ONE LIBERTY PROPERTIES INC (OLP) Risk Factors

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

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Set forth below is a discussion of certain risks affecting our business. The categorization of risks set forth below is meant to help you better understand the risks facing our business and is not intended to limit your consideration of the possible effects of these risks to the listed categories. Any impacts from the realization of any of the risks discussed, including our financial condition and results of operations, may, and likely will, adversely affect many aspects of our business. In addition to the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K, readers should carefully consider the following risk factors:

Risks Related to Our Business

If we are unable to re-rent properties upon the expiration of our leases or if our tenants default or seek bankruptcy protection, our revenues and operating cash flows will be reduced and we would incur additional costs.

Substantially all of our revenue and operating cash flow is derived from rent paid by our tenants pursuant to leases. As of December 31, 2025, the following leases expire during the periods indicated:

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(a)We believe or have been advised that tenants with respect to three leases, or $553,000 of 2026 base rent, intend to allow their leases to expire.

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If our tenants, and in particular, our significant tenants, (i) do not renew their leases upon lease expiration, (ii) default on their obligations or (iii) seek rent relief, lease renegotiation or other accommodations, our revenues would decline and, in certain cases, co-tenancy provisions (i.e., a tenant’s right to reduce their rent or terminate their lease if certain key tenants vacate a property) may be triggered possibly allowing other tenants at the same property to reduce their rental payments or terminate their leases. At the same time, we would remain responsible (and with respect to single tenant properties (i.e., properties at which such tenant is the sole lessee) solely responsible), for the payment of the mortgage obligations with respect to the related properties, would become responsible for the operating expenses (e.g., real estate taxes, maintenance and insurance) related to these properties, and, in the event of tenant defaults, would incur expenses in enforcing our rights as landlord. We may find it difficult to find replacement tenants, especially with respect to properties that have unusual configurations, such as our theaters (i.e., Regal Cinemas) and a health and fitness center (i.e., LA Fitness) which account in the aggregate for $2.2 million, or 2.7%, of 2026 base rent. Even if we find replacement tenants or renegotiate leases with current tenants, the terms of the new or renegotiated leases, after giving effect to tenant concessions or the cost of required renovations/reconfigurations may be less favorable than current lease terms and could reduce the amount of cash available to meet expenses and pay dividends. If we are unable to re-rent properties on favorable terms with respect to properties at which tenants do not renew their leases at lease expiration or default on their rent obligation, and our results of operations, cash flow and financial condition will be adversely affected.

Approximately 21.7% of our 2026 base rent is derived from six tenants. The default, financial distress or failure of any of these tenants, or such tenant’s determination not to renew or extend their lease, would significantly reduce our revenues.

FedEx, Northern Tool, NARDA Holdings, Inc., Havertys, Ferguson and Toro Company account for approximately 5.0%, 3.8%, 3.7%, 3.1%, 3.1% and 3.0%, respectively, of our 2026 base rent, and the weighted average remaining lease term for such tenants is 2.2 years, 3.3 years, 7.7 years, 3.0 years, 1.6 years and 3.0 years, respectively. The default, financial distress or bankruptcy of any of these or other significant tenants or such tenant’s determination not to renew or extend their lease, would significantly reduce our revenues, would cause

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interruptions in the receipt of, or the loss of, a significant amount of rental income and would require us to pay operating expenses (including real estate taxes) currently paid by the tenant. This could also result in the vacancy of the property or properties occupied by the defaulting or non-renewing tenant, which would significantly reduce our rental revenues and net income until the re-rental of the property or properties and could decrease the ultimate sale value of the property.

The concentration of our properties in certain states makes our revenues and the value of our portfolio vulnerable to adverse changes in local economic conditions.

Approximately 51.5% of our 2026 base rent is derived from properties located in six states — South Carolina (12.8%), Pennsylvania (10.8%), New York (8.5%), Texas (7.1%), Iowa (6.6%) and Alabama (5.7%). As a result, a decline in the economic conditions in these states or in regions where our properties are concentrated, may have an adverse effect on the rental and occupancy rates for, and the property values of, these properties, which could lead to a reduction of our rental income and/or impairment charges.

Our portfolio of properties is concentrated in the industrial and, to a lesser extent, the retail sector, and our business would be adversely affected by an economic downturn in such sectors.

