PARK NATIONAL CORP /OH/ (PRK) Business

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

The disclosures set forth in this Item are qualified by "ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS" and the section captioned "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and other cautionary statements set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

General

Park National Corporation (“Park”) is a financial holding company regulated under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the “Bank Holding Company Act”). Founded as Park National Bank of Ohio, in Newark, Ohio, Park’s legacy dates to 1908. As a bank holding company, Park was established in 1987. Park is headquartered at 51 North Third Street, Newark, Ohio 43055, and can be reached at (740) 349-8451. Its common shares trade on NYSE American under the symbol “PRK.” Park's internet site http://www.parknationalcorp.com provides access to annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments, and definitive proxy statements filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). These documents are available as soon as practicable after Park files them electronically with the SEC. Park's primary business is to own and oversee its subsidiaries, engaged primarily in the business of banking. While Park sets overall policies, including lending and financial strategies, the officers of its subsidiaries handle day-to-day operations.

Human Capital

At Park, banking is about more than money, and jobs are about more than work. Park provides a work experience that ignites associate passion to serve, unlocks potential to grow, and fuels the life of associates who want to build for themselves and those they love. Park provides opportunities for growth and advancement by empowering associates and offering ongoing training to develop knowledge and skills. Park strives to provide a safe, fair, caring and courteous work environment.

Associate Profile

Park associates are driven by purpose, a theme associates refer to as "Serving More." The organization prioritizes doing the right thing, whether that means listening attentively, empathizing with others, or prioritizing the best interests of others. This commitment makes the work deeply meaningful.

As of December 31, 2025, Park operated 87 financial service offices in Ohio, northern Kentucky, and the Carolinas. As of December 31, 2025, Park had 1,731 active associates, comprising 1,589 full-time and 142 part-time, which equates to 1,694 full-time equivalent associates. Of these, 68% are female and 32% are male, with an average tenure of 9.7 years. The branch delivery channels employ 32.7% of those associates.

Talent

Park is committed to equal employment opportunities, hiring, and promoting individuals who meet position requirements and show strong potential for growth. Park’s performance management emphasizes rewarding associates based on performance. Through annual goal-setting and quarterly updates, supervisors and associates collaboratively track progress. The annual evaluation process influences pay and salary reviews, fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Park values associates' experience and knowledge to identify enhancement areas.

Career Pathways and Professional Development

At Park, we believe that growth and thriving go hand in hand. Our culture emphasizes compassion over competition, creating an environment where associates feel supported and empowered to own their career journey. Through meaningful development opportunities, we strengthen performance, engagement, and competitiveness - helping both our associates and Park flourish.

Our Learning and Development team plays a critical role in advancing Park’s strategy. By streamlining training, enhancing onboarding, and delivering learning solutions that foster belonging and connection, we ensure every associate has the tools to succeed. These efforts reflect our commitment to grow with our associates, reinforcing Park’s mission to promote long-term prosperity for all stakeholders.

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In 2025, Park introduced Leadership Pathways, a targeted learning program aligned with specific capabilities and competencies designed to strengthen our culture, deepen connections, and equip leaders with the skills to inspire growth. This year, Learning & Development is building on that momentum with the launch of a Manager Onboarding program - a tailored experience that helps new managers quickly acclimate to their role, lead with confidence, and guide teams to succeed.

These initiatives reflect Park’s unwavering commitment to grow with our associates by providing resources and experiences that enable personal and professional success. When our leaders thrive, our teams flourish and together, we advance Park’s mission of long-term prosperity and continued success.

Compensation & Benefits

Park's benefits package is designed to support what matters most to associates, including by investment in family, life/work balance, health and wellbeing, and financial security. Park’s compensation program includes market-aligned salary grades, an annual incentive compensation program for eligible associates, a long-term incentive plan ("LTIP") for select associates, and premium pay for associates working extended hours. Available benefits also include an employee stock ownership plan ("KSOP") with a company matching contribution, defined benefit pension plan, health and life insurance, dependent care assistance, health flexible spending plan, long-term disability plan, paid time off, tuition reimbursement for qualified schooling, and an employee assistance program.

Employee Culture & Retention

Park associates are driven by empathy, compassion, and a genuine desire to serve customers, communities, and colleagues. They value an environment for personal and professional growth, which is why many choose long-term careers with Park. In 2025, Park's voluntary turnover was 15.2%. By the end of the year, 89% of Park associates were shareholders through the organization’s KSOP, which includes a discretionary 50% match for each associate’s regular contribution. Park fosters a listening culture by regularly conducting employee engagement surveys to understand associate perspectives and address concerns. In 2025, 83.0% of our associates participated in the engagement survey. Park’s commitment to associate retention is evident in the organization’s tenure statistics: 36.2% of our associates had been with our organization 10 years or more.

Banking Operations

Park’s banking operations are conducted through Park National Bank, a national banking association. Park National Bank engages in the commercial banking, consumer banking, and wealth management, including trust and investment services. Geographically, Park is focused on small and medium population areas in Ohio, North Carolina, South Carolina, and the metropolitan areas of Columbus, Cincinnati, Charlotte, Louisville, and Raleigh. As of December 31, 2025, Park National Bank operated 87 financial service offices, including 82 branches, in Ohio, Kentucky, North Carolina and South Carolina. Park National Bank delivers financial products and services through its 87 financial service offices and a network of 107 automated teller machines, as well as telephone and internet-based banking by computer or mobile device, including with ParkDirect, a Park National Bank-tailored mobile banking application for Park customers.

There is one reportable operating segment for the Corporation.

SE Property Holdings, LLC ("SEPH")

SEPH, an Ohio limited liability company and Park subsidiary, was organized in 2011 to purchase and sell OREO from Vision Bank. Based on authorization from the Federal Reserve Board, SEPH is permitted to engage in lending activities and succeeded to the lending rights and obligations of Vision Bank when Vision Bank merged into SEPH on February 16, 2012 (the "Vision Bank-SEPH Merger"). SEPH operates in Ohio and other states in which Vision Bank originated loans, focused on selling OREO and resolving problem loans.

Scope Leasing, Inc.

Scope Leasing, Inc. (doing business as “Scope Aircraft Finance”), an Ohio corporation, is a subsidiary of Park National Bank specializing in aircraft financing. Customers of Scope Aircraft Finance include primarily small businesses and entrepreneurs who utilize aircraft for business or pleasure. Scope Aircraft Finance serves customers throughout the U.S.

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Other Subsidiaries

Park Investments, Inc. ("PII"), a subsidiary of Park National Bank, operates as an asset management company. Commencing in 2015, Park began purchasing and holding municipal bonds within PII. As of December 31, 2025, PII held municipal securities with an amortized cost of $220.3 million.

NSCB 2, LLC; X Holdings, LLC; X Holdings Nevada, LLC; and Meadowbrook Holdings, LLC are subsidiaries of Park National Bank that hold certain OREO properties or other nonperforming assets. The operations of these subsidiaries are not significant to the consolidated Park entity.

87A Orange Beach, LLC; Swindall Holdings, LLC; Swindall Partnership Holdings, LLC; Farm Holdings, LLC; Marina Holding WE, LLC; Alabama Apartment Holdings, LLC; and Vision-Park Properties, L.L.C. are subsidiaries of SEPH that hold certain OREO properties. The operations of these subsidiaries are not significant to the consolidated Park entity.

Recent Developments

On February 1, 2026, First Citizens Bancshares, Inc., a Tennessee corporation (“First Citizens”) merged into Park, with Park continuing as the surviving corporation. Immediately following the merger, First Citizens National Bank, a national banking association and a wholly-owned subsidiary of First Citizens, was merged into PNB, with PNB as the surviving bank.

