HARLEY-DAVIDSON, INC. (HOG) Risk Factors

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in Harley-Davidson, Inc. involves risks, including those discussed below. These risk factors should be considered carefully before deciding whether to invest in the Company.

Operational Risks

•The Company’s ability to remain competitive is dependent upon its capability to develop and successfully introduce new, innovative and compliant products while maintaining its ability to command a premium price relative to its competitors' motorcycles. The motorcycle market is highly competitive and continues to change in terms of styling preferences and advances in new technologies and, at the same time, is subject to increasing and evolving regulations, including those related to safety and emissions. Price, reliability, styling, quality, product features and engine displacement are some of the factors that impact competition in the motorcycle market. The importance customers place on these and other factors may vary by market location. Thus, the Company must continue to make product advancements and product portfolio decisions to respond to changing consumer preferences, market demands, and legal and regulatory requirements, and distinguish its products from its competitors’ products in the relevant markets. Introducing new products and motorcycle models may not lead to the desired results, including driving profitable unit sales growth. As the Company incorporates new and different features and technology into its products, the Company must also protect its intellectual property from imitators. In addition, these new products must comply with applicable regulations in the markets in which they are sold and satisfy the potential demand for products that produce lower emissions and achieve better fuel economy. The Company must also be able to design and manufacture these products in a cost-efficient manner and deliver them to various markets globally. The Company’s global manufacturing footprint is a significant factor in its ability to deliver its products globally in a cost-efficient manner; however, ongoing geopolitical tensions, supply chain disruptions, and logistics issues arising from regional conflicts may impede the Company’s ability to make strategic production decisions, including managing the production mix in response to factors such as raw material shortages, workforce constraints, supplier shutdowns, and other challenges that could affect pricing. Further, the Company may take pricing actions , which have included and may continue to include introducing incentives, to make prices more attractive to customers in the relevant markets. This may impact the Company's long-term ability to command a premium price relative to its competitors, and there is no guarantee that such actions will be successful.

•The Company faces increasing competition and failure to compete effectively may adversely impact its business and operating results. Many of the Company’s competitors are more diversified than the Company, and they may compete in all or many segments of the motorcycle market, other powersports markets and/or the automotive

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market. Also, the Company’s manufacturer’s suggested retail price for its motorcycles is generally higher than its competitors. If price becomes a more important factor for consumers in the markets in which the Company competes, the Company may be at a competitive disadvantage. The Company also faces pricing pressure from international competitors who may have the advantage of manufacturing and marketing products in their respective countries, allowing them to sell products at lower prices within or outside of their respective countries. Furthermore, many competitors headquartered outside the U.S. experience a financial benefit when there is a strengthening in the U.S. dollar relative to their home currency that can enable them to reduce prices to U.S. consumers. The Company and LiveWire Group, Inc. are also subject to policies and actions of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Many major competitors of the Company and LiveWire Group, Inc. are not subject to the requirements of the SEC or the NYSE rules. As a result, the Company or LiveWire Group, Inc. may be required to disclose certain information that may put the Company or LiveWire Group, Inc. at a competitive disadvantage to their principal competitors. Additionally, the Company’s LiveWire segment is subject to competition in the electric vehicle sector from companies that are at various levels of maturity, which include several major motorcycle companies that have electric vehicles available today and other current and prospective motorcycle manufacturers that may be developing electric vehicles. Increased competition or failure of the electric vehicle market to develop may lead to lower vehicle unit sales and increased inventory, which may result in downward price pressure and adversely affect the business, prospects, financial condition and operating results of the LiveWire segment. As a result of new entrants into the electric vehicle market, there may be increased competition for component and other parts of LiveWire’s electric vehicles, which may have limited or single-source supply, or suppliers may be unwilling to provide product at lower volumes. In addition, the Harley-Davidson Financial Services segment faces competition from various banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions that may have access to additional sources of capital at more competitive rates and terms, particularly for borrowers in higher credit tiers. The Company's responses to these competitive pressures, or its failure to adequately address and respond to these competitive pressures, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

•The Company relies on its suppliers to obtain raw materials and provide component parts for use in the manufacture of its motorcycles and products. Inflationary pressures, including on manufacturing, and the availability of components and raw materials, such as rare earth elements, or instability in logistics, including the escalating tensions between the U.S. and foreign leaders regarding the Panama Canal, and related costs may negatively impact the Company's profitability. The Company may experience supply problems relating to raw materials and components, such as component shortages, unfavorable pricing, poor quality, termination of supply of some of the Company's components or untimely delivery. The prices for these raw materials and components may fluctuate depending on market conditions, which include inflation of raw material costs, exchange rate fluctuations, commodity market volatility, tariffs, embargoes, sanctions, trade policies, and other trade restrictions. In certain circumstances, the Company relies on a single supplier to provide component parts or a contract manufacturer to manufacture certain components and/or products, and a change or disruption in these established relationships may cause disruption in the Company’s production schedule. In addition, the price and availability of raw materials and component parts from suppliers can be adversely affected by factors outside of the Company’s control, such as the supply of a necessary raw material, capacity constraints, labor shortages or disputes, natural disasters, extreme weather events, pandemics (like COVID-19), epidemics or other public health crises, trade and shipping disruptions, fluctuating costs of ocean freight, wars and trade policies. Further, the Company's suppliers and contract manufacturers may experience difficulty in funding their day-to-day cash flow needs because of tightening credit caused by financial market disruption. In addition, adverse economic conditions and related pressure on select suppliers or contract manufacturers due to difficulties in global manufacturing could adversely affect their ability to supply the Company. For example, one of the Company's suppliers, First Brands Group, LLC - a leading automotive parts provider - filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in September 2025 and has recently relied on the support of its customers as it works through various funding challenges. The Company had to work to mitigate potential negative effects on its supply chain due to this issue. The unavailability of any component or supplier or contract manufacturer could result in production delays and/or product design changes and impact the Company’s ability to fulfill orders. Changes in laws and policies relating to trade and taxation may also adversely impact the Company's foreign suppliers or contract manufacturers. Natural disasters, extreme weather, epidemics, or health crises at supplier or contract manufacturer locations may disrupt supply to the Company. These supplier risks may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. Such disruptions have resulted in and could further result in manufacturing inefficiencies due to the delay in delivering components for production or having to find alternative components due to lack of availability and could place the Company in an uncompetitive position resulting in a material adverse effect on its operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

