Keysight Technologies, Inc. (KEYS) Business

Item 1.  Business

Overview

Keysight Technologies, Inc. (“we,” “us,” “our,” “Keysight” or “the company”), incorporated in Delaware on December 6, 2013, is a global innovator in the computing, communications and electronics markets, committed to advancing our customers’ business success by helping them solve critical challenges in the development and commercialization of their products and services. Our mission, “accelerating innovation to connect and secure the world,” speaks to the value we provide our customers in a world of ever-increasing technological complexity. We deliver this value through a broad range of design and test solutions that enable our customers to bring their innovations to market on ever-shorter schedules.

Keysight’s portfolio of hardware, software, and services enables our customers’ workflows as they design, validate, manufacture, deploy, and optimize their products and solutions. Our revenue is derived primarily from solutions addressing research and development (“R&D”) applications, and to a lesser degree, applications in manufacturing and operations. The accelerating pace of technological innovation and engineering intensity are long-term secular drivers of demand for Keysight’s solutions and services. We serve a global set of customers in over 100 countries across a wide range of industry segments, including communications, aerospace, defense, and government, automotive, energy, industrial, general electronics, and semiconductor.

We generated $5.4 billion, $5.0 billion, and $5.5 billion of revenue in 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Revenue, income from operations, and assets by business segment as of and for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, are provided in Note 16, “Segment Information,” to our consolidated financial statements.

Keysight Leadership Model

We trace our heritage back over 80 years to the beginning of Silicon Valley. The fundamental elements of our culture are represented in our Keysight Leadership Model (“KLM”), which provides a framework for sustained value creation for customers, shareholders, and employees. The KLM centers on delivering customer success via a continuous activity system and core values that guide and drive our actions as a company and as individuals. The activities are summarized as an ongoing cycle

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of market insight that drives capital allocation and yields timely solutions that are optimized via operational excellence. More information on the KLM can be found at https://about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/leadership.shtml.

Competitive Advantages

Keysight conducts business globally with approximately 40,000 end customers each year, including many Fortune 1000 companies that are developing new electronic technologies, networks, systems, devices, and components. The following advantages enable us to deliver on our commitment of sustained value creation for our stakeholders.

Deep, long-term, global customer relationships

Keysight’s history of collaborative innovation is demonstrated by our engagement with leading companies across the diverse markets that we address. Our customers trust Keysight to deliver the technological expertise, leading-edge capabilities, and broad solutions portfolio that they need to achieve their product development goals. Keysight employs a comprehensive global direct sales channel with experienced management and highly technical sales and application engineers, including a strong local presence in both developed and emerging markets. These sales personnel are supported by close collaboration with the engineering teams who create the solutions used by our customers so that problems can be addressed efficiently, and solutions enhanced quickly, to enable customer success.

Our legacy of over 80 years of contribution in measurement science and the resulting breadth of our products and solutions yields a large, global installed base. This base of customers complements our large and growing services portfolio, and offers additional sales opportunities as requirements evolve and customers upgrade their solutions over time.

Unique technology expertise and capabilities

Keysight is a technology-driven company, investing in R&D to align our business with available markets and position the company for growth. As our customers’ trusted test and measurement partner, we innovate at the leading edge of the technologies they deploy in their electronic systems under development. We employ a combination of strategies to lead in this area, including engagement with top standards bodies and industry consortia and close collaboration with top research programs in universities and industry. Our central R&D team, Keysight Labs, focuses on developing breakthrough hardware and software technologies that are deployed in application-specific contexts by our business engineering teams. We develop and incorporate proprietary semiconductor and packaging technologies to deliver differentiated performance within our industry.

Differentiated, first-to-market solutions portfolio

Keysight’s industry-focused organizational structure emphasizes our engagement with leading customers across our end markets. We use insights gained from these relationships, together with our technology expertise, to identify market opportunities and seek to maximize the lifecycle value, beginning in R&D. Our development teams leverage the broad array of Keysight hardware, software, and services, adding new capability as necessary, to create market-leading solutions. Providing leading-edge, application-focused solutions for our customers in sync with their project schedules is key to our differentiation and value delivery and facilitates the continuous advancement of electronics technology. With a software- and customer-centric focus, we continue to make strategic investments to expand the R&D component of our revenue mix and grow the software and services content of our business, which has the added benefit of increasing recurring revenue.

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Durable and resilient business model

Our operating model incorporates cost structure flexibility that has allowed Keysight to deliver profitability across a range of economic and market conditions. We employ variable pay mechanisms across our entire employee population and complement this with the strategic use of contingent staffing. We have a diversified go-to-market approach with indirect sales partners and electronic commerce to complement our direct sales force. This approach provides flexibility with the added benefit of expanding our reach and providing more efficient and effective transactional purchase capability. We use a centralized order fulfillment organization that supplies solutions to customers worldwide, allowing us to leverage the scale of our business to provide high-quality products while maintaining competitive margins. We complement our in-house capabilities with an extensive network of suppliers and subcontractors, which allows us to adapt to changing market conditions. The durability and resilience of our business model has provided strategic flexibility and enabled the company to continue to allocate capital and invest in growth through different market environments.

