time deposits. As part of purchase accounting, we typically acquire goodwill and other intangible assets as part of the purchase price. These assets are subject to ongoing periodic impairment tests under differing accounting models. We did not acquire any other company or assets during 2023 or 2022.
Goodwill impairment evaluations are required to be performed at least annually, but may be required more frequently if certain conditions indicate a potential impairment may exist. Our policy is to perform the goodwill impairment analysis annually as of November 30th, or more frequently as warranted. The goodwill impairment evaluation is required to be performed at the reporting unit level. Goodwill impairment is measured by the amount the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, and an impairment charge is recorded for the lesser of this amount or the amount to write-down goodwill to zero.
We elected to use the quantitative analysis to perform the annual goodwill impairment assessment as of November 30, 2023 and 2022 and concluded that goodwill was not impaired. We may use a qualitative analysis to evaluate goodwill for impairment when it is believed that it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its book value, or if a quantitative analysis was recently used to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit, and there are not any indications of events that would suggest such conclusions for impairment have changed. The Company did not recognize any impairment of goodwill in 2023, 2022 or 2021.
The Company's core deposit intangible assets have a finite life and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Core deposit intangible assets are subject to impairment tests if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount. Core deposit intangible assets are measured for impairment utilizing a cost recovery model. We did not identify any events or circumstances that occurred in 2023, 2022 or 2021 that would indicate that our core deposit intangible assets may be impaired and should be evaluated for such.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Income Taxes. We account for income taxes by deferring income taxes based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, considering the provisions of enacted tax laws. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the consolidated statements of condition.
We must also assess the likelihood that any deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and establish a valuation allowance for those assets determined not likely to be recoverable. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company carried deferred tax assets totaling $42.2 million and $50.2 million, respectively, and did not record any valuation allowance on these deferred tax assets. Although we determined a valuation allowance was not required for our deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there is no guarantee that these assets will be realized. To the extent a valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets is recorded in future periods, a material charge to the Company's consolidated statements of income may result and reduce net income. Judgment is required in determining the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities, including projections of future taxable income.
As of December 31, 2023, our federal and state income tax returns for 2022, 2021 and 2020 were open to audit by federal and various state authorities. If, as a result of an audit, we were to be assessed interest and penalties, the amounts would be recorded through other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.
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Refer to “—Results of Operations—Income Tax Expense” and Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Defined Benefit and Postretirement Plans. We use a December 31st measurement date to determine the expenses for the Company's defined benefit and postretirement plans and related financial disclosure information. Postretirement plan expense is sensitive to changes in the number of eligible employees, changes in the discount rate, mortality rate, and other expected
rates, such as medical cost trends rates and salary scale assumptions. There are no new entrants to the Company's defined benefit and postretirement plans.
Refer to Note 18 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
2023 Overview. Throughout 2023, the U.S. economy and the financial services industry experienced significant and unexpected stress due to several key factors, including: (1) effects of material increases in short-term interest rates driven by aggressive increases in the Federal Funds Rate, which has resulted in a historically prolonged inversion of the interest rate yield curve; (2) liquidity issues resulting in part from three major bank failures that occurred in the first half of 2023 and which contributed to deposit outflows at certain banks; and (3) increased concerns regarding asset quality, particularly within the commercial real estate office space. The combination of these factors has placed great emphasis on deposit gathering across the industry, and coupled with rising short-term interest rates has resulted in rapidly rising deposit costs that have compressed net interest margins across the banking industry.
In response to the macro-environment and the factors outlined above, we shifted our priorities in 2023 to: (1) maintain our deposit base and liquidity strength; (2) optimize our net interest margin; and (3) maintain our strong asset quality. We continue to be focused on driving long-term shareholder value by working to maintain the financial strength and resiliency of the Company’s balance sheet. As of December 31, 2023, we are well-positioned not only to withstand current market turbulence but also to capitalize on opportunities that may arise within the markets in which the Company does business.
During 2023, through the combination of cash dividends and share repurchases, the Company returned $26.5 million of capital to shareholders, which included the repurchase of 65,692 shares of its common stock at a weighted average price of $30.44 and cash dividends to shareholders of $1.68 per share, a 4% increase over 2022. In January 2024, we announced a new share repurchase program approved by the Company’s Board of Directors for up to 750,000 shares, or approximately 5% of total shares outstanding at December 31, 2023, and the termination of our share repurchase program that was opened in 2023.
Operating Results. For 2023, the Company reported net income of $43.4 million and diluted earnings per share of $2.97, which were each 29% lower compared to 2022. Our 2023 financial results were impacted both by the macroeconomic conditions as described above, and by certain actions we took in response to these conditions as we focused on maintaining the long-term strength of our franchise, through maintaining and growing deposit relationships, maintaining our excellent asset quality, and maintaining capital levels. During 2023, the strength of our capital position enabled us to take certain actions to improve the Company’s future earnings capacity and improve profitability through by selling certain investments and redeploying the proceeds into higher yielding assets at current market rates. In doing so, the Company recorded pre-tax investment losses totaling $10.3 million (or $8.9 million in after-tax losses) in 2023, which contributed to the decrease in net income and diluted earnings per share compared to 2022. Adjusting for the investment losses, as well as a write-off of a $1.8 million (or $1.4 million after taxes) Signature Bank corporate bond due to its failure in the first quarter of 2023, adjusted net income (non-GAAP) and adjusted diluted earnings per share in 2023 decreased 15% and 14%, respectively, compared to 2022.
The Company, and the broader financial services industry, operated in an inverted yield curve environment for the entirety of 2023. The impact of the inverted yield curve has compressed the Company’s, and many other banks, net interest margin, which has driven a decrease in revenues and net income, as well as a reduction in profitability metrics, for 2023 compared to 2022. The Company’s net interest margin for 2023 was 2.46%, compared to 2.86% for 2022. We took several steps to stabilize net interest margin and reposition the Company’s balance sheet with a focus on improving our interest rate sensitivity to short- and long-term yield curve inversion for a longer time period, and positioning the Company for profitable growth as the economy and market conditions show signs of normalizing. In addition to the sales of investment securities described above, we took the following actions during 2023:
•We executed $500.0 million of interest rate swaps designed to improve our interest rate risk position to rising and “higher for longer” short-term interest rates and generated $4.9 million of net interest income.
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•We leveraged the Bank Term Funding Program (i.e., a funding program created in early-2023 in response to bank failures to make additional funding available to depository institutions and to help stabilize market confidence) as it provided lower-cost alternative funding and provided us, and other banks, with the option to prepay borrowings under the program without penalty. To improve our liquidity position, we borrowed $135.0 million from the program at a rate of 4.70% for a period of one year.
•We managed deposit costs actively through customer-level interactions and conversations, leveraging the strong relationships we build through our branch network and various channels. Since the beginning of the rising short-term interest rate cycle (i.e., January 1, 2022), our cumulative deposit beta (excluding brokered deposits), which measures the change in the Company’s average deposit rate to the average change in the Effective Federal Funds Rate, through December 31, 2023 was 33%.
•We tempered loan growth to 2% for 2023 through disciplined new loan origination pricing. For 2023, our weighted-average new loan origination yield across our entire loan portfolio was 7.21%.
Financial Highlights. Our financial highlights for 2023 include:
Strong Liquidity Position – At December 31, 2023, total uninsured and uncollateralized1 deposits were 15% of our total deposits, and we maintained access to available funding of two times our total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits.
Strong Capital Position – At December 31, 2023, all of our regulatory capital ratios were well in excess of regulatory capital requirements. Our capital and loan reserve levels, along with our strong credit quality position us for continued success in light of current market conditions that are both dynamic and volatile.
Strong Asset Quality – Key credit quality metrics in both commercial and consumer portfolios remain resilient, despite the macroeconomic pressures created by rapidly rising interest rates and continued risk of a recession in the near-term. Asset quality continues to be a source of strength for the Company, with non-performing assets of 0.13% of total assets and past due loans of 0.12% of total loans at December 31, 2023.
Shareholder Returns – We increased our cash dividend paid per share by 4% over the last year to $1.68 for 2023. Over the past five years, the Company's annual cash dividend has increased 8% on a compounded basis. The increase reflects our ability to generate long-term, sustainable earnings and our commitment to deliver meaningful returns to our shareholders. At December 31, 2023, our annualized dividend yield reached 4.46%, based on our closing stock price of $37.63, on December 29, 2023 (the last business day of the year).
We deployed $2.0 million of capital through the repurchase of 65,692 shares of the Company's common stock.
1 Uncollateralized deposits are customer deposit balances for which the Company has not pledged any of its assets, including investment securities, or provided any other type of guarantee.
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| Financial Highlights | As of or For The Year endedDecember 31, | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands, except per share data and ratios) | 2023 | 2022 | Change | ||||||||
| Earnings and Profitability | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 43,383 | $ | 61,439 | (29) | % | |||||
| Diluted EPS | $ | 2.97 | $ | 4.17 | (29) | % | |||||
| Adjusted net income (non-GAAP) | $ | 52,980 | $ | 62,159 | (15) | % | |||||
| Adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP) | $ | 3.63 | $ | 4.22 | (14) | % | |||||
| Return on average assets | 0.76 | % | 1.12 | % | (0.36) | % | |||||
| Adjusted return on average assets (non-GAAP) | 0.93 | % | 1.14 | % | (0.21) | % | |||||
| Return on average equity | 9.30 | % | 13.15 | % | (3.85) | % | |||||
| Adjusted return on average equity (non-GAAP) | 11.35 | % | 13.31 | % | (1.96) | % | |||||
| Return on average tangible equity (non-GAAP) | 11.83 | % | 16.71 | % | (4.88) | % | |||||
| Adjusted return on average tangible equity (non-GAAP) | 14.42 | % | 16.90 | % | (2.48) | % | |||||
| Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 61.52 | % | 56.16 | % | 5.36 | % | |||||
| Balance Sheet and Liquidity | |||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 4,098,094 | $ | 4,010,353 | 2 | % | |||||
| Deposits | $ | 4,597,360 | $ | 4,826,929 | (5) | % | |||||
| Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.62 | 4 | % | |||||
| Uninsured and uncollateralized deposits to total deposits | 14.56 | % | 15.45 | % | (0.89) | % | |||||
| Available liquidity sources to uninsured and uncollateralized deposits | 201.67 | % | 205.23 | % | (3.56) | % | |||||
| Credit Quality and Capital | |||||||||||
| Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.13 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.04 | % | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.12 | % | 0.06 | % | 0.06 | % | |||||
| Allowance for credit losses on loans to total loans | 0.90 | % | 0.92 | % | (0.02) | % | |||||
| Total risk-based capital ratio | 14.36 | % | 13.80 | % | 0.56 | % | |||||
| Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) | 7.11 | % | 6.37 | % | 0.74 | % |
47
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Net interest income is the interest earned on our lending activities, investment securities and other interest-earning assets, less the interest paid on interest-bearing deposits and borrowings (i.e. our primary business activities). Net interest income, which is our largest source of revenue, accounted for 81%, 78% and 73% of total revenues for the years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net interest income is affected by factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, loan and deposit pricing strategies and competitive conditions, loan prepayment speeds, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the level of non-performing assets.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $133.2 million, a decrease of $15.5 million, or 10%, over 2022. The decrease consisted of a $68.9 million, or 275%, increase in interest expense, which was partially offset by an increase in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis of $53.5 million, or 31%, between periods.
•The Company’s average cost of funds for the year ended December 31, 2023 was 1.83%, compared to 0.51% for the year ended December 31, 2022, and was the driver for the increase in interest expense year-over-year. Our deposit and borrowing costs increased sharply during 2023 as the Federal Funds Rate reached a target range of 5.25% to 5.50% in 2023, and the average Effective Federal Funds Rate for 2023 was 5.03%, compared to an average of 1.68% for 2022.
The Company’s average deposit costs for the year ended December 31, 2023 were 1.56%, compared to 0.42% for the year ended December 31, 2022. Deposits costs were pressured throughout 2023 due to the increase in short-term rates. Other drivers of deposit costs included strong deposit competition within our markets, and more broadly across depository institutions, including in response to bank failures that occurred during the first half of 2023, as well as changes in the deposit remix as depositors moved deposits to higher interest-earning deposit accounts. During 2023, the pace at which deposit customers began deploying their excess cash into higher interest-earning deposit accounts accelerated, and this change in deposit remix drove an increase in money market and CD balances and a decrease in low-cost deposits accounts (e.g., non-interest-bearing checking and savings accounts).
The Company’s average cost of borrowings for the year ended December 31, 2023 was 3.58%, compared to 1.35% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was driven by the sharp increase in short-term interest between years, but also was due to the increased average borrowings of $196.1 million, or 42%, needed to help support average interest-earning asset growth of $211.2 million, or 4%, between years.
•The increase in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis was also primarily driven by the higher interest rate environment between years. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company’s yield on average interest-earning assets was 4.19%, compared to 3.34% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The average 10-year U.S. Treasury Rate for 2023 was 3.96%, compared to 2.95% for 2022.
The Company’s average loan yield was 4.80% for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of 90 basis points over 2022. Throughout 2023, we reinvested loan and investment cash flows received primarily back into loans at current market rates supporting yield expansion. During 2023, average loan balances increased 10% compared to 2022 contributing interest income growth year-over-year.
The Company’s average investment yield was 2.28% for the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of 31 basis points over 2022. The increase in investment yield was driven by reinvesting the cash flows from the Company’s lower yielding investments and the proceeds of the sale of $126.8 million of lower yielding investments at a pre-tax investment loss of $10.3 million into higher interest-earnings assets. The increase in our investment yield was able to drive an increase in interest income on investments year-over-year and fully offset the impact of a decrease in average investment balances of 10% between years.
Net Interest Margin. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Our net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was 2.46% and 2.86%, respectively.
The following table presents, for the periods noted, average balances, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid, as well as net interest income, net interest rate spread and net interest margin:
48
| Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | 33,676 | $ | 1,851 | 5.50 | % | $ | 52,068 | $ | 514 | 0.99 | % | $ | 268,879 | $ | 322 | 0.12 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | 1,203,445 | 26,088 | 2.17 | % | 1,329,586 | 24,468 | 1.84 | % | 1,189,895 | 19,724 | 1.66 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable(2) | 100,614 | 3,706 | 3.68 | % | 111,113 | 3,919 | 3.53 | % | 115,169 | 3,798 | 3.30 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(3): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 1,659,078 | 80,182 | 4.83 | % | 1,532,225 | 61,452 | 4.01 | % | 1,412,884 | 51,488 | 3.64 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial(2) | 398,465 | 23,872 | 5.99 | % | 396,000 | 16,494 | 4.17 | % | 340,727 | 12,959 | 3.80 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | 483 | 14 | 2.99 | % | 6,999 | 1,254 | 17.91 | % | 118,414 | 8,170 | 6.90 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal(2) | 16,702 | 674 | 4.04 | % | 19,305 | 618 | 3.20 | % | 20,529 | 691 | 3.37 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,748,076 | 71,566 | 4.09 | % | 1,511,985 | 52,738 | 3.49 | % | 1,156,698 | 41,792 | 3.61 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 253,877 | 19,194 | 7.56 | % | 243,901 | 12,268 | 5.03 | % | 250,061 | 10,528 | 4.21 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | 4,076,681 | 195,502 | 4.80 | % | 3,710,415 | 144,824 | 3.90 | % | 3,299,313 | 125,628 | 3.81 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 5,414,416 | 227,147 | 4.19 | % | 5,203,182 | 173,725 | 3.34 | % | 4,873,256 | 149,472 | 3.07 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 65,396 | 49,744 | 51,983 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 264,479 | 270,111 | 364,740 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: ACL | (36,965) | (34,237) | (34,433) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,707,326 | $ | 5,488,800 | $ | 5,255,546 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 1,020,045 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 1,206,383 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 1,083,357 | $ | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 1,614,598 | 37,205 | 2.30 | % | 1,502,896 | 11,569 | 0.77 | % | 1,297,695 | 2,512 | 0.19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings | 675,478 | 788 | 0.12 | % | 760,264 | 343 | 0.05 | % | 675,533 | 277 | 0.04 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 717,478 | 19,210 | 2.68 | % | 706,934 | 5,341 | 0.76 | % | 706,474 | 2,075 | 0.29 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 453,723 | 12,927 | 2.85 | % | 295,586 | 1,481 | 0.50 | % | 333,352 | 1,782 | 0.53 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 4,481,322 | 70,130 | 1.56 | % | 4,472,063 | 18,734 | 0.42 | % | 4,096,411 | 6,646 | 0.16 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 184,709 | 8,754 | 4.74 | % | 130,455 | 1,571 | 1.20 | % | 282,399 | 1,274 | 0.45 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | 191,646 | 2,847 | 1.49 | % | 215,761 | 1,103 | 0.51 | % | 185,246 | 570 | 0.31 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debentures | 44,331 | 2,150 | 4.85 | % | 44,331 | 2,140 | 4.83 | % | 48,605 | 2,523 | 5.19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 246,058 | 10,102 | 4.11 | % | 80,100 | 1,546 | 1.93 | % | 3,562 | 35 | 0.99 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total borrowings | 666,744 | 23,853 | 3.58 | % | 470,647 | 6,360 | 1.35 | % | 519,812 | 4,402 | 0.85 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total funding liabilities | 5,148,066 | 93,983 | 1.83 | % | 4,942,710 | 25,094 | 0.51 | % | 4,616,223 | 11,048 | 0.24 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 92,543 | 78,845 | 96,598 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 466,717 | 467,245 | 542,725 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities & shareholders’ equity | $ | 5,707,326 | $ | 5,488,800 | $ | 5,255,546 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | 133,164 | 148,631 | 138,424 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: fully-taxable equivalent adjustment | (901) | (937) | (988) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 132,263 | $ | 147,694 | $ | 137,436 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.36 | % | 2.83 | % | 2.83 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.46 | % | 2.86 | % | 2.84 | % |
(1) Reported average balances are calculated on a daily basis.
(2) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis calculated using a 21% tax rate, including certain commercial loans.
(3) Non-accrual loans and loans held for sale are included in total average loans.
49
The following table presents certain information on a fully-taxable equivalent basis regarding changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes attributable to rate and volume. The (a) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior year's rate), (b) changes in rates (change in rate multiplied by current year's volume), and (c) changes in rate/volume (change in rate multiplied by the change in volume), which is allocated to the change due to rate column.
| For the Year EndedDecember 31, 2023 vs. December 31, 2022 | For the Year EndedDecember 31, 2022 vs. December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Volume | Rate | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | (145) | $ | 1,482 | $ | 1,337 | $ | (260) | $ | 452 | $ | 192 | |||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | (2,321) | 3,941 | 1,620 | 2,319 | 2,425 | 4,744 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable | (371) | 158 | (213) | (134) | 255 | 121 | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 5,138 | 12,916 | 18,054 | 4,344 | 5,620 | 9,964 | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 102 | 7,307 | 7,409 | 2,100 | 1,435 | 3,535 | |||||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | (1,167) | (73) | (1,240) | (7,688) | 772 | (6,916) | |||||||||||||||||
| Municipal | (83) | 139 | 56 | (41) | (32) | (73) | |||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 8,145 | 11,328 | 19,473 | 12,826 | (1,880) | 10,946 | |||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 502 | 6,424 | 6,926 | (259) | 1,999 | 1,740 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 9,800 | 43,622 | 53,422 | 13,207 | 11,046 | 24,253 | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 860 | 24,776 | 25,636 | 390 | 8,667 | 9,057 | |||||||||||||||||
| Savings | (42) | 487 | 445 | 34 | 32 | 66 | |||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 80 | 13,789 | 13,869 | 1 | 3,265 | 3,266 | |||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 791 | 10,655 | 11,446 | (200) | (101) | (301) | |||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 651 | 6,532 | 7,183 | (684) | 981 | 297 | |||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | (123) | 1,867 | 1,744 | 94 | 439 | 533 | |||||||||||||||||
| Junior subordinated debentures | — | 10 | 10 | (222) | (161) | (383) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 3,203 | 5,353 | 8,556 | 758 | 753 | 1,511 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 5,420 | 63,469 | 68,889 | 171 | 13,875 | 14,046 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | $ | 4,380 | $ | (19,847) | $ | (15,467) | $ | 13,036 | $ | (2,829) | $ | 10,207 |
Net interest income included the following for the periods indicated:
| Income Statement Location | For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Interest income from residential real estate derivatives | Interest income | $ | 4,682 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
| Loan fees(1) | Interest income | 340 | 261 | 7,156 | |||||||||
| Net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting | Interest income and Interest expense | 145 | 281 | 689 | |||||||||
| Recoveries on previously charged-off acquired loans | Interest income | 88 | 217 | 226 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 5,255 | $ | 759 | $ | 8,071 |
(1) For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $10,000, $1.2 million and $6.9 million of fees associated with SBA PPP loan originations.
50
The Company's consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements presented within have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of the financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars and, in some cases, current fair values without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and virtually all of our liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the general level of inflation. Over short periods of time, interest rates and the yield curve may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as inflation.
Provision for Credit Losses
For the years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company has accounted for its provision for credit losses in accordance with ASU 2016-13, commonly referred to as the “CECL” standard. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for the Company's accounting and policies for the ACL.
The provision for credit losses was made up of the following components for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2023 to 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses | $ | 1,174 | $ | 4,430 | $ | (3,817) | $ | (3,256) | (73) | % | |||||||||
| (Credit) provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures | (912) | 70 | 627 | (982) | N.M. | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses - HTM debt securities | 1,838 | — | — | 1,838 | N.M. | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | $ | 2,100 | $ | 4,500 | $ | (3,190) | $ | (2,400) | (53) | % |
Provision (credit) for loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the provision for loan losses of $1.2 million was driven by loan growth of 2% and net charge-offs of 0.03% of average loans for the year.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, the provision for loan losses was $4.4 million and was driven by loan growth of 17% and net charge-offs of 0.02% of average loans, partially offset by a release of $5.0 million of additional reserves provided for certain commercial real estate loans at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic due to the heightened credit risk at that time.
The Company’s asset quality remained strong at December 31, 2023 and 2022. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality” for further details.
Provision for credit losses on off-balance credit exposures. At December 31, 2023, the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $2.4 million, as compared to $3.3 million as of December 31, 2022. The decrease was driven by the decrease in unfunded credit lines of $79.2 million and decrease in the residential and commercial pipelines of $31.9 million between periods.
Provision for HTM debt securities: In the first quarter of 2023, the Company fully wrote-off of one Signature Bank corporate bond as Signature Bank failed. There was no additional provision expense recorded for 2023, and there was no provision expense recorded for the Company’s HTM portfolio for 2022.
51
Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest income for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2023 to 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
| Debit card income | $ | 12,613 | $ | 13,340 | $ | 13,105 | $ | (727) | (5) | % | |||||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 7,839 | 7,587 | 6,626 | 252 | 3 | % | |||||||||||||
| Income from fiduciary services | 6,669 | 6,407 | 6,516 | 262 | 4 | % | |||||||||||||
| Mortgage banking income, net | 2,921 | 4,221 | 13,704 | (1,300) | (31) | % | |||||||||||||
| Brokerage and insurance commissions | 4,650 | 4,147 | 3,913 | 503 | 12 | % | |||||||||||||
| Bank-owned life insurance | 2,349 | 1,901 | 2,364 | 448 | 24 | % | |||||||||||||
| Net loss on sale of securities | (10,310) | (912) | — | (9,398) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 4,303 | 4,011 | 3,507 | 292 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total non-interest income | $ | 31,034 | $ | 40,702 | $ | 49,735 | $ | (9,668) | (24) | % | |||||||||
| Non-interest income as a percentage of total revenues(1) | 19 | % | 22 | % | 27 | % |
(1) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Debit card income represents the interchange fees earned from debit card transactions of our business and consumer checking account customers, and the annual incentive bonus received from our network provider. The decrease between periods was driven by the decrease in average earning rate between periods. Additionally customer spend increased 2%, which was lower than the 2022 increase of 4% that resulted in a lower annual incentive bonus from Visa of $400,000.
Service charges on deposit accounts represents the fees earned from providing various services to deposit customers, including overdraft, normal fees for servicing deposit accounts, and cash management fees for business customers. In 2022, the Company stopped charging its depositors non-sufficient fund fees. Overdraft fee income for the year ended 2023 was $5.4 million, and overdraft fee income and non-sufficient fund fees for the year ended 2022 was $5.3 million.
Income from fiduciary services represents the fees earned for investment advisory and trust services provided by Camden National Wealth Management. The fees earned are primarily a percentage of our clients' assets under management. Assets under management were $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2023, representing an increase of 10% over 2022.
Mortgage banking income, net is generated through the sale of residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors and also includes income recognized upon the sale of residential mortgages in which we maintain the servicing rights creating a mortgage servicing asset, net of related amortization of the capitalized mortgage servicing asset. Our practice has been to sell the servicing rights for residential mortgages originated, except for certain third party relationships that require the Company to service the loan.
The decrease in mortgage banking income, net for the year ended 2023 compared to 2022, was driven by a 49% decrease in residential mortgage production between years as purchase and refinance activity began to slow in the second half of 2022 and continued throughout 2023 as interest rates increased. In response to the interest rate environment, we shifted our loan pricing strategy in 2023 to slow our on-books loan production given the focus on deposits, net interest margin and asset quality, this included selling more of our residential mortgage production. For the year ended 2023, we sold 49% of our residential mortgage production, compared to 20% in 2022.
Brokerage and insurance commissions represent the fees earned for brokerage services, investment advisory and insurance services provided by the Bank, doing business as Camden Financial Consultants. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2023 over 2022 was driven by a 17% increase in assets under administration to $796.7 million as of December 31, 2023.
Bank-owned life insurance represents the change in cash surrender value of the Company's various BOLI policies in place for certain current and former officers of the Company and Bank. The change in cash surrender value reflects the performance of the underlying investments of the policies. In 2022 there was a decrease of $387,000 due to the underlying investments in one of the Company's BOLI contracts dropping below its stable value wrapper. There were no decreases in the market value of these underlying investments in 2023.
52
Net loss on sale of securities represents the realized (loss) gain upon sale of our debt investments. In 2023, we
executed investment sales that resulted in pre-tax losses of $10.3 million. The trades were completed to reposition a portion of our balance sheet and are expected to improve future earnings and profitability through the reinvestment of $126.8 million of cash proceeds through balance sheet optimization.
In 2022, we executed investment sales that resulted in pre-tax losses of $912,000. The trades were completed to reposition a portion of our balance and are expected to improve future earnings and profitability through the reinvestment of $37.3 million of cash proceeds through balance sheet optimization.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments,” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Other Income includes third party merchant and credit card commissions, customer loan swap fees and other miscellaneous fees and net gains on equity securities.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from2023 to 2022 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | $ | % | |||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 60,009 | $ | 62,019 | $ | 61,007 | $ | (2,010) | (3) | % | ||||||
| Furniture, equipment and data processing | 13,377 | 13,043 | 12,247 | 334 | 3 | % | ||||||||||
| Net occupancy costs | 7,674 | 7,578 | 7,532 | 96 | 1 | % | ||||||||||
| Debit card expense | 5,126 | 4,602 | 4,313 | 524 | 11 | % | ||||||||||
| Consulting and professional fees | 4,520 | 4,073 | 3,691 | 447 | 11 | % | ||||||||||
| Regulatory assessments | 3,413 | 2,338 | 2,074 | 1,075 | 46 | % | ||||||||||
| Amortization of core deposit intangible assets | 592 | 625 | 655 | (33) | (5) | % | ||||||||||
| OREO and collection costs (recoveries), net | 42 | 29 | (101) | 13 | 45 | % | ||||||||||
| Other expenses | 12,608 | 12,542 | 12,302 | 66 | 1 | % | ||||||||||
| Total non-interest expense | $ | 107,361 | $ | 106,849 | $ | 103,720 | $ | 512 | — | % | ||||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues | 65.75 | % | 56.72 | % | 55.41 | % | ||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 61.52 | % | 56.16 | % | 54.85 | % |
Salaries and employee benefits includes employee wages, commissions, incentives, equity compensation, employer-related taxes, insurance benefits, and other certain employee-related costs, net of direct employee-related costs incurred for loan originations. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily driven by: (1) a modest decrease in salary costs of $100,000 driven by a decrease in average full-time equivalent employees of 5% that fully offset normal annual merit and transition-related costs for our President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of $303,000, (2) a decrease in bonuses and incentives of $1.7 million based on annual financial performance and a decrease in average full-time equivalent employees along with a decrease in insurance costs of 13% driven by a change in insurance carriers in 2023 along with the decrease in average full-time equivalent employees.
Furniture, equipment and data processing includes depreciation expense of capitalized furniture, equipment and data-related costs, and ongoing system and other data processing costs, including outsourced solutions. The increase for the year ended 2023 over 2022 was driven by the Company’s continued investments in customer-facing technology platforms, internal systems and production platforms to drive increased productivity and efficiencies, and updates to various information security and resiliency-related systems and enhancements.
Net occupancy costs include building and property costs associated with the operation of our branches, loan production offices and service centers, including, but not limited to, rent, depreciation, maintenance and related taxes, net of rental income earned from the lease of office space.
Consulting and professional fees include third party consulting services and other professional fees, such as audit and tax services, legal services, and Company and Bank director fees. The increase in fees for 2023 were driven by legal, consulting and director-related costs for the succession and transition of our President and CEO of $372,000.
53
Debit card expense is the cost incurred for the generation of debit card income, including third party switch network provider fees and related data transmission costs, and plastic card costs for the generation of debit cards for checking account customers. The increase for the year ended 2023 over 2022 was driven by rising vendor costs, including fraud detection and prevention costs. Many of the costs associated with debit card expense are fixed per unit regardless of the activity that generates income, and, thus, an increase or decrease in debit card income may not necessarily directly correlate with the change in debit card expense year-over-year.
Regulatory assessments are the costs incurred and paid to various regulatory agencies, including the FDIC and OCC. Regulatory assessment fees are based on a number of factors, including but not limited to, asset growth, regulator risk assessment and positive or negative trends specific to the financial institution. The increase for the year ended December 31, 2023 over 2022 was primarily driven by the increase in FDIC assessment fees of 2 basis points for all insured banks, effective January 1, 2023.
OREO and collection costs, net include the costs associated with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts for the Company's loans. Should asset quality metrics deteriorate in 2024, the costs associated with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts likely would increase.
Amortization of core deposit intangible assets represents the amortization expense on core deposit intangible assets. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets,” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further details.
Other expenses include employee-related costs, such as certain SERP and other postretirement benefits expenses; hiring, training, education, meeting and business travel costs; donations and marketing costs; postage, freight and courier costs; and other expenses.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $10.5 million and $15.6 million, respectively, which resulted in an effective income tax rate of 19.4% for 2023 and 20.3% for 2022, respectively. The Company's effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 of 19.4% was lower than our marginal tax rate of 22.8%, which includes our 21.0% federal income tax rate and a 1.8% blended state income tax rate, net of federal tax benefit. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 over 2022 was primarily due to the decrease in income before income tax expense of $23.2 million, or 30%, compared to 2022, while our non-taxable interest income from municipal bonds and certain qualifying loans, non-taxable BOLI, and tax credits received on qualifying investments mix remained comparable to 2022.
The Company's deferred tax assets were $42.2 million and $50.2 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in deferred tax assets during 2023 was driven by the decrease in unrealized losses on the AFS investments portfolio, including the remaining losses from the investments transferred from AFS to HTM in June 2022. While not anticipated as of December 31, 2023, should the Company realize a loss on these investments, the loss would be characterized as an ordinary loss for income tax purposes and not as a capital loss, and thus would not carry restrictions on use of any such loss. We continuously monitor and assess the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, and we determined that no valuation allowance was necessary as of December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments,” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of investments.
Refer to Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of income taxes and related deferred tax assets and liabilities.
2022 Operating Results as Compared to 2021 Operating Results
Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 can be found in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Company’s 2022 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2023.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Total cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2023 were $99.8 million, compared to $75.4 million at December 31, 2022. Included within the Company’s cash and cash equivalents balances at December 31, 2023 and 2022, was cash held in escrow by the FHLBB as collateral posted by the counterparties for our derivatives in a net asset position at each reporting date totaling $15.4 million and $5.4 million, respectively. We actively, and the counterparty, manage these cash accounts daily. Refer to Notes 12 and 13 of the consolidated financial statements for additional detail on the Company’s derivatives and collateral.
Investments
The Company utilizes the investment portfolio to manage liquidity, interest rate risk, and regulatory capital, as well as to take advantage of market conditions to generate returns without undue risk. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s investment portfolio generally consisted of MBS, CMO, municipal and corporate debt securities, FHLBB and FRB common stock, and mutual funds held in a rabbi trust for purposes of Company executive and director nonqualified retirement plans. We designate our debt securities as AFS or HTM based on our intent and investment strategy and they are carried at fair value or amortized cost, respectively. Our FHLBB and FRB common stock is carried at cost, and our mutual fund investments are carried at fair value. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, total investments were 21% and 22%, respectively, of total assets.
During 2023, we sold low yielding investments, that were designated as AFS, with a total book value of $137.1 million at a pre-tax loss of $10.3 million to adjust the Company's balance sheet in response to the sharp increase in interest rates during 2022 and 2023. Total proceeds from the sale of $126.8 million were used to optimize the balance sheet, which included reinvesting a portion of the proceeds to purchase new investments at current market rates, and is expected to generate future earnings and improve profitability.
In the second quarter of 2022, we transferred securities from AFS to HTM to help manage our capital position in a rising interest rate environment. The securities were reclassified at fair value at the time of the transfer, which was a non-cash transaction. At December 31, 2023, the net unrealized losses on the transferred securities reported within AOCI were $46.9 million, net of a deferred tax asset of $12.8 million, and the weighted-average life on these securities was 8.5 years. At December 31, 2022, the net unrealized losses on the transferred securities reported within AOCI were $52.2 million, net of a deferred tax asset of $14.3 million and the weighted-average of these securities were 8.8 years.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's investments portfolio totaled $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, representing a decrease of $68.4 million, or 5%, for the year ended December 31, 2023. Given the interest rate environment, our primary strategy throughout 2023 was to redeploy normal cash flows from paydowns, calls and maturities to fund our loan growth of 2%. The primary components for the change in total investments for the year ended 2023 were:
•Paydowns, calls and maturities of $98.4 million;
•Sale of $137.1 million of AFS debt securities;
•Purchases of $126.8 million of debt securities during 2023 as described in more detail above;
•The change in the fair value of the Company's AFS debt securities of $13.6 million.
Our AFS debt securities portfolio, which comprised 53% and 55% of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, was carried at fair value using level 2 valuation techniques. Refer to Notes 1 and 21 of the consolidated financial statements for further details on the Company's fair value techniques.
The AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio has limited credit risk due to its composition, which includes securities backed by the U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies, and highly rated corporate and municipal bonds by nationally recognized rating agencies. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the book value of U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies represented approximately 91% and 88%, respectively, of the AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio. The book value of corporate and municipal bonds carrying a credit rating of “AA” or higher at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was 4% and 7%, respectively, of the AFS and HTM debt securities.
Our other investments on the consolidated statements of condition consist of FHLBB and FRB common stock. These investments are carried at cost. We are required to maintain a certain level of investment in FHLBB stock based on our level of FHLBB advances, and maintain a certain level of investment in FRB common stock based on the Bank's capital levels. As of
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December 31, 2023 and 2022, our investment in FHLBB stock totaled $10.0 million and $7.3 million, respectively, and our investment in FRB stock was $5.4 million at each date.
Our investments in mutual funds are designated as trading securities and carried at fair value. These investments are held within a rabbi trust and will be used for future payments associated with the Company’s Executive and Director Deferred Compensation Plan. These investments are carried at fair value using level 1 valuation techniques.
The following table sets forth the carrying value of AFS and HTM debt securities along with the percentage distribution as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | ||||||||||
| Trading Securities (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds | $ | 4,647 | — | % | $ | 3,990 | — | % | ||||||
| Total trading securities | 4,647 | — | % | 3,990 | — | % | ||||||||
| AFS Debt Investments (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | — | — | % | — | — | % | ||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 6,386 | — | % | 49,226 | 4 | % | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 460,091 | 39 | % | 514,019 | 41 | % | ||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 141,011 | 12 | % | 109,347 | 9 | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 18,320 | 2 | % | 23,283 | 2 | % | ||||||||
| Total AFS debt investments | 625,808 | 53 | % | 695,875 | 56 | % | ||||||||
| HTM Debt Investments (carried at amortized cost): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 7,593 | 1 | % | 7,457 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 56,262 | 5 | % | 55,978 | 4 | % | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 304,850 | 26 | % | 317,406 | 25 | % | ||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 157,118 | 13 | % | 145,069 | 12 | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 19,108 | 1 | % | 20,673 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total HTM debt investments | 544,931 | 46 | % | 546,583 | 43 | % | ||||||||
| Other Investments (carried at cost): | ||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock | 10,020 | 1 | % | 7,339 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| FRB stock | 5,374 | — | % | 5,374 | — | % | ||||||||
| Total other investments | 15,394 | 1 | % | 12,713 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,190,780 | 100 | % | $ | 1,259,161 | 100 | % |
We continuously monitor and evaluate our investment securities portfolio to identify and assess risks within our portfolio, including, but not limited to, the impact of the current rate environment and the related prepayment risk, and credit ratings. The overall mix of debt securities at December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 remains relatively unchanged and well positioned to provide a stable source of cash flow. The duration of our debt investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2023 was 5.7 years, compared to 5.8 years at December 31, 2022. The weighted average life of our debt securities portfolio remained consistent at 7.8 years at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
The Company’s AFS debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position are assessed to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required in accordance with ASU 2016-13. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we did not record any allowances or write-down any of our AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for AFS investments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023.
