FrontView REIT, Inc. (FVR) Risk Factors

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

The following are some of the risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those presented in our forward-looking statements. You should consider carefully the risks described below and the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face but do represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also harm our business.

Summary Risk Factors

•
Properties involve significant risks of tenant defaults and tenant vacancies, which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
We have limited opportunities to increase rents under our long-term leases with tenants, which could impede our growth and materially and adversely affect us.

•
Our financial results have and may continue to fluctuate in the future, which makes predicting our revenues, costs and expenses difficult, and any volatility in our future financial results could materially and adversely affect us.

•
We may not be able to achieve growth through acquisitions at a rate that is comparable to our historical results, which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and any failure to do so could materially and adversely affect us.

•
As we continue to acquire properties pursuant to our growth strategy, our portfolio may become less diversified which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
The departure of any of our key personnel with long-standing business relationships could materially and adversely affect us.

•
Our portfolio is concentrated in certain states and MSAs and any adverse developments and/or economic downturns in these geographic markets could materially and adversely affect us.

•
Our portfolio of properties is also concentrated in certain tenant brands and industries, and any adverse developments relating to one or more of these brands or industries could materially and adversely affect us.

•
Our portfolio of properties is concentrated among tenants with non-investment grade credit ratings, and any adverse developments affecting the credit of these tenants could materially and adversely affect us.

•
The decrease in demand for restaurant properties may materially and adversely affect us.

•
We may be unable to renew leases, re-lease properties as leases expire, or lease vacant spaces on favorable terms or at all, which, in each case, could materially and adversely affect us.

14

•
Our business is subject to significant re-leasing risk, particularly for specialty properties that are suitable for only one use, which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
We could face issues related to condemnation, government taking, environmental contamination or damage and or destruction of our properties for a number of different reasons.

•
We may experience tenant defaults, particularly from tenants that do not have an investment grade credit rating, which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
Our business may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and resulting effects.

•
Security breaches and other technology disruptions could disrupt our operations, compromise our confidential information or information systems and expose us to liability, which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
The use of artificial intelligence, including the potential risk of use of AI by cybercriminals, presents risks and challenges that may adversely impact our business and operative results or that of our tenants.

•
Increases in interest rates may decrease the value of our properties, which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
Inflation may materially and adversely affect us and our tenants, which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $314.3 million principal balance of indebtedness outstanding (net of fees), which may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations.

•
We have made mortgage loans to certain buyers of our properties and any default under such loans could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

•
Market conditions could adversely affect our ability to refinance existing indebtedness on acceptable terms or at all, which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
An increase in market interest rates could increase our interest costs on existing and future debt and could adversely affect our stock price, and a decrease in market interest rates could lead to additional competition for the acquisition of real estate, any of which could materially and adversely affect us.

•
Our Revolving Credit Facility and Delayed Draw Term Loan contain various covenants which, if not complied with, could accelerate our repayment obligations, thereby materially and adversely affecting us.

•
We are a holding company with no direct operations and rely on funds received from the OP to pay liabilities.

•
Failure to qualify as a REIT would materially and adversely affect us and the value of our Common Stock.

•
The market price and trading volume of shares of our Common Stock may be volatile.

•
We may not be able to make distributions to our stockholders at the times or in the amounts we expect, or at all.

•
Increases in market interest rates may result in a decrease in the value of shares of our Common Stock.

•
The rights of the holders of our Common Stock are limited by and subordinate to the rights of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and these rights may have a material adverse effect on the per-share trading price of our Common Stock.

•
We have issued and may continue to issue Series A Preferred Stock that rank senior to our Common Stock in priority of dividend payment and upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of or the Company and redemption rights upon the occurrence of certain events, and we cannot be certain that additional financing will be available on reasonable terms when needed, or at all, which could seriously harm our business.

Risks Related to Our Business and Properties

Properties involve significant risks of tenant defaults and tenant vacancies, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Our portfolio consists of properties that are leased to one or more tenants, most of which are in a single building. As a result, our success depends on our tenants for substantially all of our revenue. The ability of our tenants to meet their obligations to us, including their obligations to pay rent, maintain certain insurance coverage, pay real estate taxes, and maintain the properties in a manner so as not to jeopardize their operating licenses or regulatory status depends on the performance of their business and industry, as well as general market and economic conditions, which are outside of our control. At any given time, any tenant may experience a downturn in its business that may weaken its operating results or the overall financial condition of individual properties or its business as a whole. As a result, a tenant may fail to make rental payments when due, decline to extend a lease upon its expiration, become insolvent, or

15

declare bankruptcy. The financial failure of, or default in payment by, an individual tenant under its lease is likely to cause a significant or complete reduction in our rental revenue from that property, increased expenses incurred by that property, and a reduction in the value of the property. We may also experience difficulty or a significant delay in re-leasing or selling such property. The occurrence of one or more tenant defaults could materially and adversely affect us.

We have limited opportunities to increase rents under our long-term leases with tenants, which could impede our growth and materially and adversely affect us.

We typically purchase properties that are subject to existing long-term net leases with a variety of remaining lease years (initial lease terms of 10 years or more that often have renewal options as well). As of December 31, 2025, the ABR weighted average remaining term of our leases was approximately 7.4 years, excluding renewal options. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 97.3% of our leases (based on ABR) had contractual rent escalations, including the options terms, with an ABR weighted average minimum increase of approximately 1.7%, as follows: (i) approximately 96.3% of our leases (based on ABR) contained fixed annual rent increases or periodic escalations over the term of the lease (e.g., a 10% increase every five years), (ii) approximately 1.0% of our leases (based on ABR) contained annual lease escalations based on increases in the CPI, and (iii) the remaining approximately 2.7% of our leases (based on ABR) did not contain rent escalation provisions. However, these built-in increases may be less than what we otherwise could achieve in the market. Most of our leases contain rent escalators that increase rent at a fixed amount on fixed dates, which may be less than prevailing market rates over the lease duration. For those leases that contain rent escalators based on CPI changes, our rent increases during periods of low inflation or deflation may be less than what we otherwise could achieve in the market. As a result, the long-term nature of our leases could impede our growth and materially and adversely affect us.

The weighted average remaining term of our leases is 7.4 years, excluding renewal options, which will require us to undertake more re-leasing efforts that could materially and adversely affect us.

The weighted average remaining term of our leases is 7.4 years, excluding renewal options, which is shorter than some other publicly-traded net-lease REITs. Because any of our tenants may not renew their lease, we anticipate our rental revenues may be affected by declines in market rental rates more quickly than if our leases were for longer terms. Additionally, short-term leases may result in the turnover of our tenants sooner than our competitors. Consequently, we may need to undertake re-leasing efforts sooner and at shorter intervals than our competitors. The associated costs with these re-leasing efforts, which may, among other things, include repositioning costs, repair costs and re-tenanting costs, and the time our management team spends on the foregoing, may materially and adversely affect us.

Our financial results have and may continue to fluctuate in the future, which makes predicting our revenues, costs and expenses difficult, and any volatility in our future financial results could materially and adversely affect us.

Our quarterly and annual operating results have and may continue to fluctuate for a variety of reasons, including as a result of changes in the volume of real estate transactions, the availability of acquisition financing, capitalization rates, interest rates, competition, rental rates and other factors. If our financial results continue to fluctuate, our operations could be materially and adversely affected. As a result, our financial results that we report on a quarterly basis may not meet investors’ expectations and could materially and adversely affect us.

We may not be able to achieve growth through acquisitions at a rate that is comparable to our historical results, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Our growth strategy depends significantly on acquiring new properties. From inception in 2016 to December 31, 2025, our team has acquired more than $912.4 million of net-leased real estate, net of dispositions. Our ability to continue to grow requires us to identify and complete acquisitions that meet our investment criteria and depends on general market and economic conditions.

Changes in the volume of real estate transactions, the availability of acquisition financing, capitalization rates, interest rates, competition, market conditions or other factors may negatively impact our acquisition opportunities in 2025 and beyond. If we are unable to achieve growth through acquisitions at a rate that is comparable to our historical results, it could materially and adversely affect us. Furthermore, our acquisition volume within each year has not always been consistent on a quarterly basis, nor can we guarantee

16

it will be consistent in the future. As a result, our acquisition results that we report on a quarterly basis may not meet investors’ expectations and could materially and adversely affect us.

We have experienced net losses for the past four years and we may experience additional net losses in the future.

We recorded net losses of approximately $5.6 million and $31.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We may continue to experience net losses in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not achieve the total returns we expect from our future acquisitions, which could materially and adversely affect us.

As we pursue our growth strategy, we may encounter increasingly difficult market conditions that place downward pressure on the total returns we can achieve on our investments. In 2024 and 2025, we experienced an increase in the cost of capital to finance our acquisitions, which may continue in the foreseeable future. In addition, as part of our strategy, we may pursue investments with lower capitalization rates, which are safer but more expensive investments. Accordingly, our future acquisitions may have lower returns on equity than our acquisitions completed in 2022 and earlier. To the extent that our future growth is achieved through acquisitions that yield lower returns, it could materially and adversely affect us. In addition, if we fund future acquisitions with equity issuances, the dilutive impact could outweigh the benefits of acquisitions that achieve lower returns, which also could materially and adversely affect us.

We may not be able to obtain acquisition financing or obtain other capital from third-party sources on favorable terms, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect our growth prospects and our business.

In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required under the Code, among other things, to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain. In addition, we will be subject to income tax at the corporate rate on undistributed taxable income to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including any net capital gain. Because of these distribution requirements, we may not be able to fund future capital needs, including any necessary acquisition financing, or repay debt obligations from operating cash flow. Consequently, we expect to rely, in part, on third-party sources to fund our capital needs. We may not be able to obtain the financing on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on:

•
general market conditions, including, but not limited to, credit availability, marketplace liquidity, inflation and increasing and/or fluctuating interest rates;

•
the market’s perception of our growth potential;

•
our current cash and debt levels;

•
our current and expected future earnings;

•
the composition and performance of our portfolio;

•
our cash flow and cash distributions; and

•
the market price per share of our Common Stock.

If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire individual tenant net-leased properties when strategic opportunities exist, meet the capital and operating needs of our existing properties, or satisfy our debt service obligations, any of which could materially and adversely affect us.

We may not be able to effectively manage our growth and any failure to do so could materially and adversely affect us.

We have grown rapidly and our growth strategy depends significantly on continued growth through acquisitions. Our future operating results will depend on our ability to effectively manage this growth. To accomplish this, we will need to:

•
invest in enhanced operational systems that can scale as our portfolio grows in size, including recent investments in updated systems;

•
attract, integrate, and retain operations personnel as our Company grows in complexity, including our recent hires of additional employees that could add to our expenses; and

•
identify, supervise and/or implement a number of suitable third-parties to provide services to us.

We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to effectively manage our growth, which could materially and adversely affect us.

17

As we continue to acquire properties pursuant to our growth strategy, our portfolio may become less diversified which could materially and adversely affect us.

In pursuing our growth strategy, we may acquire properties that cause our portfolio to become less diversified based on tenants, brands or geographic reach. If our portfolio becomes less diverse in any respect, our business may become subject to greater risk, including tenant bankruptcies, adverse industry trends, and economic downturns in a particular industry or geographic area. As a result, if any such risks of a less diversified portfolio are realized, we could be materially and adversely affected.

We face increasing competition for acquiring properties from publicly traded REITs and companies, private institutional investors and business operators that may or may not have greater resources than we do, which could materially and adversely affect us.

The market for and other properties in the United States is highly competitive. We are facing increasing competition for properties from a diverse group of other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including publicly traded and privately held REITs, public companies, private institutional real estate investors, sovereign wealth funds, banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, investment banking firms, lenders, specialty finance companies, individuals, family offices and other entities. In addition, we face competition for acquisition opportunities from business operators that prefer to own, rather than lease space. Some of our competitors are larger and may have considerably greater financial, technical, leasing, underwriting, marketing, and other resources than we do. Some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that may not be available to us. In addition, other competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments and may not be subject to the same operating constraints, including maintaining REIT status or maintaining lower yield requirements. This competition may result in fewer acquisitions, higher prices, lower yields, less desirable properties, and acceptance of greater risk. As a result, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to successfully execute our growth strategy. Any failure to grow through acquisitions as a result of the increasing competition we face could materially and adversely affect us.

We face significant competition for tenants, which could materially and adversely affect us, including our occupancy, rental rates, and results of operations.

We compete for tenants to occupy our properties in all of our markets with numerous developers, owners, and operators of properties, as well as owner occupied businesses, many of which own properties in the same markets in which our properties are located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates or below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, we may lose existing or potential tenants or we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates or to offer more substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights, or below-market renewal options to retain tenants when our leases expire. Competition for tenants could decrease the rental rates we achieve and/or negatively impact the occupancy rates of our properties, which could materially and adversely affect us.

