AVITA Medical, Inc. (RCEL) FY 2023 MD&A

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONS AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Objective

The purpose of this Management's Discussion and Analysis is to better allow our investors to understand and view our company from management's perspective. We are providing an overview of our business and strategy including a discussion of our financial condition and results of operations. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the years-ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report.

Overview

AVITA Medical is a commercial-stage regenerative medicine company transforming the standard of care for skin restoration with innovative devices and autologous cellular therapies. At the forefront of our portfolio is our patented and proprietary RECELL® System, approved by the United States Food & Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the treatment of thermal burn wounds and full-thickness skin defects, and for repigmentation of stable depigmented vitiligo lesions. RECELL harnesses the regenerative properties of a patient’s own skin to create an autologous skin cell suspension, Spray-On Skin™ Cells, delivering a transformative solution at the point of care. This breakthrough technology serves as the catalyst for a new treatment paradigm enabling improved clinical outcomes.

Our objective is to become the leading provider of regenerative medicine addressing unmet medical needs in burn injuries, full-thickness skin defects, and in skin repigmentation, such as vitiligo. To achieve this objective, we plan to:

•
Become the standard of care in the U.S. burns industry by increasing RECELL System penetration in burn centers

•
Continue to commercialize the RECELL System in the U.S. for treatment of full-thickness skin defects

•
Expand our global presence within the European Union and Australia through the exclusive use of third-party distributors.

•
Launch RECELL GO following FDA approval to increase market adoption, expand our customer base, and facilitate international commercialization

•
Establish commercial payor coverage for the RECELL System in the U.S. for the repigmentation of stable depigmented vitiligo lesions, which we expect will begin during the fourth quarter of 2025

•
Further invest in our RECELL System platform to automate and improve workflow, speed, and ease of use as it relates to specific indications, as well as to build upon our intellectual property estate

•
Continue to build upon commercial activities in Japan through our partnership with COSMOTEC Company, Ltd with our current PMDA approval for RECELL with an indication in burns

•
Develop and pursue viable commercial activities outside of the U.S. and Japan following the FDA approvals of the RECELL System for full-thickness skin defects and repigmentation of stable depigmented vitiligo lesions

•
Pursue business development opportunities that are complementary to our core RECELL System indications and/or our targeted markets

•
Improve our margins and profitability by leveraging our current team and infrastructure across an expanding base of business in burns and in future indications

•
With the successful execution of the exclusive distribution agreement with Stedical Scientific, Inc., we will begin distribution of the PermeaDerm® Biosynthetic Wound Matrix in the United States using our existing sales force. Refer to Note 20 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for further details

Business Environment and Current Trends

Changes in reimbursement rates by third party payors may place additional financial pressure on hospitals and the broader healthcare system. Healthcare institutions may take actions to mitigate any persistent pressures on their budgets and such actions could impact the future demand for our products. Geopolitical conditions may also impact our operations. Although we do not have operations in Russia, Ukraine or in the Middle East, the continuation of the Russia-Ukraine military conflict and the conflict in the Middle East, and potential escalation of the conflicts beyond their current scope may further weaken the global economy and could result in additional inflationary pressures and supply chain constraints.

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Results of Operations

Year-Ended December 31, 2023, compared to the Year-Ended December 31, 2022

The table below summarizes the results of our operations for each of the periods presented (in thousands).

*nm = not meaningful

Total net revenues increased by 46%, or $15.7 million, to $50.1 million, compared to $34.4 million in the year-ended December 31, 2022. Our commercial revenue, which excludes BARDA revenue, was $49.8 million for the year-ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $15.8 million, or 46%, compared to $34 million in the year-ended December 31, 2022. The growth in commercial revenues was largely driven by deeper penetration within individual customer accounts and the full-thickness skin defects launch along with the commencement of commercial sales with our partner COSMOTEC in Japan.

Gross profit margin increased by 2% to 84.5% compared to 82.4% in the year-ended December 31, 2022. The increase in gross profit margin is largely driven by higher production along with lower shipping costs.

