NU SKIN ENTERPRISES, INC. (NUS) Business
This page reproduces the company's own Item 1 Business text from the linked SEC filing. It is filer text, not grepcent analysis, scoring, or investment advice.
Informational only - not investment advice. See Disclaimer.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc. develops and distributes a comprehensive line of premium-quality beauty and wellness solutions in nearly 50 markets worldwide. In 2025, our revenue of
$1.5 billion was primarily generated by our two primary product categories: beauty products and wellness products. We operate in the direct selling channel, primarily utilizing person-to-person
marketing to promote and sell our products, including through the use of social and digital platforms.
In addition to our core Nu Skin business, we also explore new areas of
synergistic and adjacent growth through our strategic investment arm known as Rhyz Inc., which we formed in 2018. Our Rhyz businesses primarily consist of consumer, technology and manufacturing companies. In 2025, the Rhyz companies generated
$223.6 million, or 15%, of our 2025 reported revenue (excluding sales to our core Nu Skin business). As discussed further in “Rhyz Companies,” below, in January 2025 we sold one of our Rhyz businesses that accounted for $69.6 million of our
2024 reported revenue. Our Rhyz companies enable us to optimize our cost of goods, improve lead times, diversify our revenue mix, and create synergies for our brands.
In 2025, we generated approximately 26% of our revenue from the
United States (consisting of our Nu Skin United States and Rhyz businesses) and the remainder from our international markets. Given the size of our international operations, our results, as reported in U.S. dollars, are often impacted by
foreign-currency fluctuations; in 2025, our revenue was negatively impacted 0.8% from foreign-currency fluctuations compared to 2024. Our results also can be impacted by global economic, political, demographic and business trends and
conditions.
Our operations are subject to various laws and regulations globally, particularly with respect to our product categories and our distribution channel. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a more
detailed description of the risks associated with our business.
PRODUCTS
We offer a branded, award-winning and differentiated product portfolio. We believe our innovative approach to product development, clinical substantiation and distribution provides us with a
competitive advantage in beauty and wellness products and direct selling. We believe that our acquired and licensed technologies, manufacturing and innovation facilities, research collaborations and in-house research expertise enable us to
introduce innovative, proprietary products. We seek to offer products that are demonstrable and well suited for social sharing. Sustainability is also an important part of our product strategy; we take sustainability into account as we
formulate our products, and we have an ongoing initiative to innovate our packaging so it is recycled, recyclable, reusable, reduced or renewable.
During the past several years, we have generated success in our business with innovative beauty devices. Devices are an important part of our strategy. We launched our first
connected beauty device, ageLOC LumiSpa iO, in the second half of 2022 and continuing into 2023. In the second half of 2023 and
continuing into 2024, we launched ageLOC WellSpa iO (not sold in the United States), a connected device focused on holistic wellness and
beauty, as well as a similar, FDA-cleared device, Nu Skin RenuSpa iO, in the United States. Most recently, in the fourth quarter
of 2025, we commenced a limited preview of our next-generation device, Prysm iO. Prysm iO is a data-enabled wellness device designed to assess key nutritional
indicators and translate those insights into personalized supplement and product recommendations. This preview was designed to introduce key leaders and affiliates to the device’s capabilities ahead of a broader commercial rollout in 2026. When connected to our mobile application, our connected devices gather data to provide varying levels of insights into consumer behavior, with the goal of enabling us to provide more personalized experiences for
our consumers. Please refer to “Distribution Channel” below for additional information about our connected devices and our business strategy that they fit into.
In addition to our devices, in 2025, we introduced a refreshed ageLOC Tru Face product line, enhancing our dermaceutical positioning and strengthening our portfolio of
anti-aging skincare solutions.
Product Categories
We have two primary product categories: beauty products and wellness products. We develop and distribute innovative, premium-quality products in these two categories under our legacy Nu Skin
and Pharmanex brands, respectively, as well as other brands, including our Nutricentials beauty brand and our Beauty Focus wellness brand. We also develop and distribute products under our ageLOC brand, which features innovative,
premium-quality anti-aging products in both the beauty and wellness categories and in many cases is co-branded with our other beauty and wellness brands. Most of our innovative devices are ageLOC beauty products; however, Prysm iO is a wellness device, and ageLOC WellSpa iO and Nu Skin RenuSpa iO span both the beauty and wellness categories.
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Presented below are the U.S. dollar amounts and associated revenue percentages from the sale of beauty and wellness products, as well as our Rhyz companies, for the last three years. This
table should be read in conjunction with the information presented in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which discusses the factors impacting revenue trends and the costs associated
with generating the aggregate revenue presented.
Revenue by Product Category
(U.S. dollars in millions)
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product Category | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Beauty(1) | $ | 568.1 | 38.3 | % | $ | 681.8 | 39.4 | % | $ | 858.6 | 43.6 | % | ||||||||||||
| Wellness(1) | 689.1 | 46.4 | % | 757.2 | 43.7 | % | 886.1 | 45.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other(2) | 228.0 | 15.3 | % | 293.1 | 16.9 | % | 224.4 | 11.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,485.2 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,732.1 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,969.1 | 100.0 | % |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | Includes sales of beauty and wellness products in our core Nu Skin business. This includes $216 million, $268 million, and $342 million in sales of devices and related consumables for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For purposes of this table, sales of Prysm iO are included in the wellness category and all other devices, including ageLOC WellSpa iO and Nu Skin RenuSpa iO, are included in the beauty category. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (2) | Other includes the external revenue from our Rhyz companies along with a limited number of other products and services, including household products and technology services. |
Beauty Products. Our strategy for our beauty products category is to leverage our distribution channel to strengthen Nu Skin’s position as
an innovative leader in the masstige and premium beauty markets. Our products in this category include innovative skin care devices, cosmetics and other personal care products. We are committed to continuously improving and evolving our product
formulations to develop and incorporate innovative and proven ingredients. We formulate many of the products in our beauty category with ingredients that are scientifically proven to provide visible results. In 2025, our top-selling product lines
by revenue in this category were ageLOC TruFace and our ageLOC LumiSpa cleansers and devices. Our ageLOC beauty products accounted for 40% of our beauty product
category revenue and 15% of our total revenue in 2025.
Wellness Products. Our strategy for our wellness category is to continue to introduce innovative, substantiated nutritional supplements
based on research and development and quality manufacturing. Direct selling has proven to be an effective method of marketing our high-quality wellness products because our sales force can personally educate consumers on the quality and
benefits of our products, differentiating them from our competitors’ offerings. In 2025, our top-selling product lines by revenue in this category were ageLOC TRME, LifePak
and Beauty Focus. Our ageLOC wellness products accounted for 41% of our wellness product category revenue and 19% of our total revenue in 2025.
Product Development
We are committed to developing and marketing innovative products to help drive our business engine, and we tailor product development activities to provide products with
compelling selling aspects, such as claims and efficacy endpoints. We have several products in development, including next-generation skin care products, nutritional supplements and devices. In our research and product development, we leverage
the three disciplines of science, technology and sourcing to create innovative products that address consumer needs.
Our research and product development activities include:
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| ● | Global consumer research to identify needs and insights and refine product concepts; |
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| ● | Internal research, product development, clinical validation, regulatory due diligence and quality testing; |
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| ● | Joint research projects, collaborations and clinical studies; |
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| ● | Identification and assessment of technologies for potential licensing arrangements; and |
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| ● | Integration of digital technologies, including artificial intelligence, to enhance product development and consumer experiences. |
We maintain research and product development facilities in the United States and Mainland China. We also contract with third parties for clinical studies and collaborate on basic research
projects with researchers from universities and other research institutions in the United States, Europe and Asia, whose staffs include scientists with basic research expertise in, among others, natural product chemistry, biochemistry,
dermatology, nutrition, pharmacology and clinical studies.
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We also work to identify and assess innovative technologies developed by third parties for potential licensing, supply or acquisition arrangements. Because of the nature of our distribution
channel, which allows us to provide a high level of product information on a person-to-person basis, we often have third parties who are interested in licensing innovative technologies to us to incorporate into our products and commercialize
through our distribution channel. Licensing arrangements allow us to leverage the research activities of third parties that have provided demonstrated technologies, clinical support and/or proprietary innovation, without all of the upfront costs
and uncertainty associated with internal development. We have also invested in acquisitions to supplement our research capabilities and to acquire technologies.