The departure of any of our key personnel with long-standing business relationships could materially and adversely affect us.

Our success and our ability to manage anticipated future growth depend, in large part, upon the efforts of our key personnel, particularly Mr. Stephen Preston, our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Preston has extensive market knowledge and relationships and exercise substantial influence over our operational, financing, acquisition, and disposition activity. If we lost his services, our network of external relationships and resources would be materially diminished.

Our senior management team has significant net-lease real estate, acquisition, development, finance, and capital markets experience, including working together since 2016 to collectively build our portfolio and manage our operations from the ground up. Our senior management team has a strong investment track record with long-standing experience with properties beginning in 1999. During this time, our team has developed a reputation as a proven and focused buyer of properties. The departure of our Chief Executive Officer or any other member of our senior management team, or our inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, could adversely affect our business, diminish our investment opportunities, and weaken our relationships with lenders, business partners, existing and prospective tenants, and industry personnel, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Tenant demand for properties may decline, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Tenant demand for properties historically has been adversely affected by, among other things, weakness in the national, regional and local economies, including in regions in which we operate, the adverse financial condition of our tenants, consolidation in the industries in which our tenants operate and an excess amount of properties in some markets and rents and operational costs that make unattractive to tenants. Any of these conditions may arise in the future and are likely to negatively affect demand for properties and could materially and adversely affect us.

18

Our portfolio is concentrated in certain states and MSAs and any adverse developments and/or economic downturns in these geographic markets could materially and adversely affect us.

As of December 31, 2025, approximately 41.4% of our ABR came from properties in our top five states: Illinois (14.9%), Texas (8.3%), Georgia (7.3%), North Carolina (6.0%), and Florida (4.9%). Also, as of December 31, 2025 approximately 30.4% of our ABR came from properties in our top five MSAs: the Chicago area (13.9%), the Atlanta area (6.7%), the Dallas-Fort Worth area (3.3%), the Philadelphia area (3.3%) and the Richmond area (3.1%). These geographic concentrations could adversely affect our operating performance if conditions become less favorable in any of the states or markets within which we have a concentration of properties. We can provide no assurance that any of our markets will grow, will not experience adverse developments, or that underlying real estate fundamentals will be favorable to owners and operators of service-oriented businesses, such as restaurants, cellular stores, financial institutions, automotive stores and dealers, medical and dental providers, pharmacies, convenience and gas stores, car washes, home improvement stores, grocery stores, professional services as well as general retail tenants. A downturn in the economy in the states or regions in which we have a concentration of properties, or markets within such states or regions including MSAs, or a slowdown in the demand for our tenants’ businesses caused by adverse economic, regulatory, or other conditions could adversely affect our tenants’ operating businesses in those states, regions or MSAs and impair their ability to pay rent to us, which, in turn could materially and adversely affect us.

Our portfolio of properties is also concentrated in certain tenant brands and industries, and any adverse developments relating to one or more of these brands or industries could materially and adversely affect us.

As of December 31, 2025, approximately 16.0% of our ABR came from medical and dental providers, 12.7% from QSR tenants, 11.2% from casual dining tenants, 10.8% from other service oriented tenants, and 8.9% from financial institutions. Any adverse developments in one or more of these industries could materially and adversely affect us. For example, labor shortages, wages, including changes in the minimum wage, supply chain issues and general operational costs have particularly affected the restaurant, healthcare services and automotive sectors. Changes in technology could impact the viability of many of our tenant industries. In addition, we are subject to increased risks related to the concentration of specific restaurant brands such as IHOP, Wendy’s and Chili’s. If our QSR, full-service restaurant, banking, medical and dental, cellular or automotive tenants suffer weakening demand for their goods or services, it could adversely affect their ability to meet their rent and other obligations under their leases with us. It also may be difficult and expensive to re-tenant an property designed for a particular industry with a new tenant that operates in an industry requiring a different property type. As a result, any adverse developments in one or more of our concentrated industries could materially and adversely affect us.

Our portfolio of properties is concentrated among tenants with non-investment grade credit ratings, and any adverse developments affecting the credit of these tenants could materially and adversely affect us.

As of December 31, 2025, approximately 65.2% of our tenants had a credit rating below investment-grade, or were unrated, as a percentage of our ABR. Any adverse developments in the business or prospects of these tenants could materially and adversely affect us. For example, according to S&P Global Ratings Credit Research and Insights, as of September 30, 2023, in every year since 1981 speculative-grade rated companies defaulted at higher rates than investment-grade rated companies. Similarly, in Moody’s Investor Services Annual Corporate Default Study: Corporate Default and Recover Rates, 1920-2015, the cumulative five-year average default rate is linearly correlated with a company’s credit rating. If tenants with credit ratings below investment-grade, or tenants without credit ratings, suffer weakening demand for their goods or services, it could adversely affect their ability to meet their rent and other obligations under their leases with us. As a result, any adverse developments to one or more of our tenants that have credit ratings below investment-grade, or tenants without credit ratings, could materially and adversely affect us.

Our assessment that many of our tenants’ businesses are e-commerce resistant may prove to be incorrect, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Our tenants, including restaurants, pharmacies, financial institutions, convenience and gas stores, general retail stores, and other industries are increasingly affected by ecommerce and changes in customer buying habits, including the delivery or curbside pick-up of items ordered online. Many retail tenants sell goods that have historically been less likely to be purchased online (such as restaurants, pharmacies, automotive stores and dealers and gas stations), however, the continuing increase in ecommerce sales in all retail categories (including online orders for immediate delivery or pick-up in store) may cause retailers to adjust the size or number or character of retail locations in the future or close stores. Changes in shopping trends as a result of the growth in ecommerce may affect the profitability of retailers, including our tenants, that do not adapt to changes in market conditions. We cannot predict with certainty what consumers will want, what future retail spaces for properties will look like, or how much revenue will be generated at traditional brick and mortar. If we or our tenants are unable to anticipate and respond promptly to trends in the market (such as space for a drive through or curbside pickup), we may be materially and adversely affected.

19

The decrease in demand for restaurant properties may materially and adversely affect us.

As of December 31, 2025, tenants in the restaurant industry represented approximately 23.9% of our ABR. In the future, we may acquire additional restaurant properties. Accordingly, decreases in the demand for restaurant properties may have a greater adverse effect on us than if we had fewer investments in this industry. The market for restaurant properties has been, and could continue to be, adversely affected by weakness in the national, regional, and local economies, the adverse financial condition of some large restaurant companies, the ongoing consolidation in the restaurant industry, local, state or federal mandated closures or occupancy changes and the excess amount of restaurant properties in a number of markets. For example, in recent years a number of companies in the restaurant industry have declared bankruptcy, gone out of business, or significantly reduced the number of their locations. As a result, we have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, challenges with some of our restaurant tenants, and have recorded asset impairments, which were immaterial on a consolidated basis, on certain assets as a result of increased credit losses.

To the extent that these conditions continue in the restaurant industry, they are likely to negatively affect market rents for such properties and could materially and adversely affect us.

If one or more of our top 20 tenant brands, which together represented approximately 39.3% of our ABR as of December 31, 2025, suffers a downturn in their business, it could materially and adversely affect us.

As of December 31, 2025, our top 20 tenant brands together represented approximately 39.3% of our ABR. Our largest tenant brand is Dollar Tree, which leased 14 properties that in the aggregate represent approximately 3.5% of our ABR as of December 31, 2025. One or more of our top 20 tenant brands may experience a material business downturn weakening their financial position and resulting in their failure to make timely rent payments and/or default under their leases. Further, many of our tenant brands, like Verizon, operate more than one property. Any financial difficulties experienced by a tenant brand that operates multiple properties, whether resulting from macroeconomic conditions, management performance or other causes, could also affect other properties operated by that tenant brand. As a result, if one or more of our top 20 tenant brands suffers a downturn, it could materially and adversely affect us.

We may be unable to renew leases, re-lease properties as leases expire, or lease vacant spaces on favorable terms or at all, which, in each case, could materially and adversely affect us.

Our results of operations depend on our ability to continue to successfully lease our properties, including renewing expiring leases, re-leasing properties as leases expire, leasing vacant space, optimizing our tenant mix, or leasing properties on more economically favorable terms. As of December 31, 2025, 14 leases representing approximately 3.4% of our ABR are scheduled to expire during 2026 and 34 leases representing approximately 11.1% of our ABR are scheduled to expire during 2027. Current tenants may decline, or may not have the financial resources available, to renew their current leases, and we cannot assure you that leases that are renewed will have terms that are as economically favorable to us as the expiring lease terms. If our tenants do not renew their leases as they expire, we cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to find new tenants at rental rates equal to or above the current average rental rates or that substantial rent abatements, leasing commissions, tenant improvement allowances, early termination rights, or below-market renewal options will not be required to attract new tenants. We may experience significant costs in connection with re-leasing a significant number of our properties, which could materially and adversely affect us. As of December 31, 2025, four of our properties remained unoccupied. We may experience difficulties in leasing these vacant spaces on favorable terms or at all. Any failure to renew leases, re-lease properties as leases expire, or lease vacant space could materially and adversely affect us.

Our business is subject to significant re-leasing risk, particularly for specialty properties that are suitable for only one use, which could materially and adversely affect us.

The loss of a tenant, either through lease expiration or tenant bankruptcy or insolvency, may require us to spend significant amounts of capital to renovate and or reposition the property before it is suitable for a new tenant and cause us to incur significant costs. In particular, our specialty properties are designed for a particular type of tenant or tenant use. If tenants of specialty properties do not renew or default on their leases, we may not be able to re-lease such properties without substantial capital improvements, which may require significant cost and time to complete. Alternatively, we may not be able to re-lease or sell the property without such improvements or may be required to reduce the rent or selling price significantly. These re-leasing risks could materially and adversely affect us. Further, certain of the current specialty uses may prevent future use of such properties for other purposes. For example, the use of a property as a gas station or car wash may prevent such property from being used for food and beverage service in the future.

We could face issues related to condemnation, government taking, environmental contamination or damage and or destruction of our properties for a number of different reasons.

There are risks that our properties could be damaged or destructed as the result of fire, casualty, terrorism war or other reasons, including natural disasters such as inclement weather, hurricanes, tornados, rain and wind to name a few. In addition, government agencies can condemn or take all or part of a property for many reasons, including road widening or utility construction which could adversely impact our parking counts, access and other factors that could place us in default under our leases. Environmental issues and

20

cleanup related costs, whether caused by our tenants, prior owners or tenants or other third parties can adversely impact tenancies and the viability of our properties and the costs or responsibilities can also extend beyond the properties or land we own.

We may experience tenant defaults, particularly from tenants that do not have an investment grade credit rating, which could materially and adversely affect us.

We depend on the ability of our tenants to meet their obligations to pay rent to us due under our lease for substantially all of our revenue. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 34.8% of our ABR came from tenants that had an investment grade credit rating. A portion of our properties are leased to unrated tenants. Our investments in properties leased to such tenants may have a greater risk of default than investments in properties leased to investment grade tenants. The ability of an unrated tenant to meet its rent and other obligations under its lease with us may be subject to greater risk than our tenants that have an investment grade rating. There can be no assurance that our tenants will make their payments and not default on their obligations to us. As a result, a tenant may fail to make rental payments when due, decline to extend a lease upon its expiration, fail to maintain the property or otherwise pay its required expenses under the terms of the lease, become insolvent, or declare bankruptcy. An actual or anticipated tenant default, bankruptcy, or vacancy, or speculation in the press or investment community about an actual or anticipated tenant default, bankruptcy, or vacancy may also negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the market price or trading volume of shares of our common stock. When we invest in properties where the tenant does not have a publicly available credit rating, we use certain credit-assessment tools as well as our own estimates of the tenant’s credit rating which includes reviewing the tenant’s financial information (e.g., financial ratios, net worth, revenue, cash flows, leverage, and liquidity, if applicable). Our methods, however, may not adequately assess the risk of an investment and, if our assessment of credit quality proves to be inaccurate, we may be subject to defaults and investors may view our cash flows as less stable. If one or more of our tenants defaults, it could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our underwriting and risk management procedures that we use to evaluate a tenant’s credit risk may fail, or otherwise not accurately reflect the risk of our investment, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Our underwriting and risk management procedures that we use to evaluate a tenant’s credit risk may not be sufficient to identify tenant problems in a timely manner or at all. For tenants without published financial data, it can be difficult to properly monitor or manage changes in credit quality, increasing the possibility of credit risk within the portfolio. Tenant credit ratings, public or implied, however, are only one component of how we assess the risk of tenant insolvency. We also use our own internal estimate of the likelihood of an insolvency or default, based on the regularly monitored performance of our properties and rent collections, our assessment of a tenant’s financial health, including profitability, liquidity, indebtedness, and leverage profile, and our assessment of the health and performance of a tenant’s particular industry. If our assessment of credit quality proves to be inaccurate, we may experience one or more tenant defaults, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

Any failure of one or more tenants to provide accurate or complete financial information could prevent us from identifying tenant problems that could materially and adversely affect us.