Approximately 80.9% and 14.6% of our 2026 base rent is derived from industrial and retail tenants, respectively, and we are vulnerable to economic declines that negatively impact these sectors of the economy, which would have an adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

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Write-offs of unbilled rent receivables and intangible lease assets will reduce our net income, total assets and stockholders’ equity and may result in breaches of financial covenants under our credit facility.

At December 31, 2025, the aggregate of our unbilled rent receivable and intangible lease assets is $42.8 million (including $25.5 million of intangible lease assets): six tenants (i.e., NARDA Holdings, Inc., Superior Third Party Logistics, Inc., The Lion Brewery, Charter Next Generation, Inc., Northern Tool, and Famous Footwear) account for 27.5% of such sum. We are required to assess the collectability of our unbilled rent receivables and the remaining useful lives of our intangible lease assets. Such assessments, which are highly subjective, take into consideration, among other things, a tenant’s payment history, financial condition, and the likelihood of collectability of future rent.  If we determine that the collectability of a tenant’s unbilled rent receivable is not probable or that the useful life of a tenant’s intangible lease asset has changed, write-offs would be required.  Such write-offs result in a reduction of our net income, total assets and stockholders’ equity and in certain circumstances may result in the breach of our financial covenants under the credit facility.

Declines in the value of our properties could result in impairment losses.

When we are presented with indicators of impairment in the value of a particular property or group of properties, we are required to perform an impairment analysis for such property or properties. When we determine that any of our properties at which indicators of impairment exist have undiscounted cash flows below the net book value of such property, we are required to recognize an impairment charge for the difference between the fair value and the book value during the quarter in which we make such determination. Impairment losses, such as the impairment losses of $4.6 million and $1.1 million we recognized in 2025 and 2024, respectively, reduce our total assets, stockholder’s equity and net income.

Our ability to fully control the maintenance of our properties may be limited.

Generally, the tenants are responsible for maintenance and other day-to-day management of the properties. If a property is not adequately maintained in accordance with the terms of the applicable lease, we may incur expenses for deferred maintenance or other liabilities once the property is no longer leased. While we visit our properties on an intermittent basis, these visits are not comprehensive inspections and deferred maintenance items may go unnoticed. Although our leases generally provide for recourse against the tenant for failure to maintain the property, a bankrupt or financially-troubled tenant may be more likely to defer maintenance, and it may be difficult to recover the cost of such repairs from such a tenant.

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Traditional retail tenants account for 14.6% of our 2026 base rent and the competition that such tenants face from e-commerce retail sales could adversely affect our business.

Approximately 14.6% of our 2026 base rent is derived from retail tenants, including 3.8% from tenants engaged in selling furniture (i.e., Havertys Furniture accounts for 3.1% of 2026 base rent). Because e-commerce retailers (unlike “bricks and mortar” or “traditional” retailers) may be able to provide customers with better pricing and the ease, comfort and safety of shopping from their home or office, our retail tenants face extensive competition from e-commerce retailers. E-commerce sales decrease the need for traditional retail outlets and reduce retailers’ space and property requirements. This adversely impacts our ability to rent space at our retail properties and increases competition for retail tenants thereby reducing the rent we would receive at these properties and adversely affecting our results of operations, cash flow and financial condition.

Risks Related to Our Financing Activities, Indebtedness and Capital Resources

If we are unable to refinance our mortgage loans at maturity, we may be forced to sell properties at disadvantageous terms, which would result in the loss of revenues and in a decline in the value of our portfolio.

We had, as of December 31, 2025, $522.5 million in mortgage debt outstanding (all of which is non-recourse subject to standard carve-outs). The risks associated with our mortgage debt, include the risks that cash flow from properties securing the indebtedness and our available cash and cash equivalents will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest.

Generally, only a portion of the principal of our mortgage indebtedness will be repaid prior to or at maturity and we do not plan to retain sufficient cash to repay such indebtedness at maturity. Accordingly, to meet these obligations if they cannot be refinanced at maturity, we will have to use funds available under our credit facility, if any, and our available cash and cash equivalents to pay our mortgage debt or seek to raise funds through the financing of unencumbered properties, sale of properties or the issuance of additional equity. From 2026 through 2030, approximately $237.3 million of mortgage debt outstanding as of December 31, 2025, matures. Our cash flow from operations will be insufficient to repay all maturing mortgage debt when payments become due, and we may be forced to dispose of properties on disadvantageous terms or convey properties secured by mortgages to the mortgagees, which would lower our revenues and the value of our portfolio.