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•Increased supply of and/or declining prices for used motorcycles and excess supply of new motorcycles may adversely impact retail sales of new motorcycles by the Company's dealers. The Company has observed that when the supply of used motorcycles increases or the prices for used Harley-Davidson motorcycles decline, there can be reduced demand among retail purchasers for new Harley-Davidson motorcycles at or near manufacturer’s suggested retail prices. Further, the Company and its dealers can and do take actions that influence the markets for new and used Harley-Davidson motorcycles. For example, introduction of new motorcycle models with significantly different styling, design, functionality, technology or other customer satisfiers can result in increased supply of used motorcycles, which could result in declining prices for used motorcycles and prior model-year new motorcycles. Also, the Company’s approach to supply and inventory management may not be effective, or the Company’s competitors could choose to supply new motorcycles to the market in excess of demand at reduced prices, which could also have the effect of reducing demand for new Harley-Davidson motorcycles at or near manufacturer’s suggested retail prices. Reduced demand among retail purchasers for new Harley-Davidson motorcycles leads to reduced shipments by the Company and may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

•The Company must prevent and detect issues with its products, components purchased from suppliers, and the related manufacturing processes to reduce recall campaigns, warranty costs, litigation, product liability claims, delays in new model launches, disruptions in production and/or shipment, and regulatory investigations and fines. The Company must continually improve and adhere to appropriate product development and manufacturing processes and ensure that its suppliers, contract manufacturers, and their sub-tier suppliers adhere to appropriate product development and manufacturing processes, to ensure the Company and its dealers are selling high-quality products that meet customer needs and desires and comply with applicable regulations. If product designs or manufacturing processes are defective, the Company could experience delays in new model launches, disruptions in production, delays in shipment, field actions, such as product programs and product recalls, and inquiries or investigations from regulatory agencies, which could subject the Company to fines and penalties, and warranty claims and product liability claims, which may involve purported class actions or significant jury verdicts. For example, during the second quarter of 2022, the Company suspended all vehicle assembly and shipments for approximately two weeks due to a regulatory compliance matter relating to a Tier 2 supplier’s brake hose assemblies. In June 2023, the same Tier 2 supplier notified the Company that it was investigating a new, separate quality issue with brake hose assemblies produced by the Tier 2 supplier after the Company’s 2022 production suspension. Due to this issue, the Company was forced to suspend production of most of the motorcycles manufactured at its York facility and run limited motorcycle manufacturing operations there for approximately two weeks. Both the Tier 2 supplier and the Company leveraged NHTSA’s standard process to petition the agency for a determination that both of the potential non-compliances are inconsequential to motor vehicle safety. If NHTSA makes the inconsequentiality determinations requested, the Company will be exempt from conducting a field action or a recall of its motorcycles related to these matters. The Company expects that NHTSA will make the inconsequentiality determinations; however, it is possible that a recall or field action could be required that could cause the Company to incur material costs. Any future product recall, whether initiated by the Company, a supplier, or a contract manufacturer, may lead to negative publicity, harm the Company’s brand image, and negatively impact its business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. Recalls arising from systems or components engineered or manufactured by any of these parties may also result in considerable expenses, potential litigation, and diversion of management attention and other resources, all of which could further affect the Company’s brand and overall performance. While the Company uses reasonable methods to estimate the cost of warranty, recall and product liabilities, and appropriately reflects those in its financial statements, there is a risk the actual costs could exceed estimates and result in damages that are not covered by insurance. Further, selling products with quality issues, the announcement of recalls and the filing of product liability claims (whether or not successful), may also adversely affect the reputation and brand strength of the Company with a resulting adverse impact on sales.

•The Company primarily sells its products at wholesale and must rely to a large extent on a network of independent dealers and distributors to manage the retail distribution of its products. The Company depends on the capability of its independent distributors and dealers to develop and implement effective retail sales plans to create demand among retail purchasers for the motorcycles and related products and services that the dealers purchase from the Company. If the Company’s distributors and dealers are not successful in these endeavors, or do not appropriately adapt to the evolving retail landscape and effectively implement successful retail strategies, then the Company may be unable to maintain or grow its revenues and meet its financial expectations. There is no assurance that the Company's dealers' or distributors' retail strategies will be successful. Additionally, distributors and dealers may experience difficulty in funding their day-to-day cash flow needs and paying their obligations resulting from adverse business conditions, such as weakened retail sales and tightened credit. If distributors and dealers are unsuccessful or unprofitable, they may exit or be forced to exit their business or, in some cases, the Company may seek to terminate relationships with certain distributors and dealers, leading to a reduction in the number of distributors or

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dealers. The departure of dealers could also affect the LiveWire segment, since selling electric motorcycles directly to retail customers through the independent dealer network is a main sales channel. The Company could face lawsuits and additional adverse consequences related to the termination of its independent distributor and dealer relationships. Additionally, liquidating a former distributor’s or dealer’s inventory of new and used motorcycles can add downward pressure on new and used motorcycle prices which may cause adverse consequences for the remaining distributor and dealer network. Further, the unplanned loss of any of the Company’s independent distributors or dealers may lead to inadequate market coverage for retail sales of new motorcycles and for servicing previously sold motorcycles, create negative impressions of the Company with its retail customers and adversely impact the Company’s ability to collect wholesale receivables from that dealer. Finally, the Company is exposed to credit risk in the event of a dealer failure or inability to redistribute motorcycles that the Company has repossessed from a closing dealer or that a closing dealer has surrendered to the Company at invoice price through the Company’s subsidiary, HDFS.

