# Postal Realty Trust, Inc. (PSTL) FY 2022 MD&A

Verbatim Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis from Postal Realty Trust, Inc.'s 10-K for fiscal year 2022.

SEC filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1759774/000162828023006624/pstl-20221231.htm
Accession: 0001628280-23-006624
Filing date: 2023-03-07
Report date: 2022-12-31
Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary.
Confidence: high

Company profile: /company/PSTL/
All MD&A years: /company/PSTL/mda/
Previous year: /company/PSTL/mda/fy2021/ (FY 2021)
Next year: /company/PSTL/mda/fy2023/ (FY 2023)

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis is based on, and should be read in conjunction with, the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto of the Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the risks, uncertainties and assumptions associated with those statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and included in other portions of this report.

Overview

Company

We were formed as a Maryland corporation on November 19, 2018 and commenced operations upon completion of our IPO and the related formation transactions. We conduct our business through a traditional UPREIT structure in which our properties are owned by our Operating Partnership directly or through limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we acquired 320 properties leased primarily to the USPS for approximately $123 million, excluding closing costs. As of December 31, 2022, our portfolio consists of 1,286 owned properties, located in 49 states and one territory and comprising approximately 5.3 million net leasable interior square feet.

We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership through which our properties are directly or indirectly owned. As of March 7, 2023, we owned approximately 80.0% of our outstanding OP Units, including LTIP Units. Our Board of Directors oversees our business and affairs.

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ATM Programs

On December 14, 2020, we entered into separate open market sale agreements for our at-the-market offering program (the "2020 ATM Program"), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, shares of our Class A common stock having an aggregate sales price of up to $50.0 million. On November 4, 2022, we terminated the 2020 ATM Program and entered into separate open market sale agreements with each of Jefferies LLC, BMO Capital Markets Corp., Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated and Truist Securities, Inc. as agents (the "2022 ATM Program"), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, shares of our Class A common stock having an aggregate sales price of up to $50.0 million. The agreements also provide that we may enter into one or more forward sale agreements under separate master forward confirmations and related supplemental confirmations with affiliates of certain agents. During the year ended December 31, 2022, 751,382 shares were issued under the 2020 ATM Program and the 2022 ATM Program, raising approximately $11.9 million in gross proceeds. As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $41.9 million of availability remaining under the 2022 ATM Program.

Executive Overview

We are an internally managed REIT with a focus on acquiring and managing properties leased primarily to the USPS, ranging from last-mile post offices to larger industrial facilities. We believe the overall opportunity for consolidation that exists within the postal logistics network is very attractive. We continue to execute our strategy to acquire and consolidate postal properties that we believe will generate strong earnings for our shareholders.

Geographic Concentration

As of December 31, 2022, we owned a portfolio of 1,286 properties located in 49 states and one territory and leased primarily to the USPS. For the year ended December 31, 2022, approximately 15.1% of our total rental income was concentrated in Pennsylvania.

Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act"), and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

In addition, the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have availed ourselves of these exemptions; although, subject to certain restrictions, we may elect to stop availing ourselves of these exemptions in the future even while we remain an “emerging growth company.”

We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which our total annual revenue equals or exceeds $1.235 billion (subject to periodic adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our IPO, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in Regulation S-K under the Securities Act and have elected to take advantage of certain scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.”

We elected to be treated as a REIT under the Code beginning with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2019 and intend to continue to qualify as a REIT. As long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent that we distribute our taxable income for each tax year to our stockholders.

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Factors That May Influence Future Results of Operations