Innovative culture

Keysight's culture is built on the operating principles and values embodied in the KLM, with innovation as a key source of our strength. Our employees around the world embrace these principles and deliver industry-leading capabilities across a range of fields that are not only technical in nature but encompass a wide range of contributions to our business, customers, and shareholders. Keysight continues to be recognized as an employer of choice. We strive to enable employee growth in a diverse, inclusive, and respectful work environment that offers challenging assignments, development opportunities, competitive compensation, and a safe workplace. This environment supports our employees to achieve their full potential and enables collaboration that helps us innovate at the speed of our customers.

Strategic Priorities

Keysight’s business strategy is exemplified in four key objectives:

Invest to deliver differentiated, first-to-market solutions

This priority is central to our value contribution for our customers in their world of increasing technology complexity and decreasing time-to-market. In 2025, we invested $1,007 million in R&D. We employ vertical technology integration that leverages investments in core hardware technology, such as advanced semiconductor capability provided by our in-house fab, custom packaging from our technology centers, and other unique competencies. We integrate these hardware technologies with core software functionality enabled by our software engineering teams (representing the majority of our R&D staff). We also incorporate services to deliver differentiated solutions that meet the needs of the market. Deep relationships with market-defining customers provide detailed understanding of their needs and schedules. This enables us to work at our customers’ pace to deliver solutions that enable their development cycles with first-to-market timing.

Capture opportunities in our served addressable market and expand in attractive adjacencies

Building on our industry-leading position, we are investing to capitalize on emerging technologies, expanding our portfolio of solutions and engaging earlier in our customers’ design and innovation life cycles. This is an important aspect of our capital allocation strategy to deliver sustainable and profitable growth. We continue to work on multiple vectors for growth as we expand Keysight’s contributions across the technology stack, building on our core strength in physical layer and adding new protocol layer and system emulation capabilities, as well as new application layer solutions that address opportunities in design and data management. In October 2025, we acquired Spirent Communications plc (“Spirent”), complementing our position in communications test with additional differentiated solutions and deep customer relationships. Additionally, in October 2025, we completed the acquisition of the Optical Solutions Group (“OSG”) business from Synopsys, Inc. (“Synopsys”) and the PowerArtist RTL business (“PowerArtist”) from Ansys, Inc. (“Ansys”) to complement and expand our existing design engineering software portfolio and computer-aided engineering capabilities. In 2024, we acquired ESI Group SA (“ESI Group”), broadening our software offerings with the addition of computer-aided engineering solutions. In addition, we enhanced our security offerings with the acquisition of Riscure Holding B.V., providing testing solutions and software for semiconductor, embedded systems, and Internet of Things (“IoT”) devices, and extended our range of radio frequency (“RF”) and microwave (“uW”) instruments with the acquisition of AnaPico AG.

Grow recurring revenue

This component of our strategy benefits from the increasing software content in our solutions and emphasizes delivering continuous value to our customers throughout the solution lifecycle by delivering software enhancements. We have a dedicated global enterprise software sales force to drive this priority and maximize cross-selling opportunities across our markets.

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Additionally, we leverage our broad services portfolio to provide unique and high-value services to extend the value of our solutions.

Strategic deployment of capital

Keysight strives to be a good steward of capital. We leverage our strong portfolio, flexible operating model, and solid financial position to maintain a disciplined approach to capital allocation, balancing investment for organic growth, mergers and acquisitions, and return of capital to shareholders.

Broad Portfolio of Design and Test Solutions

Keysight delivers a portfolio of products and solutions that enable our customers to efficiently develop, deploy, and optimize their product offerings. The main components of our portfolio are hardware, software, and services that are delivered on a standalone basis or combined into application-specific solutions. We leverage the breadth of our portfolio to deliver application-specific solutions through a software-centric approach. These solutions integrate hardware, software, and services to address high-value applications and meet industry-specific requirements. This approach allows Keysight to deliver differentiated value to our customers, built from a foundation of industry-leading products and services that can be configured to meet their needs.

Hardware products include a broad range of platforms delivering precise measurement and control of numerous electrical and information properties in signals. These products consist of modular and integrated instruments in a variety of form factors. Some of the major product categories are:

•Spectrum and Signal Analyzers – a line of products providing detailed analysis of complex communications and radar signals across a wide range of frequencies, including radio frequency, microwave, and optical.

•Network Analyzers – an array of products providing detailed characterization of the behavior of electronic components and subsystems when stimulated by a range of input signals.

•Power Analyzers – a range of products to accurately measure voltage, current, and power characteristics of an electronic device or system under a range of operating conditions.