BARDA income consisted of funding from BARDA, under the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, under ongoing USG Contract No. HHSO100201500028C. BARDA income decreased 56% or $1.8 million to $1.4 million, compared to $3.2 million in the year-ended December 31, 2022, due to reimbursable clinical trials winding down.

Total operating expenses increased by 46% or $27.3 million to $86.4 million, compared with $59.1 million in the year-ended December 31, 2022.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by 70%, or $15.4 million, to $37.3 million, compared to $21.9 million incurred in the year-ended December 31, 2022. Higher costs in the current year were primarily attributed to higher salaries and benefits, commissions, recruitment fees and travel costs. The increase in salaries and benefits and recruitment fees are due to the preparation of the commercial launch of full-thickness skin defects in June 2023. Higher commissions and travel costs were directly associated with the increase in revenues.

General and administrative expenses increased by 21%, or $5.0 million, to $28.3 million, compared to $23.3 million incurred in the year-ended December 31, 2022. The increase was attributable to salaries and benefits, deferred compensation expense, stock-based compensation, and severance costs. Higher salary and benefits are driven by the increase in headcount. The increase in deferred compensation expense is driven by our deferred compensation liability which generally tracks the movements in the stock market. Severance costs in the current year were due to the termination of three former executive officers, partially offset by the termination of a former executive officer in the prior year.

Research and development expenses increased by 50%, or $6.9 million, to $20.8 million, compared to $13.9 million incurred in the year-ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher clinical trial costs associated with the TONE study as well as other research and development costs associated with furthering our pipeline, and the development of the next generation

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RECELL GO for preparation of Spray-On Skin Cells, which resulted in a PMA submission in June 2023. We also had increased expenses associated with building out a team of Medical Science Liaisons in support of the new full-thickness skin defects indication.

Interest expense increased by $1.1 million due to the new Credit Agreement entered into with OrbiMed Advisors, LLC on October 18, 2023.

Other income, net increased by $7.6 million in the current year primarily due to an increase of $2.1 million in income from our investment activities, wind down of certain foreign subsidiaries that resulted in a $9.4 million gain, partially offset by a loss on debt issuance of $1.2 million, debt issuance costs of $0.8 million and the change of fair value for our debt of $1.6 million and change in fair value of warrants for $0.7 million. We had an increase of approximately $2.1 million in interest income due to higher investment yields. By the end of the fourth quarter of 2023 the business activities of AVITA Medical Pty Limited, AVITA Medical Europe Limited, Visiomed Group Pty Ltd, C3 Operations Pty Ltd and Infamed Pty Ltd were essentially dissolved. As part of the liquidation the company recognized $9.4 million of non-cash foreign currency exchange gains associated with the elimination of the foreign subsidiaries. The gains were offset by expenses related to issuance of debt. We recognized approximately $1.2 million loss on debt issuance as the fair value of the debt and the warrants on the issuance date exceeded the proceeds received on October 18, 2023, the closing date. In addition, we incurred approximately $0.8 million in debt issuance costs. We also recognized $1.7 million and $0.7 million of non-cash charges due to the change in fair value of the debt and the warrant liability, respectively. As permitted under ASC 825, we elected the fair value option to account for the debt, and recorded the debt and warrants at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in fair value related to instrument specific credit risk for the debt are included in Other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Net loss increased by $8.8 million, to $35.4 million, over the $26.7 million recognized in the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in net loss was driven by the higher operating expenses, partially offset by higher revenues and the non-cash charges as described above.

Year-Ended December 31, 2022, compared to the Year-Ended December 31, 2021

The table below summarizes the results of our operations for each of the periods presented (in thousands).

