Sprouts Farmers Market, Inc. (SFM) FY 2024 MD&A

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as "Part II—Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024, which provides comparisons of fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” or in other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Please also see the section entitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Business Overview

Sprouts Farmers Market offers a unique specialty grocery experience featuring an open layout with fresh produce at the heart of the store. Sprouts inspires wellness naturally with a carefully curated assortment of better-for-you products paired with purpose-driven people. We continue to bring the latest in wholesome, innovative products made with lifestyle-friendly ingredients such as organic, plant-based and gluten-free. From our founding in 2002, we have grown rapidly, significantly increasing our sales, store count and profitability. Headquartered in Phoenix with 440 stores in 24 states as of December 29, 2024, we are one of the largest and fastest growing specialty retailers of fresh, natural and organic food in the United States.

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Outlook

We continue to execute on our long-term growth strategy that we believe is transforming our company and driving profitable growth, focusing on the following areas:

•Win with Target Customers. We are focusing attention on our target customers, identified through research as ‘health enthusiasts’ and ‘selective shoppers’, where there is ample opportunity to gain share within these customer segments. We believe our business can continue to grow by leveraging existing strengths in a unique assortment of better-for-you, quality products and by providing a full omnichannel offering through delivery or pickup via our website or the Sprouts app.

•Market Expansion. We are delivering unique smaller stores with expectations of stronger returns, while maintaining the approachable, fresh-focused farmer’s market heritage Sprouts is known for. From 2021 through 2024, we have opened 75 new stores and remodeled one store featuring our updated format. Our geographic store expansion and new store placement will intersect where our target customers live, in markets with growth potential and supply chain support, which we believe will provide a long runway of approximately 10% annual unit growth.

•Create an Advantaged Supply Chain. We believe our network of distribution centers can drive efficiencies across the chain and support growth plans. To further deliver on our fresh commitment and reputation, as well as to increase our local offerings and improve financial results, we aspire to ultimately position fresh distribution centers within a 250-mile radius of stores. Following the opening of two fresh distribution centers in fiscal 2021 and the relocation of our Southern California distribution center, closure of our Georgia distribution center and partnership with a third-party fresh distribution center in the Northeast in fiscal 2023, we are better leveraging our existing distribution center capacity, and approximately 80% of our stores were within 250 miles of a distribution center as of December 29, 2024.

•Customer Engagement and Personalization. We believe we are elevating our national brand recognition and positioning by telling our unique brand story rooted in product innovation and differentiation. We are increasing our use of data analytics and insights. We believe this data-driven intelligence will increase customer engagement through personalization efforts with digital and social connections to drive additional sales growth and loyalty.

•Inspire and Engage Our Talent to Create a Best Place to Work. Subsequent to the initial launch of our long-term growth strategy, we have added the focus area of inspiring and engaging our talent through our culture, acquisition and development and total rewards program to attract and retain the talent we believe we need to execute on our strategic goals and transform our company into a premier place to work.

•Invest in Technology for Growth. We continue to make investments in technology in support of our strategy, with a focus on enhancing efficiency, scalability, and customer experience. While we are showing positive outcomes on our strategic investments in inventory management and customer personalization, we believe that ongoing investments in our technology foundation will allow us to streamline operations and improve decision making to execute on our strategy.

•Deliver on Key Financial Metrics. We are measuring and reporting on the success of this strategy against a number of long-term financial and operational targets. Since the implementation of our strategy beginning in 2020, we have significantly improved our margin structure above our 2019 baseline.

As a step to improve our fresh supply chain, we are currently in the process of transitioning from our primary meat and seafood distributor that accounted for approximately 14% of our total purchases in each of fiscal 2024 and 2023. We expect to initially transition to an intermediary third-party distributor and ultimately to a self-distribution model under which we will deal directly with our suppliers. As with complex transitions of this magnitude, there are associated short-term risks, including in particular, potential product supply disruptions resulting in lost sales at our stores and transition-related expenses that exceed our expectations. See “Business—Sourcing and Distribution” and “Risk Factors—Disruption of significant supplier relationships could negatively affect our business.”

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Components of Operating Results

We report our results of operations on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Sunday closest to December 31, with each fiscal quarter generally divided into three periods consisting of two four-week periods and one five-week period. Fiscal 2024, fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were 52-week years ending on December 29, 2024, December 31, 2023 and January 1, 2023, respectively.