•A significant cybersecurity incident or data privacy breach could disrupt the Company’s information technology environment and data security infrastructure, impacting its business operations, and may adversely affect the Company’s reputation, revenue and earnings. The Company utilizes information technology as a core component of its business operations. The security, availability, and integrity of its information technology environment and data security infrastructure are essential for the execution of specific business activities. Additionally, the Company relies on its ability to develop and continually update its information technology environment and related infrastructure in response to its changing business needs. The Company implements new and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, and necessary upgrades to these technologies while supporting its older technologies. The implementation of the new technologies and upgrades to technologies may not perform as expected. Additionally, as technologies age, they may become obsolete, potentially leading to performance problems and raising cybersecurity risks. Third-party service providers and vendors not under the direct control of the Company may provide and/or manage some of these technologies. The Company and certain of its third-party service providers and vendors receive, digitally store and transmit personal and other information in connection with the Company’s human resources operations, financial services operations, e-commerce, the Harley Owners Group, dealer management, mobile applications and other aspects of its business. The Company’s information technology environment and data security infrastructure, and those of its third-party service providers and vendors, are susceptible to continually evolving cybersecurity risks. Unauthorized parties engage in a regular practice of attempting to gain access to these environments and infrastructure, including the information the Company and its third-party service providers and vendors maintain on them or use, through fraud or other means of deception. Hardware or software the Company develops or obtains from third-parties may contain defects in design or manufacture, vulnerabilities, or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security and/or the Company’s operations. The methods used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service or sabotage systems and networks are constantly evolving and may be difficult to anticipate or detect. Threat actors may also utilize new or emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. The Company has implemented and regularly reviews and updates processes and procedures designed to protect against unauthorized access to or use of secured data and to prevent data loss. However, the ever-evolving threats mean the Company and third-party service providers and vendors must continually evaluate and adapt systems and processes, and there is no assurance that they will be adequate to safeguard against all cybersecurity incidents or misuses of data. The Company and certain of the Company's third-party providers have experienced cybersecurity attacks, but to date they have not materially compromised the Company’s information technology environment or data security infrastructure or resulted in a material impact on the Company’s business or operations or intellectual property or the material release of confidential information about its employees, customers, dealers, suppliers or other third parties. Any future significant compromise or breach of the Company’s information technology environment or data security infrastructure, whether external or internal, or misuse of customer, employee, dealer, supplier or Company data could result in disruption to the Company’s operations, significant costs, lost sales, lawsuits with third-parties, fines and penalties, government enforcement actions, unauthorized release of confidential, proprietary or otherwise protected information, loss of intellectual property rights, such as trade secrets, corruption of data, negative impact on the value of investment in research, development and engineering, remediation costs and/or damage to the Company’s reputation. In addition, as the regulatory environment related to information security, data collection and use and privacy becomes increasingly rigorous with new and evolving requirements, compliance could also result in the Company being required to incur additional costs.

•The Company utilizes a limited number of contract manufacturers to produce certain components and/or products, which may present significant risks due to the lack of direct control over their activities, including delivery schedules, quality assurance, production costs and manufacturing yields. Our contract manufacturers' inability to produce certain components and/or products that satisfy our requirements may have a material

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adverse effect on our business. In certain circumstances, the Company relies on contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing, procurement, logistics and distribution services for certain components and/or products. If the contract manufacturer becomes unwilling or unable to manufacture components and/or products at the required quantity, quality, cost or schedule, the Company may need to engage another contract manufacturer or build its own in-house manufacturing capabilities, which could cause the Company to incur significant cost and expense. Additionally, it may take time to transition to another contract manufacturer, and there is no assurance that another contract manufacturer would be able to meet the Company’s capacity, capability or quality requirements, or otherwise be an effective and acceptable manufacturing solution. Additionally, utilizing contract manufacturers subjects the Company to risks associated with the protection of our trademarks and other intellectual property. If our contract manufacturers fail to protect our trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property, either intentionally or unintentionally, including producing products that compete with ours, it may adversely affect our operations, financial condition and/or cash flows.

•The Company’s motorcycle operations are dependent upon unionized labor. A substantial portion of the hourly production employees working in the Company's motorcycle operations are represented by unions and covered by collective bargaining agreements. The Company is currently a party to four collective bargaining agreements with local affiliates of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers and the United Steelworkers of America. The current collective bargaining agreement with hourly employees in Pennsylvania will expire on October 15, 2027, and the agreements with employees in Wisconsin will expire on March 31, 2029. There is no certainty that the Company will be successful in negotiating new agreements with these unions that extend beyond the current expiration dates or that these new agreements will be on terms that will allow the Company to be competitive. The Company's decisions regarding opening, closing, expanding, contracting or restructuring its facilities may involve changes to existing or new bargaining agreements. Further, the Company's strategic decisions regarding the use of its global manufacturing operations, including using contract manufacturing, may adversely impact the successful renewal of the existing agreements. Failure to renew the existing agreements when they expire or to amend agreements or establish new collective bargaining agreements when that is necessary on terms acceptable to the Company and the unions could result in the relocation of production, work stoppages or other labor disruptions, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

•Weather and weather-related events may impact retail sales by the Company's dealers. The Company has observed that abnormally cold and/or wet conditions in a region, including impacts from hurricanes or unusual storms, could have the effect of reducing demand or changing the timing for purchases of new and used Harley-Davidson motorcycles and parts and accessories. Fires and other natural disasters could have similar negative impacts. Reduced demand for new Harley-Davidson motorcycles ultimately leads to reduced shipments by the Company.

•The Company has substantial liabilities for employee pension and healthcare benefits. The Company’s cash funding requirements and its estimates of liabilities and expenses for pensions and healthcare benefits for both active and retired employees are based on several factors that are outside the Company’s control. These factors include funding requirements of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, the rate used to discount the future estimated liabilities, the rate of return on plan assets, current and projected healthcare costs, healthcare reform or legislation, retirement age and mortality. Changes in these factors can impact the income, expense, liabilities and cash requirements associated with these benefits, which could have a material adverse effect on future results of operations, liquidity or shareholders’ equity.

•The Company relies on third-parties to perform certain operating and administrative functions for the Company. Similar to suppliers of raw materials and components, the Company may experience problems with outsourced services, such as unfavorable pricing, untimely delivery of services or poor quality. Also, these suppliers may experience adverse economic conditions due to changing economic factors that could lead to difficulties supporting the Company's operations, such as inflation, turnover, and labor strikes or shortages. In light of the amount and types of functions that the Company has outsourced, these service provider risks may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations.

•The Company’s operations are dependent upon attracting and retaining skilled employees, including skilled labor, executive officers and other senior leaders. The Company’s future success depends on its continuing ability to: (i) identify, hire, develop, motivate, retain and promote skilled personnel for all areas of its organization, (ii) effectively execute reorganization actions within expected costs and realize the expected benefits of those actions, and (iii) attract qualified and experienced independent directors for its Board of Directors. The Company is highly dependent on its senior management, including its new Chief Executive Officer, Artie Starrs, other key personnel and its Board of Directors. A leadership transition can increase turnover risks, including among key personnel, and result

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in changes in the Company's business strategy, which may impact its business and financial performance. The loss of key personnel or independent directors could adversely affect the Company’s operations and profitability. Any perceived uncertainties regarding the Company's future direction and control, its ability to develop effective strategies and execute its business plans, or alterations to the composition of its Board of Directors or senior management team could create a perception of instability or a shift in business direction, affecting the Company's ability to attract or retain qualified personnel or independent directors. Further, the Company’s current and future total compensation arrangements, which include benefits and incentive awards, may not be successful in attracting new employees and retaining and motivating the Company’s existing employees. In addition, the Company must cultivate and sustain a work environment where employees are engaged and energized in their jobs to maximize their performance, and the Company must effectively execute reorganization actions. In late 2025, after five years of its corporate employees primarily working remotely, the Company announced that Milwaukee-based corporate employees would return to on-site work at specified Company facilities, including the Company's historic Juneau Avenue campus in Milwaukee. This transition back into the office may impact the Company's culture and workplace which could lead to attrition and difficulty attracting qualified personnel. If the Company does not succeed in attracting new personnel, retaining existing personnel, implementing effective succession plans, executing reorganization actions and motivating and engaging personnel, including executive officers, the Company may be unable to develop and distribute products and services and effectively execute its plans and strategies.