Intellectual Property
Our trademarks are registered in the United States and in markets where we operate, and we consider trademark protection to be very important to our business. Our major trademarks include Nu
Skin®, our fountain logos, Pharmanex®, ageLOC®, our ageLOC logos, LifePak®, Galvanic Spa® (registered outside of the United States), TRME®, Epoch®, LumiSpa®, Nutricentials®, WellSpa iO® (registered outside of the United States), ageLOC Boost®
(registered outside of the United States), MYND360™ (registration pending in the United States) and Prysm iO™ (registration pending in the United States). In addition, a number of our products, including our facial spas, ageLOC WellSpa iO, Nu
Skin RenuSpa iO, ageLOC Body Spa, LumiSpa, ageLOC Boost, TRME Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner and Prysm iO are based on proprietary technologies and designs, some of which utilize patented and patent-pending technologies and/or technologies
licensed from third parties. We also rely on patent and trade secret protection to protect our proprietary technology and other proprietary information for some of our ageLOC products and other products.
Sourcing and Production
For markets other than Mainland China, in 2025, we sourced most of our beauty and wellness products from trusted third-party suppliers and manufacturers, and approximately 21% from our
manufacturing subsidiaries. Our manufacturing entities also provide a cost of goods sold benefit and help us to maintain a more consistent supply source. In Mainland China, we operate manufacturing facilities where we produce the majority of our
beauty and wellness products sold in Mainland China. We also produce some products at these facilities that are exported to other markets.
In 2025, two of our manufacturing subsidiaries and one of our third-party suppliers accounted for more than 10% of our product purchases. We procure some of our products and ingredients from
single vendors that may own or control the product formulations, ingredients, or other intellectual property rights associated with the products or ingredients. While we generally maintain good relationships with our suppliers, in the event we
become unable to source any products or ingredients from our current suppliers, we believe that we would be able to locate alternative vendors, use substitute ingredients, or develop and manufacture alternative products and source them from other
suppliers, as applicable. Please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of risks and uncertainties associated with our supplier relationships and with the sourcing of raw materials and ingredients.
Our manufacturing subsidiaries are owned by our Rhyz strategic investment
arm. We plan to continue making strategic acquisitions going forward, as we believe these acquired companies allow us to diversify and vertically integrate our business. We also leverage their expertise to enhance our innovation,
sustainability, speed to market and supply chain capabilities. In addition to the products and services provided to our core Nu Skin business, our Rhyz companies continue to operate outside of our core Nu Skin business, generating $223.6
million in revenue from sales to external customers in 2025.
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
Our Nu Skin business operates in the direct selling channel, primarily utilizing person-to-person marketing to promote and sell our products. While direct selling has
traditionally relied on face-to-face, word-of-mouth marketing, during the past several years it has been impacted by the convergence of social commerce, influencer and affiliate marketing, the gig economy, and the proliferation of
direct-to-consumer beauty and wellness brands. These macroeconomic shifts have also disrupted traditional advertising and retail business practices, as well as e-commerce generally, in favor of
socially-enabled and direct-to-consumer models.
We endeavor to adapt our business to these trends by helping our sales force to become more socially enabled and empowered to grow their businesses online. We have developed, and continue to develop and enhance,
digital tools with improved e-commerce functionality to help our sales force build their businesses. Our products also play an important role as we transform to a more digital and socially enabled business. In particular, we have developed
connected devices, beginning with beauty devices and more recently expanding into wellness, for greater personalization and understanding of consumer trends and behaviors, with the ultimate aim of an improved product experience for consumers.
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We believe our direct selling distribution channel is an effective vehicle to distribute our products because:
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| ● | our sales force has rapid reach to potential customers through their social networks and the social networks of those to whom they are connected; |
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| ● | our sales force can personally educate and share company content with consumers about our products, which we believe is more effective for differentiating our products than using traditional mass-media advertising; |
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| ● | our distribution channel allows for personalized product demonstrations and trial by potential consumers; |
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|---|---|---|
| ● | our distribution channel allows our sales force to provide personal testimonials of product efficacy; |
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| ● | as compared to other distribution methods, our sales force has the opportunity to provide consumers higher levels of personalized service based on consumers’ needs, including through providing personalized product experiences, such as in-home spa-like demonstrations and experiences, as well as personalized purchasing offers, discounts and regimens; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
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| ● | as compared to other distribution methods, our sales force knows their customers and can foster loyalty through data-driven customer-relationship management and our subscription program; |
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| ● | prospecting for customers via social networks (both offline and online) allows affiliates and the company to attract a potentially wider audience of customers who would not typically seek out similar products in a standard retail or e-commerce marketplace; and |
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|---|---|---|
| ● | flexible and targeted compensation structures allow affiliates and the company to quickly enhance focus on specific products based on geographic, demographic, and seasonal needs and opportunities, as well as specific segments of customers, affiliate marketers and business builders. |
While our person-to-person marketing philosophy remains consistent globally, various aspects of our business may differ from market to market, including product mix and pricing, customer type
mix, mix of affiliate business building approaches, the manner and tools used to engage potential customers, social media and third-party platforms, compensation and rewards structure, the manner and tools used to engage potential affiliates
(including programs and incentives), potential influencer partnership structures, access to distribution outlets or product stores, the manner of getting products to consumers, product claims, branding and product formulations. In addition, in
Mainland China we have implemented a business model that, unlike the business model we use in our other markets, utilizes retail stores, sales employees, independent direct sellers and independent marketers to market and sell our products.
Given that members of our sales force are independent contractors in most markets, we do not control or direct their business decisions or promotional efforts. We do, however, require that our
sales force abide by policies and procedures that require them to act in an ethical and consumer-protective manner and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As a member of direct selling associations globally, we promote and abide
by the industry’s codes of ethics and consumer-protective standards to support and protect those who sell and purchase our products through the direct selling channel.
In all of our markets besides Mainland China, we refer to members of our independent sales force as “Brand Affiliates” because their primary role is to promote our brand and sell products
through their personal and social networks.
Consumer Group and Sales Network
Our Nu Skin business’s distribution channel is composed of two primary groups: our consumer group—individuals who buy our products primarily for personal or family consumption and share
products with friends and family; and our sales network—individuals who personally buy, use and resell products, and who also attract new consumers, and recruit, train and develop new sellers. We strive to develop and grow both our consumer group
and our sales network. Our strategy for growing our consumer group is to offer high-quality, personalized, innovative products that provide demonstrable benefits. Our strategy for growing our sales network is to provide a business opportunity for
those persons who demonstrate the desire and ability to develop both a consumer group and a team of sellers, including through sales compensation, incentives and recognition.
To monitor the growth trends in our consumer group, we track the number of persons who purchased directly from the company during the previous three months (“Customers”). Our Customer numbers
include members of our sales force who made such a purchase, including Paid Affiliates and those who qualify as Sales Leaders (each as defined below), but they do not include consumers who purchase directly from members of our sales force. We
believe a significant majority of Customers purchase our products primarily for personal or family consumption but are not actively pursuing the opportunity we offer to generate supplemental income by actively and consistently marketing and
reselling products.
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To monitor the growth in our sales network, we track the number of Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders, which are defined as follows:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | “Paid Affiliates” are any Brand Affiliates, as well as members of our sales force in Mainland China, who earned sales compensation during the previous three months. As we continue to focus on customer acquisition, our Paid Affiliates, who primarily share products, are a bridge to attracting new customers and nurturing relationships and community. Paid Affiliates power our social commerce model and are an important indicator of consumer purchasing activity in our business. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | “Sales Leaders” are the three-month average of our monthly Brand Affiliates, as well as sales employees and independent marketers in Mainland China, who achieved certain qualification requirements as of the end of each month of the quarter. |
The following chart sets forth information concerning our Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders for the last three years.