Net Sales

We recognize sales revenue at the point of sale, with discounts provided to customers reflected as a reduction in sales revenue. Proceeds from sales of gift cards are recorded as a liability at the time of sale and recognized as sales when they are redeemed by the customer. See Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information on revenue recognition related to gift cards. We do not include sales taxes in net sales.

We monitor our comparable store sales growth to evaluate and identify trends in our sales performance. Our practice is to include sales from a store in comparable store sales beginning on the first day of the 61st week following a store’s opening or date of acquisition and to exclude sales from a closed store from comparable store sales on the day of closure. This practice may differ from the methods that other retailers use to calculate similar measures.

Historically, our net sales have increased as a result of new store openings and comparable store sales growth. Additional factors that influence comparable store sales growth and other sales trends include:

•general economic conditions and trends, including levels of disposable income and consumer confidence;

•our competition, including competitive store openings in the vicinity of our stores and competitor pricing and merchandising strategies;

•consumer preferences and buying trends;

•our ability to identify market trends, and to source and provide product offerings that promote customer traffic and growth in average ticket;

•the number of customer transactions and average ticket;

•the prices of our products, including the effects of factors beyond our control, such as inflation, deflation and tariffs;

•opening new stores in the vicinity of our existing stores; and

•advertising, in-store merchandising and other marketing activities.

Cost of sales and gross profit

Cost of sales includes the cost of inventory sold during the period, including direct costs of purchased merchandise (net of discounts and allowances), distribution and supply chain costs, and depreciation and amortization expense for distribution centers and supply chain-related assets. Merchandise incentives received from vendors, which are reflected in the carrying value of inventory when earned or as progress is made toward earning the rebate or allowance, and are reflected as a component of cost of sales as the inventory is sold. Inflation and deflation in the prices of food and other products we sell may periodically affect our gross profit and gross margin. Tariffs, such as those recently proposed by the U.S. government on goods imported from Mexico, Canada, China and certain other countries, may result in cost increases on products such as produce that we import from impacted countries, as well as products containing ingredients imported from these countries. While we are still evaluating the potential impact of these tariffs, the short-term impact of tariffs, inflation, and deflation is largely dependent on whether or not we pass the effects through to our customers, which will largely depend upon competitive market conditions.

Our cost of sales and gross profit are correlated to sales volumes. As sales increase, gross margin is affected by the relative mix of products sold, pricing and promotional strategies, inventory shrinkage and leverage of fixed costs of sales.

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Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, wages and benefits costs, share-based compensation, store occupancy costs (including rent, property taxes, utilities, common area maintenance and insurance), advertising costs, buying costs, pre-opening and other administrative costs.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of sales) primarily consists of depreciation and amortization for buildings, store leasehold improvements, and equipment.

Store closure and other costs, net

Store closure and other costs, net primarily reflects impairment charges of long-lived assets and costs incurred related to store closures, including severance and any exit costs associated with closing a store, in addition to occupancy costs associated with closed store locations. One-time disaster recovery costs are also included here.

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Results of Operations for Fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022

The following tables set forth our results of operations and other operating data for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of financial results to be achieved in future periods. Each of fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 consisted of 52 weeks.

(1)Stores opened is exclusive of two store relocations during fiscal 2024.

(2)Total square feet at the end of the period includes the square footage for all stores that were open as of the end of the fiscal year presented and excludes any vacant or subleased space.

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Comparison of Fiscal 2024 to 2023

Net sales

Net sales during 2024 totaled $7.7 billion, increasing 13%, over the prior fiscal year. The sales increase was driven by a 7.6% increase in comparable store sales, in part due to an increase in basket value due to retail price inflation, in addition to sales from new stores opening since the prior year, partially offset by a slight reduction in the number of items per basket and the impact of store closures. See "Impact of Inflation and Deflation." Comparable store sales contributed approximately 94% of total sales in 2024 and 95% of total sales in 2023.

Cost of sales and gross profit

Gross profit increased during 2024 compared to 2023 by $419.7 million to $2.9 billion driven by increased sales volume for the reasons discussed above. Gross margin increased by 1.2% to 38.1% compared to 36.9%. The increase was a result of favorable shrink, continued promotional optimization, and positive results from our selling, general and administrative expense investments we have made over the past few years.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $290.9 million, or 15%, compared to 2023 due to the net increase in new stores opened since the prior year and higher payroll and incentive compensation costs. In addition, we experienced the effects of higher credit card and ecommerce fees resulting from an increase in sales compared to the prior year.