As of January 31, 2026, First Citizens had $2.6 billion in total assets, $1.6 billion in total loans and leases, and $2.2 billion in total deposits. The acquisition was valued at $324.1 million and resulted in Park issuing 1,988,131 Park common shares as consideration for the First Citizens common stock acquired from First Citizens shareholders.

Park’s consolidated assets surpassed $10.0 billion following the First Citizens acquisition. Park expects that the total consolidated assets of Park will continue to exceed $10.0 billion at December 31, 2026, which would bring new Dodd-Frank Act regulatory obligations, including direct supervision and examination by the CFPB for compliance with federal consumer financial laws and caps on debit interchange fees. Park anticipated these changes and has been preparing its systems and processes to ensure a smooth transition.

Services Provided by Park’s Subsidiaries

Park National Bank provides the following principal services:

•the acceptance of deposits for demand, savings, and time accounts, and the servicing of those accounts;

•commercial, industrial, consumer and real estate lending, including installment loans, credit cards (which are offered through a third party), home equity lines of credit, and commercial leasing;

•a national portfolio of loans to non-bank consumer finance companies;

•wealth management, including trust and investment services;

•aircraft financing;

•commercial cash management;

•safe deposit operations;

•electronic funds transfers;

•internet and mobile banking solutions with bill pay service; and

•ParkDirect, a personal banking app.

Park believes that Park National Bank's current deposit mix is diverse enough that the loss of any single customer would not significantly impact Park National Bank's business.

Lending Activities

As of December 31, 2025, Park National Bank deals with consumers and businesses primarily in the 24 Ohio counties, one Kentucky county, five North Carolina counties and four South Carolina counties where Park National Bank has office locations. SEPH, through the Vision Bank-SEPH Merger, manages loans formerly serviced by Vision Bank, with minimal new originations expected. Such origination (or modification) volume has been and is expected to continue to be insignificant to the consolidated Park entity.

To maintain acceptable loan quality, loan decisions are made to align with Park’s written policies and procedures. Park National Bank retains commercial and commercial real estate loans, commercial leases, residential real estate loans, home

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equity lines of credit, and installment loans for its portfolio, and also sells fixed-rate residential real estate loans to the secondary market. Park National Bank acknowledges there are certain risks inherent in making loans. These risks include borrower credit changes, interest rate fluctuations, economic shifts, borrower reliability, and potential changes in collateral value.

Commercial Loans

At December 31, 2025, Park’s subsidiaries (including Scope Aircraft Finance) had approximately $3,453 million in commercial loans (commercial, financial and agricultural loans and commercial real estate loans) and commercial leases outstanding, representing approximately 42.9% of their total aggregate loan portfolio as of that date. Of this amount, approximately $1,212 million represented commercial, financial and agricultural loans, $2,209 million represented commercial real estate loans, and $32 million represented commercial leases.

Commercial loans are made for a wide variety of general corporate purposes, including financing for industrial and commercial properties, financing for equipment, inventory and accounts receivable, acquisition financing, commercial leasing, and loans originated by consumer finance companies. The term of each commercial loan varies by its purpose. Repayment terms are structured such that commercial loans will be repaid within the economic useful life of the underlying asset. Information concerning the loan maturity distribution within the commercial loan portfolio is provided in "Table 8 - Loan Maturity Distribution" included in "ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The commercial loan portfolio of Park’s current subsidiaries includes loans to a wide variety of corporations and businesses across many industrial classifications in the counties where Park National Bank operates, with the exception of nationwide aircraft loans and nationwide asset-based lending to consumer finance companies. The primary industries represented by these customers include real estate rental and leasing; construction; finance and insurance; accommodation and food services; other services (except public administration); health care and social assistance; manufacturing; retail trade; professional, scientific, and technical services; and agriculture forestry, fishing and hunting.

Commercial loans are evaluated for the adequacy of repayment sources at the time of approval and are regularly reviewed for any possible deterioration in the ability of the borrower to repay the loan. The credit information required generally includes, depending on the amount of money lent, financial statements, two years of federal income tax returns and a current credit report. Loan terms include amortization schedules commensurate with the purpose of each loan, identification of the source of each repayment and the risk involved. In most instances, collateral is required to provide an additional source of repayment in the event of default by a commercial borrower. The structure of the collateral package, including the type and amount of the collateral, varies from loan to loan depending on the financial strength of the borrower, the amount and terms of the loan and the collateral available to be pledged by the borrower. Most often, the collateral is inventory, machinery, accounts receivable and/or real estate. The guarantee of the business owners/principals is generally required on loans made to closely-held business entities.

Commercial real estate loans (“CRE loans”) include mortgage loans to developers and owners of commercial real estate. The lending policy for CRE loans is designed to address the unique risk attributes of CRE lending. The collateral for CRE loans is the underlying commercial real estate. Park National Bank generally requires that the CRE loan amount be no more than 85% of the purchase price or the appraised value of the commercial real estate securing the CRE loan, whichever is less. CRE loans made for Park National Bank’s portfolio generally have a variable interest rate. For more information concerning the loan maturity distribution in the CRE loan portfolio, please see "Table 8 - Loan Maturity Distribution" included in "ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The regulatory limit for loans made to one borrower by Park National Bank was $172.3 million at December 31, 2025. Participations in a loan by Park National Bank in an amount larger than $53.0 million are generally sold to third-party banks or financial institutions. While Park National Bank has a loan limit of $172.3 million, the total exposure of the largest single borrower within the commercial portfolio was $75.0 million at December 31, 2025.

Park has an independent, internal loan review program which annually evaluates all commercial loan relationships equal to or greater than $1.0 million, all new commercial loans equal to or greater than $1.0 million in its metropolitan markets of Columbus, Ohio; Cincinnati, Ohio; Louisville, Kentucky; Charlotte, North Carolina; and within its loans to non-bank consumer finance companies and aircraft financing sectors, all new commercial loans equal to or greater than $500,000 in all other markets, and a risk-based sample of commercial relationships less than $1.0 million. If a loan has deteriorated, Park takes

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prompt action designed to increase the likelihood that it will be repaid. Upon detection of the reduced ability of a borrower to service interest and/or principal on a loan, Park may downgrade the loan and, under certain circumstances, place the loan on nonaccrual status. Park then works with the borrower to develop a payment schedule which it anticipates will permit service of the principal and interest on the loan by the borrower. Loans which deteriorate and show the inability of a borrower to repay principal are charged down to the net realizable value of collateral. A collection specialist/work-out officer is available to assist when a credit deteriorates. Information about Park’s policy for placing loans on nonaccrual status is included under the caption “Loans” in "Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements found in "ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Commercial loans are generally viewed as having a higher credit risk than consumer loans because commercial loans typically involve larger loan balances to a single borrower and are more susceptible to a risk of default during an economic downturn. Commercial loans also generally have variable interest rates. Park uses several indices for commercial loans that help determine loan interest rates, but the national prime rate and short-term FHLB of Cincinnati advance rates are the most common indices used. Credit risk for commercial loans arises from borrowers lacking the ability or willingness to pay principal or interest and, in the case of secured loans, by a shortfall in the collateral value in relation to the outstanding loan balance in the event of a default and subsequent liquidation of collateral. The underwriting of generally all commercial loans, regardless of type, includes cash flow analyses with rates shocked by 300 basis points. In the case of commercial loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of each borrower to collect amounts due from the borrower's customers. In the case of Park's commercial loans to non-bank consumer finance companies, the underlying cash flows are supported at times by sub-prime individual borrowers and present a higher level of risk compared to a more typical commercial loan to a business. Other collateral securing commercial loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the borrower’s business. Information concerning the loan loss experience and the allocation of the allowance for credit losses related to the commercial, financial and agricultural loan portfolio, the commercial real estate portfolio and the commercial lease portfolio is provided in "Table 25 - Summary of Loan Credit Loss Experience" and "Table 27 - Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses", respectively, included in "ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS" found in Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Loans to Non-Bank Consumer Finance Companies

At December 31, 2025, Park National Bank had $274 million in loans outstanding to non-bank consumer finance companies. This is a national lending unit of Park National Bank. These asset-based loans are collateralized by cash flows from individuals, typically auto loans issued by a consumer finance company that is, in turn, a borrower from Park National Bank. These loans typically present a higher level of risk due to the underlying collateral and such risks are mitigated by more conservative underwriting and an intensive loan monitoring regimen commensurate with asset-based lending.

