VALVOLINE INC (VVV) Business

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS

Overview

Valvoline Inc. is a leader in automotive preventive maintenance delivering convenient and trusted services in its retail stores throughout the United States (“U.S.”) and Canada. The terms “Valvoline,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “management,” and “our” as used herein refer to Valvoline Inc., its predecessors and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where the context indicates otherwise.

As the quick, easy, trusted leader in automotive preventive maintenance, Valvoline is creating shareholder value by driving the full potential of its core business, delivering sustainable network growth, and continuing to innovate to meet the evolving needs of customers and the car parc. With average customer ratings that indicate high levels of service satisfaction, Valvoline and the Company’s franchise partners simplify vehicle care so customers can do what drives them. This includes approximately 15-minute stay-in-your-car oil changes; battery, bulb and wiper replacements; tire rotations; and other manufacturer recommended maintenance services. The Company operates and franchises approximately 2,200 service center locations through its Valvoline Instant Oil ChangeSM (“VIOC”) and Valvoline Great Canadian Oil Change (“GCOC”) retail locations and supports over 240 locations through its Express CareTM platform. For over 15 decades, Valvoline has consistently adapted to address changing technologies and customer needs and is well positioned to service evolving vehicle maintenance needs with its growing network of stores.

Company background

Established in 1866, Valvoline has a history of innovation spanning nearly 160 years when Dr. John Ellis founded Valvoline by discovering the lubricating properties of distilled crude oil and formulated the world's first petroleum-based lubricant. Valvoline was trademarked seven years later in 1873, making it the first trademarked motor oil brand in the U.S. Soon thereafter, as vehicle ownership rapidly grew, Valvoline became widely known in the automotive world through racing victories and as a recommended oil for the iconic Ford Model T, while expanding its product offerings and global reach through its innovative automotive maintenance and heavy-duty engine applications.

Valvoline was acquired by Ashland (currently doing business as Ashland Inc., and together with its predecessors and consolidated subsidiaries, referred to herein as “Ashland”), in 1950 and continued accelerating through the development of all-climate and racing motor oils, in addition to supporting notable automobile racing victories by some of the biggest legends of the sport. By the late 1980s, Valvoline began operating and franchising VIOC service center stores, expanding into consumer-focused automotive preventive maintenance and quick lube services. Valvoline maintained its focus on innovating for evolving vehicle technologies and the needs of customers through the late 1990s and early 2000s by introducing synthetic and high-mileage motor oils.

Valvoline was incorporated in May 2016 as a subsidiary of Ashland, followed by the transfer of the Valvoline business and certain other legacy Ashland assets and liabilities from Ashland to Valvoline. Valvoline completed its initial public offering of common stock in September 2016, and Ashland distributed its remaining ownership interest in Valvoline in May 2017 (the “Distribution”). Today, Valvoline operates as an independent corporation that trades on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “VVV” as a pure play automotive retail services provider focused on delivering quick, easy, and trusted vehicle maintenance services.

Discontinued operations

On March 1, 2023, Valvoline completed the sale of its former Global Products reportable segment (“Global Products”), now doing business as Valvoline Global Operations (“VGO”) to Aramco Overseas Company B.V. (the “Buyer”) (the “Transaction”). The operating results and cash flows associated with and directly attributed to the Global Products disposal group are reflected as discontinued operations. Refer to Note 3 included within the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional

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information regarding the Global Products business. Unless otherwise noted, disclosures herein relate solely to the Company’s continuing operations.

Valvoline’s retail services

Valvoline operates and franchises approximately 2,200 service center locations through its VIOC and GCOC retail locations and supports over 240 locations through its Express Care platform. The Company has built a reputation as the quick, easy, trusted name in automotive preventive maintenance through its full-service oil changes from certified technicians in approximately 15-minutes, including a free 18-point maintenance check. Valvoline continues to build its market share by leveraging its stay-in-your-car service model and providing each customer with service that can be seen by experts they can trust. Valvoline technicians utilize the Company’s proprietary SuperProTM system to deliver a superior customer experience and make timely service recommendations based upon visual inspection, vehicle service history, and original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) recommendations. The SuperPro system is utilized in both company-operated and franchised service center locations, creating a consistent service experience for customers.