Depreciation and amortization

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Depreciation and amortization expense (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of sales) was $132.7 million in 2024, compared to $131.9 million in 2023. Depreciation and amortization expense (exclusive of depreciation included in cost of sales) primarily consists of depreciation and amortization for buildings, store leasehold improvements, and equipment for new stores as well as remodel initiatives in older stores. Depreciation and amortization in 2023 was inclusive of $5.9 million in accelerated depreciation in connection with the closing of certain underperforming stores during 2023. See Note 26, “Store Closures” to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Store closure and other costs, net

Store closure and other costs, net decreased by $26.4 million to $12.9 million in 2024 compared to $39.3 million in 2023. Store closure and other costs, net in 2024 was primarily related to ongoing occupancy costs incurred in connection with our closed store locations. Store closure and other costs, net in 2023 primarily consisted of $30.5 million of impairment losses related to the write-down of leasehold improvements and right-of-use assets, of which $27.8 million was incurred in association with the decision to close 11 underperforming stores. See Note 26, "Store Closures" to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Interest (income) expense, net

The decrease in interest (income) expense, net was primarily due to higher interest income earned as a result of higher interest rates and lower credit facility fees due to lower average debt outstanding. See Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Income tax provision

Income tax provision increased by $41.2 million to $126.1 million for 2024 from $84.9 million for 2023, and the effective income tax rate increased to 24.9% in 2024 from 24.7% in 2023 primarily due to a reduction in federal credits and reduced impact of other permanent items due to higher pre-tax income, offset by a reduction in state taxes due to a state valuation allowance recorded in the prior year.

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Net income

Net income increased $121.7 million primarily due to higher gross profit and lower store closure and other costs, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses for the reasons discussed above.

Diluted earnings per share

The increase in diluted earnings per share of $1.25 was driven by higher net income as well as fewer diluted shares outstanding compared to the prior year, due to our repurchase of approximately 2.7 million shares for a total cost of $240.6 million, including excise tax of 1%, under our share repurchase program.

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Return on Invested Capital

In addition to reporting financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we provide information regarding Return on Invested Capital (referred to as “ROIC”) as additional information about our operating results. ROIC is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be reviewed in isolation or considered as a substitute for our financial results as reported in accordance with GAAP. ROIC is an important measure used by management to evaluate our investment returns on capital and provides a meaningful measure of the effectiveness of our capital allocation over time.

We define ROIC as net operating profit after tax (referred to as “NOPAT”), including the effect of capitalized operating leases, divided by average invested capital. Operating lease interest represents the add-back to operating income driven by the hypothetical interest expense we would incur if the property under our operating leases were owned or accounted for as a finance lease. The assumed ownership and associated interest expense are calculated using the discount rate for each lease as recorded as a component of rent expense within selling, general and administrative expenses. Invested capital reflects a trailing four-quarter average.

As numerous methods exist for calculating ROIC, our method may differ from methods used by other companies to calculate their ROIC. It is important to understand the methods and the differences in those methods used by other companies to calculate their ROIC before comparing our ROIC to that of other companies.

Our calculation of ROIC for the fiscal years indicated was as follows:

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(1)Net income amounts represent total net income for the past four trailing quarters.

(2)Special items related to store closure, supply chain transition costs related to our new and recently expanded distribution centers and acquisition related charges net of tax.

(3)Net of tax amounts are calculated using the normalized effective tax rate for the periods presented.

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(4)2024, 2023 and 2022 estimated interest on operating leases is calculated by multiplying operating leases by the 7.0%, 7.2% and 7.1% discount rate, respectively, for each lease recorded as rent expense within direct store expense.

(5)2024, 2023 and 2022 average operating leases represents the average net present value of outstanding lease obligations over the trailing four quarters.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table sets forth the major sources and uses of cash for each of the periods set forth below, as well as our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of each period (in thousands):

We have generally financed our operations principally through cash generated from operations and borrowings under our credit facilities. Our primary uses of cash are for purchases of inventory, operating expenses, capital expenditures primarily for opening new stores, remodels and maintenance, repurchases of our common stock and debt service. Our principal contractual obligations and commitments consist of obligations under our Credit Agreement, interest on our Credit Agreement, operating and finance leases, purchase commitments and self-insurance liabilities. Our operating and finance leases for the rental of land, buildings, and for rental of facilities and equipment expire or become subject to renewal clauses at various dates through 2048. We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, and cash anticipated to be generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including new store openings, remodel and maintenance capital expenditures at existing stores, store initiatives and other corporate capital expenditures and activities. Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash position benefits from the fact that we generally collect cash from sales to customers the same day or, in the case of credit or debit card transactions, within days from the related sale.

