grepcent public filings, reorganized for comparison

Finwise Bancorp (FINW) FY 2022 MD&A

Verbatim Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis from Finwise Bancorp's 10-K for fiscal year 2022. Filing date: 2023-03-30. Report date: 2022-12-31. Accession: 0001140361-23-014828.

This page reproduces the company's own Item 7 MD&A text from the linked SEC filing. It is filer text, not grepcent analysis, scoring, or investment advice.

Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high.

Company profile: FINW · All MD&A years: index · Previous year: FY 2021 · Next year: FY 2023

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes
thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this Report.

Executive Summary

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2022, decreased $6.5 million to $25.1 million when compared to the prior year due primarily to an increase in the provision for loan losses of $5.5 million
as a result of increased charge off rates in our Strategic Programs loan portfolio and an aggregate increase of $9.2 million for all categories of non-interest expenses as the Company continues to build its operating infrastructure by adding
staff in our information technology and security division to support enhancements in the infrastructure as well as an increase in contractual bonuses paid relating to the expansion of our Strategic Programs in the first half of 2022. Partially
offsetting these expense increases were increases in non-interest income of $5.6 million, mainly due to increases in our Strategic Program fees and gain on the sale of loans, net, as well as an increase in net interest income of $2.9 million due
primarily to increased interest rates and loan volumes.

The net interest margin was 14.04% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 15.10% for the prior year. The decline in net interest margin was due primarily to a $44.7 million increase in
the average balances of interest earning assets along with lower average yields related to the loans held for sale portfolio.

Total assets increased by $20.6 million to $400.8 million as of December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily attributable to a $26.1 million increase in net loans
receivable, a $14.8 million increase in cash and cash equivalents, a $5.0 million increase in operating lease assets, and a $6.2 million increase in net premises and equipment partially offset by a $37.2 million decrease in Strategic Program
loans held-for-sale.

Originations of Strategic Program loans held-for-sale increased by $638.9 million to $7.0 billion the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year due mainly to the continued maturation
of multiple platforms.

Results of Operations

Net Income

The following table sets forth the principal components of net income for the periods indicated.

For the Years Ended December 31,
($ in thousands)20222021
Interest income$52,329$49,243
Interest expense(1,434)(1,265)
Provision for loan losses(13,519)(8,039)
Non-interest income37,41131,844
Non-interest expense(38,756)(29,511)
Provision for income taxes(10,916)(10,689)
Net income25,11531,583

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Net income for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $25.1 million, a decrease of $6.5 million, or 20.5%, from net income of $31.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was
primarily due to an increase of $5.5 million, or 68.2%, in the provision for loan losses primarily due to increased charge offs in our Strategic Programs loan portfolio and an aggregate increase of $9.2 million for all categories on non-interest
expenses, or 31.3%, as the Company continues to build on its infrastructure and Strategic Programs. Partially offsetting these expense increases were increases in non-interest income of $5.6 million, or 17.5%, mainly due to increases in our
Strategic Program fees and gain on the sale of loans, net, as well as an increase in net interest income of $2.9 million, or 6.1%, due primarily to increased interest rates and loan volumes.

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin Analysis

Net interest income was the primary contributor to our earnings in 2022 and 2021. We believe our net interest income results were enhanced by using FinView™ to identify attractive risk-adjusted
lending opportunities and assist in the selection of Strategic Program loans that we chose to hold for investment. Net interest income is affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities,
referred to as “volume changes.” It is also affected by changes in yields earned on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowed funds, referred to as “rate changes.”

For the year ended December 31, 2022, our net interest income increased $2.9 million, or 6.1% to $50.9 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily due to
increases in both the yield and volume of our loans held for investment portfolio as well as rate increases on our interest-bearing deposits. Interest income grew $3.1 million to $52.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the
prior year, primarily attributable to the growth in the average balance of our loans held for investment portfolio of $10.4 million or 5.2%, as well as a 5.9% increase in yield, to 14.19% from 13.40%, due primarily to interest rate increases in
the indices on which our variable rate loans are priced for the two periods. Interest income generated by interest-bearing deposits increased $1.1 million to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year, due mainly
to the 147 basis points increase in interest yields. Partially offsetting these increases in interest income was a $1.2 million decrease in interest earned on loans held-for-sale to $21.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to
the prior year due to a 542 basis points decrease in the average yield which was partially offset by volume increases in that portfolio.

The net interest margin decreased 106 basis points from 15.10% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to 14.04% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in net interest margin was primarily
attributable to a 14.4% decline in average yield on our loans held for sale, to 32.31% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to 37.73% for the prior year due primarily to decreases in higher yielding loans average balances for the year
ended December 31, 2022. Also contributing to the net interest margin decrease was a 215 basis points increase in the average rate paid on our demand account balances primarily due to higher interest rates for the new HSA deposits from Lively,
Inc., a technology focused Health Savings Account provider.

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Average Balances and Yields. The following table presents average balances for assets and liabilities, the total dollar amounts of interest income from
average interest-earning assets, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, and the resulting average yields and costs. The yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing the income
or expense by the average balances for assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented. Average balances have been calculated using daily averages.

Years Ended December 31,
20222021
($ in thousands)Average BalanceInterestAverage Yield/RateAverage BalanceInterestAverage Yield/Rate
Interest earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non
U.S. central banks and other banks$74,920$1,1801.58%$55,960$610.11%
Investment securities12,4912081.67%3,298471.43%
Loans held for sale65,73721,23732.31%59,52422,46137.73%
Loans held for investment209,35229,70414.19%198,99226,67413.40%
Total interest earning assets362,50052,32914.44%317,77449,24315.50%
Less: ALL(10,816)(7,548)
Non-interest earning assets30,14117,002
Total assets$381,825$327,228
Interest bearing liabilities:
Demand$17,564$5313.02%$6,060$530.87%
Savings7,31070.10%7,897100.13%
Money market accounts26,0541160.45%21,964750.34%
Certificates of deposit71,6617781.09%72,3111,0001.38%
Total deposits122,5891,4321.17%108,2321,1381.05%
Other borrowings56620.35%36,3631270.35%
Total interest bearing liabilities123,1551,4341.16%144,5951,2650.87%
Non-interest bearing deposits114,174107,481
Non-interest bearing liabilities15,78111,392
Shareholders’ equity128,71563,760
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity$381,825$327,228
Net interest income and interest rate spread$50,89513.28%$47,97814.63%
Net interest margin14.04%15.10%
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest- bearing liabilities294.34%219.77%

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Rate/Volume Analysis. The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income. The rate column shows the effects
attributable to changes in rate. The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to changes in both rate and volume that cannot be segregated have been allocated
proportionally based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.

