# PENN Entertainment, Inc. (PENN) FY 2024 MD&A Verbatim Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis from PENN Entertainment, Inc.'s 10-K for fiscal year 2024. SEC filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/921738/000092173825000008/penn-20241231.htm Accession: 0000921738-25-000008 Filing date: 2025-02-27 Report date: 2024-12-31 Extracted structurally from real Item 7 body heading to real Item 7A/8 boundary. Confidence: high Company profile: /company/PENN/ All MD&A years: /company/PENN/mda/ Previous year: /company/PENN/mda/fy2023/ (FY 2023) Next year: /company/PENN/mda/fy2025/ (FY 2025) ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis of financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations includes discussion as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023. Discussion of our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 can be found in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2024. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW Our Business PENN Entertainment, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“PENN,” or the “Company”), is North America’s leading provider of integrated entertainment, sports content, and casino gaming experiences. As of the issuance date of this report, PENN operated in 28 jurisdictions throughout North America, with a broadly diversified portfolio of casinos, racetracks, and online sports betting, and iCasino offerings under well-recognized brands including Hollywood Casino®, L’Auberge®, ESPN BET™, and theScore BET Sportsbook and Casino®. PENN’s ability to leverage its partnership with ESPN, Inc. and ESPN Enterprises, Inc. (together, “ESPN”), the “worldwide leader in sports,” and its ownership of theScore™, the top digital sports media brand in Canada, is central to the Company’s highly differentiated strategy to expand its footprint and efficiently grow its customer ecosystem. PENN’s focus on organic cross-sell opportunities is reinforced by its market-leading retail casinos, sports media assets, and technology, including a proprietary state-of-the-art, fully integrated digital sports and iCasino betting platform and an in-house iCasino content studio (PENN Game Studios). The Company’s portfolio is further bolstered by its industry-leading PENN Play™ customer loyalty program, offering its approximately 32 million members a unique set of rewards and experiences. The majority of the real estate assets (i.e., land and buildings) used in our operations are subject to triple net master leases; the most significant of which are with Gaming and Leisure Properties, Inc. (Nasdaq: GLPI) (“GLPI”), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and include the AR PENN Master Lease, 2023 Master Lease, PENN Master Lease (prior to January 1, 2023), and Pinnacle Master Lease (as such terms are defined in Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements and collectively referred to as the “Master Leases”). Recent Acquisitions, Dispositions, Development Projects, and Other On February 17, 2023, we acquired the remaining 64% of the outstanding shares of Barstool Sports, Inc. (“Barstool”) common stock not already owned by us for a consideration of approximately $405.5 million, which is inclusive of cash and common stock issuance, repayment of Barstool indebtedness of $23.8 million, transaction expenses, and other purchase price adjustments in accordance with GAAP (the “Barstool Acquisition”). Prior to the acquisition, we held a 36% ownership interest, which was accounted for under the equity method. On August 8, 2023, PENN entered into a Sportsbook Agreement (the “Sportsbook Agreement”) with ESPN, which provides for a long-term strategic relationship between PENN and ESPN relating to online sports betting in the United States. Pursuant to the Sportsbook Agreement, PENN rebranded its existing Barstool Sportsbook across all online platforms in the United States as ESPN BET (the “Sportsbook”) and oversees daily operations of the Sportsbook. In addition to the Sportsbook Agreement, on August 8, 2023, PENN and ESPN, Inc. entered into an Investment Agreement (the “Investment Agreement”) providing for the issuance to ESPN, Inc. of certain warrants to purchase shares of PENN common stock, and setting forth certain other governance rights of ESPN, Inc. See Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. On August 8, 2023, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with David Portnoy (the “Barstool SPA”) and we sold 100% of the outstanding shares of Barstool common stock. As a result of the Barstool SPA, we recognized a pre-tax loss on disposal of $923.2 million (inclusive of $714.8 million in goodwill and intangible assets write offs and a $70.0 million indemnification liability) incurred in the third quarter of 2023. See Note 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions” and Note 18, “Fair Value Measurements” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. For information on the tax-related impacts from the Barstool transaction, see Note 13, “Income Taxes” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. 34 Table of Contents On February 21, 2023, as described in Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company and GLPI entered into an agreement to amend and restate the triple net master lease dated November 1, 2013 (the “AR PENN Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, to (i) remove the land and buildings for Hollywood Casino Aurora (“Aurora”), Hollywood Casino Joliet (“Joliet”), Hollywood Casino Columbus (“Columbus”), Hollywood Casino Toledo (“Toledo”), and the M Resort Spa Casino (“M Resort”), and (ii) make associated adjustments to the rent after which the initial rent in the AR PENN Master Lease was reset to $284.1 million, consisting of $208.2 million of building base rent, $43.0 million of land base rent and $32.9 million of percentage rent (as such terms are defined in the AR PENN Master Lease). The AR PENN Master Lease remains subject to annual rent escalators and a percentage rent reset every five years. Concurrent with the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the Company and GLPI entered into a new master lease (the “2023 Master Lease”), effective January 1, 2023, specific to the properties associated with Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, M Resort, Hollywood Casino at The Meadows (“Meadows”) and Hollywood Casino Perryville (“Perryville”) and a master development agreement (the “Master Development Agreement”). The 2023 Master Lease terminated the individual triple net leases associated with Meadows and Perryville. The 2023 Master Lease incurs a 1.5% fixed escalator on November 1 of each year, and is also subject to a one-time increase of $1.4 million effective November 1, 2027. The 2023 Master Lease and AR PENN Master Lease are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, and coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee. The 2023 Master Lease includes a base rent (the “2023 Master Lease Base Rent”) equal to $232.2 million and the Master Development Agreement contains additional rent (together with the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent, the “2023 Master Lease Rent”) equal to (i) 7.75% of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for an anticipated relocation of PENN’s riverboat casino and related developments with respect to Aurora (the “Aurora Project”) and (ii) a percentage, based on the then-current GLPI stock price, of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for certain anticipated development projects with respect to Joliet, Columbus, and M Resort (the “Other Development Projects” and together with the Aurora Project, the “PENN Development Projects”). The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225 million for the Aurora Project and, upon our request, up to $350 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement. These funding obligations of GLPI expire on January 1, 2026. We expect our new Joliet facility to open in the fourth quarter of 2025, and the new hotel tower at the M Resort, the new Aurora facility, and the Columbus hotel tower to open in the first half of 2026. We believe that our portfolio of assets provides us with the benefit of geographically-diversified cash flow from operations. We expect to continue to expand our gaming operations through the implementation and execution of a disciplined capital expenditure program at our existing properties, the pursuit of strategic acquisitions and investments, and the development of new gaming properties. In addition, the acquisition of theScore and our Sportsbook Agreement with ESPN reflects our strategy to continue evolving from the nation’s largest regional gaming operator to a best-in-class omni-channel provider of retail gaming, iCasino, and sports betting entertainment. Operating and Competitive Environment Most of our properties operate in mature, competitive markets. We expect the majority of our future growth to come from our online sports betting and iCasino businesses; improvements, expansions, or relocations of our existing properties; entrance into new jurisdictions; expansions of gaming in existing jurisdictions; strategic investments and acquisitions; and cross-sell opportunities between our retail gaming, online sports betting, and iCasino businesses. Our portfolio is comprised largely of well-maintained regional gaming facilities, which has allowed us to develop what we believe to be a solid base for future growth opportunities. We continuously adjust operations, offerings, and cost structures to reflect changing economic conditions, as well as consumer demand and behaviors. We also continue to focus on revenue and cost synergies from recent acquisitions, technology enhancements, and providing customers with additional gaming and entertainment experiences through our differentiated omni-channel strategy. We seek to grow our customer database and PENN Play loyalty program through our online sports betting and iCasino businesses, the development of new properties, the expansion of existing properties and other business lines, and through partnerships with third-party partners, such as The Kroger Company, Ticketmaster Entertainment, LLC, Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd., Live Nation Entertainment, Inc., and Choice Hotels International, Inc. In addition, our strategic acquisitions (e.g. theScore) and strategic relationships (e.g. our Sportsbook Agreement with ESPN), are expected to allow us to acquire new customers, expand our player database, and provide additional revenue streams, all in furtherance of our omnichannel strategy. The gaming, media, and entertainment industries are characterized by an increasingly high degree of competition among a large number of participants. We compete with a variety of gaming operations, including casinos and hotel casinos of varying quality and size and other gaming options such as state and province-sponsored internet lotteries, sweepstakes, charitable