MKS INC (MKSI) Business

Item 1. Business

MKS Inc., formerly known as MKS Instruments, Inc. (“MKS,” the “Company,” “our,” or “we”), was founded in 1961 as a Massachusetts corporation. We enable technologies that transform our world. We deliver foundational technology solutions to leading edge semiconductor manufacturing, electronics and packaging, and specialty industrial applications. We apply our broad science and engineering capabilities to create instruments, subsystems, systems, process control solutions and specialty chemicals technology that improve process performance, optimize productivity and enable unique innovations for many of the world’s leading technology and industrial companies. Our solutions are critical to addressing the challenges of miniaturization and complexity in advanced device manufacturing by enabling increased power, speed, feature enhancement and optimized connectivity. Our solutions are also critical to addressing ever-increasing performance requirements across a wide array of specialty industrial applications.

Where You Can Find More Information

We file reports, proxy statements and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our SEC filings are available to you on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Our website is http://www.mks.com. We are not including the information contained in our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available free of charge through our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.

Markets and Applications

Since our inception, we have focused on satisfying the needs of our customers by establishing long-term collaborative relationships. We have a diverse base of customers across our three end-markets: semiconductor, electronics and packaging, and specialty industrial.

We have developed the following two product strategies that have been instrumental in delivering value to our customers and helping them solve their most complex problems:

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Our Surround the Wafer® offering includes a wide range of products, design and development services, system-level integration, training programs, calibration, service, and repair for our semiconductor customers. This unique combination of products and services enables our customers to solve the challenges of ultra-thin layers, new materials and complex 3D structures while maintaining quality and productivity levels. We have cultivated this strategy over the past two decades by adding critical enabling technologies to our portfolio. The Surround the Wafer offering is an update from what we previously referred to as Surround the Chamber®, given our broadened exposure in photonics solutions for lithography, metrology and inspection, which extends beyond just the vacuum chamber.

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Our Surround the Workpiece® offering includes product design and development, system-level integration, research and development, system, subsystem and component selection, and maintenance, repair and calibration services in the field of laser-based guidance and control for manufacturing processes. In connection with the Atotech Acquisition (as defined below), we introduced an extension of the Surround the Workpiece offering called Optimize the Interconnect®, which refers to MKS’ combined laser drilling and chemistry solutions geared towards accelerating innovation and customers’ time-to-market in printed circuit board (“PCB”) and package substrate manufacturing.

At our core, we are a foundational enabler of miniaturization and complexity. We believe there are three secular trends benefiting MKS. First is the impact of a world that continues to be increasingly interconnected, driving the need for smaller, more powerful and feature-rich advanced electronic devices, which is enabled by semiconductor manufacturing, laser processing and chemistry solutions. Second is the increasing complexity of technology transitions in semiconductor, PCB and package substrate manufacturing, which leads to inflections, such as extreme vertical structures and process engineering at the atomic level, as well as increased interconnect density and smaller features. Third is the accelerating need for laser-based precision manufacturing techniques, which are enabled by lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control, vibration control and systems solutions. These inflections provide additional growth opportunities for MKS, as we believe we are uniquely positioned to deliver the broadest and deepest portfolio of solutions.

We believe our long history and deep expertise in solving critical problems position us well to address these challenges for our customers.

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Semiconductor Market

We are a critical solutions provider for semiconductor manufacturing. Our products are used in major semiconductor processing steps, such as deposition, etching, cleaning, lithography, metrology, and inspection. The semiconductor industry continually faces new challenges, as products become smaller, more powerful and highly mobile. Ultra-thin layers, smaller critical dimensions, new materials, 3D structures, and the ongoing need for higher yield and productivity drive the need for tighter process measurement and control, all of which MKS supports. We believe we are the broadest critical subsystem provider in the wafer fabrication equipment (“WFE”) ecosystem and address over 85% of the market. We characterize our broad and unique offering as Surround the Wafer® to reflect the technology enablement we provide across almost every major process in semiconductor manufacturing today.