Years Ended December 31,
20222021
Increase (Decrease) Due toIncrease (Decrease) Due to
($ in thousands)RateVolumeTotal​ RateVolumeTotal
Interest income:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve, non-U.S. central banks and other banks$1,092$27$1,119$(219)$79$(140)
Investment securities9152161(6)1913
Loans held-for-sale(4,460)3,236(1,224)(1,990)13,89111,901
Loans held for investment1,6031,4273,0306,7351,2287,963
Total interest income(1,756)4,8423,0864,52015,21719,737
Interest expense:
Demand27020847815(24)(9)
Savings(2)(1)(3)(13)7(6)
Money market accounts251641(113)84(29)
Certificates of deposit(213)(9)(222)(992)591(401)
Other borrowings(125)(125)(2)(44)(46)
Total interest bearing liabilities8089169(1,105)614(491)
Net interest income$(1,836)$4,753$2,917$5,625$14,603$20,228

Provision for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses is a charge to income to bring our ALL to a level deemed appropriate by management and approved by of board of directors. We determine the provision for loan losses
monthly in connection with our monthly evaluation of the adequacy of our ALL. For a description of the factors we considered in determining the ALL see “—Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Condition—Allowance for Loan Losses” and
“—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates—Allowance for Loan Losses.”

Our provision for loan losses was $13.5 million and $8.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase of $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022
compared to the prior year was primarily due to an increase in charge offs related to our Strategic Program loans portfolio.

Noninterest Income

The largest portion of our noninterest income is associated with our Strategic Program fees. Other sources of noninterest income include gain on sale of loans, net, SBA loan servicing fees, change
in fair value on investment in BFG and other miscellaneous fees.

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The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest income:

For the Years Ended December 31,Change
($ in thousands)20222021$%
Noninterest income:
Strategic Program fees$22,467$17,959$4,50825.1%
Gain on sale of loans, net13,5509,6893,86139.8%
SBA loan servicing fees1,6031,15644738.7%
Change in fair value on investment in BFG(478)2,991(3,469)(116.0%)
Other miscellaneous income26949220449.0%
Total noninterest income$37,411$31,844$5,56717.5%

For the year ended December 31, 2022, total noninterest income increased $5.6 million, or 17.5%, to $37.4 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase was primarily due to the
increases in Strategic Program fees and gain on sale of loans, net, and was partially offset by a negative change in fair value on investment in BFG. The increase in Strategic Program fees was primarily due to the increase in loan origination
volume in our Strategic Programs. Strategic Program fees were also positively impacted by the continued maturation of multiple platforms during the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in gain on sale of loans, net was primarily due to an
increase in the number of SBA 7(a) loans sold and the establishment of a new Loan Trailing Fee Asset during the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in fair value on investment in BFG for the year ended December 31, 2022, was primarily due
to a softening in the values of its peer companies under the Guideline Public Company valuation method during the same period.

Noninterest Expense

Noninterest expense has increased as we have grown and as we have expanded and modernized our operational infrastructure and implemented our plan to build an efficient, technology-driven banking
operation with significant capacity for growth.

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the major categories of noninterest expense:

($ in thousands)For the Years Ended December 31,Change
20222021$%
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits$24,489$21,744$2,74512.6%
Professional services5,4541,6703,784226.6%
Occupancy and equipment expenses2,2048821,322149.9%
Impairment of SBA servicing asset1,728800928116.0%
Other operating expenses4,8814,41546610.6%
Total noninterest expense$38,756$29,511$9,24531.3%

For the year ended December 31, 2022, total noninterest expense increased $9.2 million, or 31.3%, to $38.8 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2022,
professional services increased $3.8 million to $5.5 million compared to the prior year due primarily to increased costs relating to services provided in connection with our Strategic Programs and legal expenses mainly related to our public
filings. Salaries and employee benefits increased $2.7 million to $24.5 million compared to the prior year due primarily to an increase in the number of our employees as we continue to increase staffing in connection with our growth plan. The
$0.9 million increase to $1.7 million in the impairment of the SBA servicing asset compared to the prior year was due primarily to a softening of the secondary market for SBA 7(a) loans.

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Financial Condition

The following table summarizes selected components of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

As of December 31,Change
​($ in thousands)20222021$%
Total assets$400,780$380,214$20,5665.4%
Investment securities held to maturity, at cost14,29211,4232,86925.1%
Loans receivable, net224,217198,10226,11513.2%
Deposits242,998251,892(8,894)(3.5%)
PPP Liquidity Facility3141,050(736)(70.1%)
Total shareholders' equity140,459115,44225,01721.7%
Total equity to total assets34.9%30.4%15.0%
Weighted average shares outstanding, basic12,740,93310,169,00525.3%
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted13,218,40310,818,98422.2%

Total assets at December 31, 2022 were $400.8 million, an increase of $20.6 million from December 31, 2021. The increase in total assets was due primarily to increases in our loans receivable, net,
of $26.1 million, cash and due from banks of $14.8 million, operating lease right-of-use asset of $5.0 million, and growth of $6.2 million in premises and equipment primarily due to the buildout of the corporate office. These increases were
partially offset by a decline in the Strategic Programs loans held-for-sale of $37.2 million.

Loan Portfolio

We manage our loan portfolio based on factors that include concentrations per loan program and aggregated portfolio, industry selection and geographies. We also monitor the impact of identified and
estimated losses on capital as well as the pricing characteristics of each product. The following provides a general description and the risk characteristics relevant to each of the business lines. Each loan is assigned a risk grade during the
origination and closing process by credit administration personnel based on criteria described later in this section. We analyze the resulting ratings, as well as other external statistics and factors such as delinquency, to track the migration
performance of the portfolio balances. This ratings analysis is performed at least quarterly.

SBA 7(a) Loans

We originate and service loans partially guaranteed by the SBA under its Section 7(a) loan program. SBA 7(a) loans are made to small businesses and professionals throughout the USA. As of December
31, 2022 and 2021, we had total SBA 7(a) loans of $145.2 million and $142.4 million, respectively, representing 55.8% and 53.6% of our total loans, respectively. Loans are sourced primarily through our referral relationship with BFG. Although BFG
actively markets throughout the USA, because of its physical location in the New York area we have developed a lending presence in the New York and New Jersey geographies. The maximum SBA 7(a) loan amount is $5 million. Underwriting is generally
based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. These loans may be secured by commercial and residential
mortgages as well as liens on business assets. In addition to typical underwriting metrics, we review the nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business and management experience to help us target loans that we believe have
lower credit risk. The SBA 7(a) program generally provides 50%, 75%, 85% and 90% guarantees for eligible SBA 7(a) loans. The guaranty is conditional and covers a portion of the risk of payment default by the borrower, but not the risk of improper
underwriting, closing or servicing by the lender. As such, prudent underwriting, closing and servicing processes are essential to effective utilization of the SBA 7(a) program.

