# RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD (RNR) Informational only - not investment advice. CIK: 0000913144 SIC: 6331 Fire, Marine & Casualty Insurance SIC breadcrumb: [Finance, Insurance, And Real Estate](/division/H/) > [Insurance Carriers](/major-group/63/) > [SIC 6331 Fire, Marine & Casualty Insurance](/industry/6331/) Latest 10-K filed: 2026-02-11 SEC page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=913144 Filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/913144/000091314426000012/rnr-20251231.htm ## Selected Fundamentals | Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed | | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | | Revenue | 12848074000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-11 | | Net income | 2682334000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-11 | | Assets | 53800390000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-11 | ## Financials Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-11. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000913144.json. Derived margins are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts. | Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Revenue | 1,727,837,000 | 2,103,679,000 | 2,074,941,000 | 4,201,954,000 | 5,172,316,000 | 5,277,709,000 | 5,060,412,000 | 9,134,608,000 | 11,695,148,000 | 12,848,074,000 | | Net income | 502,962,000 | -222,389,000 | 227,364,000 | 748,798,000 | 762,405,000 | -40,155,000 | -1,061,203,000 | 2,561,132,000 | 1,870,360,000 | 2,682,334,000 | | Diluted EPS | 11.43 | -6.15 | 4.91 | 16.29 | 15.31 | -1.57 | -25.50 | 52.27 | 35.21 | 56.03 | | Assets | 12,352,082,000 | 15,226,131,000 | 18,676,196,000 | 26,330,094,000 | 30,820,580,000 | 33,959,502,000 | 36,552,878,000 | 49,007,105,000 | 50,707,550,000 | 53,800,390,000 | | Liabilities | 6,309,911,000 | 9,538,250,000 | 11,579,416,000 | 17,287,419,000 | 19,872,013,000 | 23,781,168,000 | 26,692,215,000 | 33,451,316,000 | 33,155,789,000 | 34,589,641,000 | | Stockholders' equity | 4,866,577,000 | 4,391,375,000 | 5,045,080,000 | 5,971,367,000 | 7,560,248,000 | 6,624,281,000 | 5,325,274,000 | 9,454,958,000 | 10,574,012,000 | 11,608,657,000 | | Cash and cash equivalents | 421,157,000 | 1,361,592,000 | 1,107,922,000 | 1,379,068,000 | 1,736,813,000 | 1,859,019,000 | 1,194,339,000 | 1,877,518,000 | 1,676,604,000 | 1,731,181,000 | | Net margin | 29.11% | -10.57% | 10.96% | 17.82% | 14.74% | -0.76% | -20.97% | 28.04% | 15.99% | 20.88% | ## Quarterly Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-04-29. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000913144.json. Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived. | Quarter | End date | Revenue | Net income | Diluted EPS | Method | | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | 2022-Q2 | 2022-06-30 | | | -7.53 | reported discrete quarter | | 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 | | | -19.27 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 | | | 12.91 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | 1,853,231,000 | 199,869,000 | 4.09 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 1,835,987,000 | 202,831,000 | 3.80 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 3,240,290,000 | 1,585,526,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 2,599,425,000 | 373,642,000 | 6.94 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 2,828,520,000 | 503,890,000 | 9.41 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 3,973,775,000 | 1,182,487,000 | 22.62 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 2,293,428,000 | -189,659,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 3,470,488,000 | 169,991,000 | 3.27 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 3,206,599,000 | 835,351,000 | 17.20 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 3,198,182,000 | 916,510,000 | 19.40 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 2,972,805,000 | 760,482,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 2,194,916,000 | 293,379,000 | 6.57 | reported discrete quarter | ## Macro Cross-References - [CPIAUCSL](/indicator/CPIAUCSL/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average - [UNRATE](/indicator/UNRATE/): Unemployment Rate - [FEDFUNDS](/indicator/FEDFUNDS/): Federal Funds Effective Rate - [CES0500000003](/indicator/CES0500000003/): Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private - [DFEDTARU](/indicator/DFEDTARU/): Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit - [DFEDTARL](/indicator/DFEDTARL/): Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit - [DGS3MO](/indicator/DGS3MO/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity - [DGS2](/indicator/DGS2/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity - [DGS10](/indicator/DGS10/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity - [DGS30](/indicator/DGS30/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity - [T10Y2Y](/indicator/T10Y2Y/): 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity - [CPILFESL](/indicator/CPILFESL/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy - [CPIUFDSL](/indicator/CPIUFDSL/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food - [CPIENGSL](/indicator/CPIENGSL/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy - [CUSR0000SAH1](/indicator/CUSR0000SAH1/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter - [PCEPI](/indicator/PCEPI/): Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index - [PCEPILFE](/indicator/PCEPILFE/): Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index - [PPIACO](/indicator/PPIACO/): Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities - [T10YIE](/indicator/T10YIE/): 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate - [U6RATE](/indicator/U6RATE/): Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons - [PAYEMS](/indicator/PAYEMS/): All Employees, Total Nonfarm - [CIVPART](/indicator/CIVPART/): Labor Force Participation Rate - [EMRATIO](/indicator/EMRATIO/): Employment-Population Ratio - [UNEMPLOY](/indicator/UNEMPLOY/): Unemployed - [CE16OV](/indicator/CE16OV/): Employment Level - [ICSA](/indicator/ICSA/): Initial Claims - [JTSJOL](/indicator/JTSJOL/): Job Openings: Total Nonfarm - [JTSQUR](/indicator/JTSQUR/): Quits: Total Nonfarm - [GDPC1](/indicator/GDPC1/): Real Gross Domestic Product - [A191RL1Q225SBEA](/indicator/A191RL1Q225SBEA/): Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period - [INDPRO](/indicator/INDPRO/): Industrial Production: Total Index - [TCU](/indicator/TCU/): Capacity Utilization: Total Index - [HOUST](/indicator/HOUST/): New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units - [PERMIT](/indicator/PERMIT/): New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units - [RSAFS](/indicator/RSAFS/): Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade - [PCE](/indicator/PCE/): Personal Consumption Expenditures - [DSPIC96](/indicator/DSPIC96/): Real Disposable Personal Income - [PSAVERT](/indicator/PSAVERT/): Personal Saving Rate - [M2SL](/indicator/M2SL/): M2 - [BOPGSTB](/indicator/BOPGSTB/): U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance - [MSPUS](/indicator/MSPUS/): Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States - [HSN1F](/indicator/HSN1F/): New One Family Houses Sold: United States - [RHORUSQ156N](/indicator/RHORUSQ156N/): Homeownership Rate in the United States - [TTLCONS](/indicator/TTLCONS/): Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States - [RRVRUSQ156N](/indicator/RRVRUSQ156N/): Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States - [TOTALSL](/indicator/TOTALSL/): Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized - [REVOLSL](/indicator/REVOLSL/): Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized - [DRCCLACBS](/indicator/DRCCLACBS/): Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks - [GDP](/indicator/GDP/): Gross Domestic Product - [GPDI](/indicator/GPDI/): Gross Private Domestic Investment - [GCE](/indicator/GCE/): Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment - [PCEC](/indicator/PCEC/): Personal Consumption Expenditures - [NETEXP](/indicator/NETEXP/): Net Exports of Goods and Services - [GFDEBTN](/indicator/GFDEBTN/): Federal Debt: Total Public Debt - [GFDEGDQ188S](/indicator/GFDEGDQ188S/): Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product - [FYFSD](/indicator/FYFSD/): Federal Surplus or Deficit - [FGRECPT](/indicator/FGRECPT/): Federal Government Current Receipts - [FGEXPND](/indicator/FGEXPND/): Federal Government: Current Expenditures - [MANEMP](/indicator/MANEMP/): All Employees, Manufacturing - [USCONS](/indicator/USCONS/): All Employees, Construction - [USTRADE](/indicator/USTRADE/): All Employees, Retail Trade - [USFIRE](/indicator/USFIRE/): All Employees, Financial Activities - [USGOVT](/indicator/USGOVT/): All Employees, Government - [AWHAETP](/indicator/AWHAETP/): Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private - [DGORDER](/indicator/DGORDER/): Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods - [NEWORDER](/indicator/NEWORDER/): Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft - [BUSINV](/indicator/BUSINV/): Total Business Inventories - [EXPGS](/indicator/EXPGS/): Exports of Goods and Services - [IMPGS](/indicator/IMPGS/): Imports of Goods and Services - [IR](/indicator/IR/): Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities - [PPIFIS](/indicator/PPIFIS/): Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand ## Latest quarter (10-Q) Latest 10-Q source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/913144/000091314426000065/rnr-20260331.htm Extracted between Part I Item 2 and the next Item 3/4 or Part II heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high Filing date: 2026-04-29 Report date: 2026-03-31 ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, as well as our liquidity and capital resources at March 31, 2026. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this filing and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. This filing contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from the results described or implied by these forward-looking statements. See “Note on Forward-Looking Statements.” In this Form 10-Q, references to “RenaissanceRe” refer to RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. (the parent company) and references to “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. together with its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise. Defined terms used throughout this Form 10-Q are included in the “Glossary of Defined Terms” at the beginning of this Form 10-Q. All dollar amounts referred to in this Form 10-Q are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. Due to rounding, numbers presented in the tables included in this Form 10-Q may not add up precisely to the totals provided. 52 INDEX TO MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Page OVERVIEW 54 SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 56 SUMMARY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 57 FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 67 Financial Condition 67 Liquidity and Cash Flows 67 Capital Resources 72 Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses 73 Investments 74 Ratings 76 SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION 77 CURRENT OUTLOOK 79 53 OVERVIEW RenaissanceRe is a global provider of reinsurance and insurance. We provide property, casualty and specialty reinsurance and certain insurance solutions to customers, principally through intermediaries. Established in 1993, and headquartered in Bermuda, we have offices across North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. Our mission is to match desirable risk with efficient capital, and our vision is to be the best underwriter. We believe that this will allow us to produce superior returns for our shareholders over the long term, and enable our purpose to protect communities and enable prosperity. We seek to accomplish these goals by delivering a value proposition composed of leadership, expertise and partnership, through our operation as an integrated system of three competitive advantages: superior risk selection, superior customer relationships and superior capital management. Our current business strategy focuses predominantly on writing reinsurance. We apply our reinsurance lens of approaching risks as a portfolio to the insurance business that we write, primarily though delegated authority arrangements. Through our Capital Partners unit we create and manage innovative joint ventures and managed funds, which provide access to the portfolios our underwriters build. Additionally, we pursue several other opportunities, such as executing customized reinsurance transactions to assume or cede risk, and managing certain strategic investments. We continually explore appropriate and efficient ways to address the risk management needs of our clients and the impact of various regulatory and legislative changes on our operations. From time to time, we consider diversification into new opportunities, either through organic growth, the formation of new joint ventures or managed funds, or the acquisition of, or investment in, other companies or books of business of other companies. Our business consists of the following reportable segments: (1) Property, which is comprised of catastrophe and other property (re)insurance, and (2) Casualty and Specialty, which is comprised of general casualty, professional liability, credit and other specialty (re)insurance. The underwriting results of our consolidated operating subsidiaries and underwriting platforms are included in our Property and Casualty and Specialty segment results as appropriate. We have three principal drivers of profit that generate diversified earnings streams for our business: underwriting income, fee income, and investment income. Underwriting income is the income that we earn from our core underwriting business. By matching desirable risk with efficient capital and accepting the volatility that this business brings, we believe that we can generate superior returns over the long-term. Fee income is the income that we earn primarily from managing third-party capital in our Capital Partners unit and is composed of management fee income and performance fee income. Investment income is income derived from the investment portfolio that we maintain to support our business. We take a disciplined approach in building a relatively conservative, well-structured investment portfolio, with a focus on fixed income investments. Compared to underwriting income, we view fee income, especially management fee income, and investment income, as being relatively less volatile and as diversifying sources of income. We principally measure our financial success through long-term growth in tangible book value per common share plus the change in accumulated dividends. We believe this metric is the most appropriate measure of our financial performance, and in respect of which we believe we have delivered superior performance over time. Revenues and Expenses Our revenues are principally derived from three sources: (1) net premiums earned from the reinsurance and insurance policies we sell; (2) net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains from the investment of our capital funds and the investment of the cash we receive on the policies which we sell; and (3) fees received from our joint ventures, managed funds and structured reinsurance products, which are primarily reflected in redeemable noncontrolling interest or as an offset to acquisition or operational expenses. Our expenses primarily consist of: (1) net claims and claim expenses incurred on the policies of reinsurance and insurance we sell; (2) acquisition costs, which typically represent a percentage of the premiums we write; (3) operational expenses, which primarily consist of personnel expenses, rent and other expenses; (4) corporate expenses, which include certain executive, legal and consulting expenses, costs for research and development, transaction and integration-related expenses, and other miscellaneous costs, including those 54 associated with operating as a publicly traded company; (5) interest and dividends related to our debt, preference shares and common shares; and (6) income taxes. The underwriting results of an insurance or reinsurance company are discussed frequently by reference to its net claims and claim expense ratio, underwriting expense ratio, and combined ratio. The net claims and claim expense ratio is calculated by dividing net claims and claim expenses incurred by net premiums earned. The underwriting expense ratio is calculated by dividing underwriting expenses (acquisition expenses and operational expenses) by net premiums earned. The combined ratio is the sum of the net claims and claim expense ratio and the underwriting expense ratio. A combined ratio below 100% indicates profitable underwriting prior to the consideration of investment income. A combined ratio over 100% indicates unprofitable underwriting prior to the consideration of investment income. We also discuss our net claims and claim expense ratio on a current accident year basis and a prior accident years basis. The current accident year net claims and claim expense ratio is calculated by taking current accident year net claims and claim expenses incurred, divided by net premiums earned. The prior accident years net claims and claim expense ratio is calculated by taking prior accident years net claims and claim expenses incurred, divided by net premiums earned. Impact of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in our Results We manage several entities - DaVinci, Fontana, Medici, and Vermeer - where we control the decision making authority through ownership of the voting interests but do not own all of the economic interest. As a result of our control, we include the full financial results of these entities in our consolidated financial statements. However, since we do not own all of the economic interest in these entities, we do not ultimately retain all of the economic outcomes they generate. Rather, portions of these entities’ economic outcomes are due to third-party investors who hold noncontrolling interests in these entities and are ultimately allocated to such third-party investors. These entities’ economic outcomes may include underwriting results, investment results, and foreign exchange impacts, among other items. For example, if one of these entities realizes a financial gain or loss from its underwriting or investment activities, the full amount of such gain or loss is shown in net income (loss) on our consolidated statements of operations. But only the portion of such gain or loss that represents our investment in such entity is reflected in net income (loss) attributable to RenaissanceRe. The remainder, which is ultimately allocated to such third-party investors in those entities, is shown separately in net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests. Refer to “Note 8. Noncontrolling Interests” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our redeemable noncontrolling interests and how this accounting treatment impacts our financial results. Effects of Inflation General economic inflation has increased over the past few years compared to recent historical norms, and there is a risk of inflation remaining elevated for an extended period, which could cause claims and claims related expenses to increase, impact the performance of our investment portfolio, or have other adverse effects. This risk may be exacerbated by geopolitical factors and global supply chain issues or tariffs, among other factors, from time to time. Central bank policy and changes to interest rates may also increase the risk of inflationary pressures. The actual effects of the current and potential future increase in inflation on our results cannot be accurately known until, among other items, claims are ultimately settled. The duration and severity of an inflationary period cannot be estimated with precision. We consider the anticipated effects of inflation on us in our catastrophe loss models and on our investment portfolio. Our estimates of the potential effects of inflation are also considered in pricing and in estimating reserves for unpaid claims and claim expenses. The potential exists, after a catastrophe loss, for the development of inflationary pressures in a local economy. 55 SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES Our critical accounting estimates include “Claims and Claim Expense Reserves,” “Premiums and Related Expenses,” “Reinsurance Recoverables,” “Fair Value Measurements and Impairments” and “Income Taxes,” and are discussed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates as disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. 56 SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Below is a discussion of the results of operations for the first quarter of 2026, compared to the first quarter of 2025. Three months ended March 31, 2026 2025 Change (in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) Statement of Operations H [Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.] ## Latest 10-K MD&A Extracted between Item 7 and the next Item 7A/8 heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following is a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for 2025 compared to 2024, as well as our liquidity and capital resources at December 31, 2025. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this filing. This filing contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from the results described or implied by these forward-looking statements. See “Note on Forward-Looking Statements.” For a discussion and analysis of our results of operations for 2024 compared to 2023, please refer to the disclosures set forth under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” on pages 51-99 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 12, 2025. In this Form 10-K, references to “RenaissanceRe” refer to RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. (the parent company) and references to “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. together with its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise. Defined terms used throughout this Form 10-K are included in the “Glossary of Defined Terms” at the end of “Part I, Item 1. Business” of this Form 10-K. All dollar amounts referred to in this Form 10-K are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. Due to rounding, numbers presented in the tables included in this Form 10-K may not add up precisely to the totals provided. 