Acadian Asset Management Inc. (AAMI)

CIK: 0001748824. SIC: 6282 Investment Advice. Latest 10-K as of: 2026-02-27.

SIC breadcrumb: Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate > Security And Commodity Brokers, Dealers, Exchanges, And Services > SIC 6282 Investment Advice

SEC company page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=1748824. Latest filing source: 0001628280-26-012856.

Selected Fundamentals

Financials

Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-27. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001748824.json. Derived margins are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts.

Flow metrics use full-year FY periods from 10-K/10-K/A filings; balance-sheet metrics use FY-end instants. Missing metrics are omitted rather than fabricated.

Financial Charts

Quarterly

Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-05-07. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001748824.json.

Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived.

Quarterly Charts

Macro Cross-References

• CPIAUCSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average
• UNRATE - Unemployment Rate
• FEDFUNDS - Federal Funds Effective Rate
• CES0500000003 - Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private
• DFEDTARU - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
• DFEDTARL - Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit
• DGS3MO - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity
• DGS2 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS10 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity
• DGS30 - Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity
• T10Y2Y - 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity
• CPILFESL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy
• CPIUFDSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food
• CPIENGSL - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy
• CUSR0000SAH1 - Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter
• PCEPI - Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index
• PCEPILFE - Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index
• PPIACO - Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities
• T10YIE - 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate
• U6RATE - Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons
• PAYEMS - All Employees, Total Nonfarm
• CIVPART - Labor Force Participation Rate
• EMRATIO - Employment-Population Ratio
• UNEMPLOY - Unemployed
• CE16OV - Employment Level
• ICSA - Initial Claims
• JTSJOL - Job Openings: Total Nonfarm
• JTSQUR - Quits: Total Nonfarm
• GDPC1 - Real Gross Domestic Product
• A191RL1Q225SBEA - Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period
• INDPRO - Industrial Production: Total Index
• TCU - Capacity Utilization: Total Index
• HOUST - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units
• PERMIT - New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units
• RSAFS - Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade
• PCE - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• DSPIC96 - Real Disposable Personal Income
• PSAVERT - Personal Saving Rate
• M2SL - M2
• BOPGSTB - U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance
• MSPUS - Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States
• HSN1F - New One Family Houses Sold: United States
• RHORUSQ156N - Homeownership Rate in the United States
• TTLCONS - Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States
• RRVRUSQ156N - Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States
• TOTALSL - Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• REVOLSL - Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized
• DRCCLACBS - Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks
• GDP - Gross Domestic Product
• GPDI - Gross Private Domestic Investment
• GCE - Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment
• PCEC - Personal Consumption Expenditures
• NETEXP - Net Exports of Goods and Services
• GFDEBTN - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt
• GFDEGDQ188S - Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product
• FYFSD - Federal Surplus or Deficit
• FGRECPT - Federal Government Current Receipts
• FGEXPND - Federal Government: Current Expenditures
• MANEMP - All Employees, Manufacturing
• USCONS - All Employees, Construction
• USTRADE - All Employees, Retail Trade
• USFIRE - All Employees, Financial Activities
• USGOVT - All Employees, Government
• AWHAETP - Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private
• DGORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods
• NEWORDER - Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft
• BUSINV - Total Business Inventories
• EXPGS - Exports of Goods and Services
• IMPGS - Imports of Goods and Services
• IR - Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities
• PPIFIS - Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand

Latest quarter (10-Q)

Latest 10-Q source: 0001628280-26-031710.

Extracted between Part I Item 2 and the next Item 3/4 or Part II heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-05-07. Report date: 2026-03-31.

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the “Company”, “Acadian Asset Management”, “Acadian” or “AAMI” refer to Acadian Asset Management Inc., and references to “we,” “our” and “us” refer to AAMI and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to “Hold Co” refer to AAMI and its subsidiaries excluding Acadian Asset Management LLC (“Acadian LLC”). Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “OM plc” refer to Old Mutual plc, our former parent. None of the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitutes either an offer or a solicitation to buy or sell Acadian LLC’s products or services, nor is any such information a recommendation for Acadian LLC’s products or services.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes which appear in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in Item 1, Financial Statements.

This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this Item 2 for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results.

Our MD&A is presented in five sections:

•Overview provides a brief description of our business. It includes information on our reporting segment, a summary of The Economics of Our Business and an explanation of How We Measure Performance using a non-GAAP measure which we refer to as economic net income, or ENI. This section also provides a Summary Results of Operations and information regarding our Assets Under Management by strategy, client type and client location, and net flows by segment, client type and client location.

•U.S. GAAP Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 includes an explanation of changes in our U.S. GAAP revenue, expense and other items for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, as well as key U.S. GAAP operating metrics.

•Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure — Economic Net Income and Segment Analysis includes an explanation of the key differences between U.S. GAAP net income and ENI, the key measure management uses to evaluate our performance. This section also provides a reconciliation between U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests and ENI for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, as well as a reconciliation of key ENI operating items including ENI revenue and ENI operating expenses. This section also provides key non-GAAP operating metrics. In addition, this section provides segment analysis for our business segment.

•Capital Resources and Liquidity discusses our key balance sheet data. This section discusses Cash Flows from the business; Adjusted EBITDA; Future Capital Needs; Borrowings and Long-Term Debt; Other Compensation Liabilities. The discussion of Adjusted EBITDA includes an explanation of how we calculate Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests to Adjusted EBITDA.

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates provides a discussion of the key accounting policies and estimates that we believe are the most critical to an understanding of our results of operations and financial condition. These accounting policies and estimates require complex management judgment regarding matters that are highly uncertain at the time the policies were applied and estimates were made.

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Table of Contents

Overview

We are a holding company that operates a systematic investment management business through our majority owned subsidiary, Acadian LLC. Acadian LLC is a leading investment manager that offers institutional investors across the globe access to a diversified array of systematic investment strategies designed to meet a range of risk and return objectives. Notable product lines and capabilities include Emerging Equity, Non-U.S. Equity, Global Equity, Small Cap Equity, Enhanced Equity, Equity Extensions, Systematic Credit, and Alternatives. Acadian LLC comprises our Quant & Solutions reportable segment:

•Quant & Solutions—incorporates strategies that utilize advanced technology to collect and analyze data, aiming to identify mispriced assets and generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for investors; product lines and capabilities include Emerging Equity, Non-U.S. Equity, Global Equity, Small Cap Equity, Enhanced Equity, Equity Extensions, Systematic Credit, and Alternatives. This segment consists of our ownership interest in Acadian LLC.

Hold Co is included within the Unallocated Corporate expenses category.

Under U.S. GAAP, Acadian LLC is consolidated into our financial statements. We may also be required to consolidate Acadian LLC’s sponsored investment entities, or Funds, due to the nature of our decision-making rights, our economic interests in these Funds or the rights of third-party clients in those Funds.

    The Economics of Our Business

Our profitability is affected by a variety of factors including the level and composition of our average assets under management, or AUM, fee rates charged on AUM and our expense structure. We earn management fees based on assets under management. The majority of our management fees are calculated based on average AUM (calculated on either a daily or monthly basis) with the remainder of our management fees calculated based on period-end AUM. Changes in the levels of our AUM are driven by market investment performance and net client cash flows. We may also earn performance fees when certain accounts differ in relation to relevant benchmarks or exceed required returns. As of March 31, 2026, approximately $22 billion, or 11%, of our AUM was in accounts with incentive fee features in which we participate in the performance fee. The majority of these performance fees are calculated based on value added over the relevant benchmarks on a rolling one-year basis.

Our largest expense item is compensation and benefits paid to our employees, which consists of both fixed and variable components. Fixed compensation and benefits represents base salaries and wages, payroll taxes and the costs of our employee benefit programs. Variable compensation is comprised of variable compensation at both Hold Co and Acadian LLC. Hold Co variable compensation includes discretionary annual bonuses and may be paid in the form of cash or AAMI equity. Acadian LLC variable compensation, calculated as described below, may be awarded in cash, equity, or profit interests.

The arrangement in place with Acadian LLC results in the sharing of economics between us and key management personnel using a profit-sharing model. Profit sharing affects two elements within our earnings: (i) the calculation of variable compensation and (ii) the level of Acadian LLC’s equity or profit interests distribution to its employees.

Variable compensation includes the portion of earnings that is contractually allocated to Acadian LLC employees as a bonus pool, typically representing a percentage of earnings before variable compensation, which is measured as revenues less fixed compensation and benefits and other operating and administrative expenses. Profits after variable compensation are shared between us and Acadian LLC key employee equity holders according to our respective equity or profit interests ownership. The sharing of profits in this manner ensures that the economic interests of Acadian LLC key employees and ours are aligned, both in terms of generating strong annual earnings as well as investing those earnings back into the business in order to generate growth over the long term. We view profit sharing as an attractive operating model, as it allows us to share in the benefits of operating leverage as the business grows, and ensures all equity and profit interests holders are incentivized to achieve that growth.

27

Table of Contents

Equity or profit interests owned by Acadian LLC key employees are awarded as part of their variable compensation arrangement. Over time, Acadian LLC key employee-owned equity or profit interests are recycled from one generation of employee-owners to the next, either by the next generation purchasing equity or profit interests directly from retiring principals, or by key employees forgoing cash bonuses in exchange for the equivalent value in Acadian LLC equity or profit interests. The recycling of equity or profit interests is often facilitated by Hold Co; see “U.S. GAAP Results of Operations — U.S. GAAP Expenses — Compensation and Benefits Expense” for a further discussion. Employee equity is valued at a fixed multiple of profits, so employees have transparency into both their earning potential in any year from the bonus pool and share of profits, as well as the current value of their equity and the long-term potential to realize value from its growth.

In this structure, key employees who are managing the business have incentives to manage for profit, but also to manage the business prudently, in the interest of their clients, and invest for growth, since they will benefit over the long term as both employees and equity holders. In this way, key employees are aligned with the public stockholders to generate profits and growth over time.

How We Measure Performance

We manage our business based on one segment, reflecting how our management assesses the performance of our business.

In measuring and monitoring the key components of our earnings, our management uses a non-GAAP financial measure, ENI, to evaluate the financial performance of, and to make operational decisions for, our business. We also use ENI to make resource allocation decisions, determine appropriate levels of investment or dividend payout, manage balance sheet leverage, determine variable compensation and Acadian LLC equity distributions, and incentivize management. It is an important measure in evaluating our financial performance because we believe it most accurately represents our operating performance and cash generation capability.

ENI differs from net income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a result of both the reclassification of certain income statement items and the exclusion of certain non-cash or non-recurring income statement items. In particular, ENI excludes non-cash charges representing the changes in the value of Acadian LLC equity and profit interests held by key employees, the results of discontinued operations which are no longer part of our business, restructuring costs, capital transaction costs, seed capital and co-investment gains, losses and related financing costs and that portion of consolidated Funds which are not attributable to our stockholders.

ENI revenue is primarily comprised of the fee revenues paid to us by our clients for our advisory services. Revenue included within ENI differs from U.S. GAAP revenue in that it excludes amounts from consolidated Funds which are not attributable to our stockholders.

ENI expenses are calculated to reflect all usual expenses from ongoing continuing operations attributable to our stockholders. Expenses included within ENI differ from U.S. GAAP expenses in that they exclude amounts from consolidated Funds which are not attributable to our stockholders, revaluations of Acadian LLC key employee owned

[Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.]

Latest 10-K MD&A

Extracted between Item 7 and the next Item 7A/8 heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high. Filing date: 2026-02-27. Report date: 2025-12-31.

Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the “Company”, “Acadian Asset Management”, “Acadian” or “AAMI” refer to Acadian Asset Management Inc., and references to “we,” “our” and “us” refer to AAMI and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to Hold Co refer to AAMI and its subsidiaries excluding Acadian Asset Management LLC (“Acadian LLC”). Unless we state otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “OM plc” refer to Old Mutual plc, our former parent. None of the information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitutes either an offer or a solicitation to buy or sell Acadian LLC’s products or services, nor is any such information a recommendation for Acadian LLC’s products or services.

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes which appear in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Forward-Looking Statements” for more information. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is designed to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results.

Our MD&A is presented in five sections:

•Overview provides a brief description of our business. It includes information on our reporting segment, a summary of The Economics of Our Business and an explanation of How We Measure Performance using a non-GAAP measure which we refer to as economic net income, or ENI. This section also provides a Summary Results of Operations and information regarding our Assets Under Management by strategy, client type and client location, and net flows by segment, client type and client location.

