LENNOX INTERNATIONAL INC (LII) Business

Item 1. Business

References in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “we,” “our,” “us,” “Lennox,” “LII” or the “Company” refer to Lennox International Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context requires otherwise.

The Company

We are a global leader in energy-efficient climate-control solutions. We design, manufacture and market a broad range of products for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (“HVACR”) markets. We have leveraged our expertise to become an industry leader known for innovation, quality and reliability. Our products and services are sold through multiple distribution channels under various brand names. The Company was founded in 1895, in Marshalltown, Iowa, by Dave Lennox, the owner of a machine repair business for railroads. He designed and patented a riveted steel coal-fired furnace, which led to numerous advancements in heating, cooling and climate control solutions.

Our two business segments, Home Comfort Solutions and Building Climate Solutions, the key products, services and well-known product and brand names within each segment and net sales in 2025 by segment are shown in the table below. Segment financial data for 2025, 2024 and 2023, including financial information about foreign and domestic operations, is included in Note 3 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Products and Services

Home Comfort Solutions

Heating & Cooling Products. We manufacture and market a broad range of heat pumps, furnaces, air conditioners, packaged heating and cooling systems, equipment and accessories to improve indoor air quality, comfort control products, replacement parts and supplies and related products for both the residential replacement and new construction markets in North America. These products are available in a variety of designs and efficiency levels and at a range of price points, and are intended to provide a complete line of home comfort solutions. We believe that by maintaining a broad product line marketed under multiple brand names, we can address different market segments and penetrate multiple distribution channels.

The “Lennox” business and brands (“Dave Lennox Signature Collection,” “Elite Series,” “Merit Series,” “iComfort,” “ComfortSense” and “Healthy Climate Solutions”) are sold directly to independent installing dealers, making us one of the

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largest wholesale distributors of residential heating, ventilation, and air conditioning products in North America. We operate a network of Lennox Stores across the U.S. and Canada. These stores provide an easy access solution for contractors and independent dealers to obtain universal service and replacement parts, supplies, convenience items, tools, Lennox equipment and OEM parts.

The Allied Air Enterprise business and brands (“Armstrong Air,” “AirEase,” “Concord,” “Ducane,” “Allied,” and “MagicPak”) include a full line of heating, ventilation and air conditioning products and are sold through independent wholesale distributors in the U.S. and Canada. The Allied Air Enterprise business also sells a full line of heating, ventilation and cooling equipment through private label brands.

The Advanced Distributor Products (“ADP”) business and brand (“ADP Advanced Distributor Products”) sells evaporator coils, air handlers and unit heaters to independent HVAC wholesale distributors across the U.S. and Canada.

Building Climate Solutions

Heating and Cooling Products. In North America, we manufacture and sell unitary heating and cooling equipment used in light commercial applications, such as low-rise office buildings, restaurants, retail centers, distribution, churches and schools. Our product offerings for these applications include rooftop units ranging from 2 to 30 tons of cooling capacity and split system/air handler combinations, which range from 1.5 to 20 tons of cooling capacity. These products are distributed primarily through commercial contractors and directly to national account customers. We believe the success of our products is attributable to their efficiency, impact to the environment, design flexibility, total cost of ownership, ease of service, and advanced control technology.

National Account Services. National Account Services (“NAS”) provides installation, service and preventive maintenance for commercial HVAC national account customers in the U.S. and Canada.

AES. In October 2023, we completed the acquisition of AES Industries, Inc. and AES Mechanical Service Group, Inc. (collectively, “AES”), which is included in our Building Climate Solutions segment. AES is a company dedicated to service and sustainability in the light commercial markets across North America. AES manufactures curbs, curb adapters, drop box diffusers and also offers HVAC recycling and salvage services, as well as focusing on multi-facility HVAC replacement for expired mechanical assets.

Refrigeration Products. We manufacture and market equipment for the North American commercial refrigeration markets under the Heatcraft Worldwide Refrigeration name. We sell these products to distributors, installing contractors, engineering design firms, original equipment manufacturers and end-users.