gaming, video gaming terminals at bars, restaurants, taverns and truck stops, illegal slot machines and skill games, fantasy 35 Table of Contents sports and third-party internet or mobile-based gaming platforms, including both legal and illegal iCasino and sports betting operations. See the “Segment comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023” section below for discussions on our results of operations by reportable segment. Key Performance Indicators In our business, revenue is driven by discretionary consumer spending. We have no certain mechanism for determining why consumers choose to spend more or less money at our properties or on our online offerings from period-to-period; therefore, we are unable to quantify a dollar amount for each factor that impacts our customers’ spending behaviors. However, based on our experience, we can generally offer some insight into the factors that we believe are likely to account for such changes and which factors may have a greater impact than others. For example, decreases in discretionary consumer spending have historically been brought about by actual or perceived weakened general economic conditions, such as recessions, inflation, rising interest rate environments, tight credit conditions, high unemployment levels, higher income taxes, low levels of consumer confidence, weakness in the housing market, high fuel or other transportation costs, low consumer confidence, global hostilities, political or social unrest, and the effects of pandemics. In addition, visitation and the volume of play have historically been negatively impacted by significant construction surrounding our properties, adverse regional weather conditions, and natural disasters. In all instances, such insights are based solely on our judgment and professional experience, and no assurance can be given as to the accuracy of our judgments. The majority of our revenues is gaming revenue, which is highly dependent upon the volume and spending levels of customers at our properties. Our gaming revenue is derived primarily from slot machines (which represented approximately 86%, 85%, and 84% of our gaming revenue in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively) and, to a lesser extent, table games, online sports betting, and iCasino. Aside from gaming revenue, our revenues are primarily derived from our hotel, dining, retail, commissions, program sales, admissions, concessions, and certain other ancillary activities, and our racing operations. Key performance indicators related to gaming revenue are slot handle and table game drop, which are volume indicators, and “win” or “hold” percentage. Our typical property slot win percentage is in the range of approximately 5% to 11% of slot handle, and our typical table game hold percentage is in the range of approximately 12% to 29% of table game drop. Slot handle is the gross amount wagered during a given period. The win or hold percentage is the net amount of gaming wins and losses, with liabilities recognized for accruals related to the anticipated payout of progressive jackpots. Given the stability in our slot hold percentages on a historical basis, we have not experienced significant impacts to net income from changes in these percentages. For table games, customers usually purchase chips at the tables. The cash and markers (extensions of credit granted to certain credit-worthy customers) are deposited in the gaming table’s drop box. Table game hold is the amount of drop that is retained and recorded as gaming revenue, with liabilities recognized for funds deposited by customers before gaming play occurs and for unredeemed gaming chips. As we are primarily focused on regional gaming markets, our table game hold percentages are fairly stable as the majority of these markets do not regularly experience high-value play, which can lead to volatility in hold percentages. Therefore, changes in table game hold percentages do not typically have a material impact to our results of operations and cash flows. Key performance indicators related to online gaming revenue, including online sports betting and iCasino, are handle, which is a volume indicator, and “win” or “hold” percentage. Our online sports betting win percentage is in the range of approximately 4.6% to 9.2% of online handle, online slot win percentage is in the range of approximately 4.5% to 4.9% of online slot handle, and our online table game hold percentage is in the range of approximately 1.6% to 2.2% of online table game handle. For online gaming, customers deposit cash into their online accounts for use in online sports betting and iCasino play. Liabilities are recognized for online player account funds that have not been withdrawn and for wagers that have been placed on events that have not yet occurred. Online sportsbook handle is the gross amount wagered during a given period. The win or hold percentage is the net amount of gaming wins and losses, with liabilities recognized for any bonus funds deposited into player accounts. Given that online sports betting wagers are made based on the outcomes of future sporting events, the win or hold percentage can vary based on the bet type (i.e. straight wagers vs. parlay wagers). Online slot handle is the gross amount wagered during a given period. The win or hold percentage is the net amount of gaming wins and losses, with liabilities recognized for accruals related to the anticipated payout of online progressive jackpots. Given the stability in our online slot hold percentages on a historical basis, we have not experienced significant impacts to the results of our operations or cash flows from changes in these percentages. Online table game hold is the amount of handle that is retained and recorded as gaming revenue. Our online table game hold percentages are fairly stable as we do not regularly experience high-value online play, which can lead to volatility in hold percentages. Given the stability in our online table game hold percentages on a historical basis, we have not experienced significant impacts to the results of our operations or cash flows from changes in these percentages. 36 Table of Contents Under normal operating conditions, our properties generate significant operating cash flow since most of our revenue is cash-based from slot machines and table games. Our business is capital intensive, and we rely on cash flow from our properties to generate sufficient cash to satisfy our obligations under the Triple Net Leases (as defined in “Liquidity and Capital Resources”), repay debt, fund maintenance capital expenditures, repurchase our common stock, fund new capital projects at existing properties and provide excess cash for future development and acquisitions. Additional information regarding our capital projects is discussed in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below. Reportable Segments We have five reportable segments: Northeast, South, West, Midwest, and Interactive. The Northeast, South, West, and Midwest segments (referred to as our “retail segments”) primarily generate revenue from gaming operations (such as slot machines and table games), food and beverage offerings and hotel visitation. The Interactive segment includes all of our online sports betting, online casino/iCasino, and social gaming (collectively referred to as “online gaming”) operations, management of retail sports betting, media, and the operating results of Barstool Sports subsequent to the Barstool Acquisition on February 17, 2023 and prior to the Barstool divestiture on August 8, 2023 (as defined and discussed in Note 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements). Our gaming and racing properties are grouped by geographic location, and each is viewed as an operating segment with the exception of our two properties in Jackpot, Nevada, which are viewed as one operating segment. We consider our combined Video Gaming Terminal (“VGT”) operations, by state, to be separate operating segments. For a listing of our gaming properties and VGT operations included in each reportable segment, see Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. 37 Table of Contents RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following table highlights our revenues, net income (loss), and Adjusted EBITDA, on a consolidated basis, as well as our revenues and Adjusted EBITDAR by reportable segment. Such segment reporting is consistent with how we measure our business and allocate resources internally. We consider net income (loss) to be the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR, which are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for the definitions of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Adjusted EBITDAR, and Adjusted EBITDAR margin; as well as a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR and related margins. [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022"],["Revenues:"],["Northeast segment","$","2,755.7","","$","2,738.4","","$","2,695.9"],["South segment","1,169.0","","1,216.4","","1,314.2"],["West segment","525.3","","528.5","","581.9"],["Midwest segment","1,172.2","","1,172.6","","1,159.6"],["Interactive segment","959.9","","718.8","","663.1"],["Other (1)","19.6","","20.2","","21.3"],["Intersegment eliminations (2)","(23.6)","","(32.0)","","(34.3)"],["Total","$","6,578.1","","$","6,362.9","","$","6,401.7"],["Net income (loss)","$","(313.3)","","$","(491.4)","","$","221.7"],["Adjusted EBITDAR:"],["Northeast segment","$","801.0","","$","831.0","","$","842.5"],["South segment","433.2","","494.1","","548.1"],["West segment","187.5","","204.2","","220.1"],["Midwest segment","486.8","","496.6","","501.2"],["Interactive segment","(499.5)","","(402.5)","","(74.9)"],["Other (1)","(116.7)","","(110.8)","","(97.6)"],["Total (3)","1,292.3","","1,512.6","","1,939.4"],["Rent expense associated with triple net operating leases (4)","(620.1)","","(591.1)","","(149.6)"],["Adjusted EBITDA","$","672.2","","$","921.5","","$","1,789.8"],["Net income (loss) margin","(4.8)","%","","(7.7)","%","","3.5","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR margin","19.6","%","","23.8","%","","30.3","%"],["Adjusted EBITDA margin","10.2","%","","14.5","%","","28.0","%"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] (1)The Other category, included in the tables to reconcile the segment information to the consolidated information, consists of the Company’s stand-alone racing operations, namely Sanford-Orlando Kennel Club, Sam Houston and Valley Race Park, the Company’s joint venture interests in Freehold Raceway (which ceased operations on December 28, 2024), and our management contract for Retama Park Racetrack. Expenses incurred for corporate and shared services activities that are directly attributable to a property or are otherwise incurred to support a property are allocated to each property. The Other category also includes corporate overhead costs, which consist of certain expenses, such as: payroll, professional fees, travel expenses, and other general and administrative expenses that do not directly relate or have not otherwise been allocated. Corporate overhead costs were $104.8 million, $106.7 million, and $98.