The following summarizes the primary services Valvoline offers at most retail service center stores:

Valvoline’s services are offered to a wide range of vehicle types, serving both consumers and commercial customers, as shown below:

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Industry overview

Demand for automotive aftermarket services benefits from the growing number and age of vehicles in operation as well as increasing vehicle complexity and ongoing increases in miles driven. In addition, the resilient North American automotive aftermarket services market is highly fragmented, which creates a significant opportunity for consolidation. Based on industry surveys and management estimates, the U.S. Do It For Me (“DIFM”) total addressable market depicted below demonstrates the magnitude of the opportunity in the U.S. for Valvoline:

Business and growth strategies

As a pure play automotive retail services provider and the trusted leader in preventive automotive maintenance, Valvoline is well positioned to create long-term shareholder value through executing the Company’s strategic initiatives, which include:

•Driving the full potential of the core business through strategic reinvestment and improving operational efficiency in existing stores by building on Valvoline’s strong foundation in marketing, technology, and data insights.

•Deliver sustainable network growth with company-operated store expansion and accelerating the momentum of franchisee store growth; and

•Innovating to meet the changing needs of customers and the car parc, targeting customer and service expansion with a focus on fleet business, and driving non-oil change service penetration.

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Retail store development

Valvoline’s network of retail service centers delivered its 19th consecutive year of system-wide same-store sales (“SSS”) growth in fiscal 2025, demonstrating the system's operational excellence. As shown below, Valvoline operates, either directly or through its franchisees, 2,180 service center stores across the U.S. and Canada as of September 30, 2025:

Valvoline utilizes a three-pronged approach to grow its retail network through 1) franchisee store expansion 2) opportunistic acquisitions, and 3) new store development. This approach drove system-wide store growth of nearly 50% over the last five years. During this period, Valvoline added 718 net new stores to the system and expanded its service centers internationally into Canada. The retail services store network and its same-store sales growth is summarized below:

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Competition

Valvoline faces competition across its service offerings based on several key criteria, including brand recognition, quality of service, price, convenience, speed, location, and customer experience, in addition to the ability to deliver innovative services to meet evolving customer needs. Valvoline competes for customers in the highly fragmented automotive aftermarket service industry with automotive dealerships, automotive repair and maintenance centers, as well as other regional and independent quick lube operators.

Additionally, Valvoline’s retail stores compete for consumers and franchisees with other major franchised brands that offer a turn-key operations management system, such as Jiffy Lube, Grease Monkey, Take 5 Oil Change, Express Oil Change, Tire Engineers, and Mr. Lube in Canada. Valvoline competes with other franchisors in automotive services and across other industries on the basis of the expected return on investment and the value propositions offered to franchisees.

Valvoline also competes for Express Care operators and customers with national branded companies that offer an independent quick lube platform with a professional signage program and limited business model support.

Marketing and customer experience

Valvoline places a high priority on delivering an in-store customer experience that is quick, easy, and trusted. To both acquire and retain customers, marketing plays an important role in demonstrating the distinct experience that Valvoline offers customers, as well as providing information on locations, promotions, services offered, and wait times.

Techniques utilized by the Company are intended to build awareness of and create demand for its automotive preventive maintenance services. Valvoline markets through search and direct response channels, invests in advertising through video, social and digital media, and leverages targeted geographic sponsorships to reach specific audiences. The Company’s modeled marketing strategies are efficient and yield strong rates of return.