Our commercial refrigeration products include condensing units, unit coolers, fluid coolers, air-cooled condensers, air handlers and refrigeration rack systems. These products preserve food and other perishables in supermarkets, convenience stores, restaurants, warehouses and distribution centers. In addition, our products are used to cool a wide variety of industrial processes, including data centers, machine tooling, and other critical cooling applications. We routinely provide application engineering for consulting engineers, contractors, store planners, end customers and others to support the sale of commercial refrigeration products.

In addition, we own a 50% interest in a joint venture in Mexico that produces unit coolers, air-cooled condensers, condensing units, compressors and compressorized racks of the same design and quality as those manufactured by our U.S. business. This joint venture product line is complemented with imports from the U.S., which are sold through the joint venture’s distribution network.

Duro Dyne and Supco

In October 2025, we completed the acquisition of the Duro Dyne Buyer, Inc. (“Duro Dyne”) and Sealed Unit Parts Buyer, Inc. (“Supco”) businesses and brands (“Duro Dyne,” “Dyna-Tite,” “DuroZone,” “Supco,” and “LINEBACKER”). Duro Dyne and Supco manufacture and sell a robust portfolio of HVAC parts and supplies that complement our existing residential and commercial offerings, such as air distribution accessories, switches and controls, and other engineered components and accessories with HVACR applications. Duro Dyne is reported in our Business Climate Solutions segment, and Supco is reported in our Home Comfort Solutions segment.

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Joint Ventures

Ariston JV. We own a 49.9% interest in a joint venture with Ariston Group that will manufacture and distribute water heaters through Lennox Stores and our direct-to-dealer network. Ariston is reporting in our Home Comfort Solutions segment.

Samsung JV. We own a 49.9% interest in a joint venture with Samsung that distributes Samsung ductless AC and heat pump products in the U.S. and Canada as well as "Lennox powered by Samsung" branded products through Lennox Stores and direct-to-dealer network. Results are reported in either Home Comfort Solutions or Building Climate Solutions based on product type.

Corporate and Other

Prior to 2024, Corporate and Other included the results of our European operations. We manufactured and sold unitary HVAC products, which ranged from 2 to 70 tons of cooling capacity, and applied systems with up to 200 tons of cooling capacity. Our European products consisted of small package units, rooftop units, chillers, air handlers and fan coils that served medium-rise commercial buildings, shopping malls, other retail and entertainment buildings, institutional applications and other field-engineered applications. We manufactured heating and cooling products in several locations in Europe and marketed these products through both direct and indirect distribution channels. We also manufactured and marketed refrigeration products including condensing units, unit coolers, air-cooled condensers, fluid coolers, compressor racks and industrial process chillers. We had manufacturing locations in Germany, France and Spain.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, we successfully completed the divestiture of our European operations.

Business Strategy

Lennox offers a full spectrum of cooling, heating, indoor air quality and refrigeration products to meet the energy-efficient climate-control needs of residential and commercial customers across North America. We are advancing our market position through a balanced approach that includes organic growth and selective strategic investments. By effectively managing pricing and costs, we are driving margin expansion and profitability. Our success is rooted in a three-phase self-help transformation plan that continues to guide our progress over the coming years.

Differentiated Growth. We are investing in our sales force to expand customer touchpoints, enhancing the overall customer experience through digital innovations and output from our new commercial HVAC factory in Mexico. Additionally, we are focused on improving the fulfillment rate of HVAC equipment and driving higher attachment rates for parts and accessories, delivering a seamless and comprehensive solution that enhances customer satisfaction.

Resilient Profit Margins. We are committed to sustaining resilient margins through pricing excellence, enhanced productivity from higher volumes, material cost reductions, and a favorable mix influenced by regulatory transitions. Together, these initiatives fortify our financial foundation and long-term competitiveness.

Execution Management. We will leverage the Lennox Unified Management System to streamline our operations and set clear priorities. A focused strategy, investments in heat pump growth, and enhancements to our distribution network further exemplify our commitment to consistent management execution.