•U.S. GAAP Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 includes an explanation of changes in our U.S. GAAP revenue, expense and other items over the last three years as well as key U.S. GAAP operating metrics.

•Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure—Economic Net Income and Segment Analysis includes an explanation of the key differences between U.S. GAAP net income and ENI, the key measure management uses to evaluate our performance. This section also provides a reconciliation between U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests and ENI for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, as well as a reconciliation of key ENI operating items including ENI revenue and ENI operating expenses. This section also provides key non-GAAP operating metrics. In addition, this section provides segment analysis for our business segment.

•Capital Resources and Liquidity discusses our key balance sheet data. This section discusses Cash Flows from the business; Working Capital and Long-Term Debt; Borrowings and Debt; Other Compensation Liabilities; Adjusted EBITDA; Future Capital Needs; and Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Obligations. The discussion of Adjusted EBITDA includes an explanation of how we calculate Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests to Adjusted EBITDA.

33

•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates provides a discussion of the key accounting policies and estimates that we believe are the most critical to an understanding of our results of operations and financial condition. These accounting policies and estimates require complex management judgment regarding matters that are highly uncertain at the time the policies were applied and estimates were made.

Overview

We are a holding company that operates a systematic investment management business through our majority owned subsidiary, Acadian LLC. Acadian LLC offers institutional investors across the globe access to a diversified array of systematic investment strategies designed to meet a range of risk and return objectives. Acadian LLC is a leading systematic investment manager of active equity products. Notable product lines and capabilities include Emerging Equity, Non-U.S. Equity, Global Equity, Small Cap Equity, Enhanced Equity, Equity Extensions, Systematic Credit, and Alternatives. Acadian LLC comprises our Quant & Solutions reportable segment:

•Quant & Solutions—incorporates strategies that utilize advanced technology to collect and analyze data, aiming to identify mispriced assets and generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for investors; portfolios include Emerging Equity, Non-U.S. Equity, Global Equity, Small Cap Equity, Enhanced Equity, Equity Extensions, and Systematic Credit. This segment consists of our ownership interest in Acadian LLC.

Hold Co is included within the Unallocated Corporate expenses category.

Under U.S. GAAP, Acadian LLC is consolidated into our financial statements. We may also be required to consolidate Acadian LLC’s sponsored investment entities, or Funds, due to the nature of our decision-making rights, our economic interests in these Funds or the rights of third-party clients in those Funds.

34

The Economics of Our Business

Our profitability is affected by a variety of factors including the level and composition of our average assets under management, or AUM, fee rates charged on AUM and our expense structure. We earn management fees based on assets under management. The majority of our management fees are calculated based on average AUM (calculated on either a daily or monthly basis) with the remainder of our management fees calculated based on period-end AUM. Changes in the levels of our AUM are driven by market investment performance and net client cash flows. We may also earn performance fees when certain accounts differ in relation to relevant benchmarks or exceed required returns. As of December 31, 2025, approximately $23 billion, or 13%, of our AUM was in accounts with incentive fee features in which we participate in the performance fee. The majority of these performance fees are calculated based on value added over the relevant benchmarks on a rolling one-year basis.

Our largest expense item is compensation and benefits paid to our employees, which consists of both fixed and variable components. Fixed compensation and benefits represents base salaries and wages, payroll taxes and the costs of our employee benefit programs. Variable compensation is comprised of variable compensation at both Hold Co and Acadian LLC. Hold Co variable compensation includes discretionary annual bonuses and may be paid in the form of cash or AAMI equity. Acadian LLC variable compensation, calculated as described below, may be awarded in cash, equity, or profit interests.

The arrangement in place with Acadian LLC results in the sharing of economics between us and key management personnel using a profit-sharing model. Profit sharing affects two elements within our earnings: (i) the calculation of variable compensation and (ii) the level of Acadian LLC’s equity or profit interests distribution to its employees.

Variable compensation includes the portion of earnings that is contractually allocated to Acadian LLC employees as a bonus pool, typically representing a percentage of earnings before variable compensation, which is measured as revenues less fixed compensation and benefits and other operating and administrative expenses. Profits after variable compensation are shared between us and Acadian LLC key employee equity holders according to our respective equity or profit interests ownership. The sharing of profits in this manner ensures that the economic interests of Acadian LLC key employees and ours are aligned, both in terms of generating strong annual earnings as well as investing those earnings back into the business in order to generate growth over the long term. We view profit sharing as an attractive operating model, as it allows us to share in the benefits of operating leverage as the business grows, and ensures all equity and profit interests holders are incentivized to achieve that growth.

Equity or profit interests owned by Acadian LLC key employees are awarded as part of their variable compensation arrangement. Over time, Acadian LLC key employee-owned equity or profit interests are recycled from one generation of employee-owners to the next, either by the next generation purchasing equity or profit interests directly from retiring principals, or by key employees forgoing cash bonuses in exchange for the equivalent value in Acadian LLC equity or profit interests. The recycling of equity or profit interests is often facilitated by Hold Co; see “—U.S. GAAP Results of Operations—U.S. GAAP Expenses—Compensation and Benefits Expense” for a further discussion. Employee equity is valued at a fixed multiple of profits, so employees have transparency into both their earning potential in any year from the bonus pool and share of profits, as well as the current value of their equity and the long-term potential to realize value from its growth.

In this structure, key employees who are managing the business have incentives to manage for profit, but also to manage the business prudently, in the interest of their clients, and invest for growth, since they will benefit over the long term as both employees and equity holders. In this way, key employees are aligned with the public stockholders to generate profits and growth over time.

35

How We Measure Performance

We manage our business based on one segment, reflecting how our management assesses the performance of our business.

In measuring and monitoring the key components of our earnings, our management uses a non-GAAP financial measure, ENI, to evaluate the financial performance of, and to make operational decisions for, our business. We also use ENI to make resource allocation decisions, determine appropriate levels of investment or dividend payout, manage balance sheet leverage, determine variable compensation and Acadian LLC equity distributions, and incentivize management. It is an important measure in evaluating our financial performance because we believe it most accurately represents our operating performance and cash generation capability.

ENI differs from net income determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP as a result of both the reclassification of certain income statement items and the exclusion of certain non-cash or non-recurring income statement items. In particular, ENI excludes non-cash charges representing the changes in the value of Acadian LLC equity and profit interests held by key employees, the results of discontinued operations which are no longer part of our business, restructuring costs, capital transaction costs, seed capital and co-investment gains, losses and related financing costs and that portion of consolidated Funds which are not attributable to our stockholders.

ENI revenue is primarily comprised of the fee revenues paid to us by our clients for our advisory services. Revenue included within ENI differs from U.S. GAAP revenue in that it excludes amounts from consolidated Funds which are not attributable to our stockholders.

ENI expenses are calculated to reflect all usual expenses from ongoing continuing operations attributable to our stockholders. Expenses included within ENI differ from U.S. GAAP expenses in that they exclude amounts from consolidated Funds which are not attributable to our stockholders, revaluations of Acadian LLC key employee owned equity and profit interests, amortization and impairment of acquired intangibles and other acquisition-related items, and certain other non-cash expenses.

“Non-controlling interests” is a concept under U.S. GAAP that identifies net components of revenues and expenses that are not attributable to our stockholders. For example, the portion of the net income (loss) of any consolidated Fund that is attributable to the outside investors or clients of the consolidated Fund is included in “Non-controlling interests” in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Conversely, “controlling interests” is the portion of revenue or expense that is attributable to our stockholders.

For a more detailed discussion of the differences between U.S. GAAP net income and economic net income, see “—Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure — Economic Net Income and Segment Analysis.”

36

Summary Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

Increase (Decrease)

($ in millions, unless otherwise noted)

2025

2024

2023

2025 vs. 2024

2024 vs. 2023

U.S. GAAP Basis

Revenue

$

563.7 

$

505.6 

$

426.6 

$

58.1 

$

79.0 

Pre-tax income attributable to controlling interests

116.6 

123.9 

95.2 

(7.3)

28.7 

Net income attributable to controlling interests

80.0 

85.0 

65.8 

(5.0)

19.2 

U.S. GAAP operating margin(1)

23 

%

27 

%

25 

%

(337) bps

195 bps

Earnings per share, basic ($)

$

2.21 

$

2.25 

$

1.59 

$

(0.04)

$

0.66 

Earnings per share, diluted ($)

2.21 

2.22 

1.55 

$

(0.01)

$

0.67 

Basic shares outstanding (in millions)

36.2 

37.8 

41.5 

(1.6)

(3.7)

Diluted shares outstanding (in millions)

36.2 

38.3 

42.5 

(2.1)

(4.2)

Economic Net Income Basis(2)(3)

(Non-GAAP measure used by management)

ENI revenue(4)

$

549.1 

$

502.5 

$

423.6 

$

46.6 

$

78.9 

Pre-tax economic net income(5)

163.7 

146.2 

103.4 

17.5 

42.8 

Adjusted EBITDA

$

192.9 

$

177.1 

$

133.8 

$

15.8 

$

43.3 

ENI operating margin(6)

35 

%

33 

%

28 

%

207 bps

499 bps

Economic net income(7)

117.6 

105.8 

75.7 

11.8 

30.1 

ENI diluted EPS ($)

$

3.25 

$

2.76 

$

1.78 

$

0.49 

$

0.98 

Other Operational Information

Assets under management (AUM) (in billions)

$

177.5 

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

$

60.2 

$

13.6 

Net client cash flows (in billions)

29.4 

1.8 

(2.3)

27.6 

4.1 

(1)U.S. GAAP operating margin equals operating income divided by total revenue.

(2)Economic net income is a non-GAAP measure we use to evaluate the performance of our business. For a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP financial information and a further discussion of economic net income refer to “Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure — Economic Net Income and Segment Analysis.”

(3)Excludes severance-related items of $(1.0) million for the year ended December 31, 2025. Excludes severance-related items of $(1.0) million, costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent of $1.3 million, and costs associated with the wind-down of the Multi-Asset Class Strategy, or “MACS” business in the standalone format of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Excludes severance costs of $7.3 million, legal-related restructuring costs at the Hold Co of $0.9 million and costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(4)ENI revenue is the ENI measure which corresponds to U.S. GAAP revenue.

(5)Pre-tax economic net income is the ENI measure which corresponds to U.S. GAAP pre-tax income attributable to controlling interests.

(6)ENI operating margin is a non-GAAP efficiency measure, calculated based on ENI operating earnings divided by ENI revenue. ENI operating earnings is calculated as ENI revenue, less ENI operating expense, less ENI variable compensation. The ENI operating margin is most directly comparable to our U.S. GAAP operating margin (excluding the effect of consolidated Funds).

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(7)Economic net income is the non-GAAP measure which is most directly comparable to U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests.

Assets Under Management

In the first quarter of 2025, we changed the presentation of our AUM. The new presentation reflects better alignment of our view on the business and distribution channels. We made certain reclassifications between strategies, client type and client location groupings to better reflect the underlying AUM. In the AUM tables below, all periods have been reclassified to conform to the new presentation.

Our total assets under management were $177.5 billion, $117.3 billion and $103.7 billion as of December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table presents our assets under management by strategy as of each of the dates indicated:

($ in billions)

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

AUM

% of total

AUM

% of total

AUM

% of total

Enhanced Equity

40.0 

22.5 

%

10.8 

9.2 

%

4.4

4.2 

%

Non-U.S. Equity

38.4 

21.6 

%

$

26.6 

22.7 

%

$

24.6 

23.7 

%

Small Cap Equity

32.8 

18.5 

%

25.0 

21.3 

%

21.9 

21.1 

%

Global Equity

22.9 

12.9 

%

19.0 

16.2 

%

14.5 

14.0 

%

Emerging Markets Equity

26.0 

14.7 

%

18.1 

15.4 

%

16.7 

16.1 

%

Other

17.4 

9.8 

%

17.8 

15.2 

%

21.6 

20.9 

%

Total assets under management

177.5 

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

The following table shows assets under management by client type as of each of the dates indicated:

($ in billions)

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

AUM

% of total

AUM

% of total

AUM

% of total

Institutional

$

144.5 

81.4 

%

$

93.0 

79.3 

%

$

81.7 

78.8 

%

Sub-advisory

16.8 

9.5 

%

13.1 

11.2 

%

13.6 

13.1 

%

Wealth/Other

16.2 

9.1 

%

11.2 

9.5 

%

8.4 

8.1 

%

Total assets under management

$

177.5 

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

The following table shows assets under management by client location as of each of the dates indicated:

($ in billions)

December 31, 2025

December 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

AUM

% of total

AUM

% of total

AUM

% of total

U.S.