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. (2)Primarily represents the elimination of intersegment revenues associated with our retail sportsbooks, which are operated by PENN Interactive. (3)The total is a mathematical calculation derived from the sum of reportable segments (as well as the Other category). As noted within “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below, Adjusted EBITDAR, and the related margin, is presented on a consolidated basis outside the financial statements solely as a valuation metric. (4)For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, pertains to the following operating leases: (i) AR PENN Master Lease; (ii) 2023 Master Lease; (iii) Margaritaville Lease; and (iv) Greektown Lease. For the year ended December 31, 2022, pertains to the operating lease components contained within the (i) PENN Master Lease (specific to the land and building components associated with the operations of Hollywood Gaming at Dayton Raceway and Hollywood Gaming at Mahoning Valley Race Course); (ii) Meadows Lease; (iii) Margaritaville Lease; (iv) Greektown Lease; and (v) Tropicana Lease (which terminated on September 26, 2022). 38 Table of Contents Consolidated comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 Revenues The following table presents our consolidated revenues: [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Revenues"],["Gaming","$","5,169.5","","","$","4,905.8","","","$","5,201.7","","","$","263.7","","","$","(295.9)","","","5.4","%","","(5.7)","%"],["Food, beverage, hotel and other","1,408.6","","","1,457.1","","","1,200.0","","","(48.5)","","","257.1","","","(3.3)","%","","21.4","%"],["Total revenues","$","6,578.1","","","$","6,362.9","","","$","6,401.7","","","$","215.2","","","$","(38.8)","","","3.4","%","","(0.6)","%"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] Gaming revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $263.7 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase in gaming revenues at our Interactive segment, partially offset by a decrease in gaming revenues within our South segment. In addition to severe weather events negatively impacting our South segment operations during the third quarter, severe weather affected weekends and holidays across all our regional property segments during the first quarter, negatively impacting our operations. Furthermore, retail gaming revenues decreased as new supply continues to impact visitation in certain retail property segments. Food, beverage, hotel, and other revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $48.5 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to the inclusion of 100% of the operating results of Barstool subsequent to the Barstool Acquisition on February 17, 2023 and prior to the Barstool disposal on August 8, 2023 in the prior year. Due to the Barstool disposal, the current year does not include any Barstool revenues. This was offset by an increase in gaming tax amounts related to third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino partners for online sports betting and iCasino market access of $45.2 million compared to the prior year. See “Segment comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023” below for more detailed explanations of the fluctuations in revenues. Operating expenses The following table presents our consolidated operating expenses: [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Operating expenses"],["Gaming","$","3,429.0","","","$","2,989.4","","","$","2,864.4","","","$","439.6","","","$","125.0","","","14.7","%","","4.4","%"],["Food, beverage, hotel, and other","985.5","","","1,011.4","","","767.2","","","(25.9)","","","244.2","","","(2.6)","%","","31.8","%"],["General and administrative","1,568.4","","","1,563.4","","","1,110.4","","","5.0","","","453.0","","","0.3","%","","40.8","%"],["Depreciation and amortization","433.6","","","435.1","","","567.5","","","(1.5)","","","(132.4)","","","(0.3)","%","","(23.3)","%"],["Impairment losses","89.1","","","130.6","","","118.2","","","(41.5)","","","12.4","","","(31.8)","%","","10.5","%"],["Loss on disposal of Barstool","\u2014","","","923.2","","","\u2014","","","(923.2)","","","923.2","","","N/M","","N/M"],["Total operating expenses","$","6,505.6","","","$","7,053.1","","","$","5,427.7","","","$","(547.5)","","","$","1,625.4","","","(7.8)","%","","29.9","%"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] N/M - Not meaningful Gaming expenses consist primarily of gaming taxes, payroll, advertising, marketing and promotional, and other expenses associated with our gaming operations. Gaming expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $439.6 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to costs related to the Sportsbook Agreement and Investment Agreement with ESPN which commenced on August 8, 2023 (see Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements) and increased gaming costs driven by increased ESPN BET volumes. Food, beverage, hotel, and other expenses consist primarily of payroll costs, costs of goods sold, and other costs associated with our food, beverage, hotel, retail, racing, and Interactive operations. Food, beverage, hotel, and other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $25.9 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to the inclusion of 39 Table of Contents Barstool operating expenses in the prior year subsequent to the Barstool Acquisition on February 17, 2023 and prior to the Barstool disposal on August 8, 2023. Due to the Barstool disposal, the current year does not include any Barstool operating expenses. The decrease for the year ended December 31, 2024 was partially offset by an increase in gaming tax reimbursement amounts related to third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino partners for online sports betting and iCasino market access. General and administrative expenses include items such as compliance, facility maintenance, utilities, property and liability insurance, surveillance and security, and lobbying expenses, as well as all expenses for administrative departments such as accounting, purchasing, human resources, legal, and internal audit. General and administrative expenses also include stock-based compensation expense; pre-opening expenses; acquisition and transaction costs; gains and losses on disposal of assets; insurance recoveries, net of deductible charges; changes in the fair value of our contingent purchase price obligations; expense associated with cash-settled stock-based awards (including changes in fair value thereto); and rent expense associated with our triple net operating leases. General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $5.0 million compared to the corresponding prior year, primarily due to an increase in rent expense associated with triple net operating leases of $29.0 million stemming primarily from annual escalators on our triple net operating leases. The increase was offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation. Depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased $1.5 million compared to the corresponding prior year. Impairment losses for the year ended December 31, 2024 relate to impairment charges taken on our goodwill and other intangible assets of $12.3 million and $76.8 million, respectively, as a result of our annual impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of 2024. Increased competition in our South and Midwest segments led to slight reductions in long-term projections at some of our properties which resulted in goodwill impairment charges in 2024. Increased supply has led to reductions in long-term projections for certain of our properties in our Northeast and South segments, resulting in gaming license and trademark impairment charges at certain reporting units in both of those segments in 2024. Refer to Note 8, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of impairment charges. Loss on disposal of Barstool relates to the loss on the sale of 100% of the outstanding shares of Barstool to David Portnoy in exchange for nominal cash consideration as described in Note 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The following table presents our consolidated other income (expenses): [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Other income (expenses)"],["Interest expense, net","$","(470.5)","","","$","(464.7)","","","$","(758.2)","","","$","(5.8)","","","$","293.5","","","1.2","%","","(38.7)","%"],["Interest income","$","23.6","","","$","40.3","","","$","18.3","","","$","(16.7)","","","$","22.0","","","(41.4)","%","","120.2","%"],["Income from unconsolidated affiliates","$","28.1","","","$","25.3","","","$","23.7","","","$","2.8","","","$","1.6","","","11.1","%","","6.8","%"],["Gain on Barstool Acquisition, net","$","\u2014","","","$","83.4","","","$","\u2014","","","$","(83.4)","","","$","83.4","","","N/M","","N/M"],["Gain on REIT transactions, net","$","\u2014","","","$","500.8","","","$","\u2014","","","$","(500.8)","","","$","500.8","","","N/M","","N/M"],["Loss on early extinguishment of debt","$","(0.3)","","","$","\u2014","","","$","(10.4)","","","$","(0.3)","","","$","10.4","","","N/M","","N/M"],["Other","$","5.3","","","$","5.5","","","$","(72.1)","","","$","(0.2)","","","$","77.6","","","(3.6)","%","","N/M"],["Income tax benefit","$","28.0","","","$","8.2","","","$","46.4","","","$","19.8","","","$","(38.2)","","","241.5","%","","(82.3)","%"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] N/M - Not meaningful Interest expense, net increased for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, due to overall increase in interest rates on our Senior Secured Credit Facilities as well as the Pinnacle Master Lease rent escalator effective May 1, 2024. 