53 INDEX TO MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Page OVERVIEW 55 SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA 58 SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES 59 Claims and Claim Expense Reserves 59 Premiums and Related Expenses 65 Reinsurance Recoverable 66 Fair Value Measurements and Impairments 67 Income Taxes 69 SUMMARY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 71 FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 85 Financial Condition 85 Liquidity and Cash Flows 85 Capital Resources 90 Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses 91 Investments 92 Ratings 95 SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION 97 CURRENT OUTLOOK 99 54 OVERVIEW RenaissanceRe is a global provider of reinsurance and insurance. We provide property, casualty and specialty reinsurance and certain insurance solutions to customers, principally through intermediaries. Established in 1993, we have offices in Bermuda, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Singapore, Switzerland, the U.K., and the U.S. Our mission is to match desirable risk with efficient capital, and our vision is to be the best underwriter. We believe that this will allow us to produce superior returns for our shareholders over the long term, and enable our purpose to protect communities and enable prosperity. We seek to accomplish these goals by delivering a value proposition composed of leadership, expertise and partnership, through our operation as an integrated system of three competitive advantages: superior risk selection, superior customer relationships and superior capital management. Our current business strategy focuses predominantly on writing reinsurance. We apply our reinsurance lens of approaching risks as a portfolio to the insurance business that we write, primarily though delegated authority arrangements. Through our Capital Partners unit we create and manage innovative joint ventures and managed funds, which provide access to the portfolios our underwriters build. Additionally, we pursue several other opportunities, such as executing customized reinsurance transactions to assume or cede risk, and managing certain strategic investments. We continually explore appropriate and efficient ways to address the risk management needs of our clients and the impact of various regulatory and legislative changes on our operations. From time to time, we consider diversification into new opportunities, either through organic growth, the formation of new joint ventures or managed funds, or the acquisition of, or investment in, other companies or books of business of other companies. Our business consists of the following reportable segments: (1) Property, which is comprised of catastrophe and other property (re)insurance, and (2) Casualty and Specialty, which is comprised of general casualty, professional liability, credit and other specialty (re)insurance. The underwriting results of our consolidated operating subsidiaries and underwriting platforms are included in our Property and Casualty and Specialty segment results as appropriate. We have three principal drivers of profit that generate diversified earnings streams for our business: underwriting income, fee income, and investment income. Underwriting income is the income that we earn from our core underwriting business. By matching desirable risk with efficient capital and accepting the volatility that this business brings, we believe that we can generate superior returns over the long-term. Fee income is the income that we earn primarily from managing third-party capital in our Capital Partners unit and is composed of management fee income and performance fee income. Investment income is income derived from the investment portfolio that we maintain to support our business. We take a disciplined approach in building a relatively conservative, well-structured investment portfolio, with a focus on fixed income investments. Compared to underwriting income, we view fee income, especially management fee income, and investment income, as being relatively less volatile and as diversifying sources of income. We principally measure our financial success through long-term growth in tangible book value per common share plus the change in accumulated dividends. We believe this metric is the most appropriate measure of our financial performance, and in respect of which we believe we have delivered superior performance over time. Revenues and Expenses Our revenues are principally derived from three sources: (1) net premiums earned from the reinsurance and insurance policies we sell; (2) net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains from the investment of our capital funds and the investment of the cash we receive on the policies which we sell; and (3) fees received from our joint ventures, managed funds and structured reinsurance products, which are primarily reflected in redeemable noncontrolling interest or as an offset to acquisition or operational expenses. Our expenses primarily consist of: (1) net claims and claim expenses incurred on the policies of reinsurance and insurance we sell; (2) acquisition costs, which typically represent a percentage of the premiums we write; (3) operational expenses, which primarily consist of personnel expenses, rent and other expenses; (4) corporate expenses, which include certain executive, legal and consulting expenses, costs for research and 55 development, transaction and integration-related expenses, and other miscellaneous costs, including those associated with operating as a publicly traded company; (5) interest and dividends related to our debt, preference shares and common shares; and (6) income taxes. Historically, the majority of our income has been earned in Bermuda, which did not have a corporate income tax, so the tax impact to our operations has been minimal. On December 27, 2023, the Government of Bermuda announced the implementation of a 15% CIT, which became effective on January 1, 2025. Therefore, our profits generated on or after January 1, 2025 in Bermuda (except for profits earned by our joint ventures and managed funds) are subject to a 15% corporate income tax. We generally expect that the profits generated in Bermuda on or after January 1, 2025 by our consolidated joint ventures and managed funds, except to the extent those profits are attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests, will also be taxed at 15% as a result of the enactment Pillar II Rules by many of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We believe that the flexible global operating model that we have utilized will continue to prove resilient. The underwriting results of an insurance or reinsurance company are discussed frequently by reference to its net claims and claim expense ratio, underwriting expense ratio, and combined ratio. The net claims and claim expense ratio is calculated by dividing net claims and claim expenses incurred by net premiums earned. The underwriting expense ratio is calculated by dividing underwriting expenses (acquisition expenses and operational expenses) by net premiums earned. The combined ratio is the sum of the net claims and claim expense ratio and the underwriting expense ratio. A combined ratio below 100% indicates profitable underwriting prior to the consideration of investment income. A combined ratio over 100% indicates unprofitable underwriting prior to the consideration of investment income. We also discuss our net claims and claim expense ratio on a current accident year basis and a prior accident years basis. The current accident year net claims and claim expense ratio is calculated by taking current accident year net claims and claim expenses incurred, divided by net premiums earned. The prior accident years net claims and claim expense ratio is calculated by taking prior accident years net claims and claim expenses incurred, divided by net premiums earned. Impact of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest in our Results We manage several entities - DaVinci, Fontana, Medici, and Vermeer - where we control the decision making authority through ownership of the voting interests but do not own all of the economic interest. As a result of our control, we include the full financial results of these entities in our consolidated financial statements. However, since we do not own all of the economic interest in these entities, we do not ultimately retain all of the economic outcomes they generate. Rather, portions of these entities’ economic outcomes are due to third-party investors who hold noncontrolling interests in these entities and are ultimately allocated to such third-party investors. These entities’ economic outcomes may include underwriting results, investment results, and foreign exchange impacts, among other items. For example, if one of these entities realizes a financial gain or loss from its underwriting or investment activities, the full amount of such gain or loss is shown in net income (loss) on our consolidated statements of operations. But only the portion of such gain or loss that represents our investment in such entity is reflected in net income (loss) attributable to RenaissanceRe. The remainder, which is ultimately allocated to such third-party investors in those entities, is shown separately in net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests. Refer to “Note 10. Noncontrolling Interests” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our redeemable noncontrolling interests and how this accounting treatment impacts our financial results. Effects of Inflation General economic inflation has increased over the past few years compared to recent historical norms, and there is a risk of inflation remaining elevated for an extended period, which could cause claims and claims related expenses to increase, impact the performance of our investment portfolio, or have other adverse effects. This risk may be exacerbated by geopolitical factors and global supply chain issues or tariffs, among other factors, from time to time. Central bank policy and changes to interest rates may also increase the risk of inflationary pressures. The actual effects of the current and potential future increase in inflation on our results cannot be accurately known until, among other items, claims are ultimately settled. The duration and severity of an inflationary period cannot be estimated with precision. We consider the 56 anticipated effects of inflation on us in our catastrophe loss models and on our investment portfolio. Our estimates of the potential effects of inflation are also considered in pricing and in estimating reserves for unpaid claims and claim expenses. The potential exists, after a catastrophe loss, for the development of inflationary pressures in a local economy. Launch of Medici UCITS In March 2025 we launched Medici UCITS, a new Irish domiciled property catastrophe bond fund, a sub-fund of RenaissanceRe Medici ICAV. Medici UCITS is purpose-built to provide European and other global investors with access to RenaissanceRe’s catastrophe bond investment strategy through a dedicated European-regulated UCITS structure. Medici UCITS launched with $341.5 million in total capital, made up of a combination of primarily existing partner capital, new partner capital and a $140.0 million co-investment from the Company. At launch, Medici UCITS was seeded by a transfer in kind of catastrophe bonds of Medici. Medici UCITS is intended to complement our existing catastrophe bond fund, Medici, and both Medici UCITS and Medici share substantially similar investment guidelines and risk appetites. Medici is consolidated within our results, whereas Medici UCITS is not controlled by us, and is therefore not consolidated within our results. RenaissanceRe’s investment in Medici UCITS appears as a fund investment and is accounted for at fair value. The transactions related to the launch of Medici UCITS appear in our financial statements as a reduction in the overall net asset value of Medici of $316.5 million at December 31, 2025, and our investment in Medici UCITS appears as a fund investment of $154.5 million at December 31, 2025. Refer to “Note 5. Investments” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information related to our investment in Medici UCITS. 57 SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The following tables set forth our selected consolidated financial data and other financial information at the end of and for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2025. The results of Validus are included in our consolidated financial data from November 1, 2023. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and the other information in this “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-K. Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 (in thousands, except share and per share data and percentages) Statements of Operations Data: Gross premiums written $ 11,738,420  $ 11,733,066  $ 8,862,366  $ 9,213,540  $ 7,833,798  Net premiums written 9,870,200  9,952,216  7,467,813  7,196,160  5,939,375  Net premiums earned 9,901,182  10,095,760  7,471,133  6,333,989  5,194,181  Net investment income 1,703,475  1,654,289  1,253,110  559,932  319,479  Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 1,181,268  (27,840) 414,522  (1,800,485) (218,134) Net claims and claim expenses incurred 5,615,839  5,332,981  3,573,509  4,338,840  3,876,087  Acquisition expenses 2,550,823  2,643,867  1,875,034  1,568,606  1,214,858  Operational expenses 464,477  496,588  375,182  276,691  212,184  Underwriting income (loss) 1,270,043  1,622,324  1,647,408  149,852  (108,948) Net income (loss) 3,617,743  2,960,532  3,620,127  (1,159,816) (103,440) Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders 2,646,959  1,834,985  2,525,757  (1,096,578) (73,421) Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share – diluted 56.03  35.21  52.27  (25.50) (1.57) Dividends per common share 1.60  1.56  1.52  1.48  1.44  Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted 46,483  51,339  47,607  43,040  47,171  Return on average common equity 25.9  % 19.3  % 40.5  % (22.0) % (1.1) % Combined ratio 87.2  % 83.9  % 77.9  % 97.7  % 102.1  % At December 31, 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Balance Sheet Data: Total investments $ 36,073,209  $ 32,639,456  $ 29,216,143  $ 22,220,436  $ 21,442,659  Total assets 53,800,390  50,707,550  49,007,105  36,552,878  33,959,502  Reserve for claims and claim expenses 22,302,345  21,303,491  20,486,869  15,892,573  13,294,630  Unearned premiums 6,028,174  5,950,415  6,136,135  4,559,107  3,531,213  Debt 2,329,201  1,886,689  1,958,655  1,170,442  1,168,353  Capital leases 20,426  21,010  21,540  22,020  22,459  Preference shares 750,000  750,000  750,000  750,000  750,000  Total shareholders’ equity attributable to RenaissanceRe 11,608,657  10,574,012  9,454,958  5,325,274  6,624,281  Common shares outstanding 43,962  50,181  52,694  43,718  44,445  Book value per common share $ 247.00  $ 195.77  $ 165.20  $ 104.65  $ 132.17  Accumulated dividends 29.68  28.08  26.52  25.00  23.52  Book value per common share plus accumulated dividends $ 276.68  $ 223.85  $ 191.72  $ 129.65  $ 155.69  Change in book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 27.0  % 19.4  % 59.3  % (19.7) % (3.5) % 58 SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES Claims and Claim Expense Reserves We believe the most significant accounting judgment made by management is our estimate of claims and claim expense reserves. Claims and claim expense reserves represent estimates, including actuarial and statistical projections at a given point in time, of the ultimate settlement and administration costs for unpaid claims and claim expenses arising from the insurance and reinsurance contracts we sell. Our reserve for claims and claim expense is a combination of case reserves, ACR, and incurred but not reported losses and incurred but not enough reported losses, collectively referred to as IBNR. Case reserves are losses reported to us by insureds and ceding companies, but which have not yet been paid. If deemed necessary and in certain situations, either we establish, or our clients report, ACR. Client reported ACR represents their estimate of additional contract specific claims in excess of the case reserves they have reported to us. ACR established by us represents our estimates for claims related to specific contracts which we believe may not be adequately estimated by the client as of that date or is not within the IBNR. We establish IBNR using actuarial techniques and expert judgment to represent the anticipated cost of claims which have not been reported to us yet or where we anticipate increased reporting. Our reserving committee, which includes members of our senior management, reviews, discusses, and assesses the reasonableness and adequacy of the reserving estimates included in our audited consolidated financial statements. The following table summarizes our reserve for claims and claim expenses by segment, allocated between case reserves, ACR and IBNR: At December 31, 2025 Case Reserves ACR IBNR Total (in thousands) Property $ 1,797,427  $ 1,679,848  $ 2,208,709  $ 5,685,984  Casualty and Specialty 3,393,451  327,941  12,894,969  16,616,361  Total $ 5,190,878  $ 2,007,789  $ 15,103,678  $ 22,302,345  At December 31, 2024 (in thousands) Property $ 1,845,228  $ 1,905,553  $ 2,821,958  $ 6,572,739  Casualty and Specialty 3,081,081  295,074  11,354,597  14,730,752  Total $ 4,926,309  $ 2,200,627  $ 14,176,555  $ 21,303,491  59 Activity in the reserve for claims and claim expenses is summarized as follows: Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 (in thousands) Reserve for claims and claim expenses, net of reinsurance recoverable, beginning of period $ 16,822,101  $ 15,142,583  Net incurred related to: Current year 6,706,772  6,184,315  Prior years (1,090,933) (851,334) Total net incurred 5,615,839  5,332,981  Net paid related to: Current year 969,151  488,450  Prior years 3,359,634  3,109,360  Total net paid 4,328,785  3,597,810  Foreign exchange and other (1) 293,277  (55,653) Reserve for claims and claim expenses, net of reinsurance recoverable, end of period 18,402,432  16,822,101  Reinsurance recoverable, end of period 3,899,913  4,481,390  Reserve for claims and claim expenses, end of period $ 22,302,345  $ 21,303,491  (1)Reflects the impact of the foreign exchange revaluation of the reserve for claims and claim expenses, net of reinsurance recoverable, denominated in non-U.S. dollars as at the balance sheet date, as well as reinsurance transactions accounted for under retroactive reinsurance accounting. The following table details our net (favorable) adverse development of prior accident years net claims and claim expenses by segment: Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 (in thousands) Property $ (1,089,196) $ (818,852) Casualty and Specialty (1,737) (32,482) Total net (favorable) adverse development of prior accident years net claims and claim expenses $ (1,090,933) $ (851,334) Our reserving methodology for each line of business uses a loss reserving process that calculates a point estimate for our ultimate settlement and administration costs for claims and claim expenses. We do not calculate a range of estimates and do not discount any of our reserves for claims and claim expenses. We use this point estimate, along with paid claims and case reserves, to record our best estimate of ACR and IBNR in our consolidated financial statements. Under GAAP, we are not permitted to establish estimates for catastrophe claims and claim expense reserves until an event occurs that gives rise to a loss. Reserving for our claims involves other uncertainties, such as the dependence on information from ceding companies, the time lag inherent in reporting information from the primary insurer to us or to our ceding companies, and different reserving practices among ceding companies. The information received from ceding companies is typically in the form of bordereaux, broker notifications of loss and/or discussions with ceding companies or their brokers. This information may be received on a monthly, quarterly or transactional basis and normally includes paid claims and estimates of case reserves. We may also receive an estimate or provision for IBNR from certain ceding companies. This information is often updated and adjusted from time to time during the loss settlement period as new data or facts in respect of initial claims, client accounts, industry or event trends may be reported or emerge in addition to changes in applicable statutory and case laws. Our estimates of large losses are based on factors including currently available information derived from claims information from certain customers and brokers, industry assessments of losses, proprietary models, historical reinsurance and insurance loss experience and statistics, management’s experience and judgment to assist the establishment of appropriate claims and claim expense reserves, and the terms and 60 conditions of our contracts. The uncertainty of our estimates for large losses is also impacted by the preliminary nature of the information available, the magnitude and relative infrequency of the loss, the expected duration of the respective claims development period, inadequacies in the data provided to the relevant date by industry participants, the potential for further reporting lags or insufficiencies and, in certain cases, the form of the claims and legal issues under the relevant terms of insurance and reinsurance contracts. In addition, a significant portion of the net claims and claim expenses associated with certain large losses can be concentrated with a few large clients and therefore the loss estimates for these losses may vary significantly based on the claims experience of those clients. The contingent nature of business interruption and other exposures will also impact losses in a meaningful way, which we believe may give rise to significant complexity in respect of claims handling, claims adjustment and other coverage issues, over time. Given the magnitude of certain losses, there can be meaningful uncertainty regarding total covered losses for the insurance industry and, accordingly, several of the key assumptions underlying our loss estimates. Loss reserve estimation in respect of our retrocessional contracts poses further challenges compared to directly assumed reinsurance. In addition, our actual net losses may increase if our reinsurers or other obligors fail to meet their obligations. Because of the inherent uncertainties discussed above, we have developed a reserving philosophy which attempts to incorporate prudent assumptions and estimates, and we have generally experienced favorable development on prior accident years net claims and claim expenses in the last several years. However, there is no assurance that this favorable development on prior accident years net claims and claim expenses will occur in future periods. Our reserving techniques, assumptions and processes differ among our Property and Casualty and Specialty segments. Refer to “Note 8. Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more information on the risks we insure and reinsure, the reserving techniques, assumptions and processes we follow to estimate our claims and claim expense reserves, prior year development of the reserve for claims and claim expenses, analysis of our incurred and paid claims development and claims duration information for each of our Property and Casualty and Specialty segments. Property Segment Actual Results vs. Initial Estimates As discussed above, the key assumption in estimating reserves for our Property segment is our estimate of incurred claims and claim expenses. The table below shows our initial estimates of incurred claims and claim expenses for each accident year and how these initial estimates have developed over time. The initial estimate of accident year incurred claims and claim expenses represents our estimate of the ultimate settlement and administration costs for claims incurred in our Property segment occurring during a particular accident year, and as reported as of December 31 of that year. The re-estimated incurred claims and claim expenses as of December 31 of subsequent years, represent our revised estimates as reported as of those dates. Our most recent estimates as reported at December 31, 2025 differ from our initial accident year estimates and demonstrate that our most recent estimate of incurred claims and claim expenses are reasonably likely to vary from our initial estimate, perhaps significantly. Changes in this estimate will be recorded in the period in which they occur. In accident years where our current estimates are lower than our initial estimates, we have experienced favorable development, in comparison, for accident years where our current estimates are higher than our original estimates we have experienced adverse development. The table is presented on a net basis and, therefore, includes the benefit of reinsurance recoveries. In addition, we have included historical incurred claims and claim expenses development information related to Platinum, TMR and Validus in the table below. For incurred accident year claims and claim expenses denominated in currencies other than USD, we have used the current year-end balance sheet foreign exchange rate for all periods provided, thereby eliminating the effects of changes in foreign currency translation rates from the incurred accident year claims development information included in the table below. 61 The following table details our Property segment incurred claims and claim expenses, net of reinsurance, as of December 31, 2025. Incurred Claims and Claim Expenses, Net of Reinsurance (in thousands) For the year ended December 31, Accident Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2016 $ 586,563  $ 605,891  $ 576,554  $ 552,931  $ 524,648  $ 519,806  $ 537,039  $ 521,120  $ 520,790  $ 523,815  2017 —  1,964,244  1,826,456  1,699,976  1,682,099  1,619,508  1,576,459  1,544,122  1,520,082  1,483,791  2018 —  —  1,283,450  1,360,270  1,299,592  1,179,090  1,160,168  1,109,124  1,081,446  1,064,747  2019 —  —  —  1,188,587  1,167,401  1,068,259  1,007,367  949,443  954,719  946,725  2020 —  —  —  —  1,987,549  2,104,982  2,117,618  2,050,640  2,015,930  1,975,495  2021 —  —  —  —  —  2,854,523  2,887,782  2,787,188  2,563,026  2,498,844  2022 —  —  —  —  —  —  2,588,892  2,487,486  2,096,906  1,878,473  2023 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  1,481,513  1,391,373  1,127,806  2024 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  1,968,337  1,499,782  2025 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  2,530,317  Total $ 15,529,795  Our initial and subsequent estimates of incurred claims and claim expenses, net of reinsurance, are impacted by available information derived from claims information from customers and brokers, industry assessments of losses, proprietary models, historical reinsurance and insurance loss experience and statistics, management’s experience and judgment to assist the establishment of appropriate claims and claim expense reserves, and the terms and conditions of our contracts. As described above, given the complexity in reserving for claims and claims expenses associated with property losses, and catastrophe excess of loss reinsurance contracts in particular, which make up a significant proportion of our Property segment, we have experienced development, both favorable and unfavorable, in any given accident year. In accident years with a low level of insured catastrophe losses, our other property lines of business contribute a greater proportion of our overall incurred claims and claim expenses within our Property segment, compared to years with a high level of insured catastrophe losses. We expect that certain of our other property lines of business will tend to generate less volatility in future calendar years and, as such, we would expect to see a slower more stable increase or decrease in estimated incurred net claims and claim expenses over time in such business. Certain of our other property contracts are also exposed to catastrophe events, resulting in increased volatility of incurred claims and claim expenses driven by the occurrence of catastrophe events. In addition, volatility in the initial estimate associated with large catastrophe losses and the speed at which we settle claims can vary significantly based on the type of event. Sensitivity Analysis The table below shows the impact on our reserve for claims and claim expenses, net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025 of a reasonable range of possible outcomes associated with our estimates of gross ultimate losses for claims and claim expenses incurred within our Property segment. The reasonable range of possible outcomes is based on a distribution of outcomes of our ultimate incurred claims and claim expenses from large losses. In addition, we adjust the loss ratios and development curves in our other property lines of business in a similar fashion to the sensitivity analysis performed for our Casualty and Specialty segment, discussed in greater detail below. In general, our reserve for claims and claim expenses for more recent losses are subject to greater uncertainty and, therefore, greater variability and are likely to experience material changes from one period to the next. This is due to uncertainty with respect to the size of the industry losses, which contracts have been exposed to the loss and the magnitude of claims incurred by our clients. As our claims age, more information becomes available and we believe our estimates become more certain, although there is no assurance this trend will continue in the future. As a result, the sensitivity analysis below is based on the age of each accident year, our current estimated incurred claims and claim expenses for the losses occurring in each accident year, and a reasonable range of possible outcomes of our current estimates of claims and claim expenses by accident year. The impact on net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity assumes no increase 62 or decrease in reinsurance recoveries, loss related premium or profit commission, income tax benefit (expense), or redeemable noncontrolling interest. (in thousands, except percentages) Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses at December 31, 2025 $ Impact of  Change Reserve for Claims and Claim  Expenses at December 31, 2025 % Impact of  Change on Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses at December 31, 2025 % Impact of  Change on Net Income (Loss) for the Year Ended December 31, 2025 % Impact of  Change on Shareholders’ Equity at December 31, 2025 Higher $ 6,184,837  $ 498,853  2.2  % (13.8) % (4.3) % Recorded $ 5,685,984  $ —  —  % —  % —  % Lower $ 5,345,243  $ (340,741) (1.5) % 9.4  % 2.9  % We believe the changes we made to our estimated incurred claims and claim expenses represent a reasonable range of possible outcomes based on our experience to date and our future expectations. While we believe these are a reasonable range of possible outcomes, we do not believe the above sensitivity analysis should be considered an actuarial reserve range. In addition, the sensitivity analysis only reflects a reasonable range of possible outcomes in our underlying assumptions. It is possible that our estimated incurred claims and claim expenses could be significantly higher or lower than the sensitivity analysis described above. For example, we could be liable for exposures we do not currently believe are covered under our policies. These changes could result in significantly larger changes to our estimated incurred claims and claim expenses, net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity than those noted above, and could be recorded across multiple periods. The inflationary outlook is also highly uncertain and could result in larger changes than those depicted above. We continue to monitor the inflationary environment and reflect our view within our best estimate reserves. We also caution that the above sensitivity analysis is not used by management in developing our reserve estimates and is also not used by management in managing the business. Casualty and Specialty Segment Actual Results vs. Initial Estimates As discussed above, the key assumption in estimating reserves for our Casualty and Specialty segment is our estimate of incurred claims and claim expenses. Standard actuarial techniques are used to calculate the ultimate claims and claim expenses. The key assumptions in the determination of ultimate claims and claim expenses include the estimated incurred claims and claim expenses ratio and the estimated loss reporting patterns. The table below shows our initial estimates of incurred claims and claim expenses for each accident year and how these initial estimates have developed over time. The initial estimate of accident year incurred claims and claim expenses represents our estimate of the ultimate settlement and administration costs for claims incurred in our Casualty and Specialty segment occurring during a particular accident year, and as reported as of December 31 of that year. The re-estimated incurred claims and claim expenses as of December 31 of subsequent years, represent our revised estimates as reported as of those dates. Our most recent estimates as reported at December 31, 2025 differ from our initial accident year estimates and demonstrates that our initial estimate of incurred claims and claim expenses are reasonably likely to vary from our most recent estimate, perhaps significantly. Changes in this estimate will be recorded in the period in which they occur. In accident years where our current estimates are lower than our initial estimates, we have experienced favorable development while accident years where our current estimates are higher than our original estimates indicate adverse development. The table is presented on a net basis and, therefore, includes the benefit of reinsurance recoverable. In addition, we have included historical incurred claims and claim expenses development information related to Platinum, TMR and Validus in the table below. For incurred accident year claims denominated in currencies other than USD, we have used the current year-end balance sheet foreign exchange rate for all periods provided, thereby eliminating the effects of changes in foreign currency translation rates from the incurred accident year claims development information included in the table below. 63 The following table details our Casualty and Specialty segment incurred claims and claim expenses, net of reinsurance, as of December 31, 2025. Incurred Claims and Claim Expenses, Net of Reinsurance (in thousands) For the year ended December 31, Accident Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2016 $ 1,317,279  $ 1,308,376  $ 1,297,204  $ 1,291,085  $ 1,239,494  $ 1,257,200  $ 1,270,683  $ 1,256,933  $ 1,262,553  $ 1,272,131  2017 —  1,681,048  1,635,048  1,680,274  1,616,593  1,644,987  1,650,790  1,671,292  1,706,972  1,719,436  2018 —  —  1,669,048  1,815,006  1,810,237  1,808,702  1,809,309  1,893,904  1,931,984  1,970,296  2019 —  —  —  1,554,582  1,562,038  1,568,162  1,602,189  1,683,829  1,747,576  1,808,556  2020 —  —  —  —  2,445,460  2,335,016  2,335,202  2,382,073  2,349,355  2,332,324  2021 —  —  —  —  —  2,807,592  2,670,614  2,573,363  2,524,016  2,523,431  2022 —  —  —  —  —  —  3,391,205  3,243,085  3,112,166  3,131,988  2023 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  3,810,310  3,830,464  3,751,187  2024 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  4,210,408  4,132,698  2025 —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  4,187,547  Total $ 26,829,594  The reserving methodology for our Casualty and Specialty segment is weighted more heavily to our initial estimate in the early periods immediately following the contracts’ inception through the use of the expected loss ratio method. The expected loss ratio method estimates the incurred losses by multiplying the initial expected loss ratio by the earned premium. Under the expected loss ratio method, no reliance is placed on the development of claims and claim expenses. The determination of when reported losses are sufficient and credible to warrant selection of an ultimate loss ratio different from the initial expected loss ratio also requires judgment. We generally make adjustments for reported loss experience indicating unfavorable variances from the initial expected loss ratio sooner than reported loss experience indicating favorable variances as reporting of losses in excess of expectations tends to have greater credibility than an absence of, or lower than expected level of, reported losses. Over time, as a greater number of claims are reported and the credibility of reported losses improves, actuarial estimates of IBNR are typically based on the Bornhuetter-Ferguson actuarial method. The Bornhuetter-Ferguson actuarial method places weight on claims and claim expenses development experience. If there is adverse development of prior accident years claims and claim expenses, we generally select the Bornhuetter-Ferguson actuarial method to ensure the claim experience is considered in the determination of our estimated claims and claim expenses with the associated business. If we believe we lack the claims experience in the early stages of development of a line of business, we may not select the Bornhuetter-Ferguson actuarial method until such time as we believe there is greater credibility in the level of reported losses. As development experience for claims and claim expenses on prior accident years becomes credible, the Bornhuetter-Ferguson actuarial method is generally selected which places greater weight on this reported experience as it develops. The Bornhuetter-Ferguson actuarial method estimates our expected ultimate claims and claim expenses by applying our initial estimated loss ratio to our undeveloped premium, and adding the reported losses to the estimate. Sensitivity Analysis The table below shows the impact on our Casualty and Specialty segment reserve for claims and claim expenses, net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025, of a reasonable range of possible outcomes associated with a variety of reasonable actuarial assumptions for our estimates of gross ultimate claims and claim expense ratios and loss reporting patterns. The impact on net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity assumes no increase or decrease in reinsurance recoveries, loss related premium or profit commission, income tax benefit (expense), or redeemable noncontrolling interest. 64 (in thousands, except percentages) Estimated  Loss Reporting  Pattern $ Impact of  Change on Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses at December 31, 2025 % Impact of  Change on Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses at December 31, 2025 % Impact of Change on Net Income (Loss) for the Year Ended December 31, 2025 % Impact of Change on Shareholders’ Equity at December 31, 2025 Increase expected claims and claim expense ratio by 10% Slower reporting $ 2,712,908  12.2  % (75.0) % (23.4) % Increase expected claims and claim expense ratio by 10% Expected  reporting $ 1,628,436  7.3  % (45.0) % (14.0) % Increase expected claims and claim expense ratio by 10% Faster reporting $ 689,962  3.1  % (19.1) % (5.9) % Expected claims and claim expense ratio Slower reporting $ 988,480  4.4  % (27.3) % (8.5) % Expected claims and claim expense ratio Expected reporting $ —  —  % —  % —  % Expected claims and claim expense ratio Faster reporting $ (855,267) (3.8) % 23.6  % 7.4  % Decrease expected claims and claim expense ratio by 10% Slower reporting $ (691,464) (3.1) % 19.1  % 6.0  % Decrease expected claims and claim expense ratio by 10% Expected reporting $ (1,583,953) (7.1) % 43.8  % 13.6  % Decrease expected claims and claim expense ratio by 10% Faster reporting $ (2,356,013) (10.6) % 65.1  % 20.3  % We believe that ultimate claims and claim expense ratios 10.0 percentage points above or below our estimated assumptions constitute a reasonable range of possible outcomes based on our experience to date and our future expectations. In addition, we believe that the adjustments we made to speed up or slow down our estimated loss reporting patterns represent a reasonable range of possible outcomes. While we believe these are a reasonable range of possible outcomes, we do not believe the above sensitivity analysis should be considered an actuarial reserve range. In addition, the sensitivity analysis only reflects a reasonable range of possible outcomes in our underlying assumptions. It is possible that our initial estimated claims and claim expense ratios and loss reporting patterns could be significantly different from the sensitivity analysis described above. For example, we could be liable for exposures we do not currently believe are covered under our contracts. These changes could result in significantly larger changes to our reserves for claims and claim expenses, net income (loss) and shareholders’ equity than those noted above, and could be recorded across multiple periods. The inflationary outlook is also highly uncertain and could result in larger changes than those depicted above. We continue to monitor the inflationary environment and reflect our view within our best estimate reserves. We also caution that the above sensitivity analysis is not used by management in developing our reserve estimates and is also not used by management in managing the business. Premiums and Related Expenses Premiums are recognized as income, net of any applicable reinsurance or retrocessional coverage purchased, over the terms of the related contracts and policies. Premiums written are based on contract and policy terms and include estimates based on information received from both insureds and ceding companies. Subsequent revisions to premium estimates are recorded in the period in which they are determined. Unearned premiums represents the portion of premiums written that relate to the unexpired terms of contracts and policies in force. Amounts are computed by pro rata methods based on statistical data or reports received from ceding companies. Reinstatement premiums are estimated after the occurrence of a significant loss and are recorded in accordance with the contract terms. Reinstatement premiums are earned when written. Due to the nature of reinsurance, ceding companies routinely report and remit premiums to us subsequent to the contract coverage period. Consequently, premiums written and receivable include amounts reported 65 by the ceding companies, supplemented by our estimates of premiums that are written but not reported. The estimation of written premiums may be affected by early cancellation, election of contract provisions for cut-off and return of unearned premiums or other contract disruptions. The time lag involved in the process of reporting premiums is typically shorter than the lag in reporting losses. In addition to estimating premiums written, we estimate the earned portion of premiums written which is subject to judgment and uncertainty. Any adjustments to written and earned premiums, and the related losses and acquisition expenses, are accounted for as changes in estimates and are reflected in the results of operations in the period in which they are made. Lines of business that are similar in both the nature of their business and estimation process may be grouped for purposes of estimating premiums. Premiums are estimated based on ceding company estimates and our own judgment after considering factors such as: (1) the ceding company’s historical premium versus projected premium, (2) the ceding company’s history of providing accurate estimates, (3) anticipated changes in the marketplace and the ceding company’s competitive position therein, (4) reported premiums to date and (5) the anticipated impact of proposed underwriting changes. Estimates of premiums written and earned are based on the selected ultimate premium estimate, the terms and conditions of the reinsurance contracts and the remaining exposure from the underlying policies. We evaluate the appropriateness of these estimates in light of the actual premium reported by the ceding companies, information obtained during audits and other information received from ceding companies. We estimate our provision for current expected credit losses by applying specific percentages against each premiums receivable based on the counterparty’s credit ratings. The percentages applied are based on information received from both insureds and ceding companies and are then adjusted by us based on industry knowledge and our judgment and estimates. We then evaluate the overall adequacy of the provision for current expected credit losses based on other qualitative and judgmental factors. At December 31, 2025, our premiums receivable balance was $7.3 billion (2024 - $7.3 billion). Of this amount, the majority are receivables from highly rated counterparties. At December 31, 2025, the provision for current expected credit losses on premiums receivable was $3.2 million (2024 - $4.6 million). Refer to “Note 7. Reinsurance,” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on premiums receivable. Reinsurance Recoverable We enter into retrocessional reinsurance agreements in order to help reduce our exposure to large losses and to help manage our risk portfolio. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the claims and claim expense reserves associated with the related assumed (re)insurance. For multi-year retrospectively rated contracts, we accrue amounts (either assets or liabilities) that are due to or from our retrocessionaires based on estimated contract experience. If we determine that adjustments to earlier estimates are appropriate, such adjustments are recorded in the period in which they are determined. The estimate of reinsurance recoverable can be more subjective than estimating the underlying claims and claim expense reserves as discussed under the heading “Claims and Claim Expense Reserves” above. In particular, reinsurance recoverable may be affected by deemed inuring reinsurance, frequency and timing of industry losses reported by various statistical reporting services, loss development, loss buffer tables and various other factors. Reinsurance recoverable on dual trigger reinsurance contracts require us to estimate our ultimate losses applicable to these contracts as well as estimate the ultimate amount of insured industry losses that will be reported by the applicable statistical reporting agency, as per the contract terms. In addition, the level of our ACR and IBNR reserves has a significant impact on reinsurance recoverable. These factors can impact the amount and timing of the reinsurance recoverable to be recorded. The majority of the balance we have accrued as recoverable will not be due for collection until some point in the future. The amounts recoverable that will ultimately be collected are subject to uncertainty due to the ultimate ability and willingness of reinsurers to pay our claims at a future point in time, for reasons including insolvency or elective run-off, contractual dispute and various other reasons. In addition, because the majority of the balances recoverable will not be collected for some time, economic conditions, as well as the financial and operational performance of a particular reinsurer may change, and these changes may affect the reinsurer’s willingness and ability to meet their contractual obligations to us on uncollateralized 66 recoverable balances. To reflect these uncertainties, we estimate and record a provision for current expected credit losses for potential uncollectible reinsurance recoverable which reduces reinsurance recoverable and net income. We estimate our provision for current expected credit losses by applying specific percentages against each reinsurance recoverable based on our counterparty’s credit rating. The percentages applied are based on historical industry default statistics developed by major rating agencies and are then adjusted by us based on industry knowledge and our judgment and estimates. We then evaluate the overall adequacy of the provision for current expected credit losses based on other qualitative and judgmental factors. At December 31, 2025, our reinsurance recoverable balance was $3.9 billion (2024 - $4.5 billion). Of this amount, 46.9% is fully collateralized by our reinsurers, 51.5% is recoverable from reinsurers rated A- or higher by major rating agencies and 1.6% is recoverable from reinsurers rated lower than A- by major rating agencies (2024 - 55.7%, 43.2% and 1.0%, respectively). The reinsurers with the three largest balances accounted for 12.6%, 10.1% and 7.0%, respectively, of our reinsurance recoverable balance at December 31, 2025 (2024 - 12.6%, 11.0% and 8.3%, respectively). The provision for current expected credit losses recorded against reinsurance recoverable was $13.2 million at December 31, 2025 (2024 - $11.7 million). The three largest company-specific components of the provision for current expected credit losses represented 20.4%, 17.2% and 4.8%, respectively, of our total provision for current expected credit losses at December 31, 2025 (2024 - 23.9%, 7.2% and 5.9%, respectively). Refer to “Note 7. Reinsurance,” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on reinsurance recoverable. Fair Value Measurements and Impairments Fair Value Measurements The use of fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities with resulting unrealized gains or losses is pervasive within our consolidated financial statements. Fair value is defined under accounting guidance currently applicable to us as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between open market participants at the measurement date. We recognize the change in unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in fair value in our consolidated statements of operations. FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement prescribes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to the respective valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to valuation techniques that use at least one significant input that is unobservable (Level 3). In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and we consider factors specific to the asset or liability. In order to determine if a market is active or inactive for a security, we consider a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the spread between what a seller is asking for a security and what a buyer is bidding for the same security, the volume of trading activity for the security in question, the price of the security compared to its par value (for fixed maturity investments), and other factors that may be indicative of market activity. At December 31, 2025, we classified $182.1 million and $0.1 million of our assets and liabilities, respectively, at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs (2024 - $45.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively). This represented 0.3% and 0.0% of our total assets and liabilities, respectively (2024 - 0.1% and 0.0%, respectively). Level 3 fair value measurements are based on valuation techniques that use at least one significant input that is unobservable. These measurements are made under circumstances in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. We use valuation models or other pricing techniques that require a variety of inputs including contractual terms, market prices and rates, yield curves, credit curves, measures of volatility including credit spreads and projected cash flows, prepayment rates 67 and correlations of such inputs, some of which may be unobservable, to value these Level 3 assets and liabilities. Refer to “Note 6. Fair Value Measurements” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information about fair value measurements. Impairments The amount and timing of asset impairment is subject to significant estimation techniques and is a critical accounting estimate for us. The significant impairment reviews we complete are for our goodwill and other intangible assets and equity method investments, as described in more detail below. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill and other intangible assets acquired are initially recorded at fair value, the assessment of which requires significant judgments, assumptions and estimates which are inherently subjective. As discussed above, the measurement of fair values is a critical accounting estimate, and involves numerous inputs into the assessment, including a range of reasonable judgments that impact the determination of fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, finite lived other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful life, subject to impairment, and goodwill and indefinite lived other intangible assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, subject to impairment. If goodwill or other intangible assets are impaired, they are written down to their estimated fair values with a corresponding expense reflected in our consolidated statements of operations. We assess goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment in the second half of each year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. For purposes of the annual impairment evaluation, we assess qualitative factors to determine if events or circumstances exist that would lead us to conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we do not perform a quantitative evaluation. Should we determine that a quantitative analysis is required, we will first determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare that with the carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, then goodwill is not considered impaired and no further analysis is required. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, we then proceed to determine the amount of the impairment charge, if any. There are many assumptions and estimates underlying the fair value calculation. Principally, we identify the reporting unit or business entity that the goodwill or other intangible asset is attributed to, and review historical and forecasted operating and financial performance and other underlying factors affecting such analysis, including market conditions. Other assumptions used could produce significantly different results which may result in a change in the value of goodwill or our other intangible assets and a related charge in our consolidated statements of operations. An impairment charge could be recognized in the event of a significant decline in the implied fair value of those operations where the goodwill or other intangible assets are applicable. In the event we determine that the value of goodwill has become impaired, an accounting charge will be taken in the fiscal quarter in which such determination is made, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the impairment charge is recorded. As a result of our impairment assessment performed during the second half of 2025, the Company determined that there was no impairment during 2025, and therefore the Company recorded no intangible asset impairment or goodwill charge during the year ended December 31, 2025. Refer to “Note 4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information. As at December 31, 2025, excluding the amounts recorded in investments in other ventures, under the equity method, as noted below, our consolidated balance sheets include $300.5 million of goodwill (2024 - $300.5 million) and $332.6 million of other intangible assets (2024 - $403.6 million). Impairment charges related to these balances were $Nil during 2025 (2024 - $13.8 million). Refer to “Note 3. Acquisition of Validus” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information with respect to goodwill and intangible assets acquired in connection with the Validus Acquisition. In the future, it is possible we will hold more goodwill and intangible assets, which would increase the degree of judgment and 68 uncertainty embedded in our financial statements, and potentially increase the volatility of our reported results. Investments in Other Ventures, Under Equity Method Investments in which we have significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee are classified as investments in other ventures, under equity method, and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Under this method, we record our proportionate share of income or loss from such investments in our results for the period. Any decline in the value of investments in other ventures, under equity method, including goodwill and other intangible assets arising upon acquisition of the investee, considered by management to be other-than-temporary, is reflected in our consolidated statements of operations in the period in which it is determined. As of December 31, 2025, we had $121.9 million (2024 - $102.8 million) in investments in other ventures, under equity method on our consolidated balance sheets, including $8.7 million of goodwill and $0.2 million of other intangible assets (2024 - $8.7 million and $0.2 million). The carrying value of our investments in other ventures, under equity method, individually or in the aggregate, may, and likely will, differ from the realized value we may ultimately attain, perhaps significantly so. In determining whether an equity method investment is impaired, we take into consideration a variety of factors including the operating and financial performance of the investee, the investee’s future business plans and projections, recent transactions and market valuations of publicly traded companies where available, discussions with the investee’s management, and our intent and ability to hold the investment until it recovers in value. Accordingly, we make assumptions and estimates in assessing whether an impairment has occurred and if, in the future, our assumptions and estimates made in assessing the fair value of these investments change, this could result in a material decrease in the carrying value of these investments. This would cause us to write-down the carrying value of these investments and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period the impairment charge is taken. We do not have any current plans to dispose of these investments, and cannot assure you we will consummate future transactions in which we realize the value at which these holdings are reflected in our financial statements. During 2025, we recorded no impairment charge associated with our investments in other ventures, under equity method (2024 - $9.1 million). Income Taxes Income taxes have been determined in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities result from temporary differences between the amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities. Such temporary differences are primarily due to net operating loss and capital loss carryforwards and GAAP versus tax basis accounting differences relating to insurance-related assets and liabilities, investments, and deferred revenues and expenses, among others. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax laws or tax rates is recognized in income in the period in which the change is enacted. A valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets is recorded if it is more likely than not that all, or some portion, of the benefits related to net deferred tax assets will not be realized. Significant judgments, assumptions and estimates which are inherently subjective are required in determining income tax expense, temporary differences, the deferred tax impact of a change in law, and valuation allowances. Refer to “Note 15. Taxation” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information. Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities At December 31, 2025, our net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance and valuation allowance were $747.0 million and $80.1 million, respectively (2024 - $822.6 million and $147.1 million, respectively). At each balance sheet date, we assess the need to establish a valuation allowance that reduces the net deferred tax asset when it is more likely than not that all, or some portion, of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance assessment is performed separately in each taxable jurisdiction based on all available information including projections of future GAAP taxable income from each tax-paying component in each tax jurisdiction.  69 Unrecognized Tax Benefits We have unrecognized tax benefits of $Nil as of December 31, 2025 (2024 - $Nil). Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits would be recognized in income tax expense. At December 31, 2025, interest and penalties accrued on unrecognized tax benefits were $Nil (2024 - $Nil). 70 SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Below is a discussion of the results of operations for 2025, compared to 2024. Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) Statements of Operations Highlights Gross premiums written $ 11,738,420  $ 11,733,066  $ 5,354  Net premiums written $ 9,870,200  $ 9,952,216  $ (82,016) Net premiums earned $ 9,901,182  $ 10,095,760  $ (194,578) Net claims and claim expenses incurred 5,615,839  5,332,981  282,858  Acquisition expenses 2,550,823  2,643,867  (93,044) Operational expenses 464,477  496,588  (32,111) Underwriting income (loss) $ 1,270,043  $ 1,622,324  $ (352,281) Net investment income $ 1,703,475  $ 1,654,289  $ 49,186  Equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures (1) 71,332  47,087  24,245  Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 1,181,268  (27,840) 1,209,108  Total investment result (1) $ 2,956,075  $ 1,673,536  $ 1,282,539  Net income (loss) $ 3,617,743  $ 2,960,532  $ 657,211  Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 2,646,959  $ 1,834,985  $ 811,974  Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share – diluted $ 56.03  $ 35.21  $ 20.82  Dividends per common share $ 1.60  $ 1.56  $ 0.04  Key Ratios Net claims and claim expense ratio – current accident year 67.7  % 61.3  % 6.4   pts Net claims and claim expense ratio – prior accident years (11.0) % (8.5) % (2.5)  pts Net claims and claim expense ratio – calendar year 56.7  % 52.8  % 3.9   pts Underwriting expense ratio 30.5  % 31.1  % (0.6)  pts Combined ratio 87.2  % 83.9  % 3.3   pts Return on average common equity 25.9  % 19.3  % 6.6   pts Book Value December 31, 2025 December 31, 2024 Change Book value per common share $ 247.00  $ 195.77  $ 51.23  Accumulated dividends per common share 29.68  28.08  1.60  Book value per common share plus accumulated dividends $ 276.68  $ 223.85  $ 52.83  Year to date change in book value per common share 26.2  % Year to date change in book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 27.0  % (1)In 2025, the Company revised its presentation of “total investment result” to include equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures. Comparative information for the prior periods presented have been updated to conform to the current presentation. 71 Net income available to RenaissanceRe common shareholders was $2.6 billion in 2025, compared to $1.8 billion in 2024. As a result, in 2025 we generated an annualized return on average common equity of 25.9% and our book value per common share increased from $195.77 at December 31, 2024 to $247.00 at December 31, 2025, an 26.2% increase, or an 27.0% increase, after considering the change in accumulated dividends paid to our common shareholders. The most significant items affecting our financial performance during 2025, on a comparative basis to 2024, include: •Underwriting Results –underwriting income of $1.3 billion, a decrease of $352.3 million, and an increase in the combined ratio of 3.3 percentage points, driven primarily by: –a $785.7 million net negative impact on net income available to RenaissanceRe common shareholders from the 2025 Large Loss Events, compared to $660.5 million from the 2024 Large Loss Events; partially offset by –higher prior accident year net favorable development, driven by the Property segment. •Investment Results –total investment result increased by $1.3 billion, primarily driven by: –an increase of $1.2 billion in net realized and unrealized gains on investments; and –an increase in net investment income of $49.2 million. –net investment income of $1.7 billion included $519.5 million attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests which was allocated to third-party investors and not retained by us. •Fee Income –income of $328.9 million, increased by $2.1 million primarily due to: –an increase of $14.4 million in performance fees; and –a decrease of $12.4 million in management fees. –included $250.1 million of fee income recorded in net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest, which is not included in our underwriting income (loss). •Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests –income of $935.4 million, which represents the portion of our net income (loss) that is allocated to third-party investors and not retained by us. –decreased by $154.8 million, primarily due to the increased impact of the large losses in 2025 as compared to 2024, despite strong underwriting results. •Income Tax Benefit (Expense) –expense of $396.3 million, an increase of $363.7 million, primarily driven by strong profitability across our operating jurisdictions, including Bermuda. 72 Net Negative Impact Net negative impact on underwriting result includes the sum of (1) net claims and claim expenses incurred, (2) assumed and ceded reinstatement premiums earned and (3) earned and lost profit commissions. Net negative impact on net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders is the sum of (1) net negative impact on underwriting result, (2) redeemable noncontrolling interest and (3) income tax benefit (expense) beginning in the first quarter of 2025. Prior to January 1, 2025, net negative impact on net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders did not include any related income tax benefit (expense) as it was not meaningful prior to the implementation of the Bermuda CIT effective January 1, 2025. Our estimates of net negative impact are based on a review of our potential exposures, preliminary discussions with certain counterparties and actuarial modeling techniques. Our actual net negative impact, both individually and in the aggregate, may vary from these estimates, perhaps materially. Changes in these estimates will be recorded in the period in which they occur. Meaningful uncertainty remains regarding the estimates and the nature and extent of the losses from these catastrophe events, driven by the magnitude and recent nature of the events, the geographic areas impacted by the events, relatively limited claims data received to date, the contingent nature of business interruption and other exposures, potential uncertainties relating to reinsurance recoveries and other factors inherent in loss estimation, among other things. 2025 Net Negative Impact The financial data below provides additional information detailing the net negative impact of the 2025 Large Loss Events on our segment underwriting results and consolidated combined ratio for 2025. Year ended December 31, 2025 California Wildfires (1) Hurricane Melissa Other 2025 Large Loss Events (2) 2025 Large Loss Events (3) (in thousands, except percentages) Net negative impact on Property segment underwriting result $ (1,094,657) $ (86,558) $ (2,060) $ (1,183,275) Net negative impact on Casualty and Specialty segment underwriting result (40,442) (2,006) (188,139) (230,587) Net negative impact on underwriting result $ (1,135,099) $ (88,564) $ (190,199) $ (1,413,862) Percentage point impact on consolidated combined ratio 12.3  0.9  2.1  15.3  The financial data below provides additional information detailing the net negative impact of the 2025 Large Loss Events on our consolidated financial statements for 2025. Year ended December 31, 2025 California Wildfires (1) Hurricane Melissa Other 2025 Large Loss Events (2) 2025 Large Loss Events (3) (in thousands) Net claims and claim expenses incurred $ (1,470,746) $ (100,426) $ (204,823) $ (1,775,995) Assumed reinstatement premiums earned 332,733  12,215  28,307  373,255  Ceded reinstatement premiums earned (20,983) (133) (13,683) (34,799) Earned (lost) profit commissions 23,897  (220) —  23,677  Net negative impact on underwriting result (1,135,099) (88,564) (190,199) (1,413,862) Redeemable noncontrolling interest 432,891  20,373  35,973  489,237  Income tax benefit (expense) 107,776  9,071  22,050  138,897  Net negative impact on net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ (594,432) $ (59,120) $ (132,176) $ (785,728) (1)The “California Wildfires” were a series of wildfires that burned throughout southern California in January 2025. (2)“Other 2025 Large Loss Events” represents: the crash of American Airlines flight 5342, certain refinery fires in the first quarter of 2025, the crash of UPS Airlines flight 2976, and the Grasberg mine landslide. (3)“2025 Large Loss Events” includes the California Wildfires, Hurricane Melissa and the Other 2025 Large Loss Events. 73 2024 Net Negative Impact The financial data below provides additional information detailing the net negative impact of the 2024 Large Loss Events on our segment underwriting results and consolidated financial statements for 2024. Year ended December 31, 2024 Hurricane Milton Hurricane Helene Other 2024 Large Loss Events (1) 2024 Large Loss Events (2) (in thousands, except percentages) Net negative impact on Property segment underwriting result $ (332,710) $ (179,618) $ (267,513) $ (779,841) Net negative impact on Casualty and Specialty segment underwriting result —  (605) (66,907) (67,512) Net negative impact on underwriting result $ (332,710) $ (180,223) $ (334,420) $ (847,353) Percentage point impact on consolidated combined ratio 3.4  1.8  3.6  8.8  The financial data below provides additional information detailing the net negative impact of the 2024 Large Loss Events on our consolidated financial statements for 2024. Year ended December 31, 2024 Hurricane Milton Hurricane Helene Other 2024 Large Loss Events (1) 2024 Large Loss Events (2) (in thousands) Net claims and claim expenses incurred $ (406,878) $ (217,767) $ (381,330) $ (1,005,975) Assumed reinstatement premiums earned 86,128  40,655  53,159  179,942  Ceded reinstatement premiums earned (2,158) (931) (9,971) (13,060) Earned (lost) profit commissions (9,802) (2,180) 3,722  (8,260) Net negative impact on underwriting result (332,710) (180,223) (334,420) (847,353) Redeemable noncontrolling interest 62,229  36,969  87,625  186,823  Net negative impact on net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ (270,481) $ (143,254) $ (246,795) $ (660,530) (1)“Other 2024 Large Loss Events” includes: the Baltimore Bridge Collapse; a series of severe convective storms that impacted the Southern and Midwest United States; the Hualien earthquake which impacted Taiwan in April 2024; a severe hailstorm which impacted Calgary in August 2024, Hurricanes Debby and Beryl, and certain aggregate loss contracts triggered during 2024. (2)“2024 Large Loss Events” includes: Hurricanes Milton and Helene, and the “Other 2024 Large Loss Events.” 