Aircraft Financing

Scope Aircraft Finance specializes in aircraft financing. The customers of Scope Aircraft Finance include small businesses and entrepreneurs intending to use the aircraft for business or pleasure. The customers of Scope Aircraft Finance are located throughout the United States. The lending officers of Scope Aircraft Finance are experienced in the aircraft financing industry and rely upon such experience and certain industry guides in determining whether to grant an aircraft loan or lease. At December 31, 2025, Scope Aircraft Finance had $339 million in loans outstanding, primarily secured by aircraft (which are included in the commercial loan portfolio).

Consumer Loans

At December 31, 2025, Park's subsidiaries had outstanding consumer loans (including automobile loans) in an aggregate amount of $1,823 million, constituting approximately 22.6% of their aggregate total loan portfolio. Park makes installment credit available to customers and prospective customers in their primary market areas through direct and indirect loans. Indirect loans are facilitated through automobile and other vehicle dealers; whereas, direct loans are originated through direct customer interaction within Park's regions. For both direct and indirect loans, the final credit decisions are made by Park with the assistance of an automated underwriting platform (system). At December 31, 2025, of the $1,823 million in consumer loans, $1,637 million were originated through indirect lending, while the remaining $186 million were considered direct loans.

Credit approval for direct and indirect consumer loans requires income sufficient to repay principal and interest due, stability of employment, an established credit record and sufficient collateral for secured loans. It is the policy of Park to adhere strictly to all laws and regulations governing consumer lending. A compliance officer, along with the appropriate line of business leaders, is responsible for monitoring performance and advising and updating loan personnel in this area. Loans are

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charged off in accordance with Park's policy. Information about Park’s policy for placing loans on nonaccrual status and charging off loans is included under the caption “Loans” in "Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements found in "ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Consumer loans typically have shorter terms and lower balances with higher yields as compared to real estate mortgage loans, but generally carry higher risks of default. Consumer loan collections are dependent on borrowers' continuing financial stability, and thus are more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on these loans. Information concerning the loan credit loss experience and the allocation of the allowance for credit losses related to the consumer loan portfolio is provided in "Table 25 - Summary of Loan Credit Loss Experience" and "Table 27 - Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses", respectively, included in "ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Residential Real Estate and Construction Loans

At December 31, 2025, Park's subsidiaries had outstanding approximately $2,775 million in construction real estate loans and residential real estate loans, representing approximately 34.5% of total loans outstanding. Of the $2,775 million, approximately $2,376 million was included within the residential real estate loan segment, which included $753 million of commercial loans secured by residential real estate, $1,376 million of mortgage loans, $241 million of home equity lines of credit and $6 million of installment loans. The remaining $399 million was included within the construction real estate loan segment, which included $298 million of commercial land and development loans and $101 million of 1-4 family residential construction loans. The market area for real estate lending by Park National Bank is concentrated in Ohio, Kentucky, North Carolina and South Carolina.

Credit approval for residential real estate loans requires demonstration of sufficient income to repay the principal and interest and the real estate taxes and insurance, stability of employment, an established credit record and a current independent third-party appraisal providing the market value of the real estate securing the loan. Residential real estate loans are generally analyzed through an automated underwriting platform (system) to determine a risk classification. All loans receiving a risk classification of caution require review by a senior lender and generally require additional documentation if the loan is approved.

Park National Bank generally requires that the residential real estate loan amount be no more than 80% of the purchase price or the appraised value of the real estate securing the loan, whichever is less, unless private mortgage insurance is obtained by the borrower. Loans in this lending category that are made to be held in Park National Bank's portfolio are both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate, fully amortized mortgages. The rates used are generally fully-indexed rates. From time to time, Park may offer a limited-time promotional rate on funds advanced on newly-originated home equity lines of credit. Park National Bank also originates fixed-rate real estate loans for sale to the secondary market. Park’s management may decide to retain certain 15-year, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans, rather than sell in the secondary market. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, Park reported $614 million and $586 million, respectively, of 15-year, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans on Park's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Within residential real estate loans, Park National Bank has several special purpose mortgage loan programs to assist borrowers in attaining home ownership. As of December 31, 2025, balances within these special purpose mortgage loan programs totaled $234.2 million. Borrowers within these programs tend to have a lower FICO score when compared to the other loans within the residential real estate portfolio. Many of these programs also require very little, if any, down payment and the overwhelming majority of these loans have a loan-to-value of greater than 90%.

Real estate loans are typically secured by first mortgages with evidence of title in favor of the lender in the form of an attorney’s opinion of title or a title insurance policy. Park National Bank has also required proof of hazard insurance with the lender named as the mortgagee and as the loss payee. Independent third-party appraisals are generally obtained for consumer real estate loans.

Home equity lines of credit are generally secured by second mortgages in favor of Park National Bank. The maximum amount of a home equity line of credit is generally limited to 85% of the appraised value of the property less the balance of the first mortgage. The home equity lines of credit are written with ten-year terms. A variable interest rate is generally charged on the home equity lines of credit.

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Information concerning the loan credit loss experience and the allocation of the allowance for credit losses related to the residential real estate portfolio is provided in "Table 25 - Summary of Loan Credit Loss Experience" and "Table 27 - Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses", respectively, included in "ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Construction loans include commercial construction loans as well as residential construction loans. Construction loans may be in the form of a permanent loan or a short-term construction loan, depending on the needs of the individual borrower. Generally, the permanent construction loans have a variable interest rate although a permanent construction loan may be made with a fixed interest rate for a term generally not exceeding five years. Short-term construction loans are generally made with variable interest rates. Information concerning the loan maturity distribution within the construction financing portfolio is provided in "Table 8 - Loan Maturity Distribution" included in "ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Construction financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk of loss than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction and the estimated cost (including interest) of construction. If the estimate of construction cost proves to be inaccurate, Park National Bank may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the project. If the estimate of value proves inaccurate, Park National Bank may be confronted, at or prior to the maturity of the loan, with a project having a value insufficient to assure full repayment, should the borrower default. In the event a default on a construction loan occurs and foreclosure follows, Park National Bank must take control of the project and attempt either to arrange for completion of construction or to dispose of the unfinished project. Additional risk exists with respect to a loan made to a developer who does not have a buyer for the property, as the developer may lack funds to pay the loan if the property is not sold upon completion. Park National Bank attempts to reduce such risks on loans to developers by requiring personal guarantees and reviewing current personal financial statements and tax returns as well as other projects undertaken by the developer.