Total Number of Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders by Region
| Three Months Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Customers | |||||||||||
| Americas | 225,527 | 227,556 | 231,183 | ||||||||
| Southeast Asia/Pacific | 74,300 | 82,956 | 106,471 | ||||||||
| Mainland China | 118,523 | 150,731 | 207,276 | ||||||||
| Japan | 104,439 | 110,069 | 113,670 | ||||||||
| Europe & Africa | 127,910 | 133,306 | 163,178 | ||||||||
| South Korea | 58,880 | 81,301 | 103,151 | ||||||||
| Hong Kong/Taiwan | 39,217 | 46,053 | 52,110 | ||||||||
| Total Customers | 748,796 | 831,972 | 977,039 |
| Paid Affiliates | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | 28,900 | 28,361 | 31,910 | ||||||||
| Southeast Asia/Pacific(1) | 20,260 | 26,310 | 34,404 | ||||||||
| Mainland China | 18,922 | 22,125 | 25,889 | ||||||||
| Japan | 20,126 | 22,318 | 22,417 | ||||||||
| Europe & Africa | 14,918 | 16,860 | 18,888 | ||||||||
| South Korea(1) | 16,341 | 17,939 | 22,166 | ||||||||
| Hong Kong/Taiwan | 9,844 | 10,961 | 11,212 | ||||||||
| Total Paid Affiliates | 129,311 | 144,874 | 166,886 |
| Sales Leaders | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Americas | 6,016 | 6,778 | 7,126 | ||||||||
| Southeast Asia/Pacific | 4,272 | 5,288 | 6,418 | ||||||||
| Mainland China | 6,065 | 8,969 | 11,296 | ||||||||
| Japan | 6,259 | 6,780 | 7,086 | ||||||||
| Europe & Africa | 2,722 | 3,343 | 3,968 | ||||||||
| South Korea | 2,547 | 3,343 | 5,249 | ||||||||
| Hong Kong/Taiwan | 2,164 | 2,411 | 2,916 | ||||||||
| Total Sales Leaders | 30,045 | 36,912 | 44,059 |
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
|---|---|
| (1) | The December 31, 2025 and 2024 numbers are affected by a change in eligibility requirements for receiving certain awards within our compensation structure, to more narrowly focus on those affiliates who are actively building a consumer base. See Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—“Southeast Asia/Pacific,” and “South Korea,” for more information. |
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Global Direct Selling Channel
Outside of Mainland China, individuals can elect to participate in our business as follows:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | “Brand Affiliate-Direct Consumers”—Individuals who purchase products directly from a Brand Affiliate at a price established by the Brand Affiliate. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | “Company-Direct Consumers”—Individuals who purchase products directly from the company. These consumers are typically referred by a Brand Affiliate and may purchase at retail price or at a discount. These individuals do not have the right to build a Nu Skin business by reselling products or by recruiting others. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | “Basic Brand Affiliates”—Brand Affiliates who purchase products for personal or family use or for resale to other consumers. These individuals are eligible to receive certain compensation under our global sales compensation plan by selling product, and/or when an affiliate they recruited sells product to a consumer, but they are not eligible for other compensation unless they elect to qualify as a Sales Leader. We consider these individuals to be part of our consumer group, as we believe a significant majority of these Brand Affiliates are purchasing products for personal use and not actively building a sales network or consumer base. |
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| ● | “Sales Leaders and Qualifiers”—Brand Affiliates who have qualified or are trying to qualify as a Sales Leader. These Brand Affiliates have elected to pursue the business opportunity as a Sales Leader and are actively attracting consumers and building a sales network under our global sales compensation plan. These Sales Leaders and Qualifiers constitute our sales network. |
To become a Brand Affiliate, an individual signs a Brand Affiliate agreement and receives access to a business portfolio, which is free in most markets. In some markets, we charge a small fee
for the business portfolio. The business portfolio generally consists of documentation concerning the business, including copies of the sales compensation plan, Brand Affiliate policies and procedures, product catalog and other documentation, but
it does not include products. There are no requirements to purchase products to become a Brand Affiliate, and no commissions are paid on any purchase of a business portfolio.
We offer a generous product return policy, which also includes returns of business support materials. In most markets, we offer a return policy that allows our Brand Affiliates to
return unopened and unused items for up to 30 days for a full refund, or 12 months subject to a 10% restocking fee. Brand Affiliates are not required to terminate their accounts to return product. Actual returns have historically been
less than 5% of annual revenue. We believe our generous return policy minimizes the financial risks associated with being a Brand Affiliate.
In addition to our product return policy, we strive to be as protective of our customers as possible. We seek to ensure that those who use our products or participate in our business opportunity are treated fairly
and are not misled by inappropriate product or earnings claims.
There are two fundamental ways in which our Brand Affiliates can earn money:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | through retail markups on resales of products purchased from the company; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | through sales compensation earned on the sale of products under our global sales compensation plan. |
We believe that our global sales compensation plan is among the most generous in the direct selling industry and is one of our competitive advantages. Our Brand Affiliates can
receive sales compensation for product sales from the company to their own consumer groups. Likewise, our Sales Leaders can receive sales compensation under our global sales compensation plan for
product sales from the company to their own consumer groups, as well as for product sales from the company to other Sales Leaders and their consumer groups. This type of sales compensation is often referred to as “multi-level” compensation. Our
sales force is not required to recruit or sponsor other Brand Affiliates, and we do not pay any sales compensation for recruiting or sponsoring. While all of our Brand Affiliates can sponsor other
Brand Affiliates at any time, our Sales Leaders and those in qualification to become Sales Leaders are those who generally are the most active in sponsoring other Brand Affiliates. Pursuant to our global sales compensation plan, we pay
consolidated sales compensation in a Sales Leader’s home market, in local currency, for product sales in the Sales Leader’s own consumer group and for product sales made in the Sales Leader’s team of
Sales Leaders across all geographic markets.
Mainland China Business Model
Because of restrictions on direct selling and multi-level commissions in Mainland China, we have implemented a business model for that market that is different from the business
model we use in our other markets. We have structured our business model in Mainland China based on several factors: the guidance we have received from government officials, our interpretation of applicable regulations, our understanding of the
practices of other international direct selling companies operating in Mainland China, and our understanding as to how regulators are interpreting and enforcing the regulations. The regulatory environment in Mainland China continues to be
challenging and restrictive. From time to time, we evaluate potential changes to the structure of our sales compensation in Mainland China to address the evolving commercial environment and, as the need arises, the evolving regulatory
environment. Any such changes could have a negative impact on our sales in that market.
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In Mainland China, we utilize sales employees to sell products through our retail stores, website and digital platforms; independent direct sellers, who can sell away from our stores where we
have a direct selling license and a service center and can also sell through our website and digital platforms; and independent marketers, who are licensed business owners authorized to sell our products at their own approved premises or through
our stores, website and digital platforms. (As used in the foregoing sentence, our digital platforms include not only those owned or run by our company but also platforms operated by third parties on which we have registered flagship stores.) We
rely on our sales employees, independent direct sellers and independent marketers to attract new consumers, promote repeat purchases, and educate our sales force about our products, culture and policies through training meetings.
Our sales employees, independent direct sellers and independent marketers in Mainland China do not participate in our global sales compensation plan but are instead compensated according to a
separate compensation model established for Mainland China, which is separate and different from our global compensation plan. Independent direct sellers and sales employees who have not achieved certain qualification requirements receive monthly
bonuses based on their monthly product sales. Sales employees who achieve qualification requirements and independent marketers earn (1) monthly bonuses based on their monthly product sales and other bonuses based on various performance metrics;
and (2) a salary (for sales employees, consisting of position pay and performance pay) or a service fee (for independent marketers). The salary or service fee and position/title are reviewed and adjusted quarterly based on their performance
relative to other sales leaders, taking into account such factors as the sales productivity of the Sales Leader him/herself and of the sales force that such Sales Leader trains, collaborates with, supports and services. We utilize our global
system to track and assess the sales productivity of each Sales Leader him/herself and the sales force that such Sales Leader trains, collaborates with, supports and services in setting his/her salary or service fee and in connection with the
evaluation of their position/title. We generally compensate our Mainland China Sales Leaders at a level that is competitive with other direct selling companies in the market and comparable to the compensation of our Sales Leaders globally.
Operating in Mainland China entails certain risks and uncertainties to our business, as discussed further in Item 1. Business—“Regulation” and Item 1A. Risk Factors. We
endeavor to mitigate these risks and uncertainties through various measures, including by seeking to understand and obey laws and regulations, training our employees and sales force, engaging in dialogue with government officials to better
understand their goals and explain our plans, and cooperating in inquiries and other matters of interest to regulators. However, these efforts do not eliminate the significant risks associated with operating in Mainland China.
Our global sales compensation plan and our Mainland China business model, including our related know-how, processes and systems, play a significant role in helping us to attract and incentivize
our sales force. We have strategically developed and refined our global sales compensation plan and our Mainland China business model to distinguish the business opportunity that we offer from those of other companies and to seek to provide us
with a competitive advantage.