Marketing and Distribution

We utilize multiple channels of distribution and offer different brands at various price points in order to better penetrate the HVACR markets. Our products and services are sold through a combination of direct sales, distributors and company-owned parts and supplies stores. Dedicated sales forces and manufacturers’ representatives are deployed across our business segments and brands in a manner designed to maximize our ability to service each distribution channel. To optimize enterprise-wide effectiveness, we have active cross-functional and cross-organizational teams coordinating approaches to pricing, product design, distribution and national account customers.

The North American residential heating and cooling market provides an example of the competitive strength of our marketing and distribution strategy. We use three distinct distribution approaches in this market: the company-owned distribution system, the independent distribution system and direct sales to end-users. We distribute our “Lennox” brands in a company-owned process directly to independent dealers that install these heating and cooling products. We distribute our “Armstrong Air,” “Ducane,” “Air-Ease,” “Concord,” “MagicPak,” “ADP Advanced Distributor Products,” “Duro Dyne,” and “Supco” brands through the traditional independent distribution process pursuant to which we sell our products to distributors

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who, in turn, sell the products to installing contractors. We also sell our products through our Lennox Stores.

Manufacturing

We operate manufacturing facilities in North America and utilize the best available manufacturing techniques based on the needs of our businesses, including the use of lean manufacturing and principles of Six Sigma, a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for improving quality. We use numerous metrics to track and manage annual efficiency improvements. Some facilities are impacted by seasonal production demand, and we manufacture a mix of heating, cooling and refrigeration products in those facilities to balance production and maintain a relatively stable labor force. We may also hire temporary employees to meet changes in demand.

Strategic Sourcing

We partner with various suppliers to procure the raw materials and components used in the manufacturing of our products. We utilize a central strategic sourcing group that consolidates purchases of certain materials, components and indirect items across business segments to maximize our purchasing strength. The goal of the strategic sourcing group is to develop global strategies for a given component group that focuses on developing long-term relationships that provide significant value to our businesses. Our strategic sourcing group is focused on selecting partners that offer a competitive total cost, industry leading quality, and consistent on time delivery. Compressors, motors and controls constitute our most significant component purchases, while steel, aluminum and copper account for the bulk of our raw material purchases. We own a minority equity interest in a joint venture that manufactures compressors for our residential and commercial heating and cooling and refrigeration businesses to help provide the necessary supply to meet customer needs.

Research, Development and Technology

Research and development is a key pillar of our growth strategy. We operate an engineering and technology organization that focuses on new technology invention, product development, product quality improvements and process enhancements, including our development of next-generation control systems as well as heating, cooling and refrigeration products that include some of the most efficient products in their respective categories. We leverage intellectual property and innovative designs across our businesses. We also leverage product development cycle time improvements and product data management systems to commercialize new products to market more rapidly. We use advanced, commercially available computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing, computational fluid dynamics and other sophisticated design tools to streamline the design and manufacturing processes. We use complex computer simulations and analyses in the conceptual design phase before functional prototypes are created. We also operate a full line of prototype machine equipment and advanced laboratories certified by applicable industry associations.

Seasonality

Our sales and related segment profit tend to be seasonally higher in the second and third quarters of the year because summer is the peak season for sales of air conditioning equipment and services in the U.S. and Canada. For the same reason, our working capital needs are generally greater in the first and second quarters, and we generally have higher operating cash inflows in the third and fourth quarters.

HVAC markets are driven by seasonal weather patterns. HVAC products and services are sold year round, but the volume and mix of product sales and services change significantly by season. The industry generally ships roughly twice as many units during June as it does in December. Overall, cooling equipment represents a substantial portion of the annual HVAC market. Between the heating season (roughly November through February) and cooling season (roughly May through August) are periods commonly referred to as “shoulder seasons” when the distribution channel transitions its buying patterns from one season to the next. These seasonal fluctuations in mix and volume drive our sales and related segment profit, resulting in somewhat higher sales in the second and third quarters due to the higher volume in the cooling season relative to the heating season.

Patents and Trademarks

We hold numerous patents that relate to the design and use of our products. We consider these patents important, but no single patent is material to the overall conduct of our business. We proactively obtain patents to further our strategic intellectual property objectives. We own or license several trademarks and service marks we consider important in the marketing of our products and services, and we protect our marks through national registrations and common law rights.