$

99.5 

56.1 

%

$

74.7 

63.7 

%

$

70.2 

67.7 

%

EMEA

37.7 

21.2 

%

16.9 

14.4 

%

16.5 

15.9 

%

Asia Pacific

31.2 

17.6 

%

18.8 

16.0 

%

11.2 

10.8 

%

Other

9.1 

5.1 

%

6.9 

5.9 

%

5.8 

5.6 

%

Total assets under management

$

177.5 

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

AUM flows

Net client cash flows for all periods include reinvested income and distributions. Reinvested income and distributions represent investment yield that is reinvested back into the portfolios as opposed to distributed as cash.

38

The following table summarizes our asset flows and market appreciation by segment for each of the periods indicated:

($ in billions, unless otherwise noted)

Years ended December 31,

2025

2024

2023

Quant & Solutions

Beginning balance

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

$

93.6 

Gross inflows

55.0 

21.2 

9.3 

Gross outflows

(29.2)

(22.7)

(15.2)

Reinvested income and distributions

3.6 

3.3 

3.6 

Net flows

29.4 

1.8 

(2.3)

Market appreciation (depreciation)

30.8 

11.8 

12.4 

Ending balance

$

177.5 

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

Average AUM

$

144.3 

$

112.3 

$

98.4 

We also analyze our asset flows by client type and client location. Our client types include:

i.Institutional, which includes assets managed for public/government pension funds and other investments, including U.S. state and local government funds and non-U.S. sovereign wealth, local government and national investments; also includes corporate and union-sponsored pension plans; and other investments

ii.Sub-advisory, which includes assets managed for third-party mutual funds sponsored by platforms in the U.S. or abroad, where the end client is typically retail;

iii.Wealth/other, which includes assets managed for registered investment advisor clients, private banks, high-net-worth clients, and family offices, defined contribution clients on certain platforms, mutual funds directly sponsored by Acadian LLC, and other assets.

39

The following table summarizes our asset flows by client type for each of the periods indicated:

($ in billions)

Years ended December 31,

2025

2024

2023

Institutional

Beginning balance

$

93.0 

$

81.7 

$

74.9 

Gross inflows

46.0 

15.0 

5.2 

Gross outflows

(21.5)

(15.5)

(11.1)

Reinvested income and distributions

2.8 

2.5 

2.8 

Net flows

27.3 

2.0 

(3.1)

Market appreciation (depreciation)

24.2 

9.3 

9.9 

Ending balance

$

144.5 

$

93.0 

$

81.7 

Sub-advisory

Beginning balance

$

13.1 

$

13.6 

$

11.8 

Gross inflows

5.3 

3.0 

2.2 

Gross outflows

(5.4)

(5.1)

(1.9)

Reinvested income and distributions

0.4 

0.4 

0.5 

Net flows

0.3 

(1.7)

0.8 

Market appreciation (depreciation)

3.4 

1.2 

1.0 

Ending balance

$

16.8 

$

13.1 

$

13.6 

Wealth / Other

Beginning balance

$

11.2 

$

8.4 

$

6.9 

Gross inflows

3.7 

3.2 

1.9 

Gross outflows

(2.3)

(2.1)

(2.2)

Reinvested income and distributions

0.4 

0.4 

0.3 

Net flows

1.8 

1.5 

— 

Market appreciation (depreciation)

3.2 

1.3 

1.5 

Ending balance

$

16.2 

$

11.2 

$

8.4 

Total

Beginning balance

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

$

93.6 

Gross inflows

55.0 

21.2 

9.3 

Gross outflows

(29.2)

(22.7)

(15.2)

Reinvested income and distributions

3.6 

3.3 

3.6 

Net flows

29.4 

1.8 

(2.3)

Market appreciation (depreciation)

30.8 

11.8 

12.4 

Ending balance

$

177.5 

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

40

Our categorization of assets under management by client location includes:

i.U.S.-based clients, where the contracting client is based in the United States, and

ii.Non-U.S.-based clients, where the contracting client is based outside the United States.

The following table summarizes asset flows by client location for each of the periods indicated:

($ in billions)

Years ended December 31,

2025

2024

2023

U.S.

Beginning balance

$

74.7 

$

70.2 

$

62.7 

Gross inflows

19.3 

8.8 

5.6 

Gross outflows

(16.6)

(13.9)

(9.7)

Reinvested income and distributions

2.2 

2.2 

2.4 

Net flows

4.9 

(2.9)

(1.7)

Market appreciation (depreciation)

19.9 

7.4 

9.2 

Ending balance

$

99.5 

$

74.7 

$

70.2 

Non-U.S.

Beginning balance

$

42.6 

$

33.5 

$

30.9 

Gross inflows

35.7 

12.4 

3.7 

Gross outflows

(12.6)

(8.8)

(5.5)

Reinvested income and distributions

1.4 

1.1 

1.2 

Net flows

24.5 

4.7 

(0.6)

Market appreciation (depreciation)

10.9 

4.4 

3.2 

Ending balance

$

78.0 

$

42.6 

$

33.5 

Total

Beginning balance

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

$

93.6 

Gross inflows

55.0 

21.2 

9.3 

Gross outflows

(29.2)

(22.7)

(15.2)

Reinvested income and distributions

3.6 

3.3 

3.6 

Net flows

29.4 

1.8 

(2.3)

Market appreciation (depreciation)

30.8 

11.8 

12.4 

Ending balance

$

177.5 

$

117.3 

$

103.7 

At December 31, 2025, our total assets under management were $177.5 billion, an increase of $60.2 billion or 51.3%, compared to $117.3 billion at December 31, 2024. The assets under management at December 31, 2024 represented an increase of $13.6 billion or 13.1% compared to $103.7 billion at December 31, 2023. The change in assets under management during the year ended December 31, 2025 reflects net market appreciation of $30.8 billion and net flows of $29.4 billion, including reinvested income and distributions of $3.6 billion. The change in assets under management during the year ended December 31, 2024 reflects net market appreciation of $11.8 billion and net flows of $1.8 billion, including reinvested income and distributions of $3.3 billion. The change in assets under management during the year ended December 31, 2023 reflects net market appreciation of $12.4 billion and net flows of $(2.3) billion, including reinvested income and distributions of $3.6 billion. Market appreciation or depreciation reported in current and prior periods includes changes in equity prices, as well as the impact from exchange rate fluctuations on our foreign denominated AUM. Given a substantial portion of our AUM is denominated in foreign currencies, foreign exchange rate movements during the period can impact AUM when the strength of the U.S. dollar changes relative to other currencies.

41

For the year ended December 31, 2025, our net inflows were highest in company history at $29.4 billion compared to net inflows of $1.8 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 and net outflows of $(2.3) billion for the year ended December 31, 2023. The change in net flows for the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily driven by strong gross inflows, which increased to $55.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2025. The change in net flows for the year ended December 31, 2024 was primarily driven by gross sales, which increased to $21.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024. The change in net flows for the year ended December 31, 2023 was primarily due to lower outflows in certain strategies, partly as a result of client-driven asset re-allocations. Reinvested income and distributions of $3.6 billion, $3.3 billion, and $3.6 billion are reflected in the net flows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

42

U.S. GAAP Results of Operations

For the Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

Our U.S. GAAP results of operations were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Years ended December 31,

Increase (Decrease)

($ in millions unless otherwise noted)

2025

2024

2023

2025 vs. 2024

2024 vs. 2023

U.S. GAAP Consolidated Statements of Operations(1)

Management fees

$

517.7 

$

431.1 

$

373.2 

$

86.6 

$

57.9 

Performance fees

31.4 

71.4 

50.4 

(40.0)

21.0 

Consolidated Funds’ revenue

14.6 

3.1 

3.0 

11.5 

0.1 

Total revenue

563.7 

505.6 

426.6 

58.1 

79.0 

Compensation and benefits

313.9 

265.5 

217.9 

48.4 

47.6 

General and administrative expense

92.0 

85.2 

82.6 

6.8 

2.6 

Depreciation and amortization

16.6 

18.5 

17.3 

(1.9)

1.2 

Consolidated Funds’ expense

9.1 

0.9 

2.8 

8.2 

(1.9)

Total operating expenses

431.6 

370.1 

320.6 

61.5 

49.5 

Operating income

132.1 

135.5 

106.0 

(3.4)

29.5 

Investment income (loss)

(0.1)

2.2 

(0.1)

(2.3)

2.3 

Interest income

3.7 

3.5 

6.1 

0.2 

(2.6)

Interest expense

(21.7)

(19.4)

(19.6)

(2.3)

0.2 

Loss on extinguishment of debt

(1.4)

— 

— 

(1.4)

— 

Net consolidated Funds’ investment gains (losses)

30.6 

3.9 

4.1 

26.7 

(0.2)

Income before taxes

143.2 

125.7 

96.5 

17.5 

29.2 

Income tax expense

36.6 

38.9 

29.4 

(2.3)

9.5 

Net income

106.6 

86.8 

67.1 

19.8 

19.7 

Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds

26.6 

1.8 

1.3 

24.8 

0.5 

Net income attributable to controlling interests

$

80.0 

$

85.0 

$

65.8 

$

(5.0)

$

19.2 

Basic earnings per share ($)

$

2.21 

$

2.25 

$

1.59 

$

(0.04)

$

0.66 

Diluted earnings per share ($)

2.21 

2.22 

1.55 

(0.01)

0.67 

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—basic

36.2 

37.8 

41.5 

(1.6)

(3.7)

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—diluted

36.2 

38.3 

42.5 

(2.1)

(4.2)

U.S. GAAP operating margin (2)

23 

%

27 

%

25 

%

(337) bps

195 bps

(1)Certain Funds have been consolidated due to our seed capital investments in the Funds.

(2)U.S. GAAP operating margin equals operating income divided by total revenue.

43

The following table reconciles our net income attributable to controlling interests to our pre-tax income attributable to controlling interests:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

U.S. GAAP Consolidated Statements of Operations

Net income attributable to controlling interests

$

80.0 

$

85.0 

$

65.8 

Add: Income tax expense

36.6 

38.9 

29.4 

Pre-tax income attributable to controlling interests

$

116.6 

$

123.9 

$

95.2 

U.S. GAAP Revenues

Our U.S. GAAP revenues principally consist of:

i.management fees earned based on our overall weighted average fee rate charged to our clients and the level of assets under management;

ii.performance fees earned when our investment performance over agreed time periods for certain clients has differed from predetermined hurdles; and

iii.revenue from consolidated Funds, a portion of which is attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds.

Management Fees

Our management fees are a function of the fee rates charged to our clients, which are typically expressed in basis points, and the levels of our assets under management. Our effective management fee rate will vary from period to period based on several factors, including changes in the mix of assets under management caused by market movements and client flows.

Average basis points earned on average assets under management were 35.9 bps for the year ended December 31, 2025, 38.4 bps for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 37.9 bps for the year ended December 31, 2023. The greatest driver of increases or decreases in the average fee rate are changes in the mix of our assets under management caused by net inflows or outflows in certain asset classes, and disproportionate market movements.

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:    Management fees increased $86.6 million, or 20.1%, from $431.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $517.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The increase was mainly driven by higher levels of average assets under management, partly offset by a lower blended fee rate on assets under management due to the change in asset mix in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Average assets under management increased 28.5%, from $112.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $144.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2025, driven by both record net flows and positive equity market in the year ended December 31, 2025. Net flows were mainly driven by gross sales in the lower fee Enhanced strategy. The change in overall blended fee rate was primarily due to the Enhanced strategy, as total Enhanced AUM increased 13% to 23% at the end of 2025.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    Management fees increased $57.9 million, or 15.5%, from $373.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $431.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was mainly driven by higher levels of average assets under management and an improvement in blended average basis points on assets under management, due to fee rates on inflows being higher than fee rates on outflows in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Average assets under management increase 14.1%, from $98.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $112.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, mainly due to the positive equity market in the year ended December 31, 2024.