Sales Incentives, Meetings, Recognition and Training
An important part of our distribution channel is motivating our Sales Leaders and recognizing their achievements. We hold regular meetings and events globally to recognize Sales Leaders who
have achieved various levels of success in our business. These meetings, which may be held either virtually or in-person, also allow the company and key Sales Leaders to provide training to other Sales Leaders. We utilize a variety of sales
incentives such as incentive trips to motivate Sales Leaders. In addition to rewarding performance, incentive trips provide Sales Leaders and the company opportunities to share best practices, set goals, generate alignment of Sales Leaders around
key initiatives, and provide a high level of motivation and team building.
Product Launch Process
Prior to making a product generally available for purchase in a market, we often do one or more introductory offerings of the product, such as a preview of the product to our Sales Leaders or other product
introduction or promotion. We refer to the entire process, beginning with the introductory offering through general availability of the product, as a product launch or our product launch process. The timing of the launch of a particular product
often varies from market to market depending on such factors as customer demand, affiliate brand focus, product registration or other local legal requirements, and product availability in our supply chain.
Sales Leader previews and other product introductions and promotions sometimes generate significant activity and a high level of purchasing, which can result in a higher-than-normal increase in revenue, Customers,
Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders during the quarter and skew year-over-year and sequential comparisons. We believe our product launch process attracts new Customers, Paid Affiliates and Sales Leaders to our business, increases consumer trial,
and provides us with important marketing and forecasting information about our products. Please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for more information on risks related to our product launch process.
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GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS
We currently sell and distribute our Nu Skin business’s products in nearly 50 markets. We have divided these markets
into seven segments: Mainland China; South Korea; Southeast Asia/Pacific, which includes Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zealand and other markets; Americas, which includes Canada, Latin
America and the United States; Japan; Hong Kong/Taiwan, which also includes Macau; and Europe & Africa, which includes markets in Europe as well as South Africa. During the fourth quarter of 2025, we began pre-market activities in
India, setting the operational foundation and infrastructure ahead of a full market opening anticipated in the back half of 2026. Our financial results and key performance indicators for this market, which are included in our Southeast
Asia/Pacific segment in this report, were insignificant for 2025. Our Rhyz strategic investment arm also includes two additional segments: Manufacturing
and Rhyz Other. The following table sets forth the revenue for each of the segments and the Other category for the last three years.
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (U.S. dollars in millions) | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nu Skin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 283.0 | 19 | % | $ | 322.5 | 19 | % | $ | 398.2 | 20 | % | ||||||||||||
| Southeast Asia/Pacific | 209.8 | 14 | 244.8 | 14 | 267.2 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mainland China | 195.6 | 13 | 235.2 | 14 | 298.1 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Japan | 174.4 | 12 | 181.6 | 10 | 207.8 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Europe & Africa | 150.2 | 10 | 164.2 | 9 | 192.4 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| South Korea | 130.2 | 9 | 163.7 | 9 | 236.1 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hong Kong/Taiwan | 117.4 | 8 | 130.6 | 8 | 153.6 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 1.0 | — | 2.8 | — | (0.9 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Total Nu Skin | 1,261.6 | 85 | 1,445.5 | 83 | 1,752.5 | 89 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rhyz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing | 205.8 | 14 | 201.4 | 12 | 181.4 | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rhyz Other | 17.8 | 1 | 85.2 | 5 | 35.2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Rhyz | 223.6 | 15 | 286.6 | 17 | 216.6 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,485.2 | 100 | % | $ | 1,732.1 | 100 | % | $ | 1,969.1 | 100 | % |
Additional comparative revenue and related financial information is presented in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements contained in this report.
REGULATION
Our business is subject to various laws and regulations globally, particularly with respect to our direct selling business models and our product categories. In addition, as a United States
entity operating through subsidiaries in foreign jurisdictions, we are subject to foreign exchange control, transfer pricing and customs laws that regulate the flow of funds between us and our subsidiaries and for product purchases, management
services and contractual obligations, such as the payment of sales commissions. As is the case with most companies in our industry, we receive inquiries from time to time from government regulatory authorities regarding the nature of our business
and other issues, such as compliance with local direct selling, transfer pricing, customs, taxation, foreign exchange control, securities and other laws.
Direct Selling Regulations
Direct selling is regulated by various national, state and local government agencies in the United States and foreign markets. These laws and regulations are generally intended to
prevent fraudulent or deceptive schemes, including “pyramid” schemes, which compensate participants primarily for recruiting additional participants without significant emphasis on product
sales to consumers. The laws and regulations in our current markets generally:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | impose requirements related to order cancellations, product returns, inventory buy-backs and cooling-off periods for our sales force and consumers; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | require us, or our sales force, to register with government agencies; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | impose limits on the amount and type of sales compensation we can pay; |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | impose reporting requirements; and |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | require that our sales force is compensated for sales of products and not for recruiting others. |
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The laws and regulations governing direct selling may be modified or reinterpreted from time to time, which may cause us to modify our sales compensation and business
models. In almost all of our markets, regulations are subject to discretionary interpretation by regulators and judicial authorities. There is often ambiguity and uncertainty with respect to the state
of direct selling and anti-pyramiding laws and regulations. In the United States, for example, federal law provides law enforcement agencies, such as the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”), broad latitude in policing unfair or deceptive trade
practices, but does not provide a bright-line test for identifying a pyramid scheme. A number of states have passed legislation that more clearly distinguishes between illegal pyramid schemes and legitimate multi-level marketing business models.
During the past several years, settlements and other judicial orders between the FTC and other direct selling companies and guidance from the FTC have addressed inappropriate earnings and lifestyle claims, problematic compensation structures and
the importance of focusing on consumers. In addition, in 2025, the FTC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“NPR”) and an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (“ANPR”) regarding potential rules governing earnings claims for multi-level
marketers. The NPR proposes to prohibit multi-level marketers from making deceptive earnings claims, and it would require them to have written substantiation to back up any earnings claims and make that substantiation available to consumers upon
request. The ANPR indicates that the FTC is considering additional restrictions on earnings claims and recruiting by multi-level marketers. For more information about these matters, other regulatory actions, and their potential impact on our
business, see Item 1A. Risk Factors—“Challenges to the form of our network marketing system or to our business practices have harmed and could continue to harm our business” and “Direct selling laws and
regulations vary globally, are subject to interpretation or change, and may prohibit or severely restrict direct selling and cause our revenue and profitability to decline.”
The regulatory environment in Mainland China is particularly complex and continues to evolve. Mainland China’s direct selling and anti-pyramiding regulations contain various
restrictions, including a prohibition on the payment of multi-level compensation. The regulations are subject to discretionary interpretation by state, provincial and local regulators as well as local customs and practices. Regulators continue
to act cautiously as they monitor the development of direct selling in Mainland China. To expand our direct selling model into additional provinces in Mainland China, we currently must obtain a series of approvals from the local Department of
Commerce in such provinces, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce (our supervisory authority), as well as the Ministry of Commerce, PRC (“MOFCOM”), which is the national governmental authority overseeing direct selling. In the course of
obtaining these approvals, the respective authorities under MOFCOM must also consult and seek opinions on our business operations from the Ministry of Public Security and the Administration for Market Regulation at both provincial and state
levels. Government authorities have not been issuing new licenses for direct selling since 2019.
Our operations in Mainland China are subject to significant government and media scrutiny and investigations. At times, investigations and other regulatory actions have limited our ability to conduct business in
Mainland China. For example, the government’s scrutiny of activities within the health products and direct selling industries has been at higher levels since 2019, when the government conducted a 100-day campaign
to review and inspect the health products and direct selling industries following negative media coverage about healthcare-related product claims made by another direct selling company in Mainland China. Since this time, we have been receiving
and addressing an increased number of government reviews, inspections, and inquiries and consumer complaints in Mainland China; our ability to hold certain business meetings has been limited; and negative media coverage has spread to include
additional companies, including ours. Another example occurred in 2014. In response to media and government scrutiny of our Mainland China business in 2014, we voluntarily took a number of actions in Mainland China, including temporarily
suspending our business meetings, temporarily suspending acceptance of applications for any new sales representatives, and extending our product refund and return policies. These voluntary measures and the adverse publicity had a significant
negative impact on our business. We face a risk that future investigations and other regulatory actions may result in fines, revocation of licenses or other significant sanctions.