We rely on information from our tenants to determine a potential tenant’s credit risk as well as for on-going risk management. As of December 31, 2025, approximately 32.9% of our ABR came from tenants that were required to periodically provide us with specified financial information and approximately 41.0% of our ABR came from tenants that were not required to provide us with specified financial information under the terms of our lease, but were required to file financial statements publicly, either through SEC filings or otherwise. Ratings or conclusions derived from both credit-assessment tools and our internal teams rely on such information provided to us by our tenants and prospective tenants without independent verification on our part, and we are at risk to the extent the estimates and judgments that were made by the party preparing the financial information are not reliable or appropriate. A tenant’s failure to provide appropriate information may interfere with our ability to accurately evaluate a potential tenant’s credit risk or determine an existing tenant’s default risk, the occurrence of either could materially and adversely affect us.

If one or more of our tenants declares bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, then we may encounter significant difficulties in navigating those bankruptcy proceedings, which could materially and adversely affect us.

If a tenant, or the guarantor of a lease of a tenant, commences, or has commenced against it, a bankruptcy proceeding, we may be unable to collect all sums due to us under that tenant’s lease or be forced to “take back” a property as a result of a default or a rejection of a lease by a tenant in a bankruptcy proceeding. If a tenant becomes bankrupt or insolvent, federal law may prohibit us from evicting such tenant based solely upon such bankruptcy or insolvency. In addition, a bankrupt or insolvent tenant may be authorized to reject and terminate its lease or leases with us. Any claims against such bankrupt tenant for unpaid future rent would be subject to statutory limitations that would likely result in our receipt of rental revenues that are substantially less than the contractually specified rent we are owed under the lease or leases. Any or all of the lease obligations of our tenants, or any guarantor of our tenants, could be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding which may bar our efforts to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from these entities or their properties, unless we are able to obtain an enabling order from the bankruptcy court. If our lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we may only have a general unsecured claim against the tenant and may not be entitled to any further payments under the lease. In addition, one or more tenants may

21

be partnerships or limited liability companies. Under certain circumstances, the bankruptcy of the general partner in a partnership or a member of a limited liability company may result in the dissolution of such partnership or limited liability company. The dissolution of a tenant structured as a partnership or a limited liability company, the winding-up of its affairs and the distribution of its assets could result in a default on the related lease. We may also be unable to re-lease a terminated or rejected space or to re-lease it on comparable or more favorable terms. A bankruptcy proceeding could hinder or delay our efforts to collect past due balances and ultimately preclude collection of these sums, resulting in a decrease or cessation of rental payments, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Some of our leases may require us to pay or reimburse tenants for property-related expenses, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Under the terms of some of our leases, we may be required to pay or reimburse specified expenses of the property, such as the costs of roof and structural repairs, real estate taxes, insurance, certain non-structural repairs, maintenance, off-site improvements, and remediation activities (unless necessitated by the tenant), especially if a property becomes vacant. In addition, under some of our leases, the tenant reimbursement obligations for costs related to the operation of the property are subject to caps and exclusions contained within the underlying lease. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we incurred a total of approximately $1.8 million of non-reimbursable expenses. If, however, our properties incur significant expenses in the future that must be paid by us under the terms of our leases, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected and the amount of cash available to meet expenses and to make distributions to our stockholders and unitholders may be reduced.

Some of our tenants operate their businesses under franchise or license agreements, which, if terminated or not renewed prior to the expiration of their leases with us, would likely impair their ability to pay us rent, which could materially and adversely affect us.

As of December 31, 2025, approximately 10.8% of our tenants operated their businesses under franchise or license agreements. Generally, these franchise agreements have terms that end earlier than the respective expiration dates of our leases with these tenants. In addition, a tenant’s rights as a franchisee or licensee typically may be terminated by the franchisor or licensor and the tenant may be precluded from competing with the franchisor or licensor upon termination. Usually, we have no notice or cure rights with respect to a tenant’s termination and have no rights to assignment of any such franchise agreement. A franchisor’s or licensor’s termination or refusal to renew a franchise or license agreement would likely have a material adverse effect on the ability of the tenant to make payments under its lease, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Our business may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. trade policy, including the imposition of tariffs and resulting effects.

Changes in U.S. trade policy may have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations resulting from potential negative effects on the operations of our tenants and/or acquisition opportunities. In connection with the adoption of a new approach to its trade policy, the U.S. government has indicated its willingness to take certain actions, including renegotiating or terminating certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements, the imposition of tariffs on certain foreign goods or an increase in existing tariffs, and the imposition of additional trade restrictions. In March and April 2025, the U.S. government imposed tariffs on goods exported from a significant number of countries, which have and are expected to continue to result in retaliatory measures on U.S. goods. Further, several of the announcements of tariffs by the U.S. government have been followed by announcements of limited exemptions and temporary pauses. These developments have caused substantial uncertainty and volatility in the global markets.

While these developments should not directly affect the Company because of the nature of our operations, they could negatively impact the operations of our tenants to the extent they import or export goods in connection with the operation of their respective businesses, which could in turn negatively impact the ability of our tenants to fulfill their contractual obligations pursuant to our leases, including the payment of rent, which could adversely affect our business.

Security breaches and other technology disruptions could disrupt our operations, compromise our confidential information or information systems and expose us to liability, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Information security risks generally have increased significantly in recent years due to the increased technological sophistication and activities of perpetrators of cyber-attacks. Our business involves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and confidential information, including intellectual property, tenants’ information, private information about our stockholders and our employees, and financial and strategic information about us. We face cybersecurity risks that include, among other things: theft, unauthorized monitoring, release, misuse, loss, destruction or corruption of confidential and highly restricted data; malware; ransomware; denial of service attacks; phishing and other social engineering compromises; unauthorized access to relevant systems; compromises to networks or devices; or operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems of our information systems. We also face risks from significant disruptions of our information systems, including external networks and systems hosted by third-party service providers. As artificial intelligence (“AI”) technologies become more advanced, cybercriminals are developing more sophisticated attack methods. Such methods include the use of AI to automate and enhance phishing schemes, create advanced malware, and carry out more effective cyberattacks. AI-driven cyber threats could be harder to detect and counteract,

22

which may pose significant risks to our data security and the integrity of our information systems. If such AI-enhanced cyberattacks are successful, they could lead to substantial data breaches, loss of sensitive and confidential information, and significant financial and reputational damage. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attack or cyber-intrusion, including by company insiders, computer hackers, foreign governments, and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity, and sophistication of attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. If we fail to assess and identify cybersecurity risks associated with our operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally, the measures we have implemented to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents may not be effective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive or confidential information, or interference with or disruptions of our networks and related systems or those of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, reputational damage, increased cybersecurity protection, insurance costs and compliance costs, violation of privacy laws, loss of tenants, potential liability, litigation, regulatory actions, and competitive disadvantage. Laws and regulations governing data privacy are constantly evolving. Many of these laws and regulations contain detailed requirements regarding collecting and processing personal information, restrict the use and storage of such information, require notification in the event of a data breach, and govern the effectiveness of consumer consent. Any of the above risks could materially and adversely affect us.

The use of artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that may adversely impact our business and operating results or that of our tenants.

We may adopt and integrate generative artificial intelligence and machine learning (collectively, “AI”) tools into our operations to enhance efficiencies and streamline existing systems. However, the deployment and maintenance of AI tools may entail substantial risks. While these tools hold promise in optimizing processes and driving efficiencies, as with many technological innovations, they also pose inherent risks. These include, but are not limited to, the potential for inaccuracy, bias, intellectual property infringement, or misappropriation, as well as concerns regarding data privacy and cybersecurity. Any of the above risks could materially and adversely affect us.

Our properties may be subject to impairment charges which could materially and adversely affect us, including our financial condition.

We routinely evaluate our real estate investments for impairment indicators. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as market conditions and tenant performance. For example, the early termination of, or default under, a lease by a tenant may lead to an impairment charge. Since our investment focus is on properties leased to one or two tenants, the financial failure of, or other default by, tenants under their lease(s) may result in a significant impairment loss. If we determine that an impairment has occurred, we would be required to make a downward adjustment to the net carrying value of the property, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the impairment charge is recorded. Negative developments in the real estate market may cause management to reevaluate the business and macro-economic assumptions used in its impairment analysis. Changes in management’s assumptions based on actual results may have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates-Impairment of Long-Lived Assets” for a discussion of real estate impairment charges.

We face risks associated with repositioning or construction of real estate projects, which may materially and adversely affect us.

From time to time we expect to engage in repositioning or construction of real estate projects and will therefore face significant risks relating to such activities. We must rely on expected rental income, expense projections and estimates of the fair market value of a property upon completion of repositioning or construction when determining a property’s most economical use. If our projections are inaccurate, or we may pay too much for a property, our return on capital could suffer. Additionally, we may incur costs for construction or repositioning of properties that exceed our original estimates due to factors beyond our control, including, among other things, increased material costs, labor costs, material shortages, supply chain delays or disruptions, or unanticipated technical difficulties. Any occurrence of these events could impact our ability to achieve the expected value of a repositioning or construction project, including, among other things, because of our inability to timely deliver properties in a way that meets tenant needs or because market rents may not increase sufficiently to compensate for the increase in construction or repositioning costs. We may even suspend repositioning or construction projects after construction has begun due to changes in economic conditions or other factors, and this may result in the write-off of costs, payment of additional costs or increases in overall costs if the development project is ever restarted. To the extent any of these events occur, such events may materially and adversely affect us.

Changes in accounting and reporting standards may materially and adversely affect us.

From time to time the FASB and the SEC may change the financial accounting and reporting standards or their interpretation and application of these standards that will govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes could materially and adversely affect our reported financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in restating prior period financial statements. Similarly, these changes could materially and adversely affect our tenants’ reported financial condition or results of operations and affect their preferences regarding leasing real estate.

23

We may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions, which could result in stockholder dilution and limit our ability to sell such assets and materially and adversely affect us.

In the future, we may acquire properties or portfolios of properties through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for OP Units, which may result in stockholder dilution. This acquisition structure may have the effect of, among other things, reducing the amount of tax depreciation we could deduct over the tax life of the acquired properties, and may require that we agree to protect the contributors’ ability to defer recognition of taxable gain through restrictions on our ability to dispose of the acquired properties and/or the allocation of debt to the contributors to maintain their tax bases. These restrictions could limit our ability to sell certain assets of the OP at a time, or on terms, that would be favorable absent such restrictions. As a result, any acquisitions we complete using OP Units could result in stockholder dilution and limit our ability to subsequently sell such assets, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Certain provisions of our leases or loan agreements may be unenforceable, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Our rights and obligations with respect to the leases at our properties, mortgage loans, or other loans are governed by written agreements. A court could determine that one or more provisions of such agreements are unenforceable, such as a particular remedy, a loan prepayment provision or a provision governing our security interest in the underlying collateral of a borrower or lessee. We could be materially and adversely impacted if this were to happen with respect to an asset or group of assets.

We may become subject to litigation, which could materially and adversely affect us.

In the future, we may become subject to litigation, including, but not limited to, claims relating to our operations, past and future securities offerings, corporate transactions, and otherwise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims may result in significant defense costs and potentially significant judgments against us, some of which are not, or cannot be, insured against. We generally intend to vigorously defend ourselves. However, we cannot be certain of the ultimate outcomes of any claims that may arise in the future. Resolution of these types of matters may require us to pay significant fines, judgments, or settlements, which, if uninsured, or if the fines, judgments, and settlements exceed insured levels, could materially and adversely impact us, including our earnings and cash flows. Some litigation matters and/or their resolution may adversely affect the availability or cost of some of our insurance coverage, which could materially and adversely impact us, expose us to increased risks that would be uninsured, and materially and adversely impact our ability to attract directors and officers.

We previously identified a material weakness and a significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting and may identify additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the future, which could materially and adversely affect us and our ability to accurately and timely report our financial results.