Valvoline leverages its digital tools to obtain customer feedback across the retail network of stores. Customer feedback is frequently measured and monitored to ensure that any service issues are quickly addressed to maintain

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high levels of customer satisfaction. Valvoline also utilizes its digital infrastructure and technology to more efficiently interact with customers, driving customer engagement, acquisition and retention, and consistency of experience. The Company's strengths in digital marketing and data analytics are leveraged to attract new and retain existing customers, including tailored marketing campaigns directed to specific customers when they are in the market for their next service.

Intellectual property

Valvoline holds approximately 390 trademarks in more than 70 countries across the world, including the Valvoline and “V” brand logo trademarks. These trademarks have a perpetual life, are generally subject to renewal every ten years, and are among Valvoline's most protected and valuable assets. With the completion of the sale of Global Products, Valvoline owns the Valvoline brand for all global retail services, excluding China and certain countries in the Middle East and North Africa, while VGO owns the Valvoline brand for all product uses globally. Valvoline partners with VGO to ensure that Valvoline's iconic brand is managed in a consistent and holistic manner.

Valvoline trade names and service marks used in its business include ValvolineSM, Valvoline Instant Oil ChangeSM, and VIOCSM, among others. Valvoline is also party to arrangements that license its intellectual property to others in return for revenues. Valvoline owns approximately 700 domain names that are used to promote Valvoline services and provide information about the Company.

Product supply and price

The products used in Valvoline’s retail service delivery are principally sourced from VGO. In connection with the sale of Global Products, Valvoline entered into a long-term supply agreement for the purchase of substantially all lubricant and certain ancillary products for its stores from VGO (the “Supply Agreement”).

Valvoline is able to leverage its scale, as well as the scale of its suppliers, for favorable terms in the arrangement of product supply for its store operations across the network. This benefit enhances the value proposition to new and existing independent store operators as well as to the profits of Valvoline’s company store operations. Valvoline’s arrangement of product supply for its independent operators provides recurring fees and margins that benefit ongoing results. As Valvoline continues to grow organically and through acquisitions, the business is well-positioned to continue driving increased benefits to the overall system of retail stores.

Valvoline works diligently to preserve margins by adjusting its pricing in response to changes in costs. The Company’s customer value proposition focuses on convenience and quality service which provides the ability to leverage pricing power to raise prices while maintaining customer loyalty. Pricing adjustments to products sold to Valvoline's independent operators are made pursuant to their contracts and are generally based on movements in published base oil indices.

Seasonality

Valvoline’s business is moderately impacted by seasonality. Transaction volumes follow driving patterns of consumers, which generally trend with the length of daylight hours, North American holidays, and vacation timing. As a result, the second half of the fiscal year ordinarily is more robust as miles driven tends to be higher. Weather conditions can modestly affect transaction volumes, and geographic variation typically limits weather impacts to specific regions.

Regulatory and environmental matters

Valvoline operates to maintain compliance with various federal, state, local and non-U.S. laws and governmental regulations relating to the operation of its business, including those regarding employment and labor practices; workplace safety; building and zoning requirements; the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous substances contained in the products used in service, including used motor oil and lead-acid batteries; and the ownership, construction and operation of real property, among others. Valvoline maintains policies and procedures to control risks and monitor compliance with applicable laws and regulations. These laws and regulations require Valvoline to obtain and comply with permits, registrations or other authorizations issued by governmental authorities. These authorities can modify or revoke the Company’s permits, registrations or other authorizations and can enforce

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compliance through fines, sanctions and injunctions. The Company is also subject to regulation by various U.S. federal regulatory agencies and by the applicable regulatory authorities in locations in which Valvoline’s services are offered. Such regulations principally relate to the operation of its service centers, advertising and marketing of Valvoline’s services.

Valvoline inventories lubricating and vehicle maintenance products and handles used automotive oils and filters. Accordingly, Valvoline is subject to numerous federal, state, local and non-U.S. environmental laws including the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act. In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as well as various state and local environmental protection agencies, regulate the handling and disposal of certain waste products and other materials.