Several markets, including Mainland China, South Korea, Indonesia and Vietnam, impose limits on the amount of sales compensation we can pay to our sales force. For example, under regulations in Mainland China,
direct selling companies may pay independent direct sellers in Mainland China up to a maximum 30% of the revenue they generate through their own sales of products to consumers. Additionally, in South Korea, local regulations limit sales
compensation to 35% of the total price of goods or services supplied in South Korea. We have implemented various measures to comply with these limits.
In some markets, regulations applicable to the activities of our Sales Leaders may affect our business because we are, or regulators may assert that we are, responsible for our Sales Leaders’ conduct. In these
markets, regulators may request or require that we take steps to ensure that our Sales Leaders comply with local regulations. For example, in Japan, we have taken steps to comply with strict requirements regarding how Brand Affiliates approach
prospective customers. From time to time, we receive information from consumer centers in certain prefectures about the number of general inquiries and complaints about us and our Brand Affiliates, and we also sometimes receive warnings to reduce
such complaints. Based on this information, we continually evaluate and enhance our Brand Affiliate compliance, education and training efforts in Japan.
Our sales force is required to comply with work authorization and other local legal requirements prior to working in a market. Some markets, including Mainland China, Vietnam and India also prohibit or restrict
participation of overseas personnel or foreigners in direct selling activities. We cannot ensure that actions of our sales force will not violate local laws or regulations.
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Please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for more information on regulatory and other risks associated with our business.
Product Regulations
Our beauty and wellness products and related promotional and marketing activities are subject to extensive government regulation by numerous federal, state, and local government agencies and
authorities, including the United States Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”), the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Department of Agriculture, United States and State Attorneys General, and
state regulatory agencies in the United States, as well as the State Administration for Market Regulation in Mainland China, the Food and Drug Administration in Taiwan, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in South Korea, the Ministry of Health,
Labour and Welfare in Japan, and similar government agencies in all other markets in which we operate. In the United States, the FDA regulates the formulation, manufacture and labeling of over-the-counter (“OTC”) drugs, cosmetics, dietary
supplements, foods and medical devices such as those that we distribute.
Regulation of Beauty Products in the United States. Our beauty products are subject to various laws and regulations that regulate cosmetic
and personal care products and set forth regulations that, among other things, determine whether a product can be marketed as a “cosmetic” or requires further submissions as an OTC drug. In the United States, the regulation of cosmetic content
and labeling is under the primary jurisdiction of the FDA. Cosmetics are not subject to pre-market approval by the FDA, but their ingredients and labeling content are regulated by the FDA. Those who sell cosmetics have the burden to ensure their
products are safe for use as directed and not adulterated or misbranded. The labeling of cosmetic products is subject to the requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”), the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act and other FDA
regulations. In 2024, the FDA began implementing portions of the Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (“MoCRA”). This implementation creates a greater burden for cosmetic facility registration and audits, mandates product
notifications for cosmetics, allergen labeling declarations, and mandates the reporting of serious adverse events to the FDA. Rollout of MoCRA is expected to continue for the coming years. Failure to correctly interpret and comply with the new
requirements could lead to government actions against us and an associated impairment to our business.
The FDCA defines cosmetics by their intended use, as “articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body . . . for
cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance . . . .” Among the products included in this definition are skin moisturizers, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup preparations, shampoos,
permanent waves, hair colors, toothpastes and deodorants, as well as material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. A product may be considered a drug or a medical device if it is intended for use in the diagnosis, cure,
mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or is intended to affect the structure or any function of the body (“structure/function claims”). A product’s intended use can be inferred from marketing or product claims, and regulators may
consider the marketing claims of our sales force. Structure/function claims are generally prohibited for cosmetic products as are disease prevention and treatment claims. The FDA prohibits certain ingredients from being included in cosmetic
products. It is possible that cosmetic product ingredients now commonly in use may be restricted or prohibited in the future as more is learned about such ingredients.
In recent years, the FDA has issued warning letters to many cosmetic companies alleging improper structure/function claims regarding their cosmetic products, including, for example, product
claims regarding gene activity, cellular rejuvenation, and rebuilding collagen. Cosmetic companies confront difficulty in determining whether a claim would be considered by the FDA to be an improper structure/function claim. Given this
difficulty, and our research and product development focus on the sources of aging and the influence of certain ingredients on gene expression, there is a risk that we could receive a warning letter, be required to modify our product claims, or
take other actions to satisfy the FDA if the FDA determines any of our marketing materials contain improper structure/function claims for our cosmetic products. In addition, plaintiffs’ lawyers have filed class action lawsuits against some of our
competitors after our competitors received these FDA warning letters. There can be no assurance that we will not be subject to government actions or lawsuits, which could harm our business.
Certain products, such as sunscreens and acne treatments, are classified as OTC drugs (and cosmetics, depending on claims) and have specific ingredient, labeling and manufacturing requirements.
OTC drug products may be marketed if they conform to the requirements of an FDA-established OTC drug monograph that is applicable to that drug. Drug products not conforming to monograph requirements require an approved New Drug Application
(“NDA”) before marketing may begin. Under these provisions, if the agency were to find that a product or ingredient of one of our OTC drug products is not generally recognized as safe and effective or is not included in a final monograph that is
applicable to one of our OTC drug products, we may be required to reformulate or cease marketing that product until it is the subject of an approved NDA or until the time, if ever, that the monograph is amended to include such product. The
labeling of these products is subject to the requirements of the FDCA and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act and other FDA regulations.
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Regulation of Beauty Products in
Other Markets. The other markets in which we operate have similar regulations. In Mainland China, beauty products, other than devices, are placed into one of two categories, “special-purpose cosmetics” and “general cosmetics.”
Products in both categories require adequate substantiation of efficacy, which must be made available to authorities prior to marketing a product and which can be reviewed and enforced upon at any time thereafter. The product registration
process for some categories of beauty products in Mainland China takes three to six months to complete under the latest regulations governing cosmetics. Certain cosmetics are categorized as “special cosmetics” and carry a more unpredictable
process and approval timing frequently in excess of two years. In Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare regulates the sale and distribution of cosmetics and requires us to have an import business license and to register each beauty
product imported into Japan. In Taiwan, all “medicated” cosmetic products require registration. In South Korea, only cosmetics that either underwent examination by or have been reported to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as functional
cosmetics can be claimed and advertised as “functional” cosmetics. The sale of cosmetic products is regulated in the European Union (the “EU”) under the EU Cosmetics Regulation, which requires a uniform application for foreign companies placing
finished beauty products on the European market. Similar regulations in any of our markets may limit our ability to import products or utilize key ingredients or technologies globally and may delay product launches while the registration and
approval process is pending. Changing regulations may require us to stop selling, discontinue, or reformulate and re-register products in order to sell those products.
Regulation of Wellness Products in the United States. Our wellness products are also subject to applicable regulations of government
agencies in the markets in which we operate. In the United States, we generally market our wellness products as conventional foods or dietary supplements. The FDA has jurisdiction over this regulatory area. The FDA imposes specific requirements
for the labels and labeling of food and dietary supplements, including the requirements of the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004, which mandates declaration of the presence of major food allergens. In addition, the Public
Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 contains requirements with regard to the sale and importation of food products in the United States.
The FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (“FSMA”), which was signed into law in 2011, also increased the FDA’s authority with respect to food safety and made significant changes to
the FDCA with respect to strengthening the U.S. food safety system. It enables the FDA to focus more on preventing food safety problems rather than primarily reacting to problems after they occur. The law also provides the FDA with enforcement
authority designed to achieve higher rates of compliance with prevention- and risk-based food safety standards and to better respond to and contain problems when they do occur. The law also gives the FDA important tools to hold imported foods
to the same standards as domestic foods and directs the FDA to build an integrated national food safety system in partnership with state and local authorities. The FDA is actively enforcing FSMA
requirements, subjecting food and nutritional supplements to increased regulatory scrutiny. Pursuant to FSMA, the FDA is authorized, among other things, to order mandatory recalls, issue “administrative detention” orders, and revoke
manufacturing facility registrations (effectively preventing the operation of a food or dietary supplement manufacturing facility), and importers of foods and nutritional supplements are subject to Foreign Supplier Verification Program
requirements.
The FDA regulates dietary supplements principally under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (“DSHEA”). DSHEA formally defines what may be sold as a dietary supplement,
defines statements of nutritional support and the conditions under which they may lawfully be used, and includes provisions that permit the FDA to regulate manufacturing practices and labeling claims applicable to dietary supplements. Because
most of our wellness products are regulated under DSHEA, we generally are not required to obtain regulatory approval prior to introducing a dietary supplement into the United States market. We are, however, obligated to notify the FDA, prior to
marketing a product, of any structure/function claims that we intend to make about the product in any product-related materials.