44

Performance Fees

Approximately $23 billion, or 13% of our AUM at December 31, 2025, were in accounts with performance fee features in which we participate. Performance fees are typically shared with key employees through various contractual compensation and profit-sharing arrangements.

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:    Performance fees decreased $(40.0) million, or (56.0)%, from $71.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $31.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily due to a change in performance relative to benchmarks in certain strategies. Performance fees are variable and are contractually triggered based on investment performance results over agreed upon time periods.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    Performance fees increased $21.0 million, or 41.7%, from $50.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $71.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to strong performance relative to benchmarks in certain strategies. Performance fees are variable and are contractually triggered based on investment performance results over agreed upon time periods.

U.S. GAAP Expenses

Our U.S. GAAP expenses principally consist of:

i.compensation paid to our investment professionals and other employees, including base salary, benefits, sales-based compensation, variable compensation, Acadian LLC key employee distributions, and revaluation of key employee-owned Acadian LLC equity and profit interests;

ii.general and administrative expenses;

iii.depreciation and amortization charges; and

iv.expenses of consolidated Funds, a portion of which is attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests in consolidated Funds.

Compensation and Benefits Expense

Our most significant category of expense is compensation and benefits awarded to our employees. The following table presents the components of U.S. GAAP compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Fixed compensation and benefits(1)

$

102.1 

$

97.8 

$

93.1 

Sales-based compensation(2)

17.0 

12.1 

7.6 

Variable compensation(3)

125.7 

122.7 

112.2 

Acadian LLC key employee distributions(4)

21.4 

9.7 

5.1 

Non-cash Acadian LLC key employee equity revaluations(5)

47.7 

23.2 

(0.1)

Total U.S. GAAP compensation and benefits expense

$

313.9 

$

265.5 

$

217.9 

(1)Fixed compensation and benefits includes base salaries, payroll taxes and the cost of benefit programs provided.

45

(2)Sales-based compensation is paid to our sales and distribution teams and represents compensation earned by our sales professionals, paid over a multi-year period, related to revenue earned on new sales. Its variability is based upon the structure of sales-based compensation due on inflows of assets under management and market-based movement in both current and prior periods.

(3)Variable compensation includes the portion of earnings that is contractually allocated to Acadian LLC employees as a bonus pool, plus Hold Co bonuses. Variable compensation may be paid in the form of cash or non-cash equity or profit interests awards. We have a contractual split of performance fees between Acadian LLC employees and AAMI. Acadian LLC’s share of performance fees, which ranges between 60%-75% of the total, is allocated entirely to variable compensation. The variable compensation earned on performance fees vests over three-years and compensation expense is recognized over that service period. Hold Co variable compensation includes cash and our equity. Equity-based compensation awards typically vest over several years and are recognized as compensation expense over that service period.

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Cash variable compensation

$

119.8 

$

115.8 

$

105.9 

Amortization of equity-based awards

5.9 

6.9 

6.3 

Total variable compensation(a)

$

125.7 

$

122.7 

$

112.2 

(a)For the year ended December 31, 2025, $126.7 million of variable compensation expense (of the $125.7 million above) is included within economic net income, which excludes the variable compensation associated with restructuring of $(1.0) million. For the year ended December 31, 2024, $122.8 million of variable compensation expense (of the $122.7 million above) is included within economic net income, which excludes the variable compensation associated with restructuring of $(1.0) million and costs associated with the wind-down of the MACS business in the standalone format of $0.9 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, $104.9 million of variable compensation expense (of the $112.2 million above) is included within economic net income, which excludes the variable compensation associated with restructuring of $7.3 million.

(4)Acadian LLC key employee distributions represent the share of Acadian LLC profits after variable compensation that is attributable to key employee equity and profit interests holders, according to their ownership interests. Acadian LLC key employee distribution ratio is calculated as Acadian LLC key employee distributions divided by ENI operating earnings. Within Acadian LLC we have a tiered equity structure, where AAMI and other classes of employee equity holders are entitled to an initial proportionate preference over profits after variable compensation, structured such that before a preference threshold is reached, there would be no required key employee distributions to the tiered equity holders, whereas for profits above the threshold, the key employee distribution amount to the tiered equity holders would be calculated based on the tiered key employee ownership percentages.

(5)Non-cash Acadian LLC key employee equity revaluations represent changes in the value of Acadian LLC equity and profit interests held by key employees. These ownership interests may in certain circumstances be repurchased by Hold Co at a value based on a pre-determined fixed multiple of twelve-month earnings and as such a liability is carried on our balance sheet based on the expected cash to be paid. However, any equity or profit interests repurchased by Hold Co can be used to fund a portion of future variable compensation awards, resulting in savings in cash variable compensation that offset the negative cash effect of repurchasing the equity. The Acadian LLC equity and profit interest plans have been designed to ensure Hold Co is not required to repurchase more equity than we can reasonably recycle through variable compensation awards in any given twelve-month period.

46

Fluctuations in compensation and benefits expense for the periods presented are discussed below.

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024: Compensation and benefits expense increased $48.4 million, or 18.2%, from $265.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $313.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. Fixed compensation and benefits increased $4.3 million, or 4.4%, from $97.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $102.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily reflecting cost of living increases and an increase in the cost of employee benefits. Variable compensation increased $3.0 million, or 2.4%, from $122.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $125.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to higher pre-bonus profits in the year ended December 31, 2025, partially offset by lower deferred bonus earned on performance fee revenues in the current year. The deferred nature of the bonus earned on performance fee revenues can result in compensation expense variability that is uncorrelated to current period earnings. Sales-based compensation increased $4.9 million, or 40.5%, from $12.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, driven by the increase in asset inflows. Acadian LLC key employee distributions increased $11.7 million, or 120.6%, from $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $21.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. Acadian LLC key employee distributions for certain tiers of equity are calculated after an earnings threshold is met, whereby no distributions are made to these equity holders when earnings are below the threshold. The change in Acadian LLC key employee distributions during the current period is driven by higher operating earnings and the leveraged nature of this distribution share. Revaluations of Acadian LLC key employee equity changed by $24.5 million in 2025, reflecting revaluations of key employee ownership interests at Acadian LLC, as the value of the equity plan liability increased $23.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, and increased $47.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. For certain tiers of Acadian LLC equity, revaluations are calculated based on earnings above a threshold. The change in the revaluation in the current period is driven by higher earnings period over period, including earnings over the threshold for certain Acadian LLC equity, as well as changes in inputs used in the valuation model, including market risk assumptions and discount rates.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    Compensation and benefits expense increased $47.6 million, or 21.8%, from $217.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $265.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Fixed compensation and benefits increased $4.7 million, or 5.0%, from $93.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $97.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily reflecting the cost of new hires supporting our growth initiatives and cost of living increases, partially offset by cost savings realized from restructuring at Acadian LLC in late 2023. Variable compensation increased $10.5 million, or 9.4%, from $112.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $122.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to higher pre-bonus profits in the year ended December 31, 2024, partially offset by lower restructuring expenses. Sales-based compensation increased $4.5 million, or 59.2%, from $7.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $12.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, driven by higher gross sales in 2024. Acadian LLC key employee distributions increased $4.6 million, or 90.2%, from $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Acadian LLC key employee distributions for certain tiers of equity are calculated after an earnings threshold is met, whereby no distributions are made to these equity holders when earnings are below the threshold. The change in Acadian LLC key employee distributions during the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven by higher operating earnings and the leveraged nature of this distribution share. Revaluations of Acadian LLC key employee equity changed by $23.3 million, reflecting revaluations of key employee ownership interests at Acadian LLC, as the value of the equity plan liability decreased $(0.1) million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and increased $23.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. For certain tiers of Acadian LLC equity, revaluations are calculated based on earnings above a threshold. The change in the revaluation in the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven by higher earnings period over period, including earnings over the threshold for certain Acadian LLC equity.

47

General and Administrative Expense

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:    General and administrative expense increased $6.8 million, or 8.0%, from $85.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $92.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to higher system, recruiting, portfolio administrative, and consulting costs, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency changes.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    General and administrative expense increased $2.6 million, or 3.1%, from $82.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $85.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to higher systems, outside services and portfolio administrative costs, our continued investment in growth initiatives and capabilities, partially offset by lower consultant costs.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:    Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $(1.9) million, or (10.3)%, from $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $16.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to the effect of certain software becoming fully depreciated.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.2 million, or 6.9%, from $17.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to additional software and technology investments in the business.

U.S. GAAP Other Non-Operating Items of Income and Expense

Other non-operating items of income and expense consist of:

i.investment income (loss);

ii.interest income;

iii.interest expense; and

iv.loss on extinguishment of debt

Investment Income (loss)

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:    Investment income decreased $(2.3) million, from $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $(0.1) million for the year ended December 31, 2025, reflecting a decrease in returns generated by seed capital investments in Funds that are not consolidated by the Company.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    Investment income increased $2.3 million, from $(0.1) million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, reflecting an increase in returns generated by seed capital investments due to market appreciation in the year ended December 31, 2024.

Interest Income

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:    Interest income increased $0.2 million, from $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The increase was due to higher average cash balances, slightly offset by a decrease in short-term investment returns in the year ended December 31, 2025.

48

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    Interest income decreased $(2.6) million, from $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was due to lower average cash balances and decreases in short-term investment returns in the year ended December 31, 2024.

Interest Expense

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:    Interest expense increased $2.3 million, or 11.9%, from $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $21.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily due to the $2.7 million of additional interest expense incurred for the year ended December 31, 2025 related to the accelerated amortization of the cash flow hedge associated with the $275 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.80% Senior Notes due July 27, 2026 that we redeemed in December 2025.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    Interest expense decreased $(0.2) million, or (1.0)%, from $19.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, reflecting lower interest rates in the current year, partially offset by higher balances drawn on the revolving credit facility in the year ended December 31, 2024.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024: Loss on extinguishment of debt was $(1.4) million for the years ended December 31, 2025 as a result of the full redemption of the $275 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of our 4.80% Senior Notes due July 27, 2026. There was no loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:  There was no loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

49

U.S. GAAP Income Tax Expense

Our effective tax rate has been impacted by state and local tax obligations, changes in liabilities for uncertain tax positions, tax effects of stock-based compensation, limitations on executive compensation, and the mix of income earned in the United States versus foreign jurisdictions. Our effective tax rate could be impacted in the future by these items as well as further changes in tax laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which we operate.

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 ("ARPA"), among other things, includes provisions to expand the IRC Section 162(m) disallowance for deduction of certain compensation paid by publicly held corporations. Effective for tax years starting after December 31, 2026, ARPA expands the limitations to cover the next five most highly compensated employees. On July 4, 2025, H.R.1, commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”), was enacted in the United States. The OBBBA includes a broad range of tax reform provisions, including extensions and modifications of certain provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, with various effective dates beginning in 2025 through 2027. The OBBBA includes amendments to Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) that expand the scope of entities and employees considered in determining “covered employees” subject to the limitation on the deductibility of compensation. The OBBBA and ARPA did not have a material impact to the income tax expense during the current period. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of IRC Section 162(m) amendments under the OBBBA and ARPA on future periods, including potential changes in covered employees, compensation structures and related deferred tax balances as additional guidance becomes available.

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:    Income tax expense decreased $(2.3) million, from $38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $36.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The decrease in income tax expense is primarily related to the decrease in pre-tax income from controlling interests for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:    Income tax expense increased $9.5 million, from $29.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in income tax expense is primarily related to the increase in pre-tax income from controlling interests for the year ended December 31, 2024.

U.S. GAAP Consolidated Funds

The net income or loss of all consolidated Funds, excluding any income or loss attributable to seed capital or co-investments we make in the Funds, is included in non-controlling interests in our Consolidated Financial Statements and is not included in net income attributable to controlling interests or in management fees.

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:   Consolidated Funds’ revenue increased $11.5 million, from $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $14.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. Consolidated Funds’ expense increased $8.2 million, from $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. These movements relate to the underlying activity of our consolidated Funds.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:   Consolidated Funds’ revenue increased $0.1 million from $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Consolidated Funds’ expense decreased $(1.9) million from $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. These movements relate to the underlying activity of our consolidated Funds.

50

Key U.S. GAAP Operating Metrics

The following table shows our key U.S. GAAP operating metrics for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The second, third and fourth metrics below have each been adjusted to eliminate the effect of consolidated Funds to more accurately reflect the economics of our Company.