The USPS

We are dependent on the USPS’ financial and operational stability. The USPS is currently facing a variety of circumstances that are threatening its ability to fund its operations and other obligations as currently conducted without intervention by the federal government. The USPS is constrained by laws and regulations that restrict revenue sources and pricing, mandate certain expenses and cap its borrowing capacity. As a result, among other consequences, the USPS is unable to fund its mandated expenses and continues to be subject to mandated payments to its retirement system and benefits. While the USPS has recently undertaken, and proposes to undertake, a number of operational reforms and cost reduction measures, such as higher rates and slower deliveries for certain services and potential closure, relocation or consolidation of certain facilities and delivery units, the USPS has taken the position such measures alone will not be sufficient to maintain its ability to meet all of its existing obligations when due or allow it to make the critical infrastructure investments that have been deferred in recent years. These measures have also led to significant criticism and litigation, which may result in reputational or financial harm or increased regulatory scrutiny of the USPS or reduced demand for its services. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic (including new or mutated variants of COVID-19) and measures taken to prevent its spread also continue to have a material and unpredictable effect on the USPS’ operations and liquidity, including significant additional operating expenses caused by pandemic-related disruptions. The COVID-19 pandemic and other geopolitical and economic factors have also created significant inflationary pressures resulting in higher compensation, benefits, transportation and fuel costs for the USPS. If the USPS becomes unable to meet its financial obligations or its revenue declines due to reduced demand for its services, the USPS may reduce its demand for leasing postal properties, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. For additional information regarding the risks associated with the USPS, see Item 1A. "Risk Factors—Risks Related to the USPS".

Revenues

We derive revenues primarily from rent and tenant reimbursements under leases with the USPS for our properties and fee and other from the management of postal properties owned by Mr. Spodek and his affiliates, income recognized from properties accounted for as financing leases and revenue from providing certain advisory services. Rental income represents the lease revenue recognized under leases primarily with the USPS which includes the impact of above and below market lease intangibles as well as tenant reimbursements for payments made by our tenants under the leases to reimburse us for the majority of real estate taxes paid at each property. Fee and other principally represent (i) revenue our TRS received from postal properties owned by Mr. Spodek and his affiliates pursuant to the management agreements and is a percentage of the lease revenue for the managed properties, (ii) revenue our TRS received from providing advisory services to third-party owners of postal properties and (iii) income recognized from properties accounted for as financing leases. As of December 31, 2022, properties leased to our tenants had an average remaining lease term of approximately three years. Factors that could affect our rental income and fee and other in the future include, but are not limited to: (i) our ability to renew or replace expiring leases and management agreements; (ii) local, regional or national economic conditions; (iii) an oversupply of, or a reduction in demand for, postal space; (iv) changes in market rental rates; (v) changes to the USPS’ current property leasing program or form of lease; and (vi) our ability to provide adequate services and maintenance at our properties and managed properties.

Operating Expenses

We lease our properties primarily to the USPS. The majority of our leases are modified double-net leases, whereby the tenant is responsible for utilities, routine maintenance and reimbursement of property taxes and the landlord is responsible for insurance, roof and structure. Thus, an increase in costs related to the landlord’s responsibilities under these leases could negatively influence our operating results. Refer to “Lease Renewal” below for further discussion.

Operating expenses generally consist of real estate taxes, property operating expenses, which consist of insurance, repairs and maintenance (other than those for which the tenant is responsible), property maintenance-related payroll and depreciation and amortization. Factors that may affect our ability to control these operating costs include but are not limited to: the cost of periodic repair, renovation costs, the cost of re-leasing space, inflation and the potential for liability under applicable laws. Recoveries from the tenant are recognized as revenue on an accrual basis over the periods in which the related expenditures are incurred. Tenant reimbursements and the related property operating expenses are recognized on a gross basis, because (i) generally, we are the primary obligor with respect to the real estate taxes and (ii) we bear the credit risk in the event the tenant does not reimburse the real estate taxes.

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The expenses of owning and operating a property are not necessarily reduced when circumstances, such as market factors and competition, cause a reduction in income from the property. If revenues drop, we may not be able to reduce our expenses accordingly. Costs associated with real estate investments generally will not be materially reduced even if a property is not fully occupied or other circumstances cause our revenues to decrease. As a result, if revenues decrease in the future, static operating costs may adversely affect our future cash flow and results of operations.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense represents personnel costs, professional fees, legal fees, insurance, consulting fees, information technology costs and other expenses related to our day-to-day activities of being a public company. While we expect that our general and administrative expenses will continue to rise as our portfolio grows, we expect that such expenses as a percentage of our revenues will decrease over time due to efficiencies and economies of scale.