The semiconductor market is subject to rapid demand shifts, which are difficult to predict, and we cannot be certain as to the timing or extent of future demand in the semiconductor capital equipment industry. In addition to these rapid demand shifts, the semiconductor capital equipment industry has recently been subject to significant trade restrictions, especially in key markets, including China, which has impacted our sales. Due in part to these demand shifts, including AI-related demand and trade restrictions, our semiconductor market revenue sequentially increased 13% in 2025, sequentially increased 1% in 2024, but sequentially decreased 28% in 2023. Approximately 43%, 42%, and 41% of our net revenues for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, were from sales to our semiconductor market.

Electronics and Packaging Market

We are a foundational solutions provider for the electronics and packaging market. Our portfolio includes photonics components, laser drilling systems, electronics chemistries and plating equipment that are critical for the manufacturing of PCBs and package substrates, and critical to wafer level packaging (“WLP”) applications. Similar to the semiconductor industry, the PCB, package substrate and WLP industries continue to demand smaller features, greater density, and better performance. We believe we are well positioned to support innovation in advanced technologies that underpin the growing adoption of AI. We characterize our complementary offering of laser systems and chemistry solutions as Optimize the Interconnect®, to reflect the unique technology enablement we provide at the Interconnect level within PCBs, package substrates and WLPs. Approximately 28%, 26%, and 25% of our net revenues for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, were from sales to our electronics and packaging market.

Specialty Industrial Market

Our strategy in the specialty industrial market is to leverage our domain expertise and proprietary technologies across a broad array of applications in industrial, life and health sciences, and research and defense markets.

Industrial

Industrial encompasses a wide range of diverse applications, including chemistries for functional coatings, surface finishing and wear resistance in the automobile industry, vacuum solutions for synthetic diamond manufacturing and photonics for solar manufacturing. Other applications include vacuum and photonics solutions for light emitting diode and laser diode manufacturing.

Life and Health Sciences

Our products for life and health sciences are used in a diverse array of applications, including bioimaging, medical instrument sterilization, medical device manufacturing, analytical, diagnostic and surgical instrumentation, consumable medical supply manufacturing and pharmaceutical production.

Research and Defense

Our products for research and defense are sold to government, university and industrial laboratories for applications involving research and development in materials science, physical chemistry, photonics, optics and electronics materials. Our products are also sold for monitoring and defense applications including surveillance, imaging and infrastructure protection.

Approximately 29%, 32%, and 34% of our net revenues for 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, were from sales to our specialty industrial market.

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International Markets

A significant portion of our net revenues is from sales to customers in international markets. For 2025, 2024, and 2023, international net revenues accounted for approximately 81%, 78%, and 75%, respectively, of our total net revenues. We report geographical net revenues based on the shipped-to location of the end customer. A significant portion of our international net revenues was from customers in China, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Japan. We expect international net revenues will continue to account for a significant percentage of total net revenues for the foreseeable future.

Long-lived assets located outside of the United States accounted for approximately 70% and 59% of our total long-lived assets in 2025 and 2024, respectively. Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment, net, right-of-use assets and certain other assets.

Reportable Segments, Products and Service Offerings

We are divided into three divisions: the Vacuum Solutions Division (“VSD”), the Photonics Solutions Division (“PSD”) and the Materials Solutions Division (“MSD”). We group our product offerings by our reportable segments: VSD, PSD and MSD. Global Service represents our various service offerings across our three divisions.

VSD delivers foundational technology solutions for semiconductor manufacturing, electronics and packaging and specialty industrial applications. VSD products are derived from our core competencies in vacuum technologies, including pressure measurement and control, flow measurement and control, gas and vapor delivery, gas composition analysis, electronic control technology, reactive gas generation and delivery, power generation and delivery, and fiber optic temperature and position sensing. Its products include:

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Pressure and Vacuum Control Solutions Products, which consist of direct and indirect pressure measurement.

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Materials Delivery Solutions Products, which include flow and valve technologies as well as integrated pressure measurement and control subsystems, which provide customers with precise control capabilities.

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Power Solutions Products, which consist of microwave and radio frequency power delivery systems, radio frequency matching networks, metrology products, and fiber optic temperature and position sensors. Our power delivery solutions are used to provide energy to various etching, stripping and deposition processes.

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Plasma and Reactive Gas Products, which consist of remote plasma and ozone generators that create reactive species. A reactive gas is used to facilitate various chemical reactions in the processing of thin films, including the deposition of films, etching and cleaning of films and surface modifications.