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We assess our HTM debt securities each reporting period to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required. In the first quarter of 2023, we wrote-off a $1.8 million corporate bond issued by Signature Bank due to Signature Bank's failure through provision expense on the consolidated statements of income. This corporate bond was designated as HTM and previously carried no ACL. In January 2024, we sold the Signature Bank securities and recovered $910,000 of the book value of the security. We completed a review of our HTM investment portfolio as of December 31, 2023, and concluded that no ACL was warranted on any of the remaining bonds at this time. The fair value and book value of the Company's corporate bonds and municipal securities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows:
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | # of Securities | Fair Value | Book Value | Net Unrealized Gain (Loss) | # of Securities | Fair Value | Book Value | Net Unrealized Loss | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal bonds | 55 | $ | 63,159 | $ | 62,691 | $ | 468 | 139 | $ | 104,025 | $ | 105,656 | $ | (1,631) | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | 20 | 37,714 | 40,790 | (3,076) | 22 | 44,012 | 46,350 | (2,338) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 75 | $ | 100,873 | $ | 103,481 | $ | (2,608) | 161 | $ | 148,037 | $ | 152,006 | $ | (3,969) |
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, municipal bonds were 5% and 8% of the book value of the total bond portfolio, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, all municipal bonds carried an investment-grade credit rating.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, corporate bonds were 3% and 4% of the book value of the total bond portfolio, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, corporate bonds with a book value of $31.2 million and $36.9 million, or 77% and 80% of the corporate bond portfolio, carried an investment-grade credit rating. The remaining $9.6 million and $9.4 million of book value, or 23% and 20% of the corporate bond portfolio, were non-rated corporate bonds of community banks within our markets. As of December 31, 2023, the corporate bond portfolio was made up of 18 different companies, which included 16 different banks. The banks in the portfolio range from the largest U.S. banks to community banks, with 32% of our exposure as of December 31, 2023, being to global systemically important banks, or "G-SIBs." A limited number of our rated corporate bonds have been downgraded in 2023 as a result of stress in the banking system, although all remain investment-grade as of December 31, 2023. We continue to monitor and analyze the performance of our corporate bond portfolio.
As of and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we did not record any allowances or write-down any of our HTM debt securities . Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for HTM investments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
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The following table presents the book value and fully-taxable equivalent weighted-average yields of debt investments by contractual maturity and the carrying value of other investments, for the periods indicated. Actual maturities of debt investments may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay.
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 – 5 years | Due in 5 – 10 years | Due in over 10 years | Amortized Cost | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,593 | $ | — | $ | 7,593 | $ | 7,457 | |||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 1,503 | 2,105 | 14,388 | 44,695 | 62,691 | 105,656 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 5,000 | 12,584 | 138,314 | 674,391 | 830,289 | 916,252 | |||||||||||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | — | — | 39,557 | 266,948 | 306,505 | 267,829 | |||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | — | 10,520 | 30,270 | — | 40,790 | 46,350 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt investments | $ | 6,503 | $ | 25,209 | $ | 230,122 | $ | 986,034 | $ | 1,247,868 | $ | 1,343,544 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average yield on debt securities(1) | 2.68 | % | 3.45 | % | 3.71 | % | 2.81 | % | 2.98 | % | 2.65 | % | |||||||||||
| Other investments(2): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds (fair value) | $ | 4,647 | $ | 3,990 | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock (cost) | 10,020 | 7,339 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FRB stock (cost) | 5,374 | 5,374 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other investments | $ | 20,041 | $ | 16,703 |
(1) Weighted average is calculated by dividing the book value by the book value times tax yield.
(2) There is no scheduled maturity date.
Loans
The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio at the dates indicated, as well as the change during 2023:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 1,370,446 | 33 | % | $ | 1,292,443 | 32 | % | $ | 78,003 | 6 | % | |||||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 301,860 | 7 | % | 332,494 | 8 | % | (30,634) | (9) | % | ||||||||||||
| Commercial | 403,901 | 10 | % | 430,131 | 11 | % | (26,230) | (6) | % | ||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,763,378 | 43 | % | 1,700,266 | 42 | % | 63,112 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 258,509 | 6 | % | 255,019 | 6 | % | 3,490 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 4,098,094 | 100 | % | $ | 4,010,353 | 100 | % | $ | 87,741 | 2 | % | |||||||||
| Loan portfolio mix: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | $ | 2,076,207 | 51 | % | $ | 2,055,068 | 51 | % | $ | 21,139 | 1 | % | |||||||||
| Retail | $ | 2,021,887 | 49 | % | $ | 1,955,285 | 49 | % | $ | 66,602 | 3 | % |
Refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details on our loan segmentation and risks as of December 31, 2023.
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At December 31, 2023 and 2022, 35% and 34% of the consumer loan portfolio was unsecured, respectively. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, 53% and 47% of the home equity portfolio was secured by a junior lien position, respectively.
Portfolio Concentrations
The Company provides loans primarily to customers located within our geographic market area. Our primary markets continue to be in Maine, making up 68% and 70% of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Massachusetts and New Hampshire are our second and third largest markets, making up 16% and 10%, respectively, of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023, compared to 15% and 9%, respectively, as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, our distribution channels include 56 branches within Maine, two locations in New Hampshire, including a branch in Portsmouth and a commercial loan production office in Manchester, a mortgage loan production office in Braintree, Massachusetts, and an online residential mortgage and small business digital loan platform.
At December 31, 2023, the non-residential building operators' industry (operators of commercial and industrial buildings, retail establishments, theaters, banks and insurance buildings) and lessors of residential buildings industry (lessors of buildings used as residences, such as single-family homes, apartments and town houses) concentrations were 33% and 28% of our total commercial real estate portfolio and 13% and 11% of total loans, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the non-residential building operators’ industry and lessors of residential building industry concentrations were 34% and 28%, respectively, of total commercial real estate portfolio and 14% and 11% of total loans. At December 31, 2023, there were no other industry concentrations within our loan portfolio that exceeded 10% of total loans.
The table below summarizes the industry concentrations of the commercial loan portfolio at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Commercial Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Commercial Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Real estate investment(1) | $ | 1,057,148 | 51 | % | $ | 1,015,377 | 49 | % | $ | 41,771 | 4 | % | |||||||||
| Lodging | 229,017 | 11 | % | 201,387 | 10 | % | 27,630 | 14 | % | ||||||||||||
| Retail trade | 116,623 | 6 | % | 108,883 | 5 | % | 7,740 | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
| Health care | 95,801 | 5 | % | 106,660 | 5 | % | (10,859) | (10) | % | ||||||||||||
| Manufacturing | 74,089 | 4 | % | 83,971 | 4 | % | (9,882) | (12) | % | ||||||||||||
| Construction | 73,936 | 4 | % | 79,828 | 4 | % | (5,892) | (7) | % | ||||||||||||
| Wholesale trade | 67,512 | 3 | % | 69,274 | 3 | % | (1,762) | (3) | % | ||||||||||||
| Finance and insurance | 66,038 | 3 | % | 61,679 | 3 | % | 4,359 | 7 | % | ||||||||||||
| Other (each 3%) | 296,043 | 14 | % | 328,009 | 16 | % | (31,966) | (10) | % | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,076,207 | 100 | % | $ | 2,055,068 | 100 | % | $ | 21,139 | 1 | % | |||||||||
| Commercial loan portfolio mix: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 1,370,446 | 66 | % | $ | 1,292,443 | 63 | % | 78,003 | 6 | % | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 301,860 | 15 | % | 332,494 | 16 | % | (30,634) | (9) | % | ||||||||||||
| Commercial | 403,901 | 19 | % | 430,131 | 21 | % | (26,230) | (6) | % | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,076,207 | 100 | % | $ | 2,055,068 | 100 | % | $ | 21,139 | 1 | % |
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(1) The following table summarizes the real estate investment loan portfolio, by property type as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Real Estate Investment Portfolio | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Real Estate Investment Portfolio | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Multi-family (5+ units)(a) | $ | 274,181 | 26 | % | 7 | % | $ | 259,137 | 26 | % | 6 | % | $ | 15,044 | 6 | % | |||||||||||
| Office(b) | 169,904 | 16 | % | 4 | % | 183,262 | 18 | % | 5 | % | (13,358) | (7) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Retail | 167,865 | 16 | % | 4 | % | 170,708 | 17 | % | 4 | % | (2,843) | (2) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Industrial | 164,021 | 16 | % | 4 | % | 146,821 | 14 | % | 4 | % | 17,200 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Multi-family (1-4 units)(c) | 153,166 | 14 | % | 4 | % | 124,737 | 12 | % | 3 | % | 28,429 | 23 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Other(d) | 128,011 | 12 | % | 3 | % | 130,712 | 13 | % | 3 | % | (2,701) | (2) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,057,148 | 100 | % | 26 | % | $ | 1,015,377 | 100 | % | 25 | % | $ | 41,771 | 30 | % |
(a) Multi-family (5+ units) loans are primarily located in non-urban locations, including 79% in Maine, 11% in Massachusetts, and 8% in New Hampshire at December 31, 2023.
(b) Office loans are located in non-urban locations, including 52% in Maine, 26% in New Hampshire, and 22% in Massachusetts at December 31, 2023.
(c) Represents multi-family (1-4 units) that are used for commercial purposes.
(d) Other includes multiple property types that individually are less than 5% of the real estate investment portfolio and individually are 1% or less of the total loan portfolio.
Related Party Transactions
The Bank is permitted, in its normal course of business, to make loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank under terms that are consistent with the Bank’s lending policies and regulatory requirements. In addition to extending loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank on terms consistent with the Bank’s lending policies, federal banking regulations also require training, audit and examination of the adherence to this policy (also known as “Regulation O” requirements). Note 3 and Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements provide information on related party lending and deposit transactions, respectively. We have not entered into significant related party transactions.
Asset Quality
Asset quality is of the upmost importance to the Company, and continues to be of great focus given current market conditions. Our practice is to manage the Company's loan portfolio proactively so that we are able to effectively identify problem credits and trends early, assess and implement effective work-out strategies, and take charge-offs as promptly as practical. In addition, the Company continuously reassesses its underwriting standards in response to credit risk posed by changes in economic conditions. The Company continues to dedicate significant resources to monitor and manage credit risk throughout our loan portfolio and includes management and board-level oversight as follows:
•The Credit Risk team, Collection and Special Assets team and the Credit Risk Policy Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Collections and Special Assets, Risk, and Commercial and Retail Banking, oversee the Company's systems and procedures to monitor the credit quality of its loan portfolio, conduct a loan review program, and maintain the integrity of the loan rating system.
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•The adequacy of the ACL is overseen by the Management Provision Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various Company executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Collections and Special Assets, Compliance, and Commercial and Retail Banking. The Management Provision Committee supports the oversight efforts of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
•The Directors' Credit Committee of the Board of Directors reviews large credit exposures, monitors external loan review reports, reviews the lending authority for individual loan officers when required, and has approval authority and responsibility for all matters regarding the loan policy and other credit-related policies, including reviewing and monitoring asset quality trends, and concentration levels.
•The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has approval authority and oversight responsibility for the ACL adequacy and methodology.
Non-Performing Assets. Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, accruing TDRs prior to the Company's adoption of ASU 2022-02, and property acquired through foreclosure or repossession. The following table sets forth the composition and amount of our non-performing loans as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
| Non-accrual loans: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 262 | $ | 11 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 124 | 46 | |||||
| Commercial | 1,725 | 715 | |||||
| Residential real estate | 2,539 | 1,733 | |||||
| Consumer and home equity | 798 | 486 | |||||
| Total non-accrual loans | 5,448 | 2,991 | |||||
| Accruing loans past due 90 days | — | — | |||||
| Accruing TDRs prior to ASU 2022-02 adoption not included above | 1,990 | 2,114 | |||||
| Total non-performing loans | 7,438 | 5,105 | |||||
| Other real estate owned | — | — | |||||
| Total non-performing assets | $ | 7,438 | $ | 5,105 | |||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 4,098,094 | $ | 4,010,353 | |||
| Total assets | $ | 5,714,506 | $ | 5,671,850 | |||
| ACL on loans | $ | 36,935 | $ | 36,922 | |||
| ACL on loans to non-accrual loans | 677.96 | % | 1,234.44 | % | |||
| Non-accrual loans to total loans | 0.13 | % | 0.07 | % | |||
| Non-performing loans to total loans | 0.18 | % | 0.13 | % | |||
| Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.13 | % | 0.09 | % |
Generally, a loan is classified as non-accrual when interest and/or principal payments are 90 days past due or when management believes collecting all principal and interest owed is in doubt. All previously accrued but unpaid interest on non-accrual loans is reversed from interest income in the current period. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans are applied as a reduction of principal. A loan remains on non-accrual status until all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, all future principal and interest payments are reasonably assured, and a consistent repayment record, generally six consecutive payments, has been demonstrated. At that time, we may reclassify the loan to performing. For loans that were previously qualified as TDRs prior to ASU 2022-02, we will classify the interest collected as interest income once the aforementioned criteria for non-accrual loans is met and demonstrated. However, loans classified as TDRs prior to ASU 2022-02 remain classified as such for the life of the loan, except in limited circumstances, when it is determined that the borrower is performing under the modified terms and (i) the loan is subsequently restructured and re-written in a new agreement at an interest rate greater than or equal to an acceptable market rate for a comparable new loan at the time of the restructuring, and (ii) there has been no principal forgiveness.
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The following table highlights the interest income that would have been recognized if loans on non-accrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms (i.e., “foregone interest income”) and the interest income recognized on non-performing loans and performing TDRs for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| Foregone interest income | $ | 131 | $ | 145 | $ | 256 | |||||
| Interest income recognized on non-performing loans and performing TDRs | 110 | 80 | 90 |
Potential Problem Loans. Potential problem loans consist of classified accruing commercial and commercial real estate loans that were 30-89 days past due. Such loans are characterized by weaknesses in the financial condition of our borrowers or collateral deficiencies. Based on historical experience, the credit quality of some of these loans may improve due to the financial condition of the borrowers or changes in collateral values, while the credit quality of other loans may deteriorate, resulting in some amount of loss. These loans are not included in the above analysis of non-accrual loans. At December 31, 2023, potential problem loans totaled $1.2 million.
Past Due Loans. Past due loans consist of accruing loans that were 30-89 days past due. The following table presents the recorded investment of past due loans at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 84 | $ | 267 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 656 | 55 | |||||
| Commercial | 2,007 | 801 | |||||
| Residential real estate | 1,290 | 1,038 | |||||
| Consumer and home equity | 922 | 391 | |||||
| Total loans 30-89 days past due | $ | 4,959 | $ | 2,552 | |||
| Total loans | $ | 4,098,094 | $ | 4,010,353 | |||
| Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.12 | % | 0.06 | % |
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ACL. The following table sets forth information concerning the components of our ACL for the periods indicated:
| At or For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, beginning of period | $ | 36,922 | $ | 33,256 | $ | 37,865 | |||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses | 1,174 | 4,430 | (3,817) | ||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)(1): | |||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 39 | (5) | (9) | ||||||||
| Commercial | 1,089 | 663 | 579 | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | (26) | 66 | (15) | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 59 | 40 | 237 | ||||||||
| Total net charge-offs | 1,161 | 764 | 792 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, end of the period | $ | 36,935 | $ | 36,922 | $ | 33,256 | |||||
| Components of ACL: | |||||||||||
| ACL on loans | $ | 36,935 | $ | 36,922 | $ | 33,256 | |||||
| ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 2,353 | 3,265 | 3,195 | ||||||||
| ACL, end of period | $ | 39,288 | $ | 40,187 | $ | 36,451 | |||||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 4,098,094 | $ | 4,010,353 | $ | 3,431,474 | |||||
| Average loans | $ | 4,076,681 | $ | 3,710,415 | $ | 3,299,313 | |||||
| Net charge-offs to average loans | 0.03 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | |||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses to average loans | 0.03 | % | 0.12 | % | (0.12) | % | |||||
| ACL on loans to total loans | 0.90 | % | 0.92 | % | 0.97 | % |
(1) Additional information related to (credit) provision for loan losses and net (charge-offs) recoveries is presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Total Charge-offs | Total Recoveries | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans | Ratio of Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 58 | $ | 19 | $ | 39 | $ | 1,659,078 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,560 | 471 | 1,089 | 415,650 | 0.26 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 18 | 44 | 44 | (26) | 1,748,076 | — | % | ||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 91 | 32 | 59 | 253,877 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,727 | $ | 566 | $ | 1,161 | $ | 4,076,681 | 0.03 | % | |||||||||||
| 2022: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | — | $ | 5 | $ | (5) | $ | 1,532,225 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,042 | 379 | 663 | 422,304 | 0.16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 66 | — | 66 | 1,511,985 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 134 | 94 | 40 | 243,901 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,242 | $ | 478 | $ | 764 | $ | 3,710,415 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||
| 2021: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | — | $ | 9 | $ | (9) | $ | 1,412,884 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 799 | 220 | 579 | 479,670 | 0.12 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 92 | 107 | (15) | 1,156,698 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 273 | 36 | 237 | 250,061 | 0.09 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,164 | $ | 372 | $ | 792 | $ | 3,299,313 | 0.02 | % |
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The following table sets forth information concerning the allocation of the ACL on loans by loan categories at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 16,581 | 33 | % | $ | 17,296 | 32 | % | ||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 2,290 | 7 | % | 2,362 | 8 | % | ||||||||
| Commercial | 4,869 | 10 | % | 5,446 | 11 | % | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | 10,254 | 43 | % | 9,089 | 42 | % | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 2,941 | 6 | % | 2,729 | 6 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 36,935 | 100 | % | $ | 36,922 | 100 | % |
Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of our CECL model macroeconomic factors (i.e. loss drivers), and refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion of the risk characteristics for each portfolio segment considered when evaluating the ACL, as well as factors driving the change in the ACL on loans at December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022.
Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets
Upon completion of an acquisition the Company will likely generate goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill represents the price paid in excess of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Through the acquisition of other financial institutions, core deposit intangible assets are recognized at the estimated fair value of the acquired non-maturity deposit customer relationships. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment as of November 30th annually, or more frequently as determined by management, and core deposit intangible assets are reviewed when a triggering event suggests such a review necessary.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, goodwill totaled $94.7 million. Through our annual impairment analysis performed as of November 30, 2023, we determined goodwill was not impaired. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of the testing performed.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, core deposit intangible assets totaled $971,000 and $1.6 million, respectively, and related amortization was $592,000, $625,000, and $655,000 for the years ended 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no indications of potential risk of impairment of core deposit intangible assets for any of the aforementioned years.
Investment in BOLI
BOLI is presented in the consolidated statements of condition at its cash surrender value. Increases in BOLI’s cash surrender value are reported as a component of non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
BOLI was $101.5 million and $99.1 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase year-over-year reflects the increase in the cash surrender value. BOLI provides a means to mitigate increasing employee benefit costs. We expect to benefit from the BOLI contracts as a result of the tax-free growth in cash surrender value and death benefits that are expected to be generated over time. The largest risk to the BOLI program is credit risk of the insurance carriers. At December 31, 2023, we had one stable value account (that is subject to a wrapper) and that totals 10% of the BOLI portfolio, while the remaining amounts of the BOLI portfolio are in general accounts. To mitigate risk, annual financial condition reviews are completed on all carriers and we impose internal policy limits so that no one carrier exceed 10% of Tier 1 capital plus the allowable ACL (as defined for regulatory purposes). BOLI is invested in the “general account” of quality insurance companies or in separate account products, 94% of our balances are with insurance carriers that had an A.M. Best rating of “B++” or better at December 31, 2023.
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Deposits
The Company receives checking, savings and time deposits primarily from customers located within our markets. Other forms of deposits include brokered deposits and deposits with the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry System (“CDARS”). The table below details the Company’s deposits, and change between periods, as of each date indicated:
| December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | $ | % | |||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 967,750 | 1,141,753 | $ | (174,003) | (15) | % | ||||||||
| Interest checking | 1,553,787 | 1,763,850 | (210,063) | (12) | % | ||||||||||
| Savings | 608,319 | 753,393 | (145,074) | (19) | % | ||||||||||
| Money market(1) | 756,082 | 686,229 | 69,853 | 10 | % | ||||||||||
| Core deposits (non-GAAP) | 3,885,938 | 4,345,225 | (459,287) | (11) | % | ||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 609,503 | 300,451 | 309,052 | 103 | % | ||||||||||
| Brokered deposits(2) | 101,919 | 181,253 | (79,334) | (44) | % | ||||||||||
| Total deposits | $ | 4,597,360 | $ | 4,826,929 | $ | (229,569) | (5) | % |
(1) Includes $61.5 million and $73.5 million of deposits from Camden National Wealth Management as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which represent client funds. These deposits fluctuate with changes in the portfolios of the clients of Camden National Wealth Management.
(2) At December 31, 2023 and 2022, brokered deposits consisted of $70.9 million and $82.3 million, respectively, of brokered money market balances and $31.0 million and $98.9 million, respectively, of brokered certificates of deposit (“CD”) balances.
The deposit landscape was highly competitive through 2023, and continues to be, as depositors looked to deploy excess liquidity into higher yielding, interest-bearing deposit accounts, and to ensure that their deposits are properly safeguarded in response to well-publicized failures of three larger regional banks in the first and second quarter of 2023. We continue to manage our deposits closely with a focus on maintaining and enhancing existing depositor relationships and developing new ones, while balancing the Company's overall funding cost and liquidity position.
The sharp increase in short-term interest rates in 2022 and 2023, highlighted by the upper limit of Federal Funds Target Rate increasing from 0.25% at January 1, 2022 to 4.50% at December 31, 2022, and reaching 5.50% in July 2023 and remaining at that level through December 31, 2023, has resulted in our customers, and more broadly across the banking industry, moving excess deposits from lower interest-earning accounts, including checking and savings accounts, to higher yielding accounts, including money market and CD. Throughout 2023, our CD product offering remained relatively short in term to provide the opportunity for CDs to reprice faster and manage our interest rate risk position to falling interest rates. The weighted-average life to maturity of our CD portfolio at December 31, 2023 was 6 months.
Another factor impacting deposits throughout 2023 was the decrease in average consumer deposit balances, primarily checking and savings accounts, which, in part, was due to depositors redeploying excess liquidity given the current interest rate environment as described above, but also likely reflects the shift in the overall financial position of the average consumer as average checking and savings account deposit balances from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 through mid-year 2022 steadily increased before reaching its peak. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's average checking and savings account deposit balance had decreased 10% and 17% compared to December 31, 2022, respectively.
We will supplement the Company’s funding using brokered deposits to manage overall funding costs, liquidity and our interest rate risk position. The Company’s brokered CDs of $31.0 million matured in February 2024, and we simultaneously entered into a new tranche totaling $75.0 million that are scheduled to mature in twelve months.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had no customer relationships that exceeded 10% of total deposits.
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Uninsured and Uncollateralized Deposits. Total deposits that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 were $1.1 billion, or 23% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2023, and $1.4 billion, or 29% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2022.
Total uninsured and uncollateralized deposits that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 and were not secured by pledged assets or any other guarantee of the Company totaled $669.5 million, or 15% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2023 and $745.9 million, or 16% of total deposits, as of December 31, 2022.
The balance of CDs that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 was $167.2 million, or 27% of CD balances, as of December 31, 2023, and $84.5 million, or 28% of CD balances, as of December 31, 2022. The total uninsured portion of these CDs was $93.7 million, or 15% and $62.5 million or 21% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Borrowings and Advances
We utilize a variety of funding sources to manage our borrowings, including, but not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances, customer and wholesale repurchase agreements, the Bank Term Funding Program (“BTFP”), and junior subordinated debentures. We proactively monitor our borrowings through Management and Board ALCO as part of prudent balance sheet, earnings, and liquidity management. As part of our liquidity management, we use internal designations of “short-term” and “long-term” borrowings, and manage our borrowings within each designation:
•Short-term borrowings include, but are not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances with maturity within one year of origination, the BTFP, and customer repurchase agreements; and
•Long-term borrowings may include, but are not limited to, FHLBB advances with maturity greater than one year, wholesale repurchase agreements, and junior subordinated debentures.
At December 31, 2023, short-term borrowings were $485.6 million, representing an increase of $220.4 million, or 83%, since December 31, 2022. The increase in short-term borrowings reflects the need for additional funding to support asset growth of 2% and a decrease in deposits of 5% during 2023. In May 2023, we leveraged the new facility, the BTFP, that was created by the FRB that was made available to depository institutions in response to the well-publicized bank failures during the first half of 2023. We utilized the BTFP for management of our overall funding cost and interest rate risk as it provided advantageous pricing and optionality features. The BTFP was not used because of concerns with the Company’s liquidity position. At December 31, 2023, we had borrowings from the BTFP of $135.0 million at an interest rate of 4.70% that were scheduled to mature in May 2024. In January 2024, we refinanced the existing BTFP borrowing of $135.0 million and borrowed an additional $90.0 million under the program all at an interest rate of 4.76%. The continued use of this facility was done, again, for purposes of managing our overall funding cost and interest rate risk position in 2024 and not because of concerns with the Company’s liquidity position.
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Short-Term Borrowings. The following table below provides certain information on our short-term borrowings at and for the period ended:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||
| FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 24,950 | $ | 18,725 | $ | — | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 141,318 | 52,908 | 297 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 189,400 | 102,225 | — | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 4.82 | % | 2.43 | % | 0.40 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 5.56 | % | 4.38 | % | — | % | |||||
| FHLBB advances (less than one year): | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 125,000 | $ | 50,000 | $ | — | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 104,740 | 27,192 | — | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 140,000 | 50,000 | — | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 3.14 | % | 2.94 | % | — | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 5.53 | % | 4.93 | % | — | % | |||||
| BTFP: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 135,000 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 89,510 | — | — | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 135,000 | — | — | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 4.70 | % | — | % | — | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 4.70 | % | — | % | — | % | |||||
| Customer repurchase agreements: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 200,657 | $ | 196,451 | $ | 211,608 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 191,646 | 215,761 | 185,246 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 210,140 | 268,876 | 217,320 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 1.49 | % | 0.51 | % | 0.31 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 1.56 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.25 | % |
Junior Subordinated Debentures. In connection with the formation of CCTA and UBCT, and the issuance and sale of trust preferred securities to the public, we received and had outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, junior subordinated debentures totaling $44.3 million.
FHLBB Collateral. FHLBB short-term and long-term borrowings are collateralized by a blanket lien on qualified collateral consisting primarily of loans with first mortgages secured by one- to four-family properties, certain commercial real estate loans, certain pledged investment securities and other qualified assets. The carrying value of residential real estate and commercial loans pledged as collateral was $1.9 billion and $1.8 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral at the FHLBB was $4.3 million and $22,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Shareholders’ Equity
Total shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2023 was $495.1 million, which was an increase of $43.8 million, or 10%, since December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by the following: (1) an increase in AOCI of $24.4 million driven by an increase in the fair value of the Company's AFS debt securities of $13.6 million and the increase from reclassification of the recognized loss of $10.3 million on sale of investments, net of tax; and (2) an increase in retained earnings of $18.9 million driven by net income of $43.4 million, partially offset by dividends declared of $24.5 million for the year ended 2023.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements, and the Bank met the capital ratios necessary to be considered “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework. There were
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no changes to the Company’s or the Bank's capital ratios that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2023 that would change the Company or Bank's regulatory capital categorization.
In January 2024, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 750,000 shares of the Company's common stock, representing approximately 5.0% of the Company's issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31, 2023. This program replaces the 2023 program and will continue until the earlier of: (1) the authorized number of shares are repurchased, (2) the Company's Board of Directors terminates the program or (3) January 4, 2025 (12 months from the announcement of the new program). Purchases under the new program may be made at the Company's discretion from time to time in the open market, through block trades or otherwise, and in privately negotiated transactions, subject to market conditions and other factors, and in accordance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
Refer to “—Capital Resources” and Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company's capital position.
The following table presents certain information regarding shareholders’ equity for the periods indicated:
| As of and For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| Financial Ratios | |||||||||||
| Average equity to average assets | 8.18 | % | 8.51 | % | 10.33 | % | |||||
| Common equity ratio | 8.66 | % | 7.96 | % | 9.84 | % | |||||
| Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) | 7.11 | % | 6.37 | % | 8.22 | % | |||||
| Dividend payout ratio | 56.38 | % | 38.76 | % | 32.03 | % | |||||
| Per Share Data | |||||||||||
| Book value per share | $ | 33.99 | $ | 30.98 | $ | 36.72 | |||||
| Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) | $ | 27.42 | $ | 24.37 | $ | 30.15 | |||||
| Dividends declared per share | $ | 1.68 | $ | 1.62 | $ | 1.48 |
LIQUIDITY
Our liquidity needs require the availability of cash to meet the withdrawal demands of depositors and credit commitments to borrowers. Liquidity is defined as our ability to maintain availability of funds to meet customer needs, as well as to support our asset base. The primary objective of liquidity management is to maintain a balance between sources and uses of funds to meet our cash flow needs in the most economical and expedient manner. Due to the potential for unexpected fluctuations in both deposits and loans, active management of liquidity is necessary. We maintain various sources of funding and levels of liquid assets and monitor liquidity in accordance with internal guidelines and all applicable regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's liquidity level exceeded its target. We believe that we currently have appropriate liquidity available to respond to demands. Sources of funds that we utilize consist of deposits; borrowings from the FHLBB and other sources; cash flows from loans and investments; and cash flows from operations, including other contractual obligations and commitments.
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During the first half of 2023, the banking industry experienced three high-profile bank failures, which led to an industry-wide increase in concerns related to liquidity, deposit outflows and eroding customer confidence in the banking system. Despite these developments and related recent volatility in the banking industry, our liquidity position continued to exceed our target levels and we believe we currently have appropriate liquidity available to respond to demands.
As of December 31, 2023, our primary liquidity sources available were as follows:
| (Dollars in thousands) | Amount | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Excess cash | $ | 17,584 | |
| Unpledged investment securities | 441,998 | ||
| Over collateralized securities pledging position | 65,877 | ||
| FHLBB | 664,536 | ||
| Fed Discount Window | 39,397 | ||
| BTFP(1) | 25,921 | ||
| Unsecured borrowing lines | 94,872 | ||
| Total available primary liquidity | $ | 1,350,185 |
(1) Effective March 11, 2024, the BTFP will no longer be an available borrowing facility.
Deposits. Deposits continue to represent our primary source of funds. As of December 31, 2023, total deposits were $4.6 billion, a decrease of 5% over December 31, 2022. Total deposit contraction during 2023 was driven by the decrease in core deposits (which exclude CDs and brokered deposits) (non-GAAP) of $459.3 million, or 11%. Time deposits are generally considered to be more interest rate sensitive than other deposits and, during 2023 the Company’s CD balance increased significantly due to interest rate changes in 2023. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Deposits” for additional discussion on the Company’s deposit mix and changes in deposit balances during 2023.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of CDs as of December 31, 2023:
| (In thousands) | CDs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 564,670 | |
| 1 year | 44,833 | ||
| Total | $ | 609,503 |
At December 31, 2023, the Company’s brokered deposits totaled $101.9 million and was comprised of $31.0 million of brokered CDs and $70.9 million of brokered money market accounts. The Company’s brokered CDs of $31.0 million at December 31, 2023 matured in January 2024, and we simultaneously entered into a new tranche totaling $75.0 million that are scheduled to mature in twelve months. The Company has established an internal policy limiting brokered deposit to 20% of the Bank’s assets and had approximately $1.0 billion of brokered capacity as of December 31, 2023. The brokered deposit limit falls within the Bank’s total borrowed funds limit that cannot exceed 50% of the Bank’s assets.
Borrowings. Borrowings are used to supplement deposits as a source of liquidity. Our primary sources of borrowings are with the FHLBB, federal funds and customer repurchase agreements, but may also include alternative sources such as various forms of subordinated debentures. For the year ended December 31, 2023, total borrowings increased $220.4 million, or 71%, to $529.9 million at December 31, 2023.
Our practice is to secure borrowings from the FHLBB with qualified commercial and residential real estate loans, home equity loans and certain investment securities. At December 31, 2023, our total borrowing capacity with FHLBB was $664.5 million.
In May 2023, the Company borrowed $135.0 million from the BTFP for a period of one year at a fixed rate of 4.70%. The BTFP, which is secured by the Company's investment securities at par, was scheduled to mature in May 2024. In January 2024, under the terms of the program, we exercised our prepayment option without penalty and refinanced the debt and added an additional $90.0 million. In total, the Company currently has $225.0 million of borrowings under the BTFP at a rate of 4.76% scheduled to mature in January 2025.
Customer repurchase agreements are secured by mortgage-backed securities and government-sponsored enterprises. Through the Bank, we also have available lines of credit with the FHLBB of $9.9 million, with a correspondent bank of $85.0
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million, and with the FRB Discount Window of $39.4 million as of December 31, 2023. We also believe that we have additional untapped access to the brokered deposit market and wholesale reverse repurchase transaction market. These sources are considered as liquidity alternatives in our contingent liquidity plan.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of borrowings as of December 31, 2023:
| (In thousands) | Bank Term Funding Program | FHLBB Advances | Customer Repurchase Agreements | Subordinated Debentures | Total | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 135,000 | $ | 149,950 | $ | 200,657 | $ | — | $ | 485,607 | |||||||||
| 1 year | — | — | — | 44,331 | 44,331 | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 135,000 | $ | 149,950 | $ | 200,657 | $ | 44,331 | $ | 529,938 |
Loans. Contractual loan repayments also affect our liquidity position. Actual speed and timing of repayment may differ materially from contract terms due to prepayments or nonpayment. The Company's residential mortgage loan portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of loans on the secondary market, as needed. As of December 31, 2023, qualifying loans with a book value of $1.9 billion were pledged as collateral.
The following table presents the contractual maturities of loans at the date indicated:
| December 31, 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 Year or Less | Due after 1 Year Through 5 Years | Due After 5 Years Through 15 Years | Due in More than 15 Years | Total | Percent of Total Loans | |||||||||||||||||
| Maturity Distribution(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | $ | 14,853 | $ | 231,812 | $ | 562,826 | $ | 2,801 | $ | 812,292 | 20 | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 5,952 | 97,338 | 77,010 | 370 | 180,670 | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 244 | 11,132 | 152,985 | 1,235,565 | 1,399,926 | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 1,974 | 11,860 | 20,005 | 168,259 | 202,098 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed rate | 23,023 | 352,142 | 812,826 | 1,406,995 | 2,594,986 | 63 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Variable Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | 13,067 | 241,699 | 366,144 | 239,105 | 860,015 | 21 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 48,270 | 126,895 | 38,724 | 9,342 | 223,231 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 18 | 955 | 40,499 | 321,980 | 363,452 | 9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 51 | 2,360 | 13,231 | 40,768 | 56,410 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total variable rate | 61,406 | 371,909 | 458,598 | 611,195 | 1,503,108 | 37 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 84,429 | $ | 724,051 | $ | 1,271,424 | $ | 2,018,190 | $ | 4,098,094 | 100 | % |
(1) Scheduled repayments are reported in the maturity category in which payment is due. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less.
(2) Commercial real estate loans includes non-owner-occupied and owner-occupied properties.
Additionally, we have active relationships with various secondary market investors that purchase residential mortgage loans we originate. In addition to managing our interest rate risk position and earnings through the sale of these loans, we also manage our liquidity position through timely sales of residential mortgage loans to the secondary market. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold 49%, or $184.9 million, of our residential mortgage loan originations to the secondary market, which increased from 21%, or $152.7 million, for 2022.
Investments. We generally invest in amortizing MBS and CMO debt securities that return cash flow at an accelerated rate in comparison to other types of debt securities that are of a bullet structure. MBS and CMO debt security cash flow will vary depending on the interest rate environment because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. The rise in interest rates during 2023 and 2022 resulted in slowing cash flows. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company's MBS and CMO debt securities portfolio totaled 91% and 87%, respectively, of the Company's
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investment portfolio. The investment portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of investments on the secondary market, if needed. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $337.6 million and $277.0 million, or 54% and 40%, respectively, were designated as AFS and not pledged as collateral. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $200.4 million and $210.0 million, or 37% and 38%, respectively, were designated as HTM and not pledged as collateral.
The following is a summary of the scheduled cash flows from our debt securities portfolio, including investments designated as AFS and HTM, as of December 31, 2023:
| (In thousands) | ContractualCash Flows(1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 106,704 | |||||||
| 1 year | 1,064,035 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,170,739 |
(1) Expected contractual cash flows could differ as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Other Liquidity Requirements. The Company generates cash flows from earnings through its normal course of business from earnings and, although not contractual, the Company has a history of paying a quarterly cash dividend to its shareholders and repurchasing its shares of common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company reported $43.4 million of net income, paid cash dividends of $24.5 million to shareholders and repurchased shares of its common stock for $2.0 million.
Also through its normal operations, the Company is party to several other contractual obligations not previously discussed, such as various lease agreements on a number of its branches. Renewal options within the various lease contracts, as applicable, were considered to determine the lease term and estimate the contractual obligation and commitment for the Company's operating and finance leases. Furthermore, certain lease contracts of the Company contain language that subject its rent payment to variability, such as those tied to an index or change in an index. As a result, the future contractual obligation and commitment may differ materially from that estimated and disclosed within the table below. At December 31, 2023, we had the following lease and other contractual obligations to make future payments under each of these contracts as follows:
| Total Amount Committed | Payments Due Per Period | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 1 Year or Less | 1 Year | |||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 12,429 | $ | 1,370 | $ | 11,059 | |||||
| Finance leases | 7,610 | 474 | 7,136 | ||||||||
| Other contractual obligations | 10,401 | 10,401 | — | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 30,440 | $ | 12,245 | $ | 18,195 |
The Company's estimated lease liability for its various operating and finance leases was reported within other liabilities on our consolidated statements of condition. Please refer to Notes 1 and 6 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of our leases.