Operating Activities

Cash flows from operating activities increased $180.1 million to $645.2 million in 2024 compared to $465.1 million in 2023. The increase in cash flows from operating activities was primarily a result of higher net income adjusted for non-cash items of $130.3 million and favorable changes in working capital of $80.9 million, partially offset by higher payments on our operating lease liabilities of $29.7 million due to growth.

Cash flows provided by operating activities from changes in working capital were $112.3 million in 2024, compared to $31.4 million in 2023. This $80.9 million increase in cash flow from changes in working capital was primarily attributable to the following factors, each of which had a positive impact on working capital: (i) a $26.8 million change in accounts receivable driven by the timing of collections as well as a $43.3 million change in accounts payable and accrued liabilities, primarily due to timing differences of payments for goods and services (ii) a $9.7 million change in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily due to timing differences of tax payments; and (iii) a $10.4 million change in accrued salaries and benefits due to increased incentive compensation accruals in the current year. These increases were partially offset by a a $9.3 million change in inventories primarily due to inflationary cost increases in the prior year.

Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures in new stores, including leasehold improvements and store equipment, capital expenditures to maintain the appearance of our stores, sales enhancing initiatives and other corporate investments as well as cash outlays for acquisitions. Cash flows used in investing activities were $230.4 million and $238.3 million for 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in purchases of property and equipment was primarily due to more stores under construction in 2024 as

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compared to 2023 and heavier investment in upgraded equipment to support our initiatives. Cash flows used in investing activities in 2023 also included our acquisition of Ronald Cohn, Inc. See Note 27, "Business Combination" to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We expect capital expenditures to be in the range of $230 - $250 million in 2025, net of estimated landlord tenant improvement allowances, primarily to fund investments in new stores, remodels, maintenance capital expenditures and corporate capital expenditures. We expect to fund our capital expenditures with cash on hand and cash generated from operating activities. We do not have any material contractual commitments for future capital expenditures as of December 29, 2024.

Financing Activities

Cash flows used in financing activities were $351.5 million for 2024 compared to $318.0 million for 2023. During 2024, cash flows used in financing activities primarily consisted of approximately $228.5 million for share repurchases and $125.0 million in payments on our Credit Agreement, $1.8 million for payments of excise tax on share repurchases partially offset by $4.9 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. During 2023, cash flows used in financing activities primarily consisted of approximately $203.5 million for share repurchases and $125.0 million in payments on our Credit Agreement, partially offset by $11.5 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Long-term Debt and Credit Facilities

The Company had no long-term debt outstanding as of December 29, 2024. Long-term debt outstanding as of December 31, 2023 was $125.0 million.

See Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of our Credit Agreement.

Share Repurchase Program

Our board of directors from time to time authorizes share repurchase programs for our common stock. The following table outlines the share repurchase programs authorized by our board, and the related repurchase activity and available authorization as of December 29, 2024:

The shares under our current repurchase program may be purchased on a discretionary basis from time to time through the applicable expiration date, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or other means, including through Rule 10b5-1 trading plans. Our board’s authorization of the share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock, and the repurchase program may be commenced, suspended, or discontinued at any time.

Share repurchase activity under our repurchase programs for the periods indicated was as follows (total cost in thousands):

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Shares purchased under our repurchase programs were subsequently retired and the excess of the repurchase price over par value was charged to retained earnings. The cost of common shares repurchased included the 1% excise tax imposed as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.

Subsequent to December 29, 2024 and through February 18, 2025, the Company repurchased an additional 0.7 million shares of common stock for $93.7 million, excluding excise tax.

Factors Affecting Liquidity

We can currently borrow under our Credit Agreement, up to an initial aggregate commitment of $700.0 million, which may be increased from time to time pursuant to an expansion feature set forth in the Credit Agreement. We have previously utilized borrowings under our Credit Agreement to fund our share repurchase program as described above. The interest rate we pay on our borrowings increases as our net leverage ratio increases and may increase or decrease based upon the achievement of certain diversity and sustainability-linked metric thresholds.

The Credit Agreement contains financial, affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include, among other things, limitations on our ability to:

•incur additional indebtedness;

•grant additional liens;

•enter into sale-leaseback transactions;

•make loans or investments;

•merge, consolidate or enter into acquisitions;

•pay dividends or distributions;

•enter into transactions with affiliates;

•enter into new lines of business;

•modify the terms of debt or other material agreements; and

•change our fiscal year.

