Origin Bancorp, Inc. (OBK) Business

Item 1.    Business

Our Company

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” “the Company” or “Origin” refer to Origin Bancorp, Inc., a Louisiana corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries. All references to “Origin Bank” or “the Bank” refer to Origin Bank, our wholly-owned bank subsidiary.

Origin Bancorp, Inc. is a financial holding company headquartered in Ruston, Louisiana. Our wholly owned bank subsidiary, Origin Bank, was founded in 1912 in Choudrant, Louisiana. Deeply rooted in our history is a culture committed to providing personalized, relationship banking to businesses, municipalities, and personal clients to enrich the lives of the people in the communities we serve. We provide a broad range of financial services and currently operates more than 56 locations in Dallas/Fort Worth, East Texas, Houston, North Louisiana, Mississippi, South Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. In addition, we provide a broad range of insurance agency products and services through our wholly owned insurance agency subsidiary, Forth Insurance, LLC. At December 31, 2025, we had total assets of $9.72 billion, total loans held for investment (“LHFI”) of $7.67 billion, total deposits of $8.31 billion and total stockholders’ equity of $1.25 billion.

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the stock symbol “OBK”.

We are committed to building unique client experiences through a strong culture, experienced leadership team and a focus on delivering unmatched customer service throughout Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. Our success has been based on (1) a talented team of relationship bankers, executives and directors; (2) a diverse footprint with stable and growth-oriented markets; (3) differentiated and customized delivery and service; (4) our core deposit franchise and (5) an ability to significantly leverage our infrastructure and technology.

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Successful execution of our strategic plan has produced significant growth in our franchise. Since 2005, we have enhanced our growth by integrating four bank acquisitions, entering de novo into several expansion markets, expanding our product offerings in mortgage lending as well as in insurance and private banking. We have supported our markets by hiring a number of experienced in-market bankers and banking teams. In 2024, we entered our Southeast market, consisting of South Alabama and the Florida Panhandle, with two banking locations staffed with experienced relationship bankers and their support personnel. To support our growth, we have raised over $589.6 million of new Tier 1 capital since 2006, including proceeds from our initial public offering completed in May 2018, we issued subordinated notes that are treated as Tier 2 capital for regulatory purposes in 2020, and we completed an all stock merger valued at $307.8 million in 2022. Through these efforts, we have successfully increased our market share in our key geographic markets.

Our Competitive Strengths and Banking Strategy

Organic Growth Capabilities with Strategic Acquisitions

We have historically been able to demonstrate our ability to grow our loans and deposits organically. Our team of seasoned bankers has been an important driver of our organic growth by further developing banking relationships with current and potential clients. Our relationship bankers are motivated to increase the size of their loan and deposit portfolios and generate fee income while maintaining strong credit quality. To promote our organic growth, we strategically locate banking centers within our markets and employ highly experienced relationship bankers who proactively develop valuable relationships within the communities that we serve. Through these relationships, our bankers are able to meet our customers’ needs and capitalize on loan demand across a wide range of industries. This allows us to not only diversify our loan portfolio, but also focus on loans with quality credit characteristics.

We focus on generating and retaining core deposits as our primary funding source to support loan growth. We believe motivating our relationship bankers to generate strong deposit growth enhances our ability to build and strengthen client relationships and provide stable funding for future growth.

We will continue to evaluate selective acquisition opportunities that we believe could enhance our business model within our attractive geographic footprint and other complementary markets.

A Unique from Within Client Experience

Our mission is to passionately pursue ways to make banking and insurance more rewarding for our employees, customers, communities, and stockholders. We have a deep commitment to providing an unmatched client experience that exceeds our customers’ expectations. We believe by aligning our processes, philosophy, technology, and culture; we create a seamless experience that goes beyond the transactional and becomes transformational. Trust, encouraging strong work ethic, innovation, flexibility, forward-thinking, genuine respect for others, commitment to our community, and never compromising our integrity are our values, and are the foundation of our company.

Concentration on Sound Asset Quality

We believe that asset quality is a key to long-term financial success. We seek to maintain sound asset quality by moderating credit risk, adhering to prudent lending practices and promoting a relationship-based approach to commercial and consumer banking. Our executive management team has extensive knowledge of the bank regulatory landscape, significant experience navigating interest rate and credit cycles and a long history of collaboration, which we believe may help us avoid or mitigate unforeseen losses.

Expanding Revenue Sources

We offer commercial and retail customers a wide range of products and services that provide us with a diversified revenue stream and help us to solidify customer relationships. We provide products and services that compete with large, national banks but with the personalized attention and responsiveness of a relationship-focused community bank. Our offerings include traditional retail deposits, treasury management, commercial deposits, commercial and consumer loans, mortgage origination, insurance, mobile banking and online banking. Our clients value our ability to provide the sophisticated products and services of larger banks, but with a local and agile decision-making process, a focus on building personal relationships, and a commitment to investing in the local economy and community. This allows us to build Origin Bank by focusing on stable core deposit relationships, high credit quality loans, and fee income generated by value-added services. It also allows us to develop strong relationships across industries, creating a diverse commercial loan portfolio.

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We believe we have an attractive mix of loans and deposits. At December 31, 2025, our LHFI portfolio was comprised of 32.8% commercial and industrial loans including mortgage warehouse loans, and 40.9% commercial real estate loans, including construction/land/land development loans. Our commercial real estate loans are 39.8% owner-occupied and 60.2% non-owner-occupied. At December 31, 2025, approximately 23.8% of our deposits were noninterest-bearing demand deposits.

In January 2025, we announced Optimize Origin, which is an initiative to drive elite financial performance and enhance our award-winning culture built on three primary pillars:

•Productivity, Delivery & Efficiency

•Balance Sheet Optimization

•Culture & Employee Engagement

This initiative established an initial near term target of greater than a 1% ROAA run rate by the fourth quarter of 2025 and an ultimate target of top quartile ROAA, surpassed in part by branch consolidations, headcount reductions, securities optimization, capital optimization, and cash/liquidity management. We believe the actions we have taken through December 31, 2025, in furtherance of our Optimize Origin initiative have driven or will drive earnings improvement of approximately $37.2 million annually on a pre-tax basis. As a result, we exceeded our original goal in delivering a ROAA run rate of 1.19% for the fourth quarter of 2025. Looking ahead to 2026, our goal is to achieve an ROAA run rate of 1.15% or higher by the fourth quarter of 2026.

Our Markets

We currently operate in the markets of Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, East Texas, North Louisiana, Mississippi, South Alabama and the Florida Panhandle, all of which offer attractive combinations of diversity, growth and stability.

The Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston markets represent two of the largest and fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the country. These markets provide attractive economic environments and offer significant deposit and lending opportunities as they are home to many large and mid-size corporations across a wide range of industries that include healthcare, manufacturing, construction, higher education, agriculture, energy, transportation and technology.

The North Louisiana markets offer a stable economic climate with lower costs associated with deposit gathering and our operational platform. Our footprint in Mississippi comprises areas of significant commercial investment and additional growth opportunities. In 2024, we entered our Southeast market, consisting of South Alabama and the Florida Panhandle, with two banking locations staffed with experienced relationship bankers and their support personnel. The Southeast market is supported by strong economic growth, a skilled workforce, and strong defense industry presence, along with expanding infrastructure. We believe all of our markets provide favorable business climates and continued opportunity for growth, and now with our expansion into Southern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle, we have further grown our presence across the lower half of the United States.

Our Banking Services

We are focused on delivering a broad range of relationship-driven financial services tailored to meet the needs of small and medium-sized businesses, municipalities, and retail clients. We principally operate in one business segment, community banking. We are primarily engaged in attracting deposits from individuals and businesses and using these deposits and borrowed funds to originate commercial, residential mortgage, construction and consumer loans.

We have primarily grown our assets, deposits, and business organically by building relationships through our lending products, expanding our deposit products and delivery capabilities, opening new branches, and hiring experienced bankers with existing customer relationships in our market areas.

A general discussion of the range of financial services we offer follows.