PSD provides a broad range of instruments, components and subsystems to leading edge semiconductor manufacturing, electronics and packaging and specialty industrial applications. PSD products are derived from our core competencies in lasers, photonics, optics, precision motion control and vibration control. Its products include:

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Laser Products, which consist of continuous wave and pulsed nanosecond and ultrafast lasers based on diode, diode-pumped solid-state and fiber laser technologies.

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Photonics Products, which include precision motion control, optical tables and vibration isolation systems, photonic instruments, high-performance optics and optical assemblies, opto-mechanical components, laser and LED measurement products, including laser power and energy meters and laser beam profilers and complex optical and photonic subsystems.

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Laser-based systems for PCB manufacturing, which include flexible interconnect PCB processing systems and high-density interconnect (“HDI”) solutions for the creation of blind micro-vias necessary for the manufacturing of PCBs (flexible, rigid-flexible, multilayer, HDI) and package substrates.

MSD develops leading process and manufacturing technologies for advanced surface modification, electroless and electrolytic plating, and surface finishing. Applying a comprehensive systems-and-solutions approach, MSD's portfolio includes chemistry, equipment and services for innovative and high-technology applications in our electronics and packaging and specialty industrial markets. Its products include:

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Advanced chemical processes and production equipment, for the manufacturing of PCBs, package substrates and wafers used in smartphones, computers, other consumer electronics, server and data centers, including infrastructure related to AI, automotive electronics, and the medical and industrial industries.

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Advanced chemical processes and production equipment for decorative and functional surface finishing, which include decorative, corrosion-protective, and wear-resistant coatings for various end markets, such as automotive, construction, energy, household appliance and heavy machinery.

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Advanced chemical processes for paint support applications, including pretreatment, stripping and overspray treatment for various end markets such as automotive, construction, aviation, heavy machinery and household appliance.

For further information on our segments, see Note 20 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Global Service includes:

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Installation services and training for many of our products.

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On-site services for maintenance and repair of equipment and critical subsystems.

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Technical support offices and technology centers located near many of our customers’ facilities.

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Repair and calibration services at internal service depots and authorized service providers located worldwide.

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Warranties on our products typically range from one to three years, with the majority of the warranties on our products ranging from one to two years. We typically provide warranties on our repair services for periods ranging from 90 days to up to one year, depending upon the type of repair. We also offer extended warranties on our products ranging from one to five years.

Customers

We sell our products and services to thousands of customers worldwide, in a wide range of end markets. Our top ten customers accounted for 35%, 32% and 30% of net revenues for 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. None of our customers in 2025, 2024 or 2023 accounted for greater than 10% of net revenues.

Sales and Marketing

Our worldwide sales and marketing organizations are critical to our strategy of maintaining close relationships with a wide array of customers across a diverse set of advanced applications, including semiconductor capital equipment manufacturers, semiconductor device manufacturers, PCB and package substrate manufacturers, and customers across a range of specialty industrial applications. We market and sell our products and services through our global direct sales organization, an international network of independent distributors and sales representatives, our websites and product catalogs. We maintain a marketing staff that identifies customer requirements, assists in product planning and specifications, and focuses on future trends in the markets we serve.

Research and Development

Our products incorporate sophisticated technologies to measure, monitor, deliver, analyze, power, control and improve complex semiconductor and advanced manufacturing processes, thereby enhancing uptime, yield and throughput for our customers. We also offer a broad portfolio of specialty chemistry solutions for advanced surface modification, electroless and electrolytic plating, surface finishing, functional coating and corrosion resistance applications. MSD is supported by 15 state-of-the-art global technology centers, which are used to conduct extensive research and development in order to anticipate future industry requirements.

We continue to develop our products as we strive to meet our customers’ evolving needs. We have developed, and continue to develop, new products to address industry trends, such as the shrinking of integrated circuit critical dimensions and technology inflections, and, in the flat panel display and solar markets, the transition to larger substrate sizes, which require more advanced processing and process control technology, the continuing drive toward more complex and accurate components and devices within the handset, tablet and high performance computing markets, the growth in units and via counts in the HDI PCB and package substrate markets, the industry transition to battery-powered vehicles in the automotive market, and the advancement of AI. In addition, we have developed, and continue to develop, products that support the migration to new classes of materials, ultra-thin layers, and 3D structures that are used in small geometry manufacturing. In our chemistry and equipment plating businesses, a majority of our research and development investment supports existing customers' product improvement needs and their short-term research and development goals, which enables us to pioneer new high-value solutions while limiting commercial risk.