Each of these covenants is subject to customary and other agreed-upon exceptions.

In addition, the Credit Agreement requires that we and our subsidiaries maintain a maximum total net leverage ratio not to exceed 3.75 to 1.00, which ratio may be increased from time to time in connection with certain permitted acquisitions pursuant to conditions as set forth in the Credit Agreement, and a minimum interest coverage ratio not to be less than 3.00 to 1.00. Each of these covenants is tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter, starting with the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024.

We were in compliance with all applicable covenants under the Credit Agreement as of December 29, 2024.

Our Credit Agreement is defined and more fully described in Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities” to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Contractual Obligations

Our principal contractual obligations and commitments consist of obligations under our Credit Agreement, interest on our Credit Agreement, operating and finance leases, purchase commitments and self-insurance liabilities. See Note 7, "Leases," Note 13, “Long-Term Debt and Finance Lease Liabilities,” Note 15, "Self-Insurance Programs" and Note 18, "Commitments and Contingencies" to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on the nature and timing of these obligations.

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The future amount and timing of interest payments are expected to vary with the outstanding amounts and then prevailing contractual interest rates. Interest and fee payments through the March 25, 2027 maturity date of our Credit Agreement based on the outstanding amounts as of December 29, 2024 and interest rates in effect at the time of this filing, are estimated to be approximately $1.9 million. These payments are estimated to be approximately $0.8 million in 2025 and approximately $1.1 million thereafter.

Real estate obligations, consisting of legally binding minimum lease payments for leases executed but not yet commenced, were $756.9 million as of December 29, 2024, including $9.7 million in 2025 and $747.2 million thereafter through 2044.

Our purchase commitments under noncancelable service and supply contracts that are enforceable and legally binding totaled $37.5 million as of December 29, 2024, including $19.6 million in 2025 and $17.9 million thereafter through 2029. Obligations under contracts that we can cancel without a significant penalty are not included in purchase commitments.

We periodically make other commitments and become subject to other contractual obligations that we believe to be routine in nature and incidental to the operation of the business. Management believes that such routine commitments and contractual obligations do not have a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Impact of Inflation and Deflation

Inflation and deflation in the prices of food and other products we sell may periodically affect our sales, gross profit and gross margin. Food inflation, when combined with reduced consumer spending, could also reduce sales, gross profit margins and comparable store sales. Inflationary pressures on compensation, utilities, commodities, equipment and supplies may also impact our profitability. Food deflation across multiple categories, particularly in produce, could reduce sales growth and earnings if our competitors react by lowering their retail pricing and expanding their promotional activities, which can lead to retail deflation higher than cost deflation that could reduce our sales, gross profit margins and comparable store sales. The short-term impact of inflation and deflation is largely dependent on whether or not the effects are passed through to our customers, which is subject to competitive market conditions.

Food inflation and deflation is affected by a variety of factors and our determination of whether to pass on the effects of inflation or deflation to our customers is made in conjunction with our overall pricing and marketing strategies, as well as our competitors’ responses. Although we may experience periodic effects on sales, gross profit, gross margins and cash flows as a result of changing prices, we do not expect the effect of inflation or deflation to have a material impact on our ability to execute our long-term business strategy.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. These principles require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses, cash flow and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and our actual results, our future financial statements will be affected.

We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following accounting policies involve the most difficult, complex or subjective judgments: inventories, lease assumptions, self-insurance reserves, goodwill and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets, and income taxes. Accordingly, we believe these are the most critical to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations.

Inventories

We value our inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The significant estimate used in inventory valuation is the estimate of inventory shrinkage.

Shrink expense is accrued as a percentage of sales based on historical shrink trends. We perform physical inventories regularly, and our shrink accrual represents the loss estimate since the last physical inventory date through the reporting date. Actual physical inventory losses could vary significantly from our estimates due to changes in market conditions and other internal or external factors.

We believe that all inventories are saleable and no allowances or reserves for obsolescence were recorded as of December 29, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Lease Assumptions

The most significant estimates used by management in accounting for leases and the impact of those estimates are as follows:

Expected lease term—Our expected lease term includes both contractual lease periods and option periods that are determined to be reasonably certain. The expected lease term is used in determining whether the lease is accounted for as an operating lease or a finance lease. An increase in the expected lease term will increase the probability that a lease will be considered a finance lease and will generally result in higher interest and depreciation expense for a leased property recorded on our balance sheets.