We may find that the value of a property could be less than the mortgage secured by such property. We may also have to decide whether we should refinance or pay off a mortgage on a property at which the mortgage matures prior to lease expiration and the tenant may not renew the lease. In these types of situations, after evaluating various factors, including among other things, the tenant’s competitive position in the applicable sub-market, our and our tenant’s estimates of its prospects, consideration of alternative uses and opportunities to re-purpose or re-let the property, we may seek to renegotiate the terms of the mortgage, or to the extent that the loan is non-recourse and the terms of the mortgage cannot be satisfactorily renegotiated, forfeit the property by conveying it to the mortgagee and writing off our investment.

Volatile or increasing interest rates, or credit market tightening, may make it more difficult for us to secure financing, which may limit our ability to finance or refinance our real estate properties, reduce the number of properties we can acquire, sell certain properties, and decrease our stock price.

Increases or volatility in interest rates, or reduced access to credit markets, may make it difficult for us to obtain financing, refinance mortgage debt, limit the mortgage debt available on properties we wish to acquire and limit the properties we can acquire. Even in the event that we are able to secure mortgage debt on, or otherwise finance our real estate properties, due to increased costs associated with securing financing and other factors beyond our control, we may be unable to refinance the entire outstanding loan balance or be subject to unfavorable terms (such as higher loan fees, interest rates and periodic payments). In addition, increasing interest rates could decrease the amount third parties are willing to pay for our assets, thereby limiting our ability to dispose of assets on more favorable terms.

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Interest rates have been volatile as the interest rate on the ten-year treasury notes ranged from 3.26% to 5.02% during the three years ended December 31, 2025. At February 27, 2026, the interest rate on such notes was 3.95%. The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2025, the principal balance of the mortgage payments due at maturity on our properties and the weighted average interest rate thereon (dollars in thousands):

If we are required to refinance mortgage debt that matures over the next several years at higher interest rates than such mortgage debt currently bears, our net income will decline and the funds available for dividends will be reduced.

Because REIT stocks are often perceived as high-yield investments, investors may perceive less relative benefit to owning REIT stocks as interest rates and the yield on government treasuries and other bonds increase or are especially volatile. Accordingly, increases and volatility in interest rates may reduce the amount investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

A breach of our credit facility could occur if a significant number of our tenants default or fail to renew expiring leases, or we take impairment charges against our properties.

Our credit facility includes covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios and comply with other requirements. If our tenants default under their leases or fail to renew expiring leases, we may recognize impairment charges against our properties, and our financial position could be adversely affected causing us to be in breach of the financial covenants contained in our credit facility.

Failure to meet interest and other payment obligations under our revolving credit facility or a breach by us of the covenants to maintain the financial ratios could place us in default under our credit facility. In such event, if no amounts were outstanding under the facility, we would not be entitled to draw on the facility which could impede our ability, among other things, to acquire properties or fund working capital requirements. If we defaulted on the facility while amounts were outstanding, the lenders could require us to repay the full amount outstanding, and we might be required to rapidly dispose of our properties, which could have an adverse impact on the amounts we receive on such dispositions. If we are unable to dispose of our properties in a timely fashion to the satisfaction of the banks, the banks could foreclose on that portion of our collateral pledged to the banks, which could result in the disposition of our properties at below-market values. The disposition of our properties at below our carrying value would adversely affect our net income, reduce our stockholders’ equity and adversely affect our ability to pay dividends.

If we are unable to renew or replace our credit facility which expires on December 31, 2026, we will be adversely affected as we will be limited in our ability to acquire properties and will be forced to immediately repay the debt outstanding thereunder.

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At February 27, 2026, $30.0 million was outstanding on our credit facility. The facility expires on December 31, 2026 at which time we will be obligated, unless the facility is renewed or replaced, to repay all amounts outstanding thereunder. We will not have sufficient cash to repay the facility at such time and would be forced to sell properties or find alternative sources of funding, potentially on disadvantageous terms, to fund the repayment of such obligations. Further, the facility enhances our ability to acquire properties on an expedited basis; the unavailability of the facility or a similar source of immediately available funds would limit our ability to acquire properties.