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Historically, we have generally sold the SBA-guaranteed portion (typically 75% of the principal balance) of a majority of the loans we originate at a premium in the secondary market while retaining all servicing rights
and the unguaranteed portion; however, beginning in 2020, we made the decision to drive interest income by retaining a larger amount of the guaranteed portion of these loans.

Commercial, non-real estate

Commercial non-real estate loans consist of loans and leases made to commercial enterprises that are not secured by real estate. As of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we had total
commercial non-real estate loans of $11.5 million and $3.4 million, respectively, representing 4.4% and 1.3% of our total loans, respectively. Any loan, lease, line of credit, or letter of credit (including any unfunded commitments) and any
interest obtained in such loans or leases made by another lender to individuals, sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, or other business enterprises for commercial, industrial, agricultural, or professional purposes, not secured by
real estate, but not for personal expenditure purposes are included in this category. For example, commercial vehicle term loans and commercial working capital term loans. Underwriting is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the
primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow (when applicable) and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. The nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business, management
experience, repayment ability, credit history, ratio calculations and assessment of collateral adequacy are all considerations. These loans are generally secured by liens on business assets. Historically, we have retained these loans and leases
on our balance sheet for investment.

Residential real estate

Residential real estate loans include construction, lot and land development loans that are for the purpose of acquisition and development of property to be improved through the construction of
residential buildings, and loans secured by other residential real estate. As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had total residential real estate loans of $37.8 million and $27.1 million, respectively, representing 14.5% and 10.2% of
our total loans, respectively. Construction loans are usually paid off through the conversion to permanent financing from third-party lending institutions. Lot loans may be paid off as the borrower converts to a construction loan. At the
completion of the construction project, if the loan is converted to permanent financing by us or if scheduled loan amortization begins, it is then reclassified from construction to single-family dwelling. Underwriting of construction and
development loans typically includes analysis of not only the borrower’s financial condition and ability to meet the required debt obligations, but also the general market conditions associated with the area and type of project being funded.
These loans are generally secured by mortgages for residential property located primarily in the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA, and we obtain guarantees from responsible parties. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for
investment.

Strategic Program loans

We, through our Strategic Program service providers, issue, on a nationwide basis, unsecured consumer and secured or unsecured business loans to borrowers within certain approved credit profiles. As
of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we had total Strategic Program loans of $47.8 million and $85.9 million, respectively, representing 18.4% and 32.3% of our total loans. Fluctuations in the balances of the Strategic Program loans we
retain on our books are influenced by management’s current assessments regarding risk management as well as macroeconomic factors. Loans originated through these programs are limited to predetermined Bank underwriting criterion, which has been
approved by our board of directors. The primary form of repayment on these loans is from personal or business cash flow. Business loans may be secured by liens on business assets, as applicable. We have generally sold most of these loans, but as
our capital grows, we may choose to hold more of the funded loans and/or receivables. We reserve the right to sell any portion of funded loans and/or receivables directly to the Strategic Program service providers or other investors. We generally
retain the legal right to service all these loans, but contract with the Strategic Program service provider or another approved sub-servicer to service these loans on our behalf.

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Commercial real estate

Commercial real estate loans include loans to individuals, sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, or other business enterprises for commercial, industrial, agricultural, or professional
purposes, secured by real estate primarily located in the Salt Lake City, Utah MSA, but not for personal expenditure purposes. As of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we had total commercial real estate loans of $12.1 million and $2.4
million, respectively, representing 4.7% and 0.9% of our total loans, respectively. Underwriting is generally based on commercial credit metrics where the primary repayment source is borrower cash flow, secondary is personal guarantor cash flow
(when applicable) and tertiary is the sale of collateral pledged. The nature of the business, use of proceeds, length of time in business, management experience, repayment ability, credit history, ratio calculations and assessment of collateral
adequacy are all considerations. In addition to real estate, these loans may also be secured by liens on business assets. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

Consumer

Consumer lending provides financing for personal, family, or household purposes on a nationwide basis. Most of these loans are originated through our POS platform and come from a variety of sources,
including other approved merchant or dealer relationships and lending platforms. As of December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, we had total consumer loans of $5.8 million, and $4.6 million, respectively, representing 2.2% and 1.7% of our total
loans, respectively. We use a debt-to-income (“DTI”) ratio to determine whether an applicant will be able to service the debt. The DTI ratio compares the applicant’s anticipated monthly expenses and total monthly obligations to the applicant’s
monthly gross income. Our policy is to limit the DTI ratio to 45% after calculating interest payments related to the new loan. Loan officers, at their discretion, may make exceptions to this ratio if the loan is within their authorized lending
limit. DTI ratios of no more than 50% may be approved subject to an increase in interest rate. Strong offsetting factors such as higher discretionary income or large down payments are used to justify exceptions to these guidelines. All exceptions
are documented and reported. While the loans are generally for the purchase of goods which may afford us a purchase money security interest, they are underwritten as if they were unsecured. On larger loans, we may file a Uniform Commercial Code
financing form. Historically, we have retained these loans on our balance sheet for investment.

Loan Portfolio Program Summary

Through our diversification efforts and FinView™, we have built a portfolio that we believe positions us to withstand economic shifts. For example, we focus on industries and loan types that have
historically lower loss rates such as professional, scientific and technical services (including law firms), non-store retailers (e-commerce), and ambulatory healthcare services.

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The following table summarizes our loan portfolio by loan program as of the dates indicated:

As of December 31,
20222021
Amount% of total loansAmount% of total loans
SBA$145,17255.8%$142,39253.6%
Commercial, non real estate11,4844.4%3,4281.3%
Residential real estate37,81514.5%27,10810.2%
Strategic Program loans47,84818.4%85,85032.3%
Commercial real estate12,0634.7%2,4360.9%
Consumer5,8082.2%4,5741.7%
Total$260,190100.0%$265,788100.0%

Loan Maturity and Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates

As of December 31, 2022, $131.4 million, or 55.5%, of the total held for investment loan balance matures in less than five years. Loans maturing in greater than five years totaled $105.2 million as
of December 31, 2022. The variable rate portion of our total held for investment loan portfolio at December 31, 2022 was $184.3 million, or 77.9%.