*nm = not meaningful

Total net revenue increased by 4% or $1.4 million to $34.4 million, compared to $33.0 million in the year-ended December 31, 2021, which included $7.9 million from our delivery of units to managed inventory for BARDA (of the Office for the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response) for emergency response preparedness. Total commercial revenue, which excludes BARDA revenue, increased by 36% or $9.0 million to $34.0 million in the year-ended December 31, 2022, compared to $25.1 million in the year-ended December 31, 2021. The growth in commercial revenues was largely driven by deeper penetration within individual customer accounts along with the commencement of commercial sales with our partner COSMOTEC in Japan.

Gross profit margin was 82% and relatively flat compared to the year-ended December 31, 2021.

BARDA income consisted of funding from BARDA, under the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, under ongoing USG Contract No. HHSO100201500028C. Under the BARDA

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contract, income of $3.2 million was recognized during the year-ended December 31, 2022, compared to income of $1.6 million for the year-ended December 31, 2021. BARDA income increased as a result of funding by BARDA for the pivotal trial for use of the RECELL System for soft tissue repair.

Total operating expenses increased by 10% or $5.5 million to $59.1 million, compared to $53.6 million in the year-ended December 31, 2021.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by 35%, or $5.6 million, to $21.9 million, compared to $16.3 million recognized in the year-ended December 31, 2021. Increased costs in the current year were primarily driven by higher selling costs, pre-commercialization costs and higher salaries and benefits. Higher selling costs are attributable to increased commissions due to increased revenue and higher costs for travel, hands-on professional education, and training. Increased pre-commercialization costs are driven by activities related to future RECELL launches in soft tissue repair and vitiligo. Higher salaries and benefits were primarily due to additional field personnel added to deepen penetration within individual customer accounts.

General and administrative expenses increased by 8%, or $1.6 million, to $23.3 million, compared to $21.7 million recognized in the year-ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by higher salaries and benefits and share-based compensation expenses. Higher salaries and benefits costs were due to the expansion of our workforce to support overall operations along with severance costs associated with the termination of a former executive officer. Higher share-based compensation expense was due to the new equity grants in the current period, partially offset by the reversal of expense for unvested awards related to the termination of a former executive officer in the current year.

Research and development expenses decreased by 12%, or $1.8 million, to $13.9 million, compared to $15.7 million recognized in the year-ended December 31, 2021. Research and development costs were lower due to the following: pediatric burn study was closed for enrollment, soft tissue repair and vitiligo trial participants were in less costly follow-up phases this period compared to more costly recruitment and treatment phases in the prior period, and lower expense for sponsored research toward pipeline development in the current period. This is partially offset by higher development expenses in the current year from ongoing development of next generation devices for preparation of Spray-On Skin™ Cells as compared to the prior year due to early prototype development and testing.

Net loss increased by 6%, or $1.5 million, to $26.7 million, over the $25.1 million recognized in the year-ended December 31, 2021. The increase in net loss was driven by higher operating expenses as described above, partially offset by higher revenue.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We expect to utilize cash reserves until U.S. sales of our products reach a level sufficient to fund ongoing operations. AVITA Medical has funded its research and development activities, and more recently its substantial investment in sales and marketing activities, through raising capital by issuing securities and the issuance of debt. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $22.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and $66.9 million in marketable securities.

On October 18, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), by and between the Company, as borrower, and an affiliate of OrbiMed Advisors, LLC, as the lender and administrative agent (the “Lender”). The Credit Agreement provides for a five-year senior secured credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of up to $90.0 million (the “Loan Facility”), of which $40.0 million was borrowed on the Closing Date (the “Initial Commitment Amount”). In addition, an aggregate of $50.0 million will be made available in two separate $25.0 million tranches, at the Company’s discretion, subject to certain net revenue requirements. The first tranche of $25.0 million will be made available on or before December 31, 2024. The second tranche of $25.0 million will be made available on or prior to June 30, 2025, only if the first tranche was drawn upon. On the Closing Date, the Company closed on the Initial Commitment Amount, less certain fees and expenses payable to or on behalf of the Lender. The indebtedness under the Credit Agreement will be secured by substantially all of our assets and will accrue interest at a rate equal to the greater of (a) forward-looking one-month term SOFR rate and (b) four percent (4%) per annum, plus eight percent (8%). In the event that the Company does not meet certain twelve-month trailing revenue targets at the end of certain fiscal quarters, the outstanding balance of the loan must be repaid in equal quarterly installments of 5% of the funded amount through the maturity date. The Credit Agreement contains representations, warranties and covenants that are customary for this type of agreement.