In the normal course of business, we are a party to credit related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, which are not reflected in the consolidated statements of condition. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Many of the commitments will expire without being drawn upon, and thus, the total amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Refer to Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details.
We use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes (primarily interest rate risk) and not for trading or speculative purposes. These contracts with our various counterparties may subject the Company to various cash flow requirements, which may include posting of cash as collateral (or other assets) for arrangements that the Company is in a liability position (i.e. “underwater”). Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives and hedge instruments.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
As part of our goal to operate a safe, sound and profitable financial organization, we are committed to maintaining a strong capital base. Shareholders’ equity totaled $495.1 million and $451.3 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which amounted to 9% and 8% of total assets, respectively. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Shareholders' Equity” for discussion regarding changes in shareholders' equity since December 31, 2022.
Our principal cash requirement is the payment of dividends on our common stock, as and when declared by the Company's Board of Directors. We declared dividends to shareholders in the aggregate amount of $24.5 million, or $1.68 per share, $23.7 million, or $1.62 per share, and $22.1 million, or $1.48 per share, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company's Board of Directors approves cash dividends on a quarterly basis after careful analysis and consideration of various factors, including the following: (i) capital position relative to total assets, (ii) risk-based assets, (iii) total classified assets, (iv) economic conditions, (v) growth rates for total assets and total liabilities, (vi) earnings performance and projections and (vii) strategic initiatives and related capital requirements. All dividends declared and distributed by the Company will be in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and state corporate law.
We are primarily dependent upon the payment of cash dividends by the Bank, our wholly-owned subsidiary, to service our commitments. We, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, are entitled to dividends, when and as declared by the Bank's Board of Directors from legally available funds. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Bank declared dividends payable to the Company in the amount of $22.5 million, $31.7 million, and $41.7 million, respectively. Under OCC regulations, the Bank generally may not declare a dividend in excess of the Bank’s undivided profits or, absent OCC approval, if the total amount of dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of the Bank's retained net income for the current year plus its retained net income for the prior two years. If we are required to use dividends from the Bank to service unforeseen commitments in the future, we may be required to reduce the dividends paid to our shareholders going forward.
Please refer to Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of the Company and Bank's capital regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company and Bank met all regulatory capital requirements and the Bank continues to be classified as “well capitalized” under prompt corrective action provisions.
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RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company’s Board of Directors and management have identified significant risk categories which affect the Company. The risk categories include: credit; liquidity; market; interest rate; capital; operational; technology, including cybersecurity; vendor and third party; people and compensation; compliance and legal; and strategic alignment and reputation. The Board of Directors has approved an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) Policy that addresses each category of risk. The direct oversight and responsibility for the Company's risk management program has been delegated to the Company's Executive Vice President, Chief Risk Officer, who is a member of the Executive Committee and reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer.
The Company is, and may become, subject to other risks. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for further description of the Company's material risks.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from an obligor's failure to meet the terms of any contract with the Company or otherwise to perform as agreed. It is found in all activities in which success depends on counterparty, issuer or borrower performance. It arises any time funds are extended, committed, invested or otherwise exposed through actual or implied contractual agreements, whether reflected on or off the Company's balance sheet. The Company makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of its loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers and counterparties and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of loans. For further discussion regarding credit risk and the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, refer to “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from the Company’s inability to meet its obligations when they come due, without incurring unacceptable losses. Liquidity risk includes the inability to manage unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources. Liquidity risk also arises from the failure to recognize or address changes in market conditions that affect the ability to liquidate assets quickly and with minimal loss in value. For further discussion regarding the Company's management of liquidity risk, refer to the “—Liquidity” section.
Market Risk. Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The ongoing monitoring and management of this risk is an important component of our asset and liability management process, which is governed by policies established by the Bank’s Board of Directors that are reviewed and approved annually. The Board ALCO delegates responsibility for carrying out the asset/liability management policies to Management ALCO. In this capacity, Management ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting our asset/liability management-related activities based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels and trends. Board ALCO meets on a quarterly basis to review strategies, policies, economic conditions and various activities as part of the management of these risks.
Certain of the Company's revenues are asset-based and determined as a percentage of the value of a client's assets under management. Such values are affected by changes in financial markets, such as interest rate risk, equity prices, and foreign exchange rates, and, accordingly, declines in the financial market may negatively impact its revenue. At December 31, 2023, client assets under management by Camden National Wealth Management were $1.1 billion. It is estimated that a 1% increase or decrease in client assets under management would have resulted in an annualized increase or decrease in reported 2023 income from fiduciary services of $65,000.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary component of our earnings. Board ALCO and Management ALCO utilize the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. While Board ALCO and Management ALCO routinely monitor simulated net interest income sensitivity over a rolling two-year horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated statements of condition, as well as for derivative financial instruments. This sensitivity analysis is compared to internal ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one- and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth or change in composition, given a 200 basis point upward and downward shift in interest rates. Although our policy specifies a downward shift of 200 basis points, this would have resulted in negative rates as of December 31, 2021 as many deposit and funding rates were below 2.00%. In this case, a downward shift of 100 basis points was the only down scenario performed. A parallel and pro rata shift in rates over a 12-month period is assumed. Using this approach, we are able to produce simulation
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results that illustrate the effect that both a gradual change of rates and a “rate shock” have on earnings expectations. In the down 100 and 200 basis points scenarios, Federal Funds and Treasury yields are floored at 0.01% while Prime is floored at 3.00%. All other market rates are floored at the lesser of current levels or 0.25%.
As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflected the following changes to net interest income assuming no balance sheet growth or change in composition, and a parallel shift in interest rates. All rate changes were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder of the ALCO simulation horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As of December 31, | |||||||||
| Rate Change from Year 1 – Base | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
| Year 1 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | (0.6) | % | (3.9) | % | 0.8 | % | |||
| -100 basis points | N/A | N/A | (1.3) | % | |||||
| -200 basis points | — | % | 3.1 | % | N/A | ||||
| Year 2 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | 11.4 | % | 8.8 | % | 5.6 | % | |||
| -100 basis points | N/A | N/A | (10.5) | % | |||||
| -200 basis points | 11.5 | % | 11.6 | % | N/A |
The preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, including loan and deposit betas, and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Based upon the net interest income simulation models, in Year 1 of a rising interest rate environment the Company is slightly liability sensitive as our funding will reprice faster than assets as market rates rise over the first year and result in lower net interest income. Cash flows from investments and loans are redeployed into current market rates at higher yields than our existing portfolio, however funding cost pressures continue in the higher current rate environment and outpace asset yield expansion. In Year 2, funding cost pressures subside and asset yields continue to improve, resulting in improved net interest income compared to our Year 1 base scenario. In Year 1 of a falling interest rate environment, net interest income is expected to hold stable over the first year of the simulation as the decrease in funding costs is offset by a decrease in asset yields from accelerated loan and investment prepayments. In Year 2, the decrease in funding costs outpaces the decrease in asset yields, resulting in improved net interest income compared to our Year 1 base scenario.
Periodically, if deemed appropriate, we use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to hedge our interest rate risk position. The Board of Directors has approved hedging policy statements governing the use of these instruments. As of December 31, 2023, we had interest rate swap agreements with a total notional of $43.0 million related to our junior subordinated debentures, $100.0 million of notional interest swap agreements on variable rate loans to mitigate exposure to falling interest rates, $50.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on variable rate deposits to mitigate exposure to rising rates, $125.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on short-term fixed-rate rolling funding to mitigate exposure to rising rates, and $375.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements to hedge fixed-rate residential mortgages using the “portfolio layer” method, and $298.1 million of notional interest rate swap agreements related to commercial loan level derivative program with both our commercial customers and a corresponding swap dealer. The Board and Management ALCO monitor derivative activities relative to their expectations and our hedging policies. Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives instruments.
Capital Risk. Capital risk is the risk that an investor may lose all or part of the principal amount invested. The Company faces this risk as it manages its balance sheet and has investments or loans that may lose all or part of the principal amount the Company has invested, which can have an impact on shareholders' equity. The Company also faces capital risk in that the entity may lose value on components of its shareholders' equity. The regulatory environment mandates the Company and Bank maintain certain levels of capital. These capital levels can change based upon regulatory changes, which can then impact what
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the Company is able to accomplish from a strategic perspective. For further discussion regarding capital risk and management of this risk, refer to “—Capital Resources,” and Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements.
Operational Risk. Operational risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings and capital arising from fraud, error and the inability to deliver products or services, maintain a competitive position and manage information. Risk is inherent in efforts to gain strategic advantage and in the failure to keep pace with changes in the financial services marketplace. Operational risk is evident in each product and service offered by the Company and encompasses product development and delivery, transaction processing, systems development, change management, complexity of products and services, human resource elements and the internal control environment. The risk that transactions may not be processed on time or correctly can have significant impact on the Bank’s reputation, which can result in compliance violations and fines, and/or other financial risks.
The Company manages operational risk through a series of internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. These programs include various internal and external audit programs, internal committees to oversee compliance with programs and remedial actions, if necessary, and various documented policies, procedures and framework for addressing such risks.
Technology Risk, including Cybersecurity. Technology Risk is the risk of financial loss, disruption or damage to the reputation of an organization resulting from the failure of its information technology systems, weak computing infrastructure, or a breach of information technology systems. Technology and cybersecurity risk could materialize in a variety of ways, such as unpatched or vulnerable computing systems, deliberate and unauthorized breaches of security to gain access to information systems, unintentional or accidental breaches of security, operational information technology risks due to factors such as poor system integrity, weak computing infrastructure and/or a weak Cybersecurity protection program.
Poorly managed technology and cybersecurity risk can leave an institution exposed to a variety of cyber crimes, with consequences ranging from data disruption to economic destitution. Reputation risk due to a technology and/or cybersecurity event can be significant to overcome depending on the severity of the event.
The Company manages technology and cybersecurity risks through its internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. Refer to Item 1C. Cybersecurity for further information.
Vendor and Third Party Risk. Vendor and third party risk represents the risk related to outsourced activities and in certain situations includes reliance on vendors to deliver services on our behalf. The Company has many service partners and an increasing reliance on outsourced services, which places greater risk on the Company through these many partners. These relationships are controlled by contracts and service level agreements, but represent increasing risk to the Company.
The Company manages vendor and third party risk through its vendor management program, which includes robust due diligence and risk assessment prior to engaging a new vendor, annual review of certain vendors depending on the services provided by the vendor, and an evaluation of the risk the vendor may present to the Company through our reliance on its services.
People and Compensation Risk. People and compensation risk includes: (1) the risk of employee dishonesty, incompetence or error; (2) the risk of not having individuals with adequate training and experience to properly discharge their responsibilities; (3) the risk of not having sufficient depth of personnel to provide back up for critical functions; (4) the risk of lawsuit by employees alleging improper actions by or on behalf of the Company; (5) succession planning; and (6) compensation risk, which includes having compensation plans that effectively allow the Company to hire and keep the right talent, and properly designed compensation and incentive programs to promote ethical behavior and assure that excessive risk is not encouraged.
The Company manages people and compensation risk through annual risk assessments of various compensation and incentive plans, oversight by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the use of third party compensation consultants, and various insurance programs.
Compliance and Legal Risk. Compliance and legal risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from violations of, or nonconformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or ethical standards. This risk exposes the Company to fines, civil money penalties, payment of damages, and the voiding of contracts. Compliance risk can lead to diminished reputation, reduced franchise value, limited business opportunities, reduced expansion potential, and an inability to enforce contracts. Legal risk exists in generally all activity of the Company where there is any possibility that the Company will become subject to liability for improper actions.
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The Company manages compliance and legal risk through various internal and external audit programs, use of third parties for consulting and legal support, ongoing compliance risk assessments, the ERM Committee and various insurance programs.
Strategic Alignment Risk. Strategic alignment risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings or capital arising from adverse business decisions, improper implementation of decisions, or lack of responsiveness to industry changes. This risk is a function of the compatibility of the Company's strategic goals, the business strategies developed to achieve those goals, the resources deployed against these goals, and the quality of implementation.
Reputation Risk. Reputation risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings and capital arising from negative public opinion. The reputation of financial services companies can be based on brand and trust, and the loss of brand or trust can negatively impact the Company's operations and financial results. Reputation risk exposure is present throughout the organization and our interactions with our various stakeholders, including, but not limited to, our customers, communities and investors.
The Company manages its strategic alignment and reputation risk through various internal policies and programs, including, but not limited to, the Company's core values, code of ethics policy, financial code of ethics policy, Audit Committee complaint policy, employee handbook, and other policies and programs, as well as through strategic planning and oversight by the Board of Directors.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the consolidated financial statements.
FY 2022 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0000750686-23-000033.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations for the years ended
December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 and financial condition at December 31, 2022 and 2021 and, where appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and selected consolidated financial data.
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The following is provided to aid the reader and provide a reference page when reviewing this section of the Form 10-K:
| Acronym | Description | Acronym | Description | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFS: | Available-for-sale | GAAP: | Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States | |||
| ALCO: | Asset/Liability Committee | GDP: | Gross domestic product | |||
| ACL: | Allowance for credit losses | HPFC: | Healthcare Professional Funding Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Bank | |||
| AOCI: | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | HTM: | Held-to-maturity | |||
| ASC: | Accounting Standards Codification | IRS: | Internal Revenue Service | |||
| ASU: | Accounting Standards Update | LGD: | Loss given default | |||
| Bank: | Camden National Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Corporation | LIBOR: | London Interbank Offered Rate | |||
| BOLI: | Bank-owned life insurance | LTIP: | Long-Term Performance Share Plan | |||
| Board ALCO: | Board of Directors' Asset/Liability Committee | Management ALCO: | Management Asset/Liability Committee | |||
| CCTA: | Camden Capital Trust A, an unconsolidated entity formed by Camden National Corporation | MBS: | Mortgage-backed security | |||
| CD: | Certificate of deposits | MSPP: | Management Stock Purchase Plan | |||
| CECL: | Current Expected Credit Losses | N/A: | Not applicable | |||
| Company: | Camden National Corporation | N.M.: | Not meaningful | |||
| CMO: | Collateralized mortgage obligation | OCC: | Office of the Comptroller of the Currency | |||
| CUSIP: | Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures | OCI: | Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||
| DCRP: | Defined Contribution Retirement Plan | OREO: | Other real estate owned | |||
| EPS: | Earnings per share | PD: | Probability of default | |||
| FASB: | Financial Accounting Standards Board | ROU: | Right-of-use | |||
| FDIC: | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | SBA: | U.S. Small Business Administration | |||
| FHLBB: | Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston | SBA PPP: | U.S. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program | |||
| FHLMC: | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | SERP: | Supplemental executive retirement plans | |||
| FNMA: | Federal National Mortgage Association | SOFR: | Secured Overnight Financing Rate | |||
| FOMC: | Federal Open Market Committee | TDR: | Troubled-debt restructured loan | |||
| FRB: | Federal Reserve System Board of Governors | UBCT: | Union Bankshares Capital Trust I, an unconsolidated entity formed by Union Bankshares Company that was subsequently acquired by Camden National Corporation | |||
| FRBB: | Federal Reserve Bank of Boston | U.S.: | United States of America |
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
In addition to evaluating the Company’s results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as return on average tangible equity; the efficiency ratio; net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent); earnings before income taxes and provision; earnings before income taxes, provision, and SBA PPP loan income; total loans, excluding SBA PPP loans; adjusted yield on interest-earning assets (fully-taxable equivalent) and adjusted net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent); tangible book value per share; tangible common equity ratio; and core deposits and average core deposits. We utilize these non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of measuring our performance against our peer group and other financial institutions and analyzing our internal performance. We also believe these non-GAAP financial measures help investors better understand the Company’s operating performance and trends and allow for better performance comparisons to other banks. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures remove the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP operating results, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other financial institutions.
Return on Average Tangible Equity. Return on average tangible equity is the ratio of (i) net income, adjusted for tax effected amortization of core deposit intangible assets and other adjustments, as necessary, to (ii) average shareholders' equity, adjusted for average goodwill and core deposit intangible assets. This adjusted financial ratio reflects a shareholders' return on tangible capital deployed in our business and is a common performance measure within the financial services industry.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 61,439 | $ | 69,014 | $ | 59,486 | |||||
| Add: amortization of core deposit intangible assets, net of tax(1) | 494 | 517 | 539 | ||||||||
| Net income, adjusted for amortization of core deposit intangible assets | $ | 61,933 | $ | 69,531 | $ | 60,025 | |||||
| Average equity, as presented | $ | 467,245 | $ | 542,725 | $ | 503,624 | |||||
| Less: average goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (96,572) | (97,211) | (97,880) | ||||||||
| Average tangible equity | $ | 370,673 | $ | 445,514 | $ | 405,744 | |||||
| Return on average equity | 13.15 | % | 12.72 | % | 11.81 | % | |||||
| Return on average tangible equity | 16.71 | % | 15.61 | % | 14.79 | % |
(1) Assumed a 21% income tax rate.
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Efficiency Ratio. The efficiency ratio represents an approximate measure of the cost required for the Company to generate a dollar of revenue. This is a common measure used by financial institutions and is a key ratio for evaluating Company performance. The efficiency ratio is calculated as the ratio of (i) total non-interest expense, adjusted for certain operating expenses, as necessary to (ii) net interest income on a tax equivalent basis plus total non-interest income, adjusted for certain other income items, as necessary.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Non-interest expense, as presented | $ | 106,849 | $ | 103,720 | $ | 99,983 | |||||
| Less: legal settlement | — | — | (1,200) | ||||||||
| Less: prepayment fees on borrowings | — | (514) | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted non-interest expense | $ | 106,849 | $ | 103,206 | $ | 98,783 | |||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 147,694 | $ | 137,436 | $ | 136,307 | |||||
| Add: effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 937 | 988 | 1,155 | ||||||||
| Non-interest income, as presented | 40,702 | 49,735 | 50,490 | ||||||||
| Add: net loss on sale of securities | 912 | — | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income plus non-interest income | $ | 190,245 | $ | 188,159 | $ | 187,952 | |||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues(2) | 56.72 | % | 55.41 | % | 53.52 | % | |||||
| Efficiency ratio | 56.16 | % | 54.85 | % | 52.56 | % |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
(2) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Net Interest Income (Fully-Taxable Equivalent). Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis is net interest income plus the taxes that would have been paid had tax-exempt securities been taxable. This number attempts to enhance the comparability of the performance of assets that have different tax liabilities. This is a common measure with the financial services industry and is used within the calculation of net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 147,694 | $ | 137,436 | $ | 136,307 | |||||
| Add: effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 937 | 987 | 1,155 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, tax equivalent | $ | 148,631 | $ | 138,423 | $ | 137,462 |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
Earnings before Income Taxes and Provision, and Earnings before Income Taxes, Provision and SBA PPP Loan Income. Earnings before income taxes and provision, and earnings before income taxes, provision and SBA PPP loan income are each a supplemental measure of operating earnings and performance. Earnings before income taxes and provision is calculated as net income before provision for credit losses and income tax expense, and earnings before income taxes, provision and SBA PPP loan income is calculated as net income before provision for credit losses, income tax expense and SBA PPP loan income. These supplemental measures have become more widely used by financial institutions as a measure of financial performance for comparability across financial institutions due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision for credit losses, as well as the origination of SBA PPP loans in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that are not a recurring and sustainable source of revenues for financial institutions.
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| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 61,439 | $ | 69,014 | $ | 59,486 | |||||
| Add: income tax expense, as presented | 15,608 | 17,627 | 14,910 | ||||||||
| Add: provision for credit losses, as presented | 4,500 | (3,190) | 12,418 | ||||||||
| Earnings before income taxes and provision for credit losses | $ | 81,547 | $ | 83,451 | $ | 86,814 | |||||
| Less: SBA PPP loan income | (1,254) | (8,170) | (7,750) | ||||||||
| Earnings before income taxes, provision for credit losses and SBA PPP Loan income | $ | 80,293 | $ | 75,281 | $ | 79,064 |
Adjusted Yield on Interest-Earning Assets (Fully-Taxable Equivalent). Adjusted yield on interest-earning assets (fully-taxable equivalent) normalizes the Company's reported yield on interest-earning assets for certain unusual, non-recurring items, including: (i) the impact of SBA PPP loans and (ii) excess cash/liquidity held by the Company, primarily due to Federal stimulus programs and changes in the FRB cash holding requirements for financial institutions both in response to COVID-19.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Yield on interest-earning assets (fully-taxable equivalent), as presented | 3.34 | % | 3.07 | % | 3.56 | % | |||
| Less: effect of SBA PPP loans on yield on interest-earning assets | (0.02) | % | (0.10) | % | (0.06) | % | |||
| Add: effect of excess cash/liquidity on yield on interest-earning assets | 0.02 | % | 0.13 | % | 0.09 | % | |||
| Adjusted yield on interest-earning assets (fully-taxable equivalent) | 3.34 | % | 3.10 | % | 3.59 | % |
Adjusted Net Interest Margin (Fully-Taxable Equivalent). Adjusted net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis normalizes the Company's reported net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for certain unusual, non-recurring items, including: (i) the impact of SBA PPP loans and (ii) excess cash/liquidity held by the Company, primarily due to Federal stimulus programs and changes in the FRB cash holding requirements for financial institutions both in response to COVID-19.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||
| Net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent), as presented | 2.86 | % | 2.84 | % | 3.09 | % | |||
| Less: effect of SBA PPP loans on net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | (0.02) | % | (0.10) | % | (0.07) | % | |||
| Add: effect of excess cash/liquidity on net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 0.01 | % | 0.13 | % | 0.08 | % | |||
| Adjusted net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.85 | % | 2.87 | % | 3.10 | % |
Tangible Book Value per Share and Tangible Common Equity Ratio. Tangible book value per share is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill, and core deposit intangible assets to (ii) total common shares outstanding at period end. Tangible book value per share is a common measure within our industry when assessing the value of a company as it removes goodwill and other intangible assets generated within purchase accounting upon a business combination.
Tangible common equity is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill and core deposit intangible assets to (ii) total assets less goodwill and core deposit intangible assets. This ratio is a measure used within our industry to assess whether or not a company is highly leveraged.
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| (In thousands, except number of shares and per share data) | December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
| Tangible Book Value Per Share: | |||||||
| Shareholders' equity, as presented | $ | 451,278 | $ | 541,294 | |||
| Less: goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (96,260) | (96,885) | |||||
| Tangible shareholders' equity | $ | 355,018 | $ | 444,409 | |||
| Shares outstanding at period end | 14,567,325 | 14,739,956 | |||||
| Book value per share | $ | 30.98 | $ | 36.72 | |||
| Tangible book value per share | $ | 24.37 | $ | 30.15 | |||
| Tangible Common Equity Ratio: | |||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,671,850 | $ | 5,500,356 | |||
| Less: goodwill and core deposit intangible assets | (96,260) | (96,885) | |||||
| Tangible assets | $ | 5,575,590 | $ | 5,403,471 | |||
| Common equity ratio | 7.96 | % | 9.84 | % | |||
| Tangible common equity ratio | 6.37 | % | 8.22 | % |
Core Deposits. Core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and lower cost. The Company calculates core deposits as total deposits less CDs and brokered deposits. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||
| Total deposits, as presented | $ | 4,826,929 | $ | 4,608,889 | |||
| Less: CDs | (300,451) | (309,648) | |||||
| Less: brokered deposits | (181,253) | (208,468) | |||||
| Core deposits | $ | 4,345,225 | $ | 4,090,773 |
Average Core Deposits. Average core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and at a lower interest rate cost. The Company calculates average core deposits as total deposits less CDs. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Total average deposits, as presented(1) | $ | 4,472,063 | $ | 4,096,411 | $ | 3,666,444 | |||||
| Less: CDs | (295,586) | (333,352) | (454,750) | ||||||||
| Average core deposits | $ | 4,176,477 | $ | 3,763,059 | $ | 3,211,694 |
(1) Brokered deposits are excluded from total average deposits, as presented on the Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate analysis table.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported. Actual results could materially differ from our current estimates, as a result of changing conditions and future events. Several estimates are particularly critical and are susceptible to significant near-term change, including (i) the ACL, including the ACL on loans, off-balance sheet credit exposures and investments; (ii) accounting for acquisitions and the subsequent review of goodwill and intangible assets generated in an acquisition for impairment; (iii) income taxes; and (iv) accounting for defined benefit and postretirement plans.
Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of the Company's accounting policies, including new accounting standards recently adopted.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”). In 2020, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for credit losses, ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended (“ASU 2016-13”). This new accounting standard, commonly referred to as “CECL,” significantly changed our methodology for accounting for reserves on loans, unfunded off-balance sheet credit exposures, including certain unfunded loan commitments and standby guarantees, as well as introduced the consideration for an allowance on HTM debt investments. ASU 2016-13 replaced the “incurred loss” methodology used prior to 2020 to establish an allowance on loans and off-balance sheet credit exposures, with an “expected loss” approach. Under CECL, the ACL at each reporting period serves as our best estimate of projected credit losses over the contractual life of certain assets, adjusted for expected prepayments, given an expectation of economic conditions and forecasts as of the valuation date.
The recorded ACL on loans and HTM debt investments is determined based on the amortized cost basis of the assets and may be determined at various levels, including homogeneous loan pools, individual credits with unique risk factors, and CUSIP. Since adoption of CECL in 2020 we have used a discounted cash flow approach to calculate the ACL for each loan segment. Within the discounted cash flow model, a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) assumption is applied to calculate the expected loss for each loan segment. PD is the probability the asset will default within a given timeframe and LGD is the percentage of the assets not expected to be collected due to default. PD and LGD data may be derived using (1) internal historical default and loss experience, as well as from (2) external data if there are not statistically meaningful loss events or our own internal loss data does not span a full economic cycle for a given loan segment.
CECL may create more volatility in our ACL, particularly our ACL on loans and ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures. Under CECL, our ACL may increase or decrease period-to-period based on many factors, including, but not limited to: (i) macroeconomic forecasts and conditions; (ii) a change in the forecast period; (iii) a change in the reversion speed; (iv) a change in the prepayment speed assumption; (v) an increase or decrease in loan balances, including changes to our loan portfolio mix; (vi) credit quality of the loan portfolio; and (vii) various qualitative factors outlined in ASU 2016-13.
ASU 2016-13 also changed our methodology and accounting for credit losses within our investment portfolio designated as AFS. To the extent the fair value of a security designated as AFS is less than its amortized cost and we either (i) intend to sell the security or (ii) it is more-likely-than-not we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the investment is permanently impaired and the amortized cost basis is written down to fair value and a corresponding impairment charge is recorded within the consolidated statements of income. If neither of the above is true, but the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis at the reporting date, then an allowance is established on the AFS investment for the portion of the impairment that is due to credit reasons (e.g. credit rating downgrades, past due receivables, and/or other macro- or micro-adverse trends). The allowance established on an AFS investment due to credit losses is limited to the amount the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis as of the reporting date. If the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis for non-credit-related reasons (e.g. interest rate environment), then the impairment continues to be recognized within shareholders' equity through AOCI.
ACL on Loans. We consider the ACL on loans to be a critical accounting policy given the uncertainty in evaluating the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loans in its portfolio. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is a key management function that requires significant judgment and estimate by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the current loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in future periods. While our current evaluation indicates that the ACL on loans at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was appropriate, the allowance may need to be increased under adversely different conditions or assumptions.
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The significant key assumptions used with the ACL on loans calculation at December 31, 2022 and 2021 using the CECL methodology, included:
•Macroeconomic factors (loss drivers): Macroeconomic factors are used within our discounted cash flow model to forecast the PD over the forecast period. As macroeconomic factor condition worsen, the PD increases, and the corresponding LGD increases, resulting in an increase in the ACL on loans. We monitor and assess Maine unemployment, changes in Maine GDP, changes in National GDP, and changes in Maine's Housing Price Index at least annually to determine if these macroeconomic factors continue to be the most predictive indicator of losses within our loan portfolio. Macroeconomic factors used in the calculation of the ACL on loans may change from time to time and in times of greater uncertainty, we may consider a range of possible forecasts and evaluate the probability of each scenario. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company reassessed its macroeconomic factors and, as a result, is no longer considering the changes in Maine’s Retail Sales in the calculation of the ACL as of December 31, 2021. We assessed our loss factors again in the fourth quarter of 2022 and there were no changes made to the ACL on loans calculation for reporting as of December 31, 2022.
•Forecast Period and Reversion speed: ASU 2016-13 requires a company to use a reasonable and supportable forecast period in developing the ACL, which represents the time period that management believes it can reasonably forecast the identified loss drivers. Generally, the forecast period management believes to be reasonable and supportable is set annually and validated through an assessment of economic leading indicators. In periods of greater volatility and uncertainty, such as that seen across the global markets and economies, including the U.S., we are likely to use a shorter forecast period, whereas when markets, economies and various other factors are considered more stable and certain, we are likely to use a longer forecast period. Generally, we expect our forecast period to range from one to three years. Once the reasonable and supportable forecast period is determined, ASU 2016-13 requires a company to revert its loss expectations to the long-run historical mean for the remainder of the contract life of the asset, adjusted for prepayments. In determining the length of time over which the reversion will take place (i.e. “reversion speed”), we consider such factors such as, but not limited to, historical loan loss experience over previous economic cycles, as well as where we believe we are within the current economic cycle.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, we used a one-year forecast period and one-year reversion period for each loan segment to measure the ACL on loans.
•Prepayment speeds: Prepayment speeds are determined for each loan segment utilizing our own historical loan data, as well as consideration of current environmental factors. The prepayment speed assumption is utilized with the discounted cash flow model (i.e. the CECL model) to forecast expected cash flows over the contractual life of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. A higher prepayment speed assumption will drive a lower ACL, and vice versa.
•Qualitative factors: ASU 2016-13 requires companies to consider various qualitative factors that may impact expected credit losses. We continue to consider qualitative factors in determining and arriving at our ACL on loans each reporting period.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the recorded ACL on loans was $36.9 million and $33.3 million, respectively, and represented our best estimate of expected credit losses within our loan portfolio as of each date. However, we may adjust our assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses each period. A future change of our assumptions will likely alter the level of allowance required and may have a material impact on future results of operations and financial condition. The ACL is reviewed periodically within a calendar quarter to assess trends in the aforementioned key assumptions, as well as asset quality within our loan portfolio, and we consider the impact of these trends on the ACL and the Company's financial condition, if any. The ACL on loans is reviewed and approved on a quarterly basis by the Company's Audit Committee, and later reviewed and ratified by the Bank's Board of Directors.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses,” “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. We consider the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures to be a critical accounting policy given the uncertainty in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses on expected future loan fundings of, primarily, unfunded loan commitments for those that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The expected credit loss factor calculated for each loan segment using the ACL on loans methodology described above, as well as within Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, is used to calculate the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures for each applicable loan segment, and, thus, are subject to the same level of estimation risk and volatility previously described. In addition, one other key assumption is used to derive the allowance on off-
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balance sheet credit exposures and that is the expected funding rate. The expected funding rate is derived using historical loan-level data for credit line usage, and is applied to total off-balance sheet credit exposures at each reporting date, excluding any that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company, to determine the expected funding amount. As unfunded loan commitments are funded, the allowance migrates from that provided for off-balance sheet credit exposures to the ACL on loans. If the expected funding rate or any other key assumption used is not reasonable, then this could have an adverse impact on the total ACL upon funding.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the recorded ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $3.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively, and presented within accrued interest and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of condition. Increases (decreases) to the allowance are presented within provision (credit) for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income. The allowance at December 31, 2022 and 2021, represented our best estimate, however, we may adjust our assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses from period to period. A future change to our assumptions will likely alter the level of allowance required and may have a material impact on future results of operations and financial condition.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses,” “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 and 11 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL for HTM Debt Securities. The estimate of expected credit losses on our HTM investment portfolio is based on the expected cash flows of each individual CUSIP over its contractual life and considers historical credit loss information, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Given the rarity of municipal defaults and losses, we utilize external third party loss forecast models as the sole source of municipal default and loss rates. Investment cash flows are modeled over a reasonable and supportable forecast period and then revert to the long-term average economic conditions on a straight line basis (similar to that of our ACL on loans policy). Management may exercise discretion to make adjustments based on various environmental factors.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company held securities in its HTM portfolio with an amortized cost basis of $546.6 million and $1.3 million, that primarily consisted of MBS and CMO debt securities issued, municipal bonds or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies. Under ASU 2016-13 the Company has the ability to exclude certain securities when the historical credit loss information, adjusted for current conditions and forecasts, resulting in zero risk of nonpayment of the amortized cost basis of the security. Management has evaluated and determined zero risk of nonpayment on all securities guaranteed by the U.S government agencies. In 2022, the Company engaged in a third party to calculate the necessary allowances required due on all other HTM securities due to the large increase in the portfolio. However, no allowance was carried given the immaterial amount that was calculated based on the nature of such securities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Should our HTM portfolio continue grow in size, change its mix and/or experience credit deterioration, an allowance may be recorded at that time.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL on AFS Debt Securities. We consider the ACL on AFS debt securities to be a critical accounting policy given the size of the investment portfolio and level of estimation used to determine the allowance, as appropriate. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's AFS portfolio is entirely made up of assets that are fair valued using level 2 valuation techniques in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. We engage a third party pricing agency to assist with the valuation of such debt securities and the assets are carried at fair value at each reporting period. An allowance is recorded on an AFS debt security to the extent an event has occurred that suggests receipt of full contractual payments are at risk. When such an event has been identified, a discounted cash flow model is used to determine the expected losses due to credit risk, and an allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying value of the debt security by the calculated expected loss amount, limited to the amount by which the fair value of the debt security is below its amortized cost basis.
As further described within “—Financial Condition—Investments,” the Company's AFS portfolio, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, was primarily consisted of MBS and CMO debt securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies, and, thus, presenting little to no credit risk. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had not identified indications of credit risk and did not carry any allowance for credit losses on its AFS portfolio, nor did it record any permanent impairments during 2022, 2021 or 2020.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Purchase Price Allocation and Impairment of Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets. We record all acquired assets and liabilities at fair value, which is an estimate determined by the use of internal valuation techniques. We also may engage
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external valuation services to assist with the valuation of material assets and liabilities acquired, including, but not limited to, loans, core deposit intangibles and/or other intangible assets, real estate and time deposits. As part of purchase accounting, we typically acquire goodwill and other intangible assets as part of the purchase price. These assets are subject to ongoing periodic impairment tests under differing accounting models. We did not acquire any other company or assets during 2022 or 2021.
Goodwill impairment evaluations are required to be performed at least annually, but may be required more frequently if certain conditions indicate a potential impairment may exist. Our policy is to perform the goodwill impairment analysis annually as of November 30th, or more frequently as warranted. The goodwill impairment evaluation is required to be performed at the reporting unit level. Goodwill impairment is measured by the amount the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, and an impairment charge is recorded for the lesser of this amount or the amount to write-down goodwill to zero.
We elected to use the quantitative analysis to perform the annual goodwill impairment assessment as of November 30, 2022 and concluded that goodwill was not impaired. We may use a qualitative analysis to evaluate goodwill for impairment when it is believed that it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its book value, or if a quantitative analysis was recently used to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit, and there are not any indications of events that would suggest such conclusions for impairment have changed. We performed our annual goodwill impairment assessment as of November 30, 2021 using a qualitative analysis and concluded that it was not more-likely-than-not that goodwill was impaired. The Company did not recognize any impairment of goodwill in 2022, 2021 or 2020.
The Company's core deposit intangible assets have a finite life and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Core deposit intangible assets are subject to impairment tests if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount. Core deposit intangible assets are measured for impairment utilizing a cost recovery model. We did not identify any events or circumstances that occurred in 2022, 2021 or 2020 that would indicate that our core deposit intangible assets may be impaired and should be evaluated for such.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Income Taxes. We account for income taxes by deferring income taxes based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, considering the provisions of enacted tax laws. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the consolidated statements of condition.
We must also assess the likelihood that any deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and establish a valuation allowance for those assets determined not likely to be recoverable. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company carried deferred tax assets totaling $50.2 million and $19.2 million, respectively, and did not record any valuation allowance on these deferred tax assets. Although we determined a valuation allowance was not required for our deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there is no guarantee that these assets will be realized. To the extent a valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets is recorded in future periods, a material charge to the Company's consolidated statements of income may result and reduce net income. Judgment is required in determining the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities, including projections of future taxable income.
As of December 31, 2022, our federal and state income tax returns for 2021, 2020 and 2019 were open to audit by federal and various state authorities. If, as a result of an audit, we were to be assessed interest and penalties, the amounts would be recorded through other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Income Tax Expense” and Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Defined Benefit and Postretirement Plans. We use a December 31st measurement date to determine the expenses for the Company's defined benefit and postretirement plans and related financial disclosure information. Postretirement plan expense is sensitive to changes in the number of eligible employees, changes in the discount rate, mortality rate, and other expected
rates, such as medical cost trends rates and salary scale assumptions. There are no new entrants to the Company's defined benefit and postretirement plans.
