Seagate Technology Holdings plc (STX) Business

ITEM 1.BUSINESS

General

Seagate is a leading provider of mass-capacity data storage, accelerating the world’s ability to harness the full value of data. For nearly 50 years, our portfolio of advanced storage solutions has helped hyperscale, cloud service providers (“CSPs”), enterprises and consumers protect, create and manage the data that powers their transformation and growth.

Hard disk drives (“HDDs”) remain a foundational technology for delivering scalable, energy-efficient, mass-capacity storage with favorable storage economics that underpins modern digital infrastructure. Our vertically integrated engineering and manufacturing capabilities, together with continued investment in advanced storage technologies, position us to address customers' evolving storage requirements.

We design and manufacture HDDs, storage systems and related solutions serving two principal end markets:

Data Center: Cloud and enterprise environments that rely on scalable, high-capacity storage infrastructure to support AI-enabled computing, business-critical applications and other data-intensive workloads.

3

Table of Contents

Edge / Internet of Things (“Edge IoT”): Industrial and consumer oriented environments where data is increasingly processed and stored closer to where it is created.

Industry

Data Storage

Data is an increasingly valuable asset for organizations supporting business operations, decision making and innovation. As the value and useful life of data increase, organizations require infrastructure to reliably preserve information and ensure it is accessible. Hard drives remain critical to the data storage industry, supporting the vast majority of exabytes shipped into large data center deployments and enabling organizations to retain and access large data sets across cloud, enterprise, and edge environments.

Market Demand and Trends

According to the International Data Corporation1 (“IDC”), the global datasphere is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 27% through 2030, reaching around 718 zettabytes annually.

As data creation increases, organizations are expanding cloud infrastructure, modernizing data centers and deploying distributed computing environments to store, manage and access larger data sets. AI-enhanced applications are further accelerating data creation, increasing reliance on historical data sets for advanced reasoning and creating new opportunities to derive value from previously stored information. Together with longer data retention, greater data replication and evolving regulatory requirements, we believe these trends support increasing demand for scalable, mass-capacity storage solutions over the long-term.

Products

We offer a broad portfolio of storage solutions tailored to our customers’ ever-changing data demands.

Our Data Center portfolio includes high-capacity HDDs of up to 44TB and storage systems of up to 3.5PB. These purpose-built solutions are designed to support hyperscale, CSPs, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and enterprise organizations, providing scalable storage infrastructure for AI-enabled cloud computing, business-critical applications, content delivery, backup, archive and other large-scale workloads.

Our Edge IoT portfolio includes storage products ranging from 1TB to 32TB to enable applications where data is created, processed and stored closer to its source. These solutions serve industrial, commercial and consumer environments, supporting video and image applications, network-attached storage ("NAS"), smart infrastructure, personal computing, gaming, streaming, creative workflows and data backup.

Customers

We sell our products through a combination of direct and indirect sales channels.

Our Data Center portfolio is sold primarily to CSPs, OEMs, distributors and enterprise organizations. These customers deploy our products across cloud and enterprise environments supporting AI-enabled cloud infrastructure, private data centers and other business-critical applications. Many of our major customers, including OEMs and hyperscale cloud operators, purchase products under master purchase agreements, with deliveries scheduled based on customer purchase orders and demand forecasts. To support demand planning and supply predictability for certain products, particularly high-capacity nearline drives, we work with key customers to establish longer-term demand forecasts and supply commitments, including provisions for cancellation charges in certain circumstances.

Our Edge IoT products are sold primarily through OEMs, distributors, retailers and third-party resellers serving industrial, commercial and consumer markets. These channels enable us to reach customers across a broad range of edge applications, including video and image, NAS, industrial automation, smart infrastructure and consumer storage. Our distributors operate under non-exclusive agreements that typically include customary sales programs, limited rights of return and price protection provisions. Our retail channel primarily serves casual users, gamers and creative professionals through branded storage products sold directly to retailers or through our distribution partners.

Additional information regarding significant customers is included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 15. Revenue”.

1 IDC Worldwide Global DataSphere Forecast, 2026-2030, Doc #US54587626, June 2026.

4

Table of Contents

Competitive Differentiation

Our competitive differentiation is built on decades of storage innovation, vertically integrated engineering and manufacturing capabilities along with a technology roadmap designed to advance both storage capacity and system performance. These innovations enable us to develop scalable storage solutions that address the evolving requirements of modern data infrastructure.

Our technology roadmap is centered on advancing areal density, which increases the amount of data that can be stored on a disk's recording surface. Through innovations such as our Mozaic platform, which incorporates our unique implementation of heat-assisted magnetic recording ("HAMR") technology, advanced magnetic recording with proprietary photonics and other innovations, we enable higher storage densities and drive capacities in a capital efficient manner. These innovations establish a foundation for continued increases in HDD capacity across future product generations.