40 Table of Contents Interest income decreased for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in the amount invested in money market funds, which we use for short term investing. Income from unconsolidated affiliates relates principally to our investment in the Kansas Entertainment and Freehold Raceway joint venture. Operations at Freehold Raceway ceased on December 28, 2024. The increase of $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding prior year, is due to the year ended December 31, 2023 including a $4.1 million loss for Barstool prior to the Barstool Acquisition on February 17, 2023. Gain on Barstool Acquisition, net relates to the gain on our acquisition of all the outstanding shares of Barstool common stock not already owned by us on February 17, 2023 as described in Note 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions” to our Consolidated Financial Statements. The gain consists of $66.5 million related to the remeasurement of our equity investment immediately prior to the acquisition date and $16.9 million related to the acquisition of the remaining 64% of Barstool common stock. Gain on REIT transactions, net relates to the execution of both the AR PENN Master Lease and 2023 Master Lease on February 21, 2023, effective January 1, 2023, which resulted in the (i) derecognition of $1.6 billion of financing obligations and (ii) derecognition of $1.1 billion of Property and Equipment, net. In conjunction with entering into the 2023 Master Lease, the individual triple net leases associated with Meadows and Perryville were terminated which resulted in a $6.5 million loss from the derecognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. See Note 11, “Leases” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details on both of these transactions. Loss on early extinguishment of debt relates to the repricing of the Senior Secured Credit Facilities on December 4, 2024. See Note 10, “Long-term Debt” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Other primarily relates to realized and unrealized gains and losses on equity securities held by PENN Interactive, unrealized gains and losses related to certain Barstool shares (prior to the Barstool Acquisition on February 17, 2023), as well as miscellaneous income and expense items. Equity securities were provided to the Company in conjunction with entering into multi-year agreements with sports betting operators for online sports betting and iCasino market access across our portfolio. For the year ended December 31, 2024, other income primarily consisted of dividend income of $4.4 million, offset by an unrealized holding loss of $0.1 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023 other income primarily consisted of dividend income of $10.8 million, offset by an unrealized holding loss of $6.4 million. Income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $28.0 million, as compared to $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our effective tax rate (income taxes as a percentage of income from operations before income taxes) was 8.2% for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 1.7% for the year ended December 31, 2023.The effective tax rates for both 2024 and 2023 are not correlated to the amount of our loss before income taxes due to the foreign losses for which no benefit was recognized and the impact of the significant nondeductible losses sustained from the Barstool divestiture, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate in the current year is lower than the federal statutory rate of 21%, primarily because of nondeductible compensation and an increase in the valuation allowances on both foreign and certain state losses that are more likely than not to be utilized before expiring, as discussed in Note 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions” and Note 13, “Income Taxes.” Accordingly, the Company increased the valuation allowance by $61.1 million during 2024 on foreign and certain state and deferred tax assets and $179.0 million in 2023 for the capital loss carryforward generated from the Barstool divestiture transaction and for certain foreign and state deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not to be realized, resulting in an increase to income tax expense. See Note 13, “Income Taxes” to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. Our effective income tax rate can vary each reporting period depending on, among other factors, the geographic and business mix of our earnings, changes to our valuation allowance, and the level of our tax credits. Certain of these and other factors, including our history and projections of pre-tax earnings, are considered in assessing our ability to realize our net deferred tax assets. 41 Table of Contents Segment comparison of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 Northeast Segment [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% / bps Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Revenues:"],["Gaming","$","2,465.0","","$","2,451.4","","$","2,434.0","","$","13.6","","","$","17.4","","","0.6","%","","0.7","%"],["Food, beverage, hotel, and other","290.7","","287.0","","261.9","","3.7","","","25.1","","","1.3","%","","9.6","%"],["Total revenues","$","2,755.7","","$","2,738.4","","$","2,695.9","","$","17.3","","","$","42.5","","","0.6","%","","1.6","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR","$","801.0","","$","831.0","","$","842.5","","$","(30.0)","","","$","(11.5)","","","(3.6)","%","","(1.4)","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR margin","29.1","%","","30.3","%","","31.3","%","","","","","","(120) bps","","(100) bps"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] The Northeast segment’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $17.3 million over the prior year, primarily due to increases in gaming and non-gaming revenues at several of our properties, as well as increased visitation to our food and beverage outlets, offset by a reduction in gaming revenues at several of our properties due to increased competition. For the year ended December 31, 2024 the Northeast segment’s Adjusted EBITDAR decreased by $30.0 million as compared to the prior year, and Adjusted EBITDAR margin decreased to 29.1%, primarily due to the reversal of certain accrued gaming taxes in the prior year and increased labor costs in the current year. South Segment [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% / bps Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Revenues:"],["Gaming","$","904.1","","$","950.3","","$","1,050.7","","$","(46.2)","","","$","(100.4)","","","(4.9)","%","","(9.6)","%"],["Food, beverage, hotel, and other","264.9","","266.1","","263.5","","(1.2)","","","2.6","","","(0.5)","%","","1.0","%"],["Total revenues","$","1,169.0","","$","1,216.4","","$","1,314.2","","$","(47.4)","","","$","(97.8)","","","(3.9)","%","","(7.4)","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR","$","433.2","","$","494.1","","$","548.1","","$","(60.9)","","","$","(54.0)","","","(12.3)","%","","(9.9)","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR margin","37.1","%","","40.6","%","","41.7","%","","","","","","(350) bps","","(110) bps"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] The South segment’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $47.4 million over the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in gaming revenues as increased competition negatively impacted visitation at several of our properties and severe weather events in the first and third quarter of 2024 negatively impacted our operations. Food, beverage, hotel, and other revenues decreased primarily due to the acceleration of hotel remodeling in the third quarter of 2024, and the negative weather impact on operations, as discussed above. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the South segment’s Adjusted EBITDAR decreased by $60.9 million as compared to the prior year, and Adjusted EBITDAR margin decreased to 37.1%, primarily due to the decrease in gaming revenues as described above. Additionally, the year ended December 31, 2023 was positively impacted by the receipt of $19.6 million in business interruption proceeds related to the loss experienced in 2020 due to Hurricane Laura. 42 Table of Contents West Segment [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% / bps Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Revenues:"],["Gaming","$","366.6","","$","376.5","","$","387.6","","$","(9.9)","","","$","(11.1)","","","(2.6)","%","","(2.9)","%"],["Food, beverage, hotel, and other","158.7","","152.0","","194.3","","6.7","","","(42.3)","","","4.4","%","","(21.8)","%"],["Total revenues","$","525.3","","$","528.5","","$","581.9","","$","(3.2)","","","$","(53.4)","","","(0.6)","%","","(9.2)","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR","$","187.5","","$","204.2","","$","220.1","","$","(16.7)","","","$","(15.9)","","","(8.2)","%","","(7.2)","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR margin","35.7","%","","38.6","%","","37.8","%","","","","","","(290) bps","","80 bps"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] The West segment’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $3.2 million over the prior year, primarily due to road construction and increased competition negatively impacting visitation at our West segment properties, partially offset by an increase in food, beverage, hotel, and other revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the West segment’s Adjusted EBITDAR decreased by $16.7 million as compared to the prior year, and Adjusted EBITDAR margin decreased to 35.7%, primarily due to the decreases in gaming revenues discussed above and increased labor costs. Midwest Segment [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% / bps Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Revenues:"],["Gaming","$","1,043.6","","$","1,046.5","","$","1,045.9","","$","(2.9)","","","$","0.6","","","(0.3)","%","","0.1","%"],["Food, beverage, hotel, and other","128.6","","126.1","","113.7","","2.5","","","12.4","","","2.0","%","","10.9","%"],["Total revenues","$","1,172.2","","$","1,172.6","","$","1,159.6","","$","(0.4)","","","$","13.0","","","\u2014","%","","1.1","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR","$","486.8","","$","496.6","","$","501.2","","$","(9.8)","","","$","(4.6)","","","(2.0)","%","","(0.9)","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR margin","41.5","%","","42.4","%","","43.2","%","","","","","","(90) bps","","(80) bps"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] The Midwest segment’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased by $0.4 million over the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in gaming revenues as severe weather events in the first quarter of 2024 negatively impacted visitation. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in food and beverage revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Midwest segment’s Adjusted EBITDAR decreased by $9.8 million as compared to the prior year, and Adjusted EBITDAR margin decreased to 41.5%, primarily due to the decreases in gaming revenues discussed above and increased labor costs. 43 Table of Contents Interactive Segment [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% / bps Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Revenues:"],["Gaming","$","390.2","","$","81.1","","$","283.5","","$","309.1","","","$","(202.4)","","","381.1","%","","(71.4)","%"],["Food, beverage, hotel, and other","569.7","","637.7","","379.6","","(68.0)","","","258.1","","","(10.7)","%","","68.0","%"],["Total revenues","$","959.9","","$","718.8","","$","663.1","","$","241.1","","","$","55.7","","","33.5","%","","8.4","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR","$","(499.5)","","$","(402.5)","","$","(74.9)","","$","(97.0)","","","$","(327.6)","","","N/M","","N/M"],["Adjusted EBITDAR margin","(52.0)","%","","(56.0)","%","","(11.3)","%","","","","","","N/M","","N/M"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] N/M - Not meaningful The Interactive segment’s revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased by $241.1 million, compared to the prior year, primarily due to an increase in gaming revenues. Gaming revenues were positively impacted by an increase in gaming volume compared to the prior year, as 2024 contains a full year of ESPN BET operating results and lower promotional expenses. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in other revenues, of which $99.2 million relates to Barstool revenues subsequent to the Barstool Acquisition on February 17, 2023 and prior to the Barstool disposal on August 8, 2023 being included in the year ended December 31, 2023. Due to the Barstool disposal, the current year does not include any Barstool operating results. Other revenues are inclusive of gaming tax amounts related to third-party online sports betting and/or iCasino partners for online sports betting and iCasino market access of $435.6 million, $390.4 million, and $251.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Interactive segment’s Adjusted EBITDAR decreased by $97.0 million as compared to the prior year, primarily due to the decrease in other revenues as discussed above, as well as costs related to the Sportsbook Agreement and Investment Agreement with ESPN, which commenced on August 8, 2023. Adjusted EBITDAR margin increased primarily due to the increase in gaming revenues as discussed above. Other [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% / bps Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Revenues:"],["Food, beverage, hotel, and other","$","19.6","","","$","20.2","","","$","21.3","","","$","(0.6)","","","$","(1.1)","","","(3.0)","%","","(5.2)","%"],["Total revenues","$","19.6","","","$","20.2","","","$","21.3","","","$","(0.6)","","","$","(1.1)","","","(3.0)","%","","(5.2)","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR","$","(116.7)","","","$","(110.8)","","","$","(97.6)","","","$","(5.9)","","","$","(13.2)","","","N/M","","N/M"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] N/M - Not meaningful Other consists of the Company’s stand-alone racing operations, as well as corporate overhead costs, which primarily includes certain expenses such as payroll, professional fees, travel expenses, and other general and administrative expenses that do not directly relate to or have not otherwise been allocated. Revenues have decreased slightly compared to the prior year, primarily due to fluctuations in racing revenues. Changes in Adjusted EBITDAR for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily relate to increased labor costs, slightly offset by a decrease in general and administrative costs. Non-GAAP Financial Measures Use and Definitions In addition to GAAP financial measures, management uses Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDAR, Adjusted EBITDA margin, and Adjusted EBITDAR margin as non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for, nor superior to, financial results and measures determined or calculated in accordance with GAAP. 44 Table of Contents Each of these non-GAAP financial measures is not calculated in the same manner by all companies and, accordingly, may not be an appropriate measure of comparing performance among different companies. We define Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest expense, net, interest income, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, debt extinguishment charges, impairment losses, insurance recoveries, net of deductible charges, changes in the estimated fair value of our contingent purchase price obligations, gain or loss on disposal of assets, the difference between budget and actual expense for cash-settled stock-based awards, pre-opening expenses, loss on disposal of business, non-cash gains/losses associated with REIT transactions as described in Note 11, “Leases” to our Consolidated Financial Statements, non-cash gains/losses associated with partial and step acquisitions as measured in accordance with ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations,” and other. Adjusted EBITDA is inclusive of income or loss from unconsolidated affiliates, with our share of non-operating items (such as interest expense, net, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation expense) added back for Barstool Sports (prior to our acquisition of the remaining 64% of Barstool common stock on February 17, 2023) and our Kansas Entertainment, LLC joint venture. Adjusted EBITDA is inclusive of rent expense associated with our triple net operating leases with our REIT landlords. Although Adjusted EBITDA includes rent expense associated with our triple net operating leases, we believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful as a supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of our consolidated results of operations. We define Adjusted EBITDA margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by consolidated revenues. Adjusted EBITDA has economic substance because it is used by management as a performance measure to analyze the performance of our business, and is especially relevant in evaluating large, long-lived casino-hotel projects because it provides a perspective on the current effects of operating decisions separated from the substantial non-operational depreciation charges and financing costs of such projects. We present Adjusted EBITDA because it is used by some investors and creditors as an indicator of the strength and performance of ongoing business operations, including our ability to service debt, and to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions and operations. These calculations are commonly used as a basis for investors, analysts, and credit rating agencies to evaluate and compare operating performance and value companies within our industry. In order to view the operations of their casinos on a more stand-alone basis, gaming companies, including us, have historically excluded from their Adjusted EBITDA calculations certain corporate expenses that do not relate to the management of specific casino properties. However, Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of performance or liquidity calculated in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA information is presented as a supplemental disclosure, as management believes that it is a commonly used measure of performance in the gaming industry and that it is considered by many to be a key indicator of the Company’s operating results. We define Adjusted EBITDAR as Adjusted EBITDA (as defined above) plus rent expense associated with triple net operating leases (which is a normal, recurring cash operating expense necessary to operate our business). Adjusted EBITDAR is presented on a consolidated basis outside the financial statements solely as a valuation metric. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDAR is an additional metric traditionally used by analysts in valuing gaming companies subject to triple net leases since it eliminates the effects of variability in leasing methods and capital structures. This metric is included as a supplemental disclosure because (i) we believe Adjusted EBITDAR is traditionally used by gaming operator analysts and investors to determine the equity value of gaming operators and (ii) Adjusted EBITDAR is one of the metrics used by other financial analysts in valuing our business. We believe Adjusted EBITDAR is useful for equity valuation purposes because (i) its calculation isolates the effects of financing real estate; and (ii) using a multiple of Adjusted EBITDAR to calculate enterprise value allows for an adjustment to the balance sheet to recognize estimated liabilities arising from operating leases related to real estate. However, Adjusted EBITDAR when presented on a consolidated basis is not a financial measure in accordance with GAAP, and should not be viewed as a measure of overall operating performance or considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income because it excludes the rent expense associated with our triple net operating leases and is provided for the limited purposes referenced herein. Adjusted EBITDAR margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDAR on a consolidated basis divided by revenues on a consolidated basis. Adjusted EBITDAR margin is presented on a consolidated basis outside the financial statements solely as a valuation metric. We further define Adjusted EBITDAR margin by reportable segment as Adjusted EBITDAR for each segment divided by segment revenues. 45 Table of Contents Reconciliation of GAAP Financial Measures to Non-GAAP Financial Measures The following table includes a reconciliation of net income (loss), which is determined in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDAR, which are non-GAAP financial measures, as well as related margins: [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022"],["Net income (loss)","$","(313.3)","","$","(491.4)","","$","221.7"],["Income tax benefit","(28.0)","","(8.2)","","(46.4)"],["Interest expense, net","470.5","","464.7","","758.2"],["Interest income","(23.6)","","(40.3)","","(18.3)"],["Income from unconsolidated affiliates","(28.1)","","(25.3)","","(23.7)"],["Gain on Barstool Acquisition, net","\u2014","","(83.4)","","\u2014"],["Gain on REIT transactions, net","\u2014","","(500.8)","","\u2014"],["Loss on early extinguishment of debt","0.3","","\u2014","","10.4"],["Other (income) expense","(5.3)","","(5.5)","","72.1"],["Operating income (loss)","72.5","","(690.2)","","974.0"],["Loss on disposal of Barstool","\u2014","","923.2","","\u2014"],["Stock-based compensation (1)","52.9","","85.9","","58.1"],["Cash-settled stock-based award variance (1)(2)","(18.7)","","(13.8)","","(15.5)"],["Loss on disposal of assets (1)","10.0","","0.1","","7.9"],["Contingent purchase price (1)","(1.2)","","1.9","","(0.6)"],["Pre-opening expenses (1)","\u2014","","\u2014","","4.1"],["Depreciation and amortization","433.6","","435.1","","567.5"],["Impairment losses (3)","89.1","","130.6","","118.2"],["Insurance recoveries, net of deductible charges (1)","(5.5)","","(13.9)","","(10.7)"],["Income from unconsolidated affiliates","28.1","","25.3","","23.7"],["Non-operating items of equity method investments (4)","4.4","","7.4","","7.9"],["Other expenses (1)(5)","7.0","","29.9","","55.2"],["Adjusted EBITDA","672.2","","921.5","","1,789.8"],["Rent expense associated with triple net operating leases (1)","620.1","","591.1","","149.6"],["Adjusted EBITDAR","$","1,292.3","","$","1,512.6","","$","1,939.4"],["Net income (loss) margin","(4.8)","%","","(7.7)","%","","3.5","%"],["Adjusted EBITDA margin","10.2","%","","14.5","%","","28.0","%"],["Adjusted EBITDAR margin","19.6","%","","23.8","%","","30.3","%"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] (1)    These items are included in “General and administrative” within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. (2)    Our cash-settled stock-based awards are adjusted to fair value each reporting period based primarily on the price of the Company’s common stock. As such, significant fluctuations in the price of the Company’s common stock during any reporting period could cause significant variances to budget on cash-settled stock-based awards. (3)    For the year ended December 31, 2024, impairment charges relate to the Northeast, South, and Midwest segments. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, impairment charges relate to the Northeast segment. (4)    Consists principally of interest expense, net, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation expense associated with Barstool prior to us acquiring the remaining 64% of Barstool common stock (see Note 5, “Acquisitions and Dispositions”) and our Kansas Entertainment joint venture. (5)    Consists of non-recurring acquisition and transaction costs, and finance transformation costs associated with the implementation of our new Enterprise Resource Management system. 46 Table of Contents LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources have been and are expected to be cash flow from operations, borrowings from banks, and proceeds from the issuance of debt and equity securities. Our ongoing liquidity will depend on a number of factors, including available cash resources, cash flow from operations, acquisitions or investments, funding of construction for development projects, and our compliance with covenants contained under our debt agreements. We currently believe that our operating cash flow and other sources of liquidity, as described herein, will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs on a short and long-term basis. [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,","","$ Change","","% Change"],["(dollars in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022","","2024 vs. 2023","","2023 vs. 2022"],["Net cash provided by operating activities","$","359.3","","","$","455.9","","","$","878.2","","","$","(96.6)","","","$","(422.3)","","","(21.2)","%","","(48.1)","%"],["Net cash used in investing activities","$","(541.2)","","","$","(742.6)","","","$","(258.6)","","","$","201.4","","","$","(484.0)","","","(27.1)","%","","187.2","%"],["Net cash used in financing activities","$","(186.5)","","","$","(262.6)","","","$","(853.0)","","","$","76.1","","","$","590.4","","","(29.0)","%","","(69.2)","%"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] Operating Cash Flow Trends in our operating cash flows tend to follow trends in operating income, excluding non-cash charges, but can be affected by changes in working capital, the timing of significant interest payments, tax payments or refunds, and distributions from unconsolidated affiliates. Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $96.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to a decrease in our reportable segments’ Adjusted EBITDAR, partially offset by changes in working capital primarily related to gaming receivables, accrued gaming taxes, and advanced payments and deposits. Additionally, cash paid for interest and income taxes decreased compared to the prior year. Investing Cash Flow Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $541.2 million, primarily relates to capital expenditures of $482.7 million. For the year ended December 31, 2023, cash used in investing activities was primarily related to consideration paid for the Barstool Acquisition, net of cash acquired, of $314.6 million and capital expenditures of $360.0 million. Capital Expenditures Capital expenditures are accounted for as either project capital (new facilities or expansions) or maintenance (replacement) which is inclusive of projects such as our retail sportsbooks, our cashless, cardless and contactless technology, and hotel renovations. Cash provided by operating activities, as well as cash available under our Amended Revolving Credit Facility and Revolving Facility, was available to fund our capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, as applicable. Capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2024 were $482.7 million, inclusive of $229.4 million of capital maintenance expenditures and $253.3 million of capital project expenditures. For the year ending December 31, 2025, our anticipated capital expenditures are approximately $244.9 million, which includes capital expenditures required under our Triple Net Leases, which require us to spend a specified percentage of total revenues. Additionally for the year ending December 31, 2025, we anticipate capital project expenditures of $490.9 million, the majority of which is in connection with the PENN Development Projects pursuant to our Master Development Agreement with GLPI (as described in Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements). The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225.0 million for the Aurora Project and, upon PENN’s request, up to $350.0 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement. Financing Cash Flow For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities totaled $186.5 million compared to $262.6 million in net cash used in financing activities in the prior year. During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities primarily related to $50.3 million in principal payments on our finance leases, $40.8 million in principal payments on our financing obligations, $37.5 million in principal debt repayments, $35.4 million in payments on insurance financing, as well as $30.5 million in indemnification payments. 47 Table of Contents During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities of $262.6 million primarily related to $149.8 million of common stock repurchases, $47.1 million in principal payments on our finance leases, $39.2 million in principal payments on our financing obligations, and $37.5 million in principal debt repayments. Debt Issuance and Other long-term Obligations On May 3, 2022, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with its various lenders (the “Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”). The Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement provides for a $1.0 billion revolving credit facility, undrawn at close, (the “Amended Revolving Credit Facility”), a five-year $550.0 million term loan A facility (the “Amended Term Loan A Facility”) and a seven-year $1.0 billion term loan B facility (the “Amended Term Loan B Facility”) (together, the “Amended Credit Facilities”). The proceeds from the Amended Credit Facilities were used to repay the existing Term Loan A Facility and Term Loan B-1 Facility balances. On December 4, 2024, PENN entered into a Second Amendment with its various lenders to reduce the interest rate margins applicable to the Company’s approximately $978 million in existing Term B Facility loans from 2.75% to 2.50% for Term SOFR loans, and from 1.75% to 1.50% for base rate loans. At December 31, 2024, we had $2.8 billion in aggregate principal amount of indebtedness, including $1.5 billion outstanding under our Amended Credit Facilities, $330.5 million outstanding under our 2.75% unsecured convertible notes due 2026 (the “Convertible Notes”), $400.0 million outstanding under our 5.625% senior unsecured notes due 2027 (the “5.625% Notes”), $400.0 million outstanding under our 4.125% senior unsecured notes due 2029 (the “4.125% Notes”), and $210.5 million outstanding in other long-term obligations. No amounts were drawn on our Amended Revolving Credit Facility. We have no debt maturing prior to 2026. As of December 31, 2024 we had conditional obligations under letters of credit issued pursuant to the Amended Credit Facilities with face amounts aggregating to $20.9 million resulting in $979.1 million available borrowing capacity under our Amended Revolving Credit Facility. As of the date of this filing, the Company had $40.0 million in outstanding borrowings under its Amended Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in $939.1 million of available borrowing capacity. Covenants  Our Amended Credit Facilities, 5.625% Notes, and 4.125% Notes, require us, among other obligations, to maintain specified financial ratios and to satisfy certain financial tests. In addition, our Amended Credit Facilities, 5.625% Notes, and 4.125% Notes, restrict, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, amend debt instruments, pay dividends, create liens on assets, make investments, engage in mergers or consolidations, and otherwise restrict corporate activities. Our debt agreements also contain customary events of default, including cross-default provisions that require us to meet certain requirements under the AR PENN Master Lease, the 2023 Master Lease, PENN Master Lease (prior to January 1, 2023), and the Pinnacle Master Lease (all of which are defined in Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements), each with GLPI. If we are unable to meet our financial covenants or in the event of a cross-default, it could trigger an acceleration of payment terms. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all required financial covenants. The Company believes that it will remain in compliance with all of its required financial covenants for at least the next 12 months following the date of filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K with the SEC. See Note 10, “Long-term Debt” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information of the Company’s debt and other long-term obligations. Share Repurchase Authorizations During the second quarter of 2023, we completed our $750 million share repurchase authorization approved by the Board of Directors on February 1, 2022 (the “February 2022 Authorization”). On December 6, 2022, a second share repurchase program was authorized for an additional $750 million (the “December 2022 Authorization”). The December 2022 Authorization expires on December 31, 2025. The Company utilized the capacity under the February 2022 Authorization prior to effecting any repurchases under the December 2022 Authorization. Repurchases by the Company are subject to available liquidity, general market and economic conditions, alternate uses for the capital and other factors. Share repurchases may be made from time to time through a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, open market transactions, block trades or in private transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations and other legal requirements. There is no minimum number of shares that the Company is required to repurchase and the repurchase authorization may be suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. 