Refer to Note 18 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
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EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
2022 Overview. The Company reported net income and diluted EPS for the year ended 2022 of $61.4 million and $4.17, respectively, down from record financial performance levels last year of $69.0 million and $4.60, respectively. Market dynamics changed significantly in 2022, in comparison to more recent years, as short-term interest rates rose sharply and pushed the market into a prolonged and inverted yield curve beginning in the third quarter of 2022. The FOMC increased the Federal Funds Effective Rate seven times during 2022, increasing the target interest rate range from 0.00% - 0.25% to 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2022. The sharp increase in Federal Funds Effective Rate was in response to rising inflation within the U.S and in an effort to bring inflation towards the FOMC’s long-term targeted annual inflationary rate. Subsequent to December 31, 2022, the FOMC again increased the Federal Funds Effective Rate another 25 basis points. Despite the macroeconomic pressures created by rapidly rising interest rates, asset quality continues to be a source of strength for the Company as of December 31, 2022, highlighted by non-performing loans of 0.13% of total loans and non-performing assets of 0.09% of total assets, in comparison 0.20% and 0.13% as of December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company posted solid financial returns for 2022, including a return on average equity of 13.15%, return on average tangible equity (non-GAAP) of 16.71% and return on average assets of 1.12%, compared to 12.72%, 15.61% and 1.31%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The Company continues to be well-positioned to withstand the turbulent and volatile markets we have faced the past several years, and that the Company predicts for the upcoming year, through a strong capital position and appropriate reserve levels on our loan portfolio. At December 31, 2022, all of the Company and Bank’s regulatory capital ratios were well in excess of regulatory capital requirements. While our common equity ratio decreased 188 basis points during 2022 to 7.96% and our tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) decreased 185 basis points over the same period to 6.37% at December 31, 2022, we recognize the decrease was driven by the sharp increase in interest rates during 2022 driving a lower valuation on our investment portfolio designated as AFS and was not credit-related. Furthermore, our ACL on loans at December 31, 2022, was 0.92% to total loans and 7.2 times non-performing loans, compared to 0.97% and 5.0 times as of December 31, 2021. Our reserve levels reflect the strength of our asset quality, which included net charge-offs of 0.02% of average loans for the year ended 2022 and past due loans of 0.06% as of December 31, 2022. We continue to actively monitor our loan portfolio and various sub-segments within the portfolio to identify early-indicators for signs of stress. To date, we have not identified any systemic trends.
During 2022, through the combination of cash dividends and share repurchases, the Company returned $33.9 million of capital to shareholders, which included the repurchase of 225,245 shares of its common stock at a weighted average price of $45.46 and cash dividends to shareholders of $1.62 per share, a 9% increase over 2021. In January 2023, we announced a new share repurchase program was approved by the Company’s Board of Directors for up to 750,000 shares, or approximately 5% of total shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022, and the termination of our share repurchase program that was opened in 2022.
Operating Results. Net income for the year ended 2022 was $61.4 million, representing a decrease of $7.6 million, or 11%, compared to 2021. Earnings before income taxes, provision for credit losses, and SBA PPP loan income (non-GAAP) for the year ended 2022 was $80.3 million, representing an increase of 7% compared to 2021.
The key drivers of the decrease in net income between periods included:
•An increase in net interest income of $10.3 million, or 7%, driven by average loan growth of 12%. Net interest margin for the year ended 2022 was 2.86%, compared to 2.84% the previous year. Interest-earning asset yields increased 27 basis points between periods to 3.34% for the year ended 2022, while funding costs also increased 27 basis points over the same period to 0.51% for the year ended 2022. Funding costs increased at a faster pace during the second half of the 2022 as the FOMC accelerated interest rate increased.
•An increase in provision for credit losses of $7.7 million. For the year ended 2022, the Company recorded a provision of $4.5 million to account for the strong end-to-end loan growth of 17% during the year and deteriorating macroeconomic projections. For the year ended 2021, the Company reported negative provision expense (or a credit) of $3.2 million as it released a portion of its ACL established in 2020 as markets improved and credit quality deterioration did not occur from the COVID-19 pandemic.
•A decrease in non-interest income of $9.0 million, or 18%, driven by lower mortgage banking income of $9.5 million, or 69%, as residential mortgage production slowed and we sold 20% of our production during 2022, compared to 44% for the year ended 2021.
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•An increase in non-interest expense of $3.1 million, or 3%, primarily driven by higher salaries and employee benefits costs of $1.0 million, or 2%. Our ratio of non-interest expense to total revenue was 56.72% for the year ended 2022, compared to 55.41% for 2021, or, on a non-GAAP-basis, our efficiency ratio was 56.16% and 54.85% for the same periods, respectively.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Net interest income is the interest earned on loans, securities, and other interest-earning assets, plus net loan fees, origination costs and fair value marks on loans and/or time deposits created in purchase accounting, less the interest paid on interest-bearing deposits and borrowings. Net interest income, which is our largest source of revenue, accounted for 78% of total revenues for the year ended 2022 and 73% of total revenues for each of the years ended 2021 and 2020. Net interest income is affected by factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, loan and deposit pricing strategies and competitive conditions, loan prepayment speeds, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the level of non-performing assets.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the year ended 2022 was $148.7 million, an increase of $10.3 million, or 7%, over 2021. The increase consisted of a $24.3 million, or 16%, increase in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis, which was partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $14.0 million, or 127%, between periods.
•The increase in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis was the combination of strong average interest-earning asset growth of 7% and yield expansion of 27 basis points between periods. Interest-earning asset growth was driven by (i) average loan balances, which grew $411.1 million, or 12%, between periods driven by residential real estate and commercial real estate growing 30% and 8%, respectively, and (ii) average investment balances, which increased $135.6 million, or 10%, compared to 2021, primarily due to the full year impact of investment purchases made in 2021. Our yield expansion on interest-earning assets during 2022 was the result of the significant change in the interest rate environment between periods. During 2022, interest rates rose sharply as the FOMC increased the Federal Funds Effective Rate 425 basis points to a target range of 4.25% - 4.50% at December 31, 2022 through a series of seven interest rate hikes. The 10-year U.S. Treasury increased 236 basis points during the year to 3.88% at December 30, 2022 (last business day).
•The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of a 27 basis point increase in our average cost of funds, again, driven by the sharp increase in interest rates between periods. The Company’s funding costs grew to 0.51% for the year ended 2022 as deposits costs increased 26 basis points during the year to 0.42% and borrowing costs increased 50 basis points to 1.35%. The increase in deposit costs was primarily seen within interest checking and money market accounts. These accounts generally carry more interest-rate sensitive customers, including larger commercial customers requiring higher interest rates.
Net Interest Margin. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Our net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the years ended 2022 and 2021 was 2.86% and 2.84%, respectively, and our adjusted net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis (non-GAAP) for the year ended 2022 was 2.85%, compared to 2.87% for 2021.
The following table presents, for the periods noted, average balances, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid, as well as net interest income, net interest rate spread and net interest margin:
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| Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | 52,068 | $ | 514 | 0.99 | % | $ | 268,879 | $ | 322 | 0.12 | % | $ | 179,718 | $ | 343 | 0.19 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | 1,329,586 | 24,468 | 1.84 | % | 1,189,895 | 19,724 | 1.66 | % | 874,823 | 19,604 | 2.24 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable(2) | 111,113 | 3,919 | 3.53 | % | 115,169 | 3,798 | 3.30 | % | 121,302 | 4,117 | 3.39 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(3): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 1,532,225 | 61,452 | 4.01 | % | 1,412,884 | 51,488 | 3.64 | % | 1,310,160 | 51,403 | 3.92 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial(2) | 396,000 | 16,494 | 4.17 | % | 340,727 | 12,959 | 3.80 | % | 398,087 | 16,546 | 4.16 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | 6,999 | 1,254 | 17.91 | % | 118,414 | 8,170 | 6.90 | % | 146,918 | 7,750 | 5.28 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal(2) | 19,305 | 618 | 3.20 | % | 20,529 | 691 | 3.37 | % | 19,073 | 679 | 3.56 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,511,985 | 52,738 | 3.49 | % | 1,156,698 | 41,792 | 3.61 | % | 1,085,064 | 43,927 | 4.05 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 243,901 | 12,268 | 5.03 | % | 250,061 | 10,528 | 4.21 | % | 312,076 | 13,986 | 4.48 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | 3,710,415 | 144,824 | 3.90 | % | 3,299,313 | 125,628 | 3.81 | % | 3,271,378 | 134,291 | 4.11 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 5,203,182 | 173,725 | 3.34 | % | 4,873,256 | 149,472 | 3.07 | % | 4,447,221 | 158,355 | 3.56 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 49,744 | 51,983 | 48,479 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 270,111 | 364,740 | 381,204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: ACL | (34,237) | (34,433) | (31,459) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,488,800 | $ | 5,255,546 | $ | 4,845,445 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 1,206,383 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 1,083,357 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 684,539 | $ | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 1,502,896 | 11,569 | 0.77 | % | 1,297,695 | 2,512 | 0.19 | % | 1,289,501 | 4,553 | 0.35 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings | 760,264 | 343 | 0.05 | % | 675,533 | 277 | 0.04 | % | 536,014 | 303 | 0.06 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 706,934 | 5,341 | 0.76 | % | 706,474 | 2,075 | 0.29 | % | 701,640 | 3,477 | 0.50 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 295,586 | 1,481 | 0.50 | % | 333,352 | 1,782 | 0.53 | % | 454,750 | 5,759 | 1.27 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 4,472,063 | 18,734 | 0.42 | % | 4,096,411 | 6,646 | 0.16 | % | 3,666,444 | 14,092 | 0.38 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 130,455 | 1,571 | 1.20 | % | 282,399 | 1,274 | 0.45 | % | 242,951 | 1,452 | 0.60 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | 215,761 | 1,103 | 0.51 | % | 185,246 | 570 | 0.31 | % | 205,890 | 1,314 | 0.64 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debentures | 44,331 | 2,140 | 4.83 | % | 48,605 | 2,523 | 5.19 | % | 59,228 | 3,512 | 5.93 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 80,100 | 1,546 | 1.93 | % | 3,562 | 35 | 0.99 | % | 58,601 | 523 | 0.89 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total borrowings | 470,647 | 6,360 | 1.35 | % | 519,812 | 4,402 | 0.85 | % | 566,670 | 6,801 | 1.20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total funding liabilities | 4,942,710 | 25,094 | 0.51 | % | 4,616,223 | 11,048 | 0.24 | % | 4,233,114 | 20,893 | 0.49 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 78,845 | 96,598 | 108,707 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 467,245 | 542,725 | 503,624 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities & shareholders’ equity | $ | 5,488,800 | $ | 5,255,546 | $ | 4,845,445 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | 148,631 | 138,424 | 137,462 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: fully-taxable equivalent adjustment | (937) | (988) | (1,155) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 147,694 | $ | 137,436 | $ | 136,307 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.83 | % | 2.83 | % | 3.07 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.86 | % | 2.84 | % | 3.09 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) (non-GAAP) | 2.85 | % | 2.87 | % | 3.10 | % |
(1) Reported average balances are calculated on a daily basis.
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(2) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis calculated using a 21% tax rate, including certain commercial loans.
(3) Non-accrual loans and loans held for sale are included in total average loans.
The following table presents certain information on a fully-taxable equivalent basis regarding changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes attributable to rate and volume. The (a) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior year's rate), (b) changes in rates (change in rate multiplied by current year's volume), and (c) changes in rate/volume (change in rate multiplied by the change in volume), which is allocated to the change due to rate column.
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 vs. December 31, 2021 | For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 vs. December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Volume | Rate | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | (260) | $ | 452 | $ | 192 | $ | 169 | $ | (190) | $ | (21) | |||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | 2,319 | 2,425 | 4,744 | 7,058 | (6,938) | 120 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable | (134) | 255 | 121 | (208) | (111) | (319) | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 4,344 | 5,620 | 9,964 | 4,027 | (3,942) | 85 | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 2,100 | 1,435 | 3,535 | (2,584) | (1,003) | (3,587) | |||||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | (7,688) | 772 | (6,916) | (1,505) | 1,925 | 420 | |||||||||||||||||
| Municipal | (41) | (32) | (73) | 52 | (40) | 12 | |||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 12,826 | (1,880) | 10,946 | 2,901 | (5,036) | (2,135) | |||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | (259) | 1,999 | 1,740 | (2,778) | (680) | (3,458) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 13,207 | 11,046 | 24,253 | 7,132 | (16,015) | (8,883) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 390 | 8,667 | 9,057 | 29 | (2,070) | (2,041) | |||||||||||||||||
| Savings | 34 | 32 | 66 | 84 | (110) | (26) | |||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 1 | 3,265 | 3,266 | 24 | (1,426) | (1,402) | |||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | (200) | (101) | (301) | (1,542) | (2,435) | (3,977) | |||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | (684) | 981 | 297 | 237 | (415) | (178) | |||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | 94 | 439 | 533 | (132) | (612) | (744) | |||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debentures | (222) | -160 | (161) | (383) | (630) | (359) | (989) | ||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 758 | 753 | 1,511 | (490) | 2 | (488) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 171 | 13,875 | 14,046 | (2,420) | (7,425) | (9,845) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | $ | 13,036 | $ | (2,829) | $ | 10,207 | $ | 9,552 | $ | (8,590) | $ | 962 |
Net interest income included the following for the periods indicated:
| Income Statement Location | For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Loan fees(1) | Interest income | $ | 261 | $ | 7,156 | $ | 5,648 | ||||||
| Net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting | Interest income and Interest expense | 281 | 689 | 1,220 | |||||||||
| Recoveries on previously charged-off acquired loans | Interest income | 217 | 226 | 258 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 759 | $ | 8,071 | $ | 7,126 |
(1) For the years ended 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $1.2 million and $6.9 million of fees associated with SBA PPP loan originations.
46
The Company's consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements presented within have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of the financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars and, in some cases, current fair values without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and virtually all of our liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the general level of inflation. Over short periods of time, interest rates and the yield curve may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as inflation.
As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the FOMC increased the Federal Funds Effective Rate 25 basis points in February 2023 putting the target interest rate range at 4.50% - 4.75%, and has signaled additional interest rate hikes in 2023 may be necessary in an effort to continue to curb inflationary pressures and reach its long-term inflation target. The Company's interest rate risk position as of December 31, 2022 was liability sensitive and, as such, continued short-term interest rate hikes by the FOMC would likely result in lower net interest income as deposits and borrowings reprice at a faster pace than repricing of variable rate loans, and loan and investment prepayment speeds slow resulting in less cash flows to reinvest into higher yielding assets in current markets.
Subsequent to December 31, 2022, the Company executed four fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps for a total of $300.0 million of notional on a designated pool of fixed rate residential real estate loans. The derivative transaction was designated as a “fair value hedge” under ASC 815, and was done to limit the Company’s exposure to continued short-term rising interest rates in the near term. Refer to “—Risk Management—Interest Rate Risk” and Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Provision for Credit Losses
For the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company has accounted for its provision for credit losses in accordance with ASU 2016-13, commonly referred to as the “CECL” standard. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for the Company's accounting and policies for the ACL.
The provision for credit losses was made up of the following components for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from 2022 to 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses | $ | 4,430 | $ | (3,817) | $ | 13,215 | $ | 8,247 | (216) | % | |||||||||
| Provision for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 70 | 627 | (797) | (557) | N.M. | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | $ | 4,500 | $ | (3,190) | $ | 12,418 | $ | 7,690 | (241) | % |
Provision for loan losses. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we increased the Company's ACL on loans to account for the anticipated adverse impact of COVID-19 on our loan portfolio, based on the various macroeconomic data trends and various qualitative considerations. In 2021, we however, recorded a credit for loan losses of $3.8 million, which reflected better than expected macroeconomic times and minimal credit deterioration that allowed us to release a portion of the reserves we had established in 2020 for the pandemic. For the year ended 2022, we recorded provision for loan losses of $4.4 million due to strong loan growth of 17% during the year and a shift in the macroeconomic conditions and outlook as a fear of a recession in the near term grew as the FOMC aggressively raised short-term interest rates to curb inflation. Partially offsetting the need for provisions was continued strong asset quality across the Company’s loan portfolios with no immediate signs of deterioration, as highlighted by the following credit quality metrics: (i) net charge-offs of 0.02% of average loans for the year ended 2022, (ii) non-performing assets of 0.09% of total assets as of December 31, 2022, and (iii) and past due loans (30-89 days) of 0.06% of total loans as of December 31, 2022.
Provision for credit losses on off-balance credit exposures. At December 31, 2022, the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $3.3 million, as compared to $3.2 million as of December 31, 2021. The increase was driven by increased expected loss factor given the overall macroeconomic uncertainty between periods, partially offset by the decrease in unfunded commitments of $17.2 million between periods.
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Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest income for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from 2022 to 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
| Debit card income | $ | 13,340 | $ | 13,105 | $ | 10,420 | $ | 235 | 2 | % | |||||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 7,587 | 6,626 | 6,697 | 961 | 15 | % | |||||||||||||
| Income from fiduciary services | 6,407 | 6,516 | 6,115 | (109) | (2) | % | |||||||||||||
| Mortgage banking income, net | 4,221 | 13,704 | 18,487 | (9,483) | (69) | % | |||||||||||||
| Brokerage and insurance commissions | 4,147 | 3,913 | 2,832 | 234 | 6 | % | |||||||||||||
| Bank-owned life insurance | 1,901 | 2,364 | 2,533 | (463) | (20) | % | |||||||||||||
| Net loss on sale of securities | (912) | — | — | (912) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 4,011 | 3,507 | 3,406 | 504 | 14 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total non-interest income | $ | 40,702 | $ | 49,735 | $ | 50,490 | $ | (9,033) | (18) | % | |||||||||
| Non-interest income as a percentage of total revenues(1) | 22 | % | 27 | % | 27 | % |
(1) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Mortgage banking income, net is generated through the sale of residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors and also includes income recognized upon the sale of residential mortgages in which we maintain the servicing rights creating a mortgage servicing asset, net of related amortization of the capitalized mortgage servicing asset. Our practice has been to sell the servicing rights for residential mortgages originated, except for certain third party relationships that require the Company to service the loan.
The decrease in mortgage banking income, net for the year ended 2022 compared to 2021, was driven by a 30% decrease in residential mortgage production between years as the shift in the interest rate environment in 2022 impacted purchase and refinance activity. Additionally, the Company sold 20% of its originated residential mortgage production in 2022, compared to 44% in 2021, which, again, reflects the shift in market dynamics between periods.
Debit card income represents the interchange fees earned from debit card transactions of our business and consumer checking account customers, and the annual incentive bonus received from our network provider.
Service charges on deposit accounts represents the fees earned from providing various services to deposit customers, including overdraft and non-sufficient funds fees, normal fees for servicing deposit accounts, and cash management fees for business customers. Overdraft and non-sufficient fund fees totaled $5.3 million and $4.7 million for the years ended 2022 and 2021, respectively. Overdraft and non-sufficient fund fees for the year ended 2022 remained below pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels as customers continue to have elevated savings rates in comparison.
In the third quarter of 2022, the Company made certain non-sufficient funds and overdraft program changes to assist our customers and support their financial well-being. The changes are not expected to materially decrease revenues.
Income from fiduciary services represents the fees earned for investment advisory and trust services provided by Camden National Wealth Management. The fees earned are primarily a percentage of our clients' assets under management. Assets under management were $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in assets under management between periods was driven by overall portfolio performance during 2022, as seen across broader market indices for the year, and was partially offset by net inflows of cash and assets.
Brokerage and insurance commissions represent the fees earned for brokerage services, investment advisory and insurance services provided by the Bank, doing business as Camden Financial Consultants. The increase for the year ended 2022 over 2021 was driven by fees for brokerage and advisory services.
Bank-owned life insurance represents the change in cash surrender value of the Company's various BOLI policies in place for certain current and former officers of the Company and Bank. The change in cash surrender value reflects the performance of the underlying investments of the policies. The decrease in income for the year ended 2022 compared to 2021 was the result of the underlying investments in one of the Company's BOLI contracts dropping below its stable value wrapper and, thus, write
48
downs totaling $387,000 were recognized in the third and fourth quarter of 2022. A further decrease in the market value of these underlying investments within this contract may result in lower BOLI income in future periods.
Net (loss) gain on sale of securities represents the realized (loss) gain upon sale of our debt investments. In 2022, we
executed an investment portfolio restructure strategy to increase net interest income and improve our net interest margin. In doing so, we sold investments designated as AFS with a book value of $37.2 million and realized losses of $912,000, while simultaneously purchasing $32.8 million of new securities at current market rates.
We did not sell any investment securities during the years ended 2021 or 2020. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments,” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Other Income includes third party merchant and credit card commissions, customer loan swap fees and other miscellaneous fees and net gains on equity securities.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from 2022 to 2021 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | $ | % | |||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 62,019 | $ | 61,007 | $ | 57,938 | $ | 1,012 | 2 | % | ||||||
| Furniture, equipment and data processing | 13,043 | 12,247 | 11,756 | 796 | 6 | % | ||||||||||
| Net occupancy costs | 7,578 | 7,532 | 7,585 | 46 | 1 | % | ||||||||||
| Debit card expense | 4,602 | 4,313 | 3,753 | 289 | 7 | % | ||||||||||
| Consulting and professional fees | 4,073 | 3,691 | 3,833 | 382 | 10 | % | ||||||||||
| Regulatory assessments | 2,338 | 2,074 | 1,450 | 264 | 13 | % | ||||||||||
| Amortization of core deposit intangible assets | 625 | 655 | 682 | (30) | (5) | % | ||||||||||
| OREO and collection costs (recoveries), net | 29 | (101) | 382 | 130 | (129) | % | ||||||||||
| Other expenses | 12,542 | 12,302 | 12,604 | 240 | 2 | % | ||||||||||
| Total non-interest expense | $ | 106,849 | $ | 103,720 | $ | 99,983 | $ | 3,129 | 3 | % | ||||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues | 56.72 | % | 55.41 | % | 53.52 | % | ||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 56.16 | % | 54.85 | % | 52.56 | % |
Salaries and employee benefits includes employee wages, commissions, incentives, equity compensation, employer-related taxes, insurance benefits, and other certain employee-related costs, net of direct employee-related costs incurred for loan originations. The increase for the year ended 2022 over 2021 was driven by the increase in wages and related taxes of 4% as we issued our normal annual merit increases in March 2022, partially offset by a decrease in bonuses and incentives of $1.4 million, based on annual performance-to-budget.
Furniture, equipment and data processing includes depreciation expense of capitalized furniture, equipment and data-related costs, and ongoing system and other data processing costs, including outsourced solutions. The increase for the year ended 2022 over 2021 was driven by continued investments in customer-facing technology platforms, internal systems and production platforms to drive increased productivity and efficiencies, and various information security and resiliency-related systems and enhancements.
Net occupancy costs include building and property costs associated with the operation of our branches, loan production offices and service centers, including, but not limited to, rent, depreciation, maintenance and related taxes, net of rental income earned from the lease of office space.
Consulting and professional fees include third party consulting services and other professional fees, such as audit and tax services, legal services, and Company and Bank director fees.
Debit card expense is the cost incurred for the generation of debit card income, including third party switch network provider fees and related data transmission costs, and plastic card costs for the generation of debit cards for checking account customers. Debit card expense increased 7% in 2022 compared to 2021, while debit card income increased 2% over this same period. Many of the costs associated with debit card expense are fixed per unit.
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Regulatory assessments are the costs incurred and paid to various regulatory agencies, including the FDIC and OCC. Regulatory assessment fees are based on a number of factors, not limited to, asset growth, regulator risk assessment and positive or negative trends specific to the financial institution. The increase for the year ended 2022 over 2021 was driven by the increase in quarterly FDIC assessments primarily due to asset growth. The FDIC has approved a 2 basis point increase in the assessment rate for all insured banks, effective January 1, 2023, that will result in an increase in the Company’s FDIC costs for 2023.
OREO and collection costs, net include the costs associated with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts for the Company's loans. Should asset quality metrics deteriorate in 2023, the associated costs with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts would likely increase.
Amortization of core deposit intangible assets represents the amortization expense on core deposit intangible assets. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets,” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further details.
Other expenses include employee-related costs, such as certain SERP and other postretirement benefits expenses; hiring, training, education, meeting and business travel costs; donations and marketing costs; postage, freight and courier costs; and other expenses.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense for the years ended 2022 and 2021 was $15.6 million and $17.6 million, respectively, which resulted in an effective income tax rate of 20.3% for each year. The state of Maine has a state tax rate for financial institutions lower than other states in the region in which we operate. As the Company’s lending and operating footprint continues to expand outside of Maine, it is anticipated that the Company’s effective tax rate will continue to increase.
The Company's effective income tax rate for the year ended 2022 of 20.3% was lower than our marginal tax rate of 22.8%, which includes our 21.0% federal income tax rate and 1.8% state income tax rate, net of federal tax benefit, primarily due to non-taxable interest income from municipal bonds and certain qualifying loans, non-taxable BOLI, and tax credits received on qualifying investments.
The Company's deferred tax assets were $50.2 million and $19.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in deferred tax assets during 2022 was driven by an increase in unrealized losses on the AFS investments portfolio, including the investments transferred from AFS to HTM in June 2022. As of December 31, 2022, we have no need for, or intention to sell, any of these investment securities in an unrealized loss position and expect full recovery of the investment as the unrealized loss was the result of the significant increase in interest during 2022 and not a reflection of credit risk within the investment portfolio. Furthermore, while not anticipated as of December 31, 2022, should the Company realize a loss on these investments, as a financial institution the loss would be characterized as an ordinary loss for income tax purposes and not as a capital loss, and thus would not carry restrictions on use of any such loss. We continuously monitor and assess the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, and we determined that no valuation allowance was necessary as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments,” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of investments.
Refer to Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of income taxes and related deferred tax assets and liabilities.
2021 Operating Results as Compared to 2020 Operating Results
Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 can be found in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the Company’s 2021 annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Total cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2022 were $75.4 million, compared to $220.6 million at December 31, 2021. Cash and cash equivalents balances decreased during 2022 as we redeployed cash to support the funding of loan growth of 17% during 2022. We continuously manage and monitor our cash levels to ensure compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.
In March 2020, the FRB reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent, effectively eliminating the cash reserve requirement for all depository institutions.
Investments
The Company utilizes the investment portfolio to manage liquidity, interest rate risk, and regulatory capital, as well as to take advantage of market conditions to generate returns without undue risk. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s investment portfolio generally consisted of MBS, CMO, municipal and corporate debt securities, FHLBB and FRB common stock, and mutual funds held in a rabbi trust for purposes of Company executive and director nonqualified retirement plans. We designate our debt securities as AFS or HTM based on our intent and investment strategy and they are carried at fair value or amortized cost, respectively. Our FHLBB and FRB common stock is carried at cost; and our mutual fund investments are designated as trading securities and are carried at fair value. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, total investments were 22% and 28% of total assets, respectively.
During the quarter ended June 30, 2022, we transferred 141 securities with a fair value of $520.3 million from AFS to HTM to help manage our capital position in a rising interest rate environment. The securities were reclassified at fair value at the time of the transfer, a non-cash transaction. The unrealized losses on the AFS debt securities at the time of the transfer were $72.1 million, pre-tax, and were reported within AOCI. The weighted average life of the transferred securities as of the date of transfer was 8.8 years and the unrealized losses will be amortized over the remaining lives. At December 31, 2022, the net unrealized losses on the transferred securities reported within AOCI were $52.2 million, net of a deferred tax asset of $14.3 million and the weighted-average life on these securities was 8.8 years.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's investments portfolio totaled $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, representing a decrease of $264.3 million, or 17%, for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was driven primarily by:
•Paydowns, calls and maturities of $174.5 million;
•Sales of AFS debt securities of $36.3 million; In 2022, we executed an investment portfolio restructure strategy to sell these securities and simultaneously purchase $32.8M of new securities to increase net interest income and improve our net interest margin.
•A net decrease in the fair value of the AFS debt securities portfolio of $99.6 million, driven primarily by rising interest rates during the year as economic policy tightened in an effort to curb inflationary pressures. As a result of rising interest rates, the 2-year U.S. Treasury increased 368 basis points and the 10-year U.S. Treasury increased 236 basis points to 4.41% and 3.88%, respectively, at December 31, 2022, causing bond prices to fall;
•A decrease of $66.4 million due to the unamortized unrealized losses on the AFS securities that were transferred to HTM in June of 2022;
•Partially offset by purchases of $138.4 million of debt securities during 2022, including the debt securities purchased as part of the Company’s investment restructuring discussed above. The weighted-average life of investments purchased during 2022 was 6.4 years.
Our AFS debt securities portfolio, which comprised 55% and 99% of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, was carried at fair value using level 2 valuation techniques. Refer to Notes 1 and 21 of the consolidated financial statements for further details on the Company's fair value techniques.
The AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio has limited credit risk due to its composition, which includes securities backed by the U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies, highly rated corporate and municipal bonds by nationally recognized rating agencies. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies represented approximately 88% and 91%, respectively, of the AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio. The fair value
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of corporate and municipal bonds carrying a credit rating of “AA” or higher at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was 6% and 6% , respectively, of the AFS and HTM debt securities
Our other investments on the consolidated statements of condition consist of FHLBB and FRB common stock. These investments are carried at cost. We are required to maintain a certain level of investment in FHLBB stock based on our level of FHLBB advances, and maintain a certain level of investment in FRB common stock based on the Bank's capital levels. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our investment in FHLBB stock totaled $7.3 million and $4.9 million, respectively, and our investment in FRB stock was $5.4 million.
Our investments in mutual funds are designated as trading securities and carried at fair value. These investments are held within a rabbi trust and will be used for future payments associated with the Company’s Executive and Director Deferred Compensation Plan. These investments are carried at fair value using level 1 valuation techniques.
The following table sets forth the carrying value of AFS and HTM debt securities along with the percentage distribution as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | ||||||||||
| Trading Securities (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds | $ | 3,990 | — | % | $ | 4,428 | — | % | ||||||
| Total trading securities | 3,990 | — | % | 4,428 | — | % | ||||||||
| AFS Debt Investments (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | — | — | % | 8,344 | — | % | ||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 49,226 | 4 | % | 117,478 | 8 | % | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 514,019 | 41 | % | 1,000,257 | 66 | % | ||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 109,347 | 9 | % | 358,849 | 24 | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 23,283 | 2 | % | 22,558 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total AFS debt investments | 695,875 | 56 | % | 1,507,486 | 99 | % | ||||||||
| HTM Debt Investments (carried at amortized cost): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 7,457 | 1 | % | — | — | % | ||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 55,978 | 4 | % | 1,291 | — | % | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 317,406 | 25 | % | — | — | % | ||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 145,069 | 12 | % | — | — | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 20,673 | 1 | % | — | — | % | ||||||||
| Total HTM debt investments | 546,583 | 43 | % | 1,291 | — | % | ||||||||
| Other Investments (carried at cost): | ||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock | 7,339 | 1 | % | 4,906 | — | % | ||||||||
| FRB stock | 5,374 | — | % | 5,374 | — | % | ||||||||
| Total other investments | 12,713 | 1 | % | 10,280 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,259,161 | 100 | % | $ | 1,523,485 | 100 | % |
The significant decrease in the AFS investments portfolio and increase in the HTM investments portfolio between December 31, 2021 and 2022 was the result of a designation transfer in 2022, refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our transfer from AFS investments to HTM investments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
We continuously monitor and evaluate our investment securities portfolio to identify and assess risks within our portfolio, including, but not limited to, the impact of the current rate environment and the related prepayment risk, and review credit ratings. The overall mix of debt securities at December 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021 remains relatively unchanged
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and well positioned to provide a stable source of cash flow. The duration of our debt investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2022 was 5.8 years, compared to 4.8 years at December 31, 2021. The change in market interest rates was the primary driver in the weighted average life of our debt securities portfolio from 4.8 years at December 31, 2021 to 5.8 years at December 31, 2022. We are currently using investment cash flows to support loan growth or pay-down borrowings, with limited reinvestment back into the investment portfolio.
The Company’s AFS debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position are assessed to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required in accordance with ASU 2016-13. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we did not record any allowances or write-down any of our AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for AFS investments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
In accordance with ASU 2016-13, each reporting period our HTM debt securities are assessed to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we did not record any allowances or write-down any of our HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2022. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for HTM investments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The following table presents the book value and fully-taxable equivalent weighted-average yields of debt investments by
contractual maturity and the carrying value of other investments, for the periods indicated. Actual maturities of debt investments may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay.
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 – 5 years | Due in 5 – 10 years | Due in over 10 years | Amortized Cost | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,457 | $ | — | $ | 7,457 | $ | 8,585 | |||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 500 | 1,866 | 53,521 | 49,769 | 105,656 | 113,377 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 51 | 23,742 | 160,617 | 731,842 | 916,252 | 1,003,869 | |||||||||||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 144 | 9,975 | 40,947 | 216,763 | 267,829 | 361,781 | |||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | — | 13,023 | 22,551 | 10,776 | 46,350 | 22,660 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt investments | $ | 695 | $ | 48,606 | $ | 285,093 | $ | 1,009,150 | $ | 1,343,544 | $ | 1,510,272 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average yield on debt securities(1) | 2.71 | 2.13 | % | 3.23 | % | 2.51 | % | 2.65 | % | 1.75 | % | ||||||||||||
| Other investments(2): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds (fair value) | $ | 3,990 | $ | 4,428 | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock (cost) | 7,339 | 4,906 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FRB stock (cost) | 5,374 | 5,374 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other investments | $ | 16,703 | $ | 14,708 |
(1) Weighted average is calculated by dividing the book value by the book value times tax yield.
(2) There is no scheduled maturity date.
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Loans
The Company provides loans primarily to customers located within our geographic market area. Our primary markets continue to be in Maine, making up 70% and 72% of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Massachusetts and New Hampshire are our second and third largest markets, making up 15% and 14%, respectively, of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2022, compared to 9% and 13%, respectively, as of December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, our distribution channels include 57 branches within Maine, two locations in New Hampshire, including a branch in Portsmouth and a commercial loan production office in Manchester, a mortgage loan production office in Braintree, Massachusetts, and an online residential mortgage and small business digital loan platform.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the non-residential building operators' industry (operators of commercial and industrial buildings, retail establishments, theaters, banks and insurance buildings) and lessors of residential buildings industry (lessors of buildings used as residences, such as single-family homes, apartments and town houses) concentrations were 34% and 28% of our total commercial real estate portfolio and 14% and 11% of total loans, respectively. At December 31, 2022, there were no other industry concentrations within our loan portfolio that exceeded 10% of total loans.
The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio at the dates indicated, as well as the change during 2022:
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | $ | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % of Total Loan Portfolio | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 1,292,443 | 32 | % | $ | 1,178,185 | 34 | % | $ | 114,258 | 10 | % | |||||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 332,494 | 8 | % | 317,275 | 9 | % | 15,219 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||
| Commercial | 429,499 | 11 | % | 363,695 | 11 | % | 65,804 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | 632 | — | % | 35,953 | 1 | % | (35,321) | (98) | % | ||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,700,266 | 42 | % | 1,306,447 | 38 | % | 393,819 | 30 | % | ||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 255,019 | 6 | % | 229,919 | 7 | % | 25,100 | 11 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 4,010,353 | 100 | % | $ | 3,431,474 | 100 | % | $ | 578,879 | 17 | % | |||||||||
| Loan portfolio mix: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 2,055,068 | 51 | % | 1,895,108 | 55 | % | 159,960 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||
| Retail | 1,955,285 | 49 | % | 1,536,366 | 45 | % | 418,919 | 27 | % |
Commercial Real Estate - Non-Owner-Occupied. Non-owner-occupied commercial estate loans are investment properties in which the primary source for repayment of the loan by the borrower is derived from rental income associated with the property or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing, or permanent refinancing of the property. Non owner-occupied commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans to finance investments in real property that may include, but are not limited to, multi-family residential, commercial/retail office space, industrial/warehouse space, hotels, assisted living facilities and other specific use properties. Also included within the non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loan segment are construction projects until they are completed.
Commercial Real Estate - Owner-Occupied. Generally, owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are properties that
are owned and operated by the borrower, and the primary source for repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the borrower's business. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans to finance investments in real property that may include, but are not limited to, commercial/retail office space, restaurants, educational and medical practice facilities and other specific use properties.
SBA PPP. SBA PPP loans are unsecured, fully-guaranteed commercial loans backed by the SBA, issued to qualifying small businesses as part of federal stimulus issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Loans made under the program have terms of two or five years and are to be used by the borrower to offset certain payroll and other operating costs, such as rent and utilities. The loan and accrued interest, or a portion thereof, is eligible for forgiveness by the SBA should the qualifying small business meet certain conditions. These loans were originated under the guidance of the SBA, which has been subject to change. Effective May 31, 2021, the SBA PPP loan program ended and the Company is no longer originating loans under this program.
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Residential Real Estate. Residential real estate loans consist of loans secured by one-to four-family properties, including for investment purposes. We generally retain in our portfolio adjustable rate mortgages, fixed rate mortgages with original terms of 30 years or less, and jumbo/non-conforming residential mortgages.
As part of our overall asset/liability management strategy, we sell residential mortgages we originate to secondary market participants to manage our interest rate risk position and generate non-interest income. Factors we consider in determining which loans to sell, include, but are not limited to, current and future outlook of the interest rate environment; loan terms, including loan size, interest rate, fixed or variable and maturity date; and estimated prepayment speed.
Consumer and Home Equity. Consumer and home equity loans are originated for a wide variety of purposes designed to meet the needs of our customers. Consumer loans include overdraft protection, automobile, boat, recreational vehicle, and mobile home loans, home equity loans and lines, and secured and unsecured personal loans.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, 34% and 27% of the consumer loan portfolio was unsecured, respectively, and 47% of the home equity portfolio was secured by junior lien positions as of each date.
Related Party Transactions
The Bank is permitted, in its normal course of business, to make loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank under terms that are consistent with the Bank’s lending policies and regulatory requirements. In addition to extending loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank on terms consistent with the Bank’s lending policies, federal banking regulations also require training, audit and examination of the adherence to this policy (also known as “Regulation O” requirements). Note 3 and Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements provide information on related party lending and deposit transactions, respectively. We have not entered into significant related party transactions.