The following tables detail maturities and sensitivity to interest rate changes for our loan portfolio at December 31, 2022:

At December 31, 2022Remaining Contractual Maturity Held for Investment
($ in thousands)One Year or LessAverage Yield/RateAfter One Year and Through Five YearsAverage Yield/RateAfter Five Years and Through Fifteen YearsAverage Yield/Rate
Fixed rate loans:
SBA$2721.00%$3541.00%$%
Commercial, non-real estate2,6834.97%8,3954.96%3944.79%
Residential real estate3,9245.40%3,5905.50%614.27%
Strategic Program loans16,589113.89%7,66951.27%124.56%
Commercial real estate1,6895.39%1,1025.80%293.87%
Consumer1,8387.57%3,5977.80%6210.31%
Variable rate loans:
SBA9,3358.53%36,7418.53%61,5458.38%
Commercial, non-real estate%%%
Residential real estate29,2428.08%5509.28%4459.23%
Strategic Program loans%%%
Commercial real estate9578.72%2,5258.32%3,9098.27%
Consumer824.56%2291.38%%
Total$66,61134.10%$64,75212.81%$66,4468.36%

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At December 31, 2022Remaining Contractual Maturity Held for Investment
($ in thousands)After Fifteen YearsAverage Yield/RateTotalAverage Yield/Rate
Fixed rate loans:
SBA$%$6261.00%
Commercial, non-real estate123.78%11,4844.96%
Residential real estate34.43%7,5785.44%
Strategic Program loans%24,25994.10%
Commercial real estate83.50%2,8285.53%
Consumer%5,4977.75%
Variable rate loans:
SBA36,9258.20%144,5468.38%
Commercial, non-real estate%%
Residential real estate%30,2378.12%
Strategic Program loans%%
Commercial real estate1,8448.15%9,2358.31%
Consumer%3112.22%
Total$38,7928.20%$236,60116.80%

Nonperforming Assets

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were contractually due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when,
in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether such loans are actually past
due. In general, we place loans on nonaccrual status when they become 90 days past due. We also generally place loans on nonaccrual status if they are less than 90 days past due if the collection of principal or interest is in doubt. When
interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed from income. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent recoveries received (either from payments received from the customer, derived from the
disposition of collateral or from legal action, such as judgment enforcement) exceed liquidation expenses incurred and outstanding principal.

A non-accrual asset may be restored to accrual status when (1) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and we expect repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest, or
(2) when asset otherwise becomes well secured and is not in the process of collection.

Any loan which we deem to be uncollectible, in whole or in part, is charged off to the extent of the anticipated loss. In general, loans that are past due for 90 days or more are charged off unless
the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. We believe our disciplined lending approach and focused management of nonperforming assets has resulted in sound asset quality and timely resolution of problem assets. We have
several procedures in place to assist us in maintaining the overall quality of our loan portfolio. We have established underwriting guidelines to be followed by our loan officers, and we also monitor our delinquency levels for any negative or
adverse trends. There can be no assurance, however, that our loan portfolio will not become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions.

The Company had no nonperforming assets and $0.1 million in troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2022. Total nonperforming assets at December 31, 2021 comprised $0.7 million in nonaccrual
loans and $0.1 million of troubled debt restructurings.

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Credit Risk Profile

We believe that we underwrite loans carefully and thoroughly, limiting our lending activities to those products and services where we have the resources and expertise to lend profitably without
undue credit risk. We require all loans to conform to policy (or otherwise be identified as exceptions to policy and monitored and reported on, at minimum, quarterly) and be granted on a sound and collectable basis. Loans are made with a primary
emphasis on loan profitability, credit risk and concentration exposures.

We are proactive in our approach to identifying and resolving problem loans and are focused on working with the borrowers and guarantors of problem loans to provide loan modifications when
warranted. When considering how to best diversify our loan portfolio, we consider several factors including our aggregate and product-line specific concentration risks, our business line expertise, and the ability of our infrastructure to
appropriately support the product. While certain product lines generate higher net charge-offs, our exposure is carefully monitored and mitigated by our concentration policies and reserved for by the loan loss allowance we maintain. Specifically,
retention of certain Strategic Program loans with higher default rates accounts for a disproportionate amount of our charge-offs. In addition to our oversight of the credit policies and processes associated with these programs, we limit within
our concentration policies the aggregate exposure of these loans as a percentage of the total loan portfolio, carefully monitor certain vintage loss-indicative factors such as first payment default and marketing channels, and appropriately
provision for these balances so that the cumulative charge-off rates remain consistent with management expectations. While the level of nonperforming assets fluctuates in response to changing economic and market conditions, the relative size and
composition of the loan portfolio, and our management’s degree of success in resolving problem assets, we believe our proactive stance to early identification and intervention is the key to successfully managing our loan portfolio.

Accurate and timely loan risk grading is considered a critical component of an effective credit risk management system. Loan grades take into consideration the borrower’s financial condition,
industry trends, and the economic environment. Loan risk grades are changed as necessary to reflect the risk inherent in the loan. Among other things, we use loan risk grading information for loan pricing, risk and collection management and
determining monthly loan loss reserve adequacy. Further, on a quarterly basis, the Loan Committee holds a Loan Risk Grade meeting, wherein all loans in our portfolio are reviewed for accurate risk grading. Any changes are made after the Loan Risk
Grade meeting to provide for accurate reporting. Reporting is achieved in Loan Committee minutes, which minutes are reviewed by the Board. We supplement credit department supervision of the loan underwriting, approval, closing, servicing and risk
grading process with periodic loan reviews by risk department personnel specific to the testing of controls.

We use a grading system to rank the quality of each loan. The grade is periodically evaluated and adjusted as performance dictates. Loan grades 1 through 4 are passing grades, grade 5 is special
mention. Collectively, grades 6 (substandard), 7 (doubtful) and 8 (loss) represent classified loans within the portfolio. The following guidelines govern the assignment of these risk grades. We do not currently grade Strategic Program loans held
for investment due to their small balances and homogenous nature. As credit quality for Strategic Program loans have been highly correlated with delinquency levels, the Strategic Program loans are evaluated collectively for impairment.

Grade 1: Pass - Loans fully secured by deposit accounts. Loans where the borrower has strong sources of repayment, generally 5 years or more of consistent employment (or related field) and income
history. Debt of the borrower is modest relative to the borrower’s financial strength and ability to pay with a DTI ratio of less than 25%. Cash flow is very strong as evidenced by significant discretionary income amounts. Borrower will
consistently maintain 30% of the outstanding debts in deposit accounts with us, often with the right of offset, holds, etc. Loan to value ratios (LTV) will be 60% or less. Loans in this category require very minimal monitoring.

Grade 2: Pass - The borrower has good sources of repayment, generally 3 years or more of consistent employment (or related field) and income history. The debt of the borrower is reasonable relative
to the borrower’s financial strength with a DTI ratio of less than 35%. Cash flow is strong as evidenced by exceptional discretionary income amounts. Borrowers will consistently maintain 20% of the outstanding debts in deposit accounts with us.
LTV ratios will be 70% or less. These loans require minimal monitoring.

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Grade 3: Pass - There is a comfortable primary source of repayment, generally 2 years or more of consistent employment (or related field) and income history. Borrowers may exhibit a mix of strengths
and weaknesses. For example, they have either adequate cash flow with higher than desired leverage, or marginal cash flow with strong collateral and liquidity. Borrowers will have DTIs less than 45%. Borrowers will generally maintain deposit
accounts with us, but the consistency and amount of the deposits are not as strong as Grades 1 and 2. LTV ratios will be within our guidelines. These loans will be monitored on a quarterly basis.