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Lending Activities

We originate loans secured by single and multifamily real estate, residential construction and commercial buildings. In addition, we make loans to small and mid-sized businesses, as well as to consumers for a variety of purposes. Our loan portfolio at the dates indicated was comprised as follows:

Commercial Real Estate Loans and Construction/Land/Land Development Loans. We primarily originate commercial real estate loans and construction/land/land development loans that are generally secured by real estate located in our market areas. Our commercial mortgage loans are generally collateralized by first liens on real estate and amortized over 20 to 30 years, with balloon payments typically due at the end of five years. These loans are generally underwritten by addressing cash flow (debt service coverage), primary, secondary, and tertiary sources of repayment, the financial strength of any guarantor, the strength of the tenant (if any), the borrower’s liquidity and leverage, management experience, ownership structure, economic conditions, industry-specific trends and collateral. Commercial real estate loans have contributed interest income of $143.0 million, $146.5 million and $135.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, while construction/land/land development loans have contributed interest income of $48.7 million, $73.9 million and $69.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Consumer Loans and Residential Real Estate Loans. Our consumer loan portfolio is primarily composed of secured and unsecured loans that we originate. The largest component of our consumer loan portfolio is for residential real estate purposes. We originate one-to-four family residential mortgage loans generally secured by property located in our primary market areas. These loans are underwritten by giving consideration to the borrower’s ability to pay, stability of employment or source of income, debt-to-income ratio, credit history and loan-to-value ratio. Consumer loans also include closed-end second mortgages, home equity lines of credit and our mortgage loans held for sale. Consumer and residential real estate loans have contributed interest income of $112.3 million, $100.6 million and $83.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Commercial and Industrial Loans. Commercial and industrial loans are made for a variety of business purposes, including working capital, inventory, equipment and capital expansion. The terms for commercial loans are generally one to seven years. Commercial loans are generally underwritten by addressing cash flow (debt service coverage), primary and secondary sources of repayment, the financial strength of any guarantor, the borrower’s liquidity and leverage, management experience, ownership structure, economic conditions, industry specific trends and collateral. Commercial and industrial loans have contributed interest income of $144.8 million, $163.9 million and $155.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Mortgage Warehouse Loans. Mortgage warehouse loans are extended to mortgage companies and secured by loan participations in mortgages that are typically sold within 15 to 25 days. The loans are underwritten by the approved mortgage company using agency or investor guidelines. The loans are then committed to a secondary market investor and are primarily made up of agency-eligible conventional loans (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac), government loans (Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) loans, Veterans Administration loans, U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Housing Development loans) and qualified jumbo loans. Mortgage warehouse loans have contributed interest income of $28.4 million, $31.6 million and $21.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Credit Risks. The principal economic risk associated with each category of loans we make is the creditworthiness of the borrower and the ability of the borrower to repay the relevant loan. Borrower creditworthiness is affected by general economic conditions, including interest rates, inflation, and in the case of commercial borrowers, demand for the borrower’s products and services, and other factors affecting the borrower’s customers, suppliers and employees.

Mortgage warehouse loan risk is primarily centered in the borrower’s adherence to agency or investor underwriting guidelines, while the risk associated with the underlying consumer mortgage loan repayment, as similar to other consumer loans, depends on the borrower’s financial stability and are more likely than commercial loans to be adversely affected by divorce, job loss, illness and other personal hardships.

Risks associated with real estate loans also include fluctuations in the value of real estate, new job creation trends, tenant vacancy rates, economic downturns that create the need for temporary payment forbearances and, in the case of commercial borrowers, the quality of the borrower’s management. Consumer loan repayments depend on the borrower’s financial stability and are more likely than commercial loans to be adversely affected by divorce, job loss, illness and other personal hardships.

Lending Philosophy. Our lending philosophy is driven by our commitment to centralized underwriting for all loans, local market knowledge, long-term customer relationships and a conservative credit culture. To implement this philosophy, we have established various levels of authority and review, including our Credit Risk Management Group. In each loan review, we emphasize cash flow and secondary and tertiary repayment sources, such as guarantors and collateral. We generally avoid lending to highly cyclical industries and typically avoid making certain types of loans that we consider to be higher risk.

Lending Policies. We have established common documentation requirements and policies for each type of loan. We have also established a corporate loan committee with authority to approve loans up to the legal lending limit of Origin Bank. During 2025, credit relationships of $8.0 million or greater were generally presented to the corporate loan committee for approval or ratification of approval prior to committing to the loan. In October 2025, this amount increased to $10.0 million. The corporate loan committee meets weekly and on an ad hoc basis as needed.

Origin Bank’s board of directors reviews our lending policies and procedures at least annually. In addition, there are legal restrictions on the maximum amount of loans available for each lending relationship. Origin Bank is subject to certain legal lending limits under the Louisiana Banking Law and Federal Reserve Regulation O. At December 31, 2025, we had established a general in-house lending limit ranging between $30.0 million and $35.0 million to any one borrower, excluding mortgage warehouse lines of credit, based upon our internal risk rating of the relationship. Due to multiple sources of repayment, mortgage warehouse lines of credit have a general in-house lending limit ranging between $75.0 million and $100.0 million to any one borrower.

Deposits and Other Sources of Funds

An important aspect of our business franchise is the ability to gather deposits. At December 31, 2025, we held $8.31 billion of total deposits and have grown deposits at a compound annual growth rate of 16.4% since December 31, 2003. At December 31, 2025, 95.0% of our total deposits were core deposits (defined as total deposits excluding time deposits greater than $250,000, brokered and Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service deposits). We offer a wide range of deposit services, including checking, savings, money market accounts and time deposits. We obtain most of our deposits from individuals, small businesses and municipalities in our market areas. At December 31, 2025, 56.9% of our deposits were business deposits, 31.3% were consumer deposits and 11.8% were public fund deposits. We employ a deposit-focused sales force of business development bankers who have extensive contacts and connections with targeted clients and centers of influence throughout our communities. We also have access to secondary sources of funding, including advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, borrowings at the Federal Reserve Discount Window, brokered deposits and other borrowings.

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Mortgage Banking

We are also engaged in the residential mortgage banking business, which primarily generates income from the sale of mortgage loans. We originate residential mortgage loans in our markets as a service to our existing customers and as a way to develop relationships with new customers in order to support our core banking strategy. Revenue from our mortgage banking activities was $3.7 million, $6.6 million and $3.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In early 2024, we sold substantially all of our mortgage servicing rights (“MSR”) asset and recorded a $410,000 gain on the sale. In 2025, as part of our Optimize Origin initiative, we restructured the manner in which we deliver residential mortgage loans that are sold in the secondary market in order to reduce financial volatility and balance sheet risk, which was achieved through a correspondent relationship with a third-party mortgage company.

Insurance

We offer a wide variety of commercial and personal property and casualty insurance products through our wholly-owned insurance agency subsidiary, Forth Insurance. With decades of collective experience in the insurance industry and over 130 experienced professionals, our agency has primary operating locations across Louisiana, with additional offices in Dallas, Texas. Forth Insurance also has the licensed ability to provide insurance products in other states across the United States. Insurance commission and fee income was $27.1 million, $26.8 million and $25.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Other Banking Services

Given customer demand for increased convenience and account access, we offer a wide range of products and services, including 24-hour internet banking and voice response information, mobile applications, cash management, business credit cards, overdraft protection, direct deposit, safe deposit boxes, automatic account transfers, peer-to-peer electronic pay solutions, including Zelle for small businesses and personal financial management solutions.

Information Technology Systems

We continue to make significant investments in our information technology systems for our banking operations and treasury services to enhance our capabilities to offer new products and overall customer experience, to provide scale for future growth and acquisitions, and to increase controls and efficiencies in our back-office operations. Our core data processing platform is from a nationally-recognized bank processing vendor, and we leverage the capabilities of a third-party service provider in developing our network design and architecture. We also actively manage our business continuity plan and utilize top tier cybersecurity solutions within our networks. The majority of our other systems, including electronic funds transfer and transaction processing, are operated in-house. Online banking services and other public-facing web services are performed using third-party service providers. We strive to follow all recommendations outlined by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council and we perform regular tests of the adequacy of our contingency plans for key functions and systems.