Asset Quality
Asset quality is of the upmost importance to the Company, and continues to be of great focus given current and forecasted markets conditions. Our practice is to manage the Company's loan portfolio proactively so that we are able to effectively identify problem credits and trends early, assess and implement effective work-out strategies, and take charge-offs as promptly as practical. In addition, the Company continuously reassesses its underwriting standards in response to credit risk posed by changes in economic conditions. The Company continues to dedicate significant resources to monitor and manage credit risk throughout our loan portfolio and includes management and board-level oversight as follows:
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•The Credit Risk team, Collection and Special Assets team and the Credit Risk Policy Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Collections and Special Assets, Risk, and Commercial and Retail Banking, oversee the Company's systems and procedures to monitor the credit quality of its loan portfolio, conduct a loan review program, and maintain the integrity of the loan rating system.
•The adequacy of the ACL is overseen by the Management Provision Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various Company executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Collections and Special Assets, Compliance, and Commercial and Retail Banking. The Management Provision Committee supports the oversight efforts of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
•The Directors' Credit Committee of the Board of Directors reviews large credit exposures, monitors external loan review reports, reviews the lending authority for individual loan officers when required, and has approval authority and responsibility for all matters regarding the loan policy and other credit-related policies, including reviewing and monitoring asset quality trends, and concentration levels.
•The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has approval authority and oversight responsibility for the ACL adequacy and methodology.
Non-Performing Assets. Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, accruing TDRs, and property acquired through foreclosure or repossession. The following table sets forth the composition and amount of our non-performing loans as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||
| Non-accrual loans: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 11 | $ | 51 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 46 | 133 | |||||
| Commercial | 715 | 829 | |||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | |||||
| Residential real estate | 1,733 | 2,107 | |||||
| Consumer and home equity | 486 | 1,207 | |||||
| Total non-accrual loans | 2,991 | 4,327 | |||||
| Accruing loans past due 90 days | — | — | |||||
| Accruing TDRs (not included above) | 2,114 | 2,392 | |||||
| Total non-performing loans | 5,105 | 6,719 | |||||
| Other real estate owned | — | 165 | |||||
| Total non-performing assets | $ | 5,105 | $ | 6,884 | |||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 4,010,353 | $ | 3,431,474 | |||
| Total assets | $ | 5,671,850 | $ | 5,500,356 | |||
| ACL on loans | $ | 36,922 | $ | 33,256 | |||
| ACL on loans to non-accrual loans | 1,234.44 | % | 768.57 | % | |||
| Non-accrual loans to total loans | 0.07 | % | 0.13 | % | |||
| Non-performing loans to total loans | 0.13 | % | 0.20 | % | |||
| Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.09 | % | 0.13 | % |
Generally, a loan is classified as non-accrual when interest and/or principal payments are 90 days past due or when management believes collecting all principal and interest owed is in doubt. All previously accrued but unpaid interest on non-accrual loans is reversed from interest income in the current period. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans are applied as a reduction of principal. A loan remains on non-accrual status until all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, all future principal and interest payments are reasonably assured, and a consistent repayment record, generally six consecutive payments, has been demonstrated. At that time, we may reclassify the loan to performing. For loans that qualify as TDRs, we will classify the interest collected as interest income once the aforementioned criteria for non-accrual loans is met and demonstrated. However, loans classified as TDRs remain classified as such for the life of the loan, except in limited
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circumstances, when it is determined that the borrower is performing under the modified terms and (i) the loan is subsequently restructured and re-written in a new agreement at an interest rate greater than or equal to an acceptable market rate for a comparable new loan at the time of the restructuring, and (ii) there has been no principal forgiveness. In 2023 the Company adopted ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02") that will eliminate the TDR recognition and measurement guidance and now require the Company to evaluate if any modifications represent a new loan or continuation of an existing loan. The Company believes there will be no material updates to 2023 results from this adoption.
The following table highlights the interest income that would have been recognized if loans on non-accrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms (i.e., “foregone interest income”) and the interest income recognized on non-performing loans and performing TDRs for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| Foregone interest income | $ | 145 | $ | 256 | $ | 335 | |||||
| Interest income recognized on non-performing loans and performing TDRs | 80 | 90 | 128 |
Potential Problem Loans. Potential problem loans consist of classified accruing commercial and commercial real estate loans that were 30-89 days past due. Such loans are characterized by weaknesses in the financial condition of our borrowers or collateral deficiencies. Based on historical experience, the credit quality of some of these loans may improve due to the financial condition of the borrowers or changes in collateral values, while the credit quality of other loans may deteriorate, resulting in some amount of loss. These loans are not included in the above analysis of non-accrual loans. At December 31, 2022, potential problem loans totaled $50,000.
Past Due Loans. Past due loans consist of accruing loans that were 30-89 days past due. The following table presents the recorded investment of past due loans at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 267 | $ | — | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 55 | 47 | |||||
| Commercial | 734 | 552 | |||||
| SBA PPP | 67 | — | |||||
| Residential real estate | 1,038 | 400 | |||||
| Consumer and home equity | 391 | 509 | |||||
| Total loans 30-89 days past due | $ | 2,552 | $ | 1,508 | |||
| Total loans | $ | 4,010,353 | $ | 3,431,474 | |||
| Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.06 | % | 0.04 | % |
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ACL. The following table sets forth information concerning the components of our ACL for the periods indicated:
| At or For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, beginning of period | $ | 33,256 | $ | 37,865 | $ | 25,171 | |||||
| Impact of CECL adoption(1) | — | — | 233 | ||||||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses | 4,430 | (3,817) | 13,215 | ||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)(2): | |||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | (5) | (9) | (17) | ||||||||
| Commercial | 663 | 579 | 558 | ||||||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | 66 | (15) | (171) | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 40 | 237 | 384 | ||||||||
| Total net charge-offs (recoveries) | 764 | 792 | 754 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, end of the period | $ | 36,922 | $ | 33,256 | $ | 37,865 | |||||
| Components of ACL: | |||||||||||
| ACL on loans | $ | 36,922 | $ | 33,256 | $ | 37,865 | |||||
| ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 3,265 | 3,195 | 2,568 | ||||||||
| ACL, end of period | $ | 40,187 | $ | 36,451 | $ | 40,433 | |||||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 4,010,353 | $ | 3,431,474 | $ | 3,219,822 | |||||
| Average loans | $ | 3,710,415 | $ | 3,299,313 | $ | 3,271,378 | |||||
| Net charge-offs to average loans | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | |||||
| Provision (credit) for loan losses to average loans | 0.12 | % | (0.12) | % | 0.40 | % | |||||
| ACL on loans to total loans | 0.92 | % | 0.97 | % | 1.18 | % |
(1) Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, commonly referred to as “CECL.” Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further details.
(2) Additional information related to (credit) provision for loan losses and net (charge-offs) recoveries is presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
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| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Total Charge-offs | Total Recoveries | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans | Ratio of Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | — | $ | 5 | $ | (5) | $ | 1,532,225 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,042 | 379 | 663 | 415,305 | 0.16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | — | 6,999 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 66 | — | 66 | 1,511,985 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 134 | 94 | 40 | 243,901 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,242 | $ | 478 | $ | 764 | $ | 3,710,415 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||
| 2021: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | — | $ | 9 | $ | (9) | $ | 1,412,884 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 799 | 220 | 579 | 361,256 | 0.16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | — | 118,414 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 92 | 107 | (15) | 1,156,698 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 273 | 36 | 237 | 250,061 | 0.09 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,164 | $ | 372 | $ | 792 | $ | 3,299,313 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||
| 2020: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 103 | $ | 120 | $ | (17) | $ | 1,310,160 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,130 | 572 | 558 | 417,160 | 0.13 | % | |||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | — | 146,918 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 121 | 292 | (171) | 1,085,064 | (0.02) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 484 | 100 | 384 | 312,076 | 0.12 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,838 | $ | 1,084 | $ | 754 | $ | 3,271,378 | 0.02 | % |
The following table sets forth information concerning the allocation of the ACL on loans by loan categories at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 17,296 | 32 | % | $ | 18,834 | 34 | % | ||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 2,362 | 8 | % | 2,539 | 9 | % | ||||||||
| Commercial | 5,445 | 11 | % | 4,183 | 11 | % | ||||||||
| SBA PPP | 1 | — | % | 19 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | 9,089 | 42 | % | 6,133 | 38 | % | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 2,729 | 6 | % | 1,548 | 7 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 36,922 | 100 | % | $ | 33,256 | 100 | % |
There was no ACL on AFS or HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.
Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of our CECL model macroeconomic factors (i.e. loss drivers), and refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for
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discussion of the risk characteristics for each portfolio segment considered when evaluating the ACL, as well as factors driving the change in the ACL on loans at December 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021.
Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets
Upon completion of an acquisition the Company will likely generate goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill represents the price paid in excess of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Through the acquisition of other financial institutions, core deposit intangible assets are recognized at the estimated fair value of the acquired non-maturity deposit customer relationships. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment as of November 30th annually, or more frequently as determined by management, and core deposit intangible assets are reviewed when a triggering event suggests such a review necessary.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, goodwill totaled $94.7 million. Through our annual impairment analysis performed as of November 30, 2022, we determined goodwill was not impaired. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of the testing performed.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, core deposit intangible assets totaled $1.6 million and $2.2 million, respectively, and related amortization was $625,000, $655,000, and $682,000 for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There were no indications of potential risk of impairment of core deposit intangible assets for any of the aforementioned years.
Investment in BOLI
BOLI is presented in the consolidated statements of condition at its cash surrender value. Increases in BOLI’s cash surrender value are reported as a component of non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
BOLI was $99.1 million and $97.2 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase year-over-year reflects the increase in the cash surrender value. BOLI provides a means to mitigate increasing employee benefit costs. We expect to benefit from the BOLI contracts as a result of the tax-free growth in cash surrender value and death benefits that are expected to be generated over time. The largest risk to the BOLI program is credit risk of the insurance carriers. Currently we have on stable value account that is subject to a wrapper and approximately 10% of the portfolio while the remaining amounts are in general accounts. To mitigate this risk, annual financial condition reviews are completed on all carriers and limit each carrier to only 10% of the portfolio. BOLI is invested in the “general account” of quality insurance companies or in separate account products, 94% of our balances are with insurance carriers that had an A.M. Best rating of “B++” or better at December 31, 2022.
Deposits
The Company receives checking, savings and time deposits primarily from customers located within our geographic market area. Other forms of deposits include brokered deposits and deposits with the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry System. Total deposits at December 31, 2022 were $4.8 billion, which included brokered deposits of $181.3 million. Total deposits at December 31, 2022 increased $219.0 million, or 5%, over December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily within core deposits (non-GAAP), which grew $254.5 million, or 6%, over this period, primarily due to the sharp rise in short term interest rates. Over the same period, CDs decreased $9.2 million, or 3%.
At December 31, 2022, the Company had no customer relationships that exceeded 10% of total deposits.
Uninsured Deposits. Total deposits that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, were $2.0 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. The Company has pledged certain securities as collateral covering certain deposits in the amount of $378.1 million and $347.0 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The portion of CDs that exceeded the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000, at December 31, 2022 was $84.5 million. At December 31, 2022, the Company does not have CDs that are otherwise uninsured.
Borrowings and Advances
We utilize a variety of funding sources to manage our borrowings, including, but not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances, customer and wholesale repurchase agreements, and subordinated debentures. We proactively monitor our borrowings through Management and Board ALCO as part of prudent balance sheet, earnings, and
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liquidity management. As part of our liquidity management, we use internal designations of “short-term” and “long-term” borrowings, and manage our borrowings within each designation:
•Short-term borrowings include, but are not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances with maturity within one year of origination, and customer repurchase agreements.
•Long-term borrowings may include, but are not limited to, FHLBB advances with maturity greater than one year, wholesale repurchase agreements, and subordinated debentures.
At December 31, 2022, short-term borrowings were $265.2 million, representing an increase of $53.6 million, or 25%, since December 31, 2021. Short-term FHLBB borrowings were used as additional funding to supplement strong asset growth during 2022, primarily the result of loan growth.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any long-term borrowings, except for junior subordinated debentures totaling $44.3 million.
Short-Term Borrowings. The following table below provides certain information on our short-term borrowings at and for the period ended:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||
| FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 18,725 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 52,908 | 297 | 7,545 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 102,225 | — | 10,725 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 2.43 | % | 0.40 | % | 1.37 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 4.38 | % | — | % | — | % | |||||
| FHLBB advances (less than one year): | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 50,000 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 27,192 | — | 27,381 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 50,000 | — | 50,000 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 2.94 | % | — | % | 0.59 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 4.93 | % | — | % | — | % | |||||
| Customer repurchase agreements: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 196,451 | $ | 211,608 | $ | 162,439 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 215,761 | 185,246 | 205,890 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 268,876 | 217,320 | 265,997 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 0.51 | % | 0.31 | % | 0.64 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 1.00 | % | 0.25 | % | 0.34 | % |
Junior Subordinated Debentures. In connection with the formation of CCTA and UBCT, and the issuance and sale of trust preferred securities to the public, we received and had outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021, junior subordinated debentures totaling $44.3 million.
FHLBB Collateral. FHLBB short-term and long-term borrowings are collateralized by a blanket lien on qualified collateral consisting primarily of loans with first mortgages secured by one- to four-family properties, certain commercial real estate loans, certain pledged investment securities and other qualified assets. The carrying value of residential real estate and commercial loans pledged as collateral was $1.8 billion and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral at the FHLBB was $22,000 and $26,000 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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Shareholders’ Equity
Total shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2022 was $451.3 million, which was a decrease of $90.0 million, or 17%, since December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by the following:(1) a decrease in the fair value of the Company's AFS debt securities of $130.4 million, net of tax; (2) dividends declared of $23.7 million for the year ended 2022; and (3) repurchase of 225,245 shares of the Company's common stock for a total cost of $10.2 million, partially offset by the normal operating activities, including net income of $61.4 for the year ended 2022.
At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital guidelines, and, specifically, the Bank met the capital ratios necessary to be considered “well capitalized” under prompt corrective action provisions for each period. There were no changes to the Company or the Bank's capital that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2022 that would change the Company or Bank's regulatory capital categorization.
In January 2023, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 750,000 shares of the Company's common stock, representing approximately 5.0% of the Company's issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31, 2022. This program replaces the 2022 program and will continue until the earlier of: (1) authorized number of shares are repurchased, (2) the Company's Board of Directors terminates the program or (3) January 3, 2024. (12 months from the announcement of the new program). Purchases under the new program may be made at the Company's discretion from time to time in the open market, through block trades or otherwise, and in privately negotiated transactions, subject to market conditions and other factors, and in accordance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
Refer to “—Capital Resources” and Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company's capital position.
The following table presents certain information regarding shareholders’ equity for the periods indicated:
| As of and For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| Financial Ratios | |||||||||||
| Average equity to average assets | 8.51 | % | 10.33 | % | 10.39 | % | |||||
| Common equity ratio | 7.96 | % | 9.84 | % | 10.81 | % | |||||
| Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) | 6.37 | % | 8.22 | % | 8.99 | % | |||||
| Dividend payout ratio | 38.76 | % | 32.03 | % | 33.33 | % | |||||
| Per Share Data | |||||||||||
| Book value per share | $ | 30.98 | $ | 36.72 | $ | 35.50 | |||||
| Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) | $ | 24.37 | $ | 30.15 | $ | 28.96 | |||||
| Dividends declared per share | $ | 1.62 | $ | 1.48 | $ | 1.32 |
LIQUIDITY
Our liquidity needs require the availability of cash to meet the withdrawal demands of depositors and credit commitments to borrowers. Liquidity is defined as our ability to maintain availability of funds to meet customer needs, as well as to support our asset base. The primary objective of liquidity management is to maintain a balance between sources and uses of funds to meet our cash flow needs in the most economical and expedient manner. Due to the potential for unexpected fluctuations in both deposits and loans, active management of liquidity is necessary. We maintain various sources of funding and levels of liquid assets and monitor liquidity in accordance with internal guidelines and all applicable regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's liquidity level exceeded its target. We believe that we currently have appropriate liquidity available to respond to demands. Sources of funds that we utilize consist of deposits; borrowings from the FHLBB and other sources; cash flows from loans and investments; and cash flows from operations, including other contractual obligations and commitments.
We believe that our level of liquidity is sufficient to meet current and future funding requirements; however, changes in economic conditions, including consumer saving habits and the availability or access to the brokered deposit and wholesale repurchase markets, could significantly affect our liquidity position.
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Deposits. Deposits continue to represent our primary source of funds. For 2022, total deposits were $4.8 billion, an increase of 5% over December 31, 2021. Total deposit growth during 2022 was driven by growth in core deposits (which exclude CDs and brokered deposits) (non-GAAP) of $254.5 million, or 6%. Included within money market deposits for 2022 and 2021 were $73.5 million and $63.9 million, respectively, of deposits from Camden National Wealth Management, which represent client funds. These deposits fluctuate with changes in the portfolios of the clients of Camden National Wealth Management. Time deposits are generally considered to be more interest rate sensitive than other deposits and, therefore, more likely to be withdrawn to obtain higher yields elsewhere if available.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of CDs as of December 31, 2022:
| (In thousands) | CDs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 206,621 | |
| 1 year | 93,830 | ||
| Total | $ | 300,451 |
Brokered deposits totaled $181.2 million at December 31, 2022, and consisted of $98.9 million of brokered CDs and $82.3 million of brokered money market accounts. All $98.9 million of the CDs will mature during 2023.
Borrowings. Borrowings are used to supplement deposits as a source of liquidity. Our primary sources of borrowings are with the FHLBB and customer repurchase agreements, but may also include alternative sources such as various forms of subordinated debentures. For the year ended 2022, total borrowings increased $53.6 million, or 21%, to $309.5 million compared to the same period last year. Our practice is to secure borrowings from the FHLBB with qualified commercial and residential real estate loans, home equity loans and certain investment securities. At December 31, 2022, total borrowing capacity was $710.8 million. Customer repurchase agreements are secured by mortgage-backed securities and government-sponsored enterprises. Through the Bank, we also have available lines of credit with the FHLBB of $9.9 million, with a correspondent bank of $50.0 million, and with the FRB Discount Window of $42.4 million as of December 31, 2022. Additionally, the Company also has a $10.0 million line of credit with a correspondent bank that matures on December 15, 2023. We also believe that we have additional untapped access to the brokered deposit market and wholesale reverse repurchase transaction market. These sources are considered as liquidity alternatives in our contingent liquidity plan.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of borrowings as of December 31, 2022:
| (In thousands) | FHLBB Advances | Customer Repurchase Agreements | Subordinated Debentures | Total | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 68,725 | $ | 196,451 | $ | — | $ | 265,176 | |||||||
| 1 year | — | — | 44,331 | 44,331 | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | 68,725 | $ | 196,451 | $ | 44,331 | $ | 309,507 |
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Loans. Contractual loan repayments also affect our liquidity position. Actual speed and timing of repayment may differ materially from contract terms due to prepayments or nonpayment. The Company's residential mortgage loan portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of loans on the secondary market, as needed. As of December 31, 2022, qualifying loans with a book value of $1.6 billion were pledged as collateral.
The following table presents the contractual maturities of loans at the date indicated:
| December 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 Year or Less | Due after 1 Year Through 5 Years | Due After 5 Years Through 15 Years | Due in More than 15 Years | Total | Percent of Total Loans | |||||||||||||||||
| Maturity Distribution(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | $ | 17,913 | $ | 173,259 | $ | 592,000 | $ | 2,096 | $ | 785,268 | 20 | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 9,106 | 99,097 | 89,664 | 446 | 198,313 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 305 | 10,006 | 175,713 | 1,164,477 | 1,350,501 | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 2,926 | 11,993 | 23,454 | 168,034 | 206,407 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed rate | 30,250 | 294,355 | 880,831 | 1,335,053 | 2,540,489 | 63 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Variable Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | 4,777 | 181,387 | 396,632 | 256,873 | 839,669 | 21 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 50,712 | 111,411 | 59,211 | 10,484 | 231,818 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 31 | 929 | 39,898 | 308,908 | 349,766 | 9 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 316 | 2,489 | 11,340 | 34,466 | 48,611 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total variable rate | 55,836 | 296,216 | 507,081 | 610,731 | 1,469,864 | 37 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 86,086 | $ | 590,571 | $ | 1,387,912 | $ | 1,945,784 | $ | 4,010,353 | 100 | % |
(1) Scheduled repayments are reported in the maturity category in which payment is due. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less.
(2) Commercial real estate loans includes non-owner-occupied and owner-occupied properties.
Additionally, we have active relationships with various secondary market investors that purchase residential mortgage loans we originate. In addition to managing our interest rate risk position and earnings through the sale of these loans, we are also able to manage our liquidity position through timely sales of residential mortgage loans to the secondary market. For the year ended 2022, we sold 20%, or $152.7 million, of our residential mortgage loan originations to the secondary market, which was down from 44%, or $471.5 million, for 2021.
Investments. We generally invest in amortizing MBS and CMO debt securities that return cash flow at an accelerated rate in comparison to other types of debt securities that are of a bullet structure. MBS and CMO debt security cash flow will vary depending on the interest rate environment because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties. The rise in interest rates during 2022 resulted in slowing cash flows. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's MBS and CMO debt securities portfolio totaled 87% and 90%, respectively, of the Company's investment portfolio. The investment portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of investments on the secondary market, if needed. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, $277.0 million and $867.4 million, or 40% and 58%, respectively, were designated as AFS and not pledged as collateral. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, $210.0 million and $0, or 38% and 0%, respectively, were designated as HTM and not pledged as collateral.
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The following is a summary of the scheduled cash flows from our debt securities portfolio, including investments designated as AFS and HTM, as of December 31, 2022:
| (In thousands) | ContractualCash Flows(1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 105,514 | |||||||
| 1 year | 1,197,639 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,303,153 |
(1) Expected contractual cash flows could differ as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Other Liquidity Requirements. The Company generates cash flows from earnings through its normal course of business from earnings and, although not contractual, the Company has a history of paying a quarterly cash dividend to its shareholders and repurchasing its shares of common stock. For the year ended 2022, the Company reported $61.4 million of net income, paid cash dividends of $23.5 million to shareholders and repurchased shares of its common stock for $10.2 million.
Also through its normal operations, the Company is party to several other contractual obligations not previously discussed, such as various lease agreements on a number of its branches. Renewal options within the various lease contracts, as applicable, were considered to determine the lease term and estimate the contractual obligation and commitment for the Company's operating and finance leases. Furthermore, certain lease contracts of the Company contain language that subject its rent payment to variability, such as those tied to an index or change in an index. As a result, the future contractual obligation and commitment may differ materially from that estimated and disclosed within the table below. At December 31, 2022, we had the following lease and other contractual obligations to make future payments under each of these contracts as follows:
| Total Amount Committed | Payments Due Per Period | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 1 Year or Less | 1 Year | |||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 13,498 | $ | 1,380 | $ | 12,118 | |||||
| Finance leases | 7,122 | 311 | 6,811 | ||||||||
| Other contractual obligations | 6,390 | 6,390 | — | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 27,010 | $ | 8,081 | $ | 18,929 |
The Company's estimated lease liability for its various operating and finance leases was reported within other liabilities on our consolidated statements of condition. Please refer to Notes 1 and 6 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of our leases.
In the normal course of business, we are a party to credit related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, which are not reflected in the consolidated statements of condition. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Many of the commitments will expire without being drawn upon, and thus, the total amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Refer to Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details.
We use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes (primarily interest rate risk) and not for trading or speculative purposes. These contracts with our various counterparties may subject the Company to various cash flow requirements, which may include posting of cash as collateral (or other assets) for arrangements that the Company is in a liability position (i.e. “underwater”). Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives and hedge instruments.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
As part of our goal to operate a safe, sound and profitable financial organization, we are committed to maintaining a strong capital base. Shareholders’ equity totaled $451.3 million and $541.3 million at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which amounted to 8% and 10% of total assets, respectively. Refer to “—Financial Condition—Shareholders' Equity” for discussion regarding changes in shareholders' equity since December 31, 2021.
Our principal cash requirement is the payment of dividends on our common stock, as and when declared by the Company's Board of Directors. We declared dividends to shareholders in the aggregate amount of $23.7 million, or $1.62 per share, $22.1 million, or $1.48 per share, and $19.8 million, or $1.32 per share, for the years ended 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company's Board of Directors approves cash dividends on a quarterly basis after careful analysis and consideration of various factors, including the following: (i) capital position relative to total assets, (ii) risk-based assets, (iii) total classified assets, (iv) economic conditions, (v) growth rates for total assets and total liabilities, (vi) earnings performance and projections and (vii) strategic initiatives and related capital requirements. All dividends declared and distributed by the Company will be in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and state corporate law.
We are primarily dependent upon the payment of cash dividends by the Bank, our wholly-owned subsidiary, to service our commitments. We, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, are entitled to dividends, when and as declared by the Bank's Board of Directors from legally available funds. For the years ended 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Bank declared dividends payable to the Company in the amount of $31.7 million, $41.7 million, and $39.4 million, respectively. Under OCC regulations, the Bank generally may not declare a dividend in excess of the Bank’s undivided profits or, absent OCC approval, if the total amount of dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of the Bank's retained net income for the current year plus its retained net income for the prior two years. If we are required to use dividends from the Bank to service unforeseen commitments in the future, we may be required to reduce the dividends paid to our shareholders going forward.
Please refer to Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of the Company and Bank's capital regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company and Bank met all regulatory capital requirements and the Bank continues to be classified as “well capitalized” under prompt corrective action provisions.
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RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company’s Board of Directors and management have identified significant risk categories which affect the Company. The risk categories include: credit; liquidity; market; interest rate; capital; operational and technology, including cybersecurity; vendor and third party; people and compensation; compliance and legal; and strategic alignment and reputation. The Board of Directors has approved an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) Policy that addresses each category of risk. The direct oversight and responsibility for the Company's risk management program has been delegated to the Company's Executive Vice President, Enterprise Risk Management and Chief Risk Officer, who is a member of the Executive Committee and reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer.
During 2020 and 2021, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic increased many of the risks that we faced, including our credit, operational, vendor and third party, and technology risks. Over the course of 2022, the Company largely experienced a return to a pre-pandemic environment, and experienced minimal business or operational disruption related to the pandemic. During 2022, the Company reevaluated its “return-to-office” strategy that was implemented late in 2021 and determined to continue to operate under such strategy, which requires certain employees to work from the Company’s offices full-time, and permits others employees to work through a hybrid model (i.e., work from home part-time and from one of the Company's physical locations part-time) or to work remotely full-time. As of December 31, 2022, approximately 55% of the Company’s non-branch employees were working under a hybrid or remote arrangement. The Company continues to monitor, evaluate and address risks that may arise in connection with hybrid and remote work arrangements, such as potential cybersecurity risks, as described in more detail below.
The Company is, and may become, subject to other risks. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for further description of the Company's material risks.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from an obligor's failure to meet the terms of any contract with the Company or otherwise to perform as agreed. It is found in all activities in which success depends on counterparty, issuer or borrower performance. It arises any time funds are extended, committed, invested or otherwise exposed through actual or implied contractual agreements, whether reflected on or off the Company's balance sheet. The Company makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of its loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers and counterparties and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of loans. For further discussion regarding credit risk and the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, refer to “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from the Company’s inability to meet its obligations when they come due, without incurring unacceptable losses. Liquidity risk includes the inability to manage unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources. Liquidity risk also arises from the failure to recognize or address changes in market conditions that affect the ability to liquidate assets quickly and with minimal loss in value. For further discussion regarding the Company's management of liquidity risk, refer to the “—Liquidity” section.
Market Risk. Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The ongoing monitoring and management of this risk is an important component of our asset and liability management process, which is governed by policies established by the Bank’s Board of Directors that are reviewed and approved annually. The Board ALCO delegates responsibility for carrying out the asset/liability management policies to Management ALCO. In this capacity, Management ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting our asset/liability management-related activities based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels and trends. Board ALCO meets on a quarterly basis to review strategies, policies, economic conditions and various activities as part of the management of these risks.
Certain of the Company's revenues are asset-based and determined as a percentage of the value of a client's assets under management. Such values are affected by changes in financial markets, such as interest rate risk, equity prices, and foreign exchange rates, and, accordingly, declines in the financial market may negatively impact its revenue. At December 31, 2022, client assets under management by Camden National Wealth Management were $1.0 billion. It is estimated that a 1% increase or decrease in client assets under management would have resulted in an annualized increase or decrease in reported 2022 income from fiduciary services of $63,000.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary component of our earnings. Board ALCO and Management ALCO utilize the results of a
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detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. While Board ALCO and Management ALCO routinely monitor simulated net interest income sensitivity over a rolling two-year horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated statements of condition, as well as for derivative financial instruments. This sensitivity analysis is compared to internal ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one- and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth or change in composition, given a 200 basis point upward and downward shift in interest rates. Although our policy specifies a downward shift of 200 basis points, this would have resulted in negative rates as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 as many deposit and funding rates were below 2.00%. In this case, a downward shift of 100 basis points was the only down scenario performed. A parallel and pro rata shift in rates over a 12-month period is assumed. Using this approach, we are able to produce simulation results that illustrate the effect that both a gradual change of rates and a “rate shock” have on earnings expectations. In the down 100 and 200 basis points scenarios, Federal Funds and Treasury yields are floored at 0.01% while Prime is floored at 3.00%. All other market rates are floored at the lesser of current levels or 0.25%.
As of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflected the following changes to net interest income assuming no balance sheet growth or change in composition, and a parallel shift in interest rates. All rate changes were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder of the ALCO simulation horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As of December 31, | |||||||||
| Rate Change from Year 1 – Base | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||
| Year 1 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | (3.93) | % | 0.80 | % | 1.52 | % | |||
| -100 basis points | N/A | (1.32) | % | (0.67) | % | ||||
| -200 basis points | 3.06 | % | N/A | N/A | |||||
| Year 2 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | 8.78 | % | 5.63 | % | 7.72 | % | |||
| -100 basis points | N/A | (10.46) | % | (7.78) | % | ||||
| -200 basis points | 11.57 | % | N/A | N/A |
The preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Based upon the net interest income simulation models, the Company expects that liabilities will reprice faster than assets as market rates rise over the first year and result in lower net interest income, or conversely, net interest income would increase should market rates decline over this period. When compared to current net interest income levels, net interest income is expected to increase in year two of the net interest income simulation models in both the rising and declining rate scenarios.
Periodically, if deemed appropriate, we use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to hedge our interest rate risk position. The Board of Directors has approved hedging policy statements governing the use of these instruments. As of December 31, 2022, we had interest rate swap agreements with a total notional of $43.0 million related to our junior subordinated debentures, $100.0 million of notional interest swap agreements on variable rate loans to mitigate exposure to falling interest rates, $50.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on variable rate deposits to mitigate exposure to rising rates, $50.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on short term funding to mitigate exposure to rising rates, which is scheduled to mature in March 2023, and $281.9 million of notional interest rate swap agreements related to commercial loan level derivative program with both our commercial customers and a corresponding swap dealer. In the first quarter of 2023, we entered into interest rate swaps to hedge fixed-rate residential mortgages using the
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“portfolio layer” method. The Board and Management ALCO monitor derivative activities relative to their expectations and our hedging policies. Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives instruments.
LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate for certain floating rate loans, deposits and borrowings, and off-balance sheet exposures of the Company. The administrator of LIBOR has announced that the publication of the most commonly used U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings will cease to be provided or will cease to be representative after June 30, 2023. The publication of all other LIBOR settings ceased to be provided or ceased to be representative as of December 31, 2021. As such, the Company has an internal project team that is focused on an orderly transition from LIBOR to alternative reference rates, including SOFR. The working group has identified its products that utilize LIBOR and has implemented fallback language to facilitate the transition to alternative rates. The Company is also currently assessing the applicability and scope of the Adjustable Interest Rate (LIBOR) Act (the “LIBOR Act”), and its implementing regulations, which were finalized in December 2022. The LIBOR Act and its implementing regulations establish a process for replacing LIBOR on existing LIBOR contracts that do not provide for the use of a clearly defined or practicable replacement benchmark rate with a benchmark replacement based on SOFR. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has no LIBOR-based deposits.
Capital Risk. Capital risk is the risk that an investor may lose all or part of the principal amount invested. The Company faces this risk as it manages its balance sheet and has investments or loans that may lose all or part of the principal amount the Company has invested, which can have an impact on shareholders' equity. The Company also faces capital risk in that the entity may lose value on components of its shareholders' equity. The regulatory environment mandates the Company and Bank maintain certain levels of capital. These capital levels can change based upon regulatory changes, which can then impact what the Company is able to accomplish from a strategic perspective. For further discussion regarding capital risk and management of this risk, refer to “—Capital Resources,” and Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements.
Operational Risk. Operational risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings and capital arising from fraud, error and the inability to deliver products or services, maintain a competitive position and manage information. Risk is inherent in efforts to gain strategic advantage and in the failure to keep pace with changes in the financial services marketplace. Operational risk is evident in each product and service offered by the Company and encompasses product development and delivery, transaction processing, systems development, change management, complexity of products and services, human resource elements and the internal control environment. The risk that transactions may not be processed on time or correctly can have significant impact on the Bank’s reputation, which can result in compliance violations and fines, and/or other financial risks.
The Company manages operational risk through a series of internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. These programs include various internal and external audit programs, internal committees to oversee compliance with programs and remedial actions, if necessary, and various documented policies, procedures and framework for addressing such risks.
Technology Risk, including Cybersecurity. Technology Risk is the risk of financial loss, disruption or damage to the reputation of an organization resulting from the failure of its information technology systems, weak computing infrastructure, or a breach of information technology systems. Technology and cybersecurity risk could materialize in a variety of ways, such as unpatched or vulnerable computing systems, deliberate and unauthorized breaches of security to gain access to information systems, unintentional or accidental breaches of security, operational information technology risks due to factors such as poor system integrity, weak computing infrastructure and/or a weak Cybersecurity protection program.
Poorly managed technology and cybersecurity risk can leave an institution exposed to a variety of cyber crimes, with consequences ranging from data disruption to economic destitution. Reputation risk due to a technology and/or cybersecurity event can be significant to overcome depending on the severity of the event.
The Company manages technology and cybersecurity risks through its internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. These programs include various internal and external audit programs, internal committees to oversee compliance with programs and remedial actions, if necessary, and various documented policies, procedures and framework for addressing such risks. Additionally, the Board actively oversees risks related to cybersecurity through various committees that are responsible for developing a comprehensive technology plan and monitoring and testing the Company's information security. The Company has also developed a Cybersecurity Incident Response Team (“CSIRT”) that is responsible for monitoring, detecting, responding to and reporting cybersecurity incidents. The CSIRT uses a variety of monitoring and testing techniques to protect the integrity of the Company's systems and the security of confidential information.
Vendor and Third Party Risk. Vendor and third party risk represents the risk related to outsourced activities and in certain situations includes reliance on vendors to deliver services on our behalf. The Company has many service partners and an
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increasing reliance on outsourced services, which places greater risk on the Company through these many partners. These relationships are controlled by contracts and service level agreements, but represent increasing risk to the Company.
The Company manages vendor and third party risk through its vendor management program, which includes robust due diligence and risk assessment prior to engaging a new vendor, annual review of certain vendors dependent on the services provided by the vendor and the risk the vendor may present to the Company through our reliance on its services.
People and Compensation Risk. People and compensation risk includes: (1) the risk of employee dishonesty, incompetence or error; (2) the risk of not having individuals with adequate training and experience to properly discharge their responsibilities; (3) the risk of not having sufficient depth of personnel to provide back up for critical functions; (4) the risk of lawsuit by employees alleging improper actions by or on behalf of the Company; (5) succession planning; and (6) compensation risk, which includes having compensation plans that effectively allow the Company to hire and keep the right talent, and properly designed compensation and incentive programs to promote ethical behavior and assure that excessive risk is not encouraged.
The Company manages people and compensation risk through annual risk assessments of various compensation and incentive plans, oversight by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the use of third party compensation consultants, and various insurance programs.
Compliance and Legal Risk. Compliance and legal risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from violations of, or nonconformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or ethical standards. This risk exposes the Company to fines, civil money penalties, payment of damages, and the voiding of contracts. Compliance risk can lead to diminished reputation, reduced franchise value, limited business opportunities, reduced expansion potential, and an inability to enforce contracts. Legal risk exists in generally all activity of the Company where there is any possibility that the Company will become subject to liability for improper actions.
The Company manages compliance and legal risk through various internal and external audit programs, use of third parties for consulting and legal support, ongoing compliance risk assessments, the ERM Committee and various insurance programs.
Strategic Alignment Risk. Strategic alignment risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings or capital arising from adverse business decisions, improper implementation of decisions, or lack of responsiveness to industry changes. This risk is a function of the compatibility of the Company's strategic goals, the business strategies developed to achieve those goals, the resources deployed against these goals, and the quality of implementation.
Reputation Risk. Reputation risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings and capital arising from negative public opinion. The reputation of financial services companies can be based on brand and trust, and the loss of brand or trust can negatively impact the Company's operations and financial results. Reputation risk exposure is present throughout the organization and our interactions with our various stakeholders, including, but not limited to, our customers, communities and investors.
The Company manages its strategic alignment and reputation risk through various internal policies and programs, including, but not limited to, the Company's core values, code of ethics policy, financial code of ethics policy, Audit Committee complaint policy, employee handbook, and other policies and programs, as well as through strategic planning and oversight by the Board of Directors.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the consolidated financial statements.
FY 2021 10-K MD&A
SEC filing source: 0000750686-22-000034.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The discussion below focuses on the factors affecting our consolidated results of operations for the year ended
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 and financial condition at December 31, 2021 and 2020 and, where appropriate, factors that may affect our future financial performance, unless stated otherwise. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, notes to the consolidated financial statements and selected consolidated financial data.