As a franchisor, Valvoline is subject to various federal, state, and non-U.S. franchising laws. The Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) regulates franchising activities in the U.S. and requires franchisors to make extensive disclosure to prospective franchisees before the execution of a franchise agreement. Certain jurisdictions require registration or specific disclosure in connection with franchise offers and sales, or have laws that limit franchisor rights regarding the termination, renewal or transfer of franchise agreements.

Valvoline is subject to various federal, state, local and non-U.S. laws and regulations relating to information security, privacy, cashless payments and customer credit, protection and fraud. An increasing number of governments and industry groups have established data privacy laws and standards for the protection of personal information, including financial information (e.g., credit card numbers), social security numbers, and health information. The Company is also subject to labor and employment laws, including regulations established by the U.S. Department of Labor and other local regulatory agencies, governing working conditions, paid leave, workplace safety, wage and hour standards, and hiring and employment practices.

Human capital management

"It all starts with our people" is one of Valvoline's core values, and the Company endeavors to create an environment that promotes safety, fosters diversity, encourages creativity, rewards performance, and emphasizes culture and purpose. To recruit and retain the most qualified team members, Valvoline focuses on treating team members well by paying competitive wages, offering an attractive benefit package, and providing robust training and career development opportunities. Valvoline is committed to actively creating an environment where each team member is empowered to learn, grow, and maximize their personal contribution.

Workforce

As of September 30, 2025, Valvoline had approximately 11,400 employees (excluding contract employees) in the U.S. and Canada, including approximately 10,600 full-time employees. Valvoline operates 1,016 company-owned retail service center stores throughout the U.S. and Canada and supports its network of approximately 2,200 stores through centralized teams.

The table below provides the Company's approximate distribution of employees, which includes its company-operated service center stores, central supporting teams, and excludes independent contractors:

Valvoline seeks to attract, develop, and retain highly qualified talent as summarized further below.

Talent acquisition

Valvoline strives to foster a workplace culture that attracts and retains top, diverse talent at every level. Valvoline's talent acquisition is based on qualifications and experiences of target employees, including "building block" traits

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and capabilities that support strong development early in an employee's career with the Company. Valvoline continues to benefit from substantial investment in talent acquisition to ensure the Company has the right skill set to attract and recruit exceptional diverse talent along with supporting technology to increase efficiency in staffing stores. Valvoline utilizes innovative technology and structured processes intended to attract qualified candidates, including engaging job descriptions designed to reach a larger audience, a quick and mobile-friendly application process, online chat features to proactively address applicant questions, and video storytelling that offers a view of Valvoline's culture through the lens of its own employees. These tools have been created to convey what makes Valvoline unique as an employer to better attract diverse and ideal candidates, and these strong branding and sourcing efforts allow Valvoline to select among the very best.

The Company’s focus on aggressive growth, including the addition of 170 net new system-wide stores in fiscal 2025, creates a critical need for talent to operate those stores. Valvoline utilizes its tools and processes to attract qualified candidates, including providing support to franchise sourcing efforts. Franchisees collaborate through periodic sharing of hiring experiences and best practices to ensure company-operated and franchised locations attract and hire the best candidates to deliver consistent and superior service to Valvoline’s customers.

Training and development

The opportunity to develop and advance, regardless of job role or location, is critical to the success of Valvoline. A key component of the Company’s talent development approach is to provide each team member with the necessary tools and training opportunities to develop within their area of subject matter knowledge. Training is tailored to specific job roles and functions incorporating both on-the-job training as well as virtual or in-person classes and e-learning. Valvoline provides new VIOC and GCOC employees 270 hours of training that is generally completed within the first 60 days of employment leading to their first certification and another 240 hours of training in the next 140 days that supports promotability.