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Competition

Substantially all markets in which we participate are competitive. The most significant competitive factors we face are product availability, reliability, energy efficiency, product performance, service, and price, with the relative importance of these factors varying among customer applications. The following are some of the companies we view as significant competitors in each of our business segments, with relevant brand names, when different from the company name, shown in parentheses. The marks below may be the registered or unregistered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

Home Comfort Solutions

•Heating & Cooling Products - Carrier Global Corporation (Carrier, Bryant, Payne, Tempstar, Comfortmaker, Heil, Arcoaire, KeepRite, Day & Night); Trane Technologies plc (Trane, American Standard, Ameristar, Oxbox, RunTru); Paloma Industries, Inc. (Rheem, Ruud, Weather King, Friedrich, Nortek); The Bosch Group (York, Luxaire, Coleman, Champion); Daikin Industries, Ltd. (Daikin, Goodman, Amana, GMC); and Madison Industries (Maytag, Westinghouse, Frigidaire, Tappan, Philco, Kelvinator, Gibson, Broan, NuTone).

Building Climate Solutions

•Heating & Cooling Products - Carrier Global Corporation (Carrier, ICP Commercial); Trane Technologies plc (Trane); Paloma Industries, Inc. (Rheem, Ruud); CSW Industrials, Inc.; Daikin Industries, Ltd. (Goodman, McQuay); and AAON, Inc.

•Refrigeration Products - Hussmann Corporation; Paloma Industries, Inc. (Rheem Manufacturing Company (Heat Transfer Products Group)); Emerson Electric Co. (Copeland); Carrier Global Corporation (Carrier); GEA Group (Kuba, Searle, Goedhart); Alfa Laval; Guntner GmbH; Kelvion - Profroid (Carrier); Panasonic Corp. (Sanyo); Technotrans; and Deltatherm.

Human Capital Management

Our success, in large part, relies on the character of our people. That character is reflected in our core values of integrity, respect and excellence. Our continued success depends on our ability to attract, motivate, develop and retain employees who embody our core values.

Management strives to maintain the right number of employees with the necessary skills to match the expected demand for the products and services we deliver. As of December 31, 2025, we employed approximately 12,900 people, primarily in the U.S. (approximately 8,500 employees) and Mexico (approximately 3,200 employees). Of these employees, approximately 5,400 were salaried and 7,500 were hourly. The number of hourly workers varies in order to match our labor needs during periods of fluctuating demand.

Approximately 3,400 of our employees, including international locations, are represented by unions. We believe we have good relationships with our employees and with the unions representing them. On November 1, 2021, our Marshalltown, Iowa-based union ratified a five-year labor agreement. We currently do not anticipate any material adverse consequences resulting from negotiations to renew other collective bargaining agreements.

The Compensation & Human Resources Committee of the Board of Directors is tasked with reviewing LII’s human capital management strategy and talent initiatives. The committee also reports to the full Board on these key employee matters.

To succeed in an ever-changing and competitive labor market, we have identified priorities we believe are critical to our success in attracting, motivating, developing, and retaining employees. These include, among other things: (1) providing competitive compensation and benefit programs, (2) providing career development programs, (3) promoting health and safety, and (4) championing an inclusive work environment. Information on our sustainability commitment is available on our website. The information on our website is not a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Compensation and Benefit Programs. We are committed to providing our employees with a competitive compensation package that rewards performance and achievement of desired business results. Our compensation package consists of three primary benefits: pay (base pay and incentive programs linked to our short-term and long-term business goals), health and welfare benefits, and retirement contributions. We analyze our compensation and benefits programs annually to remain competitive and make changes as necessary.

Career Development Programs. To help our employees succeed in their roles and grow their careers at Lennox, we provide numerous training and development programs. One example is our “Career Journey” program which provides employees with engaging tools and resources enabling them to reflect on skills and interests, maintain an individual development plan, and explore a variety of potential career paths. Career Journey allows employees to have more meaningful career development

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conversations with their manager. In addition to training and development programs, we regularly conduct succession planning reviews and have robust performance review and goal setting processes for all employees. We believe this helps employees meet expectations throughout the year while continuing development of their long-term careers at Lennox.

