Designer Brands Inc. (DBI) FY 2023 MD&A

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements that involve various risks and uncertainties. See Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information for Purposes of the "Safe Harbor" Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 on page ii for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks, and assumptions associated with these statements. This discussion is best read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, set forth in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Form 10-K. The results of operations for the periods reflected herein are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for future periods, and our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to those listed under Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Form 10-K and included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

The following discussion includes a comparison of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources for 2022 and 2021. Except where it may be useful in understanding 2022 results, we have omitted discussion of results for 2020, which may be found in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 29, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 21, 2022.

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EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW AND TRENDS IN OUR BUSINESS

For 2022, net sales increased 3.7% and comparable sales increased 4.4% over last year. During 2022, net sales from our Owned Brands increased 32.1% over last year, with Owned Brands representing 24.4% of consolidated net sales as compared to 19.2% for last year. The increase in net sales from our Owned Brands demonstrates progress toward our long-term goal of doubling net sales from our Owned Brands by 2026 (using 2021 net sales as a baseline). Gross profit as a percentage of sales for 2022 was lower when compared to last year's record-setting results. This decrease is primarily attributable to a more promotional retail environment in 2022, as the industry experienced a shift from tighter inventory positions to excess inventory, resulting in us also being more promotional. In addition, we strategically increased our clearance assortment in order for us to attract customers who are more value-oriented, and this allowed us to manage our inventory more effectively and proactively. However, gross profit as a percentage of sales for 2022 was higher than the pre-COVID-19 rate in 2019; this increase was primarily driven by the increased Owned Brands penetration.

At the beginning of 2023, we completed the acquisition of the Keds business from Wolverine World Wide, Inc. This expands our Owned Brands' reach into casual and athleisure footwear in the wholesale and direct-to-consumer e-commerce channels, supplementing the additions of Le Tigre and Topo during 2022. This acquisition also marks our first Owned Brand wholesale business within the kids' footwear segment and supports our Owned Brand strategy.

EFFECTS OF INFLATION AND GLOBAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

A downturn in global economic conditions, most notably inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, changes in employment levels, significant foreign currency volatility, and the growing concerns of a potential recession, may adversely impact discretionary consumer income levels and spending. Consumer spending on discretionary items, including our products, generally declines during periods of economic uncertainty, when disposable income is reduced, or when there is a reduction in consumer confidence. Moreover, we are unable to predict the severity of macroeconomic uncertainty, whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen, or the full impact such circumstances could have on our business.

In 2022, the U.S. experienced significantly heightened inflationary pressures, which we expect to continue into 2023. We are subject to inflationary pressures, including increases in the costs of merchandise, transportation, and compensation, which we offset in the first half of 2022 with pricing increases and being less promotional. However, competitive pricing pressure has been exacerbated by a more promotional retail environment as the industry experienced a shift from tighter inventory positions to excess inventory and as macroeconomic conditions impact discretionary consumer spending. During the second half of 2022, our net sales and gross profit declined as we became more promotional under this competitive landscape. These factors could require us to enact mitigating operating efficiency measures that could have a material adverse effect on business, operations, and results of operations.

IMPACT OF COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse effect on our results of operations and may continue to impact the global economy, including disrupted supply chain operations globally, temporary factory closures, vessel, container and other transportation shortages, and port congestion. Such disruptions have at times reduced our availability of inventory while at other times have caused excess inventory as the timing of inventory receipts has been disrupted. Disruptions may continue especially in geographic locations where government responses may result in mandated quarantines and closures of facilities and operations we depend on. The COVID-19 pandemic has and is likely to continue to result in social, economic, and labor instability in the markets in which we and our third-party vendors operate. The long-term economic impact and near-term financial impacts of COVID-19, including, but not limited to, possible impairment, restructuring, or other charges, as well as the overall business on our business and results of operations, cannot be reliably estimated at this time due to the uncertainty of future developments.

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FINANCIAL SUMMARY AND OTHER KEY METRICS

•Net sales increased to $3.3 billion for 2022 from $3.2 billion for 2021.

•Gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 32.6% for 2022, a decrease from 33.4% in 2021, but an increase from the 2019 pre-COVID-19 rate of 28.6%.

•Net income attributable to Designer Brands Inc. for 2022 was $162.7 million, or $2.26 per diluted share, which included net after-tax benefits of $29.0 million, or $0.41 per diluted share, primarily related to the change in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, partially offset by the loss on extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs, restructuring and termination costs, CEO transition costs, impairment charges, and acquisition costs. Net income for 2021 was $154.5 million, or $2.00 per diluted share, which included net after-tax benefits of $23.2 million, or $0.30 per diluted share, primarily related to the change in valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, partially offset by restructuring charges and target acquisition costs.

Comparable Sales Performance Metric- The following table presents the percent change in comparable sales for each segment and in total:

We consider the percent change in comparable sales from the same previous year period, a primary metric commonly used throughout the retail industry, to be an important measurement for management and investors of the performance of our direct-to-consumer businesses. We include in our comparable sales metric sales from stores in operation for at least 14 months at the beginning of the applicable year. Stores are added to the comparable base at the beginning of the year and are dropped for comparative purposes in the quarter in which they are closed. Comparable sales include stores temporarily closed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as management believes that this metric is meaningful to monitor our performance. Comparable sales also include e-commerce sales. Comparable sales for the Canada Retail segment exclude the impact of foreign currency translation and are calculated by translating current period results at the foreign currency exchange rate used in the comparable period of the prior year. Comparable sales for the Brand Portfolio segment include the direct-to-consumer e-commerce site www.vincecamuto.com. The calculation of comparable sales varies across the retail industry and, as a result, the calculations of other retail companies may not be consistent with our calculation.

Number of Stores- At the end of the last two fiscal years, we had the following number of stores:

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents our consolidated results of operations with associated percentages of net sales:

NM - Not meaningful

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NET SALES

The following table summarizes net sales by segment:

The increase in net sales during 2022 over last year was primarily due to the increase in comparable sales across all segments, primarily related to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 that resulted in significantly reduced store traffic in the U.S. Retail and Canada Retail segments, with the Canada Retail segment also impacted by mandated closures and restrictions in certain key markets. In addition, wholesale sales in the Brand Portfolio segment were higher during 2022, as compared to last year, due to increased orders as our retailer customers had similar results as our retail segments. These increases were partially offset by the impact of a shift towards being more promotional in the U.S. Retail and Brand Portfolio segments during the second half of 2022, net store closures since the end of 2021, and the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of the Canada Retail segment net sales.

GROSS PROFIT

The following table summarizes gross profit by segment:

The increase in consolidated gross profit was primarily driven by increased sales during 2022 over last year, partially offset by higher freight and distribution costs and a shift towards being more promotional in the U.S. Retail and Brand Portfolio segments during the second half of 2022. For the Canada Retail segment, the shift toward being more promotional happened later in 2022 resulting in less of an impact to the full fiscal year. Higher distribution costs within the U.S. Retail segment were primarily driven by moving our digital fulfillment activities from our Ohio location to our New Jersey location, which resulted in recognizing approximately $16.0 million of additional distribution costs, including accelerated depreciation and termination costs.

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The net recognition (elimination) of intersegment gross profit consisted of the following:

OPERATING EXPENSES

Operating expenses increased by $25.7 million during 2022 as compared to last year, primarily driven by an increase in store payroll and costs as a result of severance activity, the dissolution of a joint venture, and the CEO transition. Operating expenses as a percentage of net sales slightly improved to 27.1% in 2022 compared to 27.2% in 2021, due to the improvement in net sales over last year as we leveraged our fixed costs.

IMPAIRMENT CHARGES

During 2022, we recorded impairment charges of $4.3 million, primarily in the Brand Portfolio segment resulting from subleases of abandoned leased spaces. During 2021, we recorded impairment charges of $1.7 million, including $1.2 million in the U.S. Retail segment for abandoned equipment we replaced and $0.5 million in the Brand Portfolio segment for the sublease of an abandoned leased space.