•Artificial intelligence (AI) technology may adversely impact our business: (i) by potentially posing risks to Company confidential or proprietary information; (ii) by potentially giving rise to legal actions or reputational damage; (iii) if employees misuse AI; or (iv) if the Company fails to timely and appropriately adopt AI to remain competitive. The Company’s workforce may use AI technology, such as generative AI, which may result in the exposure of our confidential or proprietary information to unauthorized third-parties and the misuse of the Company’s intellectual property. Use of AI technology may also result in claims against the Company alleging violation of third-party intellectual property rights. Use of AI technology may also result in inaccurate results and biases that could cause mistakes in the Company's decision-making or other business activities, which may have an adverse impact on the Company's business and results of operations. Further, there is no assurance that the Company's training and enforcement of procedures governing the use of AI will be adequate to safeguard against the unauthorized use of AI technology. Additionally, if the Company does not adopt AI in a timely or effective manner, it could incur additional costs or face competitive disadvantages which may adversely affect the Company's business and results of operations.

Strategic Risks

•The Company recently appointed a new Chief Executive Officer and is developing a new strategic plan, which creates uncertainties that may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and results of operations. Artie Starrs assumed the role of Chief Executive Officer on October 1, 2025. Soon after his appointment, he initiated a comprehensive evaluation of the Company's strategy and operations. The Company expects the strategic and operational evaluation activities to continue in the coming months to develop a new strategic plan for the Company. To the extent the Company is unable to successfully develop, implement, and execute its strategic plan, or if it experiences delays in the development, implementation or execution of the strategic plan, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operation may be adversely affected. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to develop, implement, or execute business plans or strategies, or that they will ultimately be profitable or successful.

•International sales and operations, along with being an iconic American company, subject the Company to risks that may have a material adverse effect on its business. International operations and sales remain an important part of the Company’s business plans and strategies. Further, international operations and sales are subject to various risks, including political and economic instability, local labor market conditions, the imposition of new and existing foreign tariffs (including rebalancing tariffs in response to tariffs the U.S. imposes) and other trade barriers, the impact of foreign government laws and regulations, U.S. laws and regulations that apply to international operations, the effects of income and withholding taxes, governmental expropriation and differences in business practices. The Company may incur increased costs and experience delays or disruptions in product deliveries and payments in connection with international operations and sales that could cause loss of revenues and earnings. Additionally, the Company's global manufacturing presence may negatively affect U.S. consumer perspectives of its iconic American brand. This perception could also influence non-U.S. consumer preferences. As geopolitical tensions continue, nationalism may increase globally, causing consumers in the international market to refrain from purchasing the Company's products because the Company is an iconic American motorcycle manufacturer and/or U.S. consumers to refrain from purchasing the Company's products because of its global manufacturing locations, which could result in reduced demand for the Company's products and may have a material adverse effect on the

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Company's business and results of operations. Unfavorable changes in the political, regulatory and business climate could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net sales, financial condition, profitability and cash flows. International sales require modification of products to meet local requirements or preferences, which may impact the Company's ability to achieve international sales growth. Business practices that may be accepted in other countries can violate U.S. or other laws that apply to the Company. Violations of laws that apply to the Company's foreign operations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and economic sanctions laws, could result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, could disrupt the Company's business and result in an adverse effect on the Company's reputation, business and results of operations.

•The Company’s success depends upon the continued strength of the Harley-Davidson brand. The Company believes that the Harley-Davidson brand has significantly contributed to the success of its business and that maintaining and enhancing the brand is critical to maintaining and expanding its customer base. Geopolitical tensions that give rise to anti-U.S. sentiments or campaigns may cause consumers in non-U.S. markets to cancel, reduce or defer purchases from U.S.-based companies. As an American icon, the Company may be subjected to some or all of these actions, which may have a negative impact on the Company's business and results of operations. Additionally, failure to protect the brand from infringers or to grow or maintain the value of the Harley-Davidson brand may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. Further, third-parties with whom the Company has business relationships or that have, or are perceived to have, close ties to the brand, including its employees, dealers, brand ambassadors and influencer network, may fail to represent the brand in a manner consistent with the Company’s brand image or act in a manner that harms the Company’s reputation, which could cause immediate harm to the Company’s reputation and brand. The reputations of the Company’s employees, dealers, brand ambassadors and influencer network could negatively impact how consumers view the Company’s products or brand. The use of online media by the Company, its brand ambassadors, its influencer network, and its consumers has increased the risk that its brand and reputation could be negatively impacted. The speed and reach of information dissemination have drastically increased with the use of online media. The dissemination of information via online media has given users the ability to organize collective actions such as boycotts and other brand-damaging behaviors more effectively and could harm the Company’s brand or business, regardless of the information’s accuracy. The harm may be immediate, without affording the Company an opportunity for redress or correction, which may have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, an increase in the use of online media for product promotion and marketing may increase the burden on the Company to monitor compliance of such materials and increase the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations. The Company's reputation may also be adversely affected by inappropriate use of its marks or name, including potential negative publicity, loss of confidence or other damage to the Company's image due to licensed use and/or unlicensed use. Additionally, third parties may challenge the Company's intellectual property or allege that the Company infringes or misappropriates intellectual property of the third parties. The Company may incur substantial costs to enforce or defend the Company's intellectual property or to defend the Company against allegations of infringement or misappropriation. If the outcome of any such enforcement or defense is unfavorable to the Company, its brand could be adversely affected.

•Activist shareholders or activist campaigns could cause the Company to incur substantial costs, hinder the development of the Company’s new strategic plan or have other adverse impacts on the Company. The Company may receive proposals from shareholders requesting certain corporate actions that may not align with the Company’s business strategies or the interests of the Company’s other shareholders. Additionally, the Company may be the target of activist campaigns aimed at pressuring the Company to take actions that do not align with the Company’s business strategies or the interests of the Company’s shareholders, which can be costly and time-consuming. These activities may disrupt the Company’s operations by diverting the Board's and management’s attention and resources, and may negatively impact the reputation of the Company, its operating results, or its ability to attract or retain investors, customers, and employees. For example, in April 2025, one of the Company’s largest shareholders at that time, H Partners, launched an activist campaign during the proxy season in which it expressed disagreement with certain actions by specific members of the Company's Board of Directors and senior management. Although the Company prevailed in the proxy contest, it required the Company to retain advisors, including legal, financial and public relations, at significant cost and required significant time and attention from the Board of Directors and management.