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Certain of our leases require us to pay property related expenses that are not the obligations of our tenants.

In addition to satisfying their rent obligations, our tenants are generally responsible for the payment of real estate taxes, insurance and ordinary maintenance and repairs. However, under the provisions of certain leases, we are required to pay some expenses, such as the costs of environmental liabilities, roof and structural repairs, insurance premiums, and certain non-structural repairs and maintenance. If our properties incur significant expenses that must be paid by us under the terms of our leases, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely affected and the amount of cash available to meet expenses and pay dividends may be reduced.

Our failure to comply with our obligations under our mortgages may reduce our stockholders’ equity, and adversely affect our net income and ability to pay dividends.

Several of our mortgages include covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios, including various coverage ratios, and comply with other requirements. Failure to meet interest and other payment obligations under these mortgages or a breach by us of the covenants to comply with certain financial ratios would place us in non-compliance under such mortgages. If a mortgagee called a default and required us to repay the full amount outstanding under such mortgage, we might be required to rapidly dispose of the property subject to such mortgage which could have an adverse impact on the amounts we receive on such disposition. If we are unable to satisfy the covenants of a mortgage, the mortgagee could exercise remedies available to it under the applicable mortgage and as otherwise provided by law, including the possible appointment of a receiver to manage the property, application of deposits or reserves maintained under the mortgage for payment of the debt, or foreclose and/or cause the forced sale of the property or asset securing such debt. A foreclosure or other forced disposition of our assets could result in the disposition of such assets at below such assets’ carrying values. The disposition of our properties or assets at below their carrying values may adversely affect our net income, reduce our stockholders’ equity and adversely affect our ability to pay dividends.

Risks Related to Real Estate Investments

Our revenues and the value of our portfolio are affected by a number of factors that affect investments in leased real estate generally.

We are subject to the general risks of investing in leased real estate. These include the non-performance of lease obligations by tenants, leasehold improvements that will be costly or difficult to remove should it become necessary to re-rent the leased space for other uses, covenants in certain retail leases that limit the types of tenants to which available space can be rented (which may limit demand or reduce the rents realized on re-renting), rights to terminate leases due to co-tenancy provisions, events of casualty or condemnation affecting the leased space or the property or due to interruption of the tenant’s quiet enjoyment of the leased premises, obligations of a landlord to restore the leased premises or the property following events of casualty or condemnation, adverse changes in economic conditions and local conditions (e.g., changing demographics, retailing trends and traffic patterns), declines in rental rates, changes in the supply and price of quality properties and the market supply and demand of competing properties, the impact of environmental laws, security concerns, prepayment penalties applicable under mortgage financings, changes in tax, zoning, building code, fire safety and other laws and regulations, the type of insurance coverage available, and changes in the type, capacity and sophistication of building systems. The occurrence of any of these events could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid and their values may decline.

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid. Therefore, we will be limited in our ability to reconfigure our real estate portfolio in response to economic changes. We may encounter difficulty in disposing of properties when tenants vacate either at the expiration of the applicable lease or otherwise. If we decide to sell any of our properties, our ability to sell these properties and the prices we receive on their sale may be affected by many factors, including the number of potential buyers, the number of competing properties on the market and other market conditions, as well as whether the property is leased and if it is leased, the terms thereof. As a result, we may be unable to sell our properties for an extended period of time without incurring a loss, which would adversely affect our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

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Uninsured and underinsured losses may affect the revenues generated by, the value of, and the return from a property affected by a casualty or other claim.

Generally, our tenants’ are required to obtain, for our benefit, comprehensive insurance covering our properties in amounts that are intended to be sufficient to provide for the replacement of the improvements at each property. However, the amount of insurance coverage maintained for any property may be insufficient (i) to pay the full replacement cost of the improvements at the property following a casualty event or (ii) if coverage is provided pursuant to a blanket policy and the tenant’s other properties are subject to insurance claims. In addition, the rent loss coverage under the policy may not extend for the full period of time that a tenant may be entitled to a rent abatement as a result of, or that may be required to complete restoration following, a casualty event. In addition, there are certain types of losses, such as those arising from earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and terrorist attacks, that may be uninsurable or that may not be economically insurable. Changes in zoning, building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors also may make it impossible or impracticable for us to use insurance proceeds to replace damaged or destroyed improvements at a property. If restoration is not or cannot be completed to the extent, or within the period of time, specified in certain of our leases, the tenant may have the right to terminate the lease. If any of these or similar events occur, it may reduce our revenues, the value of, or our return from, an affected property.