•Protocol Analyzers – a range of products allowing the debug, validation, and optimization of electronic systems employing various protocols for data transmission, usually defined by widely adopted standards, such as PCI Express (“PCIe”) or Universal Serial Bus (“USB”), as well as others.

•Oscilloscopes – a range of products offering precise visualization, debug, and characterization of time domain signals across a wide range of operating conditions.

•Digital Multimeters – a range of products in a variety of form factors delivering accurate and reliable measurement of basic electrical parameters.

•Signal Generators (Signal Sources) – a range of products offering flexibility and precise control of the generation of a broad variety of signals used to provide stimulus to electronic devices and systems under test.

•Power Supplies – a range of products used to provide precise control of power delivery to electrical and electronic systems under test.

•Network Test Products – a range of systems to debug, validate, and characterize communication networks and network components across a range of operating conditions and measurement types.

•Network Visibility Products – a portfolio of products and solutions delivering rich data insight about network traffic, applications, and users across any networking environment to ensure they remain connected and secure.

This summary is only a subset of Keysight’s industry-leading array of hardware product offerings. More details can be found on our website using the link at the end of this section.

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Software represents a crucial component of our strategy to deliver differentiated, first-to-market solutions to our customers. Our open and scalable software platform accelerates our ability to deliver application-specific measurement solutions that integrate our instruments into connected workflows with automation, data management, and analytics. Keysight’s software products are characterized in the following three categories:

•Instrument software applications are designed to maximize the value that our customers derive from our instruments, providing faster insight and analytics by integrating the instrument’s hardware and software into an application-focused solution. This approach typically builds on the basic software used to operate our instruments by adding software applications to deliver measurements tailored to a specific application. For example, customers may purchase a signal analyzer equipped with a software application to analyze specific signals such as those used in satellite communications.

•Software application solutions unify multiple instruments into an application-specific measurement solution, providing faster time to insight across industry-specific applications, technologies, and lifecycle phases. An example of this is software that enables a signal generator and signal analyzer to be used as a stimulus-response tester for performance characterization of a communications component or device.

•Our standalone software solutions enable customers to address their design, simulation, emulation, test automation, and quality assurance needs in the R&D lab and beyond. These solutions enable our customers to efficiently develop robust product designs and translate them into physical products. Solutions include physics-based virtual prototyping and computer-aided engineering (“CAE”), as well as process and data management.

We have used AI capability, such as machine learning and neural network models, across many Keysight solutions to enhance our value to customers. The rapidly evolving AI ecosystem presents opportunities to enhance productivity for our customers as well as our own internal operations.

Services provided by Keysight Global Services enable and enhance our customers’ success with their Keysight products and solutions. Our global scale is complemented by localized presence with trained engineers and technicians delivering our services via regional support centers located near customers or on-site teams. This approach increases the efficiency and uniformity of our services offerings and allows for close collaboration with our engineering and go-to-market teams. Our services offerings are summarized as follows:

•Product support services deliver comprehensive support that includes parts, repair, and accredited calibrations of Keysight products and solutions.

•Technical and application support for hardware, software, and solutions, known as KeysightCare, allows customers to maximize their productivity and the utility of our products and solutions in their application environment.

•Professional services, including installation, training, and engineering services, optimize equipment and solution adoption, utilization, and integration into customers’ unique environments.

More information on our broad portfolio of products and services can be found at https://www.keysight.com/us/en/products.html.

Operating Segments

Keysight has two reportable operating segments, the Communications Solutions Group (“CSG”) and the Electronic Industrial Solutions Group (“EISG”).

Communications Solutions Group

CSG serves customers spanning the global commercial communications and aerospace, defense, and government end markets. The group’s solutions consist of electronic design and test software, instrumentation, systems, and related services. These solutions are used in the design, simulation, validation, manufacturing, installation, and optimization of communication systems in wireless, wireline (data center ecosystem), enterprise, and aerospace, defense, and government end markets. Our recent acquisition of Spirent adds wireless network test and assurance and positioning technology solutions to our portfolio, complementing our design, validation, and performance offerings to deliver end-to-end solutions to our customers.

Commercial Communications

The market for Keysight’s commercial communications solutions spans the communications ecosystem from design through operations and across the industry’s broad spectrum of components, devices, equipment, and services. Our solutions

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address the communications lifecycle in both wireless and wireline domains, from design and simulation, validation, and characterization, through manufacturing, deployment, and optimization, including cybersecurity testing and certification.

Keysight’s commercial communications customers develop and deploy communications products and services and operate communications networks around the world. Our customers represent a diverse group of suppliers across the global industry value chain and include original equipment and contract manufacturers supplying wireless and wireline semiconductors, chipsets, modules, and devices. Our customers also include network equipment manufacturers (“NEMs”) as well as those operating communications and computing networks, including enterprises, communications network service providers, and cloud computing service providers.