On the Closing Date, we issued to an affiliate of the Lender a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase up to 409,661 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $10.9847 per share, with a term of 10 years from the issuance date. The Warrant contains customary share adjustment provisions, as well as weighted average price protection in certain circumstances.

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As of the date these financial statements were issued, we believe we have sufficient cash reserves to fund operations for the next 12 months.

Financing Activities

On April 14, 2023, we entered into a Sales Agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC pursuant to which the Company may sell from time-to-time up to 3,799,164 shares of its common stock (the “2023 ATM Program”). During the year-ended December 31, 2023, we did not make any sales under the 2023 ATM Program.

On October 18, 2023, as discussed above, we completed a Credit Agreement with the Lender for an aggregate amount up to $90.0 million. On the closing date of the agreement we drew $40.0 million.

On October 18, 2023, as discussed above, we issued to an affiliate of the Lender a warrant to purchase up to 409,661 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $10.9847 per share, with a term of 10 years from the issuance date.

Given the above, we believe there is presently sufficient working capital to support our committed activities, our research and development programs and other activities over the next twelve months.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

Net cash used in operating activities was $38.0 million during the year-ended December 31, 2023, and $19.1 million during the year-ended December 31, 2022. The increase primarily resulted from higher operating costs, partially offset by increased revenues.

Net cash provided in investing activities was $1.6 million during the year-ended December 31, 2023 and cash used in investing activities was $19.3 million during the during the year-ended December 31, 2022. Cash flows provided by investing activities were primarily attributable to maturities of marketable securities. Cash flows used in investing activities for the year-ended December 31, 2022 is primarily attributable to purchase of marketable securities.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $40.4 million and $0.9 million for the years-ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in cash provided by financing activities was due to the issuance debt.

Capital Management and Material Cash Requirements

We aim to manage capital to maintain optimal returns to stockholders and benefits for other stakeholders. We also aim to maintain a capital structure that ensures the lowest cost of capital available to us. We regularly review our capital structure and seek to take advantage of available opportunities to improve outcomes for us and our stockholders.

For the year-ended December 31, 2023, there were no dividends paid and we have no plans to commence the payment of dividends. We have no purchase commitments or long-term contractual obligations, except for lease obligations as of December 31, 2023. Refer to Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on our lease obligations. In addition, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC) that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors. We have no committed plans to issue further shares on the market but will continue to assess market conditions.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The SEC defines “critical accounting policies” as those that require the application of management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Practices, or U.S. GAAP, requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base those estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The following listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere in this Annual Report. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is dictated by U.S. GAAP, with no need for our judgment in its application. There are also areas in which our judgment in selecting an available alternative would not produce a materially different result. We have identified the following as our critical accounting policies.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when its customers obtain control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that are within the scope of Topic 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, (“ASC 606”), we perform the following five steps:

1.
Identify the contract with a customer

2.
Identify the performance obligations

3.
Determine the transaction price

4.
Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations

5.
Recognize revenue when/as performance obligation(s) are satisfied

In order for an arrangement to be considered a contract, it must be probable that we will collect the consideration to which it is entitled for goods or services to be transferred. Once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, we assess the goods or services promised with each contract, determines whether those are performance obligations and the related transaction price. We then recognize the sale of goods based on the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied.