Grade 4: Pass Watch – There is adequate primary source of repayment, generally employment time or time in a related field is less than 2 years. Borrowers’ debt to income ratios may fall outside of
our guidelines or there is minimal excess cash flow. There may be heavy reliance on collateral, or the loan is large, relative to the financial strength of the borrower. The loans may be maintenance intensive requiring closer monitoring.

Grade 5: Special Mention – A loan in this category has a specific weakness or problem but does not currently present a significant risk of loss or default as to any material terms of the loan or
financing agreement. A typical problem could include a documentation deficiency. If the deficiency is corrected the account will be re-graded.

Grade 6: Classified Substandard – A substandard loan has a developing or current weakness or weaknesses that could result in loss or default if deficiencies are not corrected, or adverse conditions
arise.

Grade 7: Classified Doubtful – A doubtful loan has an existing weakness or weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts and conditions, highly
questionable and improbable.

Grade 8: Classified Loss – A loss loan has an existing weakness or weaknesses that render the loan uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry as an asset on our book is not
warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical nor desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be affected
in the future.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The ALL, a material estimate which could change significantly in the near-term in the event of rapidly shifting credit quality, is established through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings
to account for losses that are inherent in the loan portfolio and estimated to occur, and is maintained at a level that we consider adequate to absorb potential losses in the loan portfolio. Loan losses are charged against the ALL when we believe
that the collectability of the principal loan balance is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ALL when received.

Our judgment in determining the adequacy of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available and as
situations and information change.

We evaluate the ALL on a monthly basis and take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans
and current economic conditions and trends that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay. The quality of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the ALL is reviewed by regulatory examinations and the Company’s auditors.

The following table shows the allocation of the ALL among loan categories, the ratio of the ALL to nonperforming loan balances and certain other information as of the dates indicated.

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As of December 31,
20222021
($ in thousands)ALL to Total LoansNonaccrual to Total LoansALL to Nonaccrual LoansALL to Total LoansNonaccrual to Total LoansALL to Nonaccrual loans
SBA3.0%%%1.9%0.5%401.6%
Commercial, non-real estate3.5%%%3.9%%%
Residential real estate1.3%%%1.3%%%
Strategic program loans(1)14.0%%%7.6%%%
Commercial real estate0.2%%%0.9%%%
Consumer1.1%%%1.4%%%
Total4.6%%%3.7%0.3%1,445.1%

(1) The held for sale balance on Strategic Program loans as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $23.6 million and $60.7 million.

The following table reflects the ratio of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding by loan category, as of the dates indicated.

Years Ended December 31,
20222021
($ in thousands)Net Charge- OffsAverage LoansNCO to Average LoansNet Charge- OffsAverage LoansNCO to Average Loans
SBA$326$132,1990.2%$109$149,2850.1%
Commercial, non-real estate(2)7,5620.0%(40)3,945(1.0%)
Residential real estate27,937%23,171%
Strategic program loans(1)11,06393,11511.9%4,31175,1715.7%
Commercial real estate8,912%2,082%
Consumer25,3640.0%34,8620.1%
Total$11,389$275,0894.1%$4,383$258,5161.7%

(1) The average held for sale balance on Strategic Program loans for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were $65.7 million and $59.5 million.

The ALL was $12.0 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $9.9 million at December 31, 2021, an increase of $2.1 million, or 21.6%. The increase was primarily due to increased unguaranteed SBA
loans and increased retention of Strategic Program loans with higher loss reserving characteristics.

December 31, 2022
($ in thousands)Amount% of Total Allowance
SBA$4,29435.8%
Commercial, non real estate4013.4%
Residential real estate4974.2%
Strategic Program loans6,70155.9%
Commercial real estate270.2%
Consumer650.5%
Total$11,985100.0%

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December 31, 2021
($ in thousands)Amount% of Total Allowance
SBA$2,73927.8%
Commercial, non real estate1321.3%
Residential real estate3523.6%
Strategic Program loans6,54966.5%
Commercial real estate210.2%
Consumer620.6%
Total$9,855100.0%

Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Banks

Our interest-bearing deposits in other banks increased to $100.2 million at December 31, 2022 from $85.3 million at December 31, 2021, an increase of $14.8 million, or 17.4%. This increase was
primarily due to the decrease in our loans held-for-sale balances of $37.2 million. Interest-bearing deposits in other banks have generally been the primary repository of the liquidity we use to fund our operations. Aside from minimal balances
held with our correspondent banks, the majority of our interest-bearing deposits in other banks was held directly with the Federal Reserve.

Securities

We use our securities portfolio to provide a source of liquidity, provide an appropriate return on funds invested, manage interest rate risk, meet collateral requirements and meet regulatory capital
requirements.

We classify investment securities as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale based on our intentions and the Company’s ability to hold such securities until maturity. In determining such
classifications, securities that we have the positive intent and the ability to hold until maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. All other securities are designated as available-for-sale and carried at
estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in shareholders’ equity on an after-tax basis. For the year presented, all securities were classified as held-to-maturity.

The following tables summarize the contractual maturities and weighted average yields of investment securities at December 31, 2022, and the amortized cost of those securities as of the indicated
dates.

At December 31, 2022
After Five to Ten Years WeightedAfter Ten Years Weighted
($ in thousands)Amortized CostWeighted Average YieldAmortized CostWeighted Average YieldTotal Amortized Cost
Mortgage-backed securities$3,3883.0%$10,9043.4%$14,292

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The weighted average yield of investment securities is the sum of all interest that the investments generate, divided by the sum of the book value.

There were no calls, sales or maturities of securities during the years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021.

At December 31, 2022, there were 18 securities, consisting of eight collateralized mortgage obligations and ten mortgage-backed securities. Seventeen of these securities were in an unrealized loss
position as of December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2021, there were 13 securities, consisting of five collateralized mortgage obligations and eight mortgage-backed securities. Nine of these securities were in an unrealized loss position as of
December 31, 2021.

Total Liabilities

Total liabilities at December 31, 2022, saw a decrease from its December 31, 2021, balance primarily due to a decrease in total deposits and was offset by an $7.0 million increase associated with
operating lease liabilities.

Deposits

Deposits are the major source of funding for the Company. We offer a variety of deposit products including interest and noninterest bearing demand accounts, money market and savings accounts and
certificates of deposit, all of which we market at competitive pricing. We generate deposits from our customers on a relationship basis and through access to national Institutional and brokered deposit sources. We also generate deposits in
relation to our Strategic Programs in the form of reserve accounts as discussed above. These deposits add an element of flexibility in that they tend to increase or decrease in relation to the size of our Strategic Program loan portfolio. In
addition to the reserve account, some Strategic Program loan originators maintain operating deposit accounts with us.