As defined in standards established by the PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The identified material weakness required adjustments to our financial statements during the audit. The PCAOB defines “significant deficiency” as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of the financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or detected. While a significant deficiency is considered less severe than a material weakness, it is important enough to merit attention by those responsible for oversight of financial reporting, including the audit committee of a company's board of directors.

If we identify any future material weaknesses or significant deficiencies, we could experience decreased investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and public disclosures, civil litigation, or investigations by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, and we could fail to meet our reporting obligations, which could materially and adversely affect us.

The costs of environmental contamination or liabilities related to environmental laws may materially and adversely affect us.

There may be known or unknown environmental liabilities associated with properties we previously owned, currently own, or may acquire in the future. Under various federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to the environment, as a current or former owner or operator of real property, we may be liable for costs and damages resulting from environmental matters, including the presence or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances, waste, or petroleum products at, on, in, under or migrating from such property, including costs to investigate or clean up such contamination and liability for personal injury, property damage, or harm to natural resources. Laws and regulations governing environmental contamination change and we may be, subject to liability by virtue of these changes. Certain uses of some properties may have a heightened risk of environmental liability because of the hazardous materials used in performing services on those properties, such as industrial properties, car washes, gasoline stations, or auto parts and auto service businesses using petroleum products, paint, machine solvents, and other hazardous materials. Our due diligence team typically undertakes customary environmental diligence prior to our acquisition of any property, including obtaining Phase I environmental site assessments. The Phase I environmental site assessments are limited in scope and therefore may not reveal all environmental conditions affecting a property.

24

For example, Phase I environmental assessments do not include soil sampling or subsurface investigations. Therefore, there could be undiscovered environmental liabilities on the properties we own.

The known or potential presence of hazardous substances on a property may adversely affect our ability to sell, lease, or improve the property, or to borrow using the property as collateral. In addition, environmental laws may create liens on contaminated properties in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. Moreover, if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which they may be used or which businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures.

Our environmental liabilities may include property and natural resources damage, personal injury, investigation, and clean-up costs, among other potential environmental liabilities. These costs could be substantial. Although we obtain insurance for environmental liability in excess of tenant indemnification for certain properties that are deemed to warrant coverage, our insurance may be insufficient to address any particular environmental situation and we may be unable to continue to obtain insurance for environmental matters, at a reasonable cost or at all, in the future. If our environmental liability insurance is inadequate, we may become subject to material losses for environmental liabilities. Our ability to receive the benefits of any environmental liability insurance policy will depend on the financial stability of our insurance company and the position it takes with respect to our insurance policies. If we were to become subject to significant environmental liabilities, we could be materially and adversely affected.

Although our leases generally require our tenants to operate in compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local environmental laws, ordinances, and regulations, and to indemnify us against any environmental liabilities arising from the tenants’ activities on the property, we could nevertheless be subject to liability as a current or previous owner of real estate, including strict liability, by virtue of our ownership interest and may be required to remove or remediate hazardous or toxic substances on, under, or in a property. Further, there can be no assurance that our tenants, or the guarantor of a lease, could or would satisfy their indemnification obligations under their leases. We may face liability regardless of our knowledge of the contamination, the timing of the contamination, the cause of the contamination, or the party responsible for the contamination of the property. Our leases generally require the landlord or a third-party to undertake remediation for the presence, use or release of hazardous materials on the property by the landlord or by any party other than the lessee, provided that the lessee was not responsible for the contamination of the property. Of that subset of leases, most do not permit the landlord to pass the costs of remediation through to the tenant, and some permit the tenant to terminate the lease and seek reimbursement of the tenant’s unamortized development costs if remediation is not completed within a certain timeframe or if the tenant’s use of its premises is interrupted for a certain period of time. If we are required to undertake remediation or if a tenant is permitted to terminate its lease, we could be materially and adversely affected. The cost of compliance, remediation or defense against claims from a contaminated property could materially and adversely affect us.

We could become subject to liability for asbestos-containing building materials in the buildings on our property, which could cause us to incur additional expenses.

Some of our properties may contain, or may have contained, asbestos-containing building materials. Environmental, health, and safety laws require that owners or operators of or employers in buildings with ACM properly manage and maintain these materials, adequately inform or train those who may come into contact with ACM, and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, in the event that ACM is disturbed during building maintenance, renovation, or demolition. These laws may impose fines and penalties on employers, building owners, or operators for failure to comply with these laws. In addition, third parties may seek recovery from employers, owners, or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos. If we become subject to any of these penalties or other liabilities as a result of ACM at one or more of our properties, it could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our properties may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other adverse conditions, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation.

When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Certain uses of our properties are more susceptible to giving rise to mold. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Indoor air quality issues also can stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses, and bacteria. Indoor exposure to airborne toxins or irritants above certain levels can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected property or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from our tenants, employees of our tenants, and others if property damage or personal injury occurs. Thus, conditions related to mold or other airborne contaminants could have a material adverse effect on us.

25

Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate

Our operating results are affected by economic and regulatory changes that impact the commercial real estate market in general, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Our core business is the ownership of properties that are net leased on a long-term basis to businesses generally in the restaurant, cellular store, financial institution, automotive store and dealer, medical and dental provider, pharmacy, convenience and gas store, car wash, home improvement store, grocery stores, professional services and general retail sectors. Accordingly, our performance is subject to risks generally attributable to the ownership of properties, including:

•
inability to collect rents from tenants due to financial hardship, including bankruptcy, financial difficulties, or lease defaults by tenants;

•
changes in global, national, regional, or local economic, demographic, or real estate market conditions in the markets in which we operate, including the supply and demand for individual tenant properties in the restaurant, cellular store, financial institution, automotive store and dealer, medical and dental provider, pharmacy, convenience and gas store, car wash, home improvement store, professional services and general retail sectors;

•
competition from other properties;

•
changes in consumer trends and preferences that affect the demand for products and services offered by our tenants;

•
inability to lease or sell properties upon expiration or termination of existing leases and renewal of leases at lower rental rates;

•
the subjectivity of real estate valuations and changes in such valuations over time;

•
the illiquid nature of real estate compared to most other financial assets;

•
changes in laws, government rules, regulations, and fiscal policies, including changes in tax, real estate, environmental, access closure or changes, condemnation proceedings and zoning laws;

•
changes in interest rates and availability of financing, including changes in the terms of available financing such as more conservative loan-to-value requirements and shorter debt maturities;

•
unexpected expenditures relating to age of building, quality of construction, construction defects and physical or weather-related damage to properties;

•
labor shortages, supply chain issues and increased material and labor costs;

•
the potential risk of functional obsolescence of properties over time;

•
acts of terrorism and war;

•
pandemics and natural disasters;

•
acts of God and other factors beyond our control; and

•
increased competition for real property acquisitions targeted by our investment strategy.

The factors described above are out of our control, and we are unable to predict future changes in such factors. Any negative changes in these factors may cause the value of our real estate to decline, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Global and U.S. financial markets and economic conditions may materially and adversely affect us.

A significant portion of our portfolio is leased to tenants operating businesses that rely on discretionary consumer spending. The success of most of these businesses depends on the willingness of consumers to use discretionary income to purchase their products or services. Our results of operations are sensitive to changes in the overall economic conditions that impact our tenants’ financial condition and leasing practices and a downturn in the economy could cause consumers to reduce their discretionary spending, which could result in tenant bankruptcies or otherwise have an adverse impact on our tenants’ ability to successfully manage their businesses and pay us amounts due under our lease agreements, thereby materially and adversely affecting us. Accordingly, adverse economic conditions such as the imposition of tariffs and their resulting effects, high unemployment levels, fluctuations in interest rates, a decrease in available financing, high inflation, labor and workforce shortages, supply chain issues, tax rates, and fuel and energy costs may have an impact on the results of operations and financial conditions of our tenants. During periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising interest rates and declining demand for real estate may result in a general decline in rents or an increased incidence of defaults under existing leases. A lack of demand for properties could adversely affect our ability to maintain our current tenants and gain new tenants, which may affect our growth and results of operations. Accordingly, a decline in economic conditions could materially and adversely affect us.

26

Our real estate investments are illiquid, which could materially and adversely affect us, including our financial condition and cash flows.

Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to adjust our portfolio promptly in response to economic, financial, investment, or other conditions may be limited. Return of capital and realization of gains, if any, from an investment generally will occur upon disposition or refinancing of the underlying property. We may be unable to realize our investment objective by sale, other disposition, or refinancing at attractive prices within any given period of time, or we may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy. In particular, these risks could arise from weakness in or even the lack of an established market for a property, changes in the financial condition or prospects of prospective purchasers, changes in national or international economic conditions, and changes in laws, regulations, or fiscal policies of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. Further, certain significant expenditures generally do not change in response to economic or other conditions, such as (i) debt service, (ii) real estate taxes, and (iii) operating and maintenance costs. The inability to dispose of a property at an acceptable price or at all, as well as the combination of variable revenue and relatively fixed expenditures may result, under certain market conditions, in reduced earnings and could materially and adversely affect us, including our financial condition and cash flows.

Increases in interest rates may decrease the value of our properties, which could materially and adversely affect us.

During periods of increasing interest rates, real estate valuations have generally decreased as a result of rising capitalization rates, which tend to be positively correlated with interest rates. Consequently, prolonged periods of higher interest rates may negatively impact the valuation of our portfolio which could materially and adversely affect us.

Inflation may materially and adversely affect us and our tenants, which could materially and adversely affect us.

As of December 2025, the CPI rose 2.7% year over year before seasonal adjustment. Federal policies and recent global events, such as high housing costs, rising food and energy prices, increases in costs for services and upward pressure from tariffs, may have exacerbated, and may continue to exacerbate, increases in the CPI.

A sustained or further increase in inflation could have a negative impact on variable-rate debt we and our tenants currently have or that we or our tenants may incur in the future. During times when inflation is greater than the increases in rent provided by many of our leases, rent increases will not keep up with the rate of inflation. Because tenants are typically required to pay all property operating expenses, increases in property-level expenses at our leased properties generally do not affect us. However, increased operating expenses at vacant properties and the properties for which we are responsible for reimbursing tenants for a limited number of specified expenses could cause us to incur additional operating expenses, which could increase our exposure to inflation. Increased costs may have an adverse impact on our tenants if increases in their operating expenses exceed increases in revenue, which may adversely affect the tenants’ ability to pay rent owed to us, which in turn could materially and adversely affect us. Inflation may also have an adverse effect on consumer spending, which could impact our tenants’ revenues and their ability to pay rent owed to us. Any of these factors could materially and adversely affect us.

Natural disasters, terrorist attacks, other acts of violence or war, or other catastrophic events could materially and adversely affect us.

Natural disasters, terrorist attacks, other acts of violence or war, or other catastrophic events (e.g., hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, or other types of natural disasters or wars or other acts of violence) could cause damage to our properties, materially interrupt our business operations (or those of our tenants), cause consumer confidence and spending to decrease, or result in increased volatility in the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and economy. Such occurrences also could result in or prolong an economic recession in the United States. We own properties in regions that have historically been impacted by natural disasters and it is probable such regions will continue to be impacted by such events. If a disaster occurs, we could suffer a complete loss of capital invested in, and any profits expected from, the affected properties. Any of these occurrences could materially and adversely affect us.

We face risks associated with climate change, which could materially and adversely affect us.

As a result of climate change, our properties in certain markets could experience increases in storm intensity, flooding, drought, wildfires, rising sea levels, and extreme temperatures. The potential physical impacts of climate change on our properties are uncertain and would be particular to the geographic circumstances in areas in which we own property. Over time, these conditions could result in volatile or decreased demand for certain of our properties or, in extreme cases, the inability of our tenants to operate the properties at all. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of insurance (or making insurance unavailable), increasing the cost of energy at our properties, or requiring us to spend funds to repair and protect our properties against such risks. In addition, we also face business trend-related climate risks as investors, employees and other stakeholders are increasingly taking into account ESG factors, including climate risks. Our reputation and investor relationships could be damaged as a result of our involvement with certain industries or assets associated with activities perceived to be causing or exacerbating climate change, as well as any decisions

27

we make to continue to conduct or change our activities in response to considerations relating to climate change. Moreover, compliance with new laws or regulations related to climate change, including compliance with “green” building codes, water use measures or other laws or regulations relating to reduction of carbon footprints, greenhouse gas emissions or land use, may require us to make improvements to our existing properties or increase taxes and fees assessed on us or our properties. Any of these occurrences could materially and adversely impact us.

Our inability to effectively monitor and respond to the rapid and ongoing developments and expectations regarding our ESG practices may materially and adversely affect us.