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We involve our marketing, engineering, manufacturing and sales personnel in the development of new products in order to reduce the time to market for new products. Our employees also work closely with our customers’ development personnel, helping us to identify and define future technical needs on which to focus research and development efforts. We support research at academic institutions targeted at advances in materials science, semiconductor process development and photonics.

Our research and development expenses were $299 million, $271 million and $288 million for 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our research and development efforts include numerous projects, none of which are individually material, and generally have a duration of 3 to 36 months, depending upon whether the product is an enhancement of existing technology or a new product. Our current initiatives include projects to enhance the performance characteristics of older products, to develop new products and to integrate various technologies into subsystems.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing activities for VSD and PSD include the assembly and testing of components and subassemblies, which are integrated into our products. Manufacturing activities for MSD consist primarily of the production of chemicals through the mixing of substances and metals to form solutions, and the manufacturing of a range of plating equipment to customer specifications, which utilize these chemicals. Our plating equipment manufacturing process includes design and development, factory installation configuration, assembly and testing.

Our manufacturing facilities are located in Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Romania, Singapore, Slovenia, South Korea, Taiwan and the United States. We are also currently in the process of building a new manufacturing facility located in Thailand and fitting out a new manufacturing facility located in Malaysia. In addition, we rely on significant subcontracted operations in Mexico and selected contract manufacturers in Asia. Our business depends on the timely supply of products and services that meet the rapidly changing technical and volume requirements of our customers, which depends in part on the timely delivery of chemicals, parts, components and subassemblies from suppliers, including contract manufacturers. We purchase a wide range of electronic, optical, mechanical and electrical components, some of which are designed to our specifications. For chemical production, we purchase our substances, metals, and compounds from a global supply base. The materials we buy range from commodities, which we buy in bulk, to small quantities of specialty compounds. We consider our lean manufacturing techniques and responsiveness to customers’ significantly fluctuating product demands to be a competitive advantage.

Backlog

We generally schedule production of our products based upon our customers’ delivery requirements. Lead times for many of our products are very short, as a large portion of our orders are received and shipped within 90 days. Some of the plating equipment manufactured by MSD has longer lead times of up to 12 months. In many cases, orders may be subject to cancellation or rescheduling by the customer with limited or no penalty. Our backlog at any particular date, therefore, is not necessarily indicative of actual sales which may be generated for any succeeding period. Historically, our backlog levels have fluctuated based upon the ordering patterns of our customers and changes in our manufacturing capacity.

Competition

The market for our products is cyclical and highly competitive. Principal competitive factors include product quality, performance and price, historical customer relationships, breadth of product line, ease of use, manufacturing capabilities and responsiveness, and customer service and support. Although we believe that we compete favorably with respect to these factors, we can make no assurances that we will continue to do so.

We encounter substantial competition in most of our product lines, although no single competitor competes with us across all product lines. Certain of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than we do. In some cases, competitors are smaller than we are but are well established in specific product niches.

For example, in VSD, Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. offers products that compete with our power solutions, plasma and reactive gas and sensing products. Inficon, Inc. offers products that compete with our pressure and vacuum control solutions products. Hitachi Ltd., Horiba Ltd., Brooks Instrument and VAT, Inc. offer products that compete with our materials delivery solutions products.

In PSD, Trumpf Group, Lumentum Holdings Inc., IPG Photonics Corporation, EdgeWave GmbH and Amplitude Laser Group offer products that compete with our laser products. Coherent Corp., Excelitas Technologies Corp., Jenoptik AG and Thorlabs, Inc. offer products that compete with our laser and photonics products. Sigma Koki Co., Ltd. and PI miCos GmbH offer products that compete with our photonics products. Our laser-based systems for PCB manufacturing primarily compete with laser-based systems provided by Via Mechanics, Ltd., EO Technics Co., Ltd. and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.

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In MSD, Element Solutions Inc., Qnity Electronics, Inc., Uyemura, JCU International, Inc. and Okuno Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. offer products that compete with our chemistry products. Schmid Group, Process Automation International Limited, Top Creation Machines Co., Ltd., Universal Circuit Board Equipment Co., Ltd., Almex Technologies Inc. and Manz Asia offer products that compete with our plating equipment products.