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Numerator: Operating income

$

132.1 

$

135.5 

$

106.0 

Denominator: Total revenue

$

563.7 

$

505.6 

$

426.6 

U.S. GAAP operating margin(1)

23.4 

%

26.8 

%

24.8 

%

Numerator: Total operating expenses(2)

$

422.5 

$

369.2 

$

317.8 

Denominator: Management fee revenue

$

517.7 

$

431.1 

$

373.2 

U.S. GAAP operating expense / management fee revenue(3)

81.6 

%

85.6 

%

85.2 

%

Numerator: Variable compensation

$

125.7 

$

122.7 

$

112.2 

Denominator: Operating income before variable compensation and Acadian LLC key employee distributions(2)(4)(5)

$

273.7 

$

265.7 

$

223.1 

U.S. GAAP variable compensation ratio(3)

45.9 

%

46.2 

%

50.3 

%

Numerator: Acadian LLC key employee distributions

$

21.4 

$

9.7 

5.1 

Denominator: Operating income before Acadian LLC key employee distributions(2)(4)(5)

$

148.0 

$

143.0 

$

110.9 

U.S. GAAP Acadian LLC key employee distributions ratio(3)

14.5 

%

6.8 

%

4.6 

%

(1)Excluding the effect of Funds’ consolidation in the applicable periods, the U.S. GAAP operating margin would be 23.1% for the year ended December 31, 2025, 26.5% for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 25.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(2)Excludes consolidated Funds’ expense of $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(3)Excludes the effect of Funds’ consolidation for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

(4)Excludes consolidated Funds’ revenue of $14.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

51

(5)The following table identifies the components of operating income before variable compensation and Acadian LLC key employee distributions, as well as operating income before Acadian LLC key employee distributions:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Operating income

$

132.1 

$

135.5 

$

106.0 

Acadian LLC key employee distributions

21.4 

9.7 

5.1 

Operating (income) loss of consolidated Funds

(5.5)

(2.2)

(0.2)

Operating income before Acadian LLC key employee distributions

$

148.0 

$

143.0 

$

110.9 

Variable compensation

125.7 

122.7 

112.2 

Operating income before variable compensation and Acadian LLC key employee distributions

$

273.7 

$

265.7 

$

223.1 

Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure—Economic Net Income and Segment Analysis

As supplemental information, we provide a non-GAAP performance measure that we refer to as economic net income, or ENI, which represents our management’s view of the underlying economic earnings generated by us. We define economic net income as ENI revenue less (i) ENI operating expenses, (ii) variable compensation, (iii) key employee distributions, (iv) net interest and (v) taxes, each as further discussed in this section. ENI adjustments to U.S. GAAP include both reclassifications of U.S. GAAP revenue and expense items, as well as adjustments to U.S. GAAP results, primarily to exclude non-cash, non-economic expenses, or to reflect cash benefits not recognized under U.S. GAAP.

ENI is an important measure to investors because it is used by us to make resource allocation decisions, determine appropriate levels of investment or dividend payout, manage balance sheet leverage, determine variable compensation and equity distributions, and incentivize management. It is also an important measure because it assists management in evaluating our operating performance and is presented in a way that most closely reflects the key elements of our profit share operating model with Acadian LLC. For a further discussion of how we use ENI and why ENI is useful to investors, see “—Overview—How We Measure Performance.”

To calculate economic net income, we re-categorize certain line items on our Consolidated Statements of Operations to reflect the following:

•We exclude the effect of Funds’ consolidation by removing the portion of Fund revenues, expenses and investment return which were not attributable to our stockholders.

•We include within management fee revenue any fees paid to the Company by consolidated Funds.

•We treat sales-based compensation as a general and administrative expense, rather than part of fixed compensation and benefits.

•We identify separately from operating expenses variable compensation and Acadian LLC key employee distributions, which represent Acadian LLC earnings shared with key employees.

52

We also make the following adjustments to U.S. GAAP results to more closely reflect our economic results:

i.We exclude non-cash expenses representing changes in the value of Acadian LLC equity and profit interests held by key employees. These ownership interests may in certain circumstances be repurchased by Hold Co at a value based on a pre-determined fixed multiple of trailing earnings and as such this value is carried on our balance sheet as a liability. Non-cash movements in the value of this liability are treated as compensation expense under U.S. GAAP. However, any equity or profit interests repurchased by Hold Co can be used to fund a portion of future variable compensation awards, resulting in savings in cash variable compensation that offset the negative cash effect of repurchasing the equity. Our equity and profit interest plans have been designed to ensure Hold Co is never required to repurchase more equity than we can reasonably recycle through variable compensation awards in any given twelve-month period.

ii.We exclude non-cash amortization or impairment expenses related to acquired goodwill and other intangibles as these are non-cash charges that do not result in an outflow of tangible economic benefits from the business.

iii.We exclude capital transaction costs, including the costs of raising debt or equity, gains or losses realized as a result of redeeming debt or equity and direct incremental costs associated with acquisitions of businesses or assets.

iv.We exclude seed capital and co-investment gains, losses, and related financing costs. The net returns on these investments are considered and presented separately from ENI because ENI is primarily a measure of our earnings from managing client assets, which therefore differs from earnings generated by our investments, which can be variable from period to period.

v.We include cash tax benefits associated with deductions allowed for acquired intangibles and goodwill that may not be recognized or have timing differences compared to U.S. GAAP.

vi.We exclude the results of discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests since they are not part of our ongoing business and restructuring costs incurred in continuing operations.

vii.We exclude deferred tax resulting from changes in tax law and expiration of statutes, adjustments for uncertain tax positions, deferred tax attributable to intangible assets and other unusual items not related to current operating results to reflect ENI tax normalization.

We also adjust our income tax expense to reflect any tax impact of our ENI adjustments.

53

Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Net Income to Economic Net Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests to economic net income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests

$

80.0 

$

85.0 

$

65.8 

Adjustments to reflect the economic earnings of the Company:

i.

Non-cash key employee-owned equity and profit interest revaluations

47.7 

23.2 

(0.1)

ii.

Goodwill impairment and amortization of acquired intangible assets

— 

— 

— 

iii.

Capital transaction costs

4.6 

0.3 

0.3 

iv.

Seed/Co-investment (gains) losses and financings(1)

(4.2)

(2.8)

(1.5)

v.

Tax benefit of goodwill and acquired intangibles deductions

1.0 

1.5 

1.5 

vi.

Discontinued operations attributable to controlling interests and restructuring(2)

(1.0)

1.6 

9.5 

vii.

ENI tax normalization(3)

2.3 

3.1 

2.4 

Tax effect of above adjustments, as applicable(4)

(12.8)

(6.1)

(2.2)

Economic net income

$

117.6 

$

105.8 

$

75.7 

(1)The net return on seed/co-investment (gains) losses and financings for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 are shown in the following table.

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Seed/Co-investment (gains) losses

$

(9.4)

$

(6.5)

$

(2.9)

Financing costs:

Seed/Co-investment average balance

79.7 

57.5 

22.1 

Blended interest rate*

6.5 

%

6.5 

%

6.5 

%

Financing costs

5.2 

3.7 

1.4 

Net seed/co-investment (gains) losses and financing

$

(4.2)

$

(2.8)

$

(1.5)

* The blended rate is based on the weighted average rate of the long-term debt.

(2)For the year ended December 31, 2025, includes severance-related items of $(1.0) million. For the year ended December 31, 2024, includes severance-related items of $(1.0) million, costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent of $1.3 million and costs associated with the wind-down of the MACS business in the standalone format of $1.3 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, includes severance costs of $7.3 million, legal-related restructuring costs at the Hold Co of $0.9 million and costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent of $1.3 million.

(3)Includes adjustments of $0.1 million, $(0.3) million and $(0.2) million to remove the tax benefit (expense) resulting from the change in liabilities for uncertain tax positions recorded during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(4)Reflects the sum of lines (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and the restructuring component of line (vi) multiplied by the U.S. Federal and State statutory tax rate of 27.3%.

54

The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP net income per share to economic net income per share for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($)

2025

2024

2023

U.S. GAAP net income per share

$

2.21 

$

2.22 

$

1.55 

Adjustments to reflect the economic earnings of the Company:

i.

Non-cash key employee-owned equity and profit interest revaluations

1.32 

0.61 

— 

ii.

Goodwill impairment and amortization of acquired intangible assets

— 

— 

— 

iii.

Capital transaction costs

0.13 

0.01 

0.01 

iv.

Seed/Co-investment (gains) losses and financings

(0.12)

(0.07)

(0.04)

v.

Tax benefit of goodwill and acquired intangibles deductions

0.03 

0.04 

0.04 

vi.

Discontinued operations and restructuring

(0.03)

0.03 

0.21 

vii.

ENI tax normalization

0.06 

0.08 

0.06 

Tax effect of above adjustments

(0.35)

(0.16)

(0.05)

Economic net income per share

$

3.25 

$

2.76 

$

1.78 

Limitations of Economic Net Income

Economic net income is the key measure our management uses to evaluate the financial performance of, and make operational decisions for, our business. Economic net income is not audited and is not a substitute for net income or other performance measures that are derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Furthermore, our calculation of economic net income may differ from similarly titled measures provided by other companies.

Because the calculation of economic net income excludes certain ongoing expenses, including amortization expense and certain compensation costs, it has certain material limitations and should not be viewed in isolation or as a substitute for U.S. GAAP measures of earnings.

ENI Revenues

The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP revenue to ENI revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

U.S. GAAP Revenue

$

563.7 

$

505.6 

$

426.6 

Exclude revenue from consolidated Funds

(14.6)

(3.1)

(3.0)

ENI Revenue

$

549.1 

$

502.5 

$

423.6 

The following table identifies the components of ENI revenue:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Management fees(1)

$

517.7 

$

431.1 

$

373.2 

Performance fees (2)

31.4 

71.4 

50.4 

ENI Revenue

$

549.1 

$

502.5 

$

423.6 

(1)ENI management fees correspond to U.S. GAAP management fees.

(2)ENI performance fees correspond to U.S. GAAP performance fees.

55

ENI Operating Expenses

The largest difference between U.S. GAAP operating expense and ENI operating expense relates to compensation. As shown in the following reconciliation, we exclude the impact of key employee equity revaluations. Variable compensation and Acadian LLC key employee distributions are also segregated out of U.S. GAAP operating expense in order to align with the manner in which these items are contractually calculated.

The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP operating expense to ENI operating expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

U.S. GAAP operating expense

$

431.6 

$

370.1 

$

320.6 

Less: items excluded from economic net income

Non-cash key employee equity and profit interest revaluations

(47.7)

(23.2)

0.1 

Capital transaction costs

— 

— 

— 

Restructuring costs(1)

1.0 

(1.6)

(9.5)

Funds’ operating expenses

(9.1)

(0.9)

(2.8)

Less: items segregated out of U.S. GAAP operating expense

Variable compensation(2)

(126.7)

(122.8)

(104.9)

Acadian LLC key employee distributions

(21.4)

(9.7)

(5.1)

ENI operating expense

$

227.7 

$

211.9 

$

198.4 

(1)For the year ended December 31, 2025, includes $(1.0) million of severance-related items. For the year ended December 31, 2024, includes $(1.0) million of severance-related items, $1.3 million costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent and $1.3 million of costs associated with the wind-down of the MACS business in the standalone format. For the year ended December 31, 2023, includes $7.3 million of severance costs, $0.9 million of legal-related restructuring costs at the Hold Co and $1.3 million costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent.

(2)For the year ended December 31, 2025, excludes $(1.0) million of severance-related items that is included within restructuring costs. For the year ended December 31, 2024, excludes $(1.0) million of severance-related items that is included within restructuring costs and $0.9 million of costs associated with the wind-down of the MACS business in the standalone format that is included within restructuring costs. For the year ended December 31, 2023, excludes variable compensation related to severance of $7.3 million that is included within restructuring costs.