Our revenue consists primarily of the sale of the RECELL System to hospitals or other treatment centers, COSMOTEC and to BARDA (collectively, “customers”), predominately in the United States. We evaluated the BARDA contract and concluded that a portion of the arrangement, such as the procurement of the RECELL system and the emergency preparedness, represents a transaction with a customer and as such are in the scope of ASC 606. Amounts received from BARDA for the research and development of the our product are classified as BARDA income in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and are accounted for under IAS 20. For further details refer to BARDA Income and Receivables below.

Revenues for commercial customers (COSMOTEC, hospitals and treatment centers) are recognized as control of the product is transferred to customers, at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for the product. Revenues are recognized net of volume discounts. As such, revenue is recognized only to the extent a significant reversal of revenues is not expected to occur in subsequent periods. For our contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, we used the practical expedient applicable to such contracts and does not consider the time value of money. Further, because of the short duration of these contracts, we have not disclosed the transaction price for the remaining performance obligations as of each reporting period or when we expect to recognize this revenue. We have further applied the practical expedient to exclude sales tax in the transaction price and expense contract acquisition costs such as commissions and shipping and handling expenses as incurred.

For revenues related to the BARDA contract within the scope of ASC 606, we identified two performance obligations (i) the procurement of 5,614 RECELL units, (ii) emergency preparedness services. Through this contract we promise to procure the product through a vendor management inventory arrangement and to stand ready to provide emergency deployment services related to the product. Emergency preparedness services include procuring necessary storage containers, housing, and maintaining the containers (and product), and providing shipping and handling services in the event of an emergency situation. This stand ready obligation is a

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series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, overtime as services are consumed.

The total transaction price for the portion of the BARDA contract that is within the scope of ASC 606, was determined to be $9.2 million at contract inception. The transaction price was allocated on a stand-alone selling price basis as follows: $7.6 million to the procurement of the RECELL product, which is classified as revenues when recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations and $1.6 million to the emergency deployment services is classified as revenues when recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The $1.6 million for emergency deployment includes variable consideration which is deemed immaterial to the contract as a whole. We estimated the stand-alone selling price of the procurement of the RECELL product based on historical pricing of our product at the initial execution of the contract. We estimated the stand-alone selling price of the emergency deployment services performed based on our projected cost of providing the services plus an applicable profit margin as denoted in the contract.

Our performance obligations are either satisfied at a point in time or over time as services are provided. The product procurement performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time, upon transfer of control of the product. As such, the related revenue for these performance obligations is recognized at a point in time as revenue within our Consolidated Statement of Operations. In addition to guidance under ASC 606, we recognize revenue from the sales of RECELL product to BARDA for placement into vaccine stockpiles in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Interpretation, Commission Guidance regarding Accounting for Sale of Vaccines and BioTerror Countermeasures to the Federal Government for Placement into the Pediatric Vaccine Stockpile or the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS). Under this guidance, revenue is recognized when product is placed in the BARDA vendor-managed inventory (“VMI”) as control of the product has been transferred to the customer at the time of delivery to the VMI. RECELL units that have been delivered to BARDA have a product replacement obligation at no cost to BARDA due to product’s limited shelf-life. The estimated cost of the expired inventory over the term of the contract is accrued on a per unit basis at the time of delivery. The liability is released upon replacement of the product along with a corresponding reduction to inventory. The emergency preparedness services performance obligation is satisfied over time. Revenue for the emergency deployment will be recognized on a straight-line basis during the term of the contract as services are consumed over time. Services recognized are included in sales within the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Contract costs to fulfil the performance obligation are incremental and expected to be recovered are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Contract costs are included in other long-term assets.

See Note 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for additional detail on revenue recognition.

Government Grants / BARDA Income and Receivables

We were granted a BARDA contract in September 2015, wherein BARDA provided funding to us to support the ongoing U.S. clinical regulatory program towards FDA premarket approval, Compassionate Use program, clinical and health economics research, and U.S. pediatric burn programs.

Income under the BARDA contract is earned under a cost-plus-fixed-fee arrangement in which we are reimbursed for direct costs incurred plus allowable indirect costs and a fixed-fee earned. Billings under the contracts are based on approved provisional indirect billing rates, which permit recovery of fringe benefits, general and administrative expenses and a fixed fee.