Sources and Availability of Materials, Parts and Components

We use various suppliers and contract manufacturers to supply materials, parts and components for manufacturing and support of our product lines. Although our intention is to establish multiple sources of supply whenever practicable, we have sole or limited source supply arrangements for certain materials, parts and components, such as certain metals and electronic components. Certain of our sole or limited source supply arrangements are the result of “copy exact” requirements of our customers. We may not be able to procure these materials, parts and components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and quality within a reasonable time, or at all. The risk of loss or interruption of this supply could impact our ability to deliver certain products on a timely basis. For additional information about risks related to our supply chain, please refer to our Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report.

Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and license agreements to establish and protect our proprietary rights. As of December 31, 2025, we owned 585 U.S. patents and 2,217 foreign patents that expire at various dates through 2044. As of December 31, 2025, we had 150 pending U.S. patent applications. Foreign counterparts of certain U.S. applications have been filed or may be filed at the appropriate time.

We require each of our employees, including our executive officers, to enter into standard agreements pursuant to which the employee agrees to keep confidential our proprietary information and to assign to us all inventions while they are employed by us.

Government Regulations

We are subject to various federal, state, local and international laws and regulations relating to the development, manufacture, sale and distribution of our products and services, and it is our policy to comply with the laws in every jurisdiction in which we conduct business. Regulations include, but are not limited to, those related to the environment, trade, corruption, bribery, import and export controls, competition, product safety, workplace health and safety, employment, labor and data privacy. The following describes certain significant regulations that may have a material effect on our capital expenditures, earnings and competitive position. For additional information about risks related to government regulations, please refer to “Risk Factors–Legal, Tax, Regulatory and Compliance Risks” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Trade Compliance

We are subject to trade compliance laws in both the United States and other jurisdictions where we operate, including export regulations such as the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, and the International Traffic in Arms Regulation, administered by the Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls.

Environmental Regulations

We are subject to various, federal, state, local and international laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, including those governing discharges of pollutants into the air, water and land, the reporting, generation, use, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous substances, waste and other materials and the cleanup of contaminated sites. These environmental regulations include the European Union Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals and the Toxic Substances Control Act in the United States and the Technical Standards on Environmental Risk Assessment and Control of Chemical Substances (2024) and List of Chemicals under Priority Control in China.

Human Capital

In order to compete and succeed in highly competitive markets and industries that are subject to rapid technological change, we believe it is critical to attract, motivate and retain a dedicated, talented and innovative team of employees. As part of these efforts, we strive to foster an inclusive and welcoming community, invest in continuous learning and development, engage meaningfully with employees, offer a competitive compensation and benefits program and provide a safe and healthy workplace.

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As of December 31, 2025, we had a total workforce of approximately 10,300 individuals, excluding contracted employees. We have sites in 37 countries, with 33% of our employees located in the Asia-Pacific region, 34% located in Europe, the Middle East and India and 33% located in the Americas. Of our total workforce, approximately 10,200 were employees and approximately 100 were temporary workers. Of our total workforce, 18% work in research and development, 55% work in operations, manufacturing, service and quality assurance, and 27% work in sales, order administration, marketing, finance, human resources, legal, information technology, general management and other administrative functions.

Culture and Belonging

At MKS, we are committed to fostering a culture grounded in respect, belonging, and merit, where employees are empowered to contribute fully and perform at their best. We believe that a workplace that values different perspectives, experiences, and ways of thinking strengthens collaboration, drives innovation, and supports long-term business performance. Our global Culture and Belonging strategy is aligned with our corporate values and business objectives and is designed to support an engaged, high-performing workforce across all regions in which we operate.

To support this commitment, we advance a number of programs and practices, including the following:

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Inclusion Academy, a structured enterprise learning framework designed to build capability in inclusive leadership, communication, and collaboration. Launched in 2025, the Inclusion Academy includes various facilitated workshops such as Inclusive Leadership, Own Your Voice, and Inclusive Hiring & Interviewing. Offerings are scalable and can be tailored by management level and function to address specific business and workforce needs while maintaining consistent global standards.