Incremental borrowing rate—The incremental borrowing rate is primarily used in determining whether the lease is accounted for as an operating lease or a finance lease. An increase in the incremental borrowing rate decreases the net present value of the minimum lease payments and reduces the probability that a lease will be considered a finance lease. For finance leases, the incremental borrowing rate is also used in allocating our rental payments between interest expense and a reduction of the outstanding obligation.

Fair market value of the leased asset—The fair market value of leased retail property is generally estimated based on comparable market data provided by third-party sources and evaluated using the experience of our development staff. Fair market value is used in determining whether the lease is accounted for as an operating lease or a finance lease.

Self-Insurance Reserves

We are self-insured for costs related to workers’ compensation, general liability and employee health benefits up to certain self-insured retentions and stop-loss limits. As of December 29, 2024, the consolidated self-insurance reserve balance was $53.2 million, of which a majority of the balance related to workers' compensation and general liability reserves. Liabilities for self-insurance reserves are estimated based on

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independent actuarial estimates, which are based on historical information and assumptions about future events. We utilize various techniques, including analysis of historical trends and actuarial valuation methods, to estimate the cost to settle reported claims and claims incurred but not yet reported as of the balance sheet date. The actuarial valuation methods consider loss development factors, which include the development time frame and expected claim reporting and settlement patterns, and expected loss costs, which include the expected frequency and severity of claim activity. We believe our assumptions are reasonable, but the estimated reserves for these liabilities could be affected materially by future events or claims experiences that differ from historical trends and assumptions.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the cost of acquired businesses in excess of the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired. Our indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trade names related to “Sprouts Farmers Market,” liquor licenses and reacquired rights recognized in connection with the acquisition of Ronald Cohn, Inc. in fiscal 2023. See Note 27, “Business Combination” to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding this acquisition.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Our impairment evaluation of goodwill consists of a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If this qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no further analysis is required, and goodwill is not impaired. Our qualitative assessment considers factors including changes in the competitive market, budget-to-actual performance, trends in market capitalization for us and our peers, turnover in key management personnel and overall changes in the macroeconomic environment.

Our impairment evaluation for our indefinite-lived intangible assets consists of a qualitative assessment, similar to that for goodwill. If the qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its carrying value, no further analysis is required, and the asset is not impaired.

If our qualitative assessments indicate that it is more likely than not that the estimated fair value is less than carrying value, we compare the estimated fair value of the reporting unit or asset to its carrying amount with an impairment loss recognized for the amount, if any, by which carrying value exceeds estimated fair value. There are significant judgments and estimates in determining the estimated fair value of the reporting unit or asset; it is therefore possible that materially different amounts could be recorded if we used different assumptions or if the underlying circumstances were to change.

As of December 29, 2024, our consolidated goodwill balance was $381.8 million, and our consolidated indefinite-lived intangible assets balance was $208.1 million. No impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets was recorded during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022 because our qualitative assessments indicated that it was more likely than not that the estimated fair values of the reporting unit and the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded their carrying value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. This evaluation is performed at the lowest level of identifiable cash flows independent of other assets. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows from the operation and/or disposition of the assets are less than their carrying amount. Measurement of an impairment loss would be based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset group over its fair value. Fair value is measured using discounted cash flows or independent opinions of value, as appropriate. Our estimates of cash flows used to assess impairment involve significant judgment and are based upon assumptions on variables such as sales growth rate, gross margin, payroll and other controllable expenses. Application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results.

We recorded an impairment loss of $0.4 million, $30.5 million and $8.1 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 3, “Significant Accounting Policies,” Note 6, “Property and Equipment" and Note

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26, "Store Closures" to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. We record interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense.

During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax settlement is uncertain. Under applicable accounting guidance, we are required to evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets. The realization of our deferred tax assets is dependent on future earnings. Applicable accounting guidance requires that a valuation allowance be recognized when, based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized due to the inability to generate sufficient taxable income in future periods. In circumstances where there is significant negative evidence, establishment of a valuation allowance must be considered. A pattern of sustained profitability is considered significant positive evidence when evaluating a decision to reverse a valuation allowance. Further, in those cases where a pattern of sustained profitability exists, projected future taxable income may also represent positive evidence, to the extent that such projections are determined to be reliable given the current economic environment. Accordingly, our assessment of our valuation allowances requires considerable judgment and could have a significant negative or positive impact on our current and future earnings.