We continue to complement our areal density-driven technology roadmap with innovations designed to address customers' evolving requirements as drive capacities scale. To enable customers to process larger volumes of data more efficiently, we continue to advance performance-optimizing technologies, including multi-actuation, advanced channel coding and signal processing that improve data throughput and system performance for increasingly demanding workloads.

Vertical Integration

We design and manufacture many of the critical technologies incorporated into our HDD products, including read/write heads, magnetic recording media and other core components. Our vertically integrated approach enables close coordination across development, product design and manufacturing teams helping us to accelerate technology transitions, optimize product performance and efficiently scale manufacturing of new technologies.

Technology Platforms

We leverage common technology platforms across our HDD and storage systems portfolio to accelerate product development, improve manufacturing and supply chain efficiencies and support rapid deployment. This platform approach enables us to deliver differentiated storage solutions while responding efficiently to evolving customer and workload requirements.

Manufacturing and Supply Chain

Manufacturing Strategy

Our manufacturing strategy combines vertically integrated design and production with a global manufacturing footprint to support the development and delivery of advanced data storage products. We design and manufacture many of the critical technologies incorporated into our HDD products and leverage strategic suppliers and contract manufacturers for selected components and assembly operations. Certain components and raw materials are available from a limited number of suppliers, and we may enter into long-term supply arrangements to support product availability and manufacturing continuity.

This approach enables us to optimize product performance, accelerate technology transitions, enhance manufacturing efficiency and better manage product quality and costs. We continue to invest in manufacturing automation, AI and ML, process improvements and supply chain integration to enhance operational efficiency, increase manufacturing yields and support new product introductions.

Component manufacturing, subassembly and final test and assembly operations are performed at facilities in China, Malaysia, Northern Ireland, Singapore, Thailand and the United States.

Supply Chain and Raw Materials

Our manufacturing operations depend on the availability of key components, raw materials and global logistics. Our product production requires commodities and specialty materials, including certain rare earth elements, precious metals and specialized alloys, which may be subject to supply constraints or price volatility.

Our business requires substantial capital investment and efficient utilization of manufacturing capacity. Changes in customer demand, supplier capacity, component availability, commodity pricing or transportation costs may affect our manufacturing operations, operating costs and financial results. We continually evaluate our manufacturing network, supplier relationships and logistics strategies to improve operational resilience and support customer demand.

5

Table of Contents

Competition

Our global competitors include HDD manufacturers such as Western Digital Corporation and Toshiba Electronics Devices & Storage Corporation along with NAND flash suppliers that provide and enable alternative storage technologies, as well as storage systems and solutions providers.

Customers evaluate these solutions based on a variety of factors, including capacity, performance, reliability, product quality, total cost of ownership, energy efficiency, supply continuity, security features, technical support and the ability to meet evolving workload requirements. The relative importance of these factors varies by customer and application.

We believe our areal density-driven technology roadmap, vertically integrated capabilities, and ongoing investments in advanced recording technologies, manufacturing capabilities and product innovation make us well positioned to continue supporting our customers' evolving storage requirements.

Demand Patterns

Demand for our products varies across our Data Center and Edge IoT end markets based on customer investment cycles, technology transitions, macroeconomic conditions and seasonal purchasing patterns. The data storage industry is also characterized by ongoing technology innovation, rapid product transitions and periodic fluctuations in supply and demand. Pricing for comparable products may be affected by industry capacity, customer demand, and the pace of new product introductions.

The vast majority of our business is derived from the Data Center markets. Demand in these markets may fluctuate based on customer procurement and deployment schedules, information technology spending and the timing of new technology deployments. Demand from cloud customers may also vary based on the timing of hyperscale infrastructure investments, while enterprise demand is influenced by ongoing IT modernization and data center refresh cycles.

Our Edge IoT market, including Consumer Solutions, has historically experienced seasonal demand patterns, with higher sales typically occurring in the first half of our fiscal year, primarily reflecting back-to-school and year-end holiday purchasing.

As a result, the timing of customer purchasing decisions, product transitions and broader market conditions may affect the variability of our operating results from period to period.

Research and Development

Research and development (“R&D”) is central to our long-term growth strategy. We invest in the development of new products and technologies that advance areal density, product reliability, energy efficiency, performance and storage economics to address increasing customer demand and their evolving requirements for higher capacity data storage solutions.

Our R&D focuses on advancing recording technologies, including photonics, materials science and other technologies that support future generations of mass-capacity storage. We also develop storage systems, firmware and manufacturing technologies while supporting product qualification, technology transitions and the commercialization of new products. Close collaboration between our research, engineering and manufacturing organizations enables us to accelerate innovation and efficiently transition new technologies into volume production.