We have been, and will continue to be, subject to significant competition and we may not be able to compete successfully for investments.

We have faced, and will continue to face, significant competition for opportunities to acquire industrial properties. Our competitors include publicly-traded REITs, non-traded REITs, insurance companies, commercial and investment banking firms, private institutional funds, hedge funds, private equity funds and other investors, many of whom have greater financial and other resources than we have. We may not be able to compete successfully for investments. If we pay higher prices for investments, our returns may be lower and the value of our assets may not increase or may decrease significantly below the amount we paid for such assets. If such events occur, we may experience lower returns on our investments.

Regulatory and Tax Risks

Compliance with environmental regulations and associated costs could adversely affect our results of operations and liquidity.

Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner or operator of real property may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at the property and may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage and for investigation and cleanup costs incurred in connection with contamination. The cost of investigation, remediation or removal of hazardous or toxic substances may be substantial, and the presence of such substances, or the failure to properly remediate a property, may adversely affect our ability to sell or rent the property or to borrow money using the property as collateral. In connection with our ownership, operation and management of real properties, we may be considered an owner or operator of the properties and, therefore, potentially liable for removal or remediation costs, as well as certain other related costs, including governmental fines and liability for injuries to persons and property, not only with respect to properties we own now or may acquire, but also with respect to properties we have owned in the past.

We cannot provide any assurance that existing environmental studies with respect to any of our properties reveal all potential environmental liabilities, that any prior owner of a property did not create any material environmental condition not known to us, or that a material environmental condition does not otherwise exist, or may not exist in the future, as to any one or more of our properties. If a material environmental condition does in fact exist, or exists in the future, the remediation costs could have a material adverse impact upon our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

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Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act could be costly.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the “ADA”), all public accommodations must meet Federal requirements for access and use by disabled persons. A determination that our properties do not comply with the ADA could result in liability for both governmental fines and damages. If we are required to make unanticipated major modifications to any of our properties to comply with the ADA, which are determined not to be the responsibility of our tenants, we could incur unanticipated expenses that could have an adverse impact upon our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Legislative or regulatory tax changes could have an adverse effect on us.

There are a number of issues associated with an investment in a REIT that are related to the Federal income tax laws, including, but not limited to, the consequences of our failing to continue to qualify as a REIT. At any time, the Federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended or modified. Any new laws or interpretations may take effect retroactively and could adversely affect us or our stockholders.

Risks Related to OLP’s Organization, Structure and Ownership of Stock

Our transactions with affiliated entities involve conflicts of interest.

From time to time we have entered into transactions with persons and entities affiliated with us and with certain of our officers and directors. Such transactions involve a potential conflict of interest and entail a risk that we could have obtained more favorable terms if we had entered into such transaction with an unaffiliated third party. We are a party to a compensation and services agreement with Majestic Property effective as of January 1, 2007, as amended. Pursuant to the compensation and services agreement, we pay an annual fee to Majestic Property which provides us with the Services. See “Item 1. Business—Human Capital Resources”. In 2025 we paid, and in 2026 we anticipate paying, Majestic Property, (i) a fee of $3.6 million and $3.8 million, respectively, and (ii) $350,000 and $368,000, respectively, for our share of all direct office expenses, including rent, telephone, postage, computer services, supplies, and internet usage. We also obtain our property insurance in conjunction with Gould Investors, an affiliated entity, and in 2025, reimbursed Gould Investors $3.0 million for our share of the insurance premiums paid by Gould Investors. At December 31, 2025, Gould Investors beneficially owns approximately 10.5% of our outstanding common stock and certain of our senior executive officers are also executive officers of the managing general partner of Gould Investors.

Our senior management and other key personnel, including those performing services on a part-time basis, are critical to our business and our future success depends on our ability to retain them.