Generally, under DSHEA, dietary ingredients that were on the market before October 15, 1994 may be used in dietary supplements without notifying the FDA. However, a “new” dietary ingredient
(i.e., a dietary ingredient that was not marketed in the United States before October 15, 1994) must be the subject of a new dietary ingredient notification submitted to the FDA unless the ingredient has been “present in the food supply as an
article used for food” without having been “chemically altered.” The enforcement of the term “chemically altered” has and continues to evolve within the FDA. As such, an ingredient that is deemed today not to be “chemically altered” may be viewed
otherwise in the future, which could lead to our being required to reformulate or cease marketing the product until such time that we can find a suitable replacement. A new dietary ingredient notification must provide the FDA with evidence of a
“history of use or other evidence of safety” which establishes that use of the dietary ingredient “will reasonably be expected to be safe.” A new dietary ingredient notification must be submitted to the FDA at least 75 days before the new dietary
ingredient can be marketed. Under DSHEA, the FDA may seek to remove from the market any new dietary ingredient that the FDA determines to be unsafe. In addition, the FDA may also deem a dietary supplement an unapproved drug where the marketing
claims made in connection with the sale or promotion of the product effectively place it in the drug category.
From time to time, efforts are made by some individuals or groups to repeal DSHEA. If this were to happen, significant burdens would be imposed on our product development, and the costs of
running our business would increase significantly.
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Regulation of Wellness Products Globally. In our foreign markets, nutritional supplements are generally regulated by similar government
agencies, such as the Mainland China State Administration for Market Regulation; the South Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety; the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; and the Taiwan Department of Health. We typically market our
wellness products in international markets as foods, health foods, dietary supplements, food supplements or other similar categorizations under applicable regulatory regimes. With few exceptions, in the event a product or ingredient is classified
as a drug or pharmaceutical product in any market, we will generally not be able to distribute that product in that market through our distribution channel because of pre-market approvals and strict regulations applicable to drug and
pharmaceutical products. Mainland China also has highly restrictive nutritional supplement product regulations. A vast majority of products marketed as “health foods” are subject to extensive laboratory and clinical analysis by government
authorities, and the product registration process in Mainland China takes a minimum of two years and may be substantially longer. In some cases it has taken us four years or longer to obtain product registrations. A pre-market process has been
established for a minority of “health foods,” which allows products with specifically approved nutritional ingredients (such as some vitamins and minerals) to undergo a filing process rather than the full registration process. We market both
“health foods” and “general foods” in Mainland China. There is some risk associated with the common practice in Mainland China of marketing a product as a “general food” without any health food claims while applying to the authorities for “health
food” classification. If government officials feel the categorization of our products is inconsistent with product claims, form of delivery, ingredients or function, this could end or limit our ability to market such products in Mainland China in
their current form. In addition, we are not permitted to market or sell “general foods” through our direct sales channel in Mainland China and any efforts by our independent direct sellers to do so could result in negative publicity, fines and
other government sanctions being imposed against us.
The markets in which we operate all have varied regulations that distinguish foods and nutritional supplements from “pharmaceutical products.” Because of the varied regulations, some products
or ingredients that are recognized as “food” in certain markets may be treated as “pharmaceutical” in other markets. In Japan, for example, if a specified ingredient is not listed as a “food” by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, we must either
modify the product to eliminate or substitute that ingredient or petition the government to treat such ingredient as a food. We experience similar issues in our other markets. This is particularly a challenge in Europe, where regulations often
still differ from member state to member state, despite EU regulations designed to harmonize the laws of EU member states. Recent activity to harmonize national laws governing maximum vitamin and mineral levels could restrict our ability to
continue using the current formulations of our products. With markets in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (“ASEAN”), certain member states have amended some of their requirements in anticipation of the harmonization of ASEAN supplement
regulations, even though these changes may not be identical to the eventual ASEAN requirements nor consistent with other member states. As a result, we often must modify the ingredients and/or the levels of ingredients in our products for certain
markets or create unique formulations for multiple markets. In some circumstances, the regulations in foreign markets may require us to obtain regulatory approval prior to the introduction of a new product or limit our use of certain ingredients
altogether.
Because of negative publicity associated with some adulterated or misbranded supplements, including pharmaceutical drugs marketed as dietary supplements, there has been an increased movement in
the United States and other markets to expand the regulation of dietary supplements, which could lead to additional restrictions or requirements in the future. In general, the regulatory environment is becoming more complex with increasingly
stricter regulations each year.
Manufacturing Process. In 2007, and as subsequently updated under the regulations implementing the FSMA, the FDA established regulations
to require current “good manufacturing practices” for dietary supplements and food products in the United States. The regulations ensure that dietary supplements and food products are produced in a quality manner, do not contain contaminants or
impurities above pre-established levels, and are accurately labeled. The regulations include requirements for establishing quality control procedures for us and our vendors and suppliers, designing and constructing manufacturing plants, and
testing ingredients and finished products throughout our supply chain. The regulations also include requirements for record keeping and handling consumer product complaints. If dietary supplements or food products contain contaminants or
allergens or do not contain the type or quantity of dietary ingredient they are represented to contain, the FDA would consider those products to be adulterated or misbranded. Our business is subject to additional FDA regulations, such as new
dietary ingredient regulations and adverse event reporting regulations that require us to document and track adverse events and report serious adverse events that involve hospitalization, permanent impairment or death associated with consumers’
use of certain of our products. Compliance with these regulations has increased, and may further increase, the cost of manufacturing and selling certain of our products as we incur internal costs, oversee and inspect more aspects of third-party
manufacturing and work with our vendors to assure they are in compliance and maintain accurate recordkeeping to establish controls. Failure to comply with good manufacturing practices could also result in product recalls.
Advertising and Product Claims. Most of our major markets regulate advertising and product claims regarding the efficacy and quality of
products and require adequate and reliable scientific substantiation of all product claims. In most of our foreign markets, we are typically not able to make any “medicinal” claims with respect to our wellness products. In some cases, such
regulations may limit our ability to inform consumers of some of the benefits our products offer.
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In the United States, the FDA generally prohibits disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment claims when made for a dietary supplement. DSHEA, however, permits substantiated,
truthful and non-misleading “statements of nutritional support” to be included in labeling for dietary supplements without FDA pre-approval. Such statements may describe how a particular dietary ingredient affects the structure, function
or general well-being of the body, or the mechanism of action by which a dietary ingredient may affect the structure, function or well-being of the body, but such statements may not state that a dietary supplement will reduce the risk or
incidence of a disease unless such claim has been reviewed and approved by the FDA. In addition, the FDA permits companies to use FDA-approved full and qualified health claims for products containing specific ingredients that meet stated
requirements.
A company that uses a statement of nutritional support in labeling must possess evidence substantiating that the statement is truthful and not misleading. The FDA has issued guidance defining a manufacturer’s
obligations to substantiate structure/function claims. Such statements, when used in labeling, must also be submitted to the FDA no later than 30 days after first marketing the product with the statement that they possess the necessary evidence
and must be accompanied by an FDA mandated label disclaimer that “This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.” There can be no assurance, however, that the FDA or
FTC will not determine that a particular statement of nutritional support that we want to use is an unacceptable disease claim or an unauthorized nutrient-disease relationship claim otherwise permitted with FDA approval as a “health claim” or
that such claims have competent and reliable scientific evidence. Such a determination might prevent the use of such a claim or result in enforcement by the FDA.
From time to time, there are unfavorable media reports regarding dietary supplements, which call for the repeal or amendment of DSHEA. Individuals or groups that are opposed to supplements or question their safety
or efficacy attempt, from time to time, to use these media reports to propose legislation intended to amend or repeal DSHEA. Some of the legislative proposals may include variations on premarket approval, enhanced premarket safety or
substantiation required and changing the definition of a “dietary ingredient” to remove either botanicals or selected classes of ingredients now treated as dietary ingredients.