These customers require design, simulation, and measurement tools to validate the correct functional operation, conformance to standards, and parametric performance of their products and systems under development. Our customer needs span the wide range of technologies employed in modern wired and wireless communications system designs such as 5G, 6G, commercial satellite, 800Gb/sec ethernet, 1.6Tb/sec ethernet, and many others. These needs have also evolved rapidly given the continuous advancement of digital, communications, and computing standards. Keysight is enabling rapid advances in AI through solutions to increase the efficiency of AI compute clusters and to accelerate the deployment of new interconnect technologies that deliver greater speed and capacity in AI data center infrastructure. Keysight’s broad portfolio of products and solutions serve our customers’ many specific applications, accelerating the development, validation, quality manufacturing and deployment of their products and services, as well as aiding in their secure and efficient operation, service, and repair.

Aerospace, Defense, and Government

The market for Keysight’s aerospace, defense, and government solutions consists of applications addressing secure and highly reliable communications, space and satellite equipment development and operations, and government research across a wide spectrum of electronics technologies used in aerospace and defense. General applications include electromagnetic spectrum operations (e.g., communications, radar, signal intelligence), cybersecurity, and others, often incorporating ruggedized and high-reliability designs for military equipment. Research applications are wide-ranging and include areas such as quantum communications and computing, cyber-physical control systems, energy as well as materials science research.

Our aerospace, defense, and government customers are research agencies and manufacturers serving the aerospace and defense industries, including commercial and government customers and their contracted suppliers. Commercial suppliers include aerospace, defense, and satellite equipment prime contractors, subcontractors, and related component suppliers. Government customers include a range of government agencies, such as departments and ministries of defense, security agencies, and related government research entities. Our customers need to accelerate the modernization of their defense systems to realize the benefits of the continuous evolution in electronic systems. They strive to embrace new space, energy, and communications advances, and ensure secure supply chains. These customers require design, simulation, and measurement tools to accelerate their efforts to ensure the proper operation and performance of the devices and systems they are developing, deploying, and operating. They use Keysight’s products and solutions to explore design alternatives, validate their component and system designs and prototypes, ensure quality manufacturing, and operate, service, and repair their systems in the field.

Electronic Industrial Solutions Group

EISG serves customers across a diverse set of end markets focused on automotive and energy, semiconductor solutions, and general electronics. The group's solutions consist of electronic design, test and simulation software, instrumentation, systems, computer-aided engineering solutions and related services. These solutions are used in the design, simulation, validation, manufacturing, installation, and optimization of electronic equipment.

Automotive and Energy

The market for Keysight’s automotive and energy solutions consists of design and measurement applications addressing the major transformational trends in these industries. These applications include the growth of electric and autonomous vehicles, the evolution of energy systems to incorporate alternative forms of generation and advanced control, and the many new subsystem and component technologies under development to enable and advance these trends.

Our automotive and energy customers include automotive original equipment manufacturers and Tier 1 and 2 suppliers, along with the component and subsystem suppliers that support them. Our customers also include the suppliers of alternative energy systems for green energy generation, storage, and control, as well as suppliers of enabling electronics technology such as high-power semiconductors and control systems.

Our customers are innovating in energy management and advanced cyber-physical control systems that are the building blocks of these complex and transformative systems. These customers, many of whom are pioneering new standards and

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capabilities involving the application of advanced communications, computing, and applied materials research, require advanced design, simulation, and measurement capability to fully explore these new application areas and enable the development of their products and services. They rely on Keysight’s software-centric solutions to analyze and validate their concepts and products, thereby increasing their productivity and ultimately speeding the arrival of their products to market.

Semiconductor

The market for Keysight’s semiconductor solutions consists of design and measurement applications to enable continued innovation in leading-edge semiconductors to address the demand for smaller, more power efficient, and highly integrated chips and chipsets. This innovation requires new approaches to design and measurement to enable realization of the design in the fab along with efficient testing at scale to preserve and enhance yield.

Our semiconductor customers are primarily design and production teams in semiconductor and semiconductor capital equipment companies who are looking to differentiate their offerings by implementing innovative new silicon architectures and continuing to advance the state of the art in device capability. Such innovations are the foundation of advances in electronics that are powering many new technologies in today’s high-tech world. These teams require close collaboration with their design and measurement solutions suppliers to continue to advance their capability in this challenging environment of ever-advancing complexity and scale. Keysight is a trusted supplier to the leaders in the semiconductor ecosystem as they engage with our solutions to enable their next-generation offerings.

General Electronics

The market for Keysight’s general electronics solutions spans a broad set of design and measurement applications that enable electronics designers and manufacturers across a wide range of industrial and academic settings. These applications represent basic and advanced design, simulation, and measurement capability that support the electronics industry and is driven by digital transformation and the growth of connected devices (IoT), including consumer electronics, digital health applications, smart manufacturing, and the growth of digital classroom learning.