We depend on the services of Matthew J. Gould, chairman of our board of directors, Fredric H. Gould, vice chairman of our board of directors, Patrick J. Callan, Jr., our president and chief executive officer, Lawrence G. Ricketts, Jr., our executive vice president and chief operating officer, Isaac Kalish, our chief financial officer and senior vice president and David W. Kalish, our senior vice president-finance, and other members of senior management to carry out our business and investment strategies. Of the foregoing executive officers, only Messrs. Callan and Ricketts devote all of their business time to us. Other members of senior management provide services to us either on a full-time or part-time, as-needed basis. The loss of the services of any of our senior management or other key personnel, the inability or failure of the members of senior management providing services to us on a part-time basis to devote sufficient time or attention to our activities or our inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could impair our ability to carry out our business and investment strategies.

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Certain provisions of our charter, our Bylaws, as amended, and Maryland law may inhibit a change in control that stockholders consider favorable and could also limit the market price of our common stock.

Certain provisions of our charter (the “Charter”), our Bylaws and Maryland law may impede, or prevent, a third party from acquiring control of us without the approval of our board of directors. These provisions:

Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) may impede a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or inhibit a change of control under circumstances that otherwise could be in the best interest of holders of shares of our common stock, including:

Failure to qualify as a REIT could result in material adverse tax consequences and could significantly reduce cash available for distributions.

We operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Code. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of technical and complex legal provisions for which there are limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. In addition, no assurance can be given that legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not significantly change the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification. If we fail to quality as a REIT, we will be subject to federal, certain additional state and local income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and would not be allowed a deduction in computing our taxable income for amounts distributed to stockholders. In addition, unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, we would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost. The additional tax would reduce significantly our net income and the cash available to pay dividends.

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We are subject to certain distribution requirements that may result in our having to borrow funds at unfavorable rates.

To obtain the favorable tax treatment associated with being a REIT, we generally are required, among other things, to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income (subject to certain adjustments) each year. To the extent that we satisfy these distribution requirements but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income we will be subject to Federal and state corporate tax on our undistributed taxable income.

As a result of differences in timing between the receipt of income and the payment of expenses, and the inclusion of such income and the deduction of such expenses in arriving at taxable income, and the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures and the timing of required debt service (including amortization) payments, we may need to borrow funds in order to make the distributions necessary to retain the tax benefits associated with qualifying as a REIT, even if we believe that then prevailing market conditions are not generally favorable for such borrowings. Such borrowings could reduce our net income and the cash available to pay dividends.

Compliance with REIT requirements may hinder our ability to maximize profits.

In order to qualify as a REIT for Federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, our sources of income, the amounts we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may also be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Accordingly, compliance with REIT requirements hinders our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.

In order to qualify as a REIT, we must also ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and real estate assets. Any investment in securities cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, no more than 5% of the value of our assets can consist of the securities of any one issuer, other than a qualified REIT security. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we must dispose of such portion of these securities in excess of these percentages within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in order to avoid losing our REIT status and suffering adverse tax consequences. This requirement could cause us to dispose of assets for consideration that is less than their true value and could lead to an adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

If we reduce or do not increase our dividend, the market value of our common stock may decline.

The dividends we pay are determined by our board of directors from time-to-time based on its assessment of, among other things, our short and long-term cash and liquidity requirements, prospects, debt maturities, maintenance of our REIT status, projections of our REIT taxable income, net income, funds from operations and adjusted funds from operations. Various factors could cause our board of directors to decrease or not increase our dividend, including tenant defaults or bankruptcies resulting in a material reduction in our funds from operations, a material loss resulting from an adverse change in the value of one or more of our properties, or insufficient income to cover our dividends. It is possible that a portion of the dividends we would pay in 2025 or thereafter would constitute a return of capital and in such event we would not be required to pay such sum to maintain our REIT status. If our board of directors determines to reduce or not increase our dividend for the foregoing or any other reason, the market value of our common stock could be adversely affected.

The stock market is volatile, and fluctuations in our operating results, removal from various indices and other factors could cause our stock price to decline.