The following tables present the end of period balances as well as the average balances for the deposit portfolio for the periods indicated (average balances have been calculated using daily
averages):

For the Years Ended December 31,
20222021
($ in thousands)TotalPercentTotalPercent
Period end:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits$78,81732.5%$110,54843.9%
Interest-bearing deposits:
Demand50,74620.8%5,3992.1%
Savings8,2893.4%6,6852.7%
Money markets10,8824.5%31,07612.3%
Time certificates of deposit94,26438.8%98,18439.0%
Total period end deposits$242,998100.0%$251,892100.0%

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Years Ended
December 31, 2022December 31, 2021
($ in thousands)TotalWeighted average rate paidPercent of totalTotalWeighted average rate paidPercent of total
Average:
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits$114,1740.00%48.2%$107,4810.00%49.8%
Interest-bearing deposits:
Demand17,5643.02%7.4%6,0600.87%2.8%
Savings7,3100.10%3.1%7,8970.13%3.7%
Money market26,0540.45%11.0%21,9650.34%10.2%
Time certificates of deposit71,6611.09%30.3%72,3111.38%33.5%
Total average deposits$236,7630.60%100.0%$215,7130.53%100.0%

Our deposits decreased by $8.9 million to $243.0 million at December 31, 2022, from $251.9 million at December 31, 2021, or 3.5%. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in our
noninterest-bearing demand deposits and money markets account balances.

As an FDIC-insured institution, our deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the DIF of the FDIC. The Dodd-Frank Act raised the limit for federal deposit insurance to $250,000 for most
deposit accounts and increased the cash limit of Securities Investor Protection Corporation protection from $100,000 to $250,000. Our total uninsured deposits were $108.4 million and $163.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, and 2021,
respectively. The maturity profile of our uninsured time deposits, those amounts that exceed the FDIC insurance limit, at December 31, 2022 is as follows:

($ in thousands)Three months or lessMore than three months to six monthsMore than six months to twelve monthsMore than twelve monthsTotal
Time deposits, uninsured$$65$37$1,627$1,729

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Management

Liquidity management is the ability to meet current and future financial obligations of a short-term nature. Our primary sources of funds consist of deposit inflows, the sale of loans, repayment of
loans and net profits. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows, loan prepayments, loan sales and security sales are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic
conditions, and competition.

On November 23, 2021, we completed our IPO at a price of $10.50 per share. We raised approximately $36.1 million in net proceeds after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of
approximately $3.0 million and certain estimated offering expenses payable by us of approximately of $3.2 million. The net proceeds less $0.5 million in other related expenses, including legal fees totaled $35.6 million.

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Our primary source of funds to originate new loans is derived from deposits. Deposits are comprised of core and noncore deposits. We use brokered deposits and a rate listing service to advertise
rates to banks, credit unions, and other institutional entities. We designate deposits obtained from this source as Institutional Deposits. To attract deposits from local and nationwide consumer and commercial markets, we historically paid rates
at the higher end of the market, which we have been able to pay due to our high margin and technology-oriented business model. We utilize rate listing services and website advertising to attract deposits from consumer and commercial sources.

We regularly evaluate new, core deposit products. We intend to have various term offerings to match our funding needs. With no current plans to expand our brick-and-mortar branch network, online and
mobile banking offers a means to meet customer needs and better efficiency through technology compared to traditional branch networks. We believe that the rise of mobile and online banking provides us the opportunity to further leverage the
technological competency we have demonstrated in recent years.

We regularly adjust our investment in liquid assets based upon our assessment of (1) expected loan demand, (2) expected deposit flows, (3) yields available on interest-earning deposits and
securities and (4) the objectives of our asset/liability management, funds management and liquidity policies. The objective of the liquidity policy is to reduce the risk to our earnings and capital arising from the inability to meet obligations
in a timely manner. This entails ensuring sufficient funds are available at a reasonable cost to meet potential demands from both fund providers and borrowers. Liquid assets, defined as cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits, were
25.1% of total assets at December 31, 2022.

We primarily utilize short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits to fund our lending and investment activities, each of which is discussed below. At December 31, 2022, we had the
ability to access $10.6 million from the Federal Reserve Bank’s Discount Window on a collateralized basis. Through Zions Bank, the Bank had an available unsecured line available of $1.0 million. The Bank had an available unsecured line of credit
with Bankers’ Bank of the West to borrow up to $1.1 million in overnight funds. We also maintain a $2.6 million line of credit with Federal Home Loan Bank, secured by specific pledged loans. We had no outstanding balances on the unsecured or
secured lines of credit as of December 31, 2022. In long term borrowings, we had $0.6 million outstanding at December 31, 2022 related to the PPPLF. The PPPLF is secured by pledged PPP loans.

Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents. The levels of these assets depend on our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At December 31, 2022,
liquid assets (defined as cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits), consisting of cash and due from banks, totaled $100.6 million of which $0.3 million is above the FDIC insurance limit and uninsured. We believe that our liquid
assets combined with the available lines of credit provide adequate liquidity to meet our current financial obligations for at least the next 12 months.

Capital Resources

Shareholders’ equity increased $25.0 million to $140.5 million at December 31, 2022 compared to $115.4 million at December 31, 2021. The increase in shareholders’ equity was primarily attributable
to net income recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022.

We use several indicators of capital strength. The most commonly used measure is total equity to total assets, which was 34.9% and 30.4% at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Our return on average equity was 19.6% and 39.2% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our return on average assets was 6.4% and 9.1% for the years ended December 31, 2022
and 2021, respectively.

We seek to maintain adequate capital to support anticipated asset growth, operating needs and unexpected risks, and to ensure that we are in compliance with all current and anticipated regulatory
capital guidelines. Our primary sources of new capital include retained earnings and proceeds from the sale and issuance of capital stock or other securities. Expected future use or activities for which capital may be set aside include balance
sheet growth and associated relative increases in market or credit exposure, investment activity, potential product and business expansions, acquisitions and strategic or infrastructure investments.

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly
additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must
meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to
qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Under the prompt corrective action rules, an institution is deemed “well capitalized” if its Tier 1 leverage ratio, Common Equity Tier 1 ratio, Tier 1 Capital ratio, and Total Capital ratio meet or
exceed 5%, 6.5%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. On September 17, 2019, the federal banking agencies jointly finalized a rule intending to simplify the regulatory capital requirements described above for qualifying community banking organizations that
opt into the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework, as required by Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act. The Bank elected to opt into the Community Bank Leverage Ratio framework starting in 2020. Under these new capital requirements, as
temporarily amended by Section 4012 of the CARES Act, the Bank must maintain a leverage ratio greater than 9.0% for 2022 and 8.5% for 2021.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (there are no
conditions or events since that notification we believe have changed the Bank’s category). The following table sets forth the actual capital amounts and ratios for the Bank and the amount of capital required to be categorized as well-capitalized
as of the dates indicated.