Information concerning the loan credit loss experience and the allocation of the allowance for credit losses related to the residential real estate portfolio is provided in "Table 25 - Summary of Loan Credit Loss Experience" and "Table 27 - Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses", respectively, included in "ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

For additional information concerning the loan credit loss experience on all loans, please see “ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS – Economic, Political and Market Risks – Changes in economic and political conditions could adversely affect our earnings and capital through declines in deposits, quality of investment securities, loan demand, our borrowers’ ability to repay loans, and the value of the collateral securing our loans.” and “– Business Operations Risks – Our allowance for credit losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb the expected, lifetime losses in our loan portfolio.” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

SEPH

SEPH is a non-bank subsidiary of Park that holds OREO property and non-performing loans. SEPH held non-performing loans that were fully charged off as of December 31, 2025, all of which were on nonaccrual status. SEPH has one office in Licking County, Ohio. The SEPH employees work with a third-party work-out specialist to ensure effective and efficient resolution to the non-performing loans and OREO, while working closely with the borrowers of the loans to maximize collection efforts.

Competition

The financial services industry is highly competitive. Park’s subsidiaries compete with other local, regional and national service providers, including banks, savings associations, credit unions and other types of financial institutions and finance companies. Other competitors include securities dealers, brokers, mortgage bankers, investment advisors and financial services subsidiaries of commercial and manufacturing companies. Competition for quality customers has intensified as a result of changes in regulations, mergers and acquisitions, advances in technology and product delivery systems, consolidation among financial service providers, bank failures and the conversion of former investment banks to bank holding companies.

The primary factors in competing for loans are the terms of the loan, interest rates charged and overall services provided to borrowers. The primary factors in competing for deposits are interest rates paid on deposits, account liquidity, convenience and hours of office locations, convenience and availability of mobile banking options, and accessibility to trained and competent staff. Competitors of Park may have greater resources and, as such, additional technology offerings and higher

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lending limits, which may adversely affect the ability of Park to compete. In addition, certain nonfinancial institutions with which Park competes enjoy the benefits of fewer regulatory constraints, broader geographic service areas, greater capital and lower cost structures. Financial technology companies, or "fintechs," are also providing nontraditional, but increasingly strong competition for our borrowers, depositors and other customers. Digital assets and cryptocurrencies also operate as competitors, as many of these digital assets and cryptocurrencies seek to provide payment functionality. Many customers either hold or may consider holding money that would typically be held in deposit accounts or investments in the form of digital assets or cryptocurrencies, which serves as competition for deposits.

Associates

At December 31, 2025, Park and its subsidiaries had 1,731 active associates, consisting of 1,589 full-time and 142 part-time, resulting in 1,694 full-time equivalent associates.

Supervision and Regulation of Park and Park's Subsidiaries

Park, Park National Bank and Park’s other subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation by federal and state agencies. The regulation of financial holding companies and their subsidiaries is intended primarily for the protection of consumers, depositors, borrowers, the Deposit Insurance Fund (the "DIF") of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") and the banking system as a whole and not for the protection of shareholders. Applicable laws and regulations restrict permissible activities and investments and require actions to protect loan, deposit, brokerage, fiduciary and other customers, as well as the DIF. Such laws and regulations may also restrict Park’s ability to repurchase its common shares or to receive dividends from Park National Bank and may impose capital adequacy and liquidity requirements.

As a financial holding company, Park is subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve Board under the Bank Holding Company Act and to inspection, examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board. Park is also subject to the disclosure and regulatory requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and the Exchange Act, as administered by the SEC. Park’s common shares are listed on NYSE American under the trading symbol “PRK,” which subjects Park to the requirements under the applicable sections of the NYSE American Company Guide for listed companies.

Park National Bank, as a national banking association, is subject to regulation, supervision and examination primarily by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC") and secondarily by the FDIC. However, if Park National Bank's assets exceed $10.0 billion for four consecutive quarters, Park National Bank will be subject to supervision and examination by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the "CFPB").

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended (the "Dodd-Frank Act"), established the CFPB, which regulates consumer financial products and services and certain financial services providers. The CFPB is authorized to prevent unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices and ensures consistent enforcement of laws so that consumers have access to fair, transparent and competitive markets for consumer financial products and services. Since its establishment, the CFPB has extensively exercised its rulemaking and interpretative authority.

As a subsidiary of Park, SEPH is also subject to inspection, examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board.

The following information describes selected federal and state statutory and regulatory provisions and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such provisions. These statutes and regulations are continually under review by the U.S. Congress and state legislatures and federal and state regulatory agencies. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to Park and Park's subsidiaries could have a material effect on their respective businesses.

Regulation of Financial Holding Companies

As a financial holding company, Park’s activities are subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve Board. Park is subject to regular examinations by the Federal Reserve Board and is required to file reports and such additional information as the Federal Reserve Board may require.

The Federal Reserve Board also has enforcement authority over financial holding companies, including, but not limited to, the ability to:

•assess civil money penalties;

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•issue cease and desist or removal orders; and

•require that a financial holding company divest subsidiaries (including a subsidiary bank).

In general, the Federal Reserve Board may initiate enforcement actions for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices.

A financial holding company is required by law and Federal Reserve Board policy to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to each subsidiary bank and to commit resources to support each such subsidiary bank. The Federal Reserve Board may require a financial holding company to contribute additional capital to an undercapitalized subsidiary bank and may disapprove of the payment of dividends to shareholders if the Federal Reserve Board believes the payment of such dividends would be an unsafe or unsound practice.

The Bank Holding Company Act requires the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board in any case where a financial holding company proposes to:

•acquire direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any bank that is not already majority-owned by the financial holding company;

•acquire all or substantially all of the assets of another bank or another financial or bank holding company; or

•merge or consolidate with any other financial or bank holding company.

A qualifying bank holding company may elect to become a financial holding company and thereby affiliate with securities firms and insurance companies and engage in other activities that are financial in nature and not otherwise permissible for a bank holding company, if: (i) the holding company is "well managed" and "well capitalized" and (ii) each of its subsidiary banks (a) is well capitalized under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Act of 1991 prompt corrective action provisions, (b) is well managed, and (c) has at least a "satisfactory" rating under the Community Reinvestment Act (the “CRA”). Park became a financial holding company in 2014. No regulatory approval is required for a financial holding company to acquire a company, other than a bank or savings association, engaged in activities that are financial in nature or incidental to activities that are financial in nature, as determined by the Federal Reserve Board.

The Financial Services Modernization Act defines “financial in nature” to include:

•securities underwriting, dealing and market making;

•sponsoring mutual funds and investment companies;

•insurance underwriting and agency;

•merchant banking; and

•activities that the Federal Reserve Board has determined to be closely related to banking.

A national bank also may engage, subject to limitations on investment, in activities that are financial in nature, other than insurance underwriting, insurance company portfolio investment, real estate development and real estate investment, through a financial subsidiary of the bank if the bank is well capitalized and well managed and has at least a satisfactory CRA rating. If a financial holding company or a subsidiary bank fails to maintain all requirements for the holding company to maintain financial holding company status, material restrictions may be placed on the activities of the holding company and its subsidiaries and on the ability of the holding company to enter into certain transactions and obtain regulatory approvals for new activities and transactions. The holding company could also be required to divest itself of subsidiaries that engage in activities that are not permitted for bank holding companies that are not financial holding companies. If restrictions are imposed on the activities of a financial holding company, the existence of such restrictions may not be made publicly available pursuant to confidentiality regulations of the bank regulatory agencies.