Valvoline provides an Introduction to Management program within its VIOC and GCOC stores where assistant managers interact with leadership team members and peers from other stores to learn about Valvoline's culture, share best practices, and receive management training to prepare them for career advancement. The combination of these efforts enable Valvoline to continue a promote-from-within strategy which has led to a majority of service center managers, area managers, and market manager promotions in the last year being earned by team members who started in hourly positions at VIOC. By engaging team members early, Valvoline provides them with the necessary tools to learn and acquire new skills which increases their value as an employee and, most importantly, affords them the opportunity to advance their careers. Valvoline has been presented with multiple awards over the years that recognize the training and development of its employees.

Employee communication and feedback

In an ongoing effort to understand employees’ needs and deliver on the Company’s values of trust, accountability and collaboration, Valvoline remains focused on transparency and employee feedback. The Company regularly hosts company-wide town halls in which Valvoline’s Chief Executive Officer and other members of senior management inform employees about performance, strategic initiatives, activities, and policies along with providing opportunities for them to ask questions. In addition, Valvoline management is focused on listening to understand what is on the minds of employees by regularly surveying team members to gather real-time feedback as well as identifying opportunities for continuous improvement. Valvoline believes employee survey results are important to evaluate areas for improved communication and are meaningful to recruit and retain top talent, believing satisfied employees are more likely to have a positive impact in the workplace and deliver great customer service.

Total rewards

Valvoline’s total rewards philosophy is to help attract, motivate, develop and retain a qualified and diverse workforce. The Company offers competitive, comprehensive compensation and benefits programs designed to care for the physical, mental, emotional, social and financial well-being of its employees. The Company’s objective is to determine employee compensation based on employee position, experience, location, performance, and the labor markets in which the Company operates. Additionally, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) and senior management are actively involved in determining the Company’s total rewards strategy to help Valvoline provide a positive employee experience.

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The Company provides a wide variety of benefits to eligible full-time and part-time employees. Valvoline’s strategy is to provide competitive benefit programs which align to the competitive business environment and meet the needs of employees through all stages of life. These include:

•Affordable healthcare plans (medical, prescription, dental, vision, maternity, fertility, adoption and telehealth)

•Life, disability, and accident insurance coverage

•Health savings account (HSA) with company contributions

•401(k) retirement savings plan with generous company basic and matching contributions

•Broad Employee Assistance Program and advocacy resources to support both employees and their families

•Tuition reimbursement

•Paid time off, plus holiday pay, paid disability, paid maternity and family leave, and other leave programs.

Health and safety

The Company designs, builds and operates its facilities to promote and protect the health and safety of its employees, known as its "Vamily." Valvoline strives to create a safe and secure environment for every employee and customer and fosters a sense of belonging to promote emotional well-being that enables employees to deliver “V-Class” service to customers. To help reduce the number of incidents at the Company, Valvoline employs safety-specific education as part of its training programs for all employees. Employees begin this training on day one to instill safety precautions and best practices. As part of the broader training curriculum, team members are required to successfully complete execution reports confirming a strong understanding of Valvoline safety measures. Valvoline reinforces this training with an ongoing safety program designed to keep all employees at the store level engaged with the safety culture and focuses on mitigating the risk of incidents.

Diversity and inclusion

Valvoline is committed to creating an inclusive and welcoming environment for its employees and customers where everyone belongs. Valvoline’s goal is for the Company’s workforce to reflect the diverse communities it serves.

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The Company is committed to the inclusion of federally-insured minority depository institutions (“MDIs”) alongside larger banks and financial institutions as part of its overall cash management strategy and has $2.6 million of its cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 with MDIs.

The Company also supports employee-led networking groups (Employee Resource Groups or “ERGs”), which are open to all employees. These ERGs provide a forum to communicate and exchange ideas, build a network of relationships across the Company and pursue personal and professional development. The Company also actively sponsors events that promote diversity and inclusion across the business and its operations to spark engagement, increase education and drive execution.