Competition

The banking business is highly competitive, and our profitability will depend in large part on our ability to compete with other banks and nonbank financial service companies located in our markets for lending opportunities, deposit funds, financial products, bankers and acquisition targets.

We are subject to vigorous competition in all aspects of our business from banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations, finance companies, credit unions, technology companies, and other financial service providers, such as money market funds, fintech companies, brokerage firms, consumer finance companies, asset-based nonbank lenders, insurance companies and certain other non-financial entities, including retail stores which may maintain their own credit programs and certain governmental organizations which may offer more favorable financing than we can.

Many other commercial banks, savings institutions and credit unions have offices in our primary market areas. These institutions include many of the largest banks operating in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Alabama and the Panhandle of Florida, including various national banks. Our competitors often have greater resources, have broader geographic markets, have higher lending limits, offer various services that we may not currently offer and make broader use of media advertising, support services and electronic technology than we do. To offset these competitive disadvantages, we depend on our reputation as having greater personal service, consistency, flexibility and the ability to make credit and other business decisions quickly.

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Human Capital Management

At December 31, 2025, we had 988 full-time equivalent employees, who benefit from a variety of initiatives designed to retain, grow, and develop them in becoming the best versions of themselves. At Origin, our culture has always been the foundation of our success. We work to define our culture in everything we do. It is in our attitudes, our desire to help others, our core values; it is in our interactions with our customers and communities. Culture is the soul of who we are as a company, and it starts with our employees.

Social Impact

Our Purpose: To enrich the lives of the people in our community. True commitment extends beyond the banking center. Making a difference for our customers starts with setting an example through our own actions. Each member of our Origin team brings their own personal experiences and interests to inform the service they provide. In return, we learn from our customers and use this new understanding to go out and improve the places we call home.

Health & Wellness

We provide competitive compensation and benefits in order to attract and retain top talent. In addition to base pay and stock awards, we have several incentive programs designed to link performance to pay and drive results towards the achievement of overall corporate goals.

We offer robust health, wellness and financial benefits as detailed below:

•Comprehensive medical benefits with $0 cost options for employees

•Competitive ancillary benefits, such as dental, vision, critical illness, legal and identity theft coverage

•Generous paid time off (“PTO”) policy

•Company-paid short and long-term disability and life insurance

•Flexible spending accounts for both healthcare and dependent care

•Health savings accounts with Company contributions

•401(k) retirement savings program with Company match, along with free access to financial advisors to assist with retirement planning

•Employee Stock Purchase Program

•Paid parental leave

•Employee Assistance Program, which offers counseling and mental wellness appointments at no cost to the employee

We continue to expand our holistic wellness offerings through programs such as DreamManager, Health & Wellness coaching, financial wellness initiatives, and Project Enrich, all designed to support employees’ physical, emotional, and financial well-being. Our dedicated health and safety program provides ongoing training and resources to maintain a safe workplace and reinforce our commitment to mental, emotional and physical well-being. A full-time National Board Certified Health & Wellness Coach (‘NBC-HWC’) leads our wellness initiatives, providing regular education and individualized coaching. In 2025, approximately 10% of employees engaged in one-on-one coaching to support their personal health goals.

Employee Engagement & Feedback

Attracting, developing and retaining talented employees is critical to our success and is an integral part of our human capital strategy. Employee feedback is highly valued at Origin and employees provide anonymous input through multiple engagement surveys each year, facilitated by Microsoft Viva Glint (“Glint”), a platform designed to strengthen engagement, development, and organizational performance. Origin continues to rank within the top tier of Glint’s global customer base for employee engagement. We receive hundreds of written comments from each survey that in turn are used to improve processes, policies and programs in an effort to show tangible affirmation of those comments.

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“The Origin Insider,” our monthly meeting series launched during the pandemic, continues to offer employees deeper insight into Bank operations, leadership perspectives, and topics that support personal and professional well-being.

Our Dream Manager® program assists our employees in meeting their own personal and professional goals in addition to helping them improve physically, emotionally, intellectually and spiritually. Over 350 employees have participated in this program since 2019. We also offer a nationally-recognized financial wellness program (SmartDollar) that is designed to assist our employees in becoming debt-free and in saving money for emergencies and retirement, empowering them to become better financially prepared for their future, which during 2025 had a participation rate over 43%. Due to our adoption rate, we won a national award in 2021 from the Dave Ramsey Foundation called the “Vision” award.

Talent Development

We have enhanced our culture and talent management function by implementing a Human Capital Management (“HCM”) program. We make significant investments in formal development programs to build our talent pipeline. Talent development at Origin begins with our comprehensive recruitment program and continues throughout the employee life cycle. We recognize that our success is highly dependent on our ability to attract, retain and develop our people. To foster this development, the Company engages in annual succession planning focused on building a strong, diverse talent pipeline.

We conduct regular succession assessments and performance reviews, supported by individualized development plans that guide employees in achieving career goals. Our Giving Interns Valuable Experience (“G.I.V.E.”) program was launched in 2021 and since that time, we have welcomed a diverse group of 83 interns from 31 different universities. Over 39% of interns have been minorities.

We provide our employees and their families access to a platform called “Right Now Media at Work,” which has thousands of streaming videos dedicated to both personal and professional development. This tool is designed to enhance work, life and leadership skills and is used for team building and individual development plans. In addition, employees can access a variety of personal care topics such as finances, relationships and mental health.

We utilize assessment tools such as Predictive Index to ensure employees are placed in jobs which best suit their skills and personalities. We also use these insights for team building by teaching employees how to better understand and communicate with each other based on their profile.

We believe it is critical to support our employees in their career development goals, and we provide various paths to assist employees in their development. We strive to promote from within when possible, so most open positions are posted internally before we begin looking externally to hire. This allows us to provide more growth opportunities for current employees. In addition, all employees have access to the Origin Career Center, which provides multiple resources to assist employees in identifying their career path goals and what steps need to be taken to enhance their promotional opportunities. Our Career Manager program offers young professionals one-on-one time with senior leaders to accelerate their understanding of the business of banking. Our formal mentorship program provides structured guidance from experienced leaders, supporting employees as they prepare for future roles.

We provide advanced development for next-generation leaders via our formal Leadership programs, the Origin Leadership Academy and the Emerging Leaders Council, which provide structured training and collaboration with other aspiring leaders throughout the organization. The Origin Leadership Academy is a two-year program designed to prepare participants to move into executive roles as part of our succession planning. Participants are chosen by senior management. The Emerging Leaders Council is a one-year program designed to train and develop rising leaders in our organization. Both programs feature interactive team building activities, group projects and in-depth leadership training.

Belonging At Origin

Inclusion is vital to Origin. We are committed to providing equal employment opportunities with regards to recruiting, compensation, performance and promotion decisions without discriminating on the basis of gender, sexual orientation, age, family status, ethnic origin, nationality, disability, race, color, religious belief or any other legally protected characteristics.

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At Origin, we believe success is built on the collaborative efforts of exceptional talent. Our ongoing focus is to leverage this diverse array of knowledge and skills, fostering an inclusive environment that is a driving force for sustained growth. Making a difference for our customers starts with setting an example through our own actions. We employ proven, knowledgeable team members with extensive expertise when it comes to our banking and insurance activities. Each member of our Origin team brings their own personal experiences and interests to inform the service they provide. In addition, we learn from our customers and use this new understanding to go out and improve the places we call home.

One of our core values is genuine respect for yourself and others. This value is an essential component of our culture and is demonstrated by the way we conduct business, foster individual and team enrichment, and participate in our communities. We believe it is only with an inclusive workplace that the organization can truly perform at its best, carry out its vision and make a difference in the communities we serve. Our Diversity Council consists of diverse employees that collectively advance our belonging efforts in a way that makes a difference within our workplace and in the communities we serve. We remain committed to ensuring all employees have equitable opportunities to grow, contribute, and be recognized for their performance.