74 Underwriting Results by Segment Property Segment Below is a summary of the underwriting results and ratios for our Property segment: Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands, except percentages) Gross premiums written $ 4,942,141 $ 4,823,731 $ 118,410 Net premiums written $ 4,043,996 $ 3,833,636 $ 210,360 Net premiums earned $ 3,971,669 $ 3,850,352 $ 121,317 Net claims and claim expenses incurred 1,426,015 1,141,726 284,289 Acquisition expenses 714,852 758,554 (43,702) Operational expenses 297,481 302,360 (4,879) Underwriting income (loss) $ 1,533,321 $ 1,647,712 $ (114,391) Net claims and claim expenses incurred – current accident year $ 2,515,211 $ 1,960,578 $ 554,633 Net claims and claim expenses incurred – prior accident years (1,089,196) (818,852) (270,344) Net claims and claim expenses incurred – total $ 1,426,015 $ 1,141,726 $ 284,289 Net claims and claim expense ratio – current accident year 63.3  % 50.9  % 12.4   pts Net claims and claim expense ratio – prior accident years (27.4) % (21.2) % (6.2)  pts Net claims and claim expense ratio – calendar year 35.9  % 29.7  % 6.2   pts Underwriting expense ratio 25.5  % 27.5  % (2.0)  pts Combined ratio 61.4  % 57.2  % 4.2   pts Property Gross Premiums Written •Gross premiums written increased by $118.4 million, or 2.5%, driven by: –an increase in the catastrophe class of $321.3 million, or 10.7%, and included: –an increase of $145.8 million, or 5.0%, without the impact of reinstatement premiums, driven by strong mid-year renewals with growth on existing clients as well as new underwriting opportunities, including U.S. catastrophe exposed business; and –an increase in reinstatement premiums of $175.5 million, due to the increased impact of the large losses in 2025 as compared to 2024; partially offset by –a decrease of $202.9 million, or 11.1%, in the other property class, primarily reflecting premium adjustments, in part due to rate decreases in the excess and surplus business. Property Ceded Premiums Written Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Ceded premiums written $ 898,145  $ 990,095  $ (91,950) Due to the potential volatility of the reinsurance contracts which we sell, we purchase reinsurance to reduce our exposure to large losses and to help manage our risk portfolio. To the extent that appropriately priced coverage is available, we anticipate continued use of retrocessional reinsurance to reduce the impact of large losses on our financial results and to manage our portfolio of risk; however, the buying of ceded 75 reinsurance in our Property segment is based on market opportunities and is not based on placing a specific reinsurance program each year. •Ceded premiums written decreased by $92.0 million, or 9.3%, as part of our gross-to-net strategy, driven by: –reduced utilization of Upsilon, which was not deployed at the January 1 renewals and with reduced deployment at the mid-year renewals; –reduced ceded spend and limit purchased within our other property class; and –a reduction in ceded reinstatement premiums, largely driven by the increase in prior accident year favorable development; partially offset by –an increase in ceded spend and limit purchased in our catastrophe class, including additional limit purchased in response to the California Wildfires and growth in the assumed catastrophe portfolio. Property Net Premiums Earned •Net premiums earned increased by $121.3 million, or 3.2%, driven by: –$290.3 million of net reinstatement premiums, primarily from the 2025 Large Loss Events; partially offset by –a decrease in gross premiums written within the other property class. Property Underwriting Results •Net claims and claim expense ratio increased by 6.2 percentage points, driven by: –a 12.4 percentage point increase in the current accident year net claims and claim expense ratio, which consisted of a 36.1 percentage point impact from the 2025 Large Loss Events, compared to 23.0 percentage points from the 2024 Large Loss Events in 2024, and included: –a 25.3 percentage point increase in the catastrophe class, which included a 53.2 percentage point impact from the 2025 Large Loss Events, compared to the 2024 Large Loss Events, which added 28.6 percentage points in 2024; partially offset by –a 6.8 percentage point improvement in the other property class due to lower catastrophe losses in 2025, which included a 9.6 percentage point impact from the 2025 Large Loss Events, compared to a 16.7 percentage point impact in 2024 from the 2024 Large Loss Events. –net favorable development of 27.4% in the prior accident years net claims and claim expense ratio, and included: –net favorable development of $613.4 million in the catastrophe class, primarily from the large loss events across the 2021 to 2024 accident years; and –net favorable development of $475.8 million in the other property class, primarily due to reported losses coming in lower than expected from large loss events in 2022 and 2024, and attritional loss experience. •Underwriting expense ratio improved by 2.0 percentage points, driven by: –a 1.6 percentage point improvement in the acquisition expense ratio, due to: –a 0.7 percentage point improvement from the increase in net reinstatement premiums primarily related to the 2025 Large Loss Events; and –a 0.9 percentage point improvement primarily reflecting an increase in profit commissions from Upsilon, driven by strong current underwriting year results as well as prior accident year favorable development. 76 –a 0.4 percentage point improvement in the operating expense ratio, due to: –an increase in net reinstatement premiums primarily related to the 2025 Large Loss Events; and –the Bermuda tax credits which were enacted in the fourth quarter of 2025; partially offset by –an increase in compensation expenses in addition to a reduction in operating expenses recorded through underwriting income (loss). •Combined ratio of 61.4%, which included a 35.7 percentage points impact from the 2025 Large Loss Events, partially offset by an increase in prior accident year net favorable development. •Net negative impact on the Property segment underwriting result of $1.2 billion from the 2025 Large Loss Events, –compared to the 2024 Large Loss Events, which had a $779.8 million net negative impact on the Property segment underwriting result and added 23.0 percentage points to the combined ratio in 2024. Refer to “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates—Claims and Claim Expense Reserves” and “Note 8. Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional discussion of our reserving techniques and prior year development of net claims and claim expenses. Casualty and Specialty Segment Below is a summary of the underwriting results and ratios for our Casualty and Specialty segment: Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands, except percentages) Gross premiums written $ 6,796,279  $ 6,909,335  $ (113,056) Net premiums written $ 5,826,204  $ 6,118,580  $ (292,376) Net premiums earned $ 5,929,513  $ 6,245,408  $ (315,895) Net claims and claim expenses incurred 4,189,824  4,191,255  (1,431) Acquisition expenses 1,835,971  1,885,313  (49,342) Operational expenses 166,996  194,228  (27,232) Underwriting income (loss) $ (263,278) $ (25,388) $ (237,890) Net claims and claim expenses incurred – current accident year $ 4,191,561  $ 4,223,737  $ (32,176) Net claims and claim expenses incurred – prior accident years (1,737) (32,482) 30,745  Net claims and claim expenses incurred – total $ 4,189,824  $ 4,191,255  $ (1,431) Net claims and claim expense ratio – current accident year 70.7  % 67.6  % 3.1   pts Net claims and claim expense ratio – prior accident years —  % (0.5) % 0.5   pts Net claims and claim expense ratio – calendar year 70.7  % 67.1  % 3.6   pts Underwriting expense ratio 33.7  % 33.3  % 0.4   pts Combined ratio 104.4  % 100.4  % 4.0   pts 77 Casualty and Specialty Gross Premiums Written •Gross premiums written decreased by $113.1 million, or 1.6%, driven by: –decreases in the professional liability, general casualty and other specialty classes of 11.2%, 5.9% and 6.6%, respectively, principally due to exposure reductions in the casualty lines of business and changes in premium estimates on business underwritten in prior years in the other specialty class, largely from rate pressure in cyber; partially offset by –an increase of 35.8% in the credit class, primarily due to growth in our existing mortgage book of business. Casualty and Specialty Ceded Premiums Written Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Ceded premiums written $ 970,075  $ 790,755  $ 179,320  We purchase reinsurance to reduce our exposure to large losses and to help manage our risk portfolio. To the extent that appropriately priced coverage is available, we anticipate continued use of retrocessional reinsurance to reduce the impact of large losses on our financial results and to manage our portfolio of risk. As in our Property segment, the buying of ceded reinsurance in our Casualty and Specialty segment is based on market opportunities and is not based on placing a specific reinsurance program each year. •Ceded premiums written increased by $179.3 million, or 22.7%, driven by: –an increase in the amount of quota share retrocessional coverage purchased. Casualty and Specialty Net Premiums Written •Net premiums written decreased by $292.4 million, or 4.8%, consistent with the changes in gross premiums written and quota share retrocessional coverage purchased. Casualty and Specialty Underwriting Results •Underwriting loss of $263.3 million, included: –a $230.6 million impact from the 2025 Large Loss Events; and –$119.1 million from purchase accounting related adjustments principally related to the Validus Acquisition. •Net claims and claim expense ratio increased by 3.6 percentage points, and included: –a 3.1 percentage point increase in the current accident year net claims and claim expense ratio, principally driven by: –the 2025 Large Loss Events, which contributed 4.1 percentage points to the current accident year claims and claim expense ratio; and –higher attritional losses, primarily within the casualty lines of business. –net favorable development of $1.7 million in the prior accident year net claims and claim expense ratio, principally driven by: –reported losses generally coming in lower than expected on attritional net claims and claim expenses from the other specialty, credit, and professional liability classes; partially offset by –adverse development from the general liability line of business; and –an adverse impact of 0.5 percentage points from purchase accounting adjustments. 78 •Underwriting expense ratio increased by 0.4 percentage points, principally driven by: –changes in mix of business from increased mortgage premium, which carries higher acquisition costs; partially offset by –the Bermuda tax credits which were enacted in the fourth quarter of 2025. •Combined ratio of 104.4%, which included a 3.8 percentage point impact from the 2025 Large Loss Events. Refer to “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates—Claims and Claim Expense Reserves” and “Note 8. Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional discussion of our reserving techniques and prior year development of net claims and claim expenses. Our relative mix of business between proportional business and excess of loss business has fluctuated in the past and will likely continue to do so in the future. Proportional business, which represents the majority of our Casualty and Specialty segment business, typically has a higher expense ratio and tends to be exposed to more attritional and frequent losses, while being subject to lower expected severity compared to traditional excess of loss business. Fee Income The table below shows the total fee income we earned from third-party capital management activities, including various joint ventures and managed funds, and certain structured reinsurance products. Management fees are fees that we receive for the day-to-day management and oversight of our joint venture vehicles, managed funds and certain structured reinsurance products. Performance fees are based on the performance of the individual vehicles or products and may be zero or negative in a particular period. For example, large losses could potentially result in no performance fees or the reversal of previously accrued performance fees. Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Management Fee Income Joint ventures (1) $ 150,823  $ 157,427  $ (6,604) Managed funds (2) 26,338  33,228  (6,890) Structured reinsurance products and other (3) 30,323  29,205  1,118  Total management fee income 207,484  219,860  (12,376) Performance Fee Income (Loss) Joint ventures (1) 70,721  74,903  (4,182) Managed funds (2) 26,944  10,785  16,159  Structured reinsurance products and other (3) 23,703  21,248  2,455  Total performance fee income (loss) 121,368  106,936  14,432  Total fee income $ 328,852  $ 326,796  $ 2,056  (1)Joint ventures include DaVinci, Top Layer, Vermeer, and Fontana. (2)Managed funds include Upsilon Fund, Medici and Medici UCITS, as well as certain third-party capital vehicles we manage through AlphaCat Managers. (3)Structured reinsurance products and other includes certain reinsurance agreements and other vehicles through which we transfer risk to third-party capital. 79 •Total fee income increased by $2.1 million, due to: –an increase in performance fees of $14.4 million, driven by strong current year underwriting results in DaVinci and Upsilon, and higher prior accident years net favorable development, primarily in Upsilon; partially offset by –a decrease in management fee income of $12.4 million, driven by: –a reduction in management fees from DaVinci as a result of the recapture of previously deferred management fees during 2024 that related to prior years, compared to no recapture related to prior years in 2025; and –a decrease in management fees from AlphaCat Managers due to the continued release of trapped collateral to investors. •Total fee income included $250.1 million of fee income recorded in net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest, which is not included in our underwriting income (loss). The fee income we earned from third-party capital management activities and certain structured reinsurance products is recorded in multiple line items in our financial statements. The table below summarizes the impact of fee income on the financial statements. Fee income recorded in net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest is not included in underwriting income (loss). Year ended December 31 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Fee income recorded in net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest $ 250,089  $ 283,873  $ (33,784) Fee income recorded in underwriting income (loss) (1) 78,763  42,923  35,840  Total fee income $ 328,852  $ 326,796  $ 2,056  (1)Reflects total fee income earned from third-party capital management activities and certain structured reinsurance products which is recorded through underwriting income (loss) as a decrease (increase) to operational expenses or acquisition expenses. During 2025, $46.3 million of management fee income was recorded as a reduction to operational expenses (2024 - $51.0 million) and $32.4 million of performance fee income was recorded as a reduction to acquisition expenses (2024 - increase to acquisition expenses of $8.1 million). Investment Results Net Investment Income Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Fixed maturity investments trading $ 1,144,271  $ 1,116,649  $ 27,622  Short term investments 190,549  183,153  7,396  Equity investments Fixed income exchange traded funds 48,897  —  48,897  Common stock (1) 2,671  2,460  211  Other investments Catastrophe bonds 200,465  238,844  (38,379) Fund and direct private equity investments (2) 96,629  82,457  14,172  Cash and cash equivalents 47,379  54,241  (6,862) 1,730,861  1,677,804  53,057  Investment expenses (27,386) (23,515) (3,871) Net investment income $ 1,703,475  $ 1,654,289  $ 49,186  (1)In 2025, we revised the description of our “other equity investments” to “common stock.” (2)In 2025, we revised the description of our “other investments - other” to “other investments - fund and direct private equity investments.” 80 •Net investment income remained consistently strong, with an increase of $49.2 million, primarily due to: –higher average invested assets in the fixed maturity investments portfolio; partially offset by –decreases in market yields. •Net investment income included $519.5 million of income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests, which was ultimately allocated to third-party investors and not retained by us. Equity in Earnings (Losses) of Other Ventures Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures $ 71,332  $ 47,087  $ 24,245  Equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures represents our pro-rata share of the net income from our investments in a select group of insurance and insurance-related companies, including the Tower Hill Companies and Top Layer. Except for Top Layer, which is recorded on a current quarter basis, equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures is recorded one quarter in arrears. The carrying value of these investments on our consolidated balance sheets, individually or in the aggregate, may differ from the realized value we may ultimately attain, perhaps significantly so. •Equity in earnings of other ventures increased by $24.2 million, driven by: –increased profitability of our equity investments during 2025, as certain insurance and insurance-related companies reported higher revenues and net income compared to 2024. Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Fixed maturity-related investments (1) (2) $ 504,000  $ (382,580) $ 886,580  Equity related-investments (1) (3) 188,270  13,309  174,961  Commodity-related investments (1) (4) 415,495  76,545  338,950  Other investments Catastrophe bonds (10,978) 62,353  (73,331) Fund and direct private equity investments (5) 84,481  202,533  (118,052) Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments $ 1,181,268  $ (27,840) $ 1,209,108  (1)Refer to “Note 19. Derivative Instruments” in our “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on investment-related derivatives. (2)Includes fixed maturity investments and investment-related derivatives, which includes interest rate futures, credit default swaps and interest rate swaps. (3)Includes equity investments and investment-related derivatives, which includes equity futures and warrants. (4)Represents commodity-related derivatives, which includes commodity futures and commodity options. (5)In 2025, we revised the description of our “other investments - other” to “other investments - fund and direct private equity investments.” We structure our investment portfolio to emphasize the preservation of capital and the availability of liquidity to meet our claims obligations, to be well diversified across market sectors, and to generate relatively attractive returns on a risk-adjusted basis over time. As part of this strategy, we may use investment-related derivatives to obtain exposure to a particular financial market or to hedge portfolio risk. A large majority of our investments are invested in the fixed income markets and, therefore, our realized and unrealized holding gains and losses on investments are highly correlated to fluctuations in interest rates. As interest rates decline, we will tend to have realized and unrealized gains from our investment portfolio, and as interest rates rise, we will tend to have realized and unrealized losses from our investment portfolio. 81 •Net realized and unrealized gains on investments were driven by: –$504.0 million of net realized and unrealized gains on fixed maturity-related investments, due to market yields decreasing during 2025, including net gains on interest rate futures; –$415.5 million of net gains on commodity-related investments, principally gold futures; and –$188.3 million of net realized and unrealized gains on equity-related investments, primarily due to increased exposure to equity futures and favorable price movements through 2025. •Net realized and unrealized gains on investments increased by $1.2 billion, primarily driven by: –an increase in net realized and unrealized gains on our fixed maturity-related investments of $886.6 million, primarily due to: –$666.3 million of net realized and unrealized gains on our fixed maturity investments trading, driven by decreases in market yields in 2025, compared to increases in long term market yields in 2024; –$220.3 million of net gains on interest rate futures and credit default swaps, due to the impact of the market yield movements in each period. –an increase in net realized and unrealized gains on our equity-related investments of $175.0 million, primarily due to: –increased exposure to equity futures and favorable price movements through 2025; –an increase in net realized and unrealized gains on commodity-related investments of $339.0 million, primarily as a result of: –increased exposure to gold futures and favorable price movements through 2025; partially offset by –a decrease in net realized and unrealized gains on fund and direct private equity investments of $118.1 million, primarily due to TWFG Inc.’s initial public offering in 2024. Refer to “Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for additional information related to our exposure to market risk. In addition, refer to “Note 5. Investments” and “Note 19. Derivative Instruments” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our investments and derivatives we have entered into. Net Foreign Exchange Gains (Losses) Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Net foreign exchange gains (losses) $ (13,504) $ (76,076) $ 62,572  Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. We routinely write a portion of our business in currencies other than U.S. dollars and invest a portion of our cash and investment portfolio in those currencies. We are primarily impacted by foreign currency exposures associated with our underwriting operations and our investment portfolio, and may, from time to time, enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to minimize the effect of fluctuating foreign currencies on the value of non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities. •Net foreign exchange losses decreased by $62.6 million, driven by: –gains attributable to third-party investors in Medici, which are allocated through net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest in 2025, compared to losses attributable to third-party investors in Medici in 2024; partially offset by –a decrease in losses on certain foreign exchange exposures related to our underwriting activities. Refer to “Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for additional information related to our exposure to foreign currency risk and “Note 19. Derivative Instruments” in our 82 “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information related to the foreign currency derivatives we have entered into. Corporate Expenses Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Corporate expenses $ 82,008  $ 134,784  $ (52,776) Corporate expenses include certain executive, director, legal and consulting expenses, costs for research and development, and other miscellaneous costs, including those associated with operating as a publicly traded company, as well as costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of Validus. From time to time, we may revise the allocation of certain expenses between corporate and operational expenses to better reflect the characteristic of the underlying expense. •Corporate expenses decreased by $52.8 million, primarily driven by: –lower expenses associated with the Validus Acquisition, with $5.4 million in 2025, compared to $61.9 million in 2024; and –the Bermuda tax credits which were enacted in the fourth quarter of 2025; partially offset by –increased compensation expenses. Interest Expense and Preference Share Dividends Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Interest Expense 7.003% Senior Notes due 2035 (Fontana) (1) $ 1,167  $ —  $ 1,167  5.950% Senior Notes due 2035 (DaVinci) (2) 14,726  —  14,726  5.800% Senior Notes due 2035 24,489  —  24,489  5.750% Senior Notes due 2033 43,125  43,125  —  3.600% Senior Notes due 2029 14,400  14,400  —  3.450% Senior Notes due 2027 10,350  10,350  —  3.700% Senior Notes due 2025 (3) 2,775  11,100  (8,325) 4.750% Senior Notes due 2025 (DaVinci) (2) (4) 2,375  7,125  (4,750) Medici Revolving Credit Facility (5) 1,826  2,502  (676) Other 5,619  5,166  453  Total interest expense 120,852  93,768  27,084  Preference Share Dividends 5.750% Series F Preference Shares 14,375  14,375  —  4.20% Series G Preference Shares 21,000  21,000  —  Total preference share dividends 35,375  35,375  —  Total interest expense and preference share dividends $ 156,227  $ 129,143  $ 27,084  (1)RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in its joint venture Fontana. Because RenaissanceRe controls a majority of Fontana’s issued voting shares, the consolidated financial statements of Fontana are included in the consolidated financial statements of RenaissanceRe. RenaissanceRe has not provided any financial or other support to Fontana that it was not contractually required to provide. RenaissanceRe’s financial exposure to Fontana is limited to its investment in Fontana’s shares and counterparty credit risk arising from reinsurance transactions. (2)RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in its joint venture DaVinci. Because RenaissanceRe controls a majority of DaVinci’s issued voting shares, the consolidated financial statements of DaVinci are included in the consolidated financial statements of RenaissanceRe. However, RenaissanceRe does not guarantee or provide credit support for DaVinci and RenaissanceRe’s financial exposure to DaVinci is limited to its investment in DaVinci’s shares and counterparty credit risk arising from reinsurance transactions. (3)The 3.700% Senior Notes due 2025 were repaid in full at maturity on April 1, 2025. 