There is an increasing focus from certain investors and other stakeholders concerning corporate responsibility, specifically related to ESG factors. Some investors may use these factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in our securities if they believe our policies relating to corporate responsibility are inadequate. Third-party providers of corporate responsibility ratings and reports on companies have increased in number, resulting in varied and in some cases inconsistent standards. In addition, the criteria by which companies’ corporate responsibility practices are assessed are evolving, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. Alternatively, if we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria or do not meet the criteria of a specific third-party provider, some investors may conclude that our policies with respect to corporate responsibility are inadequate. We may face reputational damage in the event that our corporate responsibility procedures or standards do not meet the standards set by various constituencies. Furthermore, if our competitors’ corporate responsibility performance is perceived to be greater than ours, potential or current investors may elect to invest with our competitors instead. In addition, in the event that we communicate certain initiatives and goals regarding ESG matters, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy any of the expectations of third-party providers of corporate responsibility ratings, investors, tenants and other stakeholders, or our initiatives are not executed as planned, our reputation and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

Insurance on our properties may not adequately cover all losses and any uninsured losses could materially and adversely affect us.

Our tenants are generally required to maintain comprehensive insurance coverage for the properties they lease from us pursuant to our net leases. Pursuant to such leases, our tenants are generally required to name us (and any of our lenders that have a mortgage on the property leased by the tenant) as additional insureds on their liability policies and additional named insureds and/or loss payees (or mortgagee, in the case of our lenders) on their property policies. To the extent that our tenants do not name us as additional insureds on their liability policies, this may create a risk for us regarding coverage for any losses or liabilities associated with such properties. Additionally, most tenants are required to maintain casualty coverage and most are required to carry limits at 100% of replacement cost, although some of our leases allow tenants to self-insure their insurance obligations for casualty losses. Depending on the location of the property, losses of a catastrophic nature, such as those caused by casualty, earthquakes and floods, may be covered by insurance policies that are held by our tenant with limitations such as large deductibles or co-payments that a tenant may not be able to meet. In addition, losses of a catastrophic nature, such as those caused by wind/hail, hurricanes, terrorism, or acts of war, may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. In the event there is damage to our properties that is not covered by insurance and such properties are subject to recourse indebtedness, we will continue to be liable for the indebtedness, even if these properties are irreparably damaged. In addition, if uninsured damage to a property occurs or a loss exceeds policy limits and we do not have adequate cash to fund repairs, we may be forced to sell the property at a loss or to borrow capital to fund the repairs.

Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors, including terrorism or acts of war, may make any insurance proceeds we receive insufficient to repair or replace a property if it is damaged or destroyed. In that situation, the insurance proceeds received may not be adequate to restore our economic position with respect to the affected real property. Also, if we experience a substantial or comprehensive loss of one of our properties, we may not be able to rebuild such property to its existing specifications without significant capital expenditures which may exceed any amounts received pursuant to insurance policies, as reconstruction or improvement of such a property would likely require significant upgrades to meet zoning and building code requirements. The loss of our capital investment in or anticipated future returns from our properties due to material uninsured losses could materially and adversely affect us.

Our costs of compliance with laws and regulations may require us or our tenants to make unanticipated expenditures that could reduce the investment return of our stockholders.

All real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to numerous federal, state, and local laws and regulations. We cannot predict what laws or regulations will be enacted in the future, how future laws or regulations will be administered or interpreted, or how future laws or regulations will affect us or our properties. For example, we may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with applicable fire and safety regulations, building codes, the ADA, environmental regulations, and other land use regulations, and may be required to obtain approvals from various authorities with respect to our properties, including prior to acquiring a property or when undertaking improvements of any of our existing properties. Compliance with new laws or

28

regulations, or stricter interpretation of existing laws, may require us or our tenants to incur significant expenditures, impose significant liability, restrict or prohibit business activities, and could materially and adversely affect us.

Compliance with the ADA may require us to make unanticipated expenditures that could materially and adversely affect us.

Our properties are subject to the ADA. Under the ADA, all public accommodations must meet federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with the ADA requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of fines by the U.S. government or an award of damages to private litigants, or both. While our tenants are obligated by law to comply with the ADA and typically obligated under our leases to cover costs associated with compliance, if required changes involve greater expenditures than anticipated or if the changes must be made on a more accelerated basis than anticipated, the ability of our tenants to cover costs could be adversely affected. We could be required to expend our own funds to comply with the provisions of the ADA, which could materially and adversely affect us.

Compliance with fire, safety, environmental, and other regulations may require us to make unanticipated expenditures that could materially and adversely affect us.

We are required to operate our properties in compliance with fire and safety regulations, building codes, environmental regulations, and other land use regulations, as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies and become applicable to our properties. We may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with those requirements and may be required to obtain approvals from various authorities with respect to our properties, including prior to acquiring a property or when undertaking improvements of any of our existing properties. We cannot assure you that existing laws and regulatory policies will not materially and adversely affect us or the timing or cost of any future acquisitions or improvements, or that additional regulations will not be adopted that increase such delays or result in additional costs. Additionally, failure to comply with any of these requirements could result in the imposition of fines by governmental authorities or awards of damages to private litigants. While we intend to only acquire properties that we believe are currently in substantial compliance with all regulatory requirements, these requirements may change and new requirements may be imposed which would require significant unanticipated expenditures by us and could materially and adversely affect us.

We may obtain only limited warranties when we acquire a property and may only have limited recourse if our acquisitions subject us to unknown liabilities.

The seller of a property often sells the property in its “as is” condition on a “where is” basis and “with all faults,” without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will survive for only a limited period after the closing. The acquisition of, or purchase of, properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all of our invested capital in the property, lose rental income from that property or may be subject to unknown liabilities with respect to such properties.

Risks Related to Debt Financing

As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $314.3 million principal balance of indebtedness outstanding (net of fees), which may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations.

As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $314.3 million of total debt outstanding (net of fees), consisting of borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan with a variable interest rate of SOFR plus 1.15% and a maturity date of October 2027. We have incurred, and plan to incur in the future, financing through borrowings under an acquisition line, our Revolving Credit Facility, our Term Loan, and mortgage loans secured by some or all of our properties. In some cases, the mortgage loans we incur are guaranteed by us, the OP, or both. We may also borrow funds if necessary to satisfy the requirement that we distribute to stockholders as dividends at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain), or otherwise as is necessary or advisable to assure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements could have significant adverse consequences, including the following:

•
our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments;

•
cash interest expense and financial covenants relating to our indebtedness, including covenants in our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan restrict us from paying distributions if a default or event of default exists, other than distributions required to maintain our REIT status, may limit or eliminate our ability to make distributions to holders of our Common Stock;

•
we may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms, which could, among other things, adversely affect our ability to capitalize upon investment opportunities or meet operational needs;

29

•
we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the terms of our original indebtedness;

•
because a portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates, increases in interest rates would increase our interest expense;

•
we may be unable to hedge floating rate debt, counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under any hedge agreements we enter into, such agreements may not effectively hedge interest rate fluctuation risk, and, upon the expiration of any hedge agreements we enter into, we would be exposed to then-existing market rates of interest and future interest rate volatility;

•
we may be forced to dispose of properties, possibly on unfavorable terms or in violation of certain covenants to which we may be subject;

•
we may default on our obligations and the lenders or mortgagees may foreclose on our properties or our interests in the entities that own the properties that secure their loans and receive an assignment of rents and leases;

•
any foreclosures by lenders of our properties could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code;

•
we may be restricted from accessing some of our excess cash flow after debt service if certain of our tenants fail to meet certain financial performance metric thresholds;

•
fluctuations in interest rates and available liquidity in the marketplace;

•
we may violate restrictive covenants in our loan documents, which would entitle the lenders to accelerate our debt obligations; and

•
our default under any loan with cross default provisions could result in a default on other indebtedness.

The occurrence of any of these events could materially and adversely affect us.

Market conditions could adversely affect our ability to refinance existing indebtedness on acceptable terms or at all, which could materially and adversely affect us.

We use external financing to refinance indebtedness as it matures and to partially fund our acquisitions. Credit markets may experience significant price volatility, displacement, and liquidity disruptions, including the bankruptcy, insolvency, or restructuring of certain financial institutions. As a result, we may be unable to fully refinance maturing indebtedness with new indebtedness, which could materially and adversely affect us. Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. Currently, our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan carry variable interest rates and are scheduled to mature in October 2027. We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, or at all, and any inability to refinance will materially and adversely affect us. Higher interest rates on newly incurred debt may negatively impact us as well. If interest rates increase, our interest costs and overall costs of capital will increase, which could materially and adversely affect us and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

In addition, we have entered into hedging arrangements and may enter into additional hedging arrangements in the future. Our hedging arrangements may include interest rate swaps, caps, floors and other interest rate hedging contracts. Our hedging arrangements could reduce, but may not eliminate, the impact of rising interest rates, and they could expose us to the risk that other parties to our hedging arrangements will not perform or that the agreements relating to our hedges may not be enforceable.

Our debt obligations may make it difficult to meet the REIT distribution requirements and avoid entity-level taxes.

To qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income each year (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain) and we will be subject to corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income each year (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction). In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. Payments of principal on our borrowings, which are not deductible for tax purposes, may leave us with insufficient cash resources to make the distributions to our stockholders necessary to maintain our REIT status and avoid the payment of income and excise taxes. Furthermore, foreclosures could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which also could hinder our ability to meet those REIT distribution requirements and avoid those entity-level taxes.

30

An increase in market interest rates could increase our interest costs on existing and future debt and could adversely affect our stock price, and a decrease in market interest rates could lead to additional competition for the acquisition of real estate, any of which could materially and adversely affect us.

Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve Board. Interest rate increases would increase our interest costs for any new debt and our variable rate debt obligations we have, which could, in turn, make the financing of any acquisition more expensive as well as lower our current period earnings. Rising interest rates could limit our ability to refinance existing debt when it matures or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing. In addition, an increase in interest rates could decrease the access third parties have to credit, thereby decreasing the amount they are willing to pay to lease our assets and consequently limiting our ability to reposition our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Furthermore, the dividend yield on shares of our Common Stock, as a percentage of the price of such shares, will influence the price of our Common Stock. Thus, an increase in market interest rates may lead prospective purchasers of our shares to expect a higher dividend yield, which could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.

In addition, decreases in interest rates may lead to additional competition for the acquisition of real estate due to a reduction in desirable alternative income-producing investments. Increased competition for the acquisition of real estate may lead to a decrease in the yields on real estate we have targeted for acquisition. In such circumstances, if we are not able to offset the decrease in yields by obtaining lower interest costs on our borrowings, our results of operations will be adversely affected.

Consequently, increases or decreases in market interest rates could materially and adversely affect us.

Disruptions in the financial markets and deteriorating economic conditions could adversely affect our ability to obtain debt financing on commercially reasonable terms and adversely impact our ability to implement our investment strategy and achieve our investment objectives.

The United States and global financial markets have experienced significant volatility and disruption in the past. Recent increases in interest rates have and may continue to adversely affect acquisition yields. During the mid-2000s, there was a widespread tightening in overall credit markets, devaluation of the assets underlying certain financial contracts, and increased borrowing by governmental entities. The turmoil in the capital markets resulted in constrained equity and debt capital available for investment in the real estate market, resulting in fewer buyers seeking to acquire properties, increases in capitalization rates, and lower property values. While capital has generally become more available, future events or sustained negative conditions may also reduce the availability of financing, make financing terms less attractive, as well as impact the value of our investments in properties. If sufficient sources of external financing are not available to us on cost effective terms, we could be forced to limit our planned business activities or take other actions to fund our business activities and repayment of debt such as selling assets or reducing our cash distributions. Uncertainty in the credit markets could also negatively impact our ability to make acquisitions, make it more difficult or impossible for us to sell properties, or adversely affect the price we receive for properties that we do sell, as prospective buyers may experience increased costs of debt financing or difficulties in obtaining debt financing.

We may incur mortgage debt on our properties, which may subject us to certain risks, and the occurrence of any such risk could materially and adversely affect us.

We may incur mortgage debt on a particular property, especially if we believe the property’s projected cash flow is sufficient to service the mortgage debt. In addition, incurring mortgage debt may increase the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders and our loss of the property securing the loan that is in default. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure but would not receive any of the proceeds. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders to the OP or its affiliates. If we give a guaranty on behalf of the OP, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by the OP. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, there is a risk that more than one of our real properties may be affected by a default. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, we could be materially and adversely affected.