We actively support and celebrate cultural events throughout the year. We are focused on creating an inclusive and high-performance culture through our education workshops, which include topics like Understanding, Recognizing and Interrupting Biases and Advancing Allyship. In 2025, we expanded these offerings with additional learning modules designed to deepen cultural competency and strengthen inclusive leadership behaviors.

Our team members form authentic relationships with those around them based on mutual respect, dignity and understanding. The Company has non-discrimination and antiharassment policies as outlined in our employee handbook. These policies drive a workplace and workforce that embraces the highest ethical and moral standards.

None of our employees are represented by any collective bargaining unit or are parties to a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that our relations with our employees are good.

Community & Volunteerism

One of our core values is individual and corporate commitment to our communities. For Origin, this means more than fancy words that are written to impress our stakeholders.

Since our inception, we have been deeply committed to building relationships and making a difference in our local communities. Investing in people, communities and local businesses is part of our mission. We strive to understand their needs and how we can help them attain their goals and improve the quality of lives throughout our five state footprint.

Additionally, our Project Enrich program provides employees with up to twenty hours of paid time off per year to volunteer in the communities we serve. In 2025, the employees of Origin volunteered 4,473 hours during working hours, not including 1,273 hours of personal time outside of working hours. Participation in Project Enrich reached 76% of employees in 2025, reflecting strong engagement across the organization. Since its launch in 2013, Project Enrich has facilitated 29,675 total volunteer hours through December 31, 2025 - demonstrating our long-standing commitment to community and volunteerism. In addition to volunteerism, we continue to support community needs through targeted financial contributions, including initiatives that strengthen local schools and expand access to essential resources.

Over the past several years, Origin Bank has been honored to be recognized for our commitment to our communities and our customers, including:

•United Way Circle of Honor and Gold Award

•Volunteer Louisiana Champion of Service

•Spirit of Giving Award

•Boys and Girls Club

•State of Louisiana Distinguished Partner in Education

•Best of the Delta

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Origin has a responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) to help meet the credit needs of its communities. We believe that helping to meet these needs is necessary for the continued growth and vitality of our communities. Our current community investment strategy includes lending, broadening digital access, and increasing financial literacy programs. Through strategic nonprofit partnerships, inspiring volunteer experiences, and philanthropy, our corporate responsibility efforts are focused on creating a better world. Building on over 100 years of working in our community, Origin offers unique opportunities for collective action, enhancing existing giving and volunteer initiatives with the Origin community.

As part of Origin’s ongoing commitment to expanding financial education, we launched a targeted digital campaign in 2024, continuing through 2025, that leverages paid social media and an Always-On Paid Search strategy. These efforts are designed to increase visibility and access to the bank’s online financial education resources for both consumers and small businesses. Highlights include:

•The consumer-focused program generated 3,993,260 impressions with a Click-Through Rate (“CTR”) of 0.55%, more than double the industry benchmark of 0.22%.

•The small business program achieved 952,140 impressions and a CTR of 0.60%, also exceeding the benchmark.

•Since launch, our financial education blogs have received 20,130 sessions, a 1,292% increase in traffic compared to pre-campaign levels.

These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our digital strategy in expanding financial literacy and increasing access to trusted educational content across our communities, underscoring our commitment to delivering accessible, high-quality financial education and strengthening the capacity of individuals and small businesses to make informed, responsible financial decisions.

Corporate Information

We were organized as a business corporation in 1991 under the laws of the state of Louisiana. Our principal executive offices are located at 500 South Service Road East, Ruston, Louisiana 71270, and our telephone number is (318) 255-2222. Our website is www.origin.bank. We make available at this address, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our annual reports to stockholders, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These documents are also available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The information contained on, or accessible from, our website does not constitute a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference herein.

Supervision, Regulation and Other Factors

We are extensively regulated under federal and state law. The following is a brief summary that does not purport to be a complete description of all regulations that affect us or all aspects of those regulations. This discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory and regulatory provisions described below and is not intended to be an exhaustive description of the statutes or regulations applicable to the Company’s and Origin Bank’s business. In addition, proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the banking industry are frequently raised at both the state and federal levels. The likelihood and timing of any changes in these laws and regulations, and the impact such changes may have on us and Origin Bank, are difficult to predict. Regulatory agencies may issue enforcement actions, policy statements, interpretive letters and similar written guidance applicable to us or to Origin Bank. Changes in applicable laws, regulations or regulatory guidance, or their interpretation by regulatory agencies or courts may have a material adverse effect on our and Origin Bank’s business, operations, and earnings.

Origin Bank, and in some cases, we and our nonbank affiliates, must undergo regular examinations by the appropriate regulatory agency, which will examine for adherence to a range of legal and regulatory compliance responsibilities. A bank regulator conducting an examination has complete access to the books and records of the examined institution. The results of the examination are confidential. Supervision and regulation of banks, their holding companies and affiliates is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and clients, the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”) of the FDIC, and the U.S. banking and financial system rather than holders of our securities.

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Regulation of the Company

We are registered as a bank holding company with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) under the Bank Holding Company Act, as amended (the “BHC Act”) and have elected to be treated as a financial holding company. As such, we are subject to comprehensive supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve and are subject to its regulatory reporting requirements. Federal law subjects bank holding companies, such as the Company, to restrictions on the types of activities in which they may engage, and to a range of supervisory requirements. In addition, the Louisiana Office of Financial Institutions (the “OFI”) regulates bank holding companies that own Louisiana-chartered banks, such as us, under the bank holding company laws of the State of Louisiana. Various federal and state bodies regulate and supervise our non-bank activities including our insurance agency activities. These include, but are not limited to, various state regulators of insurance activities.

Violations of laws and regulations, or other unsafe and unsound practices, may result in regulatory agencies imposing fines or penalties, cease and desist orders, or taking other enforcement actions. Under certain circumstances, these agencies may enforce these remedies directly against officers, directors, employees and other parties participating in the affairs of a bank or bank holding company. Like all bank holding companies, we are regulated extensively under federal and state law. Under federal and state laws and regulations pertaining to the safety and soundness of insured depository institutions, state banking regulators, the Federal Reserve, and separately the FDIC as the insurer of bank deposits, have the authority to compel or restrict certain actions on our part if they determine that we have insufficient capital or other resources, or are otherwise operating in a manner that may be deemed to be inconsistent with safe and sound banking practices. Under this authority, our regulators can require us or our subsidiaries to enter into informal or formal supervisory agreements, including board resolutions, memoranda of understanding, written agreements and consent or cease and desist orders, pursuant to which we would be required to take identified corrective actions to address cited concerns and to refrain from taking certain actions.

If we become subject to and are unable to comply with the terms of any regulatory actions or directives, supervisory agreements, or orders, then we could become subject to additional, heightened supervisory actions and orders, possibly including prompt corrective action restrictions and/or other regulatory actions, including prohibitions on the payment of dividends on our common stock and preferred stock. If our regulators were to take such supervisory actions, then we could, among other things, become subject to significant restrictions on our ability to develop any new business, as well as restrictions on our existing business, and we could be required to raise additional capital, dispose of certain assets and liabilities within a prescribed period of time, or both. The terms of any such action could have a material negative effect on our business, reputation, operating flexibility, financial condition, and the value of our securities.

Activity Limitations

As a financial holding company, we are permitted to engage directly or indirectly in a broader range of activities than those permitted for a bank holding company that has not elected to be a financial holding company. Bank holding companies are generally restricted to engaging in the business of banking, managing or controlling banks and certain other activities determined by the Federal Reserve to be closely related to banking. Financial holding companies may also engage in activities that are considered to be financial in nature, as well as those incidental or, if determined by the Federal Reserve, complementary to financial activities. We rely on our financial holding company status to engage in insurance agency activities.

If Origin Bank ceases to be “well capitalized” or “well managed” under applicable regulatory standards, or if Origin Bank receives a rating of less than satisfactory under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”), the Federal Reserve may, among other things, place limitations on our ability to conduct these broader financial activities or, if the deficiencies persist, require us to divest the banking subsidiary or the businesses engaged in activities permissible only for financial holding companies.

