PALVELLA THERAPEUTICS, INC. (PVLA) FY 2023 MD&A

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. You should review the disclosure under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Overview

We are a biotechnology company that historically discovered and developed Anticalin® protein-based drugs to target validated disease pathways in unique and transformative ways. Proprietary to us, Anticalin proteins are a novel class of therapeutics validated in the clinic and through partnerships with leading pharmaceutical companies, including Servier, Pfizer (formerly Seagen), and Boston Pharmaceuticals in immuno-oncology, or IO. Our clinical pipeline consists of IO bispecifics in partnership with collaborators, including S095012 (also referred to as PRS-344) targeting PD-L1 and 4-1BB, SGN-BB228 (also referred to as PRS-346) targeting CD228 and 4-1BB, and BOS-342 (also referred to as PRS-342) targeting GPC3 and 4-1BB.

On March 27, 2024, we announced an update on our review of strategic alternatives, and our decision to implement measures that are expected to extend our cash runway into at least 2027, while maximizing our ability to collect potential milestones from our clinical pipeline of partnered drug candidates, potentially obtain value for cinrebafusp alfa and other proprietary platform capabilities, and explore other strategic opportunities. As part of this strategy, we intend to discontinue all of our research and development efforts that we expect will be completed by the middle of 2024, reduce our workforce, which is expected to affect additional employees and the executive leadership and be implemented in the second quarter of 2024, and reduce the size of our Board of Directors, which is also expected to be implemented in the second quarter of 2024. We remain eligible to receive potential contingent milestone and royalty payments from its partnered 4-1BB bispecific Mabcalin protein franchise from Pfizer, Boston Pharmaceuticals, and Servier. These include aggregated milestones of approximately $20 million in connection with dosing a first patient in the phase 2 trials for SGN-BB228, S095102, and BOS-342, and aggregated milestones of approximately $55 million in connection with dosing a first patient in the pivotal clinical trials for SGN-BB228, S095102, and BOS-342. Our strategy announced in March 2024 follows from our July 2023 announcement where we stated our intention to explore one or more strategic transactions with the assistance of our advisors, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, and also announced a reduction in our workforce by approximately 70% in light of decision to reduce our operating footprint and expenses by opting out of and terminating programs.

Discovery and Development Programs

We currently have several IO drug candidates, both proprietary and partnered with major biopharmaceutical companies and are at varying stages of development:

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Cinrebafusp alfa is a bispecific Mabcalin compound comprising a HER2-targeting antibody genetically linked to 4-1BB-targeting Anticalin proteins. Cinrebafusp alfa is designed to drive tumor localized T cell activation through tumor-targeted drug clustering mediated by HER2 expressed on tumor cells. This program was the first 4-1BB bispecific T cell co-stimulatory agonist to enter clinical development.

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Our former drug candidates include:

Since inception, we have devoted nearly all of our efforts and resources to our research and development activities and have incurred significant net losses. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we reported net losses of $24.5 million and $33.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $315.0 million. We expect to continue incurring substantial losses as we devote time and resources into exploring strategic transactions. Our operating expenses have historically been comprised of research and development expenses and general and administrative expenses.

We have not generated any revenues from product sales to date, and we do not expect to generate revenues from product sales for the foreseeable future. Our revenues for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were from license and collaboration agreements with our partners.

A significant portion of our operations are conducted in countries other than the United States. Since we conduct our business in U.S. dollars, our main exposure, if any, results from changes in the exchange rates between the euro and the U.S. dollar. At each period end, we remeasure assets and liabilities to the functional currency of that entity (for example, U.S. dollar payables recorded by our subsidiary, Pieris Pharmaceuticals GmbH). Remeasurement gains and losses are recorded in the statement of operations line item ‘Other income (expense), net’. All assets and liabilities denominated in euros are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the weighted average rate during the period. Equity transactions are translated using historical exchange rates. All adjustments resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Key Financial Terms and Metrics

The following discussion summarizes the key factors our management believes are necessary for an understanding of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenues

We have not generated any revenues from product sales to date and we do not expect to generate revenues from product sales for the foreseeable future. Our revenues for the last two years have been from the license and collaboration agreements with AstraZeneca, Servier, Pfizer, Genentech and Boston Pharmaceuticals.