We have made mortgage loans to certain buyers of our properties and any default under such loans could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We have in the past, and may in the future continue to, make mortgage loans to extend financing to certain buyers of our properties. We are at a risk of loss on these loans, including losses as a result of defaults on such loans. A default by a borrower on its loan payments to us that would prevent us from earning interest or receiving a return of the principal of our loan could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. In the event of a default, we may also experience delays in enforcing our rights as

31

lender and may incur substantial costs in collecting the amounts owed to us. In the event we have to foreclose on a property, the amount we receive from the foreclosure sale of the property may be inadequate to fully pay the amounts owed to us by the borrower and our costs incurred to foreclose, repossess and sell the property.

Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially and adversely affect us.

To reduce our exposure to variable-rate debt, we have entered into interest rate swap agreements to fix the rate of interest as a hedge against interest rate fluctuations on floating-rate debt. These arrangements involve risks and may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes. In addition, the counterparties to any hedging arrangements we enter into may not honor their obligations. Failure to hedge effectively against changes in interest rates relating to the interest expense of our future floating-rate borrowings may materially and adversely affect us.

Our $250.0 million Revolving Credit Facility and $200.0 million Term Loan bear interest at floating rates based on SOFR plus an applicable margin. The inability or any inefficiency in market participants ability to hedge SOFR-based transactions or the illiquidity or relative illiquidity in the market for SOFR-based instruments may increase the costs associated with SOFR-based debt instruments or our ability to hedge our exposure to floating interest rates.

Our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan contain various covenants which, if not complied with, could accelerate our repayment obligations, thereby materially and adversely affecting us.

We are subject to various financial and operational covenants and financial reporting requirements pursuant to the agreements we have entered into governing our Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan. These covenants require us to, among other things, maintain certain financial ratios, including leverage, fixed charge coverage, and debt service coverage, among others. As of December 31, 2025, we believe we were in compliance with all such covenants. Our continued compliance with these covenants depends on many factors and could be impacted by current or future economic conditions, and thus there are no assurances that we will continue to comply with these covenants. Failure to comply with these covenants would result in a default which, if we were unable to cure or obtain a waiver from the lenders, could accelerate our repayment obligations and thereby have a material and adverse impact on us.

Further, these covenants, as well as any additional covenants to which we may be subject in the future because of additional borrowings, could cause us to forego investment opportunities, reduce or eliminate distributions to our holders of our Common Stock, or obtain financing that is more expensive than financing we could obtain if we were not subject to the covenants. Additionally, these restrictions may adversely affect our operating and financial flexibility and may limit our ability to respond to changes in our business or competitive environment, all of which may materially and adversely affect us.

Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure

Our charter contains provisions, including ownership and transfer restrictions, that may delay, discourage, or prevent a takeover or change of control transaction that could otherwise result in a premium price to our stockholders.

Our charter contains various provisions that are intended to facilitate our qualification as a REIT. For example, our charter restricts the direct or indirect ownership by one person or entity to no more than 9.8% of the value of our then outstanding shares of capital stock and no more than 9.8% of the value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our then outstanding shares of Common Stock unless exempted by our board of directors. This restriction may discourage a change of control of us and may deter individuals or entities from making tender offers for shares of our Common Stock on terms that might be financially attractive to stockholders or which may cause a change in our management. In addition to deterring potential change of control transactions that may be favorable to our stockholders, these provisions may also decrease our stockholders’ ability to sell their shares of our Common Stock. As a result, these charter provisions may negatively impact the market price of our Common Stock.

We have issued, and may in the future issue, preferred stock or separate classes or series of common stock, which could adversely affect the holders of our Common Stock.

Our charter authorizes us to issue up to 500,000,000 shares of capital stock, including up to 450,000,000 shares of Common Stock and up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share (“preferred stock”), and our board of directors, without any action by our stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares or the number of shares of any class or series of stock that we have authority to issue. Holders of shares of our Common Stock do not have preemptive rights to acquire any shares issued by us in the future.

On November 12, 2025, we entered into an investment agreement with Maewyn FVR II LP, Rebound Investment, LP and Petrus Special Situations Fund, L.P. (collectively, the “Purchasers”) and agreed to issue and sell to the Purchasers a total of 750,000 shares of a new series of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. In addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our Common Stock or preferred stock and establish the preferences, rights, and powers of any such stock. As a result, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of preferred stock or separate classes or series of common stock

32

with terms and conditions that could have priority, with respect to distributions and amounts payable upon our liquidation, over the rights of our Common Stock. The terms of our Series A Preferred Stock provide the Purchasers with dividend rights, conversion rights and other preferences, and may include governance or other rights that could influence matters submitted to our board of directors or stockholders. The issuance of shares of such preferred or separate classes or series of common stock, including our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock, could dilute the value of an investment in shares of our Common Stock and in the case of certain series of preferred equity securities, create a priority interest for holders of such series of preferred equity securities. The issuance of shares of preferred stock or a separate class or series of common stock could provide the holders thereof with specified dividend payments and payments upon liquidation prior to or senior to those of the Common Stock, and could also have the effect of delaying, discouraging, or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our Common Stock.

Termination of our employment agreements with certain members of our senior management team could be costly.

The employment agreements that we entered into with certain members of our senior management team provide that if their employment with us terminates under certain circumstances (including in connection with a change in control of our Company), we may be required to pay them significant amounts of severance compensation, thereby making it costly to terminate their employment.

In the event the executive’s termination of employment by the Company without “cause,” by the executive for “good reason” or due to the executive’s death or “disability” (as such terms are defined in the Employment Agreement) outside of the period beginning three months prior to or and ending 24 months following a change in control of the Company (the “Change in Control Window”), the executive is entitled to receive: (i) accrued benefits consisting of unpaid base salary and accrued but unused vacation or paid time off through the date of termination, reimbursement for all reasonable out-of-pocket business expenses incurred and paid by the executive through date of termination, and vested benefits under Company benefit plans (collectively, the “Accrued Benefits”); (ii) a lump sum payment equal to (a) in the case of termination by the Company without “cause” or by the employee for “good reason,” two times in the case of Mr. Preston, one and one-half times, in the case of Mr. Revol, or one times, in the case of Mr. Ireland, the sum of the executive’s base salary and two-year average annual bonus and (b) in the case of termination due to death or “disability,” one and one-half times, in the case of Messrs. Preston and Revol, or one times, in the case of Mr. Ireland, the sum of the executive’s base salary and two-year average annual bonus; (iii) any earned but unpaid annual bonus for the prior calendar year; (iv) an amount equal to the executive’s target bonus for the year of termination, prorated through the date of termination; (v) reimbursement for the executive’s health insurance continuation coverage at the active-employee rate for 18 months, in the case of Messrs. Preston and Revol, or 12 months, in the case of Mr. Ireland; and (vi) full vesting of any outstanding equity awards that are subject solely to time-based vesting conditions.

In the event of the executive’s termination of employment by the Company without cause or by the executive for good reason during the Change in Control Window, the executive is entitled to receive: (i) the Accrued Benefits; (ii) a lump sum payment equal to three times the sum of the base salary and two-year average annual bonus, in the case of Messrs. Preston and Revol, or two times the sum of the executive’s base salary and two-year average annual bonus, in the case of Mr. Ireland; (iii) any earned but unpaid annual bonus for the prior calendar year; (iv) an amount equal to the executive’s target bonus for the year of termination, prorated through the date of termination; (v) payment for the executive’s health insurance continuation coverage at the active-employee rate for 24 months, in the case of Messrs. Preston and Revol, or 18 months, in the case of Mr. Ireland; and (vi) full vesting of any outstanding equity awards that are subject solely to time-based vesting conditions.

Also in the event of a change in control of the Company, if any of the payments or benefits provided for under the Employment Agreement or otherwise payable to the executive would constitute “parachute payments” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code and would be subject to the related excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code, then the executive will be entitled to receive either the full payment of such payments and benefits or a reduced amount of payments and benefits, where the reduced amount would result in no portion of the payments or benefits being subject to the excise tax, whichever results in the greater amount of after-tax benefits being retained by the executive.

In the event of the executive’s termination of employment by the Company for cause, or the executive voluntarily terminates employment (without good reason), the executive will be entitled to receive the Accrued Benefits.

All the severance payments and benefits are conditioned on the executive executing and not revoking a general release of claims for the benefit of the Company and the executive’s continued compliance with the restrictive covenants set forth in the Employment Agreements.

The severance payments included in our employment agreements described above could be costly.

We may experience adverse consequences as a result of the Internalization.

In connection with the closing of the initial public offering, we completed the Internalization, through which we acquired the affiliates of North American Realty Services LLLP (“NARS”) that previously performed external advisory and management services

33

for our Predecessor and the assets reasonably necessary to operate and manage our business. In connection with the Internalization, we onboarded certain employees of NARS or its affiliates, including our entire senior management team, assumed certain contractual relationships, including the assumption of an office lease and certain operating liabilities, and terminated the contractual relationship with NARS and its affiliates. There is no guarantee that the Internalization will be successful or achieve the results in the timeframe we expect or at all.

In addition, as a self-managed REIT, we may encounter unforeseen costs, expenses, and difficulties associated with providing these services on a self-advised basis, which may materially and adversely affect us. While we no longer bear the costs of the various fees and expenses we previously paid to affiliates of NARS under our management arrangement, our direct expenses include general and administrative costs, including legal, accounting, employee compensation and benefits, and other expenses related to corporate governance, including SEC reporting and compliance.

Our ability to recover any loss that we may suffer as a result of the REIT Contribution Transactions and Internalization may be limited.

In connection with the closing of the initial public offering, we entered into the Internalization Agreement and the Contribution Agreements, which contain customary representations and warranties. The representations and warranties of our counterparties to the Contribution Agreements did not survive the closing of the REIT Contribution Transactions and any alleged inaccuracies in or breaches of these representations and warranties, including those made to us, will not serve as the basis for any post-closing indemnification claims. The representations and warranties of our counterparties to the Internalization Agreement will survive until six months following the closing of the Internalization and any alleged inaccuracies in or breaches of these representations and warranties, including those made to us, will serve as the basis for any post-closing indemnification claims, which are subject to a cap and minimum amount to make such claims. There can be no assurance that we would be able to successfully recover any loss that we may suffer arising from a breach of a representation or warranty under the Internalization Agreement, and as a result, we may be materially adversely affected.

Our board of directors may change our investment and financing policies without stockholder approval, which could materially and adversely alter the nature of an investment in us.

The methods of implementing our investment policies and strategy may vary as new real estate development trends emerge, new investment techniques are developed, and market conditions evolve. Our investment and financing policies are exclusively determined by our board of directors and the Real Estate Investment Committee, which is comprised of two members, including our Chief Executive Officer. Accordingly, our stockholders do not control these policies. Further, our organizational documents do not limit the amount or percentage of indebtedness, funded or otherwise, that we may incur. Our board of directors and Real Estate Investment Committee may alter or eliminate our current policy on borrowing at any time without stockholder approval. If this policy changed, we could become more highly leveraged, which could result in an increase in our debt service costs and obligations. Higher leverage also increases the risk of default on our obligations. In addition, a change in our investment policies, including the manner in which we allocate our resources across our portfolio or the types of assets in which we seek to invest, may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, real estate market fluctuations, and liquidity risk. Changes to our policies with regard to the foregoing could materially and adversely affect us.

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.

Maryland law provides that a director of a Maryland corporation will not have any liability as a director if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinary prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. A director who performs his or her duties in accordance with the foregoing standards should not be liable to us or any other person for failure to discharge his or her obligations as a director. Our charter eliminates the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Therefore, our directors and officers are subject to monetary liability resulting only from:

•
actual receipt of an improper personal benefit or profit in money, property, or services; or

•
active and deliberate dishonesty by the director or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.

As a result, we and our stockholders have rights against our directors and officers that are more limited than might otherwise exist. Accordingly, in the event that actions taken by any of our directors or officers impede the performance of our Company, your and our ability to recover damages from such director or officer will be limited. Our charter also requires us to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors and our officers for actions taken by them in those and certain other capacities subject to any limitations under Maryland law or in our charter.

34

Moreover, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against these persons than might otherwise exist absent these provisions in our charter. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by these persons in some cases, which would reduce the cash available for distributions.

Our bylaws designate specific courts in Baltimore, Maryland and the federal district courts of the United States as the exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us.

Our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland, or, if that court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, will be the sole and exclusive forum for (a) any Internal Corporate Claim, as such term is defined in the MGCL, or any successor provision thereof, and any action or proceeding asserting any Internal Corporate Claim, including without limitation: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf (ii) any claim, or any action or proceeding asserting a claim, based on an alleged breach of any duty owed by any director or officer or other employee of ours to us or to our stockholders; or (iii) any claim, or any action or proceeding asserting a claim, against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours arising under or pursuant to any provision of the MGCL, our charter or our bylaws; or (b) any action or proceeding asserting a claim against us or any director or officer or other employee of ours that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. These exclusive forum provisions will not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Furthermore, our bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the exclusive forum for any action or proceeding asserting claims arising under the Securities Act, including all causes of action asserted against any defendant to such action or proceeding. The exclusive forum provision could limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which could discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we could incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions.