The stock market has experienced, and may continue to experience, fluctuations that significantly impact the market prices of securities issued by many companies. Market fluctuations could adversely affect our stock price. These fluctuations have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations, as well as general economic, systemic, political and market conditions, such as pandemics, recessions, loss of investor confidence, interest rate changes, government shutdowns, or trade wars, may negatively affect the market price of our common stock. Moreover, our operating results may fluctuate and vary from period to period due to the risk factors set forth herein.

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Although our common stock is quoted on the New York Stock Exchange, the volume of trades on any given day has been limited historically, as a result of which stockholders might not have been able to sell or purchase our common stock at the volume, price or time desired. Further, if our common stock is removed from the Russell 3000® Index because it does not meet the criteria for continued inclusion in such index, index funds, institutional investors, or other holders attempting to track the composition of that index may be required to sell our common stock, which would adversely impact the price and frequency at which it trades.

General Business Risks

Enhanced market and economic volatility due to adverse economic and geopolitical conditions, health crises or dislocations in the credit markets, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends.

Our business may be adversely affected by market and economic volatility experienced by the U.S. and global economies, the real estate industry as a whole and/or the local economies in the markets in which our properties are located. Such adverse conditions may be due to, among other issues, rising inflation and interest rates, volatility in the public equity and debt markets, labor market challenges and international economic and other conditions, including pandemics, geopolitical instability, sanctions and other conditions beyond our control. These current conditions, or similar conditions existing in the future, may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay dividends as a result of one or more of the following, among other potential consequences:

Breaches of information technology systems could materially harm our business and reputation.

We collect and retain on information technology systems, certain financial, personal and other sensitive information provided by third parties, including tenants, vendors, employees and joint venture partners. We also rely on information technology systems for the collection and distribution of funds. We have been, and continue to be, subject to cybersecurity attacks although we have not incurred any significant loss therefrom. There can be no assurance that we will be able to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information or the unauthorized distribution of funds. Any loss of this information or unauthorized distribution of funds as a result of a cybersecurity attack may result in loss of funds to which we are entitled, legal liability and costs (including damages and penalties), as well as damage to our reputation, that could materially and adversely affect our business.

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Artificial intelligence and other machine learning techniques could increase competitive, operational, legal and regulatory risks to our business in ways that we cannot predict.

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The use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) by us and others, and the overall adoption of AI throughout society, may exacerbate or create new and unpredictable competitive, operational, legal and regulatory risks to our business. There is substantial uncertainty about the extent to which AI will result in dramatic changes throughout the world, and we may not be able to anticipate, prevent, mitigate or remediate all of the potential risks, challenges or impacts of such changes. These changes could potentially disrupt, among other things, our business and operational processes. Our competitors may be more successful than us in the development and implementation of services and platforms based on AI to improve their operations. If we are unable to adequately use AI, or do so at a slower pace than others in our industry, we will be at a competitive disadvantage.

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If the data we, or third parties whose services we rely on and over whom we have limited oversight, use in connection with the possible development or deployment of AI is incomplete, inadequate or biased in some way, the performance of our business could suffer. Data in technology that uses AI may contain a degree of inaccuracy and error, which could result in flawed decision-making on our part and other service providers. This could reduce the effectiveness of AI technologies and adversely impact us and our operations to the extent that we rely on the AI's work product. There is also a risk that we or our service providers may improperly disclose confidential information, including material non-public information or personally identifiable information, into AI applications, resulting in such information becoming a part of a dataset that is accessible by third parties.

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Our and our service providers use of AI may require compliance with legal or regulatory frameworks that are not fully developed or tested, and we may face litigation and regulatory actions related to our or our service providers use of AI.

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Actual or threatened epidemics, pandemics, outbreaks, or other public health crises may adversely affect our tenants’ financial condition and the profitability of our properties.

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Our business and the businesses of our tenants could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to an epidemic, pandemic, outbreak, or other public health crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. A severe public health crisis could disrupt our business and materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay distributions to our stockholders. Further, the impact of a widespread public health emergency may have the effect of exacerbating many of the other risks described in this Annual Report.

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We are dependent on third party software for our financial reporting processes and systems.

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We are dependent on third party software, and in particular, Yardi’s property management software, for generating tenant invoices, collecting receivables, paying payables and preparing financial reports. If the software does not perform as required (including non-performance resulting from the software vendors’ unwillingness or inability to maintain or upgrade the functionality of the software), our ability to conduct operations would be adversely affected.

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