Employee Health and Safety. As part of our effort to attract and retain a competitive workforce, we are committed to ensuring that every employee returns home safe at the end of each day. Safety is our top priority and our safety programs are designed to identify and reduce risks across our operations.

Inclusion and Belonging. We are committed to an inclusive work environment built on a foundation of respect and value for people of different backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives. Our commitment to inclusion and belonging enables all employees to be creative, feel challenged, and thrive, which ultimately allows us to leverage the unique strengths of our employees to deliver innovative products and solutions for our customers.

Our senior leaders, together with our human resources team, are devoted to promoting the above priorities to remain an employer of choice. We regularly conduct anonymous surveys to seek feedback from our employees on a variety of subjects, including safety, communications, inclusion and belonging, management support to succeed within our company, and career growth.

Despite these efforts, we have experienced, and could continue to experience, higher employee turnover, particularly in our manufacturing and distribution locations. As a result, we have made and continue to make strong efforts to recruit qualified talent to the organization.

Environmental Regulation

Our operations are subject to evolving and often increasingly stringent international, federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the environment. Environmental laws and regulations affect or could affect our operations. We believe we are in substantial compliance with such existing environmental laws and regulations.

Energy Efficiency. The U.S. Department of Energy has numerous active energy conservation rulemakings that impact residential and commercial heating, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. We are actively involved in U.S. Department of Energy activities related to energy efficiency. In 2023, we successfully updated our lines of HVAC equipment to comply with the latest energy conservation standards from the U.S. Department of Energy. We are prepared to have compliant products in place in advance of the effective dates of all such regulations enacted by the U.S. Department of Energy.

Refrigerants. The use of hydroflurocarbons (“HFCs”) as refrigerants for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment is common practice in the HVACR industry and is regulated. We believe we have complied with applicable rules and regulations in various countries governing the use of HFCs. We are an active participant in the ongoing international and domestic dialogue on this subject and believe we are well positioned to react in a timely manner to changes in the regulatory landscape.

In 2020, in response to a global agreement to reduce greenhouse gasses, the bipartisan American Innovation and Manufacturing Act gave the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) authority to regulate HFCs and begin the phase down of refrigerants with a higher global warming potential (“GWP”). Transition to refrigerants with a GWP of 700 or less for most commercial and residential HVAC products became effective January 1, 2025.

Remediation Activity. In addition to affecting our ongoing operations, applicable environmental laws and regulations can impose obligations to remediate hazardous substances at our properties, at properties formerly owned or operated by us and at facilities to which we have sent or send waste for treatment or disposal. We are aware of contamination at some of our facilities; however, based on facts presently known, we do not believe that any future remediation costs at such facilities will be material to our results of operations. For more information, see Note 5 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In the past, we have received notices that we are a potentially responsible party along with other potentially responsible parties in Superfund proceedings under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act for cleanup of hazardous substances at certain sites to which the potentially responsible parties are alleged to have sent waste. Based on the facts presently known, we do not believe environmental cleanup costs associated with any Superfund sites about which we have received notice that we are a potentially responsible party will be material to our results of operations.

E-Waste and Related Compliance. Many countries around the world as well as many states in the U.S. have enacted directives, laws, and regulations directed at preventing electrical and electronic equipment waste by encouraging reuse and recycling as well as restricting the use of hazardous products in electrical and electronic equipment. All HVACR products and certain components of such products are potentially subject to these types of requirements. We are not uniquely affected as compared to other manufacturers. We actively monitor the development and evolution of such requirements and believe we are

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well positioned to comply with such directives in the required time frames.