Equity-Based Compensation Expense

All equity-based compensation expense is recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income as components of general and administrative expense and property operating expenses. We issue share-based awards to align our directors’ and employees’ interests with those of our investors.

Indebtedness and Interest Expense

On August 9, 2021, we entered into a $150.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "2021 Revolving Credit Facility") and a $50.0 million senior unsecured term loan facility (the "2021 Term Loan"). On May 11, 2022, we amended the Credit Facilities (the "First Amendment") to, among other things, add a new $75.0 million senior unsecured delayed draw term loan facility (the "2022 Term Loan" and, together with the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility and the 2021 Term Loan, the “Credit Facilities”), replace LIBOR with SOFR as the benchmark interest rate and allow for a decrease in the applicable margin by 0.02% if we achieve certain sustainability targets.

We intend to use the Credit Facilities for working capital purposes, which may include repayment of mortgage indebtedness, property acquisitions and other general corporate purposes. We amortize on a non-cash basis the deferred financing costs associated with our debt to interest expense using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest rate method over the terms of the related loans. Any changes to the debt structure, including debt financing associated with property acquisitions, could materially influence the operating results depending on the terms of any such indebtedness.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our net taxable income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. Under the Code, REITs are subject to numerous organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that they distribute each year at least 90% of their REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, our income for that year will be taxed at regular corporate rates, and we would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. Even though we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may still be subject to state and local taxes on our income and assets and to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income. Additionally, any income earned by our existing TRS and any other TRS we form in the future will be subject to federal, state and local corporate income tax.

Lease Renewal

As of March 7, 2023, the leases at 100 of our properties, representing approximately 320,000 net leasable interior square feet and $4.0 million in annual contractual rental revenue, were expired and the USPS was occupying such properties as a holdover tenant. See Item 2. "Properties—Lease Expiration Schedule”. As of the date of this report, the USPS had not vacated or notified us of its intention to vacate any of these properties. When a lease expires, the USPS becomes a holdover tenant on a month-to-month basis typically paying the greater of estimated market rent or the rent amount under the expired lease. In 2022, in connection with our ongoing lease renewal negotiations with the USPS, we filed claims with the USPS regarding market rent and other amounts due under the expired leases during the holdover period. The USPS subsequently determined that market rent for the expired leases was generally greater than the rent amount under the expired leases and agreed to pay us (i) a lump sum catch-up payment for increased rents from the date of lease expiration and (ii) increased rents reflecting the market rent

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determined by USPS going forward. However, because USPS did not accept market rent based on our estimate and other amounts in our claims, we appealed such decisions before the Postal Service Board of Contract Appeals (“PSBCA”) within the period prescribed in the Contract Disputes Act of 1978. The PSBCA subsequently granted a joint request by the USPS and us to stay the appeals to enable further negotiations between the parties regarding the renewal of the expired leases. While we currently anticipate that we will renew the leases that have expired or will expire, there can be no guarantee that we will be successful in renewing these leases, obtaining positive rent renewal spreads or renewing the leases on terms comparable to those of the expiring leases. Even if we are able to renew these expired leases, the lease terms may not be comparable to those of the previous leases. If we are not successful, we will likely experience reduced occupancy, rental income and net operating income, as well as diminished borrowing capacity under our Credit Facilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to stockholders. For additional information regarding the risks associated with the USPS, see Item 1A. "Risk Factors—Risks Related to the USPS".

Results of Operations

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]
Revenues

Rental income – Rental income includes net rental income as well as the recovery of certain operating costs and property taxes from tenants. Rental income increased by $12.6 million to $50.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $38.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to the volume of our acquisitions.

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Fee and other - Fee and other revenue increased by $0.8 million to $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to higher income received from properties accounted for as financing leases.

Operating Expenses

Real estate taxes – Real estate taxes increased by $1.8 million to $7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to the volume of our acquisitions.