56

The following table identifies the components of ENI operating expense:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Fixed compensation & benefits(1)

$

102.1 

$

97.8 

$

93.1 

General and administrative expenses(2)

109.0 

96.0 

88.0 

Depreciation and amortization

16.6 

18.1 

17.3 

ENI operating expense

$

227.7 

$

211.9 

$

198.4 

(1)Fixed compensation and benefits include base salaries, payroll taxes and the cost of benefit programs provided. The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP compensation and benefits expense to ENI fixed compensation and benefits expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Total U.S. GAAP compensation and benefits expense

$

313.9 

$

265.5 

$

217.9 

Non-cash key employee equity and profit interest revaluations excluded from ENI

(47.7)

(23.2)

0.1 

Sales-based compensation reclassified to ENI general & administrative expenses

(17.0)

(12.1)

(7.6)

Acadian LLC key employee distributions

(21.4)

(9.7)

(5.1)

Restructuring expenses(a)

1.0 

0.1 

(7.3)

Variable compensation

(126.7)

(122.8)

(104.9)

ENI fixed compensation and benefits

$

102.1 

$

97.8 

$

93.1 

(a)Reflects $(1.0) million of severance-related items for the year ended December 31, 2025. Reflects $(1.0) million of severance-related items and costs associated with the wind-down of the MACS business in the standalone format of $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Reflects $7.3 million of severance-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(2)The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP general and administrative expense to ENI general and administrative expense:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

U.S. GAAP general and administrative expense

$

92.0 

$

85.2 

$

82.6 

Sales-based compensation

17.0 

12.1 

7.6 

Restructuring costs(a)

— 

(1.3)

(2.2)

ENI general and administrative expense

$

109.0 

$

96.0 

$

88.0 

(a)Reflects $1.3 million of costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent for the year ended December 31, 2024. Reflects $0.9 million of legal-related restructuring costs at the Hold Co and $1.3 million of costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent in the year ended December 31, 2023.

57

Key Non-GAAP Operating Metrics

The following table shows our key non-GAAP operating metrics for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. We present these metrics because they are the measures our management uses to evaluate the profitability of our business and are useful to investors because they represent the key drivers and measures of economic performance within our business model. Please see the footnotes below for an explanation of each ratio, its usefulness in measuring the economics and operating performance of our business, and a reference to the most closely related U.S. GAAP measure:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Numerator: ENI operating earnings(1)

$

194.7 

$

167.8 

$

120.3 

Denominator: ENI revenue

$

549.1 

$

502.5 

$

423.6 

ENI operating margin(2)

35.5 

%

33.4 

%

28.4 

%

Numerator: ENI operating expense

$

227.7 

$

211.9 

$

198.4 

Denominator: ENI management fee revenue(3)

$

517.7 

$

431.1 

$

373.2 

ENI operating expense ratio(4)

44.0 

%

49.2 

%

53.2 

%

Numerator: ENI variable compensation

$

126.7 

$

122.8 

$

104.9 

Denominator: ENI earnings before variable compensation(1)(5)

$

321.4 

$

290.6 

$

225.2 

ENI variable compensation ratio(6)

39.4 

%

42.3 

%

46.6 

%

Numerator: Acadian LLC key employee distributions

$

21.4 

$

9.7 

$

5.1 

Denominator: ENI operating earnings(1)

$

194.7 

$

167.8 

$

120.3 

ENI Acadian LLC key employee distributions ratio(7)

11.0 

%

5.8 

%

4.2 

%

(1)ENI operating earnings represents ENI earnings before Acadian LLC key employee distributions and is calculated as ENI revenue, less ENI operating expense, less ENI variable compensation. It differs from economic net income because it does not include the effects of Acadian LLC key employee distributions, net interest expense or income tax expense.

58

The following table reconciles U.S. GAAP operating income (loss) to ENI operating earnings:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

U.S. GAAP operating income

$

132.1 

$

135.5 

$

106.0 

Exclude the impact of:

Acadian LLC key employee-owned equity and profit interest revaluations

47.7 

23.2 

(0.1)

Goodwill impairment and the amortization of acquired intangible assets

— 

— 

— 

Restructuring costs(a)

(1.0)

1.6 

9.5 

Acadian LLC key employee distributions

21.4 

9.7 

5.1 

Variable compensation

126.7 

122.8 

104.9 

Consolidated Funds’ operating income

(5.5)

(2.2)

(0.2)

ENI earnings before variable compensation

321.4 

290.6 

225.2 

Less: ENI variable compensation(b)

(126.7)

(122.8)

(104.9)

ENI operating earnings

194.7 

167.8 

120.3 

Less: ENI Acadian LLC key employee distributions

(21.4)

(9.7)

(5.1)

ENI earnings after Acadian LLC key employee distributions

$

173.3 

$

158.1 

$

115.2 

(a)The year ended December 31, 2025 includes $(1.0) million of severance-related items. The year ended December 31, 2024 includes $(1.0) million of severance-related items, $1.3 million associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent and $1.3 million of costs associated with the wind-down of the MACS business in the standalone format. The year ended December 31, 2023 includes $7.3 million of severance costs, $0.9 million of legal-related restructuring costs at the Hold Co and $1.3 million associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent.

(b)The year ended December 31, 2025 excludes $(1.0) million of severance-related items that are included within restructuring costs. The year ended December 31, 2024 excludes $(1.0) million of severance-related items that is included within restructuring costs and $0.9 million of costs associated with the wind-down of the MACS business in the standalone format that is included within restructuring costs. The year ended December 31, 2023 excludes $7.3 million of severance costs that are included within restructuring costs.

(2)The ENI operating margin, which is calculated before Acadian LLC key employee distributions, is used by management and is useful to investors to evaluate the overall operating margin of the business. The ENI operating margin is most comparable to our U.S. GAAP operating margin. Our U.S. GAAP operating margin, excluding the effect of consolidated Funds, was 23.1% for the year ended December 31, 2025, 26.5% for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 25.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The ENI operating margin is important because it gives investors an understanding of the profitability of the total business relative to revenue, irrespective of the ownership position which we have in Acadian LLC. Management and investors use this ratio when comparing our profitability relative to our peer group and evaluating our ability to manage the cost structure and profitability of our business under different operating environments.

(3)ENI management fee revenue corresponds to U.S. GAAP management fee revenue.

59

(4)The ENI operating expense ratio is used by management and is useful to investors to evaluate the level of operating expense as measured against our recurring management fee revenue. We have provided this ratio since many operating expenses, including fixed compensation and benefits and general and administrative expense, are generally linked to the overall size of the business. We track this ratio as a key measure of scale economies because in our profit-sharing economic model, scale benefits both the Acadian LLC employees and our stockholders. The ENI operating expense ratio is most comparable to the U.S. GAAP operating expense / management fee revenue ratio.

(5)ENI earnings before variable compensation is calculated as ENI revenue, less ENI operating expense.

(6)The ENI variable compensation ratio is used by management and is useful to investors to evaluate consolidated variable compensation as measured against our ENI earnings before variable compensation. Variable compensation is primarily comprised of a contractual percentage of Acadian LLC’s ENI earnings before variable compensation and may be paid in the form of cash or non-cash Acadian LLC equity or profit interests. Hold Co variable compensation includes cash and AAMI equity. Non-cash variable compensation awards typically vest over several years and are recognized as compensation expense over that service period. The variable compensation ratio is calculated as variable compensation divided by ENI earnings before variable compensation. The ENI variable compensation ratio is most comparable to the U.S. GAAP variable compensation ratio.

(7)The ENI Acadian LLC key employee distribution ratio is used by management and is useful to investors to evaluate Acadian LLC key employee distributions as measured against our ENI operating earnings. Acadian LLC key employee distributions represent the share of profits after variable compensation that is attributable to Acadian LLC key employee equity and profit interests holders, according to their ownership interests. It is calculated as Acadian LLC key employee distributions divided by ENI operating earnings. Within Acadian LLC, we have a tiered equity structure, where AAMI and other classes of employee equity holders are entitled to an initial proportionate preference over profits after variable compensation, structured such that before a preference threshold is reached, there would be no required key employee distributions to the tiered equity holders, whereas for profits above the threshold the key employee distribution amount to the tiered equity holders would be calculated based on the tiered key employee ownership percentages. The ENI Acadian LLC key employee distributions ratio is most comparable to the U.S. GAAP Acadian LLC key employee distributions ratio.

60

Tax on Economic Net Income

The following table reconciles the United States statutory tax to tax on economic net income:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Pre-tax economic net income(1)

$

163.7 

$

146.2 

$

103.4 

Taxes at the U.S. federal and state statutory rates(2)

(44.7)

(39.9)

(28.3)

Other reconciling tax adjustments

(1.4)

(0.5)

0.6 

Tax on economic net income

(46.1)

(40.4)

(27.7)

Economic net income

$

117.6 

$

105.8 

$

75.7 

Economic net income effective tax rate(3)

28.2 

%

27.6 

%

26.8 

%

(1)Includes interest income and third-party ENI interest expense, as shown in the following table:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

U.S. GAAP interest income

$

3.7 

$

3.5 

$

6.1 

U.S. GAAP interest expense

(21.7)

(19.4)

(19.6)

U.S. GAAP net interest expense

(18.0)

(15.9)

(13.5)

Other ENI interest expense exclusions(a)

8.4 

4.0 

1.7 

ENI net interest income (expense)

(9.6)

(11.9)

(11.8)

ENI earnings after Acadian LLC key employee distributions(b)

173.3 

158.1 

115.2 

Pre-tax economic net income

$

163.7 

$

146.2 

$

103.4 

(a)Other ENI interest expense exclusions represent cost of financing on seed capital and co-investments and amortization of debt issuance costs. Includes $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2025 related to the cost of seed and co-investment financing and $3.2 million related to the amortization of debt issuance costs and accelerated amortization of the cash flow hedge resulting from the full redemption of our 4.80% Senior Notes due 2026. Includes $3.7 million related to the cost of seed and co-investment financing and $0.3 million related to the amortization of debt issuance costs for the year ended December 31, 2024. Includes $1.4 million related to the cost of seed and co-investment financing and $0.3 million related to the amortization of debt issuance costs for the year ended December 31, 2023.

(b)ENI earnings after Acadian LLC key employee distributions is calculated as ENI operating income (ENI revenue, less ENI operating expense, less ENI variable compensation), less Acadian LLC key employee distributions. Refer to “—Key Non-GAAP Operating Metrics” for a reconciliation from U.S. GAAP operating income to ENI earnings after Acadian LLC key employee distributions.

(2)Taxed at U.S. Federal and State statutory rate of 27.3%.

(3)The economic net income effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the tax on economic net income by pre-tax economic net income.

61

Investments

The value of our seed capital investments was $97.2 million as of December 31, 2025 and $90.3 million as of December 31, 2024, including direct investments in consolidated Funds. Total seed capital investments represents our seed capital invested within Acadian LLC’s investment products. The following table reconciles the investments balance per our Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total value of our seed capital investments as of each of the dates indicated:

($ in millions)

December 31,

2025

December 31,

2024

Investments per Consolidated Balance Sheets

$

51.2 

$

67.9 

Seed capital investment in consolidated Funds

83.9 

70.9 

Investments related to long-term incentive compensation plans

(37.9)

(48.5)

Total seed capital investments

$

97.2 

$

90.3 

Segment Analysis

We operate our business through the following reportable segment:

•Quant & Solutions—incorporates strategies that utilize advanced technology to collect and analyze data, aiming to identify mispriced assets and generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for investors; portfolios include Emerging Equity, Non-U.S. Equity, Global Equity, Small Cap Equity, Enhanced Equity, Equity Extensions, and Systematic Credit. This segment consists of our ownership interest in Acadian LLC.

The corporate holding company (“Hold Co”) is included within the Unallocated Corporate expense category. The Hold Co expenses are not allocated to the Company’s business segment, but the CODM does consider the cost structure of the corporate head office when evaluating the financial performance of our segment. The CODM is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

The primary measure used by the CODM in measuring performance and allocating resources to the segment is ENI. ENI is used to make resource allocation decisions, determine appropriate levels of investment or dividend payout, manage balance sheet leverage, determine variable compensation and equity distributions, and incentivize management. We define economic net income for the segment as ENI revenue less ENI operating expenses. The ENI adjustments to U.S. GAAP include both reclassifications of U.S. GAAP revenue and expense items, as well as adjustments to U.S. GAAP results, primarily to exclude non-cash, non-economic expenses recognized under U.S. GAAP.

ENI revenue includes management fees, performance fees and other revenue under U.S. GAAP, adjusted to include management fees paid to the Company by consolidated Funds.