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4C: Cross-Cultural Communication & Collaboration, an enterprise-wide learning program focused on strengthening cross-cultural effectiveness in a geographically and functionally diverse organization. The program provides practical tools to support communication, feedback, trust-building, persuasion, and decision-making across cultural contexts and is designed to improve alignment, execution, and collaboration across global teams.

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Employee Resource Groups, which are open to all employees and provide opportunities for professional development, mentoring, community impact, and dialogue that strengthen engagement and belonging across the organization.

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MentorConnect, MKS’ enterprise-wide mentoring program, which facilitates knowledge sharing, professional development, and connection across functions, geographies, and levels of the organization.

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Comprehensive analyses of pay practices in our major regions of operations to identify and, if needed, rectify any disparities promptly and effectively. Our most recent global compensation analysis has resulted in equitable pay for our workforce with minimal adjustments.

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Consistent with our Corporate Governance Guidelines, we actively seek diverse candidates for the pool from which our Board of Director nominees are chosen.

Through these efforts, we aim to cultivate a work environment where employees feel respected, supported, and connected to our shared purpose, while reinforcing a culture of accountability, performance, and continuous improvement that supports MKS’ long-term success.

Learning and Development

MKS remains steadfast in its dedication to fostering learning and professional growth. We offer our employees a comprehensive catalog of programs, courses and resources aimed at building leadership capabilities and personal effectiveness. Our performance management framework is designed to provide ongoing, actionable feedback and facilitate dynamic career development conversations throughout the year.

We extend financial assistance for higher education to eligible employees, including support for college and graduate studies. Additionally, we ensure accessibility to online learning resources via LinkedIn Learning for all employees, cultivating professional development.

Employee Engagement

MKS remains dedicated to fostering meaningful connections with its employees. In 2025, MKS conducted its fifth annual global employee engagement survey, with a record 91% participation rate. The survey findings were analyzed and shared with our President and Chief Executive Officer, the executive leadership team and our Board of Directors. Comprehensive communication of the results was extended to all employees and supplemented with executive videos and both in-person and virtual focus groups

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to pinpoint prevailing themes. Leveraging these themes and data points, tailored action items were created to encourage meaningful change, with corporate initiatives focusing on innovation and cross-departmental collaboration.

Additionally, our executive leadership team routinely engages in direct communication with employees worldwide, ensuring alignment with the Company's strategic goals. Our executive leadership team is committed to continuously enhancing MKS’ workplace environment and steering organizational growth, with the annual engagement survey serving as a pivotal component for gathering employee insights.

Compensation and Benefits

MKS is committed to providing total compensation packages that attract, motivate and retain our employees, as well as recognizing and rewarding employees’ sustained performance and results. We also maintain a global flexible work policy. We are committed to ensuring that these total compensation packages are externally competitive and internally equitable, while supporting our business plans and strategies.

As employee turnover is an indicator of employee satisfaction, we monitor turnover globally. MKS has a very stable and committed workforce, as evidenced by low voluntary turnover. Our voluntary turnover for the year ended December 31, 2025 was 6%. Our average employee tenure as of December 31, 2025 was more than ten years.

Health and Safety

MKS is committed to providing a safe and healthy workplace for all employees. We accomplish this through strict compliance with applicable laws and regulations regarding workplace safety, including recognition and control of workplace hazards, tracking injury and illness rates, utilizing a global travel risk management program and maintaining detailed emergency and business continuity plans. We recently launched two new safety programs aimed at raising awareness among leaders and mid-level management: Safety Toolbox Talks and Safety Moments. We also provide mandatory environmental, health and safety training to ensure all employees are provided with the education to perform their jobs safely and to protect the environment.

We have instituted MEHS, a formal Global MKS Management System for Environmental, Health, and Safety, to protect our employees, other stakeholders, and the environment. This system is structured around four strategic pillars: foundation and structure; operational discipline; mindset and culture; and governance and compliance.

In addition, we offer employees and eligible family members a full range of health and wellness programs, as well as many clinical and administrative services.

Additional information regarding MKS’ activities related to its people and sustainability can be found in our Environmental, Social, Governance Report, which is accessible through the Environmental, Social and Governance section of our website. Our Environmental, Social, Governance Report is updated periodically. None of the information on, or accessible through, MKS’ website is part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or is incorporated by reference herein.