We have concluded that grants are not within the scope of ASC 606, as they do not meet the definition of a contract with a “customer”. We have further concluded that Subtopic 958-605, Not-for-Profit-Entities-Revenue Recognition also does not apply, as the Company is a business entity, and the grants are with governmental agencies. Government grants and related receivables are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received, and all attaching conditions will be complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as income over the periods necessary to match the grant on a systematic basis to the costs that it is intended to compensate. When the grant relates to an asset, the fair value is credited to deferred income and is released to the profit or loss over the expected useful life of the relevant asset by equal annual installments.

Share-Based Compensation

We measure and recognize compensation expense on a graded-vesting method, for stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), to employees, directors and consultants over the vesting period based on their grant date fair values. Compensation expense for performance-based awards is measured based on the number of shares ultimately expected to vest, estimated at each reporting date based on management’s expectations regarding the relevant performance criteria. We estimate the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of RSUs is based on the closing stock price as determined per Nasdaq at the date of grant.

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Determining the estimated fair value at the grant date requires judgment in determining the appropriate valuation model and assumptions, including, risk-free rate, volatility rate, annual dividend yield and the expected term.

The following assumptions were used in the valuation of stock options.

•
Expected volatility – determined using the historical volatility using daily intervals over the expected term.

•
Expected dividends – None, based on the fact that we have never paid cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

•
Expected term – the expected term of our stock options for tenure only vesting has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method as described in the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 relating to stock-based compensation. The simplified method was chosen because the we have limited historical option exercise experience due to its short operating history of awards granted, the first plan was established in 2016 and was primarily used for Executives awards. Further, we do not have sufficient history of exercises in the U.S. market given our redomiciliation from Australia to the United States in 2020.

•
Risk-free interest rate – the risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant for a period approximately equal to the expected term of the award.

See Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for additional detail on share-based compensation.

Warrants

Warrants are accounted for in accordance with applicable accounting guidance provided in ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (“ASC 815”), as a liability based on the specific terms of the warrant agreement and recorded at fair value. The warrants are subject to re-measurement at each settlement date and at each balance sheet date and any change in fair value is recognized in earnings. The fair value of the warrant liability, which is reported within Warrant liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, is estimated by the Company based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following inputs (Level 3):

•
Price of common stock

•
Estimated expected term

•
Estimated exercise price

•
Estimated expected volatility

•
Estimated risk free interest rate

•
Estimated expected dividend rate

Long-term debt

We elected the fair value option (“FVO”) of accounting under ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments (“ASC 825”), to account for the debt. ASC 825-10, provides FVO election that allows companies an irrevocable election to use fair value at the date of issuance and subsequently remeasure every reporting period. The fair value of the debt is reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value are reported in earnings in Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Any changes in fair value caused by instrument-specific credit risk are presented separately in other comprehensive income. We have elected to present interest expense separately from changes in fair value and therefore will present interest expense associated with the debt. All costs associated with the issuance of the Credit Agreement accounted for using the fair value option were expensed upon issuance. Refer to Note 6 for further details.

The fair value of the debt was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation in order to capture the probability of different potential cash flows outcomes associated with the contractual terms of the instrument. The below assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo simulation (Level 3):

•
Estimated risk free interest rate

•
Estimated revenue volatility

•
Estimated revenue discount rate

•
Estimated future revenue projection

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•
Estimated expected dividend rate

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

We review our uncertain tax positions regularly. An uncertain tax position represents our expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed return or planned to be taken in a future tax return or claim that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more-likely-than-not that the position will be sustained upon examination on the basis of the technical merits or the statute of limitations for the relevant taxing authority to examine and challenge the tax position has expired.

See Note 16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report for additional detail on income taxes.

Recent accounting pronouncements

See discussion of recent accounting pronouncements in Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements located in Item 8 in this Annual Report.

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