Property operating expenses – Property operating expenses increased by $1.6 million to $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Property management expenses are included within property operating expenses and increased by $0.6 million to $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to expanding our property management staff as a result of our continued growth as well as an increase in equity-based compensation expense related to awards that have been granted to our property management employees throughout 2021 and 2022. The remainder of the increase of $1.0 million is for expenses related to repairs and maintenance and insurance, which increase is primarily due to the volume of our acquisitions.

General and administrative – General and administrative expenses increased by $2.5 million to $13.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $10.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to expanding our staff and increase in information technology costs as a result of our continued growth as well as an increase in equity-based compensation expense related to awards that have been granted to our employees throughout 2021 and 2022.

Depreciation and amortization – Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $3.7 million to $17.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $14.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to the volume of our acquisitions.

Other Income

Other income primarily includes insurance recoveries related to property damage claims. Other income increased by $0.6 million to $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to higher insurance recoveries.

Total Interest Expense, Net

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we incurred total interest expense, net of $6.0 million compared to $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in interest expense of $2.3 million was primarily related to higher amount of borrowings under our Credit Facilities to finance our acquisitions and increased interest rates.

Cash Flows

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021

We had $1.5 million of cash and $0.5 million of escrows and reserves as of December 31, 2022 compared to $5.9 million of cash and $1.2 million of escrows and reserves as of December 31, 2021.

Cash flow from operating activities – Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $7.5 million to $24.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $17.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily due to the volume of our acquisitions, all of which have generated additional rental income and related changes in working capital.

Cash flow from investing activities – Net cash used in investing activities of $120.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily consisted of $119.9 million of acquisitions and capital improvements offset by $0.8 million of insurance proceeds that were received. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily consisted of $91.4 million of acquisitions and capital improvements and $15.7 million of investment in a financing lease offset by $1.2 million of insurance proceeds that were received.

Cash flow from financing activities – Net cash provided by financing activities decreased by $2.8 million to $90.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to $93.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily related to a reduction in net proceeds from issuance of shares, increased payments of dividends and

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distributions and a decrease in net proceeds received from the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2022, partially offset by an increase in net proceeds received from the 2022 Term Loan and lower amount of repayments under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We had approximately $1.5 million of cash and $0.5 million of escrows and reserves as of December 31, 2022.

Revolving Credit Facility and Term loans

On August 9, 2021, we entered into the Credit Facilities, which include the $150.0 million 2021 Revolving Credit Facility and the $50.0 million 2021 Term Loan, with Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent, and BMO Capital Markets Corp., M&T Bank, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Truist Securities, Inc. as joint lead arrangers and joint book runners. Additional participants in the Credit Facilities include Stifel Bank & Trust and TriState Capital Bank. On May 11, 2022, we entered into the First Amendment to, among other things, add the 2022 Term Loan (and, together with the 2021 Term Loan, the "Term Loans"). On December 6, 2022, we further exercised $40.0 million of accordion feature under the 2022 Term Loan. As of December 31, 2022, we had $165.0 million of aggregate principal amount outstanding under our Credit Facilities, with $50.0 million drawn on the 2021 Term Loan and $115.0 million drawn on the 2022 Term Loan and $150.0 million of borrowing capacity remaining under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility.

The Credit Facilities include an accordion feature which permit us to borrow up to an additional $150.0 million under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility and up to an additional $35.0 million under the Term Loans (after our exercise of the $40.0 million term loan accordion in December 2022), in each case subject to customary terms and conditions. The 2021 Revolving Credit Facility matures in January 2026, which may be extended for two six-month periods subject to customary conditions, the 2021 Term Loan matures in January 2027 and the 2022 Term Loan matures in February 2028. Borrowings under the Credit Facilities carry an interest rate of, (i) in the case of the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility, either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.5% to 1.0% per annum or Adjusted Term SOFR (as defined below) plus a margin ranging from 1.5% to 2.0% per annum, or (ii) in the case of the Term Loans, either a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.45% to 0.95% per annum or Adjusted Term SOFR plus a margin ranging from 1.45% to 1.95% per annum, in each case depending on a consolidated leverage ratio. With respect to the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility, we will pay, if the usage is equal to or less than 50%, an unused facility fee of 0.20% per annum, or if the usage is greater than 50%, an unused facility fee of 0.15% per annum, in each case on the average daily unused commitments under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility.