Corporate Citizenship

Valvoline is committed to serving the communities where its employees live and work, by supporting employees in volunteering their time and talents and through corporate charitable efforts.

The Company has launched Happy to Help to define its community impact work. This initiative is focused on supporting causes that impact children’s physical and mental health. For more than 15 years, one of the Company’s primary non-profit partners has been Children’s Miracle Network. In November, all company-operated stores, as well as participating franchise stores, raise money for local children’s hospitals through customer donations. Each year, the funds raised by the campaign stay local in each community to support the local children’s hospital.

In addition to Children’s Miracle Network, the Company supports non-profit organizations to help train more health care professionals on suicide prevention and award grants to children’s hospitals to fund mental health initiatives. These grants remodeled therapy rooms, purchased psychologically safe entertainment and sensory tools for pediatric emergency departments and more.

Additionally, Valvoline employees support a program that assists Company employees during times of personal hardship by providing short-term financial assistance to eligible service center and corporate employees in immediate financial need because of an accident, illness, injury, death, natural disaster, or other catastrophic event or emergency.

Available information

More information about Valvoline is available on the Company’s website at http://investors.valvoline.com. On this website, Valvoline makes available, free of charge, its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports, as well as any beneficial ownership reports of officers and directors filed on Forms 3, 4 and 5. All such reports are available as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or electronically furnished to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC"). Valvoline also makes available, free of charge on its website, its Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation, By-Laws, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Board Committee Charters, Director Independence Standards, and Code of Conduct that apply to Valvoline’s directors, officers and employees. These documents are also available in print to any shareholder who requests them. The information contained on Valvoline’s website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference in this document. References to website addresses are provided as inactive textual references only. The SEC also maintains a website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and other information and statements regarding issuers, including Valvoline, that file electronically with the SEC.

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Executive officers of Valvoline

The following table sets forth information concerning Valvoline's executive officers as of November 18, 2025:

Lori A. Flees has served as a director and President and Chief Executive Officer of Valvoline since October 2023. Ms. Flees served as President, Retail Services of Valvoline from April 2022 to September 2023. Prior to joining Valvoline, Ms. Flees held various leadership positions at Walmart Inc., serving as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Health & Wellness from August 2020 to March 2022; Senior Vice President and General Merchandising Manager, Sam’s Club Health & Wellness from June 2018 to August 2020; and Senior Vice President, Next Generation Retail and Principal Store No.8 from September 2017 to June 2019.

J. Kevin Willis has served as Valvoline's Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since May 2025. Prior to joining Valvoline, Mr. Willis held various leadership positions at Ashland Inc., including serving as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from May 2013 to April 2025.

Julie M. O’Daniel has served as Valvoline’s Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary since January 2017. Ms. O’Daniel served as General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Valvoline from September 2016 to January 2017 and as Lead Commercial Counsel of Valvoline from April 2014 to September 2016.

Jonathan L. Caldwell has served as Valvoline's Senior Vice President and Chief People Officer since April 2020. Mr. Caldwell served as Senior Director, Human Resources of Valvoline from March 2018 to April 2020 and as Senior Director, Global Talent Management of Valvoline from October 2016 to March 2018.

Linwood R. Fulcher has served as Valvoline's Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since October 2023. Mr. Fulcher served as Vice President, Central Operations and Customer Experience Optimization from August 2022 to September 2023. Prior to joining Valvoline, Mr. Fulcher held various leadership positions at Walmart Inc., serving as Vice President Customer Strategy, Science and Journeys from October 2019 to August 2021; and Vice President Returns from February 2017 to October 2019.

Dione R. Sturgeon has served as Valvoline's Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller since March 2023. Ms. Sturgeon served as Vice President, Corporate Controller from March 2022 to February 2023; as Senior Director, Global Accounting, Reporting & Controls from October 2020 to March 2022; and as Director, Corporate Accounting of Valvoline from August 2016 to October 2020.