Available Information

Our web site address is www.lennox.com. We make available, free of charge through our web site, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, including exhibits, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. The information on our web site is not a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including Lennox, that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Information about our Executive Officers

Our executive officers, their present positions and their ages are as follows as of February 3, 2026:

Alok Maskara joined Lennox International Inc. as Chief Executive Officer in May 2022. Most recently he served for five years as CEO of Luxfer Holdings PLC, an international industrial company focused on advanced materials. Mr. Maskara also served for nearly a decade as president of several global business units at Pentair PLC, a leading provider of water treatment and sustainable applications. Previously, he held various leadership positions at General Electric Corporation and McKinsey & Company. Mr. Maskara also serves on the board of Franklin Electric (Nasdaq: FELE) a company focused on global water and fluid solutions. Mr. Maskara graduated with a bachelor of technology degree in chemical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology in 1992 and a master’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of New Mexico in 1994. In 2000, he earned an MBA from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.

Michael Quenzer was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in January 2024. He joined Lennox in 2004 and has held key leadership roles including Vice President, Investor Relations and Financial Planning and Analysis and Vice President of Finance for the Lennox Building Climate Solutions (Commercial) business segment. Before joining Lennox, he worked at Morningstar Inc. He holds a bachelor’s degree in finance from Coastal Carolina University and an MBA and master’s degree in accounting from the University of Texas at Dallas.

Prakash Bedapudi was appointed Executive Vice President, Chief Technology Officer in July 2008. He had previously served as Vice President, Global Engineering and Program Management for Trane Inc. Commercial Systems from 2006 through 2008, and as Vice President, Engineering and Technology for Trane’s Residential Systems division from 2003 through 2006. Prior to his career at Trane, Mr. Bedapudi served in senior engineering leadership positions for GE Transportation Systems, a division of General Electric Company, and for Cummins Engine Company. He holds a bachelor of science in mechanical/automotive engineering from Karnataka University, India and a master’s of science in mechanical/aeronautical engineering from the University of Cincinnati.

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Monica M. Brown was appointed Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary in January 2025. Previously, she served as LII’s Vice President, Deputy General Counsel, and Assistant Secretary. During her tenure at Lennox, she has been responsible for a broad range of legal functions, including securities, corporate governance, real estate, and the refrigeration and residential businesses. Prior to starting at Lennox in 2012, she practiced commercial litigation at Jones Day, a multinational law firm, for almost 13 years. She received her bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Howard University and has a juris doctor from the University of Texas.

Chris A. Kosel was appointed Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller in May 2017. He had previously served as Vice President, Business Analysis and Planning for the Company since 2016. He also had served as Vice President, Finance and Controller and Director of Finance for the Company’s North America Commercial Business from 2015 to 2016 and Director, Financial Planning and Analysis for the Company’s Residential Business Unit from 2014 to 2015. Prior to 2014 he had served as Director, Finance for the Company’s Lennox Stores business and Director of the Company’s Financial Shared Services function. Prior to joining Lennox, he worked for Ernst & Young. He holds a bachelor’s degree in accounting from Texas A&M University. He is also a Certified Public Accountant.

Sarah R. Martin was appointed Executive Vice President & President of LII’s Home Comfort Solutions business segment in April 2025. Previously, she served 13 years in various roles at Honeywell International Inc., including as president of Honeywell Sensing & Safety Technologies and Honeywell Advanced Sensing Technologies. Prior to Honeywell, Martin held various commercial and operational leadership roles at CTS Corporation, a global electronics manufacturing service provider. She holds an MBA from the Edinburgh Business School at Heriot Watt University and her master’s of art in modern languages and business from Heriot Watt University.

Joe Nassab has been Executive Vice President & President of our Building Climate Solutions business since May 2022. He joined LII in 2010 as Vice President and General Manager of Allied Air. Before joining LII, Mr. Nassab worked for 20 years at General Electric Company in a variety of general management, product management, and marketing leadership roles. Mr. Nassab has a bachelor’s degree in finance from the University of Michigan.

Daniel M. Sessa was appointed Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer in June 2007. He had previously served in numerous senior human resources and legal leadership positions for United Technologies Corporation since 1996, including Vice President, Human Resources for Otis Elevator Company - Americas from 2005 to 2007, Director, Employee Benefits and Human Resources Systems for United Technologies Corporation from 2004 to 2005, and Director, Human Resources for Pratt & Whitney from 2002 to 2004. He holds a bachelor of arts in law and society from the State University of New York at Binghamton and a juris doctor from the Hofstra University School of Law.