Our general electronics customers include design teams in leading and emerging companies, universities, and research organizations that are innovating to bring higher levels of connectivity, utility, and automation, along with new business models, to their customers. In many cases they are embracing new communications technology and working to incorporate the latest electronics to enable longer battery life, higher performance, or other differentiators for their systems. Keysight's design and measurement solutions accelerate our customers’ development and productization processes.

The following discussions include information common to each of our businesses.

Competition

Keysight operates in a highly competitive and rapidly changing global marketplace. We believe that our technology leadership serves as a competitive differentiator. The proprietary software and hardware technologies developed by our R&D technology centers around the world enable many Keysight products to deliver capability to address our customers’ engineering requirements. We compete with a variety of organizations that offer similar services and solutions, but none of our competitors offer the equivalent range of product and services at the scale we do or serve all the same markets in the aggregate or by segment. Our competitors include companies or divisions of companies with substantial sales, marketing, research, and financial capabilities, as well as well-established regional competitors who are more specialized than we are in particular markets. We also face increased competition in a number of our served markets as a result of the entry of new competitors or consolidation among industries or customers. For a discussion of risks related to competition, please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Research and Development

We are committed to investing in R&D and have focused our development efforts on strategic opportunities that align our business with available markets and position the company for growth. Our R&D investments focus on the development of first-to-market solutions with differentiated software and hardware, as well as improvements to existing software and hardware products to provide complete customer solutions addressing the evolving requirements of industries that we serve. We conduct R&D in four principal areas: enabling technologies, system design, simulation, and measurement, with the aim of building a strong foundation for next-generation and longer-term solutions. Our most significant technology development centers are in the United States (California, Colorado, and Texas), Singapore, India, Germany, Malaysia, Romania, China, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and France. We anticipate that we will continue to maintain R&D expenditures to deliver a continuous flow of innovative, high-quality customer solutions, products, and services.

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Sales

Our direct sales force focuses on addressing the needs of our global and regional customers by selling Keysight products, systems, solutions, software, and services. Keysight’s direct sales force consists of sales and solution engineers who have in‑depth knowledge of the customers’ business and technology needs. Our direct sellers concentrate on providing more complex, end-to-end solutions where customers require strategic consultation. Our solution engineers bring deep solution and application expertise to provide a combination of consulting, systems integration, and software engineering services that span all stages of the sale, deployment, and support of our complex systems and solutions. We also have a global software subscription and renewals channel, selling our standalone enterprise software solutions including computer-aided engineering and design workflow solutions. Our direct sales organizations serve customers globally across the commercial communications, aerospace, defense, and government, automotive and energy, semiconductor, and general electronics markets. More than 80 percent of our business comes from customer interactions with our direct sales organization.

To complement our direct sales force, we have over 800 agreements with channel partners around the world. These channel partners include distributors, resellers, and manufacturer’s representatives. They serve thousands of customers across a wide range of end-user markets. They are expected to provide the same level of service and support as our direct sales force for the products they sell and generate new sales opportunities to extend our reach. In addition, we work with a number of strategic solution partners who add value to our products and solutions for certain verticals like network application and test. Electronic commerce and telesales channels are also in place for transactional, lower-touch sales.

Marketing

Our marketing organization builds the company brand and drives growth through programs that increase awareness, demand, and engagement for Keysight’s design, simulation, emulation, and test solutions. We employ a multi-pronged marketing strategy to enhance brand equity, as well as proving our presence and thought leadership in existing and emerging markets, resulting in one powerful brand voice for Keysight. We fuel growth initiatives through online digital transformation, high-value content, new product launches, and sophisticated digital and physical demand generation programs tailored to local markets to attract new accounts and deepen relationships with existing customers. We continuously evolve our marketing practices and technology stack to leverage AI for innovation and productivity while supporting a data-driven approach to our sales and marketing initiatives. Our continued evolution includes a focus on intent-based marketing as we continue to adjust to how our prospects prefer to discover, learn, and buy.

Manufacturing and Materials

We utilize a combination of in-house manufacturing and qualified contract manufacturers to optimize productivity, manage costs, and maintain flexibility in responding to changing market conditions. Our in-house manufacturing is focused on the highest value-added, most complex, and technically differentiated elements of production, while contract manufacturers primarily support assembly and printed circuit board fabrication. In addition to our centralized manufacturing hub in Penang, Malaysia, our largest facility, responsible for final assembly, tuning, calibration, and test of many of our advanced instruments, we maintain significant manufacturing operations in the United States, including facilities in California and Colorado. These U.S. operations are responsible for our leading edge, proprietary technology platforms. Specifically, we operate five specialized technology centers across Santa Rosa, California; Colorado Springs, Colorado; and Boeblingen, Germany. These technology centers develop, and manufacture differentiated components and subsystems, including microwave monolithic integrated circuits, thick- and thin-film circuits, optical components, high-speed probes, precision-machined mechanical parts, and advanced multi-chip and system-in-package modules. These capabilities provide a competitive advantage by delivering performance levels not commercially available and are critical to the broad range of markets we serve. We plan our supply chain based on forecasts and typically manufacture and configure finished products upon receipt of firm customer orders.