The revenues from AstraZeneca, Servier, Pfizer, Genentech and Boston Pharmaceuticals have been comprised primarily of upfront payments, research and development services and milestone payments. For additional information about our revenue recognition policy, see “Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”.

Research and Development Expenses

The process of researching and developing drugs for human use is lengthy, unpredictable, and subject to many risks. Historically, we incurred substantial expenses as we continued to develop our clinical and preclinical drug candidates and programs. Also included in research and development costs in 2023 were severance costs associated with the workforce reduction announced in July of that year. In the third quarter of 2023, we had stopped or taken actions to wind down research and development costs related to all proprietary programs. On March 27, 2024, we announced that we would be discontinuing all of our research and development activities. We have no further spending obligations related to our partnered IO programs. We expect research and development costs to be significantly lower than historical amounts.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, equity compensation, and other personnel-related costs associated with executive, administrative and other support staff. Other significant general and administrative expenses include the costs associated with professional fees for accounting, auditing, insurance costs, consulting and legal services, along with facility and maintenance costs attributable to general and administrative functions. Included in general and administrative costs in 2023 were severance costs associated with the workforce reduction announced in July of that year. On March 27, 2024, we announced a reduction in workforce that would impact additional employees and the executive leadership team and is expected to be implemented in the second quarter of 2024. We expect general and administrative costs to be significantly lower than historical amounts given the leaner organization and elimination of research and development spending going forward.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022

The following table sets forth our revenues and operating expenses for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

Revenues

The following table provides a comparison of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

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Research and Development Expenses

The following table provides a comparison of the research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $16.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The period-over-period increase was driven primarily by severance expense along with higher audit and tax costs recorded in the current period, offset partially by lower salary and related costs (prior to severance costs), lower facilities, software, legal, travel and insurance costs.

Asset Impairment

During the third quarter of 2023, as part of our strategic process for maximizing the value of assets, we committed to a plan to prepare and sell all property and equipment. As a result of this decision, we incurred impairment expenses totaling $13.9 million, of which $1.8 million was related to impairment of our right-of-use asset under the Hallbergmoos Lease for which we and the landlord terminated the lease in December 2023.

Other income (expense), net

Our other income was $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to a other expense of  $10.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease year over year was primarily due to lower grant income and unrealized losses. Lower grant income was a result of reaching the threshold for reimbursable costs in 2023. Lower unrealized losses in the current period were due to an overall weakening U.S. dollar on a year to date basis as compared to the prior comparable period. This was partially offset by higher interest income on investment in the current period as a result of higher interest rates.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On March 27, 2024, we announced an update on our review of strategic alternatives, and our decision to implement measures that are expected to extend our cash runway into at least 2027, while maximizing our ability to collect potential milestones and royalties from our clinical pipeline of partnered drug candidates, potentially obtain value for cinrebafusp alfa and other proprietary platform capabilities, and explore other strategic opportunities. As part of this strategy, we intend to discontinue all of our research and development efforts, reduce our workforce, which is expected to affect additional employees and the executive leadership, and be substantially implemented in the second quarter of 2024, and reduce the size of our Board of Directors. This follows our July 2023 announcement in which we stated our intention to explore one or more strategic transaction, and in which we further announced a reduction in our workforce by approximately 70%.

Through December 31, 2023, we have funded our operations with $553.8 million of cash that has been obtained from the following main sources: $303.0 million from sales of equity; $225.2 million in total upfront and milestone payments received under license and collaboration agreements and $25.6 million from government grants.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a total of $26.4 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments. We have incurred losses in every period since inception including the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and have a total accumulated deficit of $315.0 million as of December 31, 2023. Net losses and negative cash flows have had, and will continue to have, an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. We expect to continue to incur operating losses for at least the next several years.