We are a holding company with no direct operations and rely on funds received from the OP to pay liabilities.

We are a holding company and conduct substantially all of our operations through the OP. We do not have, apart from an indirect interest in the OP, any independent operations. As a result, we rely on distributions from the OP to pay any distributions we might declare on shares of our Common Stock. We will also rely on distributions from the OP to meet any of our obligations, including any tax liability (to the extent applicable) on taxable income allocated to us from the OP. In addition, because we are a holding company, your claims as stockholders are structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations (whether or not for borrowed money) of the OP and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation, or reorganization, our assets and those of the OP and its subsidiaries will be able to satisfy the claims of our stockholders only after all of our, the OP and its subsidiaries’ liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.

Our UPREIT structure may result in potential conflicts of interest between the interests of our stockholders and limited partners in the OP, which may materially and adversely impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

Conflicts of interest could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and the OP or any future member thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our Company under applicable Maryland law in connection with the management of our Company. At the same time, we, as the general partner of the OP, will have fiduciary duties and obligations to the OP and its limited partners under Delaware law and the OP Agreement in connection with the management of the OP. Our fiduciary duties and obligations, as the general partner of the OP and its limited partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our Company.

While we intend to avoid situations involving conflicts of interest, there may be situations in which the interests of the OP may conflict with our interests. Our activities specifically authorized by or described in the OP Agreement may be performed by us, directly or indirectly, and will not, in any case or in the aggregate, be deemed a breach of the OP Agreement or any duty owed by us to the OP or any of their respective limited partners. In exercising our authority under the OP Agreement, we may, but are under no obligation to, take into account the tax consequences of any action we take. We and the OP have no liability to a limited partner under any circumstances as a result of an income tax liability incurred by such limited partner as a result of an action (or inaction) by us pursuant to our authority under the OP Agreement.

The OP Agreement provides that the general partner will not be liable to the OP, its limited partners, or any other person bound by the OP Agreement for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred, or benefits not derived by the OP or any of its limited partners, except for liability for the general partner’s gross negligence or willful misconduct. Moreover, the OP Agreement provide that the OP, as applicable, is required to indemnify us, the direct or indirect general partner, our affiliates, and certain related persons, and

35

any of our officers, stockholders, directors, employees, representatives, or agents from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of the OP, except if (i) the act was committed in bad faith, (ii) the act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action involved, or (iii) it personally gained in fact a financial income or other advantage to which it was not entitled under law.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced SEC reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Stock less attractive to investors, which could make the market price and trading volume of our Common Stock more volatile and decline significantly.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.235 billion or more (subject to adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the first sale of our Common Stock pursuant to an effective registration statement, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt, or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer.” We intend to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to most other public companies, whether or not they are classified as “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, an exemption from the provisions of Section 404(b) of Sarbanes-Oxley requiring that our independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. An attestation report by our auditor would require additional procedures by them that could detect problems with our internal control over financial reporting that are not detected by management. If our system of internal control over financial reporting is not determined to be appropriately designed or operating effectively, it could require us to restate financial statements, cause us to fail to meet reporting obligations, and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, all of which could lead to a significant decline in the market price of our Common Stock. The JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates for such new or revised standards. We may elect to comply with public company effective dates at any time, and such election would be irrevocable pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act. We cannot predict if investors will find our Common Stock less attractive because we intend to rely on certain of these exemptions and benefits under the JOBS Act. If some investors find our Common Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active, liquid, and/or orderly trading market for our Common Stock and the market price and trading volume of our Common Stock may be more volatile and decline significantly.

The value of an investment in our Common Stock may be reduced if we or any of our subsidiaries are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act and, if we are subject to registration under the Investment Company Act, we will not be able to continue our business.

Neither we, the OP, nor any of our subsidiaries intend to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. If we were obligated to register as an investment company, we would have to comply with a variety of substantive requirements under the Investment Company Act that would impose significant and onerous limitations on our operations, as well as require us to comply with various reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure, and other rules and regulations that would significantly alter our operations and significantly increase our operating expenses.

We believe that we, the OP, and the subsidiaries of the OP do not and will not fall within the definition of “investment company” under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act as we intend to invest primarily in real property through our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries. Accordingly, we believe that we and the OP are and will be primarily engaged in the non-investment company business of such subsidiaries and therefore will not fall within the aforementioned definition of “investment company.”

To ensure that neither we nor any of our subsidiaries, including the OP, are required to register as an investment company, each entity may be unable to sell assets that it would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets that it would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we, the OP, or our subsidiaries may be required to acquire additional income- or loss-generating assets that we might not otherwise acquire or forego opportunities to acquire interests in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire. Although we, the OP, and our subsidiaries intend to monitor our portfolio periodically and prior to each acquisition and disposition, any of these entities may not be able to remain outside the definition of investment company or maintain an exclusion from the definition of investment company. If we, the OP, or our subsidiaries are required to register as an investment company but fail to do so, the unregistered entity would be prohibited from engaging in our business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against such entity. In addition, the contracts of such entity would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of the entity and liquidate its business.

36

U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks

Failure to qualify as a REIT would materially and adversely affect us and the value of our Common Stock.

We elected to qualify to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and the applicable U.S. Treasury regulations, which contain the requirements for qualifying as a REIT and we refer to those requirements in this Form 10-K as the “REIT Requirements,” commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31, 2024. We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner to qualify for taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with such year. We intend to continue to operate as a REIT in the future, but we cannot provide an assurance that we have been or will be able to do so. If we lose our REIT status, we will face significant tax consequences that would substantially reduce our cash available for distribution to our stockholders for each of the years involved because:

•
we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the corporate rate;

•
we could be subject to increased state and local income taxes;

•
unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions of the Code, we (and our successor) could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost; and

•
for the five years following re-election of REIT status, upon a taxable disposition of an asset owned as of such re-election, we would be subject to corporate level tax with respect to any built-in gain inherent in such asset at the time of re-election.

Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce our cash available for, among other things, our operations and distributions to stockholders. If this occurs, we may need to borrow funds or liquidate some of our properties in order to pay any applicable taxes. However, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be required to make distributions to our stockholders. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT also could impair our ability to execute our growth strategy and raise capital, and could materially and adversely affect the trading price of our Common Stock.

Qualification as a REIT involves the application of technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy a number of REIT Requirements, including requirements regarding the ownership of our stock, requirements regarding the composition of our assets and a requirement that at least 75% and 95% of our gross income in any year must be derived from qualifying sources, such as “rents from real property.” Also, we must make distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain. In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations, or court decisions may materially and adversely affect our investors, our ability to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments.

The OP owns all of the common units of two subsidiary REITs (the “Subsidiary REITs”). One Subsidiary REIT elected to be taxed as a REIT, beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2016. The other Subsidiary REIT elected to be taxed as a REIT, beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 2021. If either of the Subsidiary REITs failed to qualify as a REIT, or fails to continue to qualify as a REIT in the future, that Subsidiary REIT would face the same tax consequences described above. In addition, the failure of either of the Subsidiary REITs to qualify as a REIT may prevent us from qualifying as a REIT.

Even if we qualify and remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

Even if we qualify and remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may still be subject to some U.S. federal, state, and local income, property, and excise taxes on our income or property. For example:

•
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain), and to the extent that we satisfy the distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and including our net capital gain), we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on the undistributed income, as well as applicable state and local income taxes.

•
If we should fail to distribute, or fail to be treated as having distributed, with respect to each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts actually distributed and (b) the amounts we retained and upon which we paid U.S. federal income tax at the corporate level.

37

•
If we have (i) net income from the sale or other disposition of “foreclosure property” that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (ii) other non-qualifying net income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate on such income. To the extent that income from “foreclosure property” is otherwise qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, this tax is not applicable.

•
If we have net income from prohibited transactions (which are, in general, certain sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, other than sales of foreclosure property and sales that qualify for certain statutory safe harbors), such income will be subject to a 100% tax.

•
We may be subject to tax on gain recognized in a taxable disposition of assets acquired from a non-REIT C corporation by way of a carryover basis transaction, when such gain is recognized on a disposition of an asset during a five-year period beginning on the date on which we acquired the asset. To the extent of any “built-in gain,” such gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the federal corporate income tax rate. Built-in gain means the excess of (i) the fair market value of the asset as of the beginning of the applicable recognition period over (ii) our adjusted basis in such asset as of the beginning of such recognition period.

Similarly, even if the Subsidiary REITs remain qualified as REITs for U.S. federal income tax purposes, they may be subject to the same U.S. federal, state and local income, property, and excise taxes on their income or property. In addition, the earnings of our taxable REIT subsidiaries (each, a “TRS) are subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax, and state and local income tax in the jurisdictions in which they operate.

If the OP fails to qualify as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.

We believe that the OP will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a partnership, the OP would generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, if the OP is treated as a partnership, each of its partners, including us, would be allocated, and may be required to pay tax with respect to, such partner’s share of its income. The OP may be required to determine and pay an imputed underpayment of tax (plus interest and penalties) resulting from an adjustment of the OP’s items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit at the partnership level. We cannot assure you that the IRS will not challenge the status of the OP or any other applicable subsidiary in which we own an interest as a disregarded entity or partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating the OP or any such other subsidiary as an entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, we would cease to qualify as a REIT. Also, the failure of the OP or any applicable subsidiary to qualify as a disregarded entity or partnership could cause it to become subject to U.S. federal and state corporate income tax, which would reduce significantly the amount of cash available for debt service and for distribution to its partners, including us.

To satisfy the REIT distribution requirements, we may be forced to take certain actions to raise funds if we have insufficient cash flow which could materially and adversely affect us and the trading price of our Common Stock.

To qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income each year, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain, and we will be subject to corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income each year and including our net capital gain, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. In order to satisfy these distribution requirements to maintain our REIT status and avoid the payment of income and excise taxes, we may need to take certain actions to raise funds if we have insufficient cash flow, such as borrowing funds, raising additional equity capital, selling a portion of our assets or finding another alternative to make distributions to our stockholders. We may be forced to take those actions even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for those actions. This situation could arise from, among other things, differences in timing between the actual receipt of cash and recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures or other non-deductible expenses, the creation of reserves, or required debt or amortization payments. Such actions could increase our costs and reduce the value of our Common Stock. These sources, however, may not be available on favorable terms or at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends on a number of factors, including the market’s perception of our growth potential, our current debt levels, the market price of our Common Stock, and our current and potential future earnings. We cannot assure you that we will have access to such capital on favorable terms at the desired times, or at all, which may cause us to curtail our investment activities and/or to dispose of assets at inopportune times, and could materially and adversely affect us and the trading price of our Common Stock.

38

Further, to qualify as a REIT, we must also satisfy tests on an ongoing basis concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, nature of our assets, and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at times when it would be more advantageous to reinvest cash in our business or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Compliance with the REIT Requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.

The ownership of our TRSs, and any other TRS we form, are subject to limitations, and our transactions with our TRSs, and any other TRS we form, may cause us to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arm’s-length terms.

Overall, no more than 20% (for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2025) or 25% (for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025) of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. The Code also imposes a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. It is our policy to evaluate material intercompany transactions and to attempt to set the terms of such transactions so as to achieve substantially the same result as they believe would have been the case if they were unrelated parties. As a result, we believe that all material transactions between and among us and the entities in which we own a direct or indirect interest have been and will be negotiated and structured as arm’s-length transactions and that the potential application of the 100% excise tax will not have a material effect on us. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the TRS limitation or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax.

The IRS may treat sale-leaseback transactions as loans, which could jeopardize our REIT status or require us to make an unexpected distribution.

We have purchased properties and leased them back to the sellers of such properties, and may do so in the future. The IRS may take the position that certain of these sale-leaseback transactions that we treat as leases are not “true leases” but are, instead, financing arrangements or loans for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If a sale-leaseback transaction were so re-characterized, the Subsidiary REITs and we might fail to satisfy the REIT asset tests, the income tests, or distribution requirements and consequently the Subsidiary REITs and we could lose REIT status effective with the year of re-characterization unless the Subsidiary REITs and we elect to make additional distributions to maintain REIT status. The primary risk relates to the disallowance of deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such property, which could affect the calculation of REIT taxable income and could cause the Subsidiary REITs and us to fail the REIT distribution requirement that requires a REIT to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and any net capital gain. In this circumstance, the Subsidiary REITs and we may elect to distribute additional dividends of the increased taxable income so as not to fail the REIT distribution test. This distribution would be paid to all stockholders at the time of declaration rather than the stockholders that held our shares in the taxable year affected by the re-characterization.