The Credit Facilities are guaranteed, jointly and severally, by us and certain of our indirect subsidiaries and contain customary covenants that, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, our ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens on assets, make certain types of investments, engage in acquisitions, mergers or consolidations, sell assets, enter into certain transactions with affiliates and pay dividends or make distributions. The Credit Facilities require compliance with consolidated financial maintenance covenants to be tested quarterly, including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, maximum total leverage ratio, minimum tangible net worth, maximum secured leverage ratio, maximum unsecured leverage ratio, minimum unsecured debt service coverage ratio and maximum secured recourse leverage ratio. The Credit Facilities also contain certain customary events of default, including the failure to make timely payments under the Credit Facilities, any event or condition that makes other material indebtedness due prior to its scheduled maturity, the failure to satisfy certain covenants and specified events of bankruptcy and insolvency. As of December 31, 2022, we were in compliance with all of the Credit Facilities’ debt covenants.

We have five interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $165.0 million that are used to manage our interest rate risk and fix the SOFR component on the Credit Facilities (together, the "Interest Rate Swaps"). Within the $165.0 million, $50.0 million of the swaps mature in January 2027 and fix the interest rate of the 2021 Term Loan at 2.291% as of December 31, 2022. An additional $50.0 million of the swaps mature in February 2028 and fix the first $50.0 million amount outstanding under the 2022 Term Loan at 4.237% as of December 31, 2022. An additional $25.0 million of the swaps mature in February 2028 and fix the additional $25.0 million amount outstanding under the 2022 Term Loan at 4.81% as of December 31, 2022. The remaining $40.0 million of the swaps mature in February 2028 and fix the remaining $40.0 million amount outstanding under the 2022 Term Loan at 4.952% as of December 31, 2022.

Capital Resources and Financing Strategy

Our short-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of operating expenses and other expenditures associated with our properties, distributions to our limited partners and distributions to our stockholders required to qualify for REIT status,

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capital expenditures and, potentially, acquisitions. We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements through net cash provided by operations, cash, borrowings under our Credit Facilities and the potential issuance of securities. We have an effective shelf registration statement on file with the SEC under which we may issue equity financing through the instruments and on the terms most attractive to us at such time, including through our $50.0 million 2022 ATM Program.

Our long-term liquidity requirements primarily consist of funds necessary for the repayment of debt at maturity, distributions to our limited partners and distributions to our stockholders required to qualify for REIT status, property acquisitions and non-recurring capital improvements. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term indebtedness including our Credit Facilities and mortgage financing, the issuance of equity and debt securities and proceeds from select sales of our properties. We also may fund property acquisitions and non-recurring capital improvements using our Credit Facilities pending permanent property-level financing.

We believe we have access to multiple sources of capital to fund our long-term liquidity requirements, including the incurrence of additional debt and the issuance of additional equity securities. However, in the future, there may be a number of factors that could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including unfavorable conditions in the overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base, borrowing restrictions imposed by our lenders, general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance, liquidity and market perceptions about us. The success of our business strategy will depend, to a significant degree, on our ability to access these various capital sources. In addition, we continuously evaluate possible acquisitions of postal properties, which largely depend on, among other things, the market for owning and leasing postal properties and the terms on which the USPS will enter into new or renewed leases.

To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make distributions to our stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding capital gains. As a result of this requirement, we cannot rely on retained earnings to fund our business needs to the same extent as other entities that are not REITs. If we do not have sufficient funds available to us from our operations to fund our business needs, we will need to find alternative ways to fund those needs. Such alternatives may include, among other things, divesting ourselves of properties (whether or not the sales price is optimal or otherwise meets our strategic long-term objectives), incurring indebtedness or issuing equity securities in public or private transactions, the availability and attractiveness of the terms of which cannot be assured.

Consolidated Indebtedness

As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $198.1 million of outstanding consolidated principal indebtedness. The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 with respect to our outstanding indebtedness (in thousands):

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

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Explanatory Notes:

(1)See above under "—Revolving Credit Facility and Term loans" for details regarding the Credit Facilities. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of unused facility fees related to our previous credit facility and the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility.