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We have historically devoted substantially all of our financial resources and efforts to research and development and general and administrative expenses to support such research and development.

We expect cash necessary to fund operations will continue to decrease significantly in the near term as we have taken measures to preserve cash, including conducting a further workforce reduction which is expected to impact approximately 60% of the remaining employees, discontinuing our research and development projects. and opting out of co-development of PRS-344/S095012 in the U.S..

The following table provides a summary of operating, investing, and financing cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively (in thousands):

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $53.8 million and $59.9 million, respectively. Cash used in operations in the year ended December 31, 2023 is impacted by lower deferred revenue, primarily driven by higher revenue recognized across all of our collaborations, lower lease liability due to lease termination payment, lower accounts payable, and lower accrued expenses. These changes are offset partially by lower accounts receivable and lower overall prepaid and other assets. This compares to the impact of lower deferred revenue, primarily driven by higher revenue recognized for AstraZeneca, Servier and Pfizer out of the deferred balance, lower accounts payable and accrued expenses and higher accounts receivable and prepaid expenses in the prior period.

The change in net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to net cash used in investing activities in 2022 is solely attributable to the impact of net investments changes (more maturities in the current period versus more purchases of investments in the comparable prior year period).

Financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 provided cash of $19.8 million and $7.2 million, respectively. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities is due to an increase in sales under the ATM program.

In August 2021, we established the ATM Program under a sales agreement with Jefferies LLC, pursuant to which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, up to an aggregate amount of gross sales proceeds of $50.0 million. In November 2022, the sales agreement was amended to provide for an increase in the aggregate offering amount, such that under the ATM Program, as amended, we may offer and sell shares of our common stock, from time to time, up to an aggregate amount of gross sales proceeds of $75.0 million. The ATM Program, as amended, is offered under a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 that was filed with and declared effective by the SEC in August 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold 24.3 million shares for gross proceeds of $20.3 million under the ATM Program at an average stock price of $0.84 per share. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold 2.1 million shares for gross proceeds of $7.2 million under the predecessor ATM program at an average stock price of $3.46.

As of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we will be subject to the SEC general instructions of Form S-3 known as the “baby shelf rules.” Under these instructions, the amount of funds we can raise through primary public offerings of securities in any 12-month period using our registration statement on Form S-3 is limited to one-third of the aggregate market value of the shares of our common stock held by non-affiliates. Therefore, we will be limited in the amount of proceeds we are able to raise by selling shares of our common stock using our Form S-3, including under the ATM Program, until such time as our public float exceeds $75 million.

We have historically devoted substantially all of our financial resources and efforts to research and development and general and administrative expenses to support such research and development. We expect cash necessary to fund operations will continue to decrease significantly as we have decided to discontinue all research and development activities and implement a further workforce reduction that will effect additional employees and the executive leadership team and is expected to be implemented in the second quarter of 2024.

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We believe that our currently available funds will be sufficient to fund our remaining limited operations through at least the next 12 months from the issuance of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As part of our March 27, 2024 strategic update, as discussed above, we decided to implement measures to reduce discretionary expenditures and other fixed or variable personnel costs as we discontinue all remaining research and development obligations and activities, and conduct a further workforce reduction.

Future investments could be reevaluated if we identify and explore any strategic opportunity that our Board of Directors believes will increase stockholder value. Our belief with respect to our ability to fund operations is based on estimates that are subject to these and other risks and uncertainties.

If we seek to raise additional capital to fulfill our operating and capital requirements through public or private equity financings, utilization of our current ATM Program, strategic collaborations, licensing arrangements, government grants and/or the achievement of milestones under our collaborative agreements, there is no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining sufficient funding on terms acceptable to us to fund continuing operations, if at all, and the terms of any future financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our stockholders.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined under applicable SEC rules.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the periods presented. Management makes estimates and exercises judgment in revenue recognition, accrued and prepaid clinical trial expenses, share-based payments and income taxes. Judgments must also be made about the disclosure of contingent liabilities, and these estimates and assumptions form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates and under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, we have identified the following accounting policies that we believe require application of management’s most subjective judgments, often requiring the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Our actual results could differ from these estimates and such differences could be material.