The following table presents the regulatory capital ratios for the Bank as of the dates indicated:

December 31,
Capital Ratios20222021Well- Capitalized Requirement
Leverage Ratio (under CBLR)25.1%17.7%9.0%(1)

(1) The Well-Capitalized Requirement for 2021 was 8.5%.

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Contractual Obligations

We have contractual obligations to make future payments on debt and lease agreements. While our liquidity monitoring and management consider both present and future demands for and sources of
liquidity, the following table of contractual commitments focuses only on future obligations and summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2022.

($ in thousands)TotalLess than One YearOne to Three YearsThree to Five YearsMore Than Five Years
Contractual Obligations
Deposits without stated maturity$129,563$129,563$$$
Time deposits94,26457,72126,8289,715
Long term borrowings(1)314314
Operating lease obligations7,5138502,1902,2702,203
Total$231,654$188,134$29,332$11,985$2,203

(1) Balances in this category pertain to the PPPLF and are fully-collateralized with PPP loans

Off-Balance Sheet Items

In the normal course of business, we enter into various transactions, which, in accordance with GAAP, are not included in our consolidated statements of financial condition. We enter into these
transactions to meet the financing needs of our customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, which involves, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk exceeding the amounts recognized in our
consolidated statements of financial condition. Our exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amounts of these commitments. The same credit policies and procedures are used in making these commitments as for on-balance sheet
instruments. We are not aware of any accounting loss to be incurred by funding these commitments; if required, we would maintain an allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk which would be recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated
balance sheets.

Our commitments to extend credit as of the dates indicated are summarized below. Since commitments associated with commitments to extend credit may expire unused, the amounts shown do not
necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements.

As of December 31,
($ in thousands)20222021
Revolving, open-end lines of credit$1,683$1,259
Commercial real estate17,88615,402
Other unused commitments253377
Total commitments$19,822$17,038

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and
expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under current circumstances, results of which form the basis
for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different
assumptions or conditions.

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Accounting policies, as described in detail in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Report, are an integral part of our financial statements. A thorough
understanding of these accounting policies is essential when reviewing our reported results of operations and our financial position. We believe that the critical accounting policies and estimates discussed below require us to make difficult,
subjective or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. Changes in these estimates, which are likely to occur from period to period, or use of different estimates that we could have reasonably used in the current period,
would have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

The JOBS Act permits us an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition
period, which means that the financial statements included in this Report, as well as any financial statements that we file in the future, will not be subject to all new or revised accounting standards generally applicable to public companies for
the transition period for so long as we remain an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act.

The following is a discussion of the critical accounting policies and significant estimates that we believe require us to make the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments.

Allowance for Loan Losses. The ALL is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loans that are deemed to be uncollectible
are charged off and deducted from the ALL. The provision for loan losses and recoveries on loans previously charged off are credited to the ALL. The ALL consists of specific and general components subject to significant judgment and short-term
change. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual
terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered TDRs and classified as impaired.

The general component covers loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and loans that are not individually identified for impairment evaluation. The general component is based on
historical loss experience adjusted for current factors and includes actual loss history experienced for the preceding three fiscal years and the interim period for the current fiscal year. This actual loss experience is supplemented with other
qualitative economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio type. These economic factors include consideration of the following: levels and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans (including TDRs); levels and trends in
charge-offs and recoveries, trends in volumes and terms of loans; migration of loans to the classification of special mention, substandard, or doubtful; effects of any change in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending
policies and procedures; national and local economic trends and conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. Generally, our estimate for the ALL does not have significant sensitivity to the changes in the qualitative factors.

We estimate the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, current economic conditions, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations,
estimated collateral values and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. Amounts are charged off when
available information confirms that specific loans, or portions thereof, are uncollectible. This methodology for determining charge-offs is consistently applied to each group of loans. We group loans into different categories based on loan type
to determine the appropriate allowance for each loan group.

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The Company generally places loans on a nonaccrual status when: (1) payment is in default for 90 days or more unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection; or (2) full repayment
of principal and interest is not foreseen. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all accrued and uncollected interest on that loan is reversed. Past-due interest received on nonaccrual loans is not recognized in interest income but is
applied as a reduction of the outstanding principal of the loan consistent with the accounting for impaired loans. A loan is relieved of its nonaccrual status when all principal and interest payments are brought current, the loan is well secured,
and an analysis of the borrower’s financial condition provides reasonable assurance that the borrower can repay the loan as scheduled.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the
loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments. Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of similar nature, such as Strategic Program loans, and on an individual loan basis for commercial real estate secured and SBA and
commercial non-real estate and consumer loans. If a loan or pool of loans is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan or pool of loans is reported, net of the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s
original effective rate or at the fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Factors considered in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability
of collecting all amounts when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls are generally not classified as impaired. We considered the significance of payment delays on a case-by-case basis, taking into
consideration all the circumstances of the loan and borrower, including the length of delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, the amount of the shortfall in relation to principal and interest owed.

See our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report and “—Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Condition—Allowance for Loan Losses” for more information.

Stock-based Compensation. Our historical and outstanding stock-based compensation awards are described in Note 10 in our annual
consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

We record stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”) and recognize stock-based compensation expense
in the period in which an employee or non-employee is required to provide service, which is generally over the vesting period of the individual stock-based payment award. Compensation expense for awards is recognized over the requisite service
period on a straight-line basis and we account for forfeitures as they occur. We classify our awards as equity awards and these awards are valued as of the grant date based upon the underlying stock price and a number of assumptions, including
volatility, performance period, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

The determination of the grant date fair value using an option pricing model is affected principally by our estimated fair value of our common stock and requires us to make a number of other
assumptions, including the expected term of the award, the expected volatility of the underlying shares, the risk-free interest rate and the expected dividend yield. The assumptions used in our Black-Scholes option-pricing model represent
management’s best estimates at the time of measurement. These estimates are complex, involve a number of variables, uncertainties and assumptions and the application of management’s judgment, as they are inherently subjective. We will continue to
use judgment in evaluating the expected volatility, expected terms and interest rates utilized for our stock-based compensation expense calculations on a prospective basis.  If any assumptions change, our stock-based compensation expense could be
materially different in the future. These assumptions are estimated as follows:

Column 1Column 2
Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our awards are expected to be outstanding. We calculated the expected term using a permitted simplified method, which is based on the vesting period and contractual term for each tranche of awards.
Column 1Column 2
Expected Volatility. Prior to our initial public offering, the expected volatility was based on the historical share volatility of several comparable publicly traded companies over a period of time equal to the expected term of the awards, as we did not have any trading history to use the volatility of our own common shares. After the completion of our initial public offering, it is no longer necessary to utilize the volatility of comparable publicly traded companies as we now have historical trading volatility data on our own common shares.