Significant segment ENI expenses include fixed compensation and benefits, variable compensation, Acadian LLC key employee distributions, depreciation and amortization, and general and administrative expense under U.S. GAAP, adjusted to exclude non-cash expenses representing changes in the value of Acadian LLC equity and profit interests held by Acadian LLC key employees, capital transaction costs, and restructuring costs.

ENI segment results are also adjusted to exclude consolidated Funds’ revenues, consolidated Funds’ expenses and investment return recorded under U.S. GAAP.

Refer to the reconciliations of U.S. GAAP revenue to ENI revenue, U.S. GAAP Operating expense to ENI Operating expense, variable compensation and Acadian LLC key employee distributions disclosed previously within this section.

62

    Segment ENI Revenue

The following table identifies the components of Quant & Solutions segment ENI revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Management fees

$

517.7 

$

431.1 

$

373.2 

Performance fees

31.4 

71.4 

50.4 

Segment ENI revenue

$

549.1 

$

502.5 

$

423.6 

Quant & Solutions Segment ENI Revenue

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:  Quant & Solutions ENI revenue increased $46.6 million, or 9.3%, from $502.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $549.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The increase was attributable to 20.1% higher management fees driven by higher average AUM resulting from positive equity markets and net client cash flows in the past twelve months, offset by (56.0)% lower performance fees, which are variable and are contractually triggered based on investment performance results over agreed upon time period.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:   Quant & Solutions ENI revenue increased $78.9 million, or 18.6%, from $423.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $502.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was due to 41.7% higher performance fees due to strong performance relative to market in certain strategies in the year ended December 31, 2024, and 15.5% higher management fees resulting from positive equity markets in the past year and an improvement in blended average basis points on assets under management, driven by fee rates from inflows being higher than outflows in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

    Segment ENI Expense

The following table identifies the components of Quant & Solutions segment ENI expenses for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Fixed compensation & benefits

$

96.1 

$

90.7 

$

86.6 

Variable compensation

121.8 

119.9 

102.2 

Acadian LLC key employee distributions

21.4 

9.7 

5.1 

Depreciation and amortization

16.6 

18.1 

17.3 

General and administrative expense

101.6 

87.9 

80.3 

Segment ENI expenses

$

357.5 

$

326.3 

$

291.5 

63

Quant & Solutions Segment ENI Expense

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:  Quant & Solutions segment ENI expenses increased $31.2 million, or 10%, from $326.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $357.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. Quant & Solutions segment ENI fixed compensation and benefits expense increased 6.0%, reflecting cost of living increases and an increase in the cost of employee benefits. Quant & Solutions ENI variable compensation expense is based on a contractual percentage of earnings before variable compensation and also includes a formulaic split of performance fee revenue that gets deferred and recognized as variable compensation expense over a three-year vesting period. The deferred nature of the bonus earned on performance fee revenues can result in compensation expense variability that is uncorrelated to current period earnings. Quant & Solutions ENI variable compensation expense increased 1.6% as a result of higher earnings before variable compensation, and changes in deferred compensation expense earned on current and prior year performance fee revenues in the year ended December 31, 2025. Acadian LLC key employee distributions attributable to Quant & Solutions increased 120.6%. Acadian LLC key employee distributions for certain tiers of equity are calculated after an earnings threshold is met, whereby no distributions are made to these equity holders when earnings are below the threshold. The change in Acadian LLC key employee distributions during the current period is driven by higher operating earnings and the leveraged nature of this distribution share. Quant & Solutions ENI general and administrative expense increased 15.6% primarily due to higher sales-based compensation, system, recruiting, portfolio administrative, and consulting costs, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency changes.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:   Quant & Solutions segment ENI expense increased $34.8 million, or 12%, from $291.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $326.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Quant & Solutions segment ENI fixed compensation and benefits expense increased 4.7%, reflecting the cost of new hires supporting our growth initiatives and cost of living increases, partially offset by cost savings realized from restructuring in late 2023. Quant & Solutions ENI variable compensation expense is based on contractual percentage of earnings before variable compensation and also includes a formulaic split of performance fee revenue that gets deferred and recognized as variable compensation expense over a three-year vesting period. The deferred nature of the bonus earned on performance fee revenues can result in compensation expense variability that is uncorrelated to current period earnings. Quant & Solutions ENI variable compensation expense increased 17.3%, primarily as a result of higher earnings before variable compensation. Acadian LLC key employee distributions for certain tiers of equity are calculated after an earnings threshold is met, whereby no distributions are made to these equity holders when earnings are below the threshold. The change in Acadian LLC key employee distributions during the year ended December 31, 2024 is driven by higher operating earnings and the leveraged nature of this distribution share. Quant & Solutions ENI general and administrative expense increased 9.5%primarily due to higher systems, outside services and portfolio administrative costs, reflecting our continued investment in growth initiatives and capabilities, partially offset by lower consultant costs.

Unallocated corporate expense

The following table identifies unallocated corporate expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Unallocated corporate expenses(1)

$

18.3 

$

19.4 

$

19.1 

(1)Unallocated corporate expenses are presented on a U.S. GAAP basis.

64

Year ended December 31, 2025 compared to year ended December 31, 2024:  Unallocated corporate expense decreased $(1.1) million, or (5.7)%, from $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 to $18.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. The decrease was driven by lower general and administrative expense, slightly offset by higher compensation and benefits expense.

Year ended December 31, 2024 compared to year ended December 31, 2023:   Unallocated corporate expenses increased $0.3 million, or 1.6%, from $19.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was driven by higher compensation and benefits expense due to cost of living and payroll tax increases, partially offset by lower general and administrative expenses due to a decrease in legal costs.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes certain key financial data relating to cash flows. All amounts presented exclude consolidated Funds:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Cash provided by (used in)(1)

Operating activities

$

129.8 

$

108.9 

$

77.7 

Investing activities

5.3 

(50.1)

(31.4)

Financing activities

(129.2)

(110.4)

(8.1)

(1)Excludes consolidated Funds.

Our most significant uses of cash include repayment of third-party borrowings and revolving credit facility, share repurchases, third-party interest payments, tax payments, seed capital investments, dividends and compensation and general and administrative expenses.

Comparison for the Years Ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023

Net cash provided by operating activities excluding consolidated Funds increased $20.9 million, from net cash provided of $108.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 to net cash provided of $129.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2025. The increase was driven by changes in net income offset by changes in operating asset and liabilities period-over-period, including changes in investment advisory fees receivable and accrued incentive compensation balances.

Net cash provided by operating activities excluding consolidated Funds increased $31.2 million, from net cash provided of $77.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2023 to net cash provided of $108.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was driven by changes in net income offset by changes in operating asset and liabilities period-over-period.

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities, excluding consolidated Funds, was $5.3 million, $(50.1) million and $(31.4) million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Fluctuations are driven by the timing of investments and redemptions of seed capital. Net cash received from (used in) the sale and (purchase) of investments was $17.2 million, $(40.2) million and $(17.6) million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

65

Net cash used in financing activities, excluding consolidated Funds, consists of share repurchases, third-party borrowings, payments made to OM plc, withholding tax payments on stock option exercises and dividend payments. Net cash used in financing activities was $(129.2) million, $(110.4) million and $(8.1) million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Share repurchases, revolving credit facility borrowing activity and third party borrowing activity were the drivers of the changes in financing activities year over year. We paid $(48.8) million for share repurchases in 2025 compared to $(96.7) million in 2024 and $(3.3) million in 2023. In 2025, we paid down net $(76.1) million against third-party and revolving credit facility borrowings compared to $0.0 million in 2024 and 2023.

Working Capital and Long-Term Debt

The following table summarizes certain key financial data relating to our capital resources and liquid net assets. All amounts presented exclude the non-controlling interest portion of consolidated Funds:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Balance Sheet Data(1)

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents

$

101.2 

$

94.8 

146.8

Investment advisory fees receivable

178.5 

164.7 

143.4 

Investments

94.1 

87.5 

37.9 

Other current assets(2)

2.9 

3.0 

2.7 

Total current assets

376.7 

350.0 

330.8 

Current liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

$

37.6 

$

37.9 

39.1 

Accrued short-term incentive compensation

129.9 

118.6 

99.3 

Other short-term liabilities(3)

12.5 

11.3 

10.8 

Total current liabilities

180.0 

167.8 

149.2 

Working Capital

$

196.7 

$

182.2 

$

181.6 

Long-term notes payable and other debt

$

200.0 

274.3 

$

273.9 

(1)Excludes the non-controlling interest portion of consolidated Funds.

(2)Includes income taxes receivable.

(3)Includes the short-term portion of our lease liability and accrued income taxes payable. Excluded from other short-term liabilities for each of the years presented is an income tax reserve relating to net operating losses that does not represent a current obligation of the Company. Puts related to Acadian LLC equity and profits interests are also excluded on a short-term basis because they are funded through recycling.

Working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities, excluding the non-controlling interest portion of consolidated Funds. Our net working capital has been positive over the past several years and was $196.7 million at December 31, 2025. Our most significant current liabilities have been accounts payable, accrued compensation expense and the short-term portion of our third-party debt. Accrued compensation expense has primarily consisted of variable compensation accruals made throughout the year based on contractual arrangements. Our cash management practices generally require that working capital be maintained at an appropriate level to meet short-term operational needs at both Acadian LLC and Hold Co. Periodic distributions of Acadian LLC earnings to Hold Co and Acadian LLC key employee equity holders are made according to our distribution policies, with Hold Co having the ability to access surplus cash at Acadian LLC as necessary during interim periods.

66

Borrowings and Debt

The following table summarizes our financing arrangements as of the dates indicated:

($ in millions)

December 31,

2025

December 31,

2024

Interest rate

Maturity

Revolving credit facilities:

$140 million revolving credit facility(1)

$

— 

$

— 

Variable rate

August 29, 2027

$175 million revolving credit facility

— 

— 

Variable rate

October 28, 2028

Total revolving credit facility

$

— 

$

— 

Third-party borrowings:

$275 million 4.80% Senior Notes Due July 27, 2026(2)

$

— 

$

274.3 

4.80%

July 27, 2026

$200 million Delayed Draw Term Loan Due October 28, 2028

200.0 

— 

Variable rate

October 28, 2028

Total third-party borrowings

$

200.0 

$

274.3 

(1)On October 28, 2025, Acadian LLC’s $140 million revolving credit facility was terminated and replaced with a new $175 million revolving credit facility.

(2)On December 1, 2025, we completed the full redemption of the $275 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of our 4.80% Senior Notes due 2026. As a result of this transaction, we recorded $(1.4) million of loss on extinguishment of debt within the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2025.

The Delayed Draw Term Loan Credit Agreement and Revolving Credit Agreement

On October 28, 2025 (the “Closing Date), Acadian LLC entered into a Delayed Draw Term Loan Credit Agreement among Acadian LLC, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”), as the Administrative Agent (the “DDTL Credit Agreement”) and a Revolving Credit Agreement among Acadian LLC, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, as the Administrative Agent and a L/C Issuer and the other L/C Issuers from time to time party thereto (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”).

The DDTL Credit Agreement provides for a delayed draw term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount, as of the Closing Date, of up to $200 million (the “Term Facility”). The term loans mature on October 28, 2028. Subject to certain conditions, Acadian LLC may increase the size of the Term Facility to an aggregate maximum principal amount of $275 million. None of the lenders under the Term Facility are obligated to provide such additional commitments to Acadian LLC.

Loans under the DDTL Credit Agreement bear interest, at Acadian LLC’s option, at a rate per annum equal to (i) Term SOFR for the applicable interest period plus an applicable margin equal to a range of 1.5% to 2.0% depending on Acadian LLC’s consolidated leverage ratio or (ii) an alternate base rate (defined as a rate equal to the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, (ii) Bank of America’s published “prime rate” and (iii) Term SOFR plus 1.0%) plus an applicable margin equal to a range of 0.5% to 1.0% depending on Acadian LLC’s consolidated leverage ratio.

Financial covenants under the Term Facility include the quarterly maintenance by the Acadian LLC of (i) a maximum Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the DDTL Credit Agreement) of not greater than 2.5x and (ii) a minimum Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (calculated as the ratio of Acadian LLC Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the DDTL Credit Agreement), divided by Acadian LLC interest expense for the four consecutive

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fiscal quarters ended on or immediately prior to the date of determination) of not less than 4.0x. For purposes of calculating the Consolidated Net Leverage Ratio, the DDTL Credit Agreement refers to Consolidated Funded Indebtedness (as defined in the DDTL Credit Agreement) minus unrestricted cash at Acadian LLC. At December 31, 2025, Acadian LLC’s Leverage Ratio was 0.6x and Acadian LLC’s Interest Coverage Ratio was 85.7x.