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The following is provided to aid the reader and provide a reference page when reviewing this section of the Form 10-K:
| Acronym | Description | Acronym | Description | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFS: | Available-for-sale | FRBB: | Federal Reserve Bank of Boston | |||
| ALCO: | Asset/Liability Committee | GAAP: | Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States | |||
| ACL: | Allowance for credit losses | GDP: | Gross domestic product | |||
| AOCI: | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | HPFC: | Healthcare Professional Funding Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Bank | |||
| ASC: | Accounting Standards Codification | HTM: | Held-to-maturity | |||
| ASU: | Accounting Standards Update | IRS: | Internal Revenue Service | |||
| Bank: | Camden National Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Camden National Corporation | LGD: | Loss given default | |||
| BOLI: | Bank-owned life insurance | LIBOR: | London Interbank Offered Rate | |||
| Board ALCO: | Board of Directors' Asset/Liability Committee | LTIP: | Long-Term Performance Share Plan | |||
| CARES Act: | Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, issued by the Federal government in response to COVID-19 in March 2020 | Management ALCO: | Management Asset/Liability Committee | |||
| CCTA: | Camden Capital Trust A, an unconsolidated entity formed by Camden National Corporation | MBS: | Mortgage-backed security | |||
| CD: | Certificate of deposits | MSPP: | Management Stock Purchase Plan | |||
| CECL: | Current Expected Credit Losses | N/A: | Not applicable | |||
| Company: | Camden National Corporation | N.M.: | Not meaningful | |||
| CMO: | Collateralized mortgage obligation | OCC: | Office of the Comptroller of the Currency | |||
| CUSIP: | Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures | OCI: | Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||
| DCRP: | Defined Contribution Retirement Plan | OREO: | Other real estate owned | |||
| EPS: | Earnings per share | OTTI: | Other-than-temporary impairment | |||
| FASB: | Financial Accounting Standards Board | PD: | Probability of default | |||
| FDIC: | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | ROU: | Right-of-use | |||
| FHLB: | Federal Home Loan Bank | SBA: | U.S. Small Business Administration | |||
| FHLBB: | Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston | SBA PPP: | U.S. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program | |||
| FHLMC: | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation | SERP: | Supplemental executive retirement plans | |||
| FNMA: | Federal National Mortgage Association | TDR: | Troubled-debt restructured loan | |||
| FOMC: | Federal Open Market Committee | UBCT: | Union Bankshares Capital Trust I, an unconsolidated entity formed by Union Bankshares Company that was subsequently acquired by Camden National Corporation | |||
| FRB: | Federal Reserve System Board of Governors | U.S.: | United States of America |
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND RECONCILIATION TO GAAP
In addition to evaluating the Company’s results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as return on average tangible equity; the efficiency ratio; net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent); earnings before income taxes and provision; earnings before income taxes, provision, and SBA PPP loan income; total loans, excluding SBA PPP loans; ACL on loans to total loans, excluding SBA PPP loans; adjusted yield on interest-earning assets and adjusted net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent); tangible book value per share; tangible common equity ratio; and core deposits and average core deposits. We utilize these non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of measuring our performance against our peer group and other financial institutions and analyzing our internal performance. We also believe these non-GAAP financial measures help investors better understand the Company’s operating performance and trends and allow for better performance comparisons to other banks. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures remove the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP operating results, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other financial institutions.
Return on Average Tangible Equity. Return on average tangible equity is the ratio of (i) net income, adjusted for tax effected amortization of core deposit intangible assets and other adjustments, as necessary, to (ii) average shareholders' equity, adjusted for average goodwill and core deposit intangible assets. This adjusted financial ratio reflects a shareholders' return on tangible capital deployed in our business and is a common performance measure within the financial services industry.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 69,014 | $ | 59,486 | $ | 57,203 | |||||
| Add: amortization of intangible assets, net of tax(1) | 517 | 539 | 557 | ||||||||
| Net income, adjusted for amortization of intangible assets | $ | 69,531 | $ | 60,025 | $ | 57,760 | |||||
| Average equity, as presented | $ | 542,725 | $ | 503,624 | $ | 459,865 | |||||
| Less: average goodwill and other intangible assets | (97,211) | (97,880) | (98,570) | ||||||||
| Average tangible equity | $ | 445,514 | $ | 405,744 | $ | 361,295 | |||||
| Return on average equity | 12.72 | % | 11.81 | % | 12.44 | % | |||||
| Return on average tangible equity | 15.61 | % | 14.79 | % | 15.99 | % |
(1) Assumed a 21% income tax rate.
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Efficiency Ratio. The efficiency ratio represents an approximate measure of the cost required for the Company to generate a dollar of revenue. This is a common measure used by financial institutions and is a key ratio for evaluating Company performance. The efficiency ratio is calculated as the ratio of (i) total non-interest expense, adjusted for certain operating expenses to (ii) net interest income on a tax equivalent basis plus total non-interest income, adjusted for certain other income items, as necessary.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Non-interest expense, as presented | $ | 103,720 | $ | 99,983 | $ | 95,303 | |||||
| Less: legal settlement | — | (1,200) | — | ||||||||
| Less: prepayment fees on borrowings | (514) | — | — | ||||||||
| Adjusted non-interest expense | $ | 103,206 | $ | 98,783 | $ | 95,303 | |||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 137,436 | $ | 136,307 | $ | 127,630 | |||||
| Add: effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 988 | 1,155 | 1,029 | ||||||||
| Non-interest income, as presented | 49,735 | 50,490 | 42,113 | ||||||||
| Add (Less): net loss (gain) on sale of securities | — | — | 105 | ||||||||
| Adjusted net interest income plus non-interest income | $ | 188,159 | $ | 187,952 | $ | 170,877 | |||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues(2) | 55.41 | % | 53.52 | % | 56.15 | % | |||||
| Efficiency ratio | 54.85 | % | 52.56 | % | 55.77 | % |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
(2) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Net Interest Income (Fully-Taxable Equivalent). Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis is net interest income plus the taxes that would have been paid had tax-exempt securities been taxable. This number attempts to enhance the comparability of the performance of assets that have different tax liabilities. This is a common measure with the financial services industry and is used within the calculation of net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, as presented | $ | 137,436 | $ | 136,307 | $ | 127,630 | |||||
| Add: effect of tax-exempt income(1) | 987 | 1,155 | 1,029 | ||||||||
| Net interest income, tax equivalent | $ | 138,423 | $ | 137,462 | $ | 128,659 |
(1) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis using a 21% income tax rate.
Earnings before Income Taxes and Provision, and Earnings before Income Taxes, Provision and SBA PPP Loan Income. Earnings before income taxes and provision, and earnings before income taxes, provision and SBA PPP loan income are each a supplemental measure of operating earnings and performance. Earnings before income taxes and provision is calculated as net income before provision for credit losses and income tax expense, and earnings before income taxes, provision and SBA PPP loan income is calculated as net income before provision for credit losses, income tax expense and SBA PPP loan income. These supplemental measures have become more widely used by financial institutions as a measure of financial performance for comparability across financial institutions due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision for credit losses, as well as the origination of SBA PPP loans in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that are not a recurring and sustainable source of revenues for financial institutions.
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| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Net income, as presented | $ | 69,014 | $ | 59,486 | $ | 57,203 | |||||
| Add: income tax expense, as presented | 17,627 | 14,910 | 14,376 | ||||||||
| Add: provision for credit losses, as presented | (3,190) | 12,418 | 2,861 | ||||||||
| Earnings before income taxes and provision for credit losses | $ | 83,451 | $ | 86,814 | $ | 74,440 | |||||
| Less: SBA PPP loan income | (8,170) | (7,750) | — | ||||||||
| Earnings before income taxes, provision for credit losses and SBA PPP Loan income | $ | 75,281 | $ | 79,064 | $ | 74,440 |
Adjusted Yield on Interest-Earning Assets. Adjusted yield on interest-earning assets normalizes the Company's reported yield on interest-earning assets for certain unusual, non-recurring items, including: (i) the impact of SBA PPP loans and (ii) excess cash/liquidity held by the Company, primarily due to Federal stimulus programs and changes in the FRB cash holding requirements for financial institutions both in response to COVID-19.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Yield on interest-earning assets, as presented | 3.07 | % | 3.56 | % | 4.15 | % | |||
| Less: effect of PPP loans on yield on interest-earning assets | (0.10) | % | (0.06) | % | — | % | |||
| Add: effect of excess cash/liquidity on yield on interest-earning assets | 0.13 | % | 0.09 | % | 0.01 | % | |||
| Adjusted yield on interest-earning assets | 3.10 | % | 3.59 | % | 4.16 | % |
Adjusted Net Interest Margin (Fully-Taxable Equivalent). Adjusted net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis normalizes the Company's reported net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for certain unusual, non-recurring items, including: (i) the impact of PPP loans and (ii) excess cash/liquidity held by the Company, primarily due to Federal stimulus programs and changes in the FRB cash holding requirements for financial institutions both in response to COVID-19.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| Net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent), as presented | 2.84 | % | 3.09 | % | 3.15 | % | |||
| Less: effect of PPP loans on net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | (0.10) | % | (0.07) | % | — | % | |||
| Add: effect of excess cash/liquidity on net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 0.13 | % | 0.08 | % | 0.01 | % | |||
| Adjusted net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.87 | % | 3.10 | % | 3.16 | % |
Total Loans, excluding SBA PPP Loans. Total loans, excluding SBA PPP loans is used by management to measure the Company's core loan portfolio. The Company calculates total loans, excluding SBA PPP loans as total loans (as reported on the consolidated statements of condition) less SBA PPP loans.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) on Loans to Total Loans, excluding SBA PPP Loans. ACL on loans to total loans, excluding SBA PPP loans, is calculated as (i) ACL on loans, adjusted for the ACL allocated to SBA PPP loans, to (ii) total loans, adjusted to exclude SBA PPP loans. SBA PPP loans were provided to qualifying businesses as part of the federal government stimulus package issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These loans are fully-guaranteed by the SBA, and may even be forgiven in full or in part, and, thus, present little to no credit risk to the Company. By excluding the impact of the SBA PPP loans, the ratio attempts to be more comparable with prior periods and demonstrates the level of loan loss reserves established on the Company's loans originated as part of its core operations and credit underwriting standards.
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| (In thousands) | December 31, | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||
| Total Loans, excluding SBA PPP Loans: | ||||||
| Total loans, as presented | $ | 3,431,474 | $ | 3,219,822 | ||
| Less: SBA PPP loans | (35,953) | (135,095) | ||||
| Total loans, excluding SBA PPP loans | $ | 3,395,521 | $ | 3,084,727 | ||
| ACL on Loans to Total Loans, excluding SBA PPP Loans: | ||||||
| ACL on loans, as presented | $ | 33,256 | $ | 37,865 | ||
| Less: ACL on loans allocated to SBA PPP loans | (18) | (69) | ||||
| Adjusted ACL on loans | $ | 33,238 | $ | 37,796 | ||
| ACL on loans to total loans | 0.97% | 1.18% | ||||
| ACL on loans to total loans, excluding SBA PPP loans | 0.98% | 1.23% |
Tangible Book Value per Share and Tangible Common Equity Ratio. Tangible book value per share is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill, premium on deposits and other acquisition-related intangibles to (ii) total common shares outstanding at period end. Tangible book value per share is a common measure within our industry when assessing the value of a company as it removes goodwill and other intangible assets generated within purchase accounting upon a business combination.
Tangible common equity is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill and other intangible assets to (ii) total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets. This ratio is a measure used within our industry to assess whether or not a company is highly leveraged.
| (In thousands, except number of shares and per share data) | December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||
| Tangible Book Value Per Share: | |||||||
| Shareholders' equity, as presented | $ | 541,294 | $ | 529,314 | |||
| Less: goodwill and other intangible assets | (96,885) | (97,540) | |||||
| Tangible shareholders' equity | $ | 444,409 | $ | 431,774 | |||
| Shares outstanding at period end | 14,739,956 | 14,909,097 | |||||
| Book value per share | $ | 36.72 | $ | 35.50 | |||
| Tangible book value per share | $ | 30.15 | $ | 28.96 | |||
| Tangible Common Equity Ratio: | |||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,500,356 | $ | 4,898,745 | |||
| Less: goodwill and other intangibles | (96,885) | (97,540) | |||||
| Tangible assets | $ | 5,403,471 | $ | 4,801,205 | |||
| Common equity ratio | 9.84 | % | 10.81 | % | |||
| Tangible common equity ratio | 8.22 | % | 8.99 | % |
Core Deposits. Core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and lower cost. The Company calculates core deposits as total deposits (as reported on the consolidated statements of condition) less certificates of deposit and brokered deposits. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||
| Total deposits | $ | 4,608,889 | $ | 4,005,244 | |||
| Less: certificates of deposit | (309,648) | (357,666) | |||||
| Less: brokered deposits | (208,468) | (283,567) | |||||
| Core deposits | $ | 4,090,773 | $ | 3,364,011 |
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Average Core Deposits. Average core deposits are used by management to measure the portion of the Company's total deposits that management believes to be more stable and at a lower interest rate cost. The Company calculates average core deposits as total deposits (as disclosed on the Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis table) less certificates of deposit. Management believes core deposits is a useful measure to assess the Company's deposit base, including its potential volatility.
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Total average deposits | $ | 4,096,411 | $ | 3,666,444 | $ | 3,233,560 | |||||
| Less: certificates of deposit | (333,352) | (454,750) | (506,971) | ||||||||
| Average core deposits | $ | 3,763,059 | $ | 3,211,694 | $ | 2,726,589 |
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported. Actual results could materially differ from our current estimates, as a result of changing conditions and future events. Several estimates are particularly critical and are susceptible to significant near-term change, including (i) the ACL, including the ACL on loans, off-balance sheet credit exposures and investments; (ii) accounting for acquisitions and the subsequent review of goodwill and intangible assets generated in an acquisition for impairment; (iii) income taxes; and (iv) accounting for defined benefit and postretirement plans.
Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of the Company's accounting policies, including new accounting standards recently adopted.
Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”). Effective January 1, 2020, but applied to reporting periods on or after October 1, 2020, the Company adopted the new accounting standard for credit losses, ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended (“ASU 2016-13). This new accounting standard, commonly referred to as “CECL,” significantly changed our methodology for accounting for reserves on loans, unfunded off-balance sheet credit exposures, including certain unfunded loan commitments and standby guarantees, as well as introduced the consideration for an allowance on HTM debt investments. ASU 2016-13 replaced the “incurred loss” methodology used to establish an allowance on loans and off-balance sheet credit exposures, with an “expected loss” approach. Under CECL, the ACL at each reporting period serves as our best estimate of projected credit losses over the contractual life of certain assets, adjusted for expected prepayments, given an expectation of economic conditions and forecasts as of the valuation date.
The recorded ACL on loans and HTM debt investments is determined based on the amortized cost basis of the assets and may be determined at various levels, including homogeneous loan pools, individual credits with unique risk factors, and CUSIP. We have elected to use a discounted cash flow approach to calculate the ACL for each loan segment. Within the discounted cash flow model, a probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) assumption is applied to calculate the expected loss for each loan segment. PD is the probability the asset will default within a given timeframe and LGD is the percentage of the assets not expected to be collected due to default. PD and LGD data may be derived using (1) internal historical default and loss experience, as well as from (2) external data there are not statistically meaningful loss events or internal loss data does not span a full economic cycle for a given loan segment.
CECL may create more volatility in our ACL, particularly our ACL on loans and ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures. Under CECL, our ACL may increase or decrease period-to-period based on many factors, including, but not limited to: (i) macroeconomic forecasts and conditions; (ii) a change in the forecast period; (iii) a change in the reversion speed; (iv) a change in the prepayment speed assumption; (v) an increase or decrease in loan balances, including a changes in loan portfolio mix; (vi) credit quality of the loan portfolio; and (vii) various qualitative factors outlined in ASU 2016-13.
ASU 2016-13 also changed our methodology and accounting for credit losses within our investment portfolio designated as AFS. To the extent the fair value of a security designated as AFS is less than its amortized cost and we either (i) intend to sell the security or (ii) it is more-likely-than-not we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, then the investment is permanently impaired and the amortized cost basis is written down to fair value and a corresponding impairment charge is recorded within the consolidated statements of income. If neither of the above is true, but the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis at the reporting date, then an allowance is established on the AFS investment for the portion of the impairment that is due to credit reasons (e.g. credit rating downgrades, past due receivables, and/or other macro- or micro-adverse trends). The allowance established on an AFS investment due to credit losses is limited to the amount the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis as of the reporting date. If the fair value of the investment is below its amortized cost basis for non-credit-related reasons (e.g. interest rate environment), then the impairment continues to be recognized within shareholders' equity through AOCI, as it did prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13.
ACL on Loans. We consider the ACL on loans to be a critical accounting policy given the uncertainty in evaluating the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses over the expected contractual life of the loans in its portfolio. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance is a key management function that requires significant judgment and estimate by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Subsequent evaluations of the current loan portfolio, in light of the factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance in future periods. While our current evaluation indicates that the ACL at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was appropriate, the allowance may need to be increased under adversely different conditions or assumptions.
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The significant key assumptions used with the ACL calculation at December 31, 2021 using the CECL methodology, included:
•Macroeconomic factors (loss drivers): Macroeconomic factors are used within our discounted cash flow model to forecast the PD over the forecast period. As macroeconomic factor condition worsen, the PD increases, and the corresponding LGD increases, resulting in an increase in the ACL. We monitor and assess Maine unemployment, changes in Maine GDP, changes in National GDP, and changes in Maine's Housing Price Index at least annually to determine if these macroeconomic factors continue to be the most predictive indicator of losses within our loan portfolio. Macroeconomic factors used in the calculation of the ACL may change from time to time. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company reassessed its macroeconomic factors and, as a result, is no longer considering the changes in Maine’s Retail Sales in the calculation of the ACL as of December 31, 2021.
•Forecast Period and Reversion speed: ASU 2016-13 requires a company to use a reasonable and supportable forecast period in developing the ACL, which represents the time period that management believes it can reasonably forecast the identified loss drivers. Generally, the forecast period management believes to be reasonable and supportable is set annually and validated through an assessment of economic leading indicators. In periods of greater volatility and uncertainty, such as that seen across the global markets and economies, including the U.S., throughout 2021 and 2020 largely due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we are likely to use a shorter forecast period, whereas when markets, economies and various other factors are considered more stable and certain, we are likely to use a longer forecast period. Also, in times of greater uncertainty, we may consider a range of possible forecasts and evaluate the probability of each scenario. Generally, we expect our forecast period to range from one to three years. Once the reasonable and supportable forecast period is determined, ASU 2016-13 requires a company to revert its loss expectations to the long-run historical mean for the remainder of the contract life of the asset, adjusted for prepayments. In determining the length of time over which the reversion will take place (i.e. “reversion speed”), we consider such factors such as, but not limited to, historical loan loss experience over previous economic cycles, as well as where we believe we are within the current economic cycle.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we used a one-year forecast period and one-year reversion period for each loan segment.
•Prepayment speeds: Prepayment speeds are determined for each loan segment utilizing our own historical loan data, as well as consideration of current environmental factors. The prepayment speed assumption is utilized with the discounted cash flow model (i.e. the CECL model) to forecast expected cash flows over the contractual life of the loan, adjusted for expected prepayments. A higher prepayment speed assumption will drive a lower ACL, and vice versa.
•Qualitative factors: As within previous accounting guidance used for the “incurred loss” model, ASU 2016-13 requires companies to consider various qualitative factors that may impact expected credit losses. We continue to consider qualitative factors in determining and arriving at our ACL each reporting period.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the recorded ACL was $33.3 million and $37.9 million, respectively, and represented our best estimate of expected credit losses within our loan portfolio as of each date. However, we may adjust our assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses from period to period. A future change of our assumptions will likely alter the level of allowance required and may have a material impact on future results of operations and financial condition. The ACL is reviewed periodically within a calendar quarter to assess trends in the aforementioned key assumptions as well as asset quality within our loan portfolio, and we consider the impact of these trends on the ACL and the Company's financial condition, if any. The ACL is reviewed and approved on a quarterly basis by the Company's Audit Committee, and later reviewed and ratified by the Bank's Board of Directors.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses,” “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. We consider the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures to be a critical accounting policy given the uncertainty in evaluating the level of the allowance required to cover management’s estimate of all expected credit losses on expected future loan fundings of, primarily, unfunded loan commitments for those that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The expected credit loss factors for each loan segment calculated using the ACL on loans methodology described above, as well as within Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, is used to calculate the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures for each applicable loan segment, and, thus, are subject to the same level of estimation risk and volatility previously described. In addition, one other key assumption is used to derive the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures and that is the expected funding rate. The expected funding rate is derived using historical loan-level data for credit line usage, and is applied to total off-balance sheet credit exposures at each reporting date, excluding any
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that are unconditionally cancellable by the Company, to determine the expected funding amount. As unfunded loan commitments are funded, the allowance migrates from that provided for off-balance sheet credit exposures to the ACL on loans. If the expected funding rate or any other key assumption used is not reasonable, then this could have an adverse impact on the total ACL upon funding.
As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the recorded ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $3.2 million and $2.6 million, respectively, and presented within accrued interest and other liabilities on the consolidated statements of condition. Increases (decreases) to the allowance are presented within provision (credit) for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income. The allowance at December 31, 2021 and 2020, represented our best estimate, however, we may adjust our assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses from period to period. A future change to our assumptions will likely alter the level of allowance required and may have a material impact on future results of operations and financial condition. The ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures is approved on a quarterly basis by the Company's Audit Committee, and later reviewed and ratified by the Bank's Board of Directors.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Provision for Credit Losses,” “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” and Note 3 and 11 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL for HTM Debt Securities. The estimate of expected credit losses on our HTM investment portfolio is based on the expected cash flows of each individual CUSIP over its contractual life and considers historical credit loss information, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Given the rarity of municipal defaults and losses, we utilize external third party loss forecast models as the sole source of municipal default and loss rates. Investment cash flows are modeled over a reasonable and supportable forecast period and then revert to the long-term average economic conditions on a straight line basis (similar to that of our ACL on loans policy). Management may exercise discretion to make adjustments based on various environmental factors.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company held three securities in its HTM portfolio with an amortized cost basis of $1.3 million and no allowance was carried given the immaterial nature of such securities. These investments are all investment-grade municipal securities and two of the three securities also carried credit enhancements. Should our HTM portfolio grow in size, change its mix and/or experience credit deterioration, an allowance may be recorded at that time.
Prior to 2020, the Company evaluated its HTM portfolio for OTTI. The Company did not record any OTTI for the year ended 2019.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
ACL on AFS Debt Securities. We consider the ACL on AFS debt securities to be a critical accounting policy given the size of the investment portfolio and level of estimation used to determine the allowance, as appropriate. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company's AFS portfolio is entirely made up of assets that are fair valued using level 2 valuation techniques in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. We engage a third party pricing agency to assist with the valuation of such debt securities and the assets are carried at fair value at each reporting period. An allowance is recorded on an AFS debt security to the extent an event has occurred that suggests receipt of full contractual payments are at risk. When such an event has been identified, a discounted cash flow model is used to determine the expected losses due to credit risk, and an allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying value of the debt security by the calculated expected loss amount, limited to the amount by which the fair value of the debt security is below its amortized cost basis.
As further described within “—Financial Condition—Investments,” the Company's AFS portfolio, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, was primarily consisted of plain-vanilla MBS and CMO debt securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies, and, thus, presenting little to no credit risk. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had not identified indications of credit risk and did not carry any allowance for credit losses on its AFS portfolio, nor did it record any permanent impairments during 2021 or 2020.
Prior to 2020, the Company evaluated its AFS portfolio for OTTI. The Company did not record any OTTI for the year ended 2019.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Investments” and Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Purchase Price Allocation and Impairment of Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets. We record all acquired assets and liabilities at fair value, which is an estimate determined by the use of internal valuation techniques. We also may engage external valuation services to assist with the valuation of material assets and liabilities acquired, including, but not limited to,
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loans, core deposit intangibles and/or other intangible assets, real estate and time deposits. As part of purchase accounting, we typically acquire goodwill and other intangible assets as part of the purchase price. These assets are subject to ongoing periodic impairment tests under differing accounting models. We did not acquire any other company or assets during 2021 or 2020.
Goodwill impairment evaluations are required to be performed at least annually, but may be required more frequently if certain conditions indicate a potential impairment may exist. Our policy is to perform the goodwill impairment analysis annually as of November 30th, or more frequently as warranted. The goodwill impairment evaluation is required to be performed at the reporting unit level. Effective January 1, 2020, accounting guidance no longer requires a company to determine the implied fair value of goodwill to measure impairment. Instead, goodwill is now impaired by the amount the book value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, and an impairment charge is recorded for the lesser of this amount or the amount to write-down goodwill to zero.
We may use a qualitative analysis to evaluate goodwill for impairment when it is believed that it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its book value, or if a quantitative analysis was recently used to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit, and there are not any indications of events that would suggest such conclusions for impairment have changed. We performed our annual goodwill impairment assessment as of November 30, 2021 and 2020, using a qualitative analysis and concluded that it was not more-likely-than-not that goodwill was impaired. Furthermore, we performed an interim goodwill impairment assessment in the second quarter of 2020, in response to the turmoil in the global markets and economy spurred by COVID-19, including its impact on the Company's share price. At that time, a quantitative analysis, using various valuation techniques, including a discounted cash flow model and market valuation models, was used to assess the Company's goodwill for impairment. The Company did not recognize any impairment of goodwill in 2021 or 2020.
The Company's core deposit intangible assets have a finite life and are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Core deposit intangible assets are subject to impairment tests if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount. Core deposit intangible assets are measured for impairment utilizing a cost recovery model. We did not identify any events or circumstances that occurred in 2021 or 2020 that would indicate that our core deposit intangible assets may be impaired and should be evaluated for such.
Refer to “—Financial Condition—Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Income Taxes. We account for income taxes by deferring income taxes based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, considering the provisions of enacted tax laws. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the consolidated statements of condition.
We must also assess the likelihood that any deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and establish a valuation allowance for those assets determined not likely to be recoverable. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company carried deferred tax assets totaling $19.2 million and $12.0 million, respectively, and did not record any valuation allowance on these deferred tax assets. Although we determined a valuation allowance was not required for our deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there is no guarantee that these assets will be realized. To the extent a valuation allowance on the Company's deferred tax assets is recorded in future periods, a material charge to the Company's consolidated statements of income may result and reduce net income.
Judgment is required in determining the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities, including projections of future taxable income.
As of December 31, 2021, our federal and state income tax returns for 2020, 2019 and 2018 were open to audit by federal and various state authorities. If, as a result of an audit, we were to be assessed interest and penalties, the amounts would be recorded through other non-interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.
Refer to “—Results of Operations—Income Tax Expense” and Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
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Defined Benefit and Postretirement Plans. We use a December 31st measurement date to determine the expenses for the Company's defined benefit and postretirement plans and related financial disclosure information. Postretirement plan expense is sensitive to changes in the number of eligible employees, changes in the discount rate, mortality rate, and other expected
rates, such as medical cost trends rates and salary scale assumptions. There are no new entrants to the Company's defined benefit and postretirement plans.
Refer to Note 18 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
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EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
2021 Overview. The Company reported record net income and diluted EPS for the year ended 2021 of $69.0 million and $4.60, respectively, in the face of continued challenges stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic. Interest rates remained at record low-levels throughout 2021, and the impact was seen by the Company, and more broadly across the industry, as our net interest margin compressed 25 basis points during the year to 2.84%. Like 2020, the record-setting residential mortgage activity spurred by the low interest rate environment carried forward throughout 2021 and we broke our previous residential mortgage originations record set in 2020. For the year ended 2021, we originated $1.1 billion in residential mortgages, an increase of 5% over 2020.
At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, our greatest concern (like many others across the industry) was credit risk. We proactively worked with our loan customers to provide temporary debt relief using the terms provided for under the CARES Act. In doing so, by mid-year 2020, we had granted temporary debt relief to many of our commercial and retail customers totaling over $600 million of loans. By December 31, 2020, this balance was reduced to $26.5 million (less than 1% of our loan portfolio), and, as of December 31, 2021, all of these loans had returned to contractual payment status. Our overall asset quality throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has remained very strong, highlighted by non-performing assets of 0.13% of total loans at December 31, 2021, compared to 0.22% at December 31, 2020; net charge-offs of 0.02% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020; and loans 30-89 days past due of 0.04% of total loans at December 31, 2021, compared to 0.10% at December 31, 2021. Due to the strength of our loan portfolio, and improving macroeconomic conditions, our ACL on loans decreased from 1.18% of total loans at December 31, 2020 to 0.97% of total loans at December 31, 2021.
Our balance sheet continues to be a source of strength for the Company and enables us not only to be well-positioned to withstand the turbulent and volatile markets we have faced the last two years, but also positions us to capitalize on efficient organic growth moving forward.
•All of our regulatory capital ratios for the Company and Bank were well in excess of regulatory capital requirements at December 31, 2021, and our common equity ratio was 9.84% and tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) was 8.22% at December 31, 2021.
•Another solid year of deposit growth of 15% during 2021 resulted in a loan-to-deposit ratio of 74% at December 31, 2021, well below our historical norm.
•Our ACL to loans ratio of 0.97% at December 31, 2021 continues to be at an elevated-level compared to that seen pre-pandemic (0.81% at December 31, 2019).
During 2021, through the combination of cash dividends and share repurchases, the Company returned $31.2 million of capital to shareholders, which included the repurchase of 217,931 shares of its common stock at a weighted average price of $46.25 and cash dividends to shareholders of $1.48 per share, a 12% increase over 2020.
As we enter 2022, the FOMC has signaled its intent to raise short-term interest rates in an effort to combat inflation. The Company's interest rate risk position is asset sensitive, and should the FOMC increase short-term interest rates we expect that the Company's net interest margin and net interest income are likely to increase. However, we are cautious that if the yield curve should flatten, or worse invert, this could have a negative impact on overall market growth and on customer loan demand.
Operating Results. Net income for the year ended 2021 was $69.0 million, representing an increase of $9.5 million, or 16%, over 2020. Earnings before incomes taxes and provision for credit losses (non-GAAP) for the year ended 2021 was $83.5million, representing a decrease of $3.4 million, or 4%, compared to 2020.
The key drivers of the increase in net income between periods include:
•An increase in net interest income of $1.1 million, or 1%, driven by a lower interest expense of $9.8 million, more than offsetting the decrease in interest income of $8.7 million.
•A decrease in provision for credit losses of $15.6 million. For the year ended 2020, the Company reported provision expense of $12.4 million as it built-up its ACL in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the year ended 2021, the Company reported negative provision expense (or a credit) of $3.2 million as it released a portion of its ACL established in 2020 as markets improved and credit quality deterioration did not occur.
•A decrease in non-interest income of $755,000, or 1%, driven by lower mortgage banking income of $4.8 million, or 26%, as we shifted our strategy to hold more residential mortgages in our loan portfolio to manage our liquidity and interest rate risk position, partially offset by higher debit card income of $2.7 million, or 26%.
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•An increase in non-interest expense of $3.7 million, or 4%, primarily driven by higher salaries and employee benefits costs of $3.1 million, or 5%. Our ratio of non-interest expense to total revenue2 was 55.41% for 2021, compared to 53.52% for 2020, or on a non-GAAP-basis our efficiency ratio was 54.85% and 52.56% for the same periods, respectively.
Other key financial metrics between years included:
•Diluted EPS for the year ended 2021 was $4.60, an increase of $0.65, or 16%, over 2020.
•Return on average assets for the year ended 2021 was 1.31%, compared to 1.23% for 2020.
•Return on average equity for the year ended 2021 was 12.72%, compared to 11.81% for 2020.
•Return on average tangible equity (non-GAAP) for the year ended 2021 was 15.61%, compared to 14.79% for 2020.
2 Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
Net interest income is the interest earned on loans, securities, and other interest-earning assets, plus net loan fees, origination costs and fair value marks on loans and/or time deposits created in purchase accounting, less the interest paid on interest-bearing deposits and borrowings. Net interest income, which is our largest source of revenue, accounted for 73% of total revenues for both years ended 2021 and 2020. Net interest income is affected by factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, loan and deposit pricing strategies and competitive conditions, loan prepayment speeds, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the level of non-performing assets.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the year ended 2021 was $138.4 million, an increase of $962,000, or 1%, over 2020. The increase was driven by a $9.8 million decrease in interest expense between periods that more than offset the decrease in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis of $8.9 million between periods.
•The decrease in interest expense was the result of a 25 basis point decrease in our average cost of funds and strong average deposits growth of $430.0 million, or 12%, during 2021. In 2021, our funding costs benefited from a full year of record lower interest rates as the FOMC held the Federal Funding Rate at 0.00%-0.25% for all of 2021, having lowered it in early-2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, our favorable deposit growth during 2021 led to a strong overall liquidity position, and allowed us to take actions to manage funding costs to help minimize the impact of lower interest-earning asset yields, including: (1) a decrease in average CD balances of $121.4 million, (2) the early termination of a $25.0 million long-term borrowing contract during the first quarter of 2021, and (3) the full redemption of the Company's $15.0 million subordinated notes during the second quarter of 2021, at par plus accrued interest.
•The decrease in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis was the result of a 49 basis point decrease in our yield on average interest-earning assets during 2021, again, driven by the lower interest rate environment, but was partially offset by average interest-earning asset growth of $426.0 million, or 10%. Average investment balances for 2021 increased $308.9 million, or 31%, compared to 2020 and average loan balances for 2021 grew $27.9 million, compared to 2020. We increased our investment holdings during 2021 to manage the Company's excess liquidity that was driven by its strong deposits growth during 2021. The Company's loan growth was primarily within its commercial real estate loan portfolio and residential real estate loan portfolio, which increased 8% and 7%, respectively.
Net Interest Margin. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Our net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for 2021 and 2020 was 2.84% and 3.09%, respectively, and our adjusted net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis (non-GAAP) for the year ended 2021 was 2.87%, compared to 3.10% for 2020.
The following table presents, for the periods noted, average balances, interest income, interest expense, and the corresponding average yields earned and rates paid, as well as net interest income, net interest rate spread and net interest margin:
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| Average Balance, Interest and Yield/Rate Analysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | Average Balance(1) | Interest | Yield/Rate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | 268,879 | $ | 322 | 0.12 | % | $ | 179,718 | $ | 343 | 0.19 | % | $ | 67,288 | $ | 1,435 | 2.13 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | 1,189,895 | 19,724 | 1.66 | % | 874,823 | 19,604 | 2.24 | % | 825,674 | 20,982 | 2.54 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable(2) | 115,169 | 3,798 | 3.30 | % | 121,302 | 4,117 | 3.39 | % | 99,024 | 3,419 | 3.45 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans(3): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 1,412,884 | 51,488 | 3.64 | % | 1,310,160 | 51,403 | 3.92 | % | 1,260,412 | 58,677 | 4.66 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial(2) | 330,919 | 12,159 | 3.67 | % | 381,087 | 15,147 | 3.97 | % | 390,689 | 18,285 | 4.68 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | 118,414 | 8,170 | 6.90 | % | 146,918 | 7,750 | 5.28 | % | — | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal(2) | 20,529 | 691 | 3.37 | % | 19,073 | 679 | 3.56 | % | 19,181 | 688 | 3.59 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| HPFC | 9,808 | 800 | 8.15 | % | 17,000 | 1,399 | 8.23 | % | 27,502 | 2,213 | 8.05 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,156,698 | 41,792 | 3.61 | % | 1,085,064 | 43,927 | 4.05 | % | 1,045,668 | 45,291 | 4.33 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 250,061 | 10,528 | 4.21 | % | 312,076 | 13,986 | 4.48 | % | 346,769 | 18,557 | 5.35 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | 3,299,313 | 125,628 | 3.81 | % | 3,271,378 | 134,291 | 4.11 | % | 3,090,221 | 143,711 | 4.65 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total interest-earning assets | 4,873,256 | 149,472 | 3.07 | % | 4,447,221 | 158,355 | 3.56 | % | 4,082,207 | 169,547 | 4.15 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and due from banks | 51,983 | 48,479 | 43,906 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 364,740 | 381,204 | 309,925 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: ACL | (34,433) | (31,459) | (25,530) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,255,546 | $ | 4,845,445 | $ | 4,410,508 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIABILITIES & SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deposits: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 1,083,357 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 684,539 | $ | — | — | % | $ | 519,078 | $ | — | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 1,297,695 | 2,512 | 0.19 | % | 1,289,501 | 4,553 | 0.35 | % | 1,123,268 | 10,456 | 0.93 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Savings | 675,533 | 277 | 0.04 | % | 536,014 | 303 | 0.06 | % | 476,860 | 387 | 0.08 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 706,474 | 2,075 | 0.29 | % | 701,640 | 3,477 | 0.50 | % | 607,383 | 7,541 | 1.24 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | 333,352 | 1,782 | 0.53 | % | 454,750 | 5,759 | 1.27 | % | 506,971 | 7,967 | 1.57 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 4,096,411 | 6,646 | 0.16 | % | 3,666,444 | 14,092 | 0.38 | % | 3,233,560 | 26,351 | 0.81 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 282,399 | 1,274 | 0.45 | % | 242,951 | 1,452 | 0.60 | % | 316,475 | 7,650 | 2.42 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | 185,246 | 570 | 0.31 | % | 205,890 | 1,314 | 0.64 | % | 241,899 | 3,023 | 1.25 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debentures | 48,605 | 2,523 | 5.19 | % | 59,228 | 3,512 | 5.93 | % | 59,007 | 3,266 | 5.54 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | 3,562 | 35 | 0.99 | % | 58,601 | 523 | 0.89 | % | 29,132 | 598 | 2.05 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total borrowings | 519,812 | 4,402 | 0.85 | % | 566,670 | 6,801 | 1.20 | % | 646,513 | 14,537 | 2.25 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total funding liabilities | 4,616,223 | 11,048 | 0.24 | % | 4,233,114 | 20,893 | 0.49 | % | 3,880,073 | 40,888 | 1.05 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 96,598 | 108,707 | 70,570 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 542,725 | 503,624 | 459,865 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities & shareholders’ equity | $ | 5,255,546 | $ | 4,845,445 | $ | 4,410,508 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | 138,424 | 137,462 | 128,659 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: fully-taxable equivalent adjustment | (988) | (1,155) | (1,029) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income | $ | 137,436 | $ | 136,307 | $ | 127,630 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest rate spread (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.83 | % | 3.07 | % | 3.10 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) | 2.84 | % | 3.09 | % | 3.15 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted net interest margin (fully-taxable equivalent) (non-GAAP) | 2.87 | % | 3.10 | % | 3.16 | % |
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(1) Reported average balances are calculated on a daily basis.