•The timing and amount of the Company's share repurchase strategy are subject to a number of uncertainties. The Company previously announced its plan to repurchase $1 billion of its common stock on a discretionary basis between the third quarter of 2024 and the end of 2026. The amount and timing of share repurchases are based on a variety of factors that could cause the Company to limit, suspend or delay future stock repurchases. Such factors

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include but are not limited to: (i) unfavorable market and economic conditions, (ii) the trading price of its common stock, (iii) the nature and magnitude of other investment opportunities available to the Company from time to time, (iv) legal constraints on trading at certain times; and (v) the availability of cash. Delaying, limiting or suspending the Company's stock repurchase program may negatively affect performance versus earnings per share targets, and ultimately its stock price.

•The LiveWire segment is an emerging entrant in the electric vehicle sector and may not be able to adequately control the costs of its operations, generate sufficient cash flows or obtain sufficient funding independent of the Company to sustain its operations, and there is no assurance that LiveWire will be able to successfully manage these risks. The Company maintains a controlling equity ownership of LiveWire as a separate business and significant ongoing commercial relationships with it. There are no assurances that LiveWire will be able to execute its business plans and strategies. The Company’s ability to realize the desired business benefits from LiveWire will be affected by, among other factors: (i) LiveWire's expectation of significant expenses and continuing losses for several years until the demand exists for its electric vehicles resulting in significant sales, which may occur later than expected or not at all; (ii) the ability of LiveWire to obtain sufficient funding from sources other than the Company to sustain its operations; (iii) the ability of LiveWire to achieve profitability, which is dependent on the successful development and commercial introduction and acceptance of its electric vehicles, and its services, which may not occur; (iv) the ability of LiveWire to adequately control the costs of its operations; (v) competition in the electric vehicle sector, including the products and services of LiveWire; (vi) LiveWire's dependency on its ability to develop, maintain and strengthen its brand, which may impact its ability to build a critical mass of customers; (vii) the ability of LiveWire to execute on its plans to develop, produce, market and sell its electric vehicles; (viii) the willingness and ability of LiveWire's retail partners, largely drawn from the Company’s traditional motorcycle dealer network, to be able to effectively establish and maintain relationships with retail customers for electric vehicles; and (ix) the ability of LiveWire to adapt its long-term strategy and product offerings to align with evolving customer preferences and broader electric vehicle trends, including the slower than anticipated adoption of electric vehicles given a lack of government incentives, less favorable regulatory environment and slower expansion of charging infrastructure. If LiveWire is unable to successfully manage these risks, it may adversely affect the business and results of the Company’s operations.

•The Company's insurance coverage strategy may not be adequate to protect it from all business risks. The Company may be subject, in the ordinary course of business, to losses resulting from product liability or other litigation, accidents, cybersecurity incidents, acts of God and other claims against it, for which the Company may have no insurance coverage or insufficient insurance coverage. Additionally, the Company may be subject to losses imputed onto the Company because of acts and inadequate insurance coverage and/or capitalization of suppliers and providers. The Company's policies may include significant deductibles or self-insured retentions, policy limitations and exclusions. Therefore, the Company cannot be certain that its insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future losses or claims against it. A loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits may require the Company to pay substantial amounts, which may harm the Company’s financial condition and operating results.

•The Company may not realize the desired benefits from the strategic transaction between HDFS and its strategic partners, KKR and PIMCO. During 2025, HDFS (i) sold to KKR and PIMCO a collective 9.8% of its common equity interest, (ii) sold to KKR and PIMCO the majority of its existing gross consumer retail loan receivables, including those held in securitized trusts, and (iii) began to sell up to two-thirds of HDFS’s on-going retail loan originations. Harley-Davidson Credit Corp., a subsidiary of HDFS, also completed the sale of a portion of HDCC’s promissory notes and security agreements portfolio to KKR Morrow Trust and HDL Trust. These strategic transactions may involve significant challenges and risks, including: (i) limiting HDFS’s ability to enter into other strategic transactions, such as with another third-party investor; (ii) adding complexities to HDFS’s business operations; (iii) requiring significant attention from HDFS’s management; and (iv) increasing governmental or regulatory issues for HDFS and the Company. There is no assurance that the Company will realize the desired financial or other benefits from these strategic transactions, including those related to HDFS's capital structure.

Financial Risks

•The HDFS segment is exposed to credit risk on its retail and wholesale finance receivables. Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from a failure by a customer, including the Company's dealers, to meet the terms of any contract with HDFS. Wholesale and retail credit losses are influenced by general business and economic conditions, including inflation, unemployment rates, bankruptcy filings, recessionary conditions and other factors that negatively affect household incomes, as well as contract terms and customer credit profiles. These credit losses are also influenced by the markets for new and used motorcycles, and the Company and its dealers can and do take actions that impact those markets. For example, the introduction of new models by the Company that represent significant upgrades on

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previous models may result in increased supply or decreased demand in the market for used Harley-Davidson branded motorcycles, including those motorcycles that serve as collateral or security for credit that HDFS has extended. This in turn could adversely impact the prices at which repossessed motorcycles may be sold, which may lead to increased credit loss rates for HDFS. Further, even when HDFS does exercise its rights to seek repossession of collateral, there is no assurance that a motorcycle will be successfully repossessed, which also may lead to increased credit loss rates for HDFS. Negative changes in general business, economic or market factors may have an additional adverse impact on the Company’s financial services credit losses and future earnings. HDFS's retail credit losses have changed, and the Company believes they will continue to change over time due to changing consumer credit behavior, macroeconomic conditions including the impact of inflation and HDFS's efforts to increase prudently structured loan approvals to sub-prime borrowers. In addition, HDFS's efforts to adjust underwriting criteria based on market and economic conditions and actions that the Company has taken and could take that impact motorcycle values may impact HDFS's retail credit losses.