In addition, the Federal Reserve has the power to order a bank holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any nonbanking activity or terminate its ownership or control of any nonbank subsidiary, when it has reasonable cause to believe that continuation of such activity or such ownership or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness, or stability of any bank subsidiary of that bank holding company. As further described below, each of the Company and Origin Bank is well-capitalized under applicable regulatory standards as of December 31, 2025, and Origin Bank has an overall rating of “Satisfactory” in its most recent CRA evaluation.

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Source of Strength Obligations

A bank holding company, such as us, is required to act as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary bank. The term “source of financial strength” means the ability of a company, such as us, that directly or indirectly owns or controls an insured depository institution, such as Origin Bank, to provide financial assistance to such insured depository institution in the event of financial distress. The appropriate federal banking agency for the depository institution (in the case of Origin Bank, this agency is the Federal Reserve) may require reports from us to assess our ability to serve as a source of strength and to enforce compliance with the source of strength requirements by requiring us to provide financial assistance to Origin Bank in the event of financial distress. If we were to enter bankruptcy or become subject to the orderly liquidation process established by the Dodd-Frank Act, any commitment by us to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of Origin Bank would be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee or the FDIC, as appropriate, and entitled to a priority of payment. In addition, the FDIC provides that any insured depository institution generally will be liable for any loss incurred by the FDIC in connection with the default of, or any assistance provided by the FDIC to, a commonly controlled insured depository institution. Origin Bank is an FDIC-insured depository institution and thus subject to these requirements.

Acquisitions

The BHC Act permits acquisitions of banks by bank holding companies, such that we and any other bank holding company, whether located in Louisiana or elsewhere, may acquire a bank located in any other state, subject to certain deposit-percentage, age of bank charter requirements, and other restrictions. The BHC Act requires that a bank holding company obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before (i) acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares of any additional bank or bank holding company, (ii) taking any action that causes an additional bank or bank holding company to become a subsidiary of the bank holding company, or (iii) merging or consolidating with any other bank holding company. The Federal Reserve may not approve any such transaction that would result in a monopoly or would be in furtherance of any combination or conspiracy to monopolize or attempt to monopolize the business of banking in any section of the United States, or the effect of which may be substantially to lessen competition or to tend to create a monopoly in any section of the country, or that in any other manner would be in restraint of trade, unless the anticompetitive effects of the proposed transaction are clearly outweighed in the public interest by the probable effect of the transaction in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served. The Federal Reserve is also required to consider: (1) the financial and managerial resources of the companies involved, including pro forma capital ratios; (2) the risk to the stability of the United States banking or financial system; (3) the convenience and needs of the communities to be served, including performance under the CRA; and (4) the effectiveness of the company in combatting money laundering.

Change in Control

Federal law restricts the amount of voting stock of a bank holding company or a bank that a person, entity or group may acquire without the prior approval of banking regulators. Under the Change in Bank Control Act and the regulations thereunder, a person, entity or group must give advance notice to the Federal Reserve before acquiring control of any bank holding company, such as the Company, or before acquiring control of any FDIC-insured bank, such as Origin Bank. Upon receipt of such notice, the Federal Reserve may approve or disapprove the acquisition. The Change in Bank Control Act creates a rebuttable presumption of control if a person, entity or group acquires the power to vote 10% or more of our outstanding common stock. The overall effect of such laws is to make it more difficult to acquire a bank holding company and a bank by tender offer or similar means than it might be to acquire control of another type of corporation. Consequently, shareholders of the Company may be less likely to benefit from the rapid increases in stock prices that may result from tender offers or similar efforts to acquire control of other companies. Investors should be aware of these requirements when acquiring shares of our stock.

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Governance and Financial Reporting Obligations

We are required to comply with various corporate governance and financial reporting requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules and regulations adopted by the SEC and the New York Stock Exchange. Additionally, our independent registered public accounting firm, Forvis Mazars, LLP, is required to comply with rules established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) as they related to the completion of the audit of our consolidated financial statements. In particular, we are required to include management and independent registered public accounting firm reports on internal controls as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K in order to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We have evaluated our controls, including compliance with the SEC rules on internal controls, and have spent, and expect to continue to spend significant amounts of time and money on compliance with these rules. Our failure to comply with these internal control rules may materially adversely affect our reputation, ability to obtain the necessary certifications to financial statements, and the values of our securities.

Volcker Rule

Section 13 of the BHC Act, commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule,” generally prohibits banking organizations from (i) engaging in certain proprietary trading, and (ii) acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in or sponsoring a “covered fund,” all subject to certain exceptions. The Volcker Rule also specifies certain limited activities in which banking organizations may continue to engage and requires us to maintain a compliance program. Banking organizations, such as us, with $10 billion or less in total consolidated assets and with total trading assets and liabilities of less than 5% of total consolidated assets are exempt from the Volcker Rule. At December 31, 2025, we had total consolidated assets of $9.72 billion.

Based on the Company’s current activities, we do not currently expect that the Volcker Rule will have a material effect on our businesses or revenue after exceeding $10 billion, although it may prevent us from engaging in certain new activities or increase the compliance cost of new activities.

Incentive Compensation

The Dodd-Frank Act required the federal banking agencies and the SEC to establish joint rules or guidelines for financial institutions with more than $1 billion in assets, such as us and Origin Bank, which prohibit incentive compensation arrangements that the agencies determine to encourage inappropriate risks by the institution. Proposed rules were issued in 2011, 2016 and 2024, but as of December 31, 2025, these rules have not been implemented. For banks between $1 to $50 billion, the proposed rules would prohibit certain types of incentive compensation that the agencies deem as encouraging inappropriate risks, require adherence to principles of balancing risk and reward, required effective risk management over incentive compensation and enhance oversight and recordkeeping. Further, the capital conservation buffer (described below under Capital Requirements) limits discretionary bonus payments to bank executives if the institution’s regulatory capital ratios failed to exceed certain thresholds. We and Origin Bank have undertaken efforts to ensure that our incentive compensation plans do not encourage inappropriate risks, consistent with three key principles - that incentive compensation arrangements should appropriately balance risk and financial rewards, be compatible with effective controls and risk management, and be supported by strong corporate governance.

Other Regulatory Matters

We and our subsidiaries are subject to oversight by the SEC, the New York Stock Exchange, and various state securities and insurance regulators. We and our subsidiaries have from time to time received requests for information from regulatory authorities in various states, including state attorneys general, securities regulators and other regulatory authorities, concerning our business practices. Such requests are considered incidental to the normal conduct of business.

Capital Requirements

We and Origin Bank are required under federal law to maintain certain minimum capital levels based on ratios of capital to total assets and capital to risk-weighted assets. The required capital ratios are minimums, and the Federal Reserve may determine that a banking organization, based on its size, complexity or risk profile, must maintain a higher level of capital in order to operate in a safe and sound manner. Risks such as concentration of credit risks and the risk arising from non-traditional activities, as well as the institution’s exposure to a decline in the economic value of its capital due to changes in interest rates, and an institution’s ability to manage those risks, are important factors that are to be taken into account in assessing an institution’s overall capital adequacy. The following is a brief description of the relevant provisions of these capital rules and their potential impact on our capital levels.

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We and Origin Bank are subject to the following risk-based capital ratios: a Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) risk-based capital ratio, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio, which includes CET1 and additional Tier 1 capital, and a total risk-based capital ratio, which includes Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. CET1 is primarily comprised of the sum of common stock instruments and related surplus net of treasury stock plus retained earnings less certain adjustments and deductions, including with respect to goodwill, intangible assets, mortgage servicing assets and deferred tax assets subject to temporary timing differences. Additional Tier 1 capital is primarily comprised of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. Tier 2 capital consists of instruments disqualified from Tier 1 capital, including qualifying subordinated indebtedness and a limited amount of credit loss reserves up to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets, subject to certain eligibility criteria. The capital rules also define the risk-weights assigned to assets and off-balance sheet items to determine the risk-weighted asset components of the risk-based capital rules, including, for example, certain “high volatility” commercial real estate, past due assets, structured securities and equity holdings.