Each subsidiary bank of a financial holding company is subject to certain restrictions on the maintenance of reserves against deposits, extensions of credit to the financial holding company and its subsidiaries, investments in the stock and other securities of the financial holding company and its subsidiaries and the taking of such stock and securities as collateral for loans to borrowers. Further, a financial holding company and its subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tying

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arrangements in connection with any extension of credit, lease or sale of property or furnishing of any services. Various consumer laws and regulations also affect the operations of these subsidiaries.

In April 2020, the Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule to revise its regulations related to determinations of whether a company has the ability to exercise a controlling influence over another company for purposes of the Bank Holding Company Act. The final rule expands and codifies the presumptions for use in such determinations. By codifying the presumptions, the final rule provides greater transparency on the types of relationships that the Federal Reserve Board generally views as supporting a facts-and-circumstances determination that one company controls another company. The Federal Reserve Board’s final rule applies to questions of control under the Bank Holding Company Act, but does not extend to the Change in Bank Control Act.

Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act

The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the "Regulatory Relief Act") repealed or modified certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and eased restrictions on all but the largest banks (those with consolidated assets in excess of $250 billion). Bank holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $100 billion, including Park, are no longer subject to enhanced prudential standards. The Regulatory Relief Act also relieves bank holding companies and banks with consolidated assets of less than $100 billion, including Park, from certain record-keeping, reporting and disclosure requirements.

Transactions with Affiliates, Directors, Executive Officers and Shareholders

Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and Federal Reserve Board Regulation W generally:

•limit the extent to which a bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10.0% of the bank's capital stock and surplus;

•limit the extent to which a bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with all affiliates to an amount equal to 20.0% of the bank's capital stock and surplus; and

•require that all such transactions be on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable to the bank or subsidiary, as those provided to a non-affiliate.

An affiliate of a bank is any company or entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the bank. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans to the affiliate, the purchase of assets from the affiliate, the issuance of a guarantee on behalf of the affiliate, the purchase of securities issued by the affiliate and other similar types of transactions.

A bank’s authority to extend credit to executive officers, directors and greater than 10.0% shareholders, as well as entities such persons control, is subject to Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O promulgated thereunder by the Federal Reserve Board. Among other things, these loans must be made on terms (including interest rates charged and collateral required) substantially similar to those offered to unaffiliated individuals or be made as part of a benefit or compensation program on terms widely available to employees and must not involve a greater than normal risk of repayment. In addition, the amount of loans a bank may make to these persons is based, in part, on the bank’s capital position, and specified approval procedures must be followed in making loans which exceed specified amounts.

Regulation of Nationally-Chartered Banks

As a national banking association, Park National Bank is subject to regulation under the National Bank Act and is periodically examined by the OCC. OCC regulations govern permissible activities, capital requirements, dividend limitations, investments, loans and other matters. Furthermore, Park National Bank is subject, as a member bank, to certain rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board, many of which restrict activities and prescribe documentation to protect consumers. Park National Bank is an insured depository institution and a member of the DIF. As a result, it is subject to regulation and deposit insurance assessments by the FDIC. In addition, the establishment of branches by Park National Bank is subject to prior approval of the OCC. The OCC has broad enforcement powers over national banks, including the power to impose fines and other civil and criminal penalties and to appoint a conservator or receiver if any of a number of conditions are met.

The CFPB regulates consumer financial products and services provided by Park National Bank through regulations designed to protect consumers. Currently, the OCC is primarily responsible for examining Park National Bank’s compliance

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with the CFPB regulations and federal consumer financial protection laws. However, if Park's assets exceed $10.0 billion for four consecutive quarters, the CFPB would become primarily responsible for examining this compliance.

Federal Deposit Insurance

The FDIC is an independent federal agency which insures the deposits, up to prescribed statutory limits, of federally-insured banks and savings associations and safeguards the safety and soundness of the financial institution industry. The general insurance limit is $250,000 per separately insured depositor. This insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.

As insurer, the FDIC is authorized to conduct examinations of and to require reporting by insured institutions, including Park National Bank, to prohibit any insured institution from engaging in any activity the FDIC determines by regulation or order to pose a threat to the DIF, and to take enforcement actions against insured institutions. The FDIC may terminate insurance of deposits of any insured institution if the FDIC finds that the insured institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC or any other regulatory agency.

The FDIC assesses a quarterly deposit insurance premium on each insured institution based on perceived risk characteristics of the insured institution to the DIF, with institutions deemed less risky paying lower rates. Currently, assessments for institutions of less than $10.0 billion of total assets are based on financial measures and supervisory ratings derived from statistical models estimating the probability of failure within three years. The FDIC may increase or decrease the range of assessments uniformly, except that no adjustment can deviate more than two basis points from the base assessment rate without notice and comment rulemaking. The FDIC may also impose special assessments in emergency situations. The premiums fund the DIF.

The FDIC has established 2.0% as the designated reserve ratio ("DRR"), which is the amount in the DIF as a percentage of all DIF insured deposits. In March 2016, the FDIC adopted final rules designed to meet the statutory minimum DRR of 1.35%. Because the DRR fell below the minimum DRR the FDIC adopted a restoration plan requiring the restoration of the DRR to 1.35% within eight years of the plan establishment, by September 30, 2028. Then the FDIC adopted a final rule in October 2022 increasing the assessment rate from three basis points to five basis points beginning with the first quarterly assessment period of 2023 (i.e., January 1 through March 31, 2023). The revised rate schedules are intended to increase the likelihood that the DRR reaches the statutory minimum level of 1.35% by September 30, 2028. As of December 31, 2025, the DRR was above the statutory minimum of 1.35%.

The FDIC rules further changed the method of determining risk-based assessment rates for established banks with less than $10.0 billion in assets to better ensure that banks taking on greater risks pay more for deposit insurance than banks that take on less risk. In the event Park’s total consolidated assets exceed $10.0 billion for four consecutive quarters, Park National Bank will become subject to the FDIC’s large bank pricing methodology, which may result in a different, and potentially higher, assessment rate.

Federal Home Loan Bank

The Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”) provide credit to their members in the form of advances. Park National Bank is a member of the FHLB of Cincinnati. As an FHLB member, Park National Bank must maintain an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB of Cincinnati.

Upon the origination or renewal of a loan or advance, each FHLB is required by law to obtain and maintain a security interest in certain types of collateral. Each FHLB is required to establish standards of community investment or service that its members must maintain for continued access to long-term advances from the FHLB. The standards take into account a member’s performance under the CRA, and the member’s record of lending to first-time home buyers.

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Regulatory Capital

The Federal Reserve Board has adopted risk-based capital guidelines for financial holding companies and other bank holding companies as well as state member banks. The OCC and the FDIC have adopted risk-based capital guidelines for national banks and state non-member banks, respectively. The guidelines provide a systematic analytical framework which makes regulatory capital requirements sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banking organizations, takes off-balance sheet exposures expressly into account in evaluating capital adequacy, and minimizes disincentives to holding liquid, low-risk assets. Capital levels, as measured by these standards, are also used to categorize financial institutions for purposes of certain prompt corrective action regulatory provisions.

In July 2013, the U.S. banking regulators issued capital rules applicable to smaller banking organizations which also implement certain of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act (the “Basel III Capital Rules”). The Basel III Capital Rules include: (i) a minimum common equity tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a minimum tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%; (iii) a minimum total capital ratio of 8.0%; and (iv) a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%.

Common equity for the common equity tier 1 capital ratio generally consists of common stock (plus related surplus), retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income (unless an institution elects to exclude such income from regulatory capital), and limited amounts of minority interests in the form of common stock, subject to applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions.