•The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. The Company sells its products globally and in most markets outside the U.S. those sales are made in the foreign country’s local currency. As a result, a weakening in those foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar can adversely affect the Company's revenue and margin, and cause volatility in its results of operations. Furthermore, many competitors headquartered outside the U.S. experience a financial benefit from a strengthening in the U.S. dollar relative to their home currency that can enable them to reduce prices to U.S. consumers. The Company is also subject to risks associated with changes in prices of commodities. Earnings from the Company’s financial services business are affected by changes in interest rates. When benchmark interest rates are high when compared with the past periods of low benchmark interest rates, rates available to consumers for new vehicle financing are high as well, which makes the Company’s motorcycles relatively less affordable to customers and can steer customers to less expensive motorcycles that would be less profitable for the Company, adversely affecting the Company’s financial condition and operating results. Additionally, if consumer interest rates increase substantially or if financial service providers, including Harley-Davidson Financial Services, tighten lending standards or restrict their lending to certain classes of credit, customers may not desire or be able to obtain financing to purchase the Company’s motorcycles. The effects of inflation on the discretionary income of consumers, together with elevated interest rates relative to recent years, have adversely influenced both our dealers and consumers. This has resulted in reduced demand for our products. A further substantial increase in customer interest rates or tightening of lending standards could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Although the Company uses derivative financial instruments to some extent to manage a portion of its exposure to foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rate risks, the Company does not attempt to manage its entire expected exposure, and these derivative financial instruments generally do not extend beyond one year, except for the Company's cross-currency swaps related to foreign denominated debt, the duration of which corresponds with the duration of the hedged debt, and may expose the Company to credit risk in the event of counterparty default to the derivative financial instruments. There can be no assurance that in the future the Company will successfully manage these risks.

•The HDFS segment is dependent on accessing capital markets to fund operations at competitive interest rates, the Company’s access to capital and its cost of capital are highly dependent upon its credit ratings, and any negative credit rating actions may adversely affect its earnings and results of operations. Liquidity is essential to the Company’s financial services business. Disruptions in financial markets may cause lenders and institutional investors to reduce or cease to loan money to borrowers, including financial institutions. The Company’s HDFS segment may be negatively affected by difficulty in raising capital in the long-term and short-term capital markets. These negative consequences may in turn adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations in various ways, including through higher costs of capital and reduced funds available through its HDFS segment to provide loans to dealers and their retail customers. Additionally, the ability of the Company and its HDFS segment to access unsecured capital markets is influenced by their short-term and long-term credit ratings. If the Company’s credit ratings are downgraded or its ratings outlook is negatively changed, then the Company’s cost of borrowing could increase, which may result in reduced earnings and reduced interest margins, and the Company’s access to capital may be disrupted or impaired.

Legal, Regulatory & Compliance Risks

•Geopolitical conflicts and tensions have impacted the global economy, leading to the implementation of tariffs and additional trade restrictions and may significantly impact the Company's operations and financial performance. In

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January 2025, the global tariff landscape began to quickly change with the U.S. implementing tariffs on various foreign countries, either generally or with respect to certain products, and certain of those foreign countries implementing rebalancing tariffs on the U.S., either generally or with respect to certain products. In certain circumstances, the U.S. and certain foreign countries temporarily suspended tariffs they had recently implemented, either in whole or in part. The U.S. continues to implement new, reinstated or adjusted tariffs, and the Company expects that it will continue with this practice. Foreign countries subject to these U.S. tariffs continue to implement new, reinstated or adjusted rebalancing tariffs, and the Company expects that foreign countries will continue with that practice. The U.S. and foreign countries may also amend, suspend or withdraw their respective tariffs at any time. New or increased tariffs are expected to negatively impact the Company’s ability to sell products domestically and internationally at or near current prices as tariffs impact the cost of raw materials, components and motorcycles.

For example, in 2018, the United States imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports from the European Union. In response, the EU enacted incremental rebalancing tariffs of 25% on selected goods imported into the EU, including non-electric motorcycles. Beginning in April 2021, these tariffs were applied to the Company’s motorcycles manufactured in the U.S. and Thailand, resulting in a total duty of 31% upon importation to the EU. The EU suspended the 25% rebalancing tariffs in October 2021 pending ongoing negotiations with the U.S., and this suspension was further extended for six months on August 5, 2025. The EU continues to evaluate the status of this suspension as trade discussions with the United States evolve. The Company is unable to predict the final outcome of these developments or their potential impact on rebalancing or future tariffs.

These tariffs have impacted the cost of motorcycles and could increase the cost of components and materials used to make the Company’s motorcycles and other products. Higher production costs could make the Company’s motorcycles and other products less affordable for consumers, both in the U.S. and in foreign countries, and negatively impact consumer demand. The Company may not be able to mitigate the effects of these tariffs which could negatively impact the Company’s operations and financial performance.

•The Company must comply with governmental laws and regulations that are subject to change and involve significant costs. The Company’s sales and operations in areas outside the U.S. are subject to foreign laws, regulations and the legal systems of foreign courts or tribunals. These laws and policies governing operations of foreign-based companies may result in increased costs or restrictions on the ability of the Company to sell its products in certain countries. U.S. laws and policies affecting foreign trade and taxation may also adversely affect the Company's international sales operations.

The Company’s U.S. sales and operations are subject to governmental policies and regulatory actions of agencies of the United States Government, including the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), SEC, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Labor and Federal Trade Commission. In addition, the Company’s sales and operations are also subject to laws and actions of state legislatures and other local regulators, including dealer statutes and licensing laws. Changes in regulations, changes in interpretations of regulations by governmental agencies, or the imposition of additional regulations may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

Tax – The Company is subject to income and non-income based taxes in the U.S. federal and state jurisdictions and in various foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining the Company's worldwide income tax liabilities and other tax liabilities. The Company believes that it complies with applicable tax laws. If the governing tax authorities have a different interpretation of the applicable laws or if there is a change in tax laws, the Company's financial condition and/or results of operations may be adversely affected. To the extent there are considerable changes to tax laws, the Company may need to readjust its tax strategy, and may not be able to take full advantage of, or fully mitigate the adverse impacts of, such changes.

Environmental – Many of the Company's products are subject to statutory and regulatory requirements governing emissions, noise and other matters, including standards imposed by the EPA, state regulatory agencies, such as the California Air Resources Board, and regulatory agencies in certain foreign countries where the Company’s motorcycle products are sold. The Company is also subject to statutory and regulatory requirements governing emissions and noise in the conduct of the Company’s manufacturing operations. Any significant change to the regulatory requirements governing emissions and noise may substantially increase the cost of manufacturing the Company’s products. If the Company fails to meet existing or new requirements, then the Company may be unable to produce and sell certain products or may be subject to fines or penalties.