Most of the other markets in which we operate have not adopted legislation like DSHEA, and we may be subject to more restrictive limitations on the claims we can make about our products in
these markets. For example, in Japan, most of our nutritional supplements are marketed as food products, which significantly limits our ability to make claims regarding these products. If marketing materials produced or used by us or our sales
force make claims that exceed the scope of allowed claims for nutritional supplements, the FDA or other regulatory authorities could deem our products to be unapproved drugs. In Mainland China and Europe, we also face significant restrictions on
our ability to make product claims regarding the efficacy of our products. Violations, alleged violations, or negative media attention related to our compliance with these restrictions could harm consumers’ perception of our business and products
and could negatively impact the registration, licensing status and sales of our products.
The FTC, which exercises primary jurisdiction over the advertising of all of our products in the United States, has instituted enforcement actions against dietary supplement, food, and cosmetic
companies for, among other things, deceptive advertising and lack of adequate scientific substantiation for claims. We also face limitations on our use of the scientific experts who have helped us develop and test some of our products. In the
United States, for example, the FTC’s Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising may restrict marketing to those results obtained by a “typical” consumer and require disclosure of any material connections between an
endorser and the company or products they are endorsing. In Mainland China, some media outlets have questioned the nature and extent of our connections with our Scientific Advisory Board and others who have helped in developing our scientific
approach or testing our products. This negative publicity could harm consumers’ perception of our business and our products, which could negatively impact our revenue. We cannot be sure that the FTC, or comparable foreign agencies, will not
question our advertising or other operations in the future.
In recent years, the FTC has initiated numerous investigations of and actions against companies that sell dietary supplements and cosmetic products. The FTC may enforce compliance with the law
in a variety of ways, both administratively and judicially, using compulsory process, cease and desist orders, and injunctions. FTC enforcement can result in consent decrees or orders requiring, among other things, injunctive provisions,
corrective advertising, consumer redress, and such other relief as the agency deems necessary to protect the public. Violation of these consent decrees or orders could result in substantial financial or other penalties. The FTC also sends warning
letters as it monitors companies’ activities. In addition, during 2023, the FTC sent notices of penalty offense to nearly 700 companies, including us, regarding the requirement of sufficient substantiation for product claims. Pursuant to the
FTC’s “penalty offense authority,” companies that received the notice are expected to comply with the standards set in the FTC’s prior administrative cases on this topic, and they could incur significant civil penalties if they or their
representatives fail to do so. No assurance can be given that the FTC will not question our advertising or other operations in the United States in the future. Any action in the future by the FTC could materially and adversely affect our ability
to successfully market our products in the United States.
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In connection with investigations that occurred in the 1990s of certain alleged unsubstantiated product and earnings claims made by our Brand Affiliates, we entered into two
consent decrees with the FTC and various agreements with state regulatory agencies. The consent decrees require us to, among other things, supplement our procedures to enforce our policies, not allow our Brand Affiliates to make earnings
representations without making certain average earnings disclosures and not allow our Brand Affiliates to make unsubstantiated product claims. The FTC could initiate an enforcement action to the extent
the FTC determines that our advertising or promotional practices are deceptive or contrary to the requirements of the consent decrees.
Regulation of Medical Devices. Our Nu Skin Facial Spa and Nu Skin RenuSpa iO devices were cleared for marketing through the FDA’s 510(k) process. Medical devices are highly regulated by the FDA. Manufacturers of medical devices must register and list their products with the FDA annually, whether
they are located domestically or overseas. Foreign jurisdictions may take note of the fact that we have registered a medical device in the United States and require us to register in their market as well. The FDA has broad regulatory powers in
the areas of clinical testing, manufacturing and labeling of medical devices. Medical devices must be labeled in accordance with the FDA’s general device labeling requirements and whatever particular label requirements the FDA may designate for
that type of device.
In addition, medical device manufacturers must adhere to certain “good manufacturing practices” in accordance with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, which regulates the manufacture of
medical devices, prescribes record-keeping procedures and provides for the routine inspection of facilities for compliance with such regulations. If in connection with these inspections, the FDA believes the manufacturer has failed to comply with
applicable regulations and/or procedures, it may issue observations that would necessitate prompt corrective action. If the FDA inspection observations are not addressed and/or corrective action taken in a timely manner and to the FDA’s
satisfaction, the FDA may issue a warning letter (which would similarly necessitate prompt corrective action) and/or proceed directly to other forms of enforcement action. Failure to respond timely to FDA inspection observations, a warning letter
or other notice of noncompliance and to promptly come into compliance could result in the FDA bringing enforcement action against us, which could include the shutdown of our production facilities, denial of importation rights to the United States
for products manufactured in overseas locations and criminal and civil fines.
Our Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner, Prysm iO, and future device products may be subject to the regulations of
various health, consumer-protection and other government authorities around the world. These regulations vary from market to market and affect whether our products are required to be registered as medical devices, the claims that can be made with
respect to these products, who can use them, and where they can be used. The interpretation of the line between medical devices and non-medical devices in each country is subjective and varied, as well as subject to change based on industry
precedent, influence from the medical device sector, and other factors. Our connected devices are subject to specific testing, certification, and/or registration governing the connectivity to mobile devices. We have been required to register our
ageLOC Galvanic Facial Spa and ageLOC Body Spa systems as medical devices in a few markets, and we also have received
clearance from the FDA to market our Nu Skin Facial Spa and our Nu Skin RenuSpa iO devices for over-the-counter use. We have registered ageLOC Boost and Nu Skin WellSpa iO as medical devices in Thailand. We have been subject to regulatory inquiries in the United States, Japan and other markets with respect to the status
of the Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner as a non-medical device. Any determination that medical device clearance is required for one of our products, in a market where we currently market and sell such
product as a cosmetic or non-medical device, could require us to expend significant time and resources in order to meet the additional stringent standards imposed on medical device companies or prevent us from marketing the product.
Under applicable direct selling regulations in Mainland China, our Pharmanex BioPhotonic Scanner, ageLOC LumiSpa, ageLOC Galvanic Facial Spa and ageLOC Body Spa systems are registered as “health care equipment” or “household appliances,” which
enables us to market and sell them through our direct sales channel in that market. The process for registering products for the direct sales channel in Mainland China is subject to delays. However, this process and registration requirement do
not apply to all of our sales channels in Mainland China; although our independent direct sellers are prohibited from earning commissions by selling products that are not so registered, sales by our sales employees or independent marketers are
not subject to this requirement. Please refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors for more information on the regulatory risks associated with our device products.
COMPETITION
Products
The markets for our products are highly competitive. Our competitors include a broad array of marketers of beauty and wellness products and pharmaceutical companies, many of which have longer
operating histories and greater name recognition and financial resources than we do. We compete in these markets by emphasizing the innovation, value and premium quality of our products and the reach, convenience and customer servicing of our
distribution system. The personal touch our sales force provides is a key differentiator in our approach to sharing products with and retaining consumers.
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Direct Selling
We compete with other direct selling companies, some of which have a longer operating history and greater visibility, name recognition and financial resources than we do. Leading global direct
selling companies include Amway, Natura & Co and Herbalife. We also compete with local direct selling companies in the markets in which we operate. We compete with these companies to attract and retain our sales force and consumers based on
the strength of our product offerings, sales compensation, multiple business opportunities, management and international operations.
RHYZ COMPANIES
In addition to our core Nu Skin business, we also explore new areas of synergistic and adjacent growth through our strategic investment arm known as Rhyz Inc. Our Rhyz businesses, which are reported in two segments, primarily consist of the following consumer, technology and manufacturing companies:
Rhyz Manufacturing Segment:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Elevate Nutraceuticals LLC, dba Elevate Health Sciences—a manufacturer of private-label dietary supplements. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Ingredient Innovations International Company, dba 3i Solutions—a manufacturing technology company, making ingredients more bioavailable and shelf stable across food, beverage, supplements and personal care products. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | L&W Holdings, Inc., dba CasePak—a packaging company that consults with product developers to design, develop, and source packaging. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Wasatch Product Development, LLC—a developer and manufacturer of personal care products, dietary supplements and functional foods. |
Rhyz Other Segment:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | Beauty Biosciences LLC—a beauty company that sells its products through digital and retail channels. |
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| ● | LifeDNA, Inc.—a DNA assessment and recommendation technology company that we believe holds potential for our broader personalization strategy. |
Until January 2025, the Rhyz Other segment additionally included MyFavoriteThings, Inc., dba Mavely, a social commerce platform. As previously announced, we sold this business in
January 2025. Mavely accounted for $69.6 million of our 2024 reported revenue. Also as previously announced, we are currently evaluating strategic opportunities with LifeDNA, including potentially divesting it, to maximize our return on
investment.