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

The maximum U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts, and estates is 20%. Ordinary dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the 20% rate applicable to “qualified dividends” except to the extent the REIT dividends are attributable to “qualified dividends” received by the REIT itself or generally attributable to income upon which we (or a Predecessor) have paid U.S. federal corporate income tax. However, for non-corporate U.S. stockholders, ordinary dividends payable by REITs that are not designated as capital gain dividends or treated as “qualified dividends” generally are eligible for a deduction of 20% of the amount of such ordinary REIT dividends. The deduction, if allowed in full, equates to a maximum effective U.S. federal income tax rate on ordinary REIT dividends of 29.6%, based on currently applicable rates. More favorable rates will nevertheless continue to apply for regular corporate “qualified dividends.” Although these rules do not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, to the extent that the 20% rate continues to apply to regular corporate qualified dividends, investors who are individuals, trusts and estates may regard investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations.

The tax imposed on REITs engaging in “prohibited transactions” may limit our ability to engage in transactions which would be treated as sales for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Although we do not intend to hold any properties that would be characterized as held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business, unless a sale or disposition qualifies under certain statutory safe harbors, such characterization is a factual determination and no guarantee can be given that the IRS would agree with that characterization of those properties or that we will always be able to make use of the available safe harbors.

39

Complying with the REIT Requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our assets and liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction that we enter into to manage the risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets, or from certain terminations of such hedging positions, does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests that apply to REITs, provided that certain identification requirements are met. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions or fail to properly identify such transaction as a hedge, the income is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may be required to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because any TRS in which we own an interest may be subject to tax on its income or gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in any TRS in which we own an interest will generally not provide any tax benefit, except that such losses may only be carried forward and may only be deducted against 80% of future taxable income in such TRS.

Complying with the REIT Requirements may force us to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments.

To qualify as REITs, the Subsidiary REITs and we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the nature and diversification of its assets, the sources of its income, and the amounts it distributes to its stockholders. In connection with the internalization transaction in connection with our IPO we were treated as having acquired substantial amounts of goodwill that may not qualify for the 75% asset test. Compliance with these limitations, particularly given the goodwill that we acquired in the Internalization, may hinder our ability to make, and, in certain cases, maintain ownership of certain attractive investments that might not qualify for the 75% asset test. If any Subsidiary REIT or we fail to comply with the REIT asset test requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, it must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing its REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate or forgo otherwise attractive investments in order to satisfy the asset and income tests or to qualify under certain statutory relief provisions. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income, increasing our income tax liability, and reducing amounts available for distribution to our stockholders. In addition, we may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution, and may be unable to pursue investments (or, in some cases, forego the sale of such investments) that would be otherwise advantageous to the Subsidiary REITs and us in order to satisfy the REIT Requirements. Accordingly, satisfying the REIT Requirements could materially and adversely affect us. Moreover, if we are compelled to liquidate our investments to meet any of these asset, income, or distribution tests, or to repay obligations to our lenders, we may be unable to comply with one or more of the REIT Requirements or may be subject to a 100% tax on any resulting gain if such sales constitute prohibited transactions.

Changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws could have a material and adverse effect on us and our stockholders.

There may be changes in U.S. federal tax laws, regulations, rules, and judicial and administrative interpretations applicable to us, our subsidiaries and their businesses, the effect of which cannot be predicted. Our stockholders and prospective investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory, or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in shares of our Common Stock.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The market price and trading volume of shares of our Common Stock may be volatile.

The market price of shares of our Common Stock may fluctuate. In addition, the trading volume in shares of our Common Stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. Historically, these changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Hence, the price of our Common Stock could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with us in particular. If the market price of shares of our Common Stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares of our Common Stock at or above the public offering price. We cannot assure you that the market price of shares of our Common Stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly, including a decline below the public offering price, in the future.

Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the market price or trading volume of shares of our Common Stock include:

•
actual or anticipated declines in our quarterly operating results or distributions;

•
changes in government regulations;

•
changes in laws affecting REITs and related tax matters;

•
the announcement of new contracts by us or our competitors;

•
reductions in our FFO, adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”), or earnings estimates;

•
publication of research reports about us or the real estate industry;

•
increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of shares of our Common Stock to demand a higher yield;

40

•
future equity issuances, or the perception that they may occur, including issuances of Common Stock upon exercise or vesting of Awards under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan or redemption of OP Units;

•
changes in market valuations of similar companies;

•
adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we incur in the future;

•
additions or departures of key management personnel;

•
actions by institutional stockholders;

•
differences between our actual financial and operating results and those expected by investors and analysts;

•
changes in analysts’ recommendations or projections;

•
speculation in the press or investment community; and

•
the realization of any of the other risk factors presented in this report.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the price of their common stock. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, our ability to execute our business strategy, and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

We may not be able to make distributions to our stockholders at the times or in the amounts we expect, or at all.

We intend to make cash distributions to our stockholders in amounts such that all or substantially all of our taxable income in each year, subject to adjustments, is distributed. However, we may not be able to continue to generate sufficient cash flow from our properties to permit us to make the distributions we expect. Our ability to continue to make distributions in the future may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this report. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to make or maintain distributions and certain agreements relating to our indebtedness may, under certain circumstances, limit or eliminate our ability to make distributions to holders of our Common Stock. For instance, our credit agreement contains provisions that restrict us from paying distributions if an event of default exists, other than distributions required to maintain our REIT status. We can give no assurance that rents from our properties will increase, or that future acquisitions of real properties or other investments will increase our cash available for distributions to stockholders. In addition, any distributions will be authorized at the sole discretion of our board of directors, and the form, timing, and amount, if any, will depend upon a number of factors, including our actual and projected results of operations, FFO, AFFO, liquidity, cash flows and financial condition, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements, applicable law, and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.

Distributions are expected to be based upon our FFO, AFFO, financial condition, cash flows and liquidity, debt service requirements, and capital expenditure requirements for our properties. If we do not have sufficient cash available for distributions, we may need to fund the shortage out of working capital or borrow to provide funds for such distributions, which would reduce the amount of proceeds available for real estate investments and increase our future interest costs. Our inability to make distributions, or to make distributions at expected levels, could result in a decrease in trading price of our Common Stock.

We may change the dividend policy for our Common Stock in the future.

The decision to declare and pay dividends on our Common Stock, as well as the form, timing, and amount of any such future dividends, will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, cash flows, liquidity, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual prohibitions or other limitations under our indebtedness, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code, state law, and such other factors as our board of directors considers relevant. Any change in our dividend policy could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock.

Increases in market interest rates may result in a decrease in the value of shares of our Common Stock.

One of the factors that will influence the price of shares of our Common Stock will be the distribution yield on shares of our Common Stock (as a percentage of the price of shares of our Common Stock) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which are currently at low levels relative to historical rates, may lead prospective purchasers of shares of our Common Stock to expect a higher distribution yield and higher interest rates would likely increase our borrowing costs and potentially decrease funds available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the per share trading price of our Common Stock to decrease.

There may be future dilution to earnings related to shares of our Common Stock.

The market price of shares of our Common Stock could decline as a result of issuances or sales of a large number of shares of our Common Stock in the market or the perception that such issuances or sales could occur. Additionally, future issuances or sales of

41

substantial amounts of shares of our Common Stock may be at prices below the initial public offering price of the shares of our Common Stock and may result in further dilution in our earnings and FFO per share and/or materially and adversely impact the per share trading price of our Common Stock.

The rights of the holders of our Common Stock are limited by and subordinate to the rights of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and these rights may have a material adverse effect on the per-share trading price of our Common Stock.

The holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock have rights and preferences generally senior to those of the holders of our Common Stock. The existence of these senior rights and preferences may have a material adverse effect on the per-share trading price of shares of our Common Stock. These rights are more fully set forth in the Articles Supplementary governing our Series A Preferred Stock and include but are not limited to: (i) dividend rights, (ii) rights on liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of us and (iii) redemption rights upon the occurrence of certain events.

We have issued and may continue to issue Series A Preferred Stock that rank senior to our Common Stock in priority of dividend payment and upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of or the Company and redemption rights upon the occurrence of certain events, and we cannot be certain that additional financing will be available on reasonable terms when needed, or at all, which could seriously harm our business.

On February 10, 2026, we issued a total of 250,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to the Purchasers, and we will be required to issue an additional 500,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to the Purchasers in one or more additional closings to occur on or before November 12, 2026. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to a quarterly distribution payable in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 of each year in cash. The Series A Preferred Stock rank senior to our Common Stock with respect to priority of such dividend payments, as well as to rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us and redemption rights upon the occurrence of certain events. As a result, distributions on the Series A Preferred Stock may limit our ability to make distributions to holders of our Common Stock. Holders of shares of our Common Stock bear the risk that our future issuances of equity securities, including additional fundings of the Series A Preferred Stock, will dilute the ownership interest of existing holders of our Common Stock, and may materially adversely affect our results of operations and the per-share trading price of our Common Stock.

In addition, our ability to draw on our Series A Preferred Stock relies on the Purchasers’ continued operation and ability to fund. If we are unable to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, it could materially and adversely affect us.

Future offerings of debt, which would be senior to shares of our Common Stock upon liquidation, and/or preferred equity securities that may be senior to shares of our Common for purposes of distributions or upon liquidation, may materially and adversely affect the market price of shares of our Common Stock.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt or preferred equity securities (or causing the OP to issue debt securities). Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to our stockholders. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences, and privileges more favorable than those of our Common Stock and may result in dilution to owners of our Common Stock. Our stockholders are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on distribution payments that could limit our right to make distributions to our stockholders. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of our future offerings. Our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the per share trading price of our Common Stock.

Sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public markets, or the perception that they might occur, could reduce the price of our Common Stock.

Prior to the initial public offering, our Common Stock was not listed on any national securities exchange and the ability of stockholders to liquidate their investments was limited. As a result, there may be increased demand to sell shares of our Common Stock when shares of our Common Stock owned by the contributing investors are listed on the NYSE and freely tradable. A large volume of sales of shares (or short sales) of our Common Stock (whether they are shares of Common Stock that were issued in the initial public offering, shares of Common Stock that are held by contributing investors upon the closing of the REIT Contribution Transactions, or shares of Common Stock issued upon redemption of OP Units) could decrease the prevailing market price of our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities in the future. Even if a substantial number of sales of our Common Stock are not affected, the mere perception of the possibility of these sales could depress the market price of our Common Stock and have a negative effect on our ability to raise capital in the future.

42

The shares of our Common Stock that we sold in the initial public offering may be resold immediately in the public market unless they are held by “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act. The Common Stock and OP Units issued as consideration in connection with the Internalization are “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act and may not be sold in the absence of registration under the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including the exemptions contained in Rule 144. Certain of our existing stockholders (as well as our directors and officers) have agreed, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell or otherwise dispose of any of their shares of Common Stock or OP Units through April 1, 2025, except with the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters. Sales of a substantial number of such shares upon expiration of the lock-up agreements, the perception that such sales may occur, or early release of these agreements, could cause the market price of our Common Stock to fall or make it more difficult for you to sell your shares of our Common Stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.

Sales of substantial amounts of our capital stock in the public markets may dilute your voting power and your ownership interest in us.

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 450,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. Moreover, under Maryland law and as provided in our charter, a majority of our entire board of directors has the power to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we are authorized to issue without stockholder approval. Future issuances of shares of our Common Stock, securities convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock, or shares of our preferred stock may dilute the ownership interest of the holders of our Common Stock. Because our decision to issue additional equity or convertible or exchangeable securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future issuances. In addition, we are not required to offer any such securities to existing stockholders on a preemptive basis. Therefore, it may not be possible for existing stockholders to participate in such future issuances, which may dilute the existing stockholders’ interests in us.

The holders of outstanding OP Units have the right to have their OP Units exchanged for cash or (at our option) shares of Common Stock and any disclosure of such exchange or the subsequent sale (or any disclosure of an intent to enter into such an exchange or subsequent sale) of such shares of Common Stock may cause volatility in our stock price.

The exchange of OP Units for Common Stock, including OP Units granted to certain directors, executive officers and other employees, or the issuance of our Common Stock or OP Units in connection with future property, portfolio or business acquisitions, or the perception that such exchanges might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock. In addition, the existence of shares of our Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan may adversely affect the terms upon which we may be able to obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities. Future issuances of shares of our Common Stock may also be dilutive to existing stockholders. Any of these events may materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.