Electric Vehicles - The Company's LiveWire segment is subject to substantial regulation. Unfavorable changes to, or failure to comply with, current or future regulations could substantially harm the Company’s business and its operating results. Increased environmental, safety, emissions or other regulations may result in higher costs, cash

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expenditures and/or sales restrictions. Regulations related to the electric vehicle industry and alternative energy are currently evolving and the Company’s LiveWire segment faces risks associated with changes to these regulations, such as: (i) the imposition of a carbon tax or the introduction of a cap-and-trade system on electric utilities, either of which could increase the cost of electricity and thereby the cost of operating an electric vehicle; (ii) new state regulations of electric vehicles fees could discourage consumer demand for electric vehicles; (iii) the increase of subsidies for alternative fuels such as corn and ethanol could reduce the operating cost of vehicles that use such alternative fuels and gasoline, and thereby reduce the appeal of electric vehicles; (iv) revocation of or discontinuation of or lack of federal and/or state incentives or subsidies for the manufacture, sale or purchase of electric vehicles which could reduce the appeal of electric vehicles; (v) changes to the regulations governing the sourcing, assembly, transportation, and labeling of battery cells (such as the Batteries Regulation in the EU and related secondary legislation) could increase the cost of battery cells or make such commodities more difficult to obtain; (vi) changes in regulation, for example relating to the noise required to be emitted by electric vehicles, may impact the design or function of electric vehicles, and thereby lead to decreased consumer appeal; (vii) changes in regulations governing the range and miles per gallon of gasoline equivalent calculations could lower LiveWire’s electric vehicles’ ratings, making electric vehicles less appealing to consumers; and (viii) the amendment or rescission of the CAFE standards could reduce new business opportunities for the LiveWire business. To the extent compliance with new regulations is cost prohibitive, the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

Financial Services – The HDFS segment is governed by a wide range of U.S. federal and state and foreign laws that regulate financial and lending institutions, and financial services activities. In the U.S. for example, these laws include the federal Truth-in-Lending Act, Equal Credit Opportunity Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, the unfair, deceptive and abusive practices (UDAAP) provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the consumer data privacy and security provisions of the Gramm-Leach Bliley Act. HDFS operations originate the majority of its consumer loans through its subsidiary, Eaglemark Savings Bank, a Nevada state thrift chartered as an Industrial Loan Company. U.S. federal and state bodies may in the future impose additional laws, regulations and supervision over the financial services industry, and priorities of federal and state regulators can be subject to change.

Violations of, or non-compliance with, relevant laws and regulations may limit the ability of HDFS to collect all or part of the principal or interest on applicable loans, may entitle the borrower to rescind the loan or obtain a refund of amounts previously paid, could subject HDFS to payment of damages, civil fines, or criminal penalties and administrative sanctions and could limit the number of loans eligible for HDFS securitization programs or that may be available to sell to its strategic partners. Such regulatory requirements and associated supervision also could limit the discretion of HDFS in operating its business, such as through the suspension or revocation of any charter, license or registration at issue, as well as the imposition of administrative sanctions, including "cease and desist" orders. The Company cannot assure that the applicable laws or regulations will not be amended or construed in ways that are adverse to HDFS, that new laws and regulations will not be adopted in the future, or that laws and regulations will not attempt to limit the interest rates or convenience fees charged by HDFS, any of which may adversely affect the business of HDFS or its results of operations.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) is a sweeping piece of legislation impacting financial services and the full effect continues to evolve as regulations that are intended to implement the Dodd-Frank Act are adopted, and the text of the Dodd-Frank Act is analyzed by stakeholders and the courts. The Dodd-Frank Act also created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the Bureau). The Bureau has significant enforcement and rule-making authority in the area of consumer financial products and services. The direction that the Bureau will take, the regulations it will adopt, and its interpretation of existing laws and regulations are all elements that are not yet fully known and subject to change. Given the fact that a single director leads the Bureau, and the director is subject to at-will removal by the President, the strategic direction and priorities of the Bureau can be subject to volatile swings upon changes in presidential administrations. The Bureau and the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) regularly investigate the products, services and operations of those engaged in vehicle finance activities. As a result of such investigations, both the Bureau and the FTC have announced various enforcement actions against lenders and servicers in the past few years involving significant penalties, consent orders, cease and desist orders and similar remedies that, if applicable to the Company or the products and services the Company offers, may require the Company to cease or alter certain business practices, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. Compliance may be costly and could affect operating results as the implementation of new forms, processes, procedures and controls and infrastructure may be required. Compliance may create operational constraints and place limits on pricing. Failure to comply, as well as changes to laws and regulations, or the imposition of additional laws and regulations, could affect HDFS's

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earnings, limit its access to capital, limit the number of loans eligible for HDFS securitization programs or sale to its strategic partners and have a material adverse effect on HDFS’ business and results of operations. The Bureau also has supervisory authority over certain non-bank larger participants in the vehicle financing market, which includes a non-bank subsidiary of HDFS, allowing the Bureau to conduct comprehensive and rigorous on-site examinations that could result in enforcement actions, fines, changes to processes and procedures, product-related changes or consumer refunds or other actions.

•Regulations related to materials that the Company purchases to use in its products could cause the Company to incur additional expenses and may have other adverse consequences. Laws or regulations impacting the Company's supply chain, such as the UK Modern Slavery Act and the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act, could affect the sourcing and availability of some of the raw materials that the Company uses in the manufacturing of its products and the apparel and licensing products sourced from its suppliers. The Company's supply chain is complex, and if it is not able to fully understand its supply chain and effectively mitigate any issues, then the Company may face reputational challenges with customers, investors, regulators or others and other adverse consequences. For example, many countries in which the Company distributes its products are introducing regulations that require knowledge and disclosure of virtually all materials and chemicals in the Company’s products. Accordingly, the Company could incur significant costs related to the process of complying with these laws, including potential difficulty or added costs in satisfying the disclosure requirements.

•The Company is subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws, and noncompliance with such laws can subject the Company to administrative, civil and criminal fines and penalties, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. The Company is subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and similar laws and regulations in various jurisdictions in which it conducts or in the future may conduct activities, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (the U.K. Bribery Act), and other anti-corruption laws and regulations. Due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the U.S., in coordination with the United Kingdom and the European Union, among others, has implemented sanctions and export control measures targeting Russia, Belarus, and Russian-controlled regions of Ukraine (Crimea, the so-called Donetsk People's Republic, and Luhansk People's Republic). These measures include prohibitions on the export, re-export, or transfer of luxury goods, among other products, to Russia and Belarus, including motorcycles, motorcycle parts and accessories, and leather goods. A violation of these laws or regulations could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. The Company’s policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these regulations may not be sufficient and its directors, officers, employees, representatives, consultants, agents, and business partners could engage in improper conduct for which the Company may be held responsible.