Tier 1 capital generally consists of common equity as defined for the common equity tier 1 capital ratio, plus certain non-cumulative preferred stock and related surplus, cumulative preferred stock and related surplus, trust preferred securities that have been grandfathered (but which are not otherwise permitted), and limited amounts of minority interests in the form of additional tier 1 capital instruments, less certain deductions.

Tier 2 capital, which can be included in the total capital ratio, generally consists of other preferred stock and subordinated debt meeting certain conditions plus limited amounts of the allowance for credit losses, subject to specified eligibility criteria, less applicable deductions.

The deductions from common equity tier 1 capital include goodwill and other intangibles, certain deferred tax assets, mortgage-servicing assets above certain levels, gains on sale in connection with a securitization, investments in a banking organization’s own capital instruments and investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions (above certain levels).

Under the guidelines, capital is compared to the relative risk included in the balance sheet. To derive the risk included in the balance sheet, one of several risk weights is applied to different balance sheet and off-balance sheet assets, primarily based on the relative credit risk of the counterparty. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

The Basel III Capital Rules also place restrictions on the payment of capital distributions, including dividends and stock repurchases, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers if the banking organization does not hold a capital conservation buffer of greater than 2.5% composed of common equity tier 1 capital above its minimum risk-based capital requirements, or if its eligible retained income is negative in that quarter and its capital conservation buffer ratio was less than 2.5% at the beginning of the quarter.

In September 2019, consistent with Section 201 of the Regulatory Relief Act, the Federal Reserve Board, along with the other federal bank regulatory agencies, issued a final rule, effective January 1, 2020, that gave community banks, including Park National Bank, the option to calculate a simple leverage ratio to measure capital adequacy, if the community banks met certain requirements. Under the rule, a community bank was eligible to elect the Community Bank Leverage Ratio (“CBLR”) framework if it had less than $10.0 billion in total consolidated assets, limited amounts of certain trading assets and liabilities, limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures and a leverage ratio greater than 9.0%. Pursuant to the CARES Act, on August 26, 2020, the federal banking agencies adopted a final rule, effective on October 1, 2020, that temporarily lowered the CBLR threshold and provided a gradual transition back to the prior level. Specifically, the CBLR threshold was reduced to 8.0% for the remainder of 2020, increased to 8.5% for 2021, and returned to 9.0% on January 1, 2022. Park did not utilize the CBLR in assessing capital adequacy.

In October 2021, effective in November 2021, the FDIC issued a final rule to incorporate the CBLR rule into the Real Estate Lending Standards. This rule calculates the ratio of loans in excess of the supervisory loan-to-value limits (“LTV Limits”) using tier 1 capital plus the appropriate allowance for credit losses in the denominator. This rule was adopted to allow

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a consistent approach for calculating the ratio of loans in excess of the supervisory LTV Limits at all FDIC supervised institutions, and to avoid any regulatory burden that could arise if an FDIC supervised institution subsequently decides to switch between different capital frameworks.

The federal banking agencies have established a system of prompt corrective action to resolve certain of the problems of undercapitalized depository institutions. This system is based on five capital level categories for insured depository institutions: “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized,” and “critically undercapitalized.”

The federal banking agencies may (or in some cases must) take certain supervisory actions depending upon a bank’s capital level. For example, the federal banking agencies must appoint a receiver or conservator for a bank within 90 days after the bank becomes “critically undercapitalized” unless the bank’s primary regulator determines, with the concurrence of the FDIC, that other action would better achieve regulatory purposes. Banking operations otherwise may be significantly affected depending on a bank’s capital category. For example, a bank that is not “well capitalized” generally is prohibited from accepting brokered deposits and offering interest rates on deposits higher than the prevailing rate in its market, and the holding company of any undercapitalized depository institution must guarantee, in part, specific aspects of the bank’s capital plan for the plan to be acceptable.

In order to be “well-capitalized,” a bank must have a common equity tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6.5%, a total risk-based capital of at least 10.0%, a tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0% and a leverage ratio of at least 5.0%, and the bank must not be subject to any written agreement, order, capital directive or prompt corrective action directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. Park’s management believes that Park National Bank meets the ratio requirements to be deemed “well-capitalized” according to the guidelines described above. See "Note 27 - Capital Ratios" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements found in "ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Fiscal and Monetary Policies

The business and earnings of Park and Park's subsidiaries are affected significantly by the fiscal policies of the U.S. government and its agencies. Park National Bank is particularly affected by the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve Board, which regulates the supply of money and credit in the U.S. primarily through open market operations in U.S. government securities, changes in the discount rate on bank borrowings, and changes in the reserve requirements against deposits of depository institutions. These policies are used in varying degrees and combinations to directly affect the overall growth and distribution of bank loans, investments and deposits, as well as the interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits. In light of the changing conditions in the U.S. economy, including with respect to inflation, the money markets and the activities of fiscal and monetary authorities, Park can make no definitive predictions as to future changes in interest rates, credit availability or deposit levels.

Limits on Dividends and Other Payments

There are various legal limitations on the extent to which a subsidiary bank may finance or otherwise supply funds to its parent holding company. Under applicable federal and state laws, a subsidiary bank may not, subject to certain limited exceptions, make loans or extensions of credit to, or investments in the securities of, its parent holding company. A subsidiary bank is also subject to collateral security requirements for any loan or extension of credit permitted by such exceptions.

The ability of Park to obtain funds for the payment of dividends and for other cash requirements is largely dependent on the amount of dividends which may be declared by Park National Bank. The Federal Reserve Board also expects Park to serve as a source of strength to Park National Bank, which may require Park to retain capital for further investment in Park National Bank, rather than pay dividends to the Park shareholders.

Park National Bank may not pay dividends out of its surplus if, after paying these dividends, Park National Bank would fail to satisfy all of the capital adequacy regulations and guidelines established by the OCC, including having a capital conservation buffer that is greater than 2.5%. In addition, Park National Bank must have the approval of the OCC if a dividend in any year would cause the total dividends for that year to exceed the sum of Park National Bank’s net income for the current year and the retained net income for the preceding two years, less required transfers to surplus. Payment of dividends by Park National Bank may be restricted at any time at the discretion of its regulatory authorities, if such regulatory authorities deem such dividends to constitute unsafe and/or unsound banking practices or if necessary to maintain adequate capital. These provisions could have the effect of limiting Park’s ability to pay dividends on Park's common shares.

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At December 31, 2025, approximately $177.3 million of the total shareholders’ equity of Park National Bank was available for payment to Park without the approval of the OCC. See "Note 24 - Dividend Restrictions" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements found in "ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Federal Reserve Board has also issued a policy statement with regard to the payment of cash dividends by financial holding companies and other bank holding companies. The policy statement provides that, as a matter of prudent banking, a financial holding company or bank holding company should not maintain a rate of cash dividends unless its net income available to common shareholders over the past year has been sufficient to fully fund the dividends, and the prospective rate of earnings retention appears to be consistent with the financial holding company's or bank holding company’s capital needs, asset quality, and overall financial condition. Accordingly, a financial holding company or a bank holding company should not pay cash dividends that exceed its net income or that can only be funded in ways that weaken the financial holding company's or bank holding company’s financial health, such as by borrowing. In addition, Park may not pay dividends that would cause Park to fail to satisfy the capital adequacy regulations applicable to bank holding companies which qualify as financial holding companies, including having a capital conservation buffer that is greater than 2.5%.