(2)Based upon the one-month Adjusted Term SOFR, which is SOFR plus a term SOFR adjustment of 0.10%, subject to a 0% floor (the “Adjusted Term SOFR”).

(3)Five properties are collateralized under this loan and Mr. Spodek also provided a personal guarantee of payment for 50% of the outstanding amount thereunder. The loan has a fixed interest rate of 3.69% for the first five years with interest payments only (ending in October 2026), then adjusting every subsequent five year period thereafter with principal and interest payments to the rate based on the five-year weekly average yield on United States Treasury securities adjusted to a constant maturity of five years, as made available to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Five-Year Treasury Rate"), plus a margin of 2.75%, with a minimum annual rate of 2.75%.

(4)The loan is collateralized by first mortgage liens on four properties and a personal guarantee of payment by Mr. Spodek. The loan has a fixed interest rate of 3.625% for the first five years (ending in August 2026), then adjusting annually thereafter to a variable annual rate of Wall Street Journal Prime Rate with a minimum annual rate of 3.625%.

(5)The loan is collateralized by first mortgage liens on one property and a personal guarantee of payment by Mr. Spodek. The loan has a fixed interest rate of 3.69% for the first five years with interest payments only (ending in October 2026), then adjusting every subsequent five year period thereafter with principal and interest payments to the rate based on the Five-Year Treasury Rate, plus a margin of 2.75%, with a minimum annual rate of 2.75%.

(6)In connection with the acquisition of a property, we obtained seller financing secured by the property in the amount of $0.4 million requiring five annual payments of principal and interest of $0.1 million with the first installment due on January 2, 2021 based on a 6.0% interest rate per annum through January 2, 2025.

(7)The loan is secured by a first mortgage lien on an industrial property located in Warrendale, Pennsylvania. The loan has a fixed interest rate of 2.80% with interest-only payments for the first five years and fixed payments of principal and interest thereafter based on a 30-year amortization schedule.

Secured Borrowings as of December 31, 2022

As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $33.1 million of secured borrowings outstanding, all of which are currently fixed-rate debt with a weighted average interest rate of 2.90% per annum.

Contractual Obligations and Other Long-Term Liabilities

The following table provides information with respect to our commitments as of December 31, 2022, including any guaranteed or minimum commitments under contractual obligations.

[[GREPCENT_TABLE]]
[["","","Payments Due by Period"],["Contractual Obligations","","Total","","2023","","2024 to 2025","","2026 to 2027","","More than five years"],["Credit Facilities","","$","165,000","","","$","\u2014","","","$","\u2014","","","$","50,000","","","$","115,000"],["Principal payments on mortgage loans","","33,093","","","106","","","229","","","1,412","","","31,346"],["Interest payments(1)","","41,543","","","7,800","","","15,583","","","13,858","","","4,302"],["Operating lease obligations(2)","","1,885","","","245","","","167","","","86","","","1,387"],["Total","","$","241,521","","","$","8,151","","","$","15,979","","","$","65,356","","","$","152,035"]]
[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

Explanatory Notes:

(1)The amounts shown relate to (i) the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility based on the outstanding balance and interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2022 and assuming an unused facility fee under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility through the remainder of the term based on such outstanding balance, (ii) the Term Loans based on the interest rate fixed through the

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Interest Rate Swaps and outstanding balance as of December 31, 2022 and (iii) the mortgage loans based on the outstanding balance and interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2022.

(2)Operating lease obligations relate to two leases for our corporate headquarters and seven ground leases at certain of our properties.

Dividends

To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to pay dividends to stockholders at least equal to 90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we paid cash dividends of $0.925 per share.

Subsequent Events

2023 Financing Activity

We had net credit facility activity of $17.0 million during the period subsequent to December 31, 2022. As of the date of this report, we had $182.0 million drawn on the Credit Facilities, with $50.0 million drawn on the 2021 Term Loan, $115.0 million drawn on the 2022 Term Loan and $17.0 million drawn on the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility.