Our primary R&D facilities are in Northern Ireland, Singapore, Thailand and the United States. Our level of investment varies based on technology roadmaps, product development priorities, qualification activities and the timing of new product introductions.

Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property is an important component of our competitive position and supports the development and commercialization of our data storage technologies and products.

As of July 3, 2026, we held approximately 3,036 U.S. patents and 226 patents issued in various non-U.S. jurisdictions, as well as approximately 273 U.S. and 29 non-U.S. pending patent applications. The number of patents and patent applications varies over time as part of our ongoing intellectual property portfolio management activities.

Because the data storage industry is characterized by rapid technological innovation, we rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, proprietary know-how, copyright and trade secret laws, confidentiality agreements, security measures, licensing arrangements and continued innovation to protect our intellectual property and maintain our competitive position. We continue to seek appropriate protection for technologies developed through our research and development activities.

6

Table of Contents

The data storage industry is also characterized by intellectual property litigation and licensing activity. From time to time, we receive claims alleging that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. While we have resolved many such matters without a material adverse effect on our business, certain claims remain pending and additional claims may arise in the future.

For additional information regarding legal proceedings and contingencies, see “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 12. Legal, Environmental and Other Contingencies”.

Environmental Responsibility

Our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where we operate, including those governing emissions, wastewater, hazardous substances, waste management, site remediation and product environmental compliance. We are committed to conducting our operations responsibly and maintaining environmental management systems designed to support compliance with applicable laws, regulations and permit requirements.

We regularly evaluate our environmental obligations and invest in programs, processes and infrastructure that support compliance with evolving environmental requirements. Future changes in environmental laws or regulations may require additional operating expenditures or capital investments.

From time to time, we are identified as a responsible or potentially responsible party in connection with the investigation or remediation of environmental sites. Based on information currently available, we do not expect these matters to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operational results.

Our products are also subject to environmental and product stewardship requirements in various jurisdictions, including restrictions on the use of certain substances and other product compliance regulations. We work collaboratively with our suppliers to support compliance with applicable environmental and product stewardship requirements throughout our supply chain.

Human Capital

Our success depends on our ability to attract, develop and retain a highly skilled global workforce. Our employees drive innovation and operational excellence through their expertise and dedication, and we are committed to fostering a respectful, collaborative and inclusive workplace. As of July 3, 2026, we employed approximately 30,000 full-time employees worldwide, including approximately 25,000 employees located in Asia.

Culture of Inclusion

We believe fostering an inclusive workplace encourages diverse perspectives, strengthens collaboration and advances innovation across our global workforce. We support these efforts through Employee Resource Groups ("ERGs"), which are voluntary, employee-led communities that provide opportunities for networking, professional development and connection. Our ERGs operate through 32 chapters across eight countries and are supported by Seagate leaders. We also recognize cultural and heritage events across our global locations to reflect the diverse backgrounds and experiences of our employees and strengthen connections across our workforce.

Talent Development

We support our employees through competitive compensation and benefits, learning and development opportunities, internal career mobility and employee engagement initiatives. Our performance management approach emphasizes ongoing dialogue between managers and employees to align priorities, support development and provide continuous feedback. We also provide mentoring, coaching, technical and leadership training, on-the-job learning and other professional development opportunities. We regularly assess employee engagement through surveys and other feedback mechanisms to better understand workforce sentiment, identify opportunities for improvement and inform actions across the organization. Our Total Rewards program includes base salary, incentive compensation, equity awards, retirement savings and health and wellness benefits. Our compensation programs are designed to align pay with company and individual performance while remaining competitive in the markets where we operate.

Community Engagement

We support employee volunteerism and community engagement through STEM education, environmental stewardship and locally organized initiatives. During fiscal year 2026, these efforts included educational programming for students, environmental cleanup and tree-planting activities, and community partnerships across our global locations.

7

Table of Contents

Health and Safety

All Seagate manufacturing sites are certified to the International Organization for Standardization ("ISO") 45001 standard. Additionally, our operations are audited against workplace safety requirements established by the Responsible Business Alliance ("RBA"). Our global Environment, Health and Safety ("EHS") management systems are designed to meet or exceed applicable regulatory and industry requirements and support the continuous improvement of workplace safety across our operations. We regularly undergo regulatory inspections and provide employees with health and safety training appropriate to their roles.

Sustainability Report

Additional information regarding our commitment to sustainability can be found in the Sustainability section of our website and in our annual Sustainability Report. Information provided in those resources is not incorporated by reference into this or any other report we filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Financial Information

Financial information for our reportable business segment and about geographic areas is set forth in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 14. Business Segment and Geographic Information”.

Corporate Information

Seagate Technology Holdings plc is a public limited company organized under the laws of Ireland.