Our manufacturing operations employ a wide variety of semiconductors, electromechanical components and assemblies, and raw materials, such as plastic resins and sheet metal. We purchase materials from various suppliers globally. Some of the parts that require custom design work are not readily available from alternate suppliers due to their unique design or the length of time necessary for design work. Our long-term relationships with suppliers allow us to proactively manage technology road maps and product discontinuance plans and monitor their financial health. To address the potential disruption in, and other risks related to, our supply chain, we use a number of techniques, including qualifying multiple sources of supply and redesign of solutions for alternative components. In addition, while we generally attempt to keep our inventory at optimal levels, we do purchase incremental inventory as circumstances warrant to protect the supply chain.

For a further discussion of risks related to the manufacturing and materials and components required for our operations, please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

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Human Capital

At Keysight, we foster a collaborative, high performance, diverse, and inclusive workplace where employees are empowered through meaningful work, continuous development, and a culture of innovation. We offer competitive compensation, a safe and respectful work environment, and opportunities to grow professionally and personally.

We believe our culture, rooted in technology leadership, innovation, inclusion, and engagement, is a strategic advantage that drives our success. As of October 31, 2025, Keysight employed approximately 16,800 people worldwide. Of these, 5,800 were based in the Americas (including 5,500 in the United States), 3,600 in Europe, and 7,400 in the Asia Pacific region.

Our core values and culture reflect our commitment to ethical business practices and responsible corporate citizenship. The Keysight Standards of Business Conduct (“SBC”) guide our interactions with customers, suppliers, competitors, and each other. These standards are publicly available on our website and serve as the foundation of our integrity-driven approach to business.

Oversight and Governance

The Chief People Officer (“CPO”) is responsible for developing and integrating goals and metrics associated with the company’s broader human capital management strategy. The Chief Executive Officer and CPO regularly update our board of directors and the Compensation and Human Capital Committee on human capital matters. We provide multiple avenues for employee input. Our “Open-Door Policy” provides employees with direct access to any level of management to discuss ideas, get input on career development, and discuss concerns in a constructive manner.

Hiring, Retention, and Succession Planning

At Keysight, our talent acquisition and Human Resources teams partner closely with business leaders to align workforce strategies with our long-term business objectives. This collaboration ensures we attract and retain the talent needed to drive innovation and deliver customer success.

Once onboard, employees are supported through a range of development opportunities, including leadership education, mentoring programs, and employee network groups. We conduct annual succession planning throughout the organization, including executive leadership, to ensure a strong pipeline of future leaders.

As a global company, we recognize the importance of preserving institutional knowledge, especially as many of our experienced employees become eligible for retirement. To address this, we have implemented structured knowledge transfer programs designed to retain critical expertise and maintain business continuity. As of October 31, 2025, the average tenure of our employees is 12.4 years. Our three-year average employee turnover rate was approximately 6.2 percent.

Employee Engagement

We are committed to maintaining a work environment that supports the needs of all employees. The value we place on culture helps us attract and retain the best talent and drive high performance through innovation and collaboration. In an effort to enable employees to be successful, we provide mentoring programs, all-encompassing benefits, access to employee network groups, and training for every stage of employment.

Learning and Development

We believe that learning is a lifelong pursuit that creates a mindset of professional growth and continuous improvement. We prioritize on-the-job learning through stretch assignments, development opportunities, and educational resources. Our employees have access to a wide range of programs, workshops, classes, and resources to help them excel in their careers.

Compensation and Benefits

We seek to achieve competitive and equitable pay across our organization globally. We conduct annual pay equity analyses, adjusting for role, experience, location, and performance to ensure fairness.

Health, Safety, and Wellness

We strive to maintain a best-in-class work environment and provide a safe and healthy workplace for all employees. We accomplish this through strict compliance with applicable laws and regulations regarding workplace safety. We promote the health and wellness of our employees through our employee well-being programs, our employee and family assistance program focused on mental health awareness, and workplace accessibility and accommodations.

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Backlog

Backlog represents the amount of revenue expected from orders that have already been booked, including orders for goods and services that have not been delivered to customers, orders invoiced but not yet recognized as revenue (booked as deferred revenue), and orders for goods that were shipped but not yet recognized, awaiting acceptance by customers and/or completion of a commitment to a customer. As of October 31, 2025, our backlog was approximately $2,697 million compared to approximately $2,375 million as of October 31, 2024. The increase in year-over-year backlog is driven by incremental backlog generated from acquisitions, mainly Spirent, as well as orders in excess of revenue. In accordance with our order acceptance policy, we continue to expect the majority of backlog to be recognized as revenue within six months. While backlog on any particular date can be an indicator of short-term revenue performance, it is not necessarily a reliable indicator of medium or long-term revenue performance.