(2) Reported on a tax-equivalent basis calculated using a 21% tax rate, including certain commercial loans.
(3) Non-accrual loans and loans held for sale are included in total average loans.
The following table presents certain information on a fully-taxable equivalent basis regarding changes in interest income and interest expense for the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided with respect to changes attributable to rate and volume. The (a) changes in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior year's rate), (b) changes in rates (change in rate multiplied prior year's volume), and (c) changes in rate/volume (change in rate multiplied by the change in volume), which is allocated to the change due to rate column.
| For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 vs. December 31, 2020 | For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 vs. December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | Increase (Decrease) Due to: | Net Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | Volume | Rate | Volume | Rate | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing deposits in other banks and other interest-earning assets | $ | 169 | $ | (190) | $ | (21) | $ | 2,395 | $ | (3,487) | $ | (1,092) | |||||||||||
| Investments – taxable | 7,058 | (6,938) | 120 | 1,248 | (2,626) | (1,378) | |||||||||||||||||
| Investments – nontaxable | (208) | (111) | (319) | 769 | (71) | 698 | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | 4,027 | (3,942) | 85 | 2,318 | (9,592) | (7,274) | |||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | (1,992) | (996) | (2,988) | (449) | (2,689) | (3,138) | |||||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | (1,505) | 1,925 | 420 | 7,750 | — | 7,750 | |||||||||||||||||
| Municipal | 52 | (40) | 12 | (4) | (5) | (9) | |||||||||||||||||
| HPFC | (592) | (7) | (599) | (845) | 31 | (814) | |||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 2,901 | (5,036) | (2,135) | 1,706 | (3,070) | (1,364) | |||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | (2,778) | (680) | (3,458) | (1,856) | (2,715) | (4,571) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 7,132 | (16,015) | (8,883) | 13,032 | (24,224) | (11,192) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest-bearing liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest checking | 29 | (2,070) | (2,041) | 1,546 | (7,449) | (5,903) | |||||||||||||||||
| Savings | 84 | (110) | (26) | 47 | (131) | (84) | |||||||||||||||||
| Money market | 24 | (1,426) | (1,402) | 1,169 | (5,233) | (4,064) | |||||||||||||||||
| Certificates of deposit | (1,542) | (2,435) | (3,977) | (820) | (1,388) | (2,208) | |||||||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 237 | (415) | (178) | (1,779) | (4,419) | (6,198) | |||||||||||||||||
| Customer repurchase agreements | (132) | (612) | (744) | (450) | (1,259) | (1,709) | |||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated debentures | (630) | (359) | (989) | 12 | 234 | 246 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other borrowings | (490) | 2 | (488) | 604 | (679) | (75) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | (2,420) | (7,425) | (9,845) | 329 | (20,324) | (19,995) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent) | $ | 9,552 | $ | (8,590) | $ | 962 | $ | 12,703 | $ | (3,900) | $ | 8,803 |
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Net interest income included the following for the periods indicated:
| Income Statement Location | For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Loan fees (cost)(1) | Interest income | $ | 7,156 | $ | 5,648 | $ | (923) | ||||||
| Net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting | Interest income and Interest expense | 689 | 1,220 | 1,348 | |||||||||
| Recoveries on previously charged-off acquired loans | Interest income | 226 | 258 | 216 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 8,071 | $ | 7,126 | $ | 641 |
(1) For the year ended 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized $6.9 million and $6.2 million of fees associated with SBA PPP loan originations. As of December 31, 2021, there were $1.2 million of SBA PPP loan origination fees yet to be recognized.
The Company's consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements presented within have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of the financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars and, in some cases, current fair values without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike many industrial companies, substantially all of our assets and virtually all of our liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the general level of inflation. Over short periods of time, interest rates and the yield curve may not necessarily move in the same direction or in the same magnitude as inflation.
As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the FOMC has signaled that there could be multiple short-term interest rate hikes during 2022 in an effort to curb inflationary pressures. The Company's interest rate risk position as of December 31, 2021 is asset sensitive, and if the FOMC increases the Federal Funding Rate one or more times during 2022 it is our expectation that net interest income is likely to increase as variable rate loans and deposits reprice, and new loans indexed to short-term interest rates are originated at higher yields.
Provision for Credit Losses
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13, commonly referred to as “CECL,” to account for the ACL, effective January 1, 2020. As such, ACL and provision for credit losses as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were accounted for in accordance with the CECL standard. The ACL and provision for credit losses as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 were accounted for under the incurred loss methodology. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for the Company's accounting and policies for the ACL.
The provision for credit losses was made up of the following components for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from 2021 to 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||
| (CECL) | (CECL) | (Incurred Loss) | |||||||||||||||||
| (Credit) provision for loan losses | $ | (3,817) | $ | 13,215 | $ | 2,862 | $ | (17,032) | (129) | % | |||||||||
| Provision (credit) for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 627 | (797) | (1) | 1,424 | N.M. | ||||||||||||||
| Provision for credit losses | $ | (3,190) | $ | 12,418 | $ | 2,861 | $ | (15,608) | (126) | % |
Provision for loan losses. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we increased the Company's ACL on loans to account for the adverse impact the COVID-19 pandemic was anticipated to have on its loan portfolio, based on the various macroeconomic data trends and various qualitative considerations. For the year ended 2020, we recorded $13.2 million of provision expense to carry the ACL on loans at $37.9 million, or 1.18% of total loans, as of December 31, 2020. In 2021, we recorded a credit for loan losses of $3.8 million, which reflects (1) the shift in the macroeconomic conditions and outlook in as trends and market optimism improved in comparison to 2020, and (2) overall credit deterioration within the Company's loan portfolio did not materialize as anticipated due to COVID-19. Net charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 were 0.02% of average loans; non-performing assets were 0.13% of total assets as of December 31, 2021, compared to 0.22% as of December 31, 2020; and loans 30-89 days past were 0.04% of total loans as of December 31, 2021, compared to 0.10% as of December 31, 2020.
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Provision for credit losses on off-balance credit exposures. At December 31, 2021, the ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures was $3.2 million, as compared to $2.6 million as of December 31, 2020. The increase was driven by elevated unfunded commitments of $104.1 million between periods, partially offset by a lower expected loss factor given the overall macroeconomic improvement between periods.
Non-Interest Income
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest income for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from 2021 to 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||
| Mortgage banking income, net | $ | 13,704 | $ | 18,487 | $ | 7,837 | $ | (4,783) | (26) | % | |||||||||
| Debit card income | 13,105 | 10,420 | 9,701 | 2,685 | 26 | % | |||||||||||||
| Service charges on deposit accounts | 6,626 | 6,697 | 8,393 | (71) | (1) | % | |||||||||||||
| Income from fiduciary services | 6,516 | 6,115 | 5,901 | 401 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||
| Brokerage and insurance commissions | 3,913 | 2,832 | 2,625 | 1,081 | 38 | % | |||||||||||||
| Bank-owned life insurance | 2,364 | 2,533 | 2,425 | (169) | (7) | % | |||||||||||||
| Customer loan swap fees | — | 222 | 1,166 | (222) | (100) | % | |||||||||||||
| Net (loss) gain on sale of securities | — | — | (105) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other income | 3,507 | 3,184 | 4,170 | 323 | 10 | % | |||||||||||||
| Total non-interest income | $ | 49,735 | $ | 50,490 | $ | 42,113 | $ | (755) | (1) | % | |||||||||
| Non-interest income as a percentage of total revenues(1) | 27 | % | 27 | % | 25 | % |
(1) Revenue is the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
Mortgage banking income, net is generated through the sale of residential mortgage loans to secondary market investors and also includes income recognized upon the sale of a residential mortgages in which we maintain the servicing rights creating a mortgage servicing asset, net of related amortization of the capitalized mortgage servicing asset. Our current practice has been to sell the servicing rights for residential mortgages originated, except for certain third party relationships that require the Company to service the loan.
The decrease in mortgage banking income, net for 2021 compared to 2020, was driven by our change in strategy during the first half of 2021 as we shifted to sell less of our residential mortgage loan production in 2021, in order to hold more of it in our loan portfolio to manage our interest rate risk and overall liquidity position. We sold 44% of our residential mortgage production to the secondary market during 2021, compared to 61% during 2020 (or $154.1 million less between periods).
Debit card income represents the interchange fees earned from debit card transactions of our business and consumer checking account customers, and the annual incentive bonus received from our network provider. The increase for 2021 over 2020 was driven by an increase in customer spend volume of 21% as our average customer spend increased likely driven by government stimulus over the past two years in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The increase in customer spend volume also resulted in a larger annual incentive bonus from Visa of $740,975 for 2021, compared to $555,000 for 2020.
Service charges on deposit accounts represents the fees earned from providing various services to deposit customers, including overdraft and non-sufficient funds fees, normal fees for servicing deposit accounts, and cash management fees for business customers. Overdraft and non-sufficient fund fees totaled $4.7 million and $4.8 million for the years ended 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Income from fiduciary services represents the fees earned for investment advisory and trust services provided by Camden National Wealth Management. The fees earned are primarily a percentage of our clients' assets under management. Assets under management were $1.1 billion and $957.0 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Brokerage and insurance commissions represent the fees earned for brokerage services, investment advisory and insurance services provided by the Bank, doing business as Camden Financial Consultants. The increase for 2021 over 2020 was driven by fees for brokerage and advisory services, including assets under administration growth of $130.2 million, or 23%, during 2021 over 2020 to $704.1 million as of December 31, 2021.
49
Bank-owned life insurance represents the change in cash surrender value of the Company's various BOLI policies in place for certain current and former officers of the Company and Bank. The change in cash surrender value reflects the performance of the underlying investments of the policies. The decrease in income for 2021 compared to 2020 was driven by the lower interest rate environment.
Customer loan swap fees represents fees earned from the counterparty upon execution of a back-to-back commercial loan swap with our customers. For the year ended 2021, we did not execute any back-to-back loan swaps with our customers given the interest rate environment and our overall interest rate risk position.
Net (loss) gain on sale of securities represents the realized (loss) gain upon sale of our debt investments. We did not sell any investment securities during the year ended 2021 or 2020.
Other Income includes third party merchant and credit card commissions, other miscellaneous fees and net gains on equity securities.
Non-Interest Expense
The following table sets forth information regarding non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | Change from 2021 to 2020 | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | $ | % | |||||||||||
| Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 61,007 | $ | 57,938 | $ | 54,489 | $ | 3,069 | 5 | % | ||||||
| Furniture, equipment and data processing | 12,247 | 11,756 | 10,881 | 491 | 4 | % | ||||||||||
| Net occupancy costs | 7,532 | 7,585 | 7,047 | (53) | (1) | % | ||||||||||
| Consulting and professional fees | 3,691 | 3,833 | 3,706 | (142) | (4) | % | ||||||||||
| Debit card expense | 4,313 | 3,753 | 3,613 | 560 | 15 | % | ||||||||||
| Regulatory assessments | 2,074 | 1,450 | 1,261 | 624 | 43 | % | ||||||||||
| Amortization of core deposit intangible assets | 655 | 682 | 705 | (27) | (4) | % | ||||||||||
| OREO and collection (recoveries) costs, net | (101) | 382 | 480 | (483) | (126) | % | ||||||||||
| Other expenses | 12,302 | 12,604 | 13,121 | (302) | (2) | % | ||||||||||
| Total non-interest expense | $ | 103,720 | $ | 99,983 | $ | 95,303 | $ | 3,737 | 4 | % | ||||||
| Ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues | 55.41 | % | 53.52 | % | 56.15 | % | ||||||||||
| Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) | 54.85 | % | 52.56 | % | 55.77 | % |
Salaries and employee benefits includes employee wages, commissions, incentives, equity compensation, employer-related taxes, insurance benefits, and other certain employee-related costs, net of direct employee-related costs incurred for loan originations. The increase in 2021 over 2020 was driven by: (i) an increase in wages and related taxes of 4% as we issued our normal annual merit in March 2021 and a second (off-cycle) merit increase in October 2021 where we provided all current employees with a 3% or more wage increase, with limited exceptions, and increased our starting minimum wage for new employees to $17 per hour. The off-cycle merit increase was in response to the tight labor market within our markets; and (ii) an increase in bonuses and incentives of $1.7 million, based on annual performance-to-budget.
Furniture, equipment and data processing includes depreciation expense of capitalized furniture, equipment and data-related costs, and ongoing system and other data processing costs, including outsourced solutions. The increase in 2021 over 2020 was driven by continued investments in technology, including information security-related investments.
Net occupancy costs include building and property costs associated with the operation of our branches, loan production offices and service centers, including, but not limited to, rent, depreciation, maintenance and related taxes, net of rental income earned from the lease of office space.
Consulting and professional fees include third party consulting services and other professional fees, such as audit and tax services, legal services, and Company and Bank director fees.
Debit card expense is the cost incurred for the generation of debit card income, including third party switch network provider fees and related data transmission costs, and plastic card costs for the generation of debit cards for checking account
50
customers. Debit card expense increased 15% in 2021 compared to 2020, while debit card income increased 26% over this same period. Many of the costs associated with debit card expense are fixed per unit.
Regulatory assessments are the costs incurred and paid to various regulatory agencies, including the FDIC and OCC. Regulatory assessment fees are based on a number of factors, not limited to, asset growth, regulator risk assessment and positive or negative trends specific to the financial institution. The increase in 2021 over 2020 was driven by the receipt of the Small Bank Assessment Credit from the FDIC in the first and second quarters of 2020. We did not receive any further credits during 2021, and our regulatory assessment costs have returned to normal historical levels.
OREO and collection costs, net include the costs associated with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts for the Company's loans. The decrease in 2021 compared to 2020 was primarily driven by the recovery of $160,000 of costs in 2020 that were expensed in 2020, a gain of $190,000 recognized in 2021 upon the sale of an OREO property, and a reflection of the Company's strong asset quality. Should asset quality metrics begin to deteriorate, the associated costs with OREO, collection and foreclosure efforts will likely increase.
Amortization of core deposit intangible assets represents the amortization expense on core deposit intangible assets.
Other expenses include employee-related costs, such as certain SERP and other postretirement benefits expenses; hiring, training, education, meeting and business travel costs; donations and marketing costs; postage, freight and courier costs; and other expenses.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense for the year ended 2021 and 2020 was $17.6 million and $14.9 million, respectively, which resulted in an effective income tax rate of 20.3% for the year ended 2021 and 20.0% for 2020. The increase in the Company's effective tax rate between periods was driven by an increase in its blended state income tax rate between periods. As the Company continues to expand its footprint outside of Maine its blended state tax rate has increased, and will continue to increase, because Maine's state tax rate for financial institutions is lower than other states in the region in which we operate.
The Company's effective income tax rate for the year ended 2021 of 20.3% was lower than our marginal tax rate of 22.2%, which includes our 21.0% federal income tax rate and 1.4% state income tax rate, net of federal tax benefit, primarily due to non-taxable interest income from municipal bonds and certain qualifying loans, non-taxable BOLI, and tax credits received on qualifying investments.
The Company's deferred tax assets were $19.2 million and $12.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We continuously monitor and assess the need for a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, and we determined that no valuation allowance was necessary as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
Refer to Note 19 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of income taxes and related deferred tax assets and liabilities.
2020 Operating Results as Compared to 2019 Operating Results
The Company's net income for the year ended 2020 was $59.5 million, an increase of $2.3 million, or 4%, over 2019. Over the same period, diluted EPS increased $0.26, or 7%, to $3.95 per share for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company's 2020 operating results compared to 2019 are summarized as follows:
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin. Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for 2020 was $137.5 million, an increase of $8.8 million, or 7%, over 2019. The increase was largely driven by a $20 million, or 49%, decrease in interest expense due to the rate declines. Conversely, interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis declined by $11.2 million, or 7%, partially offsetting the increase in interest income. Average interest earning assets increased by $365.0 million, or 9%, which included average SBA PPP loans of $146.9 million, but produced a 59 basis point decline in our average yield on interest-earning assets between periods and reduced our average yield to 3.56% for the year ended December 31, 2020. Average funding liabilities increased by $353.0 million, or 9%, which was driven by average deposit growth of $432.9 million, or 13%, and produced a 53 basis point decline in our funding cost between periods to 0.49% for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis declined by 6 basis points between periods to 3.09% for the year ended December 31, 2020, and, on an adjusted-basis (excluding SBA PPP loans and excess liquidity) (non-GAAP), our net interest margin on a full-taxable equivalent basis was 3.10% for the year ended 2020, compared to 3.16% for 2019.
51
Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses for 2020 was $12.4 million, an increase of $9.6 million compared to 2019. The increase between periods was due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the inherent level of uncertainty within the markets and impact on the Company's loan portfolio at that time. Furthermore, the Company adopted the CECL during 2020, whereas the incurred loss methodology was used to account for the ACL for 2019.
Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income for 2020 was $50.5 million, and increased $8.4 million, or 20%, over 2019. The net increase was primarily driven by:
•An increase in mortgage banking income of $10.7 million, or 136%, between periods primarily due to an increase in residential mortgage loan originations of 79% driven by the decline in interest rates in 2020 in response to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
•An increase in debit card income of $719,000, or 7%, between periods driven by an increase in customer spend volume of 11%.
•A decrease in service charges on deposit accounts of $1.7 million, or 20%, between periods driven by lower overdraft and non-sufficient funds fees due to elevated deposit balances across our customer base as a result of government-issued stimulus in response to COVID-19.
•A decrease in other income of $986,000, or 24%, between periods as we recognized a $928,000 unrealized gain on another bank stock in 2019. In 2020, the bank stock was redeemed and a realized gain of $38,000 was recognized.
Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense for 2020 was $100.0 million, an increase of $4.7 million, or 5%, over 2019. The net increase was driven by:
•An increase in salaries and employee benefits of $3.4 million, or 6%, between periods, primarily due to a 5% increase in wages and related taxes, a 10% increase in health insurance costs, and higher bonus and incentives of $1.3 million, based on annual performance-to-budget.
•An increase in furniture, equipment and data processing costs of $875,000, or 8%, between periods, driven by continued technology and data-related investments made throughout 2020, as well as an increase in online banking costs of $125,000 as the pace of customer migration to electronic banking channels accelerated in 2020 due to COVID-19 and its impact.
•An increase in net occupancy costs of $538,000, or 8%, between periods, driven by an increase in rent and rent-related expenses of $495,000 and an increase in office cleaning costs of $331,000 due to COVID-19, partially offset by lower utility costs of $289,000 as many of our employees worked remotely through much of 2020 due to COVID-19.
For 2020, our ratio of non-interest expense to total revenues was 53.52%, compared to 56.15% for 2019, and, on a non-GAAP basis, our efficiency ratio was 52.56% for 2020, compared to 55.77% for 2019.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense for 2020 was $14.9 million, with an effective tax rate of 20.0%, compared to $14.4 million for 2019, with an effective tax rate of 20.1%.
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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Total cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2021 were $220.6 million, compared to $145.8 million at December 31, 2020. The increase in cash and cash equivalents balances of $74.8 million between periods was primarily driven by an increase in deposits of $487 million, or 61%, during 2021, which was likely the result of additional government stimulus programs issued in 2021 in response to COVID-19. We continuously manage and monitor our cash levels to ensure compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, including liquidity and FRB reserve requirements.
In March 2020, the FRB reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent, effectively eliminating the cash reserve requirement for all depository institutions.
Investments
The Company utilizes the investment portfolio to manage liquidity, interest rate risk, and regulatory capital, as well as to take advantage of market conditions to generate returns without undue risk. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s investment portfolio generally consisted of MBS, CMO, municipal and corporate debt securities, FHLBB and FRB common stock, and mutual funds held in a rabbi trust for purposes of Company executive and director nonqualified retirement plans. We designate our debt securities as AFS or HTM based on our intent and investment strategy and are carried at fair value or amortized cost, respectively; our FHLBB and FRB common stock is carried at cost; and our mutual funds are trading securities which are carried at fair value. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, total investments were 28% and 23% of total assets, respectively.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company's investments portfolio totaled $1.5 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, representing an increase of $390.7 million, or 34%, for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was driven primarily by investments in our AFS debt securities portfolio, including:
•Purchase of $758.8 million of debt securities in an effort to deploy excess liquidity that resulted from significant
deposit growth over the past year as consumers and businesses received proceeds from various government stimulus programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The weighted-average life of investments purchased during 2021 was 5.8 years, in part driving the increase in the weighted-average life of our debt securities portfolio from 5.1 years at December 31, 2020 to 5.9 years at December 31, 2021.
•Partially offsetting the purchases were (i) paydowns and calls of $321.6 million during 2021 and (ii) a $38.8 million decrease in the fair value of certain securities, based on changes in market interest rates as of December 31, 2021.
Our AFS debt securities portfolio, which comprised 99% of our investment portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020, was carried at fair value using level 2 valuation techniques. Refer to Notes 1 and 21 of the consolidated financial statements for further details on the Company's fair value techniques.
The AFS and HTM debt securities portfolio has limited credit risk due to its composition, which includes highly rated debt securities by nationally recognized rating agencies, and securities backed by the U.S. government and government-sponsored agencies. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, these investments represented approximately 90% and 88%, respectively, of the investment portfolio. The majority of the municipal bonds, which represented 8% and 11% of the investment portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, had a credit rating of “AA” or higher.
Our other investments on the consolidated statements of condition consist of FHLBB and FRB common stock. These investments are carried at cost. We are required to maintain a certain level of investment in FHLBB stock based on our level of FHLBB advances, and maintain a certain level of investment in FRB common stock based on the Bank's capital levels. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, our investment in FHLBB stock totaled $4.9 million and $6.2 million, respectively, and our investment in FRB stock was $5.4 million.
Our investments in mutual funds are designated as trading securities and carried at fair value. These investments are held within a rabbi trust and will be used for future payments associated with the Company’s Executive and Director Deferred Compensation Plan. These investments are carried at fair value using level 1 valuation techniques.
Beginning in 2020, upon adoption of CECL, our AFS debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position are assessed to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we did not record any allowances or write-down any of our AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position. Refer
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to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for AFS investments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Beginning in 2020, upon adoption of CECL, each reporting period our HTM debt securities are assessed to determine if an allowance should be recorded or if a write-down is required. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we did not record any allowances or write-down any of our HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2021. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our practices and policies, and refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details of our assessment of the allowance for HTM investments as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The following table sets forth the carrying value of AFS and HTM debt securities along with the percentage distribution as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | Carrying Value | Percent of Total Investments | ||||||||||
| Trading Securities (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds | $ | 4,428 | — | % | $ | 4,161 | — | % | ||||||
| Total trading securities | 4,428 | — | % | 4,161 | — | % | ||||||||
| AFS Debt Investments (carried at fair value): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 8,344 | — | % | — | — | % | ||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 117,478 | 8 | % | 127,120 | 11 | % | ||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 1,000,257 | 66 | % | 566,618 | 50 | % | ||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 358,849 | 24 | % | 410,454 | 37 | % | ||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 22,558 | 1 | % | 11,621 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total AFS debt investments | 1,507,486 | 99 | % | 1,115,813 | 99 | % | ||||||||
| HTM Debt Investments (carried at amortized cost): | ||||||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 1,291 | — | % | 1,297 | — | % | ||||||||
| Total HTM debt investments | 1,291 | — | % | 1,297 | — | % | ||||||||
| Other Investments (carried at cost): | ||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock | 4,906 | — | % | 6,167 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| FRB stock | 5,374 | — | % | 5,374 | — | % | ||||||||
| Total other investments | 10,280 | 1 | % | 11,541 | 1 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,523,485 | 100 | % | $ | 1,132,812 | 100 | % |
We continuously monitor and evaluate our investment securities portfolio to identify and assess risks within our portfolio, including, but not limited to, the impact of the current rate environment and the related prepayment risk, and review credit ratings. The overall mix of debt securities at December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020 remains relatively unchanged and well positioned to provide a stable source of cash flow. The duration of our debt investment securities portfolio at December 31, 2021 was 4.8 years, compared to 3.9 years at December 31, 2020. We are currently investing in cash flowing debt securities with average lives in the 3-5 year part of the yield curve with limited extension risk in a rising interest rate environment.
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The following table presents the book value and fully-taxable equivalent weighted-average yields of debt investments by
contractual maturity and the book value of other investments, for the periods indicated. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay.
| December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 year or less | Due in 1 – 5 years | Due in 5 – 10 years | Due in over 10 years | Amortized Cost | Amortized Cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Obligations of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 8,585 | $ | — | $ | 8,585 | $ | — | |||||||||||
| Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 716 | 5,528 | 60,111 | 47,022 | 113,377 | 120,905 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 2,081 | 28,774 | 180,844 | 792,170 | 1,003,869 | 547,396 | |||||||||||||||||
| Collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises | 8,310 | 13,031 | 47,399 | 293,041 | 361,781 | 399,937 | |||||||||||||||||
| Subordinated corporate bonds | 3,002 | 1,000 | 18,658 | — | 22,660 | 11,533 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total debt investments | $ | 14,109 | $ | 48,333 | $ | 315,597 | $ | 1,132,233 | $ | 1,510,272 | $ | 1,079,771 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average yield on debt securities(1) | 2.36 | 2.42 | % | 2.31 | % | 1.56 | % | 1.75 | % | 1.92 | % | ||||||||||||
| Other investments(2): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutual funds (fair value) | $ | 4,428 | $ | 4,161 | |||||||||||||||||||
| FHLBB stock (cost) | 4,906 | 6,167 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FRB stock (cost) | 5,374 | 5,374 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other investments | $ | 14,708 | $ | 15,702 |
(1) Weighted average is calculated by dividing the book value by the book value times tax yield.
(2) There is no scheduled maturity date.
Loans
The Company provides loans primarily to customers located within our geographic market area. Its primary markets continue to be in Maine, making up 72% and 73% of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Massachusetts and New Hampshire are our second and third largest markets, making up 14% and 9%, respectively, of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2021, compared to 13% and 8%, respectively, as of December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021, our distribution channels include 57 branches within Maine; one residential mortgage lending office in Braintree, Massachusetts; two locations in New Hampshire, including a branch in Portsmouth and a commercial loan production office in Manchester; and an online residential mortgage and small commercial digital loan platform.
The most significant industry concentration within our loan portfolio at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was the non-residential building operators industry (operators of commercial and industrial buildings, retail establishments, theaters, banks and insurance buildings). At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the non-residential building operators' industry concentration was 32% of our total commercial real estate portfolio and 14% of total loans, respectively. At December 31, 2021, there were no other industry concentrations within our loan portfolio that exceeded 10% of total loans.
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The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 1,178,185 | 34 | % | $ | 1,097,975 | 34 | % | ||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 317,275 | 9 | % | 271,495 | 8 | % | ||||||||
| Commercial | 363,695 | 11 | % | 381,494 | 12 | % | ||||||||
| SBA PPP | 35,953 | 1 | % | 135,095 | 4 | % | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | 1,306,447 | 38 | % | 1,054,798 | 33 | % | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 229,919 | 7 | % | 278,965 | 9 | % | ||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 3,431,474 | 100 | % | $ | 3,219,822 | 100 | % | ||||||
| Loan portfolio mix: | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,895,108 | 55 | % | 1,886,059 | 59 | % | ||||||||
| Retail | 1,536,366 | 45 | % | 1,333,763 | 41 | % |
Commercial Real Estate - Non-Owner-Occupied. Non-owner-occupied commercial estate loans are investment properties in which the primary source for repayment of the loan by the borrower is derived from rental income associated with the property or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing, or permanent refinancing of the property. Non owner-occupied commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans to finance investments in real property that may include, but are not limited to, multi-family residential, commercial/retail office space, industrial/warehouse space, hotels, assisted living facilities and other specific use properties. Also included within the non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loan segment are construction projects until they are completed.
Commercial Real Estate - Owner-Occupied. Generally, owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are properties that
are owned and operated by the borrower, and the primary source for repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the borrower's business. Owner-occupied commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans to finance investments in real property that may include, but are not limited to, commercial/retail office space, restaurants, educational and medical practice facilities and other specific use properties.
SBA PPP. SBA PPP loans are unsecured, fully-guaranteed commercial loans backed by the SBA, issued to qualifying small businesses as part of federal stimulus issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Loans made under the program have terms of two or five years and are to be used by the borrower to offset certain payroll and other operating costs, such as rent and utilities. The loan and accrued interest, or a portion thereof, is eligible for forgiveness by the SBA should the qualifying small business meet certain conditions. These loans were originated under the guidance of the SBA, which has been subject to change. Effective May 31, 2021, the SBA PPP loan program ended and the Company is no longer originating loans under this program.
Residential Real Estate. Residential real estate loans consist of loans secured by one-to four-family properties, including for investment purposes. We generally retain in our portfolio adjustable rate mortgages, fixed rate mortgages with original terms of 30 years or less, and jumbo/non-conforming residential mortgages.
For the year ended 2021, we originated a record $1.1 billion of residential mortgage loans, an increase of 5% over 2020. In 2021, we sold 44% of our residential mortgage production to secondary market investors, compared to 61% for 2020. The historically low interest rate environment in 2020 carried into 2021 and drove strong purchase and refinance activity. Refinance activity was 47% of our residential mortgage originations for the year ended 2021, compared to 55% for 2020.
As part of our overall asset/liability management strategy, we sell residential mortgages we originate to secondary market participants to manage our interest rate risk position and generate non-interest income. Factors we consider in determining which loans to sell, include, but are not limited to, current and future outlook of the interest rate environment; loan terms, including loan size, interest rate, fixed or variable and maturity date; and estimated prepayment speed.
Consumer and Home Equity. Consumer and home equity loans are originated for a wide variety of purposes designed to meet the needs of our customers. Consumer loans include overdraft protection, automobile, boat, recreational vehicle, and mobile home loans, home equity loans and lines, and secured and unsecured personal loans.
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At December 31, 2021 and 2020, 27% and 35% of the consumer loan portfolio was unsecured, respectively, and 47% of the home equity portfolio was secured by junior lien positions as of each date.
Related Party Transactions
The Bank is permitted, in its normal course of business, to make loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank under terms that are consistent with the Bank’s lending policies and regulatory requirements. In addition to extending loans to certain officers and directors of the Company and Bank on terms consistent with the Bank’s lending policies, federal banking regulations also require training, audit and examination of the adherence to this policy (also known as “Regulation O” requirements). Note 3 and Note 8 of the consolidated financial statements provide related party lending and deposit information, respectively. We have not entered into significant non-lending related party transactions.
Asset Quality
Asset quality continues to be of the upmost importance to the Company, and continues to be of great focus in light of COVID-19 and its impact on our markets and economies. Our practice is to manage the Company's loan portfolio proactively so that we are able to effectively identify problem credits and trends early, assess and implement effective work-out strategies, and take charge-offs as promptly as practical. In addition, the Company continuously reassesses its underwriting standards in response to credit risk posed by changes in economic conditions. The Company continues to dedicate significant resources to monitor and manage credit risk throughout our loan portfolio and includes management and board-level oversight as follows:
•The Credit Risk and Special Assets team and the Credit Risk Policy Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Credit Risk and Special Assets, Compliance, and Commercial and Retail Banking, oversee the Company's systems and procedures to monitor the credit quality of its loan portfolio, conduct a loan review program, and maintain the integrity of the loan rating system.
•The adequacy of the ACL is overseen by the Management Provision Committee, which is an internal management committee comprised of various Company executives and senior managers across business lines, including Accounting and Finance, Credit Underwriting, Credit Risk and Special Assets, Compliance, and Commercial and Retail Banking. The Management Provision Committee supports the oversight efforts of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
•The Directors' Credit Committee of the Board of Directors reviews large credit exposures, monitors external loan review reports, reviews the lending authority for individual loan officers when required, and has approval authority and responsibility for all matters regarding the loan policy and other credit-related policies, including reviewing and monitoring asset quality trends, and concentration levels.
•The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors has approval authority and oversight responsibility for the ACL adequacy and methodology.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we worked directly with businesses and consumers through 2020 to provide temporary debt relief that generally provided principal and/or interest payment deferrals for a period of 180 days or less. For loans that received temporary debt relief, we provided such relief under the guidance of the CARES Act and bank regulatory guidance that enabled such qualifying loans to be exempted from assessment under TDR accounting guidance. All loans granted temporary debt relief met the TDR exemption criteria under authoritative guidance, i.e., all such loans were current with terms of payment at the time of relief, and therefore were not individually assessed, designated or accounted for as TDRs. In addition, those loans that were granted temporary debt relief were not automatically downgraded into lower credit risk ratings. At December 31, 2020, the payment status of these loans operating under a temporary payment deferral arrangement were reported based on payment status at the time the deferral was granted to the borrower. In late-December 2020, another stimulus package (i.e. Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021) was signed into law to provide additional COVID-19 relief for businesses and consumers under similar terms as those issued under the CARES Act, and, again, enabled the Company to provide temporary debt relief to borrowers impacted by COVID-19. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 expired on December 31, 2021 and the Company is no longer exempt from TDR accounting for COVID-19 hardships under the terms of the authoritative guidance.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no loans operating under a short-term deferral arrangement granted due to a COVID-19-related hardship, whereas at December 31, 2020, the amortized cost of loans operating under this program was $26.5 million, or 0.8% of loans. At this time, any additional temporary debt relief will be made on a case-by-case basis.
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Non-Performing Assets. Non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due, accruing TDRs, and property acquired through foreclosure or repossession. The following table sets forth the composition and amount of our non-performing loans as of the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||
| Non-accrual loans: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 51 | $ | 366 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 133 | 146 | |||||
| Commercial | 829 | 1,607 | |||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | |||||
| Residential real estate | 2,107 | 3,477 | |||||
| Consumer and home equity | 1,207 | 2,000 | |||||
| Total non-accrual loans | 4,327 | 7,596 | |||||
| Accruing loans past due 90 days | — | — | |||||
| Accruing TDRs (not included above) | 2,392 | 2,818 | |||||
| Total non-performing loans | 6,719 | 10,414 | |||||
| Other real estate owned | 165 | 236 | |||||
| Total non-performing assets | $ | 6,884 | $ | 10,650 | |||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 3,431,474 | 3,219,822 | ||||
| Total assets | $ | 5,500,356 | $ | 4,898,745 | |||
| ACL on loans | $ | 33,256 | $ | 37,865 | |||
| ACL on loans to non-accrual loans | 768.57 | % | 498.49 | % | |||
| Non-accrual loans to total loans | 7.19 | % | 7.44 | % | |||
| Non-accrual loans to total loans | 0.13 | % | 0.24 | % | |||
| Non-performing loans to total loans | 0.20 | % | 0.32 | % | |||
| Non-performing assets to total assets | 0.13 | % | 0.22 | % |
Generally, a loan is classified as non-accrual when interest and/or principal payments are 90 days past due or when management believes collecting all principal and interest owed is in doubt. All previously accrued but unpaid interest on non-accrual loans is reversed from interest income in the current period. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans are applied as a reduction of principal. A loan remains on non-accrual status until all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, all future principal and interest payments are reasonably assured, and a consistent repayment record, generally six consecutive payments, has been demonstrated. At that time, we may reclassify the loan to performing. For loans that qualify as TDRs, we will classify the interest collected as interest income once the aforementioned criteria for non-accrual loans is met and demonstrated. However, loans classified as TDRs remain classified as such for the life of the loan, except in limited circumstances, when it is determined that the borrower is performing under the modified terms and (i) the loan is subsequently restructured and re-written in a new agreement at an interest rate greater than or equal to an acceptable market rate for a comparable new loan at the time of the restructuring, and (ii) there has been no principal forgiveness.
The following table highlights the interest income that would have been recognized if loans on non-accrual status had been current in accordance with their original terms (i.e., “foregone interest income”) and the interest income recognized on non-performing loans and performing TDRs for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| Foregone interest income | $ | 256 | $ | 335 | $ | 420 | |||||
| Interest income recognized on non-performing loans and performing TDRs | 90 | 128 | 162 |
Potential Problem Loans. Potential problem loans consist of classified accruing commercial and commercial real estate loans that were 30-89 days past due. Such loans are characterized by weaknesses in the financial condition of our borrowers or collateral deficiencies. Based on historical experience, the credit quality of some of these loans may improve due to the
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financial condition of the borrowers or changes in collateral values, while the credit quality of other loans may deteriorate, resulting in some amount of loss. These loans are not included in the above analysis of non-accrual loans. At December 31, 2021, potential problem loans totaled $162,000.