The leverage capital ratio, which serves as a minimum capital standard, is the ratio of Tier 1 capital to quarterly average total consolidated assets net of goodwill, certain other intangible assets, and certain required deduction items. The required minimum leverage ratio for all banks and bank holding companies is 4%.

In addition, the capital rules required a capital conservation buffer of 2.5%, comprised of CET1, above each of the minimum risk-based capital ratio requirements (CET1, Tier 1, and total capital), which is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. These buffer requirements must be met for a bank or bank holding company to be able to pay dividends, engage in share buybacks or make discretionary bonus payments to executive management without restriction.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (“FDICIA”), among other things, requires the federal bank regulatory agencies to take “prompt corrective action” regarding depository institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. FDICIA establishes five regulatory capital tiers: “well capitalized”, “adequately capitalized”, “undercapitalized”, “significantly undercapitalized”, and “critically undercapitalized”. A depository institution’s capital tier will depend upon how its capital levels compare to various relevant capital measures and certain other factors, as established by regulation. FDICIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distribution (including payment of a dividend) or paying any management fee to its holding company if the depository institution would thereafter be undercapitalized. The FDICIA imposes progressively more restrictive restraints on operations, management and capital distributions, depending on the category in which an institution is classified. Undercapitalized depository institutions are subject to restrictions on borrowing from the Federal Reserve System. In addition, undercapitalized depository institutions may not accept brokered deposits absent a waiver from the FDIC, are subject to growth limitations and are required to submit capital restoration plans for regulatory approval. A depository institution’s holding company must guarantee any required capital restoration plan, up to an amount equal to the lesser of 5% of the depository institution’s assets at the time it becomes undercapitalized or the amount of the capital deficiency when the institution fails to comply with the plan. Federal banking agencies may not accept a capital plan without determining, among other things, that the plan is based on realistic assumptions and is likely to succeed in restoring the depository institution's capital. If a depository institution fails to submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is significantly undercapitalized.

To be well-capitalized, Origin Bank must maintain at least the following capital ratios:

•6.5% CET1 to risk-weighted assets;

•8.0% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets;

•10.0% Total capital to risk-weighted assets; and

•5.0% leverage ratio.

The Federal Reserve has not yet revised the well-capitalized standard for bank holding companies to reflect the higher capital requirements imposed under the current capital rules applicable to banks. For purposes of the Federal Reserve’s Regulation Y, including determining whether a bank holding company meets the requirements to be a financial holding company, bank holding companies, such as the Company, must maintain a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater and a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater to be well-capitalized. Also, the Federal Reserve may require bank holding companies, including the Company, to maintain capital ratios substantially in excess of mandated minimum levels, depending upon general economic conditions and a bank holding company’s particular condition, risk profile and growth plans.

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Failure to be well-capitalized or to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have an adverse material effect on our operations or financial condition. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements could also result in restrictions on the Company’s or Origin Bank’s ability to pay dividends or otherwise distribute capital or to receive regulatory approval of applications or other restrictions on its growth.

Throughout and as of December 31, 2025, the Company’s and Origin Bank’s regulatory capital ratios were above the applicable well-capitalized standards and met the capital conservation buffer. Based on current estimates, we believe that the Company and Origin Bank will continue to exceed all applicable well-capitalized regulatory capital requirements and the capital conservation buffer in 2026. Please see Note 18 — Capital and Regulatory Matters in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for consolidated capital ratios of the Company and Origin Bank as of December 31, 2025.

Payment of Dividends

We are a legal entity separate and distinct from Origin Bank and our other subsidiaries. Under the laws of the State of Louisiana, we, as a business corporation, may declare and pay dividends in cash or property unless the payment or declaration would be contrary to restrictions contained in our Articles of Incorporation, or unless, after payment of the dividend, we would not be able to pay our debts when they become due in the usual course of our business or our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities. In addition, we are also subject to federal regulatory capital requirements that effectively limit the amount of cash dividends that we may pay.

The primary sources of funds for our payment of dividends to our shareholders are cash on hand and dividends from Origin Bank and our non-bank subsidiaries. Various federal and state statutory provisions and regulations limit the amount of dividends that Origin Bank may pay. Origin Bank is subject to certain restrictions on dividends under federal and state laws, regulations and policies. In general, Origin Bank may pay dividends to us without the approval of the OFI so long as the amount of the dividend does not exceed the Bank’s net profits earned during the current year combined with its retained net profits of the immediately preceding year. The Bank is required to obtain the approval of the OFI for any amount in excess of this threshold. Additionally, to pay dividends to us, under Louisiana law Origin Bank must have unimpaired surplus that equals or exceeds fifty percent of its outstanding capital stock. Further, under federal law, Origin Bank may not pay any dividend to us if it is undercapitalized, or the payment of the dividend would cause it to become undercapitalized.

In addition, we and Origin Bank are subject to various general regulatory policies and requirements relating to the payment of dividends, including requirements to maintain adequate capital above regulatory minimums. The Federal Reserve has indicated that paying dividends that deplete a bank’s capital base to an inadequate level would be an unsafe and unsound banking practice. The Federal Reserve has indicated that depository institutions and their holding companies should generally pay dividends only out of current operating earnings.

Under a Federal Reserve policy adopted in 2009 and revised in 2020, the board of directors of a bank holding company must consider different factors to ensure that its dividend level is prudent relative to maintaining a strong financial position, and is not based on overly optimistic earnings scenarios, such as potential events that could affect its ability to pay, while still maintaining a strong financial position. As a general matter, the Federal Reserve has indicated that the board of directors of a bank holding company should consult with the Federal Reserve and eliminate, defer or significantly reduce the bank holding company’s dividends if:

•its net income available to shareholders for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid during that period, is not sufficient to fully fund the dividends;

•its prospective rate of earnings retention is not consistent with its capital needs and overall current and prospective financial condition; or

•it will not meet, or is in danger of not meeting, its minimum regulatory capital adequacy ratios.

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Regulation of the Bank

Origin Bank, which is a member of the Federal Reserve System, is subject to comprehensive supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve, and is subject to its regulatory reporting requirements, as well as supervision and regulation by the OFI. As a member bank of the Federal Reserve System, Origin Bank is required to hold stock in its district Federal Reserve Bank in an amount equal to 6% of its capital stock and surplus (half paid to acquire stock with the remainder held as a cash reserve). Member banks do not have any control over the Federal Reserve System as a result of owning the stock and the stock cannot be sold or traded. Effective January 1, 2026, the annual dividend rate for member banks with $13.182 billion or less in total assets is fixed at 6%, which currently applies to us. However, the annual dividend rate for member banks with total assets in excess of $13.182 billion, is based on a floating dividend rate tied to 10-year U.S. Treasuries with the maximum dividend rate capped at 6%.

The deposits of Origin Bank are insured by the FDIC up to applicable limits, and, accordingly, Origin Bank is also subject to certain FDIC regulations and the FDIC has backup examination authority and some enforcement powers over Origin Bank. In addition, as discussed in more detail below, Origin Bank and any other of our subsidiaries that offer consumer financial products and services are subject to regulation by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”). In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act permits states to adopt consumer protection laws and regulations that are stricter than those regulations promulgated by the CFPB, and state attorneys general are permitted to enforce certain federal consumer financial protection law.

Broadly, regulations applicable to Origin Bank include limitations on loans to a single borrower and to its directors, officers and employees; restrictions on the opening and closing of branch offices; the maintenance of required capital ratios; the granting of credit under equal and fair conditions; the disclosure of the costs and terms of such credit; requirements to maintain reserves against deposits and loans; limitations on the types of investment that may be made by Origin Bank; and requirements governing risk management practices. Subject to Federal Reserve approval and certain state filing requirements, Origin Bank is permitted under federal law to branch on a de novo basis across state lines wherever the laws of that state would permit a bank chartered by that state to establish a branch.

Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders

Origin Bank is subject to restrictions on extensions of credit and certain other transactions between Origin Bank and the Company or any nonbank affiliate. Generally, these covered transactions with either the Company or any affiliate are limited to 10% of Origin Bank’s capital and surplus, and all such transactions between Origin Bank and the Company and all of its nonbank affiliates combined are limited to 20% of Origin Bank’s capital and surplus. Loans and other extensions of credit from Origin Bank to the Company or any affiliate generally are required to be secured by eligible collateral in specified amounts. In addition, any transaction between Origin Bank and the Company or any affiliate are required to be on an arm’s length basis. Federal banking laws also place similar restrictions on certain extensions of credit by insured banks, such as Origin Bank, to their directors, executive officers and principal shareholders.

FDIC Insurance Assessments and Depositor Preference

Origin Bank’s deposits are insured by the FDIC’s DIF up to the limits under applicable law, which currently are set at $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank, for each account ownership category. Origin Bank is subject to FDIC assessments for its deposit insurance. The FDIC calculates quarterly deposit insurance assessments based on an institution’s average total consolidated assets less its average tangible equity, and determines the applicable rate based upon a range of factors, including certain additional factors for institutions in excess of $10 billion assets. The assessment rate schedule can change from time to time, at the discretion of the FDIC, subject to certain limits.

As of June 30, 2020, the DIF reserve ratio fell to 1.30%, below the statutory minimum of 1.35%. The FDIC, as required under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act, established a plan on September 15, 2020 to restore the DIF reserve ratio to meet or exceed the statutory minimum of 1.35% within eight years. On October 18, 2022, the FDIC adopted an amended restoration plan to increase the likelihood that the reserve ratio would be restored to at least 1.35 percent by September 30, 2028. The FDIC’s amended restoration plan increases the initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules uniformly by 2 basis points, beginning in the first quarterly assessment period of 2023. The FDIC could further increase the deposit insurance assessments for certain insured depository institutions, including Origin Bank, if the DIF reserve ratio is not restored as projected.

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Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by a bank’s federal regulatory agency. In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act provides that, in the event of the liquidation or other resolution of an insured depository institution, the claims of depositors of the institution, including the claims of the FDIC as subrogee of insured depositors, and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as a receiver, will have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution, including those of the parent bank holding company.

Standards for Safety and Soundness

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act requires the federal bank regulatory agencies to prescribe, by regulation or guideline, operational and managerial standards for all insured depository institutions relating to: (1) internal controls; (2) information systems and audit systems; (3) loan documentation; (4) credit underwriting; (5) interest rate risk exposure; and (6) asset quality. The federal banking agencies have adopted regulations and Interagency Guidelines Establishing Standards for Safety and Soundness to implement these required standards. These guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards used to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired. Under the regulations, if a regulator determines that a bank fails to meet any standards prescribed by the guidelines, the regulator may require the Bank to submit an acceptable plan to achieve compliance, consistent with deadlines for the submission and review of such safety and soundness compliance plans.

Anti-Money Laundering

A continued focus of governmental policy relating to financial institutions in recent years has been combating money laundering and terrorist financing. The USA PATRIOT Act broadened the application of anti-money laundering regulations to apply to additional types of financial institutions such as broker-dealers, investment advisors and insurance companies, and strengthened the ability of the U.S. Government to help prevent, detect and prosecute international money laundering and the financing of terrorism. The principal provisions of Title III of the USA PATRIOT Act require that regulated financial institutions, including state member banks: (i) establish an anti-money laundering program that includes training and audit components; (ii) comply with regulations regarding the verification of the identity of any person seeking to open an account; (iii) take additional required precautions with non-U.S. owned accounts; and (iv) perform certain verification and certification of money laundering risk for their foreign correspondent banking relationships. Failure of a financial institution to comply with the USA PATRIOT Act’s requirements could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution. Origin Bank has augmented its systems and procedures to meet the requirements of these regulations and will continue to revise and update its policies, procedures and controls to reflect changes required by law.

The Federal Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) has adopted rules that require financial institutions to obtain beneficial ownership information with respect to legal entities with which such institutions conduct business, subject to certain exclusions and exemptions. Bank regulators are focusing their examinations on anti-money laundering compliance, and we continue to monitor and augment, where necessary, our anti-money laundering compliance programs. Banking regulators will consider compliance with the Act’s money laundering provisions in acting upon merger and acquisition proposals. Bank regulators routinely examine institutions for compliance with these obligations and have been active in imposing cease and desist and other regulatory orders and money penalty sanctions against institutions found to be violating these obligations. Sanctions for violations of the Act can be imposed in an amount equal to twice the sum involved in the violating transaction, up to $1 million. On January 1, 2021, Congress passed federal legislation that made sweeping changes to federal anti-money laundering laws, including changes that will be implemented in subsequent years. On June 30, 2021, FinCEN published the first set of “national Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) priorities,” as required by the Bank Secrecy Act, which include, but are not limited to, cyber-crime, terrorist financing, fraud, and drug/human trafficking. FinCEN is required to implement regulations to specify how covered financial institutions, such as the Company, should incorporate these national priorities into their AML programs.

Economic Sanctions

The Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) is responsible for helping to ensure that U.S. entities do not engage in transactions with certain prohibited parties, as defined by various Executive Orders and acts of Congress. OFAC publishes, and routinely updates, lists of names of persons and organizations suspected of aiding, harboring or engaging in terrorist acts, including the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List. If we find a name on any transaction, account or wire transfer that is on an OFAC list, we must undertake certain specified activities, which could include blocking or freezing the account or transaction requested, and we must notify the appropriate authorities.

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Concentrations in Lending

During 2006, the federal bank regulatory agencies released guidance on “Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending” (the “Guidance”) and advised financial institutions of the risks posed by commercial real estate (“CRE”) lending concentrations. The Guidance requires that appropriate processes be in place to identify, monitor and control risks associated with real estate lending concentrations. Higher allowances for loan losses and capital levels may also be required. The Guidance is triggered when commercial real estate loan concentrations exceed either:

•Total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land of 100% or more of a bank’s total risk-based capital; or

•Total reported loans secured by multifamily and nonowner-occupied, nonfarm nonresidential properties and loans for construction, land development, and other land (excluding loans secured by farmland) of 300% or more of a bank’s total risk-based capital.

The Guidance also applies when a bank has a sharp increase in commercial real estate loans or has significant concentrations of commercial real estate secured by a particular property type. We have always had exposures to loans secured by commercial real estate due to the nature of our markets and the loan needs of both consumer and commercial clients. We believe our long-term experience in commercial real estate lending, underwriting policies, internal controls, and other policies currently in place, as well as our loan and credit monitoring and administration procedures, are generally appropriate to managing our concentrations as required under the Guidance. As of December 31, 2025, our commercial real estate loan concentrations were below the Guidance thresholds discussed above.

Debit Interchange Fees

Debit card interchange fee restrictions set forth in the Durbin Amendment, as implemented by regulations of the Federal Reserve, cap the maximum debit interchange fee that a debit card issuer may receive per transaction. The maximum permissible interchange fee that a non-exempt issuer may receive for an electronic debit transaction is the sum of 21 cents per transaction and 5 bps multiplied by the value of the transaction, subject to an upward adjustment of 1 cent if an issuer certifies that it has implemented policies and procedures reasonably designed to achieve the fraud-prevention standards set forth by the Federal Reserve. In addition, card issuers and networks are prohibited from entering into arrangements requiring that debit card transactions be processed on a single network or only two affiliated networks and allows merchants to determine transaction routing.

Debit card issuers with total consolidated assets of less than $10 billion are exempt from these interchange fee restrictions. The exemption for small issuers ceases to apply as of July 1 of the year following the calendar year in which the debit card issuer has total consolidated assets of $10 billion or more at calendar year end.