Intellectual Property

We generate patent and other intellectual property rights covering significant inventions and other innovations in order to create a competitive advantage. Although we believe that our licenses, patents, and other intellectual property rights have value, in general no single license, patent, or other intellectual property right is in itself material, other than the Keysight mark.

Government Regulations

Our company is subject to various federal, state, local, and international laws and regulations relating to the development, manufacture, sale, and distribution of our products and solutions, and it is our policy to comply with the laws in every jurisdiction in which we conduct business. Regulations include, but are not limited to, those related to environment, corruption, bribery, import and export controls, competition, product safety, workplace health and safety, employment, labor, and data privacy. The following describes certain significant regulations that may impact our business. For additional information about the risks related to government regulations, please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Environmental Regulations

Our R&D, manufacturing, and distribution operations involve the use of hazardous substances and are regulated under international, federal, state, and local laws governing health and safety, and the environment. We apply strict standards for protection of the environment and occupational health and safety to sites inside and outside the United States, even if not subject to regulation imposed by foreign governments. We believe that our properties and operations at our facilities comply in all material respects with applicable environmental and occupational health and safety laws. However, the risk of environmental liabilities cannot be completely eliminated, and there can be no assurance that the application of environmental and health and safety laws will not require us to incur significant expenditures. We are also regulated under a number of international, federal, state, and local laws regarding recycling, product packaging, and product content requirements. The environmental, product content/disposal, and recycling laws are gradually becoming more stringent and may cause us to incur additional costs in the future.

Some of our properties have been the subject of ongoing remediation by HP Inc. (“HP”) for subsurface contamination that was known at the time of Agilent’s separation from HP in 1999. In connection with Agilent’s separation from HP, HP and Agilent entered into an agreement pursuant to which HP agreed to retain the liability for this subsurface contamination, perform the required remediation, and indemnify Agilent with respect to claims arising out of that contamination. Agilent has assigned its rights and obligations under this agreement to Keysight in respect to facilities transferred to Keysight in our separation from Agilent on November 1, 2014 (the “Separation”). As a result, HP has access to a limited number of our properties to perform remediation. Although HP agreed to minimize interference with on-site operations at such properties, remediation activities and subsurface contamination may require us to incur unreimbursed costs and could harm on-site operations and the future use and value of the properties. In connection with the Separation, Agilent will indemnify us directly for any liabilities related thereto. We cannot be sure that HP will continue to fulfill its remediation obligations or that Agilent will continue to fulfill its indemnification obligations. On December 17, 2021, Keysight and HP signed a restrictive covenant related to our Santa Rosa facility that prohibits certain uses of the property (such as running a daycare facility, hospital, or school) and terminates HP’s remediation obligation related to that facility. HP’s remediation obligations relating to Keysight’s Colorado Springs facility are ongoing.

We maintain a comprehensive environmental site liability insurance policy that may cover certain clean-up costs or legal claims related to environmental contamination. This policy covers specified active, inactive, and divested locations.

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Import/Export Regulations

We sell products and solutions to customers all over the world and are required to comply with the U.S Export Administration Regulations and economic and trade sanctions programs that limit or ban sales into certain countries. Countries outside of the U.S. have implemented similar controls and sanction regulations. Together these controls and regulations may impose licensing requirements on exports of certain technology and software from the U.S. and may impact our ability to transact business in certain countries or with certain customers. We have developed compliance programs and training to prevent violations of these programs and regulations, and we regularly monitor changes in the law and regulations.

In February 2022, the U.S. imposed economic sanctions and other restrictions on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine. As a result, after an initial suspension of operations in Russia, we permanently discontinued our Russian operations and are exiting Russia.

Changes in these or other import or export laws and regulations may restrict or further restrict our ability to sell certain products and solutions and may require us to develop additional compliance programs and training.

Anti-Corruption Regulations

As a result of our extensive international operations, we must comply with complex foreign and U.S. laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials, and anti-competition regulations. We have compliance policies, programs, and training to prevent non-compliance with such anti-corruption regulations in the U.S. and outside of the U.S. We monitor pending and proposed legislation and regulatory changes that may impact our business and develop strategies to address the changes and incorporate them into existing compliance programs.

Data Privacy Regulations

With extensive operations all over the world, we must comply with complex regulations governing data privacy, including the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) in the European Union and data privacy regulations in other jurisdictions. These regulations require careful handling of internal data. We have internal data handling policies and practices to comply with global data privacy requirements, including GDPR and similar regulations, and devote resources to keep up with changing data privacy regulations. The risk of data privacy breaches cannot be entirely eliminated, creating risk of fines and penalties. Additionally, new laws, amendments, or interpretations of regulations, industry standards, and contractual obligations relating to data privacy may require us to incur additional costs related to compliance and may restrict our business operations.