48 Table of Contents No shares of the Company’s common stock were repurchased during the year ended December 31, 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repurchased 5,438,221 shares of its common stock in open market transactions for $149.8 million at an average price of $27.54 per share under the February 2022 and December 2022 Authorizations. The cost of all repurchased shares is recorded to “Treasury stock” within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. No shares of the Company’s common stock were repurchased subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2024. As of February 27, 2025, the remaining availability under our December 2022 Authorization was $749.5 million. Other Factors Affecting Liquidity ESPN BET Sportsbook Agreement On August 8, 2023, PENN entered into the Sportsbook Agreement with ESPN which provides for a long-term strategic relationship between PENN and ESPN relating to online sports betting in the United States. In November 2023, the existing Barstool Sportsbook was rebranded and launched across all online platforms in the United States as ESPN BET, which included our Hollywood Casino-branded integrated iCasino offering within the sportsbook app in select U.S jurisdictions. The Sportsbook Agreement has an initial 10-year term and may be extended for an additional ten years upon mutual agreement of PENN and ESPN. In consideration for the media marketing services and brand and other rights provided by ESPN, PENN will pay $150.0 million per year in cash pursuant to the Sportsbook Agreement for the initial 10-year term and issue warrants pursuant to the Investment Agreement (see Note 12, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). Triple Net Leases The majority of the real estate assets (i.e., land and buildings) used in our operations are subject to triple net master leases; the most significant of which are the AR PENN Master Lease, 2023 Master Lease, PENN Master Lease (prior to January 1, 2023), and Pinnacle Master Lease (as such terms are defined in Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, and collectively referred to as the “Master Leases”) with GLPI. We refer to the Master Leases, Perryville Lease (where applicable), the Meadows Lease (where applicable), the Margaritaville Lease, the Greektown Lease, the Tropicana Lease (terminated September 26, 2022) and the Morgantown Lease, collectively, as our “Triple Net Leases.” The Company’s Triple Net Leases are accounted for as either operating leases, finance leases, or financing obligations. On February 21, 2023, the Company and GLPI entered into the AR PENN Master Lease, effective January 1, 2023, which amended and restated the PENN Master Lease to (i) remove the land and buildings for Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, and the M Resort, and (ii) make associated adjustments to the rent after which the initial rent in the AR PENN Master Lease was reset to $284.1 million, consisting of $208.2 million of building base rent, $43.0 million of land base rent, and $32.9 million of percentage rent (as such terms are defined in the AR PENN Master Lease). The AR PENN Master Lease remains subject to annual rent escalators and a percentage rent reset every five years. Concurrent with the execution of the AR PENN Master Lease, the Company and GLPI entered into the 2023 Master Lease, effective January 1, 2023, specific to the properties associated with Aurora, Joliet, Columbus, Toledo, M Resort, Meadows, and Perryville and the Master Development Agreement. The 2023 Master Lease terminated the individual triple net leases associated with Meadows and Perryville. The 2023 Master Lease incurs a 1.5% fixed escalator on November 1 of each year, and is also subject to a one-time increase of $1.4 million effective November 1, 2027. The 2023 Master Lease and AR PENN Master Lease are cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized, coterminous, and subject to a parent guarantee. The 2023 Master Lease includes the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent equal to $232.2 million and the Master Development Agreement contains additional rent (together with the 2023 Master Lease Base Rent, the “2023 Master Lease Rent”) equal to (i) 7.75% of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for the Aurora Project and (ii) a percentage, based on the then-current GLPI stock price, of any project funding received by PENN from GLPI for the Other Development Projects. The Master Development Agreement provides that GLPI will fund up to $225 million for the Aurora Project and, upon PENN’s request, up to $350 million in the aggregate for the Other Development Projects, in accordance with certain terms and conditions set forth in the Master Development Agreement. These funding obligations of GLPI expire on January 1, 2026. We expect our new Joliet facility to open in the fourth quarter of 2025, and the new hotel tower at the M Resort, the new Aurora facility, and the Columbus hotel tower to open in the first half of 2026. Under our Triple Net Leases, in addition to lease payments for the real estate assets, we are required to pay the following, among other things: (i) all facility maintenance; (ii) all insurance required in connection with the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties; (iii) taxes levied on or with respect to the leased properties (other than taxes on the income of the lessor); (iv) all tenant capital improvements; and (v) all utilities and other services necessary or appropriate for 49 Table of Contents the leased properties and the business conducted on the leased properties. As of December 31, 2024, we are required to make total annual minimum rent payments of $969.7 million, of which $953.2 million relates to our Triple Net Leases. Additionally, our Triple Net Leases are subject to annual escalators and periodic percentage rent resets, as applicable. See Note 11, “Leases” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion and disclosure related to the Company’s leases. Payments to our REIT Landlords under Triple Net Leases Total payments made to our REIT Landlords, GLPI and VICI, were as follows: [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","For the year ended December 31,"],["(in millions)","2024","","2023","","2022"],["AR PENN Master Lease","$","284.6","","","$","284.1","","","$","\u2014"],["2023 Master Lease","236.2","","","232.8","","","\u2014"],["PENN Master Lease","\u2014","","","\u2014","","","480.3"],["Pinnacle Master Lease","346.7","","","339.4","","","334.1"],["Perryville Lease","\u2014","","","\u2014","","","7.8"],["Meadows Lease","\u2014","","","\u2014","","","24.6"],["Margaritaville Lease","26.8","","","26.2","","","23.8"],["Greektown Lease","52.9","","","52.2","","","51.3"],["Morgantown Lease","3.2","","","3.1","","","3.1"],["Total (1)","$","950.4","","","$","937.8","","","$","925.0"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] (1)Cash rent payable under the Tropicana Lease was nominal prior to the lease termination on September 26, 2022. Therefore, it has been excluded from the table above. Other Contractual Cash Obligations The following table presents our other contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2024: [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","","","Payments Due by Period"],["(in millions)","Total","","2025","","2026-2027","","2028-2029","","2030 and after"],["Purchase obligations","$","1,023.5","","","$","673.8","","","$","234.8","","","$","53.7","","","$","61.2"],["Other liabilities reflected within our Consolidated Balance Sheets (1)","7.6","","","0.3","","","0.6","","","0.6","","","6.1"],["Total","$","1,031.1","","","$","674.1","","","$","235.4","","","$","54.3","","","$","67.3"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] (1)Excludes the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $44.8 million, as we cannot reasonably estimate the period of cash settlement with the respective taxing authorities. Additionally, it does not include a total of $243.1 million related to the payments associated with our (i) contingent purchase price obligations; and (ii) financing arrangement in which we received upfront cash proceeds permitting us to participate in future claims, as they are not fixed obligations. Outlook Based on our current level of operations, we believe that cash generated from operations and cash on hand, together with amounts available under our Amended Credit Facilities, will be adequate to meet our anticipated obligations under our Triple Net Leases, debt service requirements, capital expenditures and working capital needs for the foreseeable future. However, our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations will depend on a range of economic, competitive and business factors, many of which are outside our control. We cannot be certain: (i) of the impact of price inflation, changes in interest rates on the U.S. economy, economic uncertainty, and geopolitical uncertainty; (ii) that our anticipated earnings projections will be realized; (iii) that we will achieve the expected synergies from our acquisitions and joint ventures; and (iv) that future borrowings will be available under our Amended Credit Facilities or otherwise will be available in the credit markets to enable us to service our indebtedness or to make anticipated capital expenditures. We caution that the performance and trends seen across our portfolio may not continue. In addition, while we anticipated that a significant amount of our future growth would come through the pursuit of opportunities within other distribution channels, such as media, retail, and online gaming; from acquisitions of gaming properties at reasonable valuations; greenfield projects; development projects; and jurisdictional expansions and property expansion in under-penetrated markets; there can be no assurance that this will be the case. If we consummate significant acquisitions in the future or undertake any significant property expansions, our cash requirements may increase significantly, and we may need to make additional borrowings or complete equity or debt financings to meet these 50 Table of Contents requirements. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Capital Structure” within “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information on additional financing risks. We have historically maintained a capital structure comprised of a mix of equity and debt financing. We vary our leverage to pursue opportunities in the marketplace in an effort to maximize our enterprise value for our shareholders. We expect to meet our debt obligations as they come due through internally-generated funds from operations and/or refinancing them through the debt or equity markets prior to their maturity. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS For information on new accounting pronouncements and the impact of these pronouncements on our Consolidated Financial Statements, see Note 3, “New Accounting Pronouncements” in the notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and judgments that are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. The nature of the estimates and assumptions are material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain factors or the susceptibility of such factors to change. The development and selection of critical accounting estimates, and the related disclosures, have been reviewed with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. We believe the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $2.6 billion in goodwill and $1.5 billion in other intangible assets, net within its Consolidated Balance Sheets, representing 16.8% and 10.0% of total assets, respectively. These intangible assets require significant management estimates and judgment pertaining to: (i) the valuation in connection with initial purchase price allocations and (ii) the ongoing evaluation for impairment. Our annual goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment test is performed on October 1st of each year, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist. As a result of our annual test completed during the fourth quarter of 2024, we recognized $12.3 million in impairment charges on goodwill in our South and Midwest segments, $69.3 million in impairment charges on our gaming licenses in our Northeast and South segments, and $7.5 million in impairment charges on our trademarks in our Northeast and South segments. For further discussion, see Note 8, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Once an impairment of goodwill or other intangible asset has been recorded, it cannot be reversed. Since the Company’s goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, there may be volatility in reported net income or loss because impairment losses, if any, are likely to occur irregularly and in varying amounts. Intangible assets that have a definite life are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives or related service contract. The Company reviews the carrying amount of its amortizing intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If the carrying amount of the amortizing intangible assets exceed their fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. Revenue and earnings streams within our industry can vary significantly based on various circumstances, which in many cases, are outside of the Company’s control, and as such are difficult to predict and quantify. We have disclosed several of these circumstances in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Interactive goodwill Goodwill at our Interactive segment comprises $1.5 billion of the total $2.6 billion balance as of December 31, 2024. For our quantitative goodwill impairment test for the Interactive goodwill, an income approach, in which a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model is utilized, and a market-based approach using guideline public company multiples of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) from Interactive’s peer group are utilized in order to estimate the fair market value of the Interactive reporting unit. The Company compares the fair value of the Interactive reporting unit to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the Interactive reporting unit exceeds the fair value, an impairment is recorded equal to the amount of the excess (not to exceed the amount of goodwill allocated to the Interactive reporting unit). The evaluation of goodwill requires the use of estimates about future operating results of the Interactive reporting unit to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. The Company must make various assumptions and estimates in performing its impairment testing. The implied fair value includes estimates of future cash flows that are based on reasonable and supportable assumptions which represent the Company’s best estimates of the cash flows expected to result from the use of 51 Table of Contents the assets including their eventual disposition. Significant assumptions utilized in the estimation of future cash flows for the Interactive reporting unit include forecasted revenues, forecasted operating expenses, the discount rate used in the valuation, and the terminal year EBITDA exit multiple. These significant assumptions are complex and subjective. They are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors, such as industry, geopolitical and economic trends, and internal factors, such as changes in the Company’s business strategy, which may re-allocate capital and resources to different or new opportunities which management believes will enhance its overall value but may be to the detriment of the Interactive reporting unit. Changes in estimates, increases in the Company’s cost of capital, reductions in transaction multiples, changes in operating and capital expenditure assumptions, or application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from the Company’s estimates. If our ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, we may have to record impairment charges in future periods. Our estimates of cash flows are based on the current regulatory and economic climates, recent operating information, and budgets of the Interactive reporting unit. These estimates could be negatively impacted by changes in federal, state, provincial, or local regulations, economic downturns, or other events affecting our Interactive segment. Forecasted cash flows (based on our annual operating plan as determined in the fourth quarter) can be significantly impacted by the local economies in which our Interactive reporting unit operates. Increases in unemployment rates, inflation and/or interest rates can also result in decreased customer activity and/or lower customer spend. Additionally, increases in gaming taxes approved by state and provincial regulatory bodies can negatively impact forecasted cash flows. Gaming licenses We consider our gaming licenses as indefinite-lived intangible assets that do not require amortization based on our future expectations to operate our gaming properties indefinitely as well as our historical experience in renewing these intangible assets at minimal cost with various jurisdictional commissions. Rather, these gaming licenses are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, by comparing the fair value of the recorded assets to their carrying amount. If the carrying amounts of the gaming licenses exceed their fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. We assess the fair value of our gaming licenses using the Greenfield Method under the income approach, which estimates the fair value of the gaming license using a DCF model assuming we built a new casino with similar utility to that of the existing casino. The method assumes a theoretical start-up company going into business without any assets other than the intangible asset being valued. As such, the value of the gaming license is a function of the following assumptions: •Projected revenues and operating cash flows (including an allocation of the projected payments under any applicable Triple Net Lease); •Estimated construction costs and duration; •Estimated pre-opening expenses; and •Discounting that reflects the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows attributable to the license. In general, as it pertains to the Triple Net Leases, such amounts are allocated based on the reporting unit’s projected Adjusted EBITDAR as a percentage of the aggregate estimated Adjusted EBITDAR of all reporting units subject to each of the Triple Net Leases, as applicable. The evaluation of gaming license intangible assets requires the use of estimates about future operating results of each reporting unit to determine the estimated fair value of the gaming license indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company must make various assumptions and estimates in performing its impairment testing. The implied fair value includes estimates of future cash flows (including an allocation of the projected payments under any applicable Triple Net Lease) that are based on reasonable and supportable assumptions which represent the Company’s best estimates of the cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets including their eventual disposition. Changes in estimates, increases in the Company’s cost of capital, reductions in transaction multiples, changes in operating and capital expenditure assumptions or application of alternative assumptions and definitions could produce significantly different results. Future cash flow estimates are, by their nature, subjective and actual results may differ materially from the Company’s estimates. If our ongoing estimates of future cash flows are not met, we may have to record impairment charges in future periods. Our estimates of cash flows are based on the current regulatory and economic climates, recent operating information and budgets of the various properties where it conducts operations. These estimates could be negatively impacted by changes in federal, state, or local regulations, economic downturns, or other events affecting our properties. Forecasted cash flows (based on our annual operating plan as determined in the fourth quarter) can be significantly impacted by the local economy in which our reporting units operate. Increases in unemployment rates, inflation and/or interest 52 Table of Contents rates can also result in decreased customer visitation and/or lower customer spend per visit. Additionally, increases in gaming taxes approved by state regulatory bodies can negatively impact forecasted cash flows. Assumptions and estimates about future cash flow levels, discount rates and multiples by individual reporting units are complex and subjective. They are sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions and can be affected by a variety of factors, including external factors, such as industry, geopolitical and economic trends, and internal factors, such as changes in the Company’s business strategy, which may re-allocate capital and resources to different or new opportunities which management believes will enhance its overall value but may be to the detriment of an individual reporting unit. Reporting units with gaming licenses which were identified during our 2024 annual impairment assessment, performed as of October 1, 2024, as having less than a substantial passing margin, in addition to goodwill at our Interactive reporting unit, were subject to a sensitivity analysis to determine the potential impairment losses: [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","","","","","Amount of impairment loss as a result of:"],["(dollars in millions)","Carrying Amount","","Passing Margin","","Discount Rate +100 bps","","Terminal Growth Rate -50 bps"],["Gaming License"],["Boomtown Bossier City","$7.0","","","\u2014","%","","$2.0","","","$0.5"],["Boomtown New Orleans","$63.3","","","4.3","%","","$6.0","","","$\u2014"],["Hollywood Casino at Greektown","$40.0","","","\u2014","%","","$9.0","","","$1.5"],["Hollywood Casino at PENN National Race Course","$24.0","","","\u2014","%","","$6.0","","","$0.5"],["L\u2019Auberge Lake Charles","$221.3","","","6.4","%","","$17.0","","","$\u2014"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]] [[GREPCENT_TABLE]] [["","","","","","Amount of impairment loss as a result of:"],["(dollars in millions)","Carrying Amount","","Passing Margin","","a 10% decrease in forecasted revenues and EBITDA"],["Goodwill"],["PENN Interactive","$1,633.2","","","6.2","%","","$107.0"]] [[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]