On October 25, 2023, the Federal Reserve proposed to lower the maximum interchange fee that a non-exempt issuer can receive for a debit card transaction. The proposal would also establish a regular process for updating the maximum amount every other year going forward. The Federal Reserve extended the comment period for its proposed changes to its debit card interchange fee rule until May 12, 2024, and at December 31, 2025, the proposal is still under review. At December 31, 2025, we had total consolidated assets of $9.72 billion. Any reduction in interchange income as a result of the loss of the exemption for small issuers under the Durbin Amendment could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Community Reinvestment Act

Origin Bank is subject to the provisions of the CRA, which imposes a continuing and affirmative obligation, consistent with safe and sound operation, to help meet the credit needs of entire communities where the bank accepts deposits, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The Federal Reserve’s assessment of Origin Bank’s CRA record is made available to the public. CRA agreements with private parties must be disclosed and annual CRA reports must be made to the Federal Reserve. A bank holding company will not be permitted to become or remain a financial holding company and no new activities authorized under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (“GLB”) may be commenced by a holding company or by a bank financial subsidiary if any of its bank subsidiaries received less than a “satisfactory” CRA rating in its latest CRA examination. Federal CRA regulations require, among other things, that evidence of discrimination against applicants on a prohibited basis, and illegal or abusive lending practices be considered in the CRA evaluation. Origin Bank has a rating of “Satisfactory” in its most recent CRA evaluation.

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On October 24, 2023, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), Federal Reserve, and FDIC issued a final rule to modernize their respective CRA regulations. The revised rules would have substantially altered the methodology for assessing compliance with the CRA. However, court challenges prevented the 2023 final rule from becoming effective, and on July 16, 2025, the OCC, Federal Reserve and FDIC issued a joint proposal to rescind the 2023 CRA final rule. The ultimate scope and timing of any changes to the CRA regulations remains uncertain.

Privacy, Credit Reporting, and Data Security

The GLB generally prohibits disclosure of non-public consumer information to non-affiliated third parties unless the consumer has been given the opportunity to object and has not objected to such disclosure. Financial institutions are further required to disclose their privacy policies to clients annually. Financial institutions, however, will be required to comply with state law if it is more protective of consumer privacy than the GLB. The GLB also directed federal regulators to prescribe standards for the security of consumer information. Origin Bank is subject to such standards, as well as standards for notifying clients in the event of a security breach. Origin Bank utilizes credit bureau data in underwriting activities. Use of such data is regulated under the Fair Credit Reporting Act and Regulation V on a uniform, nationwide basis, including credit reporting, prescreening, and sharing of information between affiliates and the use of credit data. The Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act, which amended the Fair Credit Reporting Act, permits states to enact identity theft laws that are not inconsistent with the conduct required by the provisions of that Act. Clients must be notified when unauthorized disclosure involves sensitive client information that may be misused. The Bank is also required to notify the Federal Reserve within 36 hours of a “computer-security incident” that rises to the level of a “notification incident.”

The federal banking regulators regularly issue guidance regarding cybersecurity intended to enhance cyber risk management standards among financial institutions. As a result, financial institutions, like the Company and Origin Bank, are expected to establish multiple lines of defense and to ensure their risk management processes address the risk posed by potential threats to the institution. A financial institution’s management is expected to maintain sufficient processes to effectively respond and recover the institution’s operations after a cyber-attack. A financial institution is also expected to develop appropriate processes to enable recovery of data and business operations if a critical service provider of the institution falls victim to this type of cyber-attack. Our information security protocols are designed in part to adhere to the requirements of this guidance.

State regulators have also been increasingly active in implementing privacy and cybersecurity standards and regulations. Recently, several states have adopted regulations requiring certain financial institutions to implement cybersecurity programs and providing detailed requirements with respect to these programs, including data encryption requirements. Many states have also recently implemented or modified their data breach notification and data privacy requirements. We expect this trend of state-level activity in those areas to continue and are continually monitoring developments in the states in which our clients are located.

Anti-Tying Restrictions

In general, a bank may not extend credit, lease, sell property, or furnish any services or fix or vary the consideration for them on the condition that (1) the client obtain or provide some additional credit, property, or services from or to the bank or bank holding company or their subsidiaries or (2) the client not obtain some other credit, property, or services from a competitor, except to the extent reasonable conditions are imposed to assure the soundness of the credit extended. A bank may, however, offer combined-balance products and may otherwise offer more favorable terms if a client obtains two or more traditional bank products. The law also expressly permits banks to engage in other forms of tying and authorizes the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) to grant additional exceptions by regulation or order. Also, certain foreign transactions are exempt from the general rule.

Consumer Regulation

Activities of Origin Bank are subject to a variety of statutes and regulations designed to protect consumers. These laws and regulations include, among numerous other things, provisions that:

•limit the interest and other charges collected or contracted for by Origin Bank, including rules respecting the terms of credit cards and of debit card overdrafts;

•govern Origin Bank’s disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;

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•require Origin Bank to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether it is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the communities it serves;

•prohibit Origin Bank from discriminating on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors when it makes decisions to extend credit;

•govern the manner in which Origin Bank may collect consumer debts; and

•prohibit unfair, deceptive or abusive acts or practices in the provision of consumer financial products and services.

Mortgage Regulation

The CFPB adopted a rule that implements the ability-to-repay and qualified mortgage provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act (the “ATR/QM rule”), which requires lenders to consider, among other things, income, employment status, assets, payment amounts, and credit history before approving a mortgage, and provides a compliance “safe harbor” for lenders that issue certain “qualified mortgages.” The ATR/QM rule defines a “qualified mortgage” to have certain specified characteristics, and generally prohibits loans with negative amortization, interest-only payments, balloon payments, or terms exceeding 30 years from being qualified mortgages. Effective in 2021, the CFPB replaced the previous debt-to-income limitations with a revised General QM definition, which is based on the relationship of the loan’s annual percentage rate to the average prime offer rate.

The CFPB has also issued rules to implement requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act pertaining to mortgage loan origination (including with respect to loan originator compensation and loan originator qualifications) as well as integrated mortgage disclosure rules. In addition, the CFPB has issued rules that require servicers to comply with certain standards and practices with regard to: error correction; information disclosure; force-placement of insurance; information management policies and procedures; requiring information about mortgage loss mitigation options be provided to delinquent borrowers; providing delinquent borrowers access to servicer personnel with continuity of contact about the borrower’s mortgage loan account; and evaluating borrowers’ applications for available loss mitigation options. These rules also address initial rate adjustment notices for adjustable-rate mortgages, periodic statements for residential mortgage loans, and prompt crediting of mortgage payments and response to requests for payoff amounts.

Non-Discrimination Policies

Origin Bank is also subject to, among other things, the provisions of the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”) and the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), both of which prohibit discrimination based on race or color, religion, national origin, sex, and familial status in any aspect of a consumer or commercial credit or residential real estate transaction. The Department of Justice and the federal bank regulatory agencies have issued an Interagency Policy Statement on Discrimination in Lending that provides guidance to financial institutions in determining whether discrimination exists, how the agencies will respond to lending discrimination, and what steps lenders might take to prevent discriminatory lending practices. The Department of Justice has increased its efforts to prosecute what it regards as violations of the ECOA and the FHA.

Effect of Governmental Monetary Policies.

The commercial banking business is affected not only by general economic conditions but also by U.S. fiscal policy and the monetary policies of the Federal Reserve. Some of the instruments of monetary policy available to the Federal Reserve include changes in the discount rate on member bank borrowings, the fluctuating availability of borrowings at the “discount window” and open market operations as directed by the Federal Open Market Committee. These policies influence, to a significant extent, the overall growth of bank loans, investments, and deposits and the interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits. We cannot predict the nature of future fiscal and monetary policies or the effect of these policies on our operations and activities, financial condition, results of operations, growth plans or future prospects.

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Federal Home Loan Bank System.

Origin Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, which is one of the 11 regional Federal Home Loan Banks composing the Federal Home Loan Bank system. The Federal Home Loan Banks make loans to their member banks in accordance with policies and procedures established by the Federal Home Loan Bank system and the boards of directors of each regional Federal Home Loan Bank. Any advances from a Federal Home Loan Bank must be secured by specified types of collateral, and all long-term advances may be obtained only for the purpose of providing funds for residential housing finance. As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas, Origin Bank is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas. All loans, advances and other extensions of credit made by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas to Origin Bank are secured by a portion of Origin Bank’s mortgage loan portfolio, certain other investments and the capital stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas held by Origin Bank.