83 (4)The 4.750% Senior Notes due 2025 (DaVinci) were repaid in full at maturity on May 1, 2025. (5)RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in Medici. Because RenaissanceRe controls all of Medici’s issued voting shares, the financial statements of Medici are included in RenaissanceRe’s consolidated financial statements. On December 18, 2025, the Medici Revolving Credit Facility was terminated. •Interest expense increased $27.1 million, primarily driven by: –additional interest expense resulting from the issuance of the 5.800% Senior Notes due 2035 and the 5.950% Senior Notes due 2035 (DaVinci); partially offset by –a decrease in interest expense resulting from the maturity of the 3.700% Senior Notes due 2025 and the 4.750% Senior Notes due 2025 (DaVinci) in 2025. Income Tax Benefit (Expense) Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Income tax benefit (expense) $ (396,332) $ (32,628) $ (363,704) •Income tax expense increased by $363.7 million, primarily driven by: –strong profitability across our operating jurisdictions, including Bermuda, which became subject to the CIT in 2025. We are subject to income taxes in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Through December 31, 2024, we were not subject to any income taxes or capital gains taxes in Bermuda. The CIT became effective on January 1, 2025. As a result, our profits generated on or after January 1, 2025 in Bermuda (except for profits earned by joint ventures and managed funds) are subject to a 15% corporate income tax. Furthermore, the profits generated in Bermuda on or after January 1, 2025 by our consolidated joint ventures and managed funds, except to the extent those profits are attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests, are also generally taxed at 15% as a result of the enactment of Pillar II Rules by many of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our consolidated effective tax rate has increased in 2025 as a result of these changes. Our effective tax rate, which is based upon the expected annual effective tax rate, may fluctuate from period to period based on the relative mix of income or loss reported by jurisdiction and the varying tax rates in each jurisdiction. Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Redeemable noncontrolling interest - DaVinci $ 596,851  $ 627,055  $ (30,204) Redeemable noncontrolling interest - Medici 162,676  202,941  (40,265) Redeemable noncontrolling interest - Vermeer 122,574  244,560  (121,986) Redeemable noncontrolling interest - Fontana 53,308  15,616  37,692  Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests $ 935,409  $ 1,090,172  $ (154,763) •Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests decreased by $154.8 million, primarily driven by: –DaVinci and Vermeer, which had lower net income in 2025 compared to 2024, primarily as a result of losses associated with the 2025 Large Loss Events; partially offset by –higher net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains on investments in DaVinci and Fontana in 2025, compared to net investment income and net realized and unrealized losses on investments in 2024; and –a decrease in management and performance fee income recorded in noncontrolling interests as a result of the recapture of previously deferred management fees during 2024 84 that related to prior years, compared to no recapture related to prior years in 2025, and lower underwriting income in 2025 compared to 2024. •Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests of $935.4 million included $519.5 million of net investment income, partially offset by $250.1 million in management and performance fee income. Refer to “Note 10. Noncontrolling Interests” in our “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our redeemable noncontrolling interests. FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Financial Condition As a Bermuda-domiciled holding company, RenaissanceRe has limited operations of its own. Its assets consist primarily of investments in subsidiaries and cash and securities in amounts which fluctuate over time. We therefore rely on dividends and distributions (and other statutorily permissible payments) from our subsidiaries, investment income and fee income to meet our liquidity requirements, which primarily include making principal and interest payments on our debt and dividend payments to our preference and common shareholders. The payment of dividends by our subsidiaries is, under certain circumstances, limited by the applicable laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions in which our subsidiaries operate. In addition, insurance laws require our insurance subsidiaries to maintain certain measures of solvency and liquidity. We believe that each of our insurance subsidiaries and branches exceeded the minimum solvency, capital and surplus requirements in their applicable jurisdictions at December 31, 2025. Certain of our subsidiaries and branches are required to file FCRs with their regulators, which provide details on solvency and financial performance. Where required, these FCRs will be posted on our website. The regulations governing our and our principal operating subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends and to maintain certain measures of solvency and liquidity, and requirements to file FCRs are discussed in detail in “Part I, Item 1. Business—Regulation” and “Note 18. Statutory Requirements” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.” Liquidity and Cash Flows Holding Company Liquidity RenaissanceRe’s principal uses of liquidity are: (1) common share related transactions including dividend payments to our common shareholders and common share repurchases, (2) preference share related transactions including dividend payments to our preference shareholders and preference share redemptions, (3) interest and principal payments on debt, (4) capital investments in our subsidiaries, (5) acquisition of, or investments in, new or existing companies or books of business of other companies, such as the Validus Acquisition, and (6) certain corporate and operational expenses. We attempt to structure our organization in a way that facilitates efficient capital movements between RenaissanceRe and our operating subsidiaries and to ensure that adequate liquidity is available when required, giving consideration to applicable laws and regulations, and the domiciliary location of sources of liquidity and related obligations. For example, our internal investment structures and cash pooling arrangements among RenaissanceRe and certain of our subsidiaries help to efficiently facilitate capital and liquidity movements. In the aggregate, our principal operating subsidiaries have historically produced sufficient cash flows to meet their expected claims payments and operational expenses and to provide dividend payments to us. In addition, our subsidiaries maintain a concentration of investments in high quality liquid securities, which management believes will provide additional liquidity for extraordinary claims payments should the need arise. In 2024 and 2025, we received significant distributions of capital from many of our principal operating subsidiaries, including Renaissance Reinsurance and RREAG, from earnings in the ordinary course and in connection with the integration of Validus and streamlining of our corporate structure. However, in some circumstances, RenaissanceRe may determine it is necessary or advisable to contribute capital to our subsidiaries, or may be contractually required to contribute capital to our subsidiaries, joint ventures or managed funds. For example, in 2024, RenaissanceRe contributed capital to RenaissanceRe 85 Specialty U.S. to support growth in premiums. In addition, from time to time we invest in new managed joint ventures or managed funds, increase our investments in certain of our managed joint ventures or managed funds and contribute cash or assets to these entities, such as in connection with the launch of Medici UCITS in 2025. Examples of our contractual requirements to make capital contributions to our subsidiaries or joint ventures or managed funds include our net worth maintenance agreements with certain operating subsidiaries, and Renaissance Reinsurance’s obligation to make a mandatory capital contribution of up to $50.0 million in the event that a loss reduces Top Layer’s capital below a specified level. Sources of Liquidity Historically, cash receipts from operations, consisting primarily of premiums, investment income and fee income, have provided sufficient funds to pay the losses and operational expenses incurred by our subsidiaries and to fund dividends and distributions to RenaissanceRe. Other potential sources of liquidity include borrowings under our credit facilities and issuances of securities. The premiums received by our operating subsidiaries are generally received months or even years before losses are paid under the policies related to such premiums. Premiums and acquisition expenses generally are received within the first two years of inception of a contract, while operational expenses are generally paid within a year of being incurred. It generally takes much longer for net claims and claim expenses incurred to be reported and ultimately settled, requiring the establishment of reserves for claims and claim expenses and reinsurance recoverable. Therefore, the amount of net claims paid in any one year is not necessarily related to the amount of net claims and claim expenses incurred in that year, as reported in the consolidated statements of operations. We expect that our liquidity needs for the next 12 months will be met by our cash receipts from operations. However, as a result of a combination of market conditions, turnover of our investment portfolios and changes in investment yields, and the nature of our business where a large portion of the coverages we provide can produce losses of high severity and low frequency, future cash flows from operating activities cannot be accurately predicted and may fluctuate significantly between individual quarters and years. In addition, due to the magnitude and complexity of certain large loss events, meaningful uncertainty remains regarding losses from these events and our actual ultimate net losses from these events may vary materially from preliminary estimates, which would impact our cash flows from operations. Our “shelf” registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act allows for the public offering of various types of securities, including common shares, preference shares and debt securities, which provides a source of liquidity. Because we are a “well-known seasoned issuer” as defined by the rules promulgated under the Securities Act, we are also eligible to file additional automatically effective registration statements on Form S-3 in the future for the potential offering and sale of additional debt and equity securities. From time to time, we raise capital through public offerings pursuant to our registration statements. For example, in February 2025, we completed an offering of $500.0 million of 5.800% Senior Notes due April 2035 for net proceeds of $493.5 million. Credit Facilities, Trusts and Other Collateral Arrangements We also maintain various other arrangements that allow us to access liquidity and satisfy collateral requirements, including revolving credit facilities, letter of credit facilities, and regulatory trusts, as well as other types of trust and collateral arrangements. Regulatory and other requirements to post collateral to support our reinsurance obligations could impact our liquidity. For example, many jurisdictions in the U.S. do not permit insurance companies to take credit for reinsurance obtained from unlicensed or non-admitted insurers on their statutory financial statements unless security is posted, so our contracts generally require us to post a letter of credit or provide other security (such as through a multi-beneficiary reinsurance trust). However, certain of our subsidiaries qualify as certified reinsurers or reciprocal reinsurers in one or more U.S. states, which has, and may continue to, reduce the amount of collateral that we are required to post. In addition, if we were to fail to comply with certain covenants in our debt agreements, we may have to pledge additional collateral. 86 Letter of Credit and Revolving Credit Facilities We and certain of our subsidiaries, joint ventures, and managed funds maintain secured and unsecured revolving credit facilities and letter of credit facilities that provide liquidity and allow us to satisfy certain collateral requirements. The outstanding amounts issued or drawn under each of our significant credit facilities are set forth below: At December 31, 2025 Issued or Drawn (in thousands) Revolving Credit Facility (1) $ —  Medici Revolving Credit Facility (2) —  Bilateral Letter of Credit Facilities Secured 206,515  Unsecured 322,271  $ 528,786  (1)At December 31, 2025, no amounts were issued or drawn under this facility. (2)RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in Medici. Because RenaissanceRe controls all of Medici’s issued voting shares, the financial statements of Medici are included in RenaissanceRe’s consolidated financial statements. On December 18, 2025, the Medici Revolving Credit Facility was terminated. Refer to “Note 9. Debt and Credit Facilities” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information related to our debt and credit facilities. Funds at Lloyd’s As a member of Lloyd’s, the underwriting capacity, or stamp capacity, of Syndicate 1458 is required to be supported by providing a deposit, the FAL, in the form of cash, securities or letters of credit. At December 31, 2025, the FAL required to support the underwriting activities at Lloyd’s through Syndicate 1458 was £577.8 million (2024 - £714.8 million). Actual FAL posted for Syndicate 1458 at December 31, 2025 by RenaissanceRe CCL was $912.0 million (2024 - $952.3 million), supported by a deposit of cash and fixed maturity securities. Multi-Beneficiary Reinsurance Trusts, Multi-Beneficiary Reduced Collateral Reinsurance Trusts Renaissance Reinsurance, DaVinci Reinsurance and RREAG use multi-beneficiary reinsurance trusts and/or multi-beneficiary reduced collateral reinsurance trusts to collateralize reinsurance liabilities. As of December 31, 2025, all of these trusts were funded in accordance with the relevant regulatory thresholds. However, assets held in these trusts have in the past, and may in the future, exceed the amount required under U.S. state regulations. Refer to “Note 18. Statutory Requirements” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information on our multi-beneficiary reinsurance trusts and multi-beneficiary reduced collateral reinsurance trusts. Contractual Obligations In assessing our liquidity requirements and cash needs, we also consider contractual obligations to which we are a party. In certain circumstances, our contractual obligations may be accelerated due to defaults under the agreements governing those obligations (including pursuant to cross-default provisions in such agreements) or in connection with certain changes in control of the Company, for example. In addition, in certain circumstances, in the event of a default these obligations may bear an increased interest rate or be subject to penalties. 87 The table below shows certain of our current and long-term contractual obligations: At December 31, 2025 Total Less Than 1  Year 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than 5 Years (in thousands) Long term debt obligations (1) 7.003% Senior Notes due 2035 (Fontana) (2) $ 168,863  $ 7,003  $ 14,006  $ 14,006  $ 133,848  5.950% Senior Notes due 2035 (DaVinci) (3) 465,856  17,850  35,700  35,700  376,606  5.800% Senior Notes due 2035 768,250  29,000  58,000  58,000  623,250  5.750% Senior Notes due 2033 1,070,443  43,125  86,250  86,250  854,818  3.600% Senior Notes due 2029 447,400  14,400  28,800  404,200  —  3.450% Senior Notes due 2027 315,525  10,350  305,175  —  —  Total long term debt obligations 3,236,337  121,728  527,931  598,156  1,988,522  Investment commitments (4) 3,918,485  3,918,485  —  —  —  Operating lease obligations 168,822  17,619  36,991  34,693  79,519  Capital lease obligations 7,468  2,661  4,807  —  —  Payable for investments purchased 533,101  533,101  —  —  —  Reserve for claims and claim expenses (5) 22,302,345  5,176,696  7,354,355  4,144,359  5,626,935  Total contractual obligations $ 30,166,558  $ 9,770,290  $ 7,924,084  $ 4,777,208  $ 7,694,976  (1)Includes contractual interest payments. (2)RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in its joint venture Fontana. Because RenaissanceRe controls a majority of Fontana’s issued voting shares, the consolidated financial statements of Fontana are included in the consolidated financial statements of RenaissanceRe. RenaissanceRe has not provided any financial or other support to Fontana that it was not contractually required to provide. RenaissanceRe’s financial exposure to Fontana is limited to its investment in Fontana’s shares and counterparty credit risk arising from reinsurance transactions. (3)RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in its joint venture DaVinci. Because RenaissanceRe controls a majority of DaVinci’s issued voting shares, the consolidated financial statements of DaVinci are included in the consolidated financial statements of RenaissanceRe. However, RenaissanceRe does not guarantee or provide credit support for DaVinci and RenaissanceRe’s financial exposure to DaVinci is limited to its investment in DaVinci’s shares and counterparty credit risk arising from reinsurance transactions. (4)The investment commitments do not have a defined contractual commitment date and we have therefore included them in the less than one year category. (5)The amount and timing of the cash flows associated with our policy liabilities are highly uncertain. Refer to “Note 8. Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more information on our estimate of claims and claim expense reserves. Cash Flows Year ended December 31, 2025 2024 (in thousands) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 3,693,107  $ 4,164,822  Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (2,215,809) (3,060,856) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (1,410,503) (1,287,515) Effect of exchange rate changes on foreign currency cash (12,218) (17,365) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 54,577  (200,914) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 1,676,604  1,877,518  Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 1,731,181  $ 1,676,604  2025 During 2025, our cash and cash equivalents increased by $54.6 million compared to December 31, 2024. 88 Cash flows provided by operating activities Cash flows provided by operating activities during 2025 were $3.7 billion and were primarily the result of certain adjustments to reconcile our net income of $3.6 billion to net cash provided by operating activities, including: •an increase in reserve for claims and claim expenses of $1.0 billion, principally due to: –an increase in our Casualty and Specialty segment, largely driven by additional earned premiums, resulting in a corresponding increase in attritional loss reserves; and –a decrease in our Property segment, primarily due to favorable development of prior accident years; •a decrease in reinsurance recoverable of $581.5 million, primarily due to favorable development of prior accident years in the Property segment; partly offset by •net realized and unrealized gains on investments of $1.2 billion, primarily driven by: –$504.0 million of net realized and unrealized gains on fixed maturity-related investments resulting from decreases in market yields in 2025; –$415.5 million of net gains on commodity-related investments, principally gold futures; and –$188.3 million of net realized and unrealized gains on equity-related investments, primarily due to increased exposure to equity futures and favorable price movements through 2025. Cash flows used in investing activities During 2025, our cash flows used in investing activities were $2.2 billion, principally reflecting net purchases of equity investments of $1.6 billion, which were predominantly in fixed income exchange traded funds, net purchases of fixed maturity investments trading of $616.9 million and net purchases of other investments of $464.5 million, partially offset by net settlements of derivatives of $564.3 million. The net purchases of fixed income exchange traded funds, fixed maturity investments trading and other investments were primarily funded by cash flows provided by operating activities. Cash flows used in financing activities Our cash flows used in financing activities in 2025 were $1.4 billion, and were principally the result of: •common share repurchases of $1.6 billion; •net outflows of $116.2 million related to net third-party redeemable noncontrolling interest share and capital transactions in Medici, Fontana and DaVinci; •raising capital of $889.1 million through the issuance of 5.950% Senior Notes due 2035 of DaVinci and 5.800% Senior Notes due 2035 of RenaissanceRe; and partially offset by •repayment of debt of $450.0 million, consisting of $300.0 million of 3.700% Senior Notes due 2025, and $150.0 million of DaVinci Senior Notes. 