2023 Real Estate Acquisitions

Subsequent to December 31, 2022, we have acquired 24 properties in individual or small portfolio transactions for approximately $12.7 million, excluding closing costs.

Dividends

Our Board of Directors approved, and on February 1, 2023, we declared a fourth quarter common stock dividend of $0.2375 per share which was paid on February 28, 2023 to stockholders of record on February 15, 2023.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon the historical consolidated financial statements of the Company that have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to exercise our best judgment in making estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Set forth below is a summary of accounting policies and estimates that we believe are critical to the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments applied were reasonable at the time made, based upon information available to us at that time. Due to the inherently judgmental nature of the various projections and assumptions used, and unpredictability of economic and market conditions, actual results may differ from estimates, and changes in estimates and assumptions could have a material effect on our financial statements in the future. Our accounting policies and estimates are more fully discussed in Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Investments in Real Estate Properties

Upon the acquisition of real estate, the purchase price is allocated based upon the relative fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The allocation of the purchase price to the relative fair value of the tangible and intangible assets of an acquired property is derived by valuing the property as if it were vacant. All real estate acquisitions in the periods presented qualified as asset acquisitions and, as such, acquisition-related fees and acquisition-related expenses related to these asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the acquisition.

Investments in real estate generally include land, buildings, tenant improvements and identified intangible assets, such as in-place lease intangibles and above or below-market lease intangibles. Direct and certain indirect costs clearly associated with the development, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate assets are capitalized as a cost of the property. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

We acquired 320 properties for approximately $123 million, excluding closing costs, during 2022 and 238 properties for approximately $103 million, excluding closing costs, during 2021. These transactions were accounted for as asset

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acquisitions, and the purchase price of each was allocated based on the relative fair value of the asset acquired and liabilities assumed.

Revenue Recognition

We have operating lease agreements with tenants, some of which contain provisions for future rental increases. Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. In addition, certain lease agreements provide for reimbursements from tenants for real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, which are recorded on an accrual basis as part of “Rental income” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The Company’s determination of the probability to collect lease payments is impacted by numerous factors, including the Company's assessment of the tenant’s creditworthiness, economic conditions, historical experience with the tenant, future prospects for the tenant and the length of the lease term. If leases currently classified as probable are subsequently reclassified as not probable, any outstanding lease receivables (including straight-line rent receivables) would be written-off with a corresponding decrease in rental income.

Fee and other primarily consist of (i) property management fees, (ii) income recognized from properties accounted for as financing leases and (iii) fees earned from providing advisory services to third-party owners of postal properties. The management fees arise from contractual agreements with entities that are affiliated with our chief executive officer. Management fee income is recognized as earned under the respective agreements. Revenue from direct financing leases is recognized over the lease term using the effective interest rate method. At lease inception, we record an asset within investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which represents our net investment in the direct financing lease. This initial net investment is determined by aggregating the total future minimum lease payments attributable to the direct financing lease and the estimated residual value of the property, if any, less unearned income. Over the lease term, the investment in the direct financing lease is reduced and income is recognized as revenue in “Fee and other” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income and produces a constant periodic rate of return on the investment in financing leases, net.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The carrying value of real estate investments and related intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment exists when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the aggregate projected future cash flows over the anticipated holding period on an undiscounted basis. An impairment loss is measured based on the excess of the asset’s carrying amount over its estimated fair value. Impairment analyses will be based on current plans, intended holding periods and available market information at the time the analyses are prepared. If estimates of the projected future cash flows, anticipated holding periods or market conditions change, the evaluation of impairment losses may be different and such differences may be material. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective and is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, no impairment related to our long-lived assets was identified.

New Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of our adoption of new accounting pronouncements, please see Note 2. Summary of Significant Accountant Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Inflation

Because most of our leases provide for fixed annual rental payments without annual rent escalations, our rental revenues are fixed while our property operating expenses are subject to inflationary increases. A majority of our leases provide for tenant reimbursement of real estate taxes and thus the tenant must reimburse us for real estate taxes. We believe that if inflation increases expenses over time, increases in lease renewal rates will materially offset such increase.