The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for senior unsecured revolving credit commitments as of the Closing Date in an aggregate principal amount, as of the Closing Date, of up to $175 million (the “Revolving Facility”). The revolving commitments mature on October 28, 2028. Subject to certain conditions, Acadian LLC may increase the size of the Revolving Facility to an aggregate maximum principal amount of $275 million, which may be established in the form of revolving commitments or term loan commitments. None of the lenders under the Revolving Facility are obligated to provide such additional commitments to Acadian LLC.

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement bear interest, at Acadian LLC's option, at a rate per annum equal to (i) Term SOFR (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) for the applicable interest period plus an applicable margin equal to a range of 1.5% to 2.0% depending on Acadian LLC’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) or (ii) an alternate base rate (defined as a rate equal to the highest of (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, (ii) Bank of America's published "prime rate" and (iii) Term SOFR plus 1.0%) plus an applicable margin equal to a range of 0.5% to 1.0% depending on Acadian LLC’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee at a per annum rate ranging from 0.25% to 0.375%, with such amount based on Acadian LLC’s Consolidated Leverage Ratio on the daily undrawn amount of the revolving commitments, and customary letter of credit participation and fronting fees.

As of December 31, 2025, Acadian LLC had unused lines of credit of $172.5 million comprised of undrawn commitments on the Revolving Credit Facility of $175 million less a $2.5 million letter of credit with Bank of America related to one of the Acadian LLC’s current office spaces.

As of December 31, 2025, we were in compliance with the required covenants related to borrowings and debt facilities.

Other Compensation Liabilities

Other compensation liabilities principally consist of cash-settled Acadian LLC equity and profit interests liabilities held by key employees, and voluntary deferred compensation plans. The following table summarizes our other compensation liabilities:

Years ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

Share-based payments liability

$

37.0 

$

25.4 

Profit interests liability

54.0 

18.7 

Employee equity

91.0 

44.1 

Voluntary deferral plan liability

37.9 

48.4 

Total

$

128.9 

$

92.5 

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Share-based payments liability represents the value of Acadian LLC key employee-owned equity that may under certain circumstances be repurchased by us that is considered an equity award under U.S. GAAP based on the terms and conditions attached to these interests. Acadian LLC profit interests liability represents the value of Acadian LLC key employee-owned equity that may under certain circumstances be repurchased by us that is not considered an equity award under U.S. GAAP, but rather a form of compensation arrangement, based on the terms and conditions attached to these interests. Our obligation in any given period in respect of funding these potential repurchases of Acadian LLC equity is limited to only that portion that may be put to us by Acadian LLC key employees, which is typically capped annually under the terms of these arrangements such that we are not required to repurchase more than we can reasonably recycle by re-granting the interests in lieu of cash variable compensation owed to Acadian LLC key employees.

Certain of our employees are eligible to participate in our voluntary deferral plan, or VDP, which provides our senior personnel the opportunity to voluntarily defer a portion of their compensation. There is a voluntary deferral plan investment balance included in investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets that corresponds to this deferral liability.

Additionally, we have recorded accrued incentive compensation of $129.9 million and $119.6 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Included within the accrued incentive compensation balance is the vested portion of our deferred compensation pool. The majority of the deferred compensation pool is based on a contractual percentage of Acadian LLC performance fee revenues and post-bonus profits, and is subject to a three-year vesting period. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period. Unamortized compensation expense related to the unvested portion of the deferred compensation pool of $23.5 million and $9.7 million is expected to be recognized in the years ending December 31, 2026 and 2027, respectively.

For additional discussion of our compensation programs, please refer to the compensation discussions contained within our definitive proxy statement for our 2026 annual meeting of stockholders incorporated herein by reference.

    Supplemental Liquidity Measure—Adjusted EBITDA

As supplemental information, we provide information regarding Adjusted EBITDA, which we define as economic net income before net interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP liquidity measure that we provide in addition to, but not as a substitute for, cash flows from operating activities. It should be noted that our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be consistent with Adjusted EBITDA as calculated by other companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is a useful liquidity metric because it indicates our ability to make further investments in our business, service debt and meet working capital requirements.

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The following table reconciles our U.S. GAAP net income attributable to controlling interests to EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA to economic net income for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:

Years Ended December 31,

($ in millions)

2025

2024

2023

Net income attributable to controlling interests

$

80.0 

$

85.0 

65.8 

Net interest expense to third parties

18.0 

15.9 

13.5 

Income tax expense

36.6 

38.9 

29.4 

Depreciation and amortization

16.6 

18.5 

17.3 

EBITDA

$

151.2 

$

158.3 

126.0 

Non-cash compensation costs, including revaluation of Acadian LLC key employee-owned equity and profit interests

50.7 

24.2 

1.2 

(Gain) loss on seed and co-investments

(9.4)

(6.5)

(2.9)

Restructuring(1)

(1.0)

1.1 

9.5 

Capital transaction costs

1.4 

— 

— 

Adjusted EBITDA

192.9 

177.1 

133.8 

ENI net interest expense to third parties

(9.6)

(11.9)

(11.8)

Depreciation and amortization(2)

(19.6)

(19.0)

(18.6)

Tax on economic net income

(46.1)

(40.4)

(27.7)

Economic net income

$

117.6 

$

105.8 

75.7 

(1)Included in restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2025 are $(1.0) million of severance-related items. Included in restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2024 are $(1.0) million of severance-related items, $0.9 million costs associated with the wind-down of the MACS business in the standalone format and $1.3 million costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent. Included in restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2023 are $7.3 million of severance costs, $0.9 million of legal-related restructuring costs at the Hold Co and $1.3 million of costs associated with the transfer of an insurance policy from our former parent.

(2)Includes non-cash equity-based award amortization expense.

For a full discussion regarding the items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA above and the calculation of economic net income, refer to “—Non-GAAP Supplemental Performance Measure—Economic Net Income and Segment Analysis.”

Limitations of Adjusted EBITDA

As a non-GAAP, unaudited liquidity measure and derivation of EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA has certain material limitations. It does not include cash costs associated with capital transactions and excludes certain U.S. GAAP expenses that fall outside the definition of EBITDA. Each of these categories of expense represents costs to us of doing business, and therefore any measure that excludes any or all of these categories of expense has material limitations.

Future Capital Needs

We believe that our available cash and cash equivalents to be generated from operations, supplemented by short-term and long-term financing, as necessary, will be sufficient to fund current operations and capital requirements for at least the next twelve months, as well as our day-to-day operations and future investment requirements. Our ability to secure short-term and long-term financing in the future will depend on several factors, including our future profitability, our relative levels of debt and equity and the overall condition of the credit markets.

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Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Obligations

Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, we occasionally enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations and warranties and which provide general indemnifications. Our maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against us that have not yet occurred.

Off-Balance Sheet Obligations

Off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by the SEC, include certain contractual arrangements pursuant to which a company has an obligation, such as certain contingent obligations, certain guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity, certain derivative instruments classified as equity or material variable interests in unconsolidated entities that provide financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support. Disclosure is required for any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. We generally do not enter into off-balance sheet arrangements, other than those described in “Contractual Obligations” as well as Note 5 and Note 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 herein, “Variable Interest Entities” and “Commitments and Contingencies”, respectively.

Contractual Obligations

We have material future cash requirements from contractual and other obligations relating primarily to third party borrowings, operating lease obligations, and equity and profits interests repurchase obligations.

As of December 31, 2025, we had third party borrowing obligations totaling $200.0 million. This balance consists of the entire principal amount of our Delayed Draw Term Loan, which will become due October 28, 2028. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures pertaining to our third party borrowings.

As of December 31, 2025, we had operating lease payment obligations of $69.8 million. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of future maturities and additional disclosures pertaining to our operating lease obligations.

As of December 31, 2025, we had contractual obligations with respect to the funding of Acadian LLC equity and profits interests repurchases. Our actual funding of these potential repurchases of Acadian LLC equity and profits interests is limited to only that portion that may be put to us by Acadian LLC key employees or that we decide to call to facilitate succession planning at Acadian LLC, which is typically capped annually such that we do not repurchase more than we can reasonably recycle by re-granting the interests in lieu of cash variable compensation owed to Acadian LLC key employees. Any equity or profits interests repurchased by us are used to fund a portion of variable compensation awards resulting in savings in cash variable compensation that offset the negative cash effect of repurchasing the equity. We expect to pay $2.9 million in the next 12 months for these obligations. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the Company's equity and profit interest compensation obligations. Historically, repurchases of Acadian LLC equity and profits interests have been funded entirely by the variable compensation pool, resulting in a neutral impact to our cash position.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies.” The accounting policies and estimates that we believe are the most critical to an understanding of our results of operations and financial condition are those that require complex management judgment regarding matters that are highly uncertain at the time policies were applied and estimates were made. These accounting policies and estimates are discussed below; however, the additional accounting policy detail in the footnote previously referenced is important to the discussion of each of the topics. Different estimates reasonably could have been used in the current period that would have had a material effect on these Consolidated Financial Statements, and changes in these estimates are likely to occur from period-to-period in the future.

Share-based compensation plans

We recognize the cost of all share-based payments to directors, senior management and employees, including grants of restricted stock and stock options, as compensation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the respective vesting periods.

Awards made under our equity plans are accounted for as equity-settled, and the grant date fair value is recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding contribution to additional paid-in capital. Valuation of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is determined based on our closing share price as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the measurement date. For RSU awards with a performance vesting condition, grant date fair value is determined based on our closing share price as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange on the measurement date, and compensation expense is adjusted each period to reflect the probability of achievement of the performance condition throughout the vesting period. For stock options and RSU awards with a market vesting condition, a Monte-Carlo simulation model is used to determine the fair value. Key inputs for the model include: assumed reinvestment of dividends, risk-free interest rate and expected volatility. All excess tax benefits and deficiencies on share-based payment awards are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, the tax effects of exercised or vested awards are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur and excess tax benefits or deficiencies are classified with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We recognize forfeitures as they occur.

We have compensation arrangements Acadian LLC whereby in exchange for continued service, Acadian LLC equity is either purchased by or granted to key employees and may be repurchased either by Acadian LLC key employees or by us at a future date, subject to service requirements having been met. Awards of equity made to key employees are accounted for as cash-settled, with the fair value recognized as compensation expense over the requisite service period, with a corresponding liability carried within other compensation liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets until the award is settled by us. The fair values of the liabilities are determined with the assistance of third party valuation specialists using discounted cash flow analyses which incorporate assumptions for the forecasted earnings information, growth rates, market risk adjustments, discount rates, when award holders maximize value and post-vesting restrictions. While we believe all assumptions used in determining the fair value of the liabilities are reasonable and appropriate, certain assumptions are subjective and changes in these assumptions could result in different fair value amounts.

Taxation

We file tax returns directly with the U.S., U.K., state tax authorities and in other foreign jurisdictions. These tax returns represent our filing positions within each jurisdiction and settle our tax liabilities. Each jurisdiction has the right to audit those tax returns and may take different positions with respect to income and expense allocations and taxable earnings determinations. Because the determinations of our annual provisions are subject to judgments and estimates, it is possible that actual results will vary from those recognized in our Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result, it is likely that additions to, or reductions of, income tax expense will occur each year for prior reporting periods as actual tax returns and tax audits are settled.

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Deferred tax assets, net of any associated valuation allowance, have been recognized based on management's belief that taxable income of the appropriate character, more likely than not, will be sufficient to realize the benefits of these assets over time. In the event that actual results differ from our expectations, or if our historical trends of positive operating income changes, we may be required to record a valuation allowance on some or all of these deferred tax assets, which may have a significant effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In assessing whether a valuation allowance should be established against a deferred tax asset, we consider the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carryback and carry forward periods, among other factors.

We utilize a specific recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the Consolidated Financial Statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The prescribed two-step process for evaluating a tax position involves first determining whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authorities. If it is, the second step then requires a company to measure this tax position benefit as the largest cumulative amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits and related interest and penalties are adjusted periodically to reflect changing facts and circumstances.

Recent Accounting Developments

See discussion of Recent Accounting Developments in Note 2 of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.