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Revenue Recognition

Pieris has entered into several licensing agreements with collaboration partners for the development of Anticalin therapeutics against a variety of targets. The terms of these agreements provide for the transfer of multiple goods or services which may include: (i) licenses, or options to obtain licenses, to Pieris’ Anticalin technology and/or specific programs and (ii) research and development activities to be performed on behalf of or with a collaborative partner. Payments to Pieris under these agreements may include upfront fees (which include license and option fees), payments for research and development activities, payments based upon the achievement of certain milestones, and royalties on product sales. There are no performance, cancellation, termination or refund provisions in any of the arrangements that could result in material financial consequences to Pieris.

The Company accounts for revenue recognition pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue Recognition, or ASC 606. The standard requires a company to recognize revenue when it transfers goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the company expects to receive for those goods or services.

Collaborative Arrangements

We consider the nature and contractual terms of an arrangement and assess whether the arrangement involves a joint operating activity pursuant to which we are an active participant and are exposed to significant risks and rewards with respect to the arrangement. If we are an active participant and are exposed to the significant risks and rewards with respect to the arrangement, we account for these arrangements pursuant to ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements, or ASC 808, and apply a systematic and rational approach to recognize revenue. We classify payments received as revenue and payments made as a reduction of revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for these goods and services. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps: 1) identify the customer contract; 2) identify the contract’s performance obligations; 3) determine the transaction price; 4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and 5) recognize revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

We evaluate all promised goods and services within a customer contract and determine which of such goods and services are separate performance obligations. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether the good or service is capable of being distinct and whether the good or service is separable from other promises in the contract. In assessing whether promised goods or services are distinct, we consider factors such as the stage of development of the underlying intellectual property and the capabilities of the customer to develop the intellectual property on their own or whether the required expertise is readily available.

Licensing arrangements are analyzed to determine whether the promised goods or services, which often include licenses, research and development services and governance committee services, are distinct or whether they must be accounted for as part of a combined performance obligation. If the license is considered not to be distinct, the license would then be combined with other promised goods or services as a combined performance obligation. If we are involved in a governance committee, we assess whether our involvement constitutes a separate performance obligation. When governance committee services are determined to be separate performance obligations, we determine the fair value to be allocated to this promised service.

Certain contracts contain optional and additional items, which are considered marketing offers and are accounted for as separate contracts with the customer if such option is elected by the customer, unless the option provides a material right which would not be provided without entering into the contract.  An option that is considered a material right is accounted for as a separate performance obligation.

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which we will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to the customer. A contract may contain variable consideration, including potential payments for both milestone and research and development services. For certain potential milestone payments, we estimate the amount of variable consideration by using the most likely amount method. In making this assessment, we evaluate factors such as the clinical, regulatory, commercial and other risks that must be overcome to achieve the milestone. Each reporting period we re-evaluate the probability of achievement of such variable consideration and any related constraints. We will include variable consideration, without constraint, in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. For potential research and development service payments, we estimate the amount of variable consideration by using the expected value method, including any approved budget updates arising from additional research or development services.

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. Contracts that contain multiple performance obligations require an allocation of the transaction price among the performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis unless a portion of the transaction price is variable and meets the criteria to be allocated entirely to a performance obligation or to a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation.

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We allocate the transaction price based on the estimated standalone selling price of the underlying performance obligations or in the case of certain variable consideration to one or more performance obligations. We must develop assumptions that require judgment to determine the stand-alone selling price for each performance obligation identified in the contract. We utilize key assumptions to determine the stand-alone selling price, which may include other comparable transactions, pricing considered in negotiating the transaction and the estimated costs to complete the respective performance obligation. Certain variable consideration is allocated specifically to one or more performance obligations in a contract when the terms of the variable consideration relate to the satisfaction of the performance obligation and the resulting amounts allocated to each performance obligation are consistent with the amount we would expect to receive for each performance obligation.