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Column 1Column 2
Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life.
Column 1Column 2
Expected Dividend Yield. We have not paid dividends on our common shares nor do we expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, we used an expected dividend yield of zero.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, stock-based compensation expense was $0.8 million and $2.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, we had $0.5 million of total unrecognized
stock-based compensation costs, which we expect to recognize over an estimated weighted-average period of 1.8 years. We expect to continue to grant options and other stock-based awards in the future, and to the extent that we do, our stock-based
compensation expense recognized in future periods will likely increase.

Fair Value of Common Stock.  There was no public market for our common shares prior to the completion of our initial public offering on November 23, 2021. As
such, the estimated fair value of our common shares has previously been determined at each grant date by our board of directors, with input from management, based on the information known to us on the grant date and upon a review of any recent
events and their potential impact on the estimated per share fair value of our common shares. As part of these fair value determinations, our board of directors obtained and considered valuation reports prepared by a third-party valuation firm in
accordance with the guidance outlined in the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation.

In estimating the fair value of our common shares prior to the offering completed on November 23, 2021, multiple factors were considered in selecting an appropriate valuation approach, including,
without limitation: (i) does the valuation method reflect our going-concern and/or expected time to liquidity status; (ii) does the valuation method assign value to the junior instruments, unless a future exit scenario is being analyzed whereby
no cash is being distributed to the junior instruments based on equity class-specific rights; and (iii) is the method appropriate based on our stage of development at the date of the valuation. The valuation method evaluated and utilized, as
appropriate, was the Option Pricing Method, or OPM. The OPM is a forward-looking method that considers our current equity value and was used to allocate our total equity value between common stock and stock options granted considering a
continuous distribution of outcomes, rather than focusing on distinct future scenarios.

We estimated fair value of our common shares using the OPM given the uncertainty associated with both the timing and type of any future exit scenario and applied an Income Approach and Market
Approach. The Income Approach attempts to value an asset or security by estimating the present value of the future economic benefits it is expected to produce. These benefits can include earnings, cost savings, tax deductions, and disposition
proceeds from the asset. An indication of value may be developed in this approach by discounting expected cash flows to their present value at a rate of return that incorporates the risk-free rate for the use of funds, the expected rate of
inflation over the holding period, and the risks associated with realizing the cash flows in the amounts and at the times projected. The discount rate selected is typically based on rates of return available from alternative investments of
similar type and quality as of the valuation date. The most commonly employed income approach to valuation is the discounted cash flow analysis. The Market Approach estimates the value of an asset or security by examining observable market values
for similar assets or securities. Sales and offering prices for comparable assets are adjusted to reflect differences between the asset being valued and the comparable assets, such as, location, time and terms of sale, utility, and physical
characteristics. When applied to the valuation of equity, the analysis may include consideration of the financial condition and operating performance of the company being valued relative to those of publicly traded companies or to those of
companies acquired in a single transaction, which operate in the same or similar lines of business.

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When estimating our total equity value, we applied both an Income Approach and Market Approach and weighted the results evenly. The Income Approach utilized discounted cash flows using forecasted
assumptions of operating income and a discount rate based on the cost of equity. The Market Approach was applied considering a set of guideline comparable companies, known as the Guideline Publicly-Traded Companies Method, or GPTCM. Under the
GPTCM, valuation multiples were calculated from the market data and operating metrics of the guideline companies. The selected multiples were evaluated and adjusted based on the characteristics of the Company relative to the comparable companies
being analyzed. The selected multiples were ultimately applied to our operating metrics to calculate indications of value. A discount for lack of marketability, or DLOM, was also then applied.

We considered various objective and subjective factors to estimate the fair value of the Company’s equity price per share of each grant date, including the value estimated by a third-party valuation
firm. The factors considered by the third-party valuation firm and our board of directors included the following:

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Our financial performance, capital structure and stage of development;
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Our management team and business strategy;
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External market conditions affecting our industry, including competition and regulatory landscape;
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Our financial position and forecasted operating results;
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The lack of an active public or private market for our equity shares;
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Historical discussions we have had with potential private investors;
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The likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as a sale of the Company or an initial public offering of our equity shares; and
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Market performance analyses, including with respect to share price valuation, of similar companies in our industry.

Application of these approaches involves the use of estimates, judgment and assumptions that are highly complex and subjective, such as those regarding our expected future revenue, expenses and
future cash flows, discount rates, market multiples, the selection of comparable companies and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between the assumptions impact
our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of our common shares.

After the completion of our initial public offering on November 23, 2021, it is no longer be necessary for our board of directors to estimate the fair value of our common stock in connection with
our accounting for stock-based awards we may grant, as the fair value of our common stock will be determined based on the closing price of our common stock as reported on the date of grant.

Income Taxes.  We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities
are determined based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.
Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized. Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income within
the carryforward period.

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We assess all material positions taken in any income tax return, including all significant uncertain positions, in all tax years that are still subject to assessment or challenge by relevant taxing
authorities. Assessing an uncertain tax position begins with the initial determination of the position’s sustainability and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is more likely than not of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As
of each balance sheet date, unresolved uncertain tax positions must be reassessed, and we will determine whether (i) the factors underlying the sustainability assertion have changed and (ii) the amount of the recognized tax benefit is still
appropriate. The recognition and measurement of tax benefits requires significant judgment. Judgments concerning the recognition and measurement of a tax benefit might change as new information becomes available. Our unrecognized tax benefits, if
recognized, would not have an impact on our effective tax rate assuming we continue to maintain a full valuation allowance position. We do not expect our unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.

Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as a component of income tax expense or benefit. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized de minimis interest and penalties.

GAAP Reconciliation and Management Explanation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

One of the financial measures included in this Report is not a measure of financial performance recognized by GAAP. This non-GAAP financial measure is “tangible book value per share.” Our management
uses this non-GAAP financial measure in its analysis of our performance.

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“Tangible book value per share” is defined as book value per share less goodwill and other intangible assets, divided by the outstanding number of common shares at the end of each period. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is book value per share. We had no goodwill or other intangible assets as of any of the dates indicated. We have not considered loan servicing rights or loan trailing fee asset as intangible assets for purposes of this calculation. As a result, tangible book value per share is the same as book value per share as of each of the dates indicated.

We believe this non-GAAP financial measure provides useful information to management and investors that is supplementary to our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows computed in
accordance with GAAP; however, we acknowledge that our non-GAAP financial measure has a number of limitations. As such, you should not view this measure as a substitute for results determined in accordance with GAAP, and such measure is not
necessarily comparable to non-GAAP financial measures that other companies use.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the respective expected dates of adoption and
anticipated effects on our results of operations and financial condition.

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