2024 During 2024, our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $200.9 million, to $1.7 billion at December 31, 2024, compared to $1.9 billion at December 31, 2023. Cash flows provided by operating activities Cash flows provided by operating activities during 2024 were $4.2 billion, compared to $1.9 billion during 2023. Cash flows provided by operating activities during 2024 were primarily the result of certain adjustments to reconcile our net income of $3.0 billion to net cash provided by operating activities, including: •a decrease in reinsurance recoverable of $862.9 million due to prior year favorable development across the 2017 through 2022 accident years, in addition to paid recoveries; •an increase in reserve for claims and claim expenses of $816.6 million, primarily resulting from an increase in reserves in our Casualty and Specialty segment, largely driven by an increase in earned 89 premiums due to the renewal of business acquired in the Validus Acquisition and organic growth, resulting in additional attritional reserves, partially offset by a decrease in reserves in our Property segment primarily due to paid losses and prior year favorable development; partially offset by •a decrease in reinsurance balances payable of $381.8 million, principally driven by the redemption of capital from Upsilon RFO and the timing of payments related to underwriting activity Cash flows used in investing activities During 2024, our cash flows used in investing activities were $3.1 billion, principally reflecting net purchases of fixed maturity investments trading of $2.8 billion and other investments of $358.2 million, partially offset by cash flows from net sales of short term investments of $174.5 million. The net purchases of fixed maturity investments trading and other investments was primarily funded by cash flows provided by operating activities, as described above. Cash flows used in financing activities Our cash flows used in financing activities in 2024 were $1.3 billion, and were principally the result of: •net outflows of $405.8 million, primarily related to net third-party redeemable noncontrolling interest share transactions in DaVinci, Medici and Vermeer; •common share repurchases of $666.9 million; and •repayment of debt of $150.0 million related to the Medici Revolving Credit Facility. Capital Resources We monitor our capital adequacy on a regular basis and seek to adjust our capital according to the needs of our business. In particular, we require capital sufficient to meet or exceed the capital adequacy ratios established by rating agencies for maintenance of appropriate financial strength ratings, the capital adequacy tests performed by regulatory authorities and the capital requirements under our credit facilities. From time to time, rating agencies may make changes in their capital models and rating methodologies, which could increase the amount of capital required to support our ratings. We may seek to raise additional capital or return capital to our shareholders through common share repurchases and cash dividends (or a combination of such methods). In the normal course of our operations, we may from time to time evaluate additional share or debt issuances given prevailing market conditions and capital management strategies, including for our operating subsidiaries, joint ventures and managed funds. In addition, as noted above, we enter into agreements with financial institutions to obtain letter of credit facilities for the benefit of our operating subsidiaries and certain of our joint ventures and managed funds in their reinsurance and insurance business. 90 Our total shareholders’ equity attributable to RenaissanceRe and total debt was as follows: At December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Common shareholders’ equity $ 10,858,657  $ 9,824,012  $ 1,034,645  Preference shares 750,000  750,000  —  Total shareholders’ equity attributable to RenaissanceRe $ 11,608,657  $ 10,574,012  $ 1,034,645  7.003% Senior Notes due 2035 (Fontana) (1) $ 99,224  $ —  $ 99,224  5.950% Senior Notes due 2035 (DaVinci) (2) 296,972  —  296,972  5.800% Senior Notes due 2035 493,770  —  493,770  5.750% Senior Notes due 2033 743,009  742,068  941  3.600% Senior Notes due 2029 396,966  396,051  915  3.450% Senior Notes due 2027 299,260  298,765  495  3.700% Senior Notes due 2025 (3) —  299,908  (299,908) 4.750% Senior Notes due 2025 (DaVinci) (2)(4) —  149,897  (149,897) Total senior notes 2,329,201  1,886,689  442,512  Medici Revolving Credit Facility (5) —  —  —  Total debt $ 2,329,201  $ 1,886,689  $ 442,512  (1)    RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in its joint venture Fontana. Because RenaissanceRe controls a majority of Fontana’s issued voting shares, the consolidated financial statements of Fontana are included in the consolidated financial statements of RenaissanceRe. RenaissanceRe has not provided any financial or other support to Fontana that it was not contractually required to provide. RenaissanceRe’s financial exposure to Fontana is limited to its investment in Fontana’s shares and counterparty credit risk arising from reinsurance transactions. (2)    RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in its joint venture DaVinci. Because RenaissanceRe controls a majority of DaVinci’s issued voting shares, the consolidated financial statements of DaVinci are included in the consolidated financial statements of RenaissanceRe. However, RenaissanceRe does not guarantee or provide credit support for DaVinci and RenaissanceRe’s financial exposure to DaVinci is limited to its investment in DaVinci’s shares and counterparty credit risk arising from reinsurance transactions. (3)     The 3.700% Senior Notes due 2025 were repaid in full at maturity on April 1, 2025. (4)    The 4.750% Senior Notes due 2025 (DaVinci) were repaid in full at maturity on May 1, 2025. (5)    RenaissanceRe owns a noncontrolling economic interest in Medici. Because RenaissanceRe controls all of Medici’s issued voting shares, the financial statements of Medici are included in RenaissanceRe’s consolidated financial statements. On December 18, 2025, the Medici Revolving Credit Facility was terminated. Our total shareholders’ equity attributable to RenaissanceRe increased $1.0 billion during 2025 principally as a result of: •our comprehensive income attributable to RenaissanceRe of $2.7 billion; partially offset by •the repurchase of our common shares at an aggregate cost of $1.6 billion; and •$74.8 million of dividends on our common shares and $35.4 million of dividends on our preference shares. For additional information related to the terms of our debt and significant credit facilities, see “Note 9. Debt and Credit Facilities” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.” See “Note 12. Shareholders’ Equity” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information related to our common and preference shares. Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses We believe the most significant accounting judgment made by management is our estimate of claims and claim expense reserves. Claims and claim expense reserves represent estimates, including actuarial and statistical projections at a given point in time, of the ultimate settlement and administration costs for unpaid claims and claim expenses arising from the insurance and reinsurance contracts we sell. Our actual net 91 claims and claim expenses paid will differ, perhaps materially, from the estimates reflected in our financial statements, which may adversely impact our financial condition, liquidity and capital resources. Refer to “Note 8. Reserve for Claims and Claim Expenses” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for more information on the risks we insure and reinsure, the reserving techniques, assumptions and processes we follow to estimate our claims and claim expense reserves, prior year development of the reserve for claims and claim expenses, analysis of our incurred and paid claims development and claims duration information for each of our Property and Casualty and Specialty segments. In addition, refer to “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates—Claims and Claim Expense Reserves” for more information on the reserving techniques, assumptions and processes we follow to estimate our claims and claim expense reserves, our actual results versus our initial estimates of our claims reserves, and sensitivity analysis for each of our Property and Casualty and Specialty segments. Investments The table below shows our invested assets: At December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands, except percentages) U.S. treasuries $ 10,641,503  29.7  % $ 11,001,893  33.7  % $ (360,390) Corporate 8,528,828  23.6  % 7,862,423  24.1  % 666,405  Residential mortgage-backed 2,606,882  7.2  % 1,707,056  5.2  % 899,826  Asset-backed 1,606,790  4.5  % 1,422,393  4.4  % 184,397  Non-U.S. government 691,912  1.9  % 618,809  1.9  % 73,103  Agencies 486,817  1.3  % 623,489  1.9  % (136,672) Commercial mortgage-backed 321,591  0.9  % 326,451  1.0  % (4,860) Total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value 24,884,323  69.1  % 23,562,514  72.2  % 1,321,809  Short term investments, at fair value 4,759,811  13.2  % 4,531,655  13.9  % 228,156  Fixed income exchange traded funds 1,582,811  4.4  % —  —  % 1,582,811  Common stock (1) 150,179  0.4  % 117,756  0.4  % 32,423  Total equity investments, at fair value 1,732,990  4.8  % 117,756  0.4  % 1,615,234  Fund investments 2,775,499  7.6  % 2,128,499  6.5  % 647,000  Catastrophe bonds 1,613,710  4.5  % 1,984,396  6.1  % (370,686) Direct private equity investments 185,005  0.5  % 211,866  0.6  % (26,861) Total other investments, at fair value 4,574,214  12.6  % 4,324,761  13.2  % 249,453  Investments in other ventures, under equity method 121,871  0.3  % 102,770  0.3  % 19,101  Total investments $ 36,073,209  100.0  % $ 32,639,456  100.0  % $ 3,433,753  (1)In 2025, we revised the description of our “other equity investments” to “common stock.” We structure our investment portfolio to emphasize the preservation of capital and the availability of liquidity to meet our claims obligations, to be well diversified across market sectors, and to generate relatively attractive returns on a risk-adjusted basis over time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, our investments are subject to market-wide risks and fluctuations, as well as to risks inherent in particular securities. Refer to “Note 5. Investments” and “Note 6. Fair Value Measurements” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our investments and the related fair value measurement. As the reinsurance coverages we sell include substantial protection for damages resulting from natural and man-made catastrophes, as well as for potentially large casualty and specialty exposures, we expect, from time to time, to become liable for substantial claim payments on short notice. Accordingly, our investment portfolio as a whole is structured to seek to preserve capital and provide a high level of liquidity, which means that the large majority of our investments are highly rated fixed income securities, including U.S. treasuries, agencies, highly rated sovereign and supranational securities, high-grade corporate securities 92 and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. We also have an allocation to publicly traded equities reflected on our consolidated balance sheet as equity investments and an allocation to other investments (including catastrophe bonds, fund investments and direct private equity investments). Weighted Average Effective Yield and Credit Rating The following table summarizes the composition of our investment portfolio, including the fair value and credit ratings. (in thousands, except percentages) Credit Rating (1) December 31, 2025 Fair Value AAA AA A BBB Non- Investment Grade Not Rated Investments Not Subject to Credit Ratings Fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value U.S. treasuries $ 10,641,503  $ —  $ 10,641,503  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  Corporate 8,528,828  167,093  274,849  3,387,274  3,589,630  1,088,759  21,223  —  Residential mortgage-backed 2,606,882  142,869  2,334,421  1,680  3,445  64,256  60,211  —  Asset-backed 1,606,790  1,206,744  198,911  127,934  63,251  —  9,950  —  Non-U.S. government 691,912  411,169  202,832  75,187  2,724  —  —  —  Agencies 486,817  —  486,380  —  —  437  —  —  Commercial mortgage-backed 321,591  265,933  54,348  1,235  —  —  75  —  Total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value 24,884,323  2,193,808  14,193,244  3,593,310  3,659,050  1,153,452  91,459  —  Short term investments, at fair value 4,759,811  3,473,376  1,265,466  7,433  13,058  468  10  —  Equity investments, at fair value Fixed income exchange traded funds (2) 1,582,811  —  366,828  230,276  —  985,707  —  —  Common stock (3) 150,179  —  —  —  —  —  —  150,179  Total equity investments, at fair value 1,732,990  —  366,828  230,276  —  985,707  —  150,179  Other investments, at fair value Catastrophe bonds 1,613,710  —  —  —  —  1,613,710  —  —  Fund investments: Private credit funds 1,445,158  —  —  —  —  —  —  1,445,158  Private equity funds 701,837  —  —  —  —  —  —  701,837  Hedge funds 473,990  —  —  —  —  —  —  473,990  Insurance-linked securities funds 154,514  —  —  —  —  —  —  154,514  Direct private equity investments 185,005  —  —  —  —  —  —  185,005  Total other investments, at fair value 4,574,214  —  —  —  —  1,613,710  —  2,960,504  Investments in other ventures, under equity method 121,871  —  —  —  —  —  —  121,871  Total investments $ 36,073,209  $ 5,667,184  $ 15,825,538  $ 3,831,019  $ 3,672,108  $ 3,753,337  $ 91,469  $ 3,232,554  100.0  % 15.6  % 43.9  % 10.6  % 10.2  % 10.4  % 0.3  % 9.0  % (1)The credit ratings included in this table are those assigned by Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”). When ratings provided by S&P were not available, ratings from other recognized rating agencies were used. We have grouped short term investments with an A-1+ and A-1 short term issue credit rating as AAA, short term investments with an A-2 short term issue credit rating as AA and short term investments with an A-3 short term issue credit rating as A. (2)The fixed income exchange traded funds credit ratings included in this table are based on the weighted average credit rating of the underlying investments held by the exchange traded fund. (3)In 2025, we revised the description of our “other equity investments” to “common stock.” Fixed Maturity Investments and Short Term Investments At December 31, 2025, our fixed maturity investments and short term investment portfolio had a weighted average credit quality rating of AA (2024 - AA) and a weighted average effective yield of 4.2% (2024 - 4.9%). At December 31, 2025, our non-investment grade and not-rated fixed maturity investments totaled $1.2 billion or 5.0% of our fixed maturity investments (2024 - $1.5 billion or 6.4%, respectively). In addition, within our other investments category we have funds that invest in non-investment grade and not-rated fixed income securities and non-investment grade cat-linked securities. At December 31, 2025, the funds 93 that invest in non-investment grade and not-rated fixed income securities and non-investment grade cat-linked securities totaled $3.2 billion (2024 - $3.2 billion). At December 31, 2025, we had $4.8 billion of short term investments (2024 - $4.5 billion). Short term investments are managed as part of our investment portfolio and have a maturity of one year or less when purchased. Short term investments are carried at fair value. The duration of our fixed maturity investments and short term investments at December 31, 2025 was 2.8 years (2024 - 3.1 years). From time to time, we may reevaluate the duration of our portfolio in light of the duration of our liabilities and market conditions. The value of our fixed maturity investments will fluctuate with changes in the interest rate environment and when changes occur in economic conditions or the investment markets. Additionally, our differing asset classes expose us to other risks which could cause a reduction in the value of our investments. Equity Investments The following table summarizes the fair value of equity investments: At December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Fixed income exchange traded funds $ 1,582,811  $ —  $ 1,582,811  Common stock (1) Financials 147,996  116,400  31,596  Other 2,183  1,356  827  Total common stock 150,179  117,756  32,423  Total equity investments $ 1,732,990  $ 117,756  $ 1,615,234  (1)In 2025, we revised our presentation of equity investments to present all individual equity holdings as common stock. Comparative information for the prior periods presented have been updated to conform to the current presentation. Our equity investments includes fixed income exchange traded funds and common stocks. Our fixed income exchange traded funds each invest into a combination of treasuries, corporate bonds or asset-backed and mortgage-backed fixed maturity investments. The value of our fixed income exchange traded funds will fluctuate with changes in the interest rate environment, credit risk and when changes occur in economic conditions or the investment markets. Common stocks are managed pursuant to diversified public equity securities mandates with third-party investment managers and also includes more concentrated public equity positions that we invest in through our strategic investment portfolio. These investments are subject to a variety of risks including: company performance, the availability of strategic investment opportunities, and macro-economic, industry, and systemic risks of the equity markets overall. Consequently, the carrying value of our investment portfolio will vary over time as the value or size of our portfolio of strategic investments in marketable equity securities fluctuates. It is possible we will increase our equity allocation in the future, and it could, from time to time, have a material effect on our financial results. 94 Other Investments The table below shows our portfolio of other investments:  At December 31, 2025 2024 Change (in thousands) Fund investments Private credit funds $ 1,445,158  $ 1,181,146  $ 264,012  Private equity funds 701,837  609,105  92,732  Hedge funds 473,990  338,248  135,742  Insurance-linked securities funds 154,514  —  154,514  Total fund investments 2,775,499  2,128,499  647,000  Catastrophe bonds 1,613,710  1,984,396  (370,686) Direct private equity investments 185,005  211,866  (26,861) Total other investments $ 4,574,214  $ 4,324,761  $ 249,453  Refer to “Note 5. Investments” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our portfolio of other investments. Investments in Other Ventures, under Equity Method The table below shows our investments in other ventures, under equity method:  At December 31, 2025 2024 (in thousands, except percentages) Capital Invested Ownership % Carrying Value Capital Invested Ownership % Carrying Value Investments in other ventures, under equity method $ 206,142  0.1% - 50.0% $ 121,871  $ 205,373  0.1% - 50.0% $ 102,770  The realized value we ultimately attain for our investments in other ventures, under equity method will likely differ from the carrying value, perhaps materially. Ratings Financial strength ratings are important to the competitive position of reinsurance and insurance companies. We have received high financial strength ratings from A.M. Best, S&P, Moody’s and Fitch. These ratings represent independent opinions of an insurer’s financial strength, operating performance and ability to meet policyholder obligations, and are not an evaluation directed toward the protection of investors or a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any of our securities. Certain of our entities and the senior notes and preference shares issued by them also have credit ratings. Rating organizations continually review the financial positions of our principal operating subsidiaries and joint ventures and ratings may be revised or revoked by the agencies which issue them. Additionally, rating organizations may change their capital models and rating methodologies, which could have a material impact on our ratings and business. In addition, A.M. Best assesses and scores companies’ ERM practices, which is an opinion on the many critical dimensions of risk that determine overall creditworthiness. RenaissanceRe has been assigned an ERM score of “Very Strong,” which is the highest ERM score assigned. 