When a performance obligation is satisfied, revenue is recognized for the amount of the transaction price, excluding estimates of variable consideration that are constrained, that is allocated to that performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. Significant management judgment is required in determining the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which we are expected to complete its performance obligations under an arrangement.

For performance obligations consisting of licenses and other promises, we utilize judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from non- refundable, up-front fees. We evaluate the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. If the license to our intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, we will recognize revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license.

Milestones and Royalties

We aggregate milestones into four categories: (i) research milestones, (ii) development milestones, (iii) commercial milestones, and (iv) sales milestones. Research milestones are typically achieved upon reaching certain success criteria as defined in each agreement related to developing an Anticalin protein against the specified target. Development milestones are typically reached when a compound reaches a defined phase of clinical research or passes such phase or upon gaining regulatory approvals. Commercial milestones are typically achieved when an approved pharmaceutical product reaches the status for commercial sale, including regulatory approval. Sales milestones are certain defined levels of net sales by the licensee, such as when a product first achieves global sales or annual sales of a specified amount.

There is uncertainty that the events to obtain the research and development milestones will be achieved given the nature of clinical development and the stage of our technology. We have thus determined that all research and development milestones will be constrained until it is deemed probable that a significant revenue reversal will not occur. For revenues from research and development milestones, payments will be recognized consistent with the recognition pattern of the performance obligation to which they relate.

For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and for which the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, we recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Commercial milestones and sales royalties are determined by sales or usage-based thresholds and will be accounted for under the royalty recognition constraint as constrained variable consideration.

Contract Balances

We recognize a contract asset when we transfer goods or services to a customer before the customer pays consideration or before payment is due, excluding any amounts presented as a receivable (i.e., accounts receivable). A contract asset is an entity’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer. The contract liabilities (i.e., deferred revenue) primarily relate to contracts where we have received payment but have not yet satisfied the related performance obligations.

Contingencies

Accruals are recorded for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the related loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate, on a quarterly basis, developments in legal proceedings and other matters that could cause an increase or decrease in the amount of the liability that has been accrued previously. Considering facts known at the time of the assessment, we determine whether potential losses are considered reasonably possible or probable and whether they are estimable. Based upon this assessment, we carry out an evaluation of disclosure requirements and consider possible accruals in the financial statements.

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Research and Development Expense

Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred in performing research and development activities. Research and development expenses are comprised of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including salaries and benefits, facilities costs, pre-clinical and clinical costs, contract services, consulting, depreciation and amortization expense, and other related costs. Costs associated with acquired technology, in the form of upfront fees or milestone payments, are charged to research and development expense as incurred.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating losses and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted statutory tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the jurisdictions and years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

We evaluate the realizability of our net deferred tax assets, including considering the level of historical operating results and projections of taxable income for the future. We record a full valuation allowance to reduce our net deferred tax assets when it is determined that it is more likely than not that our net deferred tax assets will not be realized.

We recognize, measure, present and disclose in our financial statements any uncertain tax positions that we have taken or expect to take on a tax return. We operate in multiple jurisdictions, both within and outside the United States, and may be subject to audits from various tax authorities. Management’s judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, liabilities for uncertain tax positions, and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We will monitor the extent to which our deferred tax assets may be realized and adjust the valuation allowance accordingly.

Our policy is to classify interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

We review new accounting standards to determine the expected financial impact, if any, that the adoption of each standard will have. For the recently issued accounting standards that we believe may have an impact on our consolidated financial statements, see “Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our consolidated financial statements.

Smaller Reporting Company Status

Currently, we qualify as a smaller reporting company.

As a smaller reporting company, we are eligible and have taken advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are not available to public reporting companies that do not qualify for this classification, including, but not limited to:

For as long as we continue to be a smaller reporting company, we expect that we will take advantage of both the reduced internal control audit requirements and the disclosure obligations available to us as a result of this classification.

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