INTEREST EXPENSE, NET

For 2022, interest expense, net, decreased by $17.3 million over last year, primarily due to the termination of the senior secured term loan ("Term Loan") in the first quarter of 2022, which had a higher interest rate than the ABL Revolver. The decrease was partially offset by a higher average debt balance during 2022 over 2021.

LOSS ON EXTINGUISHMENT OF DEBT AND WRITE-OFF OF DEBT ISSUANCE COSTS

In connection with the settlement of our Term Loan on February 8, 2022, we incurred a $12.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt, composed of a $6.9 million prepayment premium and a $5.7 million write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs. As a result of the replacement of the ABL Revolver during 2022, we also wrote off $0.2 million of debt issuance costs.

INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate was negative 2.0% for 2022, as compared to a positive 10.7% for 2021. The rate for 2022 was the result of releasing $55.7 million of the valuation allowance partially offset by the permanent tax adjustments, primarily non-deductible compensation. The rate for 2021 was the result of maintaining a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, while also recording net discrete tax benefits, primarily as a result of adjustments to our estimated 2020 return reflecting implemented tax strategies.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

OVERVIEW

Our primary ongoing operating cash flow requirements are for inventory purchases, payments on lease obligations and licensing royalty commitments, other working capital needs, and capital expenditures. Our working capital and inventory levels fluctuate seasonally.

During 2022, we repurchased 10.7 million Class A common shares at an aggregate cost of $147.5 million. As of January 28, 2023, $187.4 million of Class A common shares remained available for repurchase under the share repurchase program. During 2021, we did not repurchase any Class A common shares.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, we received $120.3 million of our income tax receivable from the Internal Revenue Service as a result of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. We expect to receive the remaining income tax receivable of $44.0 million within the next 12 months.

On December 13, 2022, we acquired a 79.4% ownership interest in Topo for $19.1 million in cash. We have an exclusive call option to purchase the remaining 20.6% ownership interest in Topo upon the occurrence of certain events or after a period of two years following the close of the transaction. The noncontrolling interest holders also have a put option with respect to the remaining 20.6% ownership interest in Topo upon the occurrence of certain events or after a period of three years following the close of the transaction. The redemption price is defined in the operating agreement and is based primarily on a fixed multiple of Topo's trailing 12 months of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, and other agreed upon adjustments. On February 4, 2023, we completed the acquisition of the Keds business from Wolverine World Wide, Inc. for $123.3 million, funded with available cash and borrowings on the ABL Revolver.

The following table summarizes our material undiscounted cash requirements for 2023 and future fiscal years thereafter, and provides reference for each item to the relevant note of the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K:

We are committed to a cash management strategy that maintains liquidity to adequately support the operation of the business, pursue our growth strategy, and withstand unanticipated business volatility, including the impacts of the global economic conditions on our results of operations. We believe that cash generated from our operations, together with our current levels of cash, as well as the availability of our ABL Revolver, are sufficient to maintain our ongoing operations, support seasonal working capital requirements, fund acquisitions and capital expenditures, and repurchase common shares under our share repurchase program over the next 12 months and beyond.

The following table presents the key categories of our consolidated statements of cash flows:

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OPERATING CASH FLOWS

The increase in net cash provided by operations was largely driven by the receipt of $120.3 million of our income tax receivable from the Internal Revenue Service during 2022. This was partially offset by higher spend on working capital due to earlier receipts with normal vendor payment terms this year compared to last year when we experienced shipping delays and extended vendor payment terms as a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, net income recognized during 2022 was lower than last year after adjusting for non-cash activity, including changes in deferred income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, and the loss from extinguishment of debt and write-off of debt issuance costs.

INVESTING CASH FLOWS

For 2022, net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to capital expenditures of $55.0 million relating to infrastructure and IT projects, new stores, store improvements, the acquisition of Topo for $19.1 million, and our investment in Le Tigre for $8.2 million. For 2021, the net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to capital expenditures of $33.0 million relating to infrastructure and IT projects, new stores, and store improvements.