95 The financial strength ratings of our principal operating subsidiaries and joint ventures and the ERM score of RenaissanceRe as of February 6, 2026 are presented below. A.M. Best (1) S&P (2) Moody’s (3) Fitch (4) Renaissance Reinsurance Ltd. A+ A+ A1 A+ DaVinci Reinsurance Ltd. A A+ A2 — Fontana Holdings L.P. A — — — Renaissance Reinsurance of Europe DAC A+ A+ — — Renaissance Reinsurance U.S. Inc. A+ A+ — — RenaissanceRe Europe AG A+ A+ — — RenaissanceRe Specialty U.S. Ltd. A+ A+ — — Top Layer Reinsurance Ltd. A+ AA — — Vermeer Reinsurance Ltd. A — — — RenaissanceRe Syndicate 1458 — — — — Lloyd’s Overall Market Rating A+ AA- — AA- RenaissanceRe ERM Score Very Strong — — — (1)    The A.M. Best ratings for our principal operating subsidiaries and joint ventures represent the insurer’s financial strength rating. The Lloyd’s Overall Market Rating represents RenaissanceRe Syndicate 1458’s financial strength rating. RenaissanceRe has been assigned a “Very Strong” ERM score by A.M. Best. (2)    The S&P ratings for our principal operating subsidiaries and joint ventures represent the insurer’s financial strength rating. The Lloyd’s Overall Market Rating represents RenaissanceRe Syndicate 1458’s financial strength rating. (3)    The Moody’s ratings represent the insurer’s financial strength rating. (4)    The Fitch rating for Renaissance Reinsurance represents the insurer’s financial strength rating. The Lloyd’s Overall Market Rating represents RenaissanceRe Syndicate 1458’s financial strength rating. A.M. Best On October 2, 2025, A.M. Best revised the outlooks to positive from stable for the long-term issuer credit ratings of RenaissanceRe’s principal operating subsidiaries and joint ventures rated by A.M. Best. The outlook for all of our A.M. Best financial strength ratings is stable. “A+” is the second highest designation of A.M. Best’s rating levels. “A+” rated insurance companies are defined as “Superior” companies and are considered by A.M. Best to have a very strong ability to meet their obligations to policyholders. “A” is the third highest designation assigned by A.M. Best, representing A.M. Best’s opinion that the insurer has an “Excellent” ability to meet its ongoing obligations to policyholders. S&P The outlook for all of our S&P ratings is positive. The “A” range (“A+,” “A,” “A-”), which is the third highest rating assigned by S&P, indicates that S&P believes the insurers have strong capacity to meet their respective financial commitments but they are somewhat more susceptible to adverse effects or changes in circumstances and economic conditions than insurers rated higher. Moody’s The outlook for all of our Moody’s ratings is stable. Moody’s Insurance Financial Strength Ratings represent its opinions of the ability of insurance companies to pay punctually policyholder claims and obligations and senior unsecured debt instruments. Moody’s believes that insurance companies rated “A1” and “A2” offer good financial security. Fitch The outlook for all of our Fitch ratings is stable. Fitch believes that insurance companies rated “A+” have “Strong” capacity to meet policyholders and contract obligations on a timely basis with a low expectation of 96 ceased or interrupted payments. Insurers rated “AA-” by Fitch are believed to have a very low expectation of ceased or interrupted payments and very strong capital to meet policyholder obligations. Lloyd’s Overall Market Rating A.M. Best, S&P and Fitch have each assigned a financial strength rating to the Lloyd’s overall market. The financial risks to policyholders of syndicates within the Lloyd’s market are partially mutualized through the Lloyd’s Central Fund, to which all underwriting members contribute. Because of the presence of the Lloyd’s Central Fund, and the current legal and regulatory structure of the Lloyd’s market, financial strength ratings on individual syndicates would not be particularly meaningful and in any event would not be lower than the financial strength rating of the Lloyd’s overall market. SUPPLEMENTAL GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION RenaissanceRe Finance, a 100% owned subsidiary of RenaissanceRe, issued certain 3.700% Senior Notes due 2025 and 3.450% Senior Notes due 2027. On April 1, 2025, RenaissanceRe Finance repaid in full at maturity the aggregate principal amount of $300.0 million, plus applicable accrued interest, of its 3.700% Senior Notes due 2025. Each series of notes is or was fully and unconditionally guaranteed by RenaissanceRe. The guarantees are or were senior unsecured obligations of RenaissanceRe ranking equally in right of payment with all other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of RenaissanceRe, which may be outstanding from time to time. Each series of notes has or had various covenants, including limitations on mergers and consolidations, and restrictions as to the disposition of, and the placing of liens on, stock of designated subsidiaries. For additional information related to the terms of our debt securities, see “Note 9. Debt and Credit Facilities” in our “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.” 97 The following tables present supplemental summarized financial information for RenaissanceRe and RenaissanceRe Finance, collectively the “Obligor Group.” Intercompany transactions among the members of the Obligor Group have been eliminated. The financial information of non-obligor subsidiaries has been excluded from the summarized financial information. In addition, assets as detailed in the table below exclude investments in subsidiaries for the Obligor Group. Significant intercompany transactions and receivable/payable balances between the Obligor Group and non-obligor subsidiaries are presented separately in the summarized financial information: Summarized Balance Sheets At December 31, 2025 (in thousands) Assets Receivables due from non-obligor subsidiaries $ 1,895,861  Other current assets 353,962  Total current assets $ 2,249,823  Goodwill and other intangible assets $ 97,332  Loan receivable from non-obligor subsidiaries 743,433  Other noncurrent assets 29,223  Total noncurrent assets $ 869,988  Liabilities Payables due to non-obligor subsidiaries $ 24,829  Other current liabilities 84,194  Total current liabilities $ 109,023  Loan payable to non-obligor subsidiaries $ 625,380  Other noncurrent liabilities 2,035,158  Total noncurrent liabilities $ 2,660,538  Summarized Statement of Operations Year ended December 31, 2025 (in thousands) Revenues  Intercompany revenue with non-obligor subsidiaries $ 205,778   Other revenue 57,053  Total revenues 262,831  Expenses  Intercompany expense with non-obligor subsidiaries 103,468   Other expense 141,452  Total expenses 244,920  Income tax benefit (expense) 10,201  Net income (loss) 28,112  Dividends on RenaissanceRe preference shares (35,375) Net income (loss) attributable to Obligor Group $ (7,263) 98 CURRENT OUTLOOK Over the past few years, we have grown RenaissanceRe into a company that is significantly more diversified – geographically, by line of business, and by source of income and capital. We have diversified our sources of capital through various owned and managed balance sheets as well as equity, debt and insurance-linked securities markets. We are unique among our peers in that we have both owned and managed, and rated and fronted, vehicles across the risks that we write. Our three drivers of profit put us in a differentiated position to absorb losses while still providing efficient capacity to our customers and producing strong returns for our shareholders. We believe that we are in a strong capital position, which provides us with the flexibility and opportunity to deploy capital into the business while actively repurchasing shares when at attractive valuations. When possible, our preference is to deploy any excess capital into profitable business opportunities before returning excess capital to shareholders. Over the past several quarters, we have returned significant capital through share repurchases at what we believe to be attractive valuations. In 2025, our focus was on building on the successful integration of Validus in 2024 with an emphasis on maintaining our underwriting portfolio and optimizing our operations. We achieved our goals by focusing on enhancing our access to risk, maintaining our best in class underwriting capabilities, focusing on preserving underwriting margin, and continuing to grow our investment income and fee income generating business. Looking ahead to 2026, we intend to take a similar disciplined approach while also continuing to execute our gross-to-net strategy. In addition, we are continuing to enhance our technology infrastructure and underwriting systems to enable us to better take advantage of future opportunities, including potential applications of artificial intelligence, as they arise. Reinsurance Market Trends and Developments We believe we have created significant opportunities to source attractive risk in the lines of business that we write, and that such opportunities will result in superior returns for our shareholders. We are in a period of heightened macroeconomic volatility, and we believe that it is in times of uncertainty when RenaissanceRe’s expertise, partnership-approach and coordination across teams differentiates us as a reinsurance leader. We are uniquely positioned to write a variety of risks, leveraging our enhanced risk and capital management technology and underwriting expertise to cover multiple lines of business. In particular, we have invested heavily to understand the influence of climate change on the weather and its impact on the risks that we take. We believe that our RenaissanceRe Risk Sciences team gives us an advantage in properly reflecting the evolving phenomenon of climate change in our models compared to commercially available models. Since the step change in reinsurance pricing in 2023, we believe that the market has appropriately balanced risk between insurers and reinsurers. That said, in the current market, not all risks are equally attractive, and returns can vary significantly between classes of business and deals within each class. This provides attractive opportunities for underwriters with strong access to risk. Our success in 2025 was predicated on the application of our deep underwriting expertise to differentiate the best deals, and our strong customer value proposition to maintain our position as a consistent incumbent. At the January 1, 2026 renewals, we had two goals: (i) to deliver our market-leading value proposition to clients and brokers; and (ii) to construct the optimal underwriting portfolio to support our three drivers of profit and generate strong returns over the course of the cycle. We believe that we achieved both of these goals. Recent favorable reinsurance market results have increased competition and supply of reinsurance capacity, which has put some pressure on rates and margins. However, we remain confident in rate adequacy across our underwriting portfolio and in our belief that, relative to dynamics over the past 15 years, the market remains favorable. General Economic Conditions We think that the stresses in the global economy will continue, and could grow, and that this may result in increased market volatility. Global events and geopolitical instability have contributed to increased economic inflation over the past few years compared to recent historical norms. We consider the anticipated effects of inflation, including social, economic, and event-driven effects, in our loss models, on our investment portfolio, and generally in the running of our business, and actively monitor trends in these areas. To the extent that tariffs or inflation exacerbate demand surge, we believe we have the tools to appropriately price 99 for that scenario. Central bank policy and changes to interest rates may also increase the risk of inflationary pressure. The effects of interest rate trends on our reinsurance and insurance business could be magnified for longer-tail business lines that are more inflation-sensitive, particularly in our Casualty and Specialty segment. As a reinsurer, we are paid to assume volatility, and are intentionally designed to withstand it. The largest risks that we protect against, such as hurricanes, wildfires and earthquakes, do not correlate to financial cycles and need to be protected against in good or bad economic times. Due to these factors, we believe that our Company is generally “anti-correlated” to the current macroeconomic environment. Notwithstanding the many uncertainties and challenges that lie ahead, we believe that our track record of responding to industry events, differentiated risk management and client service capabilities, coupled with access to diverse sources of both capital and risk continue to position us favorably in the current environment. Tax Updates The Bermuda CIT became effective on January 1, 2025. Therefore, our profits generated on or after January 1, 2025 in Bermuda (except for profits generated by our joint ventures and managed funds) are subject to a 15% corporate income tax. Furthermore, the profits generated in Bermuda on or after January 1, 2025 by our consolidated joint ventures and managed funds, except to the extent those profits are attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests, are generally taxed at 15% as a result of the enactment of Pillar II Rules by many of the jurisdictions in which we operate. The Bermuda government also introduced substance-based tax credits designed to encourage investment in Bermuda. Due to our significant presence in Bermuda, these tax credits benefited us in 2025, and we expect that they will continue to benefit us in future periods. Overall, these changes have impacted our results, and are expected to impact our results in the future. We believe that the flexible global operating model that we have utilized will continue to prove resilient. Three Drivers of Profit We had strong overall performance in 2025, and all three drivers of profit performed well and contributed meaningfully to our results. We believe that having three distinct sources of income allows us to maintain profitability throughout a wide range of market outcomes and makes us more resilient to catastrophe activity. The benefit of this approach is evident in our results this year, as we were able to absorb one of the largest catastrophe losses in history with the California Wildfires in the first quarter and still generate stable earnings for the year. Ultimately, strong underwriting underpins our three drivers of profit, because each driver is ultimately fueled by our underwriting portfolio. Typically, our Property segment contributes primarily to underwriting and fee income, and our Casualty and Specialty segment to investment and fee income. This construction is by design, and we believe that it is the optimal way to generate returns in the current market. Underwriting is the core of our business and provides significant upside to the earnings base from fees and investments. Underwriting Income Through disciplined underwriting, we aim to manage the cycle and allocate our capital to the business that will generate the best returns. Portfolio construction is a continuous process, and we believe that we have constructed a large and profitable underwriting portfolio that has been bolstered by our ability to participate broadly across our clients’ portfolios. We aim to be a provider of first choice and a trusted partner to our customers to help them manage their risk across portfolios and market cycles. Each of our reportable segments has a different risk and volatility profile, which we believe contributes in distinct and important ways to our three drivers of profit, and in particular our underwriting income. The Property segment is inherently more volatile, but also provides meaningful underwriting income in lower catastrophe quarters as well as strong fee income from third-party capital. The Casualty and Specialty segment generally provides a more stable underwriting result over-time, along with significant investment income stemming from capital invested on longer tail risk in certain lines of business. These segments also provide us with diversification across our loss reserves and the tail of our risks, which allows us to better manage changes in loss trends, whether favorable or adverse, across our underwriting portfolio. We believe that our larger size and greater diversification has allowed us to deliver strong financial results even as the underwriting market is facing headwinds, including the impact of large loss events, lower interest rates and softening rates in some classes. We have created a large, well-diversified combined 100 portfolio with deep partnerships with brokers and clients. We continue to remain focused on capturing attractive opportunities as they arise, while exercising discipline to effectively shape our portfolio to maintain desired lines. Generally, we grew our property catastrophe exposure, held profitable positions in other property, specialty and credit, and reduced our exposure to casualty lines most exposed to social inflation. In 2026, we intend to continue to prioritize margin over growth. We prefer top-line growth when it makes sense, but reinsurance is a risk business where it is more important to know when and where to grow the business to be able to deliver results for our shareholders over the long term. Property With the global impact of climate-related risks, including climate change, we expect the frequency and severity of perils such as drought, flood, rain, hail and wildfire to continue at the elevated levels we have seen in recent years. We believe that the increase in severe weather, coupled with currently projected demographic trends in catastrophe-exposed regions, contributes to factors that will increase the average economic value of expected losses, increase the number of people exposed per year to natural disasters and, in general, exacerbate disaster risk. The impact from these factors was apparent in the California Wildfires. However, we think that the underwriting changes that we have made, including requiring higher rates and attachment points, has optimized the portfolio and positioned us so that this catastrophe activity will have a smaller impact on our financial results than it otherwise may have. Throughout 2025, we grew into an attractive property catastrophe market where we believe that we deployed leading capacity at rates and terms that outperformed the broader market. Our strong capital position provided us with the flexibility to move quickly to offer capacity to our partners at attractive rates. At the same time, we supported our customers in one of the largest industry losses in history, the California Wildfires. At the January 1, 2026 renewals, our aim was to maintain our existing portfolio and selectively deploy capacity in property catastrophe, and to optimize other property to reduce peak exposure and maintain attractive margin. Following several years of favorable reinsurance market results, reinsurance supply has increased, which put downward pressure on rates. Terms and conditions remained largely stable and attractive. In property catastrophe, we successfully retained and wrote desired lines. In other property, we maintained our positions while reducing in areas with the most pressure on rates. Our gross to net strategy is another differentiator which we believe will support sustained attractive returns. We generally retain approximately half of our assumed property catastrophe premiums while sharing a portion with our third-party capital partner balance sheets, and earning fee income in exchange. Fee income is less sensitive to rate movements, and reduces the overall volatility of our returns. Casualty and Specialty Part of fulfilling our vision of being the best underwriter is knowing when to grow our portfolio and when to exercise discipline. Each line of business in the Casualty and Specialty segment is at a different point in the cycle and we continually manage our participation to achieve the best portfolio mix and balance of risk and reward. Our prior work building strong relationships with key customers has allowed us to gain superior access to desirable business. We have focused our growth in attractive areas while reducing on deals that do not meet our return hurdles. The Casualty and Specialty segment is strategically important to our vision of being the best underwriter as it allows us to trade with clients across classes and access the most attractive lines across property, casualty and specialty while also generating substantial float in an attractive interest rate environment. Across our Casualty and Specialty segment, we have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, movements up or down across different lines of business over time. This is the nature of the business and part of managing a diversified underwriting book. Over the course of the year, we continued to shape our casualty portfolio, reducing our exposure in select lines this year, such as in general casualty and professional liability. We did this in a way that was sensitive to the needs of our customers, while maintaining strategic flexibility. Our portfolio management and robust reserving process has provided us with overall stability in the Casualty and Specialty segment, allowing the segment to remain a substantial contributor to our financial results, primarily through the investment income that we generate from the segment’s reserves. This diversification has also been beneficial when certain classes of business or underwriting years have experienced increasing loss trends and required more 101 reserves. We believe that we have a prudent reserving process for our Casualty and Specialty segment and remain confident in our reserves. At the January 1, 2026 renewals, our aim was to maintain our strong leadership across specialty, increase our market share in credit, and to continue manage our exposure to areas most at risk of continued loss inflation in casualty. We believe that we succeeded in this regard. We typically manage our casualty business over a 10-year cycle. Over this cycle, we expect there to be shifts between the generation of underwriting and investments results in this business – currently, the balance is skewed toward investment returns. This 10-year cycle is also the perspective from which we manage our exposure. We have been closely monitoring casualty loss trends, and our longstanding approach is to recognize increasing trends early. We are reflecting our insights in our reserving process to proactively stay ahead of trend and inform portfolio shaping decisions. In our general casualty class specifically, we have been closely monitoring trends in general liability where inflation and claims severity have been increasing. While rates in general liability have increased and we believe this remains ahead of trend, we intend to continue to take a conservative approach and have reduced our general liability exposure over the last year. During the last year we have worked closely with our clients with a partnership lens, and have observed meaningful progress in their efforts to address social inflation trends, aiding us in structuring our lines to create the optimal portfolio for the next cycle. Fee Income We take a differentiated approach to our Capital Partners unit, with a focus on first sourcing the risks that we intend to write, and then matching them with the appropriate third-party capital. This business improves our offerings to customers, enhances our ability to optimize our portfolios, and generates attractive fees for doing so. Over the past several years, this has been a growing, strong and consistent contributor to our financial results. We earn fee income in exchange for sharing risk with our third-party capital partners, and while we share underwriting income during profitable periods, we also share underwriting losses. We view fee income as a growing and sustainable driver of profit that we expect will continue to generate low-volatility management fee income. However, fees may be impacted by large losses, such as those experienced during the first quarter, which can potentially result in reduced management fees, no performance fees or the reversal of previously accrued performance fees. The fee income that we earn is recorded in multiple line items in our financial statements, refer to “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for additional information on its impact, including for the proportion that is not included in underwriting income (loss). Investment Income We structure our investment portfolio to emphasize the preservation of capital and the availability of liquidity to meet our claims obligations, to be well diversified across market sectors, and to generate relatively attractive returns on a risk-adjusted basis over time. Our investment portfolio is intended to complement our underwriting portfolio, and as we have grown and diversified our underwriting business, we have also grown our investment portfolio and have greater flexibility around duration and asset mix to further shape our portfolio. Generally, we view investment income as being relatively less volatile and a diversifying source of income, and as we have increased the contribution of investment income through the increase in the size of our investment portfolio and an evolution in asset mix, it helps to reduce the overall volatility of our operating earnings. See the “Risk Factors” section in our Form 10-K for additional information on factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K and other documents we file with the SEC. 102