Health and Safety Regulations

We are subject to and comply with health and safety laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which we operate. These regulations may differ by country, requiring us to keep track of varied and complex requirements. In the U.S. we are subject to federal and state Occupational Health and Safety laws as well as federal, state, and local requirements.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The following is information regarding our executive officers as of December 1, 2025.

Satish Dhanasekaran, 53, has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Keysight since May 2022. He served as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from October 2020 to May 2022. He was Senior Vice President and President of the Communications Solutions Group from July 2017 to October 2020. From May 2016 to July 2017, Mr. Dhanasekaran served as Keysight’s Vice President and General Manager, Wireless Devices and Operators Business Unit. From June 2015 to May 2016, Mr. Dhanasekaran served as the General Manager of the Mobile Broadband Operation, and from November 2014 through June 2015, he led the marketing function for the Signal Analysis and Signal Sources Division.

Neil Dougherty, 56, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since May 2022 and as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Keysight from December 2013 to May 2022. From 2012 to December 2013, Mr. Dougherty served as Vice President and Treasurer of Agilent. He served as Senior Director in Agilent’s Corporate Development Group from 2010 to 2012, and from 2006 to 2010, he served as Agilent’s Assistant Treasurer.

Ingrid Estrada, 61, has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Supply Chain and Operations Officer since May 2025 and prior to assuming that role, served as Chief People and Administrative Officer and Chief of Staff from August 2017 to May 2025. Previously, she served as Keysight’s Senior Vice President, Human Resources from December 2013 to August 2017. From 2011 to December 2013, she served as Vice President and General Manager of Global Sourcing of Agilent.

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Jo Ann (Jodi) Juskie, 64, has served as Senior Vice President, Chief People Officer since May 2025. From August 2019 to May 2025, Ms. Juskie served as Vice President, Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary. Since joining HP in 1994, Ms. Juskie has served in various roles within the Legal Department, including Managing Counsel for Keysight and Agilent from 2009 to 2019.

Jason A. Kary, 57, has served as Senior Vice President and President of the Electronic Industrial Solution Group since November 2024. He served as Vice President, Treasurer and Investor Relations of Keysight from December 2013 to November 2024. From March 2012 to December 2013, Mr. Kary served as Vice President of Finance and Group Chief Financial Officer, Life Sciences Group for Agilent Technologies, Inc. and from March 2010 to February 2012 as Vice President of Finance, Global Infrastructure and Enterprise Financial Planning and Analysis.

Jeffrey Li, 56, has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary since July 2019. From December 2013 to July 2019, Mr. Li served as Vice President, Assistant General Counsel, and Assistant Secretary of Keysight, and as Senior Counsel of Agilent from 2011 to December 2013.

Kailash Narayanan, 52, has served as Senior Vice President and President of the Communications Solutions Group since November 2021. From November 2020 until November 2021, Mr. Narayanan served as President of the Commercial Communications business. He served as Vice President and General Manager, Wireless Test Business Unit, from September 2017 to November 2020, and was Vice President and General Manager, Wireless Devices from May 2016 to September 2017. From November 2014 to May 2016, Mr. Narayanan served as R&D Senior Manager of Mobile Broadband Operation.

John Page, 61, has served as Senior Vice President and President of Global Services since November 2015 and served as Vice President of Business Finance of Keysight from February 2014 to November 2015. Prior to joining Keysight, Mr. Page served as the Chief Financial Officer of Nanosys, Inc. from 2010 to 2014.

Lisa Poole, 60, has served as Vice President, Corporate Controller and Principal Accounting Officer of Keysight since August 2023. From May 2022 to August 2023, Ms. Poole served as Vice President, Assistant Corporate Controller. Ms. Poole served as Senior Director, Global Financial Reporting and Compliance from May 2021 to May 2022, and from March 2014 to May 2021, she served as the Director, External Financial Reporting.

Sung (Steve) J. Yoon, 59, has served as Senior Vice President, Global Sales since November 2024. Mr. Yoon served as Vice President, Americas Sales Operations from February 2021 to November 2024. From May 2016 to February 2021, he served as a National Sales Manager in the Americas Sales Organization. Prior to 2016, Mr. Yoon served in various district and regional sales management roles.

Investor Information

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). Therefore, we file periodic reports, proxy statements, and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC maintains an internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers.

You can access financial and other information at our Investor Relations website at www.investor.keysight.com. We make available, free of charge, printed copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material electronically or otherwise furnishing it to the SEC.

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, the charters of our Audit and Finance Committee, Compensation and Human Capital Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and Executive Committee, as well as our SBC and Corporate Social Responsibilities reports are available on our website at www.investor.keysight.com under “Corporate Governance.” These items are also available in print to any stockholder in the United States and Canada who requests them by calling (800) 829-4444. This information is also available by writing to the company at the address on the cover of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.