The Company’s business also must be conducted in compliance with applicable economic and trade sanctions laws and regulations, such as those administered and enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the United Nations Security Council and other relevant sanctions authorities. The Company’s global operations expose the Company to the risk of violating, or being accused of violating, anti-corruption laws and economic and trade sanctions laws and regulations. The Company’s failure to comply with these laws and regulations may expose it to reputational harm as well as significant penalties, including criminal fines, imprisonment, civil fines, disgorgement of profits, injunctions and debarment from government contracts, as well as other remedial measures. Investigations of alleged violations can be expensive and disruptive. Despite the Company’s compliance efforts and activities, it cannot assure compliance by its employees or representatives for which it may be held responsible, and any such violation could materially adversely affect the Company’s reputation, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Non-compliance with anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering or financial and economic sanctions laws could subject the Company to whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations and severe administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. In addition, changes in economic sanctions laws in the future could adversely impact the Company’s business and investments in its common stock.

•The Company’s operations may be affected by greenhouse gas emissions and climate change and related regulations. There are significant legislative and regulatory efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. Congress has previously considered and may in the future implement restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, several U.S. states, including states where the Company has manufacturing facilities, have previously

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considered and may in the future implement greenhouse gas registration and reduction programs. Energy security and availability and its related costs affect all aspects of the Company’s manufacturing operations worldwide, including the Company’s supply chain and contract manufacturers. The Company’s manufacturing facilities use energy, including electricity and natural gas, and certain of the Company’s facilities emit amounts of greenhouse gas that may be affected by these legislative and regulatory efforts. Greenhouse gas regulation could increase the price of the electricity the Company purchases, increase costs for use of natural gas, potentially restrict access to or the use of natural gas, require the Company to purchase allowances to offset the Company’s own emissions or result in an overall increase in costs of raw materials, any one of which could increase the Company’s costs, reduce competitiveness in a global economy or otherwise negatively affect the Company’s business, operations or financial results. Many of the Company’s suppliers face similar circumstances. Physical risks to the Company’s business operations as identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and other expert bodies include scenarios such as sea level rise, extreme weather conditions and resource shortages. Extreme weather may disrupt the production and supply of component parts or other items, such as natural gas, a fuel necessary for the manufacture of motorcycles and their components. Supply disruptions would raise market rates and jeopardize the continuity of motorcycle production.

Further, in response to concerns about global climate changes and related changes in consumer preferences, the Company is likely to face greater regulatory pressure to develop products that generate less emissions and to generate less emissions in all phases of its operations. For example, both the United Kingdom (UK) and EU passed legislation in 2022, which each subsequently revised, to end new fossil fuel car sales by 100% by 2035 in the UK and by 90% by 2035 in the EU. While these laws target fossil fuel cars, the ongoing concerns about global climate and related changes in consumer preferences could lead to a similar ban on internal combustion engines for motorcycles, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. Additionally, in the near term, the Company will not be primarily focused on electric vehicles but will be channeling its focus in this area through its majority investment in LiveWire Group, Inc. As a result, the separation of the LiveWire business may adversely affect the Company's efforts to develop electric vehicles outside of the LiveWire business, at least in the near term, and that could have longer-term negative impacts on the Company's ability to offer electric vehicles in response to pressure to develop products that generate less emissions.

General Risks

•Changes in general economic and business conditions, tightening of credit and retail markets, political events or other factors may adversely impact dealers’ retail sales. The motorcycle industry is impacted by general economic conditions over which motorcycle manufacturers have little control. These factors can weaken the retail environment and lead to weaker demand for discretionary purchases, such as the Company's motorcycles. Weakened economic conditions in certain business sectors and geographic areas can also: (i) result in reduced demand for the Company's products; (ii) negatively impact the business performance and operations of the Company's network of independent dealerships; and (iii) negatively impact the business performance and operations of the Company's suppliers, all of which may negatively impact the financial performance and operations of the Company. Tightening of credit can limit the availability of funds from financial institutions and other lenders and sources of capital which could adversely affect the ability of: (i) retail consumers to obtain loans for the purchase of motorcycles from lenders; and (ii) the Company's independent dealers and suppliers, and HDFS, to effectively operate their businesses. For example, recent macroeconomic conditions have impacted the Company's customers globally, with inflationary pressures creating affordability challenges and high interest rates contributing to delays in customers' decisions to upgrade to new models, which adversely impact dealers' retail sales and the Company's results of operations.

•Geopolitical conditions, including regional conflicts, terrorism, war, and international disputes could cause damage or disruption to commerce and the economy, and thus have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and operating results. The Company operates around the world in various geographic regions and is subject to global events that are beyond its control. The motorcycle industry can also be affected by regional conflicts and other factors over which motorcycle manufacturers have little control. For example, the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has led to an unprecedented expansion of sanctions programs imposed by the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, Japan and other countries against Russia, Belarus, the Crimea Region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic.

Further, ongoing regional conflicts, including the military conflict between Israel and Hamas, a U.S. designated Foreign Terrorist Organization and the risk of increased tensions between, for example, China and Taiwan and the U.S. and the EU, could result in increased pressure on our supply chain, which could increase the cost of

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manufacturing. The Company has a number of suppliers in China, and a conflict between China and Taiwan may impact the Company's supply chain. The EU is the Company's second largest sales region, and escalated tensions between the U.S. and the EU could impact demand for the Company's motorcycles in that region. The length, impact and outcome of international conflicts are highly unpredictable, and such conflicts could lead to significant volatility in commodity prices and supply and prices of energy resources, instability in financial markets, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability, changes in consumer or purchaser preferences as well as increases in cyberattacks and espionage, which could impact the Company's financial condition and operating results.

•The Company is and may in the future become subject to legal proceedings and commercial or contractual disputes. Potential future lawsuits or other claims, or future adverse developments associated with existing unresolved lawsuits and other claims, may harm the Company’s business, financial condition, reputation and brand. The defense of these lawsuits or other claims may result in the expenditure of significant financial resources and the diversion of management’s time and attention away from business operations. An increase in the number of nuclear jury verdicts and overall amounts of jury awards may also increase the costs of defense, insurance and award payments, and may also encourage plaintiffs to initiate more lawsuits and higher settlement demands regardless of the merits of their claims. The Company may be required to make payments in connection with the resolution of lawsuits or other claims by settlement or otherwise, and any such payment or associated costs may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations.

The Company disclaims any obligation to update these risk factors or any other forward-looking statements. The Company assumes no obligation, and specifically disclaims any such obligation, to update these risk factors or any other forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or other factors affecting such forward-looking statements.