Available Information

Availability of Reports. We are a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Exchange Act”), and we file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Because we make filings to the SEC electronically, the public may access this information at the SEC's website: www.sec.gov. This site contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Website Access. Our website is www.seagate.com. We make available, free of charge at the “Investor Relations” section of our website (investors.seagate.com), our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the 1934 Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. Reports of beneficial ownership filed pursuant to Section 16(a) of the 1934 Exchange Act are also available on our website.

Investors. Investors and others should note that we routinely use the Investor Relations section of our website to announce material information to investors and the marketplace. While not all of the information that the Company posts on its corporate website is of a material nature, some information could be deemed to be material. Accordingly, the Company encourages investors, the media and others interested in the Company to review the information that it shares on www.seagate.com. Information in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated into this Form 10-K.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following sets forth the name, age and position of each of the persons who were serving as executive officers as of August 4, 2026. There are no family relationships among any of our executive officers.

8

Table of Contents

Dr. William D. Mosley, 59, has served as our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) since October 2017, as a member of the Board since July 2017 and as Board Chair since October 2025. He previously served as our President and Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) from June 2016 to September 2017. He also served as our President of Operations and Technology from October 2013 to June 2016 and as our Executive Vice President of Operations from March 2011 until October 2013. Prior to these positions, Dr. Mosley served as Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing from February 2009 through March 2011; Senior Vice President of Global Disk Storage Operations from 2007 to 2009; and Vice President of Research and Development, Engineering from 2002 to 2007. He joined Seagate in 1996 as a Senior Engineer with a PhD in solid state physics. From 1996 to 2002, he served at Seagate in varying roles of increasing responsibility until his promotion to Vice President.

Gianluca Romano, 57, has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since January 2019. From October 2011 to December 2018, Mr. Romano served as Corporate Vice President, Business Finance and Accounting at Micron Technology, Inc. (“Micron”), a producer of computer memory and computer data storage. Prior to his role at Micron, Mr. Romano served as Vice President Finance, Corporate Controller at Numonyx, Inc., a flash memory company which was acquired by Micron in February 2010, from 2008 to 2010. From 1994 until 2008, Mr. Romano held various finance positions at STMicroelectronics, an electronics and semiconductor manufacturer, most recently as Group Vice-President, Central & North Europe Finance Director, Shared Accounting Services Director.

Ban Seng Teh, 60, has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer since July 2022. Prior to that, Mr. Teh served as Executive Vice President of Global Sales and Sales Operations from February 2021 to July 2022 and Senior Vice President of Global Sales and Sales Operations from November 2014 to February 2021. Mr. Teh also served as our Senior Vice President of Asia-Pacific and Japan Sales and marketing from July 2010 to November 2014. Mr. Teh joined Seagate in 1989 as a field customer engineer and has served in varying roles of increasing responsibilities, including as Vice President, Asia Pacific Sales and Marketing (Singapore) from January 2008 to July 2010; Vice President, Sales Operations from 2006 to 2008; Vice President, Asia Pacific Sales from 2003 to 2006; Director, Marketing and APAC Distribution Sales from 1999 to 2003; and Country Manager, South Asia Sales from 1996 to 1999.

James C. Lee, 56, has served as our Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary since July 2025. He previously served as our Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary from June 2024 to July 2025. Mr. Lee oversees all legal operations, government relations and public policy at Seagate. Before joining our company, Mr. Lee served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary at Maxar Technologies, a space technology company, from April 2019 to June 2024. Prior to Maxar Technologies, Mr. Lee worked at Aramark Corporation, a food and facilities service provider, for 15 years.

KianFatt Chong, 63, has served as our Executive Vice President, Global Operations since July 2025. Prior to his current role, Mr. Chong was Senior Vice President, Global Operations from October 2020 to July 2025 and Senior Vice President, Global Drive Operations from December 2013 to September 2020. He served as Vice President of China Operations from July 2003 to November 2013, expanding and also spearheading the first campus concept in Seagate with multiple manufacturing operations disciplines all located in a single site. Since joining Seagate in 1989 as an engineer, Mr. Chong has held a variety of leadership positions and has been a key strategic contributor for many of Seagate’s operations and manufacturing capabilities across the global footprints.

Dr. John C. Morris, 59, has served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer since July 2025. Prior to his current role, he served as our Senior Vice President, HDD and SSD Products and Chief Technology Officer from 2019 to July 2025. Dr. Morris also served as the Vice President of HDD and SSD Products from August 2015 to August 2019 and as Vice President of Design Engineering and Enterprise Development Group driving focus on technical and strategic alignment with enterprise and cloud customers from September 2013 to August 2015. Since joining the Company in 1996, Dr. Morris has held a variety of engineering leadership positions and has been a key contributor to many of Seagate’s core technologies.