The Federal Reserve Board requires all depository institutions to maintain reserves at specified levels against their transaction accounts, primarily checking accounts. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent effective on March 26, 2020, to support lending to households and businesses. At December 31, 2025, the reserve requirement ratio remains at zero percent.

Volcker Rule

The Volcker Rule provision of the Dodd-Frank Act (the "Volcker Rule") placed limits on the trading activity of insured depository institutions and entities affiliated with depository institutions, subject to certain exceptions. Such trading activity included the purchase or sale as principal of a security, derivative, commodity future, option or similar instrument in order to benefit from short-term price movements or to realize short-term profits. The Volcker Rule exempted trading in specified U.S. government, agency, state and/or municipal obligations. The Volcker Rule also excepted (i) trading conducted in certain capacities, including as a broker or other agent, through a deferred compensation or pension plan, as a fiduciary on behalf of customers; (ii) trading to satisfy a debt previously contracted; (iii) trading under certain repurchase and securities lending agreements; and (iv) trading in connection with risk-mitigating hedging activities. In addition, the Volcker Rule prohibited a banking entity from having an ownership interest in, or certain relationships with, a hedge fund or private equity fund, also known as “covered funds,” subject to a number of exceptions.

Community banks with $10.0 billion or less in total consolidated assets and total trading assets and liabilities of 5.0% or less of total consolidated assets were excluded from the restrictions of the Volcker Rule. However, in the event Park’s total consolidated assets exceed $10.0 billion for four consecutive quarters, Park National Bank will become subject to the Volcker Rule. On June 25, 2020, the federal bank regulatory agencies also finalized a rule modifying the Volcker Rule’s prohibition on banking entities investing in or sponsoring covered funds. Such rule permits certain banking entities to offer financial services and engage in other activities that do not raise concerns that the Volcker Rule was originally intended to address.

To the extent that Park National Bank engages in any of the trading activities or has any ownership interest in or relationship with any of the types of funds regulated by the Volcker Rule, Park National Bank believes that its activities and relationships comply with such rule, as amended.

Financial Privacy Provisions

Federal and state regulations limit the ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose non-public information about consumers to non-affiliated third parties. These limitations require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to a non-affiliated third party. These regulations affect how consumer information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and is conveyed to outside vendors.

Park National Bank is also subject to regulatory guidelines establishing standards for safeguarding customer information. These guidelines describe the federal bank regulatory agencies' expectations for the creation, implementation and maintenance of an information security program, which is to include administrative, technical and physical safeguards appropriate to the size and complexity of the institution and the nature and scope of its activities. The standards set forth in the guidelines are intended to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information, protect against any

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anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such records and protect against unauthorized access to or use of such records or information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer.

Cybersecurity

In March 2015, federal regulators issued two related statements regarding cybersecurity. One statement indicates that financial institutions should design multiple layers of security controls to establish several lines of defense and to ensure that their risk management processes also address the risk posed by compromised customer credentials, including security measures to reliably authenticate customers accessing internet-based services of the financial institution. The other statement indicates that a financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient business continuity planning processes to ensure the rapid recovery, resumption and maintenance of the financial institution’s operations after a cybersecurity attack involving destructive malware. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations and address rebuilding network capabilities and restoring data if the financial institution or its critical service providers fall victim to this type of cybersecurity attack. If Park National Bank fails to observe the regulatory guidance, it could be subject to various regulatory sanctions, including financial penalties.

In November 2021, the OCC, the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC issued a final rule that became effective in May 2022, requiring banking organizations that experience a computer-security incident to notify certain entities. A computer-security incident occurs when actual or potential harm to the confidentiality, integrity or availability of an information system or the information occurs, or there is a violation or imminent threat of a violation to banking security policies and procedures. The affected bank must notify its respective federal regulator of the computer-security incident as soon as possible and no later than 36 hours after the bank determines a computer-security incident that rises to the level of a notification incident has occurred. These notifications are intended to promote early awareness of threats to banking organizations and will help banks react to those threats before they manifest into larger incidents. This rule also requires bank service providers to notify their bank organization customers of a computer-security incident that has caused, or is reasonably likely to cause, a material service disruption or degradation for four or more hours.

On July 26, 2023, the SEC adopted final rules that require public companies to promptly disclose material cybersecurity incidents in a Current Report on Form 8-K and detailed information regarding their cybersecurity risk management, strategy, and governance on an annual basis in an Annual Report on Form 10-K. Companies are required to report on Form 8-K any cybersecurity incident they determine to be material within four business days of making that determination. See “ITEM 1C CYBERSECURITY”. These SEC rules, and any other regulatory guidance, are in addition to notification and disclosure requirements under state and federal banking law and regulations

Furthermore, once final rules are adopted, the Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act, enacted in March 2022, will require certain covered entities to report a covered cyber incident to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (“CISA”) within 72 hours after a covered entity reasonably believes an incident has occurred. Separate reporting to CISA will also be required within 24 hours if a ransom payment is made as a result of a ransomware attack.

State regulators have also been increasingly active in implementing privacy and cybersecurity standards and regulations. Recently, several states have adopted regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity programs and providing detailed requirements with respect to these programs, including data encryption requirements. Many states have also recently implemented or modified their data breach notification and data privacy requirements. Park expects this trend of state-level activity in those areas to continue, and continues to monitor developments in the states in which our customers are located.

In the ordinary course of business, Park relies on electronic communications and information systems to conduct its operations and to store sensitive data. Park employs an in-depth, layered, defensive approach that leverages people, processes, encryption and multi-factor authentication technology to manage and maintain cybersecurity controls. Park employs a variety of preventative and detective tools to monitor, block and provide alerts regarding suspicious activity, as well as to report on any suspected advanced persistent threats. Notwithstanding the strength of Park’s defensive measures, the threat from cybersecurity attacks is severe, attacks are sophisticated and increasing in volume, and attackers respond rapidly to changes in defensive measures. While to date, Park has not detected a significant compromise, significant data loss or any material financial losses related to cybersecurity attacks, Park’s systems and those of its customers and third-party service providers are under constant threat and it is possible that Park could experience a significant event in the future. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these

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threats, as well as due to the expanding use of internet banking, mobile banking and other technology-based products and services by us and our customers. See “ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS” for a further discussion of risks related to cybersecurity.

Anti-Money Laundering and the Patriot Act

A major focus of governmental policy on financial institutions in recent years has been aimed at combating money laundering and terrorist financing. The Uniting and Strengthening of America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, as amended (the “Patriot Act”), substantially broadened the scope of U.S. anti-money laundering laws and regulations by imposing significant new compliance and due diligence obligations, creating new crimes and penalties and expanding the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. The Patriot Act gives the U.S. government powers to address terrorist threats through enhanced domestic security measures, expanded surveillance powers, increased information sharing and broadened anti-money laundering requirements. Title III of the Patriot Act encourages information sharing among bank regulatory agencies and law enforcement bodies. Further, certain provisions of Title III impose affirmative obligations on a broad range of financial institutions. Among other requirements, Title III and related regulations require regulated financial institutions to establish a program specifying procedures for obtaining identifying information from customers seeking to open new accounts and establish enhanced due diligence policies, procedures and controls designed to detect and report suspicious activity. Park National Bank has established policies and procedures that Park National Bank believes comply with the requirements of the Patriot Act.

The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (the "AMLA"), which amends the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 (the "BSA"), was enacted in January 2021. The AMLA is intended to be a comprehensive reform and modernization to U.S. bank secrecy and anti-money laundering laws. Among other things, it codifies a risk-based approach to anti-money laundering compliance for financial institutions; requires the development of standards for evaluating technology and internal processes for BSA compliance; and expands enforcement-related and investigation-related authority, including increasing available sanctions for certain BSA violations and instituting BSA whistleblower initiatives and protections.

Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation

The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions against targeted foreign countries and regimes, under authority of various laws, including designated foreign countries, nationals and others. OFAC publishes lists of specially designated targets and countries. Park is responsible for, among other things, blocking accounts of, and transactions with, such targets and countries, prohibiting unlicensed trade and financial transactions with them and reporting blocked transactions after their occurrence. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious financial, legal and reputational consequences, including causing applicable bank regulatory authorities not to approve merger or acquisition transactions when regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required. Regulatory authorities have imposed cease and desist orders and civil money penalties against institutions found to be violating these obligations.

Community Reinvestment Act

The CRA requires Park National Bank's primary federal regulatory agency, the OCC, to assess Park National Bank's record in meeting the credit needs of the communities served by Park National Bank consistent with safe and sound banking practice. Under the CRA, each depository institution is required to help meet the credit needs of its market area by, among other things, providing credit to low-income and moderate-income individuals and communities. Depository institutions are periodically examined for compliance with the CRA and are assigned ratings that must be publically disclosed. The OCC assigns one of four ratings: outstanding, satisfactory, needs to improve or substantial noncompliance. The rating assigned to a financial institution is considered in connection with various applications submitted by the financial institution or its holding company to its banking regulators, including applications to acquire another financial institution or to open or close a branch office. In addition, all subsidiary banks of a financial holding company must maintain a satisfactory or outstanding rating in order for the financial holding company to avoid limitations on its activities. Park National Bank received a rating of "satisfactory" in its latest CRA examination.

Corporate Governance

As mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, the SEC has adopted rules and regulations governing, among other issues, corporate governance, auditing and accounting, executive compensation and enhanced and timely disclosure of corporate information. NYSE American has also adopted corporate governance rules. The Board of Directors of Park has taken a series of actions to strengthen and improve Park’s already strong corporate governance practices in light of the rules of the SEC and NYSE American. The Board of Directors has adopted and annually reviews charters for the Audit

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Committee, the Compensation Committee, the Executive Committee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (including as Exhibit A thereto, Corporate Governance Guidelines) and the Risk Committee, as well as a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics governing the directors, officers and associates of Park and Park's subsidiaries.

Executive and Incentive Compensation

The Dodd-Frank Act requires that the federal bank regulatory agencies, including the Federal Reserve Board and the OCC, establish joint regulations or guidelines related to incentive-based compensation. No final rule implementing this provision of the Dodd-Frank Act has, as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, been adopted, but a proposed rule was published in 2016, and again in 2024, that expanded upon a prior proposed rule published in 2011. The proposed rule is intended to: (i) prohibit incentive-based payment arrangements that the bank regulatory agencies determine could encourage certain financial institutions to take inappropriate risks by providing excessive compensation or that could lead to material financial loss; (ii) require the board of directors of those financial institutions to take certain oversight actions related to incentive-based compensation; and (iii) require those financial institutions to disclose information concerning incentive-based compensation arrangements to the appropriate federal regulator. Although a final rule has not been issued, Park and Park National Bank have undertaken efforts to ensure that their incentive compensation plans do not encourage inappropriate risks, consistent with the principles identified above.

In June 2010, the Federal Reserve Board, the OCC and the FDIC issued comprehensive final guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The guidance, which covers all employees that have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization, either individually or as part of a group, is based upon the key principles that a banking organization's incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that do not encourage risk-taking beyond the organization's ability to effectively identify and manage risks, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization's board of directors. These three principles are incorporated into the proposed joint compensation regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act, described above.

The Federal Reserve Board and the OCC review, as part of their respective regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as Park and Park National Bank, that are not "large, complex banking organizations." These reviews are tailored to each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization's activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. Deficiencies will be incorporated into the organization's supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization's ability to make acquisitions and take other actions. Enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization's safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.

Public company compensation committee members must meet heightened independence requirements and consider the independence of compensation consultants, legal counsel and other advisors to the compensation committee. A compensation committee must have the authority to hire advisors and the public company must fund the reasonable compensation of such advisors.

SEC regulations require public companies to provide various disclosures about executive compensation in annual reports and proxy statements and to present to their shareholders a non-binding vote on the approval of executive compensation.

Public companies are required to adopt and implement "clawback" policies for incentive compensation payments and to disclose the details of the procedures which allow recovery of incentive compensation that was paid on the basis of erroneous financial information necessitating an accounting restatement due to material noncompliance with financial reporting requirements. This clawback policy is intended to apply to compensation paid within the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date the issuer is required to prepare a restatement and would cover all executives (including former executives) who received incentive awards. Park has adopted and implemented a clawback policy.

Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations

Banks are subject to regular examination to ensure compliance with federal consumer protection statutes and regulations, including, but not limited to, the following:

•Equal Credit Opportunity Act (prohibiting discrimination in any credit transaction on the basis of any of various criteria)

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•Truth in Lending Act (requiring that credit terms be disclosed in a manner that permits a consumer to understand and compare credit terms more readily and knowledgeably)

•Fair Housing Act (making it unlawful for a lender to discriminate in its housing-related lending activities against any person on the basis of certain criteria)

•Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (requiring financial institutions to collect data that enables regulatory agencies to determine whether financial institutions are serving the housing credit needs of the communities in which they are located)

•Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (requiring that lenders provide borrowers with disclosures regarding the nature and cost of real estate settlements and prohibits abusive practices that increase borrowers' costs)

•Fair Credit Reporting Act (governing the provision of consumer information to credit reporting agencies and the use of consumer information)

•Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies)

•Truth in Savings Act (requiring disclosure of deposit terms to consumers)

•Electronic Funds Transfer Act (governing automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers' rights and liabilities arising from the use of ATMs and other electronic banking services)

The bank regulators also use their authority under the Federal Trade Commission Act to take supervisory or enforcement action with respect to unfair or deceptive acts or practices by banks that may not necessarily fall within the scope of a specific banking or consumer finance law.

Legislative and Regulatory Initiatives

From time to time, various legislative and regulatory initiatives are introduced in the U.S. Congress and state legislatures, as well as by regulatory agencies. Such initiatives may include proposals to expand or contract the powers of bank holding companies and depository institutions or proposals to substantially change the financial institution regulatory system. Such legislation could change banking statutes and the operating environment of Park and Park National Bank in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, such legislation could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions and other financial institutions. Park cannot predict whether any such legislation will be enacted, and, if enacted, the effect that such legislation, or any implementing regulations, would have on the financial condition or results of operations of Park. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to Park or any of Park's subsidiaries could have a material effect on Park's business, financial condition and results of operations.

Effect of Environmental Regulation

Compliance with federal, state and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, has not had a material effect upon the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of Park and Park's subsidiaries. Park believes the nature of the operations of Park's subsidiaries has little, if any, environmental impact. As a result, Park, anticipates no material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities for Park's current fiscal year or for the foreseeable future.

Park believes its primary exposure to environmental risk is through the lending activities of Park's subsidiaries. In cases where management believes environmental risk potentially exists, Park’s subsidiaries mitigate their environmental risk exposures by requiring environmental site assessments at the time of loan origination to confirm collateral quality as to commercial real estate parcels posing higher than normal potential for environmental impact, as determined by reference to present and past uses of the subject property and adjacent sites. In addition, environmental assessments are typically required prior to any foreclosure activity involving non-residential real estate collateral.

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