Past Due Loans. Past due loans consist of accruing loans that were 30-89 days past due. The following table presents the recorded investment of past due loans at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due: | |||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | — | $ | 50 | |||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 47 | — | |||||
| Commercial | 552 | 430 | |||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | |||||
| Residential real estate | 400 | 2,297 | |||||
| Consumer and home equity | 509 | 440 | |||||
| Total loans 30-89 days past due | $ | 1,508 | $ | 3,217 | |||
| Total loans | 3,431,474 | 3,219,822 | |||||
| Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.04 | % | 0.10 | % |
ACL. The following table sets forth information concerning the components of our ACL for the periods indicated:
| At or For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| (CECL) | (CECL) | (Incurred Loss) | |||||||||
| ACL on loans, beginning of period | $ | 37,865 | $ | 25,171 | $ | 24,712 | |||||
| Impact of CECL adoption(1) | — | 233 | — | ||||||||
| (Credit) provision for loan losses | (3,817) | 13,215 | 2,862 | ||||||||
| Net charge-offs (recoveries)(2): | |||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | (9) | (17) | 251 | ||||||||
| Commercial | 579 | 558 | 1,013 | ||||||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | — | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | (15) | (171) | 446 | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 237 | 384 | 693 | ||||||||
| Total net charge-offs (recoveries) | 792 | 754 | 2,403 | ||||||||
| ACL on loans, end of the period | $ | 33,256 | $ | 37,865 | $ | 25,171 | |||||
| Components of ACL: | |||||||||||
| ACL on loans | $ | 33,256 | $ | 37,865 | $ | 25,171 | |||||
| ACL on off-balance sheet credit exposures | 3,195 | 2,568 | 21 | ||||||||
| ACL, end of period | $ | 36,451 | $ | 40,433 | $ | 25,192 | |||||
| Total loans, excluding loans held for sale | $ | 3,431,474 | $ | 3,219,822 | $ | 3,095,023 | |||||
| Average loans | $ | 3,299,313 | $ | 3,271,378 | $ | 3,090,221 | |||||
| Net charge-offs to average loans | 0.02 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.08 | % | |||||
| Provision for loan losses to average loans | (0.12) | % | 0.40 | % | 0.09 | % | |||||
| ACL on loans to total loans | 0.97 | % | 1.18 | % | 0.81 | % |
(1) Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, commonly referred to as “CECL.” Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further details.
(2) Additional information related to (credit) provision for loan losses and net (charge-offs) recoveries is presented in the following table for the periods indicated:
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| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Total Charge-offs | Total Recoveries | Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) | Average Loans | Ratio of Net Charge-Offs (Recoveries) to Average Loans | ||||||||||||||||
| 2021: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | — | $ | 9 | $ | (9) | $ | 1,412,884 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 799 | 220 | 579 | 361,256 | 0.16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | — | 118,414 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 92 | 107 | (15) | 1,156,698 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 273 | 36 | 237 | 250,061 | 0.09 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,164 | $ | 372 | $ | 792 | $ | 3,299,313 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||
| 2020: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 103 | $ | 120 | $ | (17) | $ | 1,310,160 | — | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,130 | 572 | 558 | 417,160 | 0.13 | % | |||||||||||||||
| SBA PPP | — | — | — | 146,918 | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 121 | 292 | (171) | 1,085,064 | (0.02) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 484 | 100 | 384 | 312,076 | 0.12 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,838 | $ | 1,084 | $ | 754 | $ | 3,271,378 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||
| 2019: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate | $ | 300 | $ | 49 | $ | 251 | $ | 1,260,412 | 0.02 | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 1,238 | 225 | 1,013 | 437,372 | 0.23 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 462 | 16 | 446 | 1,045,668 | 0.04 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 713 | 20 | 693 | 346,769 | 0.20 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,713 | $ | 310 | $ | 2,403 | $ | 3,090,221 | 0.08 | % |
(3) Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, commonly referred to as “CECL.” Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further details.
The following table sets forth information concerning the allocation of the ACL on loans by loan categories at the dates indicated:
| December 31, | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ACL on Loans | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans | ||||||||||
| Commercial real estate - non-owner-occupied | $ | 18,834 | 34 | % | $ | 21,778 | 34 | % | ||||||
| Commercial real estate - owner-occupied | 2,539 | 9 | % | 2,832 | 8 | % | ||||||||
| Commercial | 4,183 | 11 | % | 6,703 | 12 | % | ||||||||
| SBA PPP | 19 | 1 | % | 69 | 4 | % | ||||||||
| Residential real estate | 6,133 | 38 | % | 3,474 | 33 | % | ||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 1,548 | 7 | % | 3,009 | 9 | % | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 33,256 | 100 | % | $ | 37,865 | 100 | % |
There was no ACL on AFS or HTM debt securities as of December 31, 2021 or 2020.
Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of our CECL model macroeconomic factors (i.e. loss drivers), and refer to Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion of the risk characteristics for each portfolio segment considered when evaluating the ACL, as well as factors driving the change in the ACL on loans at December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020.
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Goodwill and Core Deposit Intangible Assets
Upon completion of an acquisition the Company will likely generate goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill represents the price paid in excess of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. Through the acquisition of other financial institutions, core deposit intangible assets are recognized at the estimated fair value of the acquired non-maturity deposit customer relationships. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment as of November 30th annually, or more frequently as needed, and core deposit intangible assets are reviewed when a triggering event suggests such is necessary.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, goodwill totaled $94.7 million. Through our annual impairment analysis performed as of November 30th each year, we determined goodwill was not impaired. Refer to “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 4 of the consolidated financial statements for further details of the testing performed.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, core deposit intangible assets totaled $2.2 million and $2.8 million, respectively, and related amortization was $655,000, $682,000, and $705,000 for the years ended 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. There were no indications of potential risk of impairment of core deposit intangible assets for any of the aforementioned years.
Investment in BOLI
BOLI is presented in the consolidated statements of condition at its cash surrender value. Increases in BOLI’s cash surrender value are reported as a component of non-interest income in the consolidated statements of income.
BOLI was $97.2 million and $94.9 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase year-over-year reflects the increase in the cash surrender value. BOLI provides a means to mitigate increasing employee benefit costs. We expect to benefit from the BOLI contracts as a result of the tax-free growth in cash surrender value and death benefits that are expected to be generated over time. The largest risk to the BOLI program is credit risk of the insurance carriers. To mitigate this risk, annual financial condition reviews are completed on all carriers. BOLI is invested in the “general account” of quality insurance companies or in separate account products, 94% of our balances are with insurance carriers that had an A.M. Best rating of “B++” or better at December 31, 2021.
Deposits
The Company receives checking, savings and time deposits primarily from customers located within our geographic market area. Other forms of deposits include brokered deposits and deposits with the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry System (“CDARS”). Total deposits at December 31, 2021 were $4.6 billion, which included brokered deposits of $208.5 million. Total deposits at December 31, 2021 increased $603.6 million, or 15%, over December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily within core deposits (non-GAAP), which grew $726.8 million, or 22%, over this period, primarily due to additional government stimulus and programs provided to our depositors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Over the same period, CDs decreased $48 million, or 13%, as we continued to actively manage non-relationship deposits in an effort to lower our cost of funds.
At December 31, 2021, the Company had no customer relationships that exceeded 10% of total deposits.
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Average Deposits. The following table presents the average deposits and average interest rate paid for the periods indicated:
| For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in thousands) | AverageBalance(1) | Average Rate Paid | AverageBalance(1) | Average Rate Paid | AverageBalance(1) | Average Rate Paid | |||||||||||||||
| Deposits: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-interest checking | $ | 1,083,357 | — | % | $ | 684,539 | — | % | $ | 519,078 | — | % | |||||||||
| Interest checking | 1,297,695 | 0.19 | % | 1,289,501 | 0.35 | % | 1,123,268 | 0.93 | % | ||||||||||||
| Savings | 675,533 | 0.04 | % | 536,014 | 0.06 | % | 476,860 | 0.08 | % | ||||||||||||
| Money market | 706,474 | 0.29 | % | 701,640 | 0.50 | % | 607,383 | 1.24 | % | ||||||||||||
| Core deposits (non-GAAP) | 3,763,059 | 0.13 | % | 3,211,694 | 0.26 | % | 2,726,589 | 0.67 | % | ||||||||||||
| CDs | 333,352 | 0.53 | % | 454,750 | 1.27 | % | 506,971 | 1.57 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total deposits | 4,096,411 | 0.16 | % | 3,666,444 | 0.38 | % | 3,233,560 | 0.81 | % | ||||||||||||
| Brokered deposits | 282,399 | 0.45 | % | 242,951 | 0.60 | % | 316,475 | 2.42 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total deposits, including brokered deposits | $ | 4,378,810 | 0.18 | % | $ | 3,909,395 | 0.40 | % | $ | 3,550,035 | 0.96 | % |
(1) Reported average balances are calculated on a daily basis.
Uninsured Deposits. Total deposits that exceed the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, were $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively. The Company has pledged assets as collateral covering certain deposits in the amount of $347.0 million and $322.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The portion of time deposits that exceed the FDIC deposit insurance limit of $250,000, by time remaining until maturity, at December 31, 2021 was $61.4 million. At December 31, 2021, the Company does not have time deposits that are otherwise uninsured.
Borrowings and Advances
We utilize a variety of funding sources to manage our borrowings, including, but not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances, customer and wholesale repurchase agreements, and subordinated debentures. We proactively monitor our borrowings through Management and Board ALCO as part of prudent balance sheet, earnings, and liquidity management. As part of our liquidity management, we use internal designations of “short-term” and “long-term” borrowings, and manage our borrowings within each designation:
•Short-term borrowings include, but are not limited to, FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings, FHLBB advances with maturity within one year of origination, and customer repurchase agreements.
•Long-term borrowings may include, but are not limited to, FHLBB advances with maturity greater than one year, wholesale repurchase agreements, and subordinated debentures.
At December 31, 2021, short-term borrowings were $211.6 million, representing an increase of $49.2 million, or 30%, since December 31, 2020. The increase in short-term borrowings was due to our deposit growth during 2020.
At December 31, 2021, long-term borrowings, including subordinated debentures, totaled $44.3 million, a decrease of $15 million, or 25%, since December 31, 2020. In 2020, we entered into a new long-term borrowing contract with the FHLBB for $25.0 million that matures in 2025, and in February 2021 we terminated this borrowing contract given excess liquidity levels and incurred a one-time prepayment penalty of $514,000.
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Short-Term Borrowings. The following table below provides certain information on our short-term borrowings at and for the period ended:
| December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||
| FHLBB and correspondent bank overnight borrowings: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 5,825 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 297 | 7,545 | 15,282 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | — | 10,725 | 91,200 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 0.40 | % | 1.37 | % | 2.20 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | — | % | — | % | 1.85 | % | |||||
| FHLBB advances (less than one year): | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 25,000 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | — | 27,381 | 3,850 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | — | 50,000 | 25,000 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | — | % | 0.59 | % | 1.85 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | — | % | — | % | 1.77 | % | |||||
| Customer repurchase agreements: | |||||||||||
| Balance outstanding at end of year | $ | 211,608 | $ | 162,439 | $ | 237,984 | |||||
| Average daily balance outstanding | 185,246 | 205,890 | 241,899 | ||||||||
| Maximum balance outstanding at any month end | 217,320 | 265,997 | 273,454 | ||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate for the year | 0.31 | % | 0.64 | % | 1.25 | % | |||||
| Weighted average interest rate at end of year | 0.25 | % | 0.34 | % | 1.21 | % |
Long-Term Borrowings. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $0 and $25.0 million of long-term borrowings. In light of the Company's liquidity position due to strong deposit growth during 2020 and 2021, in the first quarter of 2021, we terminated a $25.0 million long-term borrowing contract with the FHLBB under which advances had an interest rate of 0.98%, and incurred a one-time prepayment penalty of $514,000.
Subordinated Debentures. In connection with the formation of CCTA and UBCT, and the issuance and sale of trust preferred securities to the public, we received and have outstanding at December 31, 2021 and 2020, junior subordinated debentures totaling $44.3 million.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no subordinated debentures outstanding. On April 16, 2021, we exercised our call option on the $15.0 million of subordinated debentures that was outstanding at December 31, 2021, at par plus accrued interest.
FHLBB Collateral. FHLBB short-term and long-term borrowings are collateralized by a blanket lien on qualified collateral consisting primarily of loans with first mortgages secured by one- to four-family properties, certain commercial real estate loans, certain pledged investment securities and other qualified assets. The carrying value of residential real estate and commercial loans pledged as collateral was $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral at the FHLBB was $26,000 and $38,000 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Shareholders’ Equity
Total shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2021 was $541.3 million, which was an increase of $12 million, or 2%, since December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily driven by normal operating activities, including net income of $69.0 for the year ended 2021, net of: (1) a decrease in the fair value of the Company's AFS debt securities of $27.0, net of tax; (2) dividends declared of $22.1 million for the year ended 2021; and (3) repurchase of 217,931 shares of the Company's common stock for a total cost of $10.1 million
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company and the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital guidelines, and, specifically, the Bank met the capital ratios necessary to be considered “well capitalized” under prompt corrective action provisions for each
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period. There were no changes to the Company or the Bank's capital that occurred subsequent to December 31, 2021 that would change the Company or Bank's regulatory capital categorization.
In January 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 750,000 shares of the Company's common stock, representing approximately 5% of the Company's issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of December 31, 2021. This program replaces the 2021 program, which expired upon the announcement of the new program, and will continue until the earlier of: (1) authorized number of shares are repurchased, (2) the Company's Board of Directors terminates the program, or (3) January 3, 2023 (12 months from the announcement of the new program). Purchases under the new program may be made at the Company's discretion from time to time in the open market, through block trades or otherwise, and in privately negotiated transactions, subject to market conditions and other factors, and in accordance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements.
Refer to “—Capital Resources” and Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the Company's capital position.
The following table presents certain information regarding shareholders’ equity for the periods indicated:
| As of and For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Financial Ratios | |||||||||||
| Average equity to average assets | 10.33 | % | 10.39 | % | 10.43 | % | |||||
| Common equity ratio | 9.84 | % | 10.81 | % | 10.69 | % | |||||
| Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) | 8.22 | % | 8.99 | % | 8.66 | % | |||||
| Dividend payout ratio | 32.03 | % | 33.33 | % | 33.24 | % | |||||
| Per Share Data | |||||||||||
| Book value per share | $ | 36.72 | $ | 35.50 | $ | 31.26 | |||||
| Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) | $ | 30.15 | $ | 28.96 | $ | 24.77 | |||||
| Dividends declared per share | $ | 1.48 | $ | 1.32 | $ | 1.23 |
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LIQUIDITY
Our liquidity needs require the availability of cash to meet the withdrawal demands of depositors and credit commitments to borrowers. Liquidity is defined as our ability to maintain availability of funds to meet customer needs, as well as to support our asset base. The primary objective of liquidity management is to maintain a balance between sources and uses of funds to meet our cash flow needs in the most economical and expedient manner. Due to the potential for unexpected fluctuations in both deposits and loans, active management of liquidity is necessary. We maintain various sources of funding and levels of liquid assets and monitor liquidity in accordance with internal guidelines and all applicable regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company's liquidity level exceeded its target. We believe that we currently have appropriate liquidity available to respond to demands. Sources of funds that we utilize consist of deposits; borrowings from the FHLBB and other sources; cash flows from loans and investments; and cash flows from operations, including other contractual obligations and commitments.
We believe that our level of liquidity is sufficient to meet current and future funding requirements; however, changes in economic conditions, including consumer saving habits and the availability or access to the brokered deposit and wholesale repurchase markets, could significantly affect our liquidity position.
Deposits. Deposits continue to represent our primary source of funds. For 2021, total deposits, including brokered deposits, were $4.6 billion, an increase of 15% over December 31, 2020. Total deposit growth during 2021 was driven by core deposits (non-GAAP) growth of $726.8 million, or 22%, which excludes CDs and brokered deposits. Included within money market deposits for 2021 and 2020 were $63.9 million and $59.8 million, respectively, of deposits from Camden National Wealth Management, which represent client funds. These deposits fluctuate with changes in the portfolios of the clients of Camden National Wealth Management. Time deposits are generally considered to be more interest rate sensitive than other deposits and, therefore, more likely to be withdrawn to obtain higher yields elsewhere if available.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of CDs as of December 31, 2021:
| (In thousands) | CDs | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 168,558 | |
| 1 year | 141,090 | ||
| Total | $ | 309,648 |
Borrowings. Borrowings are used to supplement deposits as a source of liquidity. Our primary sources of borrowings are with the FHLBB and customer repurchase agreements, but may also include alternative sources such as various forms of subordinated debentures. For the year ended 2021, total borrowings increased $9.2 million, or 4%, to $255.9 million compared to the same period last year. Our practice is to secure borrowings from the FHLBB with qualified commercial and residential real estate loans, home equity loans and certain investment securities. At December 31, 2021, total borrowing capacity was $775.4 million. Customer repurchase agreements are secured by mortgage-backed securities and government-sponsored enterprises. Through the Bank, we also have available lines of credit with the FHLBB of $9.9 million, with a correspondent bank of $50.0 million, and with the FRB Discount Window of $54.7 million as of December 31, 2021. Additionally, the Company also has a $10.0 million line of credit with a correspondent bank that matures on December 16, 2022. We also believe that we have additional untapped access to the brokered deposit market and wholesale reverse repurchase transaction market. These sources are considered as liquidity alternatives in our contingent liquidity plan.
The following is a summary of the scheduled maturities of borrowings as of December 31, 2021:
| (In thousands) | FHLBB Advances | Customer Repurchase Agreements | Subordinated Debentures | Total | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | — | $ | 211,608 | $ | — | $ | 211,608 | |||||||
| 1 year | — | — | 44,331 | 44,331 | |||||||||||
| Total | $ | — | $ | 211,608 | $ | 44,331 | $ | 255,939 |
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Loans. Contractual loan repayments also affect our liquidity position. Actual speed and timing of repayment may differ materially from contract terms due to prepayments or nonpayment. The Company's residential mortgage loan portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of loans on the secondary market, as needed. As of December 31, 2021, book value of $1.4 billion of qualifying loans were pledged as collateral.
The following table presents the contractual maturities of loans at the date indicated:
| December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in thousands) | Due in 1 Year or Less | Due after 1 Year Through 5 Years | Due After 5 Years Through 15 Years | Due in More than 15 Years | Total | Percent of Total Loans | |||||||||||||||||
| Maturity Distribution(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | $ | 39,068 | $ | 100,967 | $ | 441,139 | $ | 2,724 | $ | 583,898 | 17 | % | |||||||||||
| Commercial | 4,759 | 124,688 | 83,706 | 627 | 213,780 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 204 | 9,000 | 170,618 | 915,409 | 1,095,231 | 32 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 1,140 | 13,758 | 24,962 | 158,280 | 198,140 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total fixed rate | 45,171 | 248,413 | 720,425 | 1,077,040 | 2,091,049 | 61 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Variable Rate: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial real estate(2) | 32,509 | 170,568 | 462,864 | 245,622 | 911,563 | 27 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Commercial | 42,630 | 75,310 | 51,946 | 15,981 | 185,867 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Residential real estate | 39 | 1,038 | 37,650 | 172,489 | 211,216 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and home equity | 392 | 4,799 | 10,150 | 16,438 | 31,779 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total variable rate | 75,570 | 251,715 | 562,610 | 450,530 | 1,340,425 | 39 | % | ||||||||||||||||
| Total loans | $ | 120,741 | $ | 500,128 | $ | 1,283,035 | $ | 1,527,570 | $ | 3,431,474 | 100 | % |
(1) Scheduled repayments are reported in the maturity category in which payment is due. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less
(2) Commercial real estate loans includes non-owner-occupied and owner-occupied properties.
Additionally, we have active relationships with various secondary market investors that purchase residential mortgage loans we originate. In addition to managing our interest rate risk position and earnings through the sale of these loans, we are also able to manage our liquidity position through timely sales of residential mortgage loans to the secondary market. For the year ended 2021, we sold 44% of our $1.1 billion of residential mortgage loan originations to the secondary market.
Investments. We generally invest in amortizing MBS and CMO debt securities that return cash flow at an accelerated rate in comparison to other types of debt securities that are of a bullet structure. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company's MBS and CMO debt securities portfolio totaled 90% and 87%, respectively, of the Company's investment portfolio. The investment portfolio is also a significant source of contingent liquidity for the Company that could be accessed in a reasonable time period through the sale of investments on the secondary market, if needed. As of December 31, 2021, $867.4 million of our AFS debt securities, or 57.5%, was designated as AFS and not pledged as collateral.
The following is a summary of the scheduled cash flows from our debt securities portfolio, including investments designated as AFS and HTM, as of December 31, 2021:
| (In thousands) | ContractualCash Flows(1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year or less | $ | 254,775 | |||||||
| 1 year | 1,255,585 | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,510,360 |
(1) Expected contractual cash flows could differ as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
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Other Liquidity Requirements. Through the Company's normal course of business it generates cash flows from earnings and, while not contractual, it has a history of paying a quarterly cash dividend to its shareholders and repurchasing its shares of common stock. For the year ended 2021, the Company reported $69.0 million of net income, paid cash dividends of $21.1 million to shareholders and repurchased shares of its common stock for $10.1 million.
Also through its normal operations, the Company is party to several other contractual obligations not previously discussed, such as various lease agreements on a number of its branches. Renewal options within the various lease contracts, as applicable, were considered to determine the lease term and estimate the contractual obligation and commitment for the Company's operating and finance leases. Furthermore, certain lease contracts of the Company contain language that subject its rent payment to variability, such as those tied to an index or change in an index. As a result, the future contractual obligation and commitment may materially differ from that estimated and disclosed within the table below. At December 31, 2021, we had the following lease and other contractual obligations to make future payments under each of these contracts as follows:
| Total Amount Committed | Payments Due Per Period | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In thousands) | 1 Year or Less | 1 Year | |||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 14,034 | $ | 1,354 | $ | 12,680 | |||||
| Finance leases | 7,431 | 309 | 7,122 | ||||||||
| Other contractual obligations | 2,079 | 2,079 | — | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 23,544 | $ | 3,742 | $ | 19,802 |
The Company's estimated lease liability for its various operating and finance leases was reported within other liabilities on our consolidated statements of condition. Please refer to Notes 1 and 6 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of our leases.
In the normal course of business, we are a party to credit related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk, which are not reflected in the consolidated statements of condition. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Many of the commitments will expire without being drawn upon, and thus, the total amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Refer to Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details.
We use derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes (primarily interest rate risk) and not for trading or speculative purposes. These contracts with our various counterparties may subject the Company to various cash flow requirements, which may include posting of cash as collateral (or other assets) for arrangements that the Company is in a liability position (i.e. “underwater”). Refer to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our derivatives and hedge instruments.
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CAPITAL RESOURCES
As part of our goal to operate a safe, sound and profitable financial organization, we are committed to maintaining a strong capital base. Shareholders’ equity totaled $541.3 million and $529.3 million at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which amounted to 10% of total assets. Refer to “— Financial Condition — Shareholders' Equity” for discussion regarding changes in shareholders' equity since December 31, 2020.
Our principal cash requirement is the payment of dividends on our common stock, as and when declared by the Company's Board of Directors. We declared dividends to shareholders in the aggregate amount of $22.1 million, or $1.48 per share, $19.8 million, or $1.32 per share, and $18.9 million, or $1.23 per share, for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company's Board of Directors approves cash dividends on a quarterly basis after careful analysis and consideration of various factors, including the following: (i) capital position relative to total assets, (ii) risk-based assets, (iii) total classified assets, (iv) economic conditions, (v) growth rates for total assets and total liabilities, (vi) earnings performance and projections and (vii) strategic initiatives and related capital requirements. All dividends declared and distributed by the Company will be in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and state corporate law.
We are primarily dependent upon the payment of cash dividends by the Bank, our wholly-owned subsidiary, to service our commitments. We, as the sole shareholder of the Bank, are entitled to dividends, when and as declared by the Bank's Board of Directors from legally available funds. For the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, the Bank declared dividends payable to the Company in the amount of $41.7 million, $39.4 million, and $36.9 million, respectively. Under OCC regulations, the Bank generally may not declare a dividend in excess of the Bank’s undivided profits or, absent OCC approval, if the total amount of dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year exceeds the total of the Bank's retained net income for the current year plus its retained net income for the prior two years. If we are required to use dividends from the Bank to service unforeseen commitments in the future, we may be required to reduce the dividends paid to our shareholders going forward.
Please refer to Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements for discussion and details of the Company and Bank's capital regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company and Bank met all regulatory capital requirements and the Bank continues to be classified as “well capitalized” under prompt corrective action provisions.
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RISK MANAGEMENT
The Company’s Board of Directors and management have identified significant risk categories which affect the Company. The risk categories include: credit; liquidity; market; interest rate; capital; operational and technology, including cybersecurity; vendor and third party; people and compensation; compliance and legal; and strategic alignment and reputation. The Board of Directors has approved an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) Policy that addresses each category of risk. The direct oversight and responsibility for the Company's risk management program has been delegated to the Company's Executive Vice President, Enterprise Risk Management and Chief Risk Officer, who is a member of the Executive Committee and reports directly to the Chief Executive Officer.
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased many of the risks we face, including our credit, operational, vendor and third party, and technology risks. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company formed the Pandemic Work Group in 2020 to develop and oversee the Company’s response. The Pandemic Work Group has: (i) developed employee practices, policies and playbooks to address pandemic related issues; (ii) implemented monitoring of all federal, state and local actions, such as stay-at-home orders, masking mandates and others, so that the Company can comply with all legal requirements; (iii) completed risk assessments and proactive monitoring over critical vendors, along with enhanced cybersecurity monitoring and reporting; (iv) created ongoing assessment and monitoring over employee availability, safety, workloads and access to tools (including technology needed to work from home effectively); (v) oversaw the roll out of and continue to monitor the SBA PPP loan program and temporary loan relief programs; (vi) developed our branch network plan, including determination of which of our branches were to close in order to best allocate resources; (vii) developed a plan for, and oversaw the re-opening of our branches in June 2020, which included ensuring health and safety protocols and practices were in place for our employees and customers; and (viii) completed and implemented the Company's “return-to-office” strategy during the third quarter of 2021, which included certain employees returning to the office full-time, others through a hybrid model (i.e., work from home part-time and from one of the Company's physical locations part-time), and others working remotely full-time. The Company's Executive Committee continues to monitor this strategy and will continue to re-evaluate in 2022.
The Pandemic Work Group continues to oversee areas of the Company’s response such as employee practices and assessment of employee availability, safety and workload. Members of the Pandemic Work Group include the Company’s executive team and members of senior management. The Pandemic Work Group, through the Company's executive team, regularly reports to the Board of Directors to assist with its ongoing oversight of the Company’s response to COVID-19 and management of all areas of risks the Company faces, which have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Company is, and may become, subject to other risks. Refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for further description of the Company's material risks.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from an obligor's failure to meet the terms of any contract with the Company or otherwise to perform as agreed. It is found in all activities in which success depends on counterparty, issuer or borrower performance. It arises any time funds are extended, committed, invested or otherwise exposed through actual or implied contractual agreements, whether reflected on or off the Company's balance sheet. The Company makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of its loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers and counterparties and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of loans. For further discussion regarding credit risk and the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, refer to “—Financial Condition—Asset Quality” and Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from the Company’s inability to meet its obligations when they come due, without incurring unacceptable losses. Liquidity risk includes the inability to manage unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources. Liquidity risk also arises from the failure to recognize or address changes in market conditions that affect the ability to liquidate assets quickly and with minimal loss in value. For further discussion regarding the Company's management of liquidity risk, refer to “—Liquidity” section.
Market Risk. Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The ongoing monitoring and management of this risk is an important component of our asset and liability management process, which is governed by policies established by the Bank’s Board of Directors that are reviewed and approved annually. The Board ALCO delegates responsibility for carrying out the asset/liability management policies to Management ALCO. In this capacity, Management ALCO develops guidelines and strategies impacting our asset/liability management-related activities based upon estimated market risk sensitivity, policy limits and overall market interest rate levels and trends. Board ALCO meets on a quarterly basis to review strategies, policies, economic conditions and various activities as part of the management of these risks.
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Certain of the Company's revenues are asset-based and determined as a percentage of the value of a client's assets under management. Such values are affected by changes in financial markets, such as interest rate risk, equity prices, and foreign exchange rates, and, accordingly, declines in the financial market may negatively impact its revenue. At December 31, 2021, client assets under management by Camden National Wealth Management were $1.1 billion. It is estimated that a 1% increase or decrease in client assets under management would have resulted in an annualized increase or decrease in reported 2021 income from fiduciary services of $72,000.
Interest Rate Risk. Interest rate risk represents the sensitivity of earnings to changes in market interest rates. As interest rates change, the interest income and expense streams associated with our financial instruments also change, thereby impacting net interest income, the primary component of our earnings. Board ALCO and Management ALCO utilize the results of a detailed and dynamic simulation model to quantify the estimated exposure of net interest income to sustained interest rate changes. While Board ALCO and Management ALCO routinely monitor simulated net interest income sensitivity over a rolling two-year horizon, they also utilize additional tools to monitor potential longer-term interest rate risk.
The simulation model captures the impact of changing interest rates on the interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our consolidated statements of condition, as well as for derivative financial instruments. This sensitivity analysis is compared to ALCO policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one- and two-year horizon, assuming no balance sheet growth, given a 200 basis point upward and downward shift in interest rates. Although our policy specifies a downward shift of 200 basis points, this would have resulted in negative rates as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 as many deposit and funding rates were below 2.00%. In this case, a downward shift of 100 basis points was the only down scenario performed. A parallel and pro rata shift in rates over a 12-month period is assumed. Using this approach, we are able to produce simulation results that illustrate the effect that both a gradual change of rates and a “rate shock” have on earnings expectations. In the down 100 and 200 basis points scenario, Federal Funds and Treasury yields are floored at 0.01% while Prime is floored at 3.00%. All other market rates are floored at the lesser of current levels or 0.25%.
As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, our net interest income sensitivity analysis reflected the following changes to net interest income assuming no balance sheet growth and a parallel shift in interest rates. All rate changes were “ramped” over the first 12-month period and then maintained at those levels over the remainder of the ALCO simulation horizon.
| Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As of December 31, | |||||||||
| Rate Change from Year 1 – Base | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||
| Year 1 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | 1.52 | % | 1.52 | % | (0.59) | % | |||
| -100 basis points | (0.67) | % | (0.67) | % | (0.44) | % | |||
| Year 2 | |||||||||
| +200 basis points | 7.72 | % | 7.72 | % | 3.96 | % | |||
| -100 basis points | (7.78) | % | (7.78) | % | (5.55) | % |
The preceding sensitivity analysis does not represent a forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits and reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, we cannot make any assurances as to the predictive nature of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
If rates remain at or near current levels, net interest income is projected to trend downward (assuming no balance sheet growth) as asset yields replace into lower assumed rates with limited opportunity for funding cost reductions. If rates decrease 100 basis points, net interest income is projected to decrease as loans reprice into lower yields and funding costs have limited capacity for reduction in the first year. In the second year, net interest income is projected to continue to decrease as loan and investment cash flow reprice into lower yields as prepayments increase while reduction in the cost of funds remains limited. If rates increase 200 basis points, net interest income is projected to increase in the first year due to the repricing of assets
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outpacing funding cost increases. In the second year, net interest income is projected to increase as loan and investment yields continue to reprice/reset into higher yields and the cost of funds lags.
Periodically, if deemed appropriate, we use interest rate swaps, floors and caps, which are common derivative financial instruments, to hedge our interest rate risk position. The Board of Directors has approved hedging policy statements governing the use of these instruments. As of December 31, 2021, we had interest rate swap agreements with a total notional of $43.0 million related to our junior subordinated debentures, $100.0 million of notional interest swap agreements on variable rate loans to mitigate exposure to falling interest rates, $50.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on variable rate deposits to mitigate exposure to rising rates, $50.0 million of notional interest rate swap agreements on short term funding to mitigate exposure to rising rates, and $345.5 million of notional interest rate swap agreements related to commercial loan level derivative program with both our commercial customers and a corresponding swap dealer. The Board and Management ALCO monitor derivative activities relative to their expectations and our hedging policies.
LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate for certain floating rate loans, deposits and borrowings, and off-balance sheet exposures of the Company. The administrator of LIBOR has announced that the publication of the most commonly used U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings will cease to be provided or will cease to be representative after June 30, 2023. The publication of all other LIBOR settings ceased to be provided or ceased to be representative as of December 31, 2021. As such, the Company has an internal project team that is focused on an orderly transition from LIBOR to alternative reference rates. The markets for alternative rates are developing. The Company will continue to assess the use of alternative rates, including SOFR, and expects to transition to alternative rates as the markets and best practices further develop. Refer to Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements.
Capital Risk. Capital risk is the risk that an investor may lose all or part of the principal amount invested. The Company faces this risk as it manages its balance sheet and has investments or loans that may lose all or part of the principal amount the Company has invested, which can have an impact on shareholders' equity. The Company also faces capital risk in that the entity may lose value on components of its shareholders' equity. The regulatory environment mandates the Company and Bank maintain certain levels of capital. These capital levels can change based upon regulatory changes, which can then impact what the Company is able to accomplish from a strategic perspective. For further discussion regarding capital risk and management of this risk, refer to “—Capital Resources” and Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements.
Operational Risk. Operational risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings and capital arising from fraud, error and the inability to deliver products or services, maintain a competitive position and manage information. Risk is inherent in efforts to gain strategic advantage and in the failure to keep pace with changes in the financial services marketplace. Operational risk is evident in each product and service offered by the Company and encompasses product development and delivery, transaction processing, systems development, change management, complexity of products and services, human resource elements and the internal control environment. The risk that transactions may not be processed on time or correctly can have significant impact on the Bank’s reputation, which can result in compliance violations and fines, and/or other financial risks.
The Company manages operational risk through a series of internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. These programs include various internal and external audit programs, internal committees to oversee compliance with programs and remedial actions, if necessary, and various documented policies, procedures and framework for addressing such risks.
Technology Risk, including Cybersecurity. Technology Risk is the risk of financial loss, disruption or damage to the reputation of an organization resulting from the failure of its information technology systems, weak computing infrastructure, or a breach of information technology systems. Technology and cybersecurity risk could materialize in a variety of ways, such as unpatched or vulnerable computing systems, deliberate and unauthorized breaches of security to gain access to information systems, unintentional or accidental breaches of security, operational information technology risks due to factors such as poor system integrity, weak computing infrastructure and/or a weak Cybersecurity protection program.
Poorly managed technology and cybersecurity risk can leave an institution exposed to a variety of cyber crimes, with consequences ranging from data disruption to economic destitution. Reputation risk due to a technology and/or cybersecurity event can be significant to overcome depending on the severity of the event.
The Company manages technology and cybersecurity risks through its internal programs, as well as through the assistance of third parties. These programs include various internal and external audit programs, internal committees to oversee compliance with programs and remedial actions, if necessary, and various documented policies, procedures and framework for addressing such risks. Additionally, the Board actively oversees risks related to cybersecurity through various committees that are responsible for developing a comprehensive technology plan and monitoring and testing the Company's information
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security. The Company has also developed a Cybersecurity Incident Response Team (“CSIRT”) that is responsible for monitoring, detecting, responding to and reporting cybersecurity incidents. The CSIRT uses a variety of monitoring and testing techniques to protect the integrity of the Company's systems and the security of confidential information.
Vendor and Third Party Risk. Vendor and third party risk represents the risk related to outsourced activities and in certain situations includes reliance on vendors to deliver services on our behalf. The Company has many service partners and an increasing reliance on outsourced services, which places greater risk on the Company through these many partners. These relationships are controlled by contracts and service level agreements, but represent increasing risk to the Company.
The Company manages vendor and third party risk through its vendor management program, which includes robust due diligence and risk assessment prior to engaging a new vendor, annual review of certain vendors dependent on the services provided by the vendor and the risk the vendor may present to the Company through our reliance on its services.
People and Compensation Risk. People and compensation risk includes: (1) the risk of employee dishonesty, incompetence or error; (2) the risk of not having individuals with adequate training and experience to properly discharge their responsibilities; (3) the risk of not having sufficient depth of personnel to provide back up for critical functions; (4) the risk of lawsuit by employees alleging improper actions by or on behalf of the Company; (5) succession planning; and (6) compensation risk, which includes having compensation plans that effectively allow the Company to hire and keep the right talent, and properly designed compensation and incentive programs to promote ethical behavior and assure that excessive risk is not encouraged.
The Company manages people and compensation risk through annual risk assessments of various compensation and incentive plans, oversight by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, the use of third party compensation consultants, and various insurance programs.
Compliance and Legal Risk. Compliance and legal risk is the current and prospective risk to earnings or capital arising from violations of, or nonconformance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, internal policies and procedures, or ethical standards. This risk exposes the Company to fines, civil money penalties, payment of damages, and the voiding of contracts. Compliance risk can lead to diminished reputation, reduced franchise value, limited business opportunities, reduced expansion potential, and an inability to enforce contracts. Legal risk exists in generally all activity of the Company where there is any possibility that the Company will become subject to liability for improper actions.
The Company manages compliance and legal risk through various internal and external audit programs, use of third parties for consulting and legal support, ongoing compliance risk assessments, the ERM Committee and various insurance programs.
Strategic Alignment Risk. Strategic alignment risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings or capital arising from adverse business decisions, improper implementation of decisions, or lack of responsiveness to industry changes. This risk is a function of the compatibility of the Company's strategic goals, the business strategies developed to achieve those goals, the resources deployed against these goals, and the quality of implementation.
Reputation Risk. Reputation risk is the current and prospective impact on earnings and capital arising from negative public opinion. The reputation of financial services companies can be based on brand and trust, and the loss of brand or trust can negatively impact the Company's operations and financial results. Reputation risk exposure is present throughout the organization and our interactions with our various stakeholders, including, but not limited to, our customers, communities and investors.
The Company manages its strategic alignment and reputation risk through various internal policies and programs, including, but not limited to, the Company's core values, code of ethics policy, financial code of ethics policy, Audit Committee complaint policy, employee handbook, and other policies and programs, as well as through strategic planning and oversight by the Board of Directors.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See “—Critical Accounting Policies” and Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the consolidated financial statements.