In 2025, the Rhyz companies generated $223.6 million, or 15%, of our 2025 reported revenue (excluding sales to our core Nu Skin business). Rhyz is a key component of our business, and these
companies enable us to optimize our cost of goods, improve lead times, diversify our revenue mix, and create synergies for our brands.
HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately 2,800 full- and part-time employees worldwide. This does not include approximately 5,800 sales employees in our Mainland China operations. We have
statutory employee representation obligations in certain markets, and our employees are represented by labor unions where expressly required by law, including in Mainland China where substantially all of our employees are registered as members of
the required labor union in that market. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good, and we do not foresee a shortage in qualified personnel necessary to operate our business.
Our human capital priorities include the following:
Capability—Hiring, Engagement, Development and Retention. We seek to hire and retain employees with the talents and capabilities to
succeed at our company. The level of competition for qualified employees is high, owing to employment market trends both internationally and in Utah, where our corporate headquarters are located. These conditions have made it difficult to fill
some job positions and retain employees. We address this issue by building a strong employer brand, allowing remote work options to reach potential employees in other locations, and providing competitive compensation and benefits. In addition,
our hiring and retention efforts must be consistent with our overall business size and strategy. We also conduct leadership talent reviews and succession planning to identify and assess potential successors for key leadership positions across the
company. These talent management processes result in identifying individual and group capabilities and development actions which are used to build current and future leadership capability for the company.
Developing our employees and keeping them engaged is crucial. We pursue these objectives by providing leadership training, encouraging managers to conduct one-on-one meetings with employees,
holding town hall meetings to promote dialogue between management and employees, and reinforcing the Nu Skin Way to maintain an invigorating and attractive culture. We conduct a global employee experience survey every six months to obtain our
employees’ feedback, which helps to guide our human capital initiatives and to maintain robust employee engagement.
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Culture—A High-Performance and High-Engagement Work Environment. All of our full- and part-time employees are responsible for upholding
the Nu Skin Code of Conduct and for striving to follow the Nu Skin Way, our global culture aspiration, which includes the following principles:
| ● | Force for good | ● | Own it | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ● | Innovate | ● | All in | |
| ● | Lead | ● | One global team | |
| ● | Customer obsessed |
Inclusion. We believe an
inclusive work environment allows us to benefit from unique perspectives and provides vitality, creativity, new ideas and growth. We aspire to be a global community where every employee, entrepreneur, and consumer knows and feels they belong.
We have established employee resource groups to help ensure that under-represented populations feel welcome at Nu Skin. Our Healthy Workplace Policy also aims to
cultivate a culture of mutual respect and to provide all employees a work environment free from harassment, discrimination and unprofessional behavior. Our employees receive training on their responsibility in this important area, and we
regularly communicate with employees about the process to report concerns. We make a Healthy Workplace Hotline available for employees to report concerns anonymously.
Employee Health and Well-Being.
Our employees’ health and well-being is an essential component of our human capital management strategy. From time to time, we implement employee wellness programs to raise awareness of and encourage healthy lifestyle practices in the areas
of physical, emotional, intellectual and/or financial wellness. Where possible, our employees receive free product benefits, including our wellness
products. Employees at our corporate headquarters also have access to an on-site gym, as well as our employee assistance program, which includes free counseling services. Employees in our global markets also receive benefits and other services
focused on maintaining health and well-being.
Our Board’s committees engage with our senior management and head of Human Resources regarding human capital management on a regular basis. Working with management, our Board’s committees
oversee and receive reports on matters including culture and inclusion, compensation, benefits, key talent succession planning and employee engagement. In addition, each year, our management reports to the Compensation and Human Capital Committee
on management’s annual assessment of risks related to our compensation policies and practices.
In addition to our employees, our human capital resources also include our sales force. For information about our sales force, see Item 1. Business—“Distribution Channel.”
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
Our website address is www.nuskin.com. We make available, free of charge on our Investor Relations website, ir.nuskin.com, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form
8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
We also use our Investor Relations website, ir.nuskin.com, as a channel of distribution of additional Company information that may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor this channel, in addition
to following our press releases, Securities and Exchange Commission filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of our website shall not be deemed to be incorporated herein by reference.
We have adopted a Code of Conduct that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including those of our subsidiaries. Our Code of Conduct is available in the “Governance” section of our Investor
Relations website at ir.nuskin.com. In addition, stockholders may obtain a copy, free of charge, by making a written request to Investor Relations, Nu Skin Enterprises, Inc., 75 West Center Street, Provo, Utah 84601. Any amendments or waivers
(including implicit waivers) regarding the Code of Conduct requiring disclosure under applicable SEC rules or NYSE listing standards will be disclosed in the same section of our website.
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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Our executive officers as of February 14, 2026 are as follows:
| Name | Age | Position | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steven J. Lund | 72 | Executive Chairman of the Board | ||
| Ryan S. Napierski | 52 | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| James D. Thomas | 47 | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Chayce D. Clark | 43 | Executive Vice President and General Counsel | ||
| Steven K. Hatchett | 54 | Executive Vice President and Chief Product Officer | ||
| Justin S. Keisel | 52 | Executive Vice President and President of Global Sales |
Steven J. Lund has served as Executive Chairman of our board of directors since 2012. Mr. Lund previously served as Vice Chairman of our board of directors from 2006 to
2012 and as President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors from 1996, when we went public, until 2003. Mr. Lund is a trustee of the Nu Skin Force for Good Foundation, a charitable organization that our company
established to help encourage and drive philanthropic efforts for our company, sales force and employees to enrich the lives of others. Mr. Lund worked as an attorney in private practice prior to joining our company as Vice President and General
Counsel. He received a B.A. degree from Brigham Young University and a J.D. degree from Brigham Young University’s J. Reuben Clark Law School.
Ryan S. Napierski has served as our Company’s President since 2017 and as our CEO since 2021. Previously, he served as President of Global Sales and Operations from 2015 to
2017. Prior to serving in that position, he served as both President of our North Asia region since 2014 and President of Nu Skin Japan since 2010. Mr. Napierski has fulfilled multiple leadership positions for Nu Skin since joining our company in
1995, including Vice President of Business Development for Nu Skin EMEA and General Manager of the United Kingdom. Mr. Napierski has a Bachelor’s degree in business, a Master of Business Administration degree from Duke University and a Master’s
degree in international business from Goethe Universitat in Germany.
James D. Thomas has served as our Chief Financial Officer since 2023. He previously served as our Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer from 2019 until 2023 and
as Vice President of Finance and Accounting from 2017 until 2019. Since joining Nu Skin in 2010, he also has served as Corporate Controller and as an Internal Auditor. Before joining Nu Skin, he worked as an assistant controller of another
publicly reporting company and served in the assurance practice at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Mr. Thomas holds B.S. and Master of Accounting degrees from Utah State University.
Chayce D. Clark has served as our Executive Vice President and General Counsel since 2021. Mr. Clark joined our company in 2015 as Assistant General Counsel and later served
as Vice President and Deputy General Counsel before beginning his current role. Prior to joining our company, he was a litigation attorney in private practice in Salt Lake City, Utah. He received a B.S. degree from Southern Utah University and a
J.D. degree from the University of Utah.
Steven K. Hatchett joined our company in 2018 and served as Senior Vice President of Global Manufacturing until 2021, when he began serving as Senior Vice President of
Global Products. He became Executive Vice President and Chief Product Officer in 2022. From 2015 to 2018, he served as CEO of Elevate Health Sciences, a nutritional supplement manufacturer that our company acquired in 2018, at which time he began
serving as President until December 2020. Previously, he served as vice president of manufacturing and product innovation at Forever Living Products, and as CEO and President at Cornerstone Research and Development.
Justin S. Keisel has served as our Executive Vice President and President of Global Sales since 2024. Mr. Keisel first joined our company in 1998, where for 14 years he
primarily worked in roles supporting growth in our North Asia and Southeast Asia markets. In 2012, Mr. Keisel accepted an offer to work for Rodan + Fields, where he held several positions from 2012 to 2019, serving most recently as vice president
of global programs and field development from 2017 to 2019. Mr. Keisel returned to our company in 2019 as General Manager of our United States and Canada markets and served in that position until 2021, when he was promoted to President of our
Americas region, the position he held until his 2024 promotion. Mr. Keisel holds B.S. and M.B.A. degrees from Brigham Young University.