FINANCING CASH FLOWS

During 2022, the net cash used in financing activities was due to the payment of $238.2 million for the settlement of the Term Loan, the repurchase of 10.7 million Class A common shares at an aggregate cost of $147.5 million, and the payment of dividends of $13.5 million, partially offset by the net receipts of $281.0 million from our revolving lines of credit. During 2021, the net cash used in financing activities was due to net payments of $100.0 million from our revolving lines of credit and payments of $12.5 million on the Term Loan.

DEBT

ABL Revolver- On March 30, 2022, we replaced our previous senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility with our current ABL Revolver, which provides a revolving line of credit of up to $550.0 million, including a Canadian sub-limit of up to $55.0 million, a $75.0 million sub-limit for the issuance of letters of credit, a $55.0 million sub-limit for swing-loan advances for U.S. borrowings, and a $5.5 million sub-limit for swing-loan advances for Canadian borrowings. Our ABL Revolver matures in March 2027 and is secured by a first-priority lien on substantially all of our personal property assets, including credit card receivables and inventory. The ABL Revolver may be used to provide funds for working capital, capital expenditures, share repurchases, other expenditures, and permitted acquisitions as defined by the credit facility agreement. The amount of credit available is limited to a borrowing base formulated on, among other things, a percentage of the book value of eligible inventory and credit card receivables, as reduced by certain reserves. As of January 28, 2023, the ABL Revolver had a borrowing base of $529.9 million, with $281.0 million in outstanding borrowings and $5.0 million in letters of credit issued, resulting in $243.9 million available for borrowings.

Debt Covenants- As of January 28, 2023, the ABL Revolver required us to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio covenant of not less than 1:1 when availability is less than the greater of $41.3 million or 10.0% of the maximum borrowing amount. The ABL Revolver also contains customary covenants restricting certain activities, including limitations on our ability to sell assets, engage in acquisitions, enter into transactions involving related parties, incur additional debt, grant liens on assets, pay dividends or repurchase stock, and make certain other changes. There are specific exceptions to these covenants including, in some cases, upon satisfying specified payment conditions based on availability. As of January 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all financial covenants contained in the ABL Revolver.

ABL Revolver Amendment- On February 28, 2023, the ABL Revolver was amended to increase the available capacity under the revolving line of credit from $550.0 million to $600.0 million and to add a first-in last-out term loan (the "FILO Term Loan") of up to $30.0 million, which was drawn in full on the date of the amendment, subject to a borrowing base. The FILO Term Loan may be repaid in full, but not in part, so long as certain payment conditions are satisfied. Once repaid, no portion of the FILO Term Loan may be reborrowed. The maturity date of the ABL Revolver did not change and is applicable to the FILO Term Loan. The ABL Revolver was also amended to change the period during which we are required to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1:1 when availability is less than the greater of $47.3 million or 10% of the maximum borrowing amount.

Termination of Term Loan- On February 8, 2022, we settled in full the $231.3 million principal amount outstanding on that date under our Term Loan. In connection with this settlement, we incurred a $12.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt, composed of a $6.9 million prepayment premium and a $5.7 million write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs.

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Refer to Note 12, Debt, of the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K for further information about our debt arrangements.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE PLANS

We expect to spend approximately $50.0 million to $70.0 million for capital expenditures in 2023. Our future investments will depend primarily on the number of stores we open and remodel, infrastructure and IT projects that we undertake, and the timing of these expenditures.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

There are no recent accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements when adopted.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

As discussed in Note 1, Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies, of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K, the preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and disclosure of commitments and contingencies at the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We base these estimates and judgments on factors we believe to be relevant, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The process of determining significant estimates is fact-specific and takes into account factors such as historical experience, current and expected economic conditions, product mix, and, in some cases, actuarial and valuation techniques. We constantly reevaluate these significant factors and make adjustments where facts and circumstances dictate. While we believe that the factors considered provide a meaningful basis for the accounting policies applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements, we cannot guarantee that our estimates and assumptions will be accurate. As the determination of these estimates requires the exercise of judgment, actual results may differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to our consolidated financial statements.

We believe the following represent the most significant accounting policies, critical estimates and assumptions, among others, used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:

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