EXELON CORP (EXC) FY 2024 MD&A

Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in millions except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

Exelon

Executive Overview

Exelon is a utility services holding company engaged in the energy transmission and distribution businesses through its six reportable segments: ComEd, PECO, BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE. See Note 1 — Significant Accounting Policies and Note 5 — Segment Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding Exelon's principal subsidiaries and reportable segments.

Exelon’s consolidated financial information includes the results of its seven separate operating subsidiary registrants, ComEd, PECO, BGE, PHI, Pepco, DPL, and ACE, which, along with Exelon, are collectively referred to as the Registrants. The following combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is separately filed by Exelon, ComEd, PECO, BGE, PHI, Pepco, DPL, and ACE. However, none of the Registrants makes any representation as to information related solely to any of the other Registrants. For discussion of the Utility Registrants' year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, refer to ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS in the 2023 Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024.

Financial Results of Operations

GAAP Results of Operations. The following table sets forth Exelon's GAAP consolidated Net income attributable to common shareholders from continuing operations by Registrant for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. For additional information regarding the financial results for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, see the discussions of Results of Operations by Registrant.

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(a)Other primarily includes eliminating and consolidating adjustments, Exelon’s corporate operations, shared service entities, and other financing and investing activities.

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Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Net income attributable to common shareholders from continuing operations increased by $132 million and Diluted earnings per average common share from continuing operations increased to $2.45 in 2024 from $2.34 in 2023 primarily due to:

•Favorable impacts of rate increases at BGE and PHI;

•Less unfavorable weather at PECO;

•Higher return on regulatory assets at ComEd;

•Lower contracting costs at PHI;

•A tax repairs deduction at PECO;

•Favorable impacts of multi-year plans reconciliations at Pepco;

•Absence of realized losses from hedging activity at Exelon Corporate;

•Higher transmission peak load due to higher energy demand at ComEd; and

•Lower storm costs at PHI.

Note that rate increases are associated with updated recovery rates for costs and investments to serve customers. The increases were partially offset by:

•Higher interest expense at PECO, BGE, PHI, and Exelon Corporate;

•Lower impacts of multi-year plans reconciliations at BGE;

•Higher depreciation and amortization expense at PECO, BGE, and PHI;

•Lower electric distribution earnings from lower allowed ROE and the absence of a return on the pension asset at ComEd;

•Higher credit loss expense at PECO and BGE;

•Lower carrying cost recovery related to the CMC regulatory asset at ComEd; and

•Higher storm costs at BGE.

Adjusted (non-GAAP) operating earnings. In addition to Net income, Exelon evaluates its operating performance using the measure of Adjusted (non-GAAP) operating earnings because management believes it represents earnings directly related to the ongoing operations of the business. Adjusted (non-GAAP) operating earnings exclude certain costs, expenses, gains and losses, and other specified items. This information is intended to enhance an investor’s overall understanding of year-over-year operating results and provide an indication of Exelon’s baseline operating performance excluding items not considered by management to be directly related to the ongoing operations of the business. In addition, this information is among the primary indicators management uses as a basis for evaluating performance, allocating resources, setting incentive compensation targets, and planning and forecasting of future periods. Adjusted (non-GAAP) operating earnings is not a presentation defined under GAAP and may not be comparable to other companies’ presentations or deemed more useful than the GAAP information provided elsewhere in this report.

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The following table provides a reconciliation between Net income attributable to common shareholders from continuing operations as determined in accordance with GAAP and Adjusted (non-GAAP) operating earnings for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 2023:

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Note:

Amounts may not sum due to rounding.

Unless otherwise noted, the income tax impact of each reconciling item between GAAP Net income and Adjusted (non-GAAP) operating earnings is based on the marginal statutory federal and state income tax rates for each Registrant, taking into account whether the income or expense item is taxable or deductible, respectively, in whole or in part. The marginal statutory income tax rates for 2024 and 2023 ranged from 24.0% to 29.0%.

(a)Represents costs related to the separation primarily comprised of system-related costs, third-party costs paid to advisors, consultants, lawyers, and other experts assisting in the separation, and employee-related severance costs, which are recorded in Operating and maintenance expense and Other, net.

(b)Primarily represents severance and reorganization costs related to cost management.

(c)In 2023, reflects the adjustment to state deferred income taxes due to changes in forecasted apportionment. In 2024, reflects the adjustment to state deferred income taxes due to change in DPL's Delaware net operating loss valuation allowance.

Significant 2024 Transactions and Developments

At-the-Market Program

In the third quarter 2024, Exelon issued approximately 4 million shares of Common Stock at an average gross price of $37.60 per share. The net proceeds from the 2024 issuances were $148 million, which were used for general corporate purposes. See Note 19 — Shareholders' Equity of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Distribution Base Rate Case Proceedings

The Utility Registrants file base rate cases with their regulatory commissions seeking increases or decreases to their electric transmission and distribution, and gas distribution rates to recover their costs and earn a fair return on their investments. The outcomes of these regulatory proceedings impact the Utility Registrants’ current and future financial statements.

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The following tables show the Utility Registrants’ completed and pending distribution base rate case proceedings in 2024. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on these and other regulatory proceedings.

Completed Distribution Base Rate Case Proceedings

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Pending Distribution Base Rate Case Proceedings

Transmission Formula Rates

The following total increases/(decreases) were included in the Utility Registrants' 2024 annual electric transmission formula rate updates. All rates are effective June 1, 2024 to May 31, 2025, subject to review by interested parties pursuant to review protocols of each Utility Registrants' tariff. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

ComEd's FERC Audit

The Utility Registrants are subject to periodic audits and investigations by FERC. FERC’s Division of Audits and Accounting initiated a nonpublic audit of ComEd in April 2021 evaluating ComEd’s compliance with (1) approved terms, rates and conditions of its federally regulated service; (2) accounting requirements of the Uniform System of Accounts; (3) reporting requirements of the FERC Form 1; and (4) the requirements for record retention. The audit period extended back to January 1, 2017.

On July 27, 2023, FERC issued a final audit report which included, among other things, findings and recommendations related to ComEd's methodology regarding the allocation of certain overhead costs to capitalized construction costs under FERC regulations, including a suggestion that refunds may be due to customers for amounts collected in previous years. On August 28, 2023, ComEd filed a formal notice of the issues it contested within the audit report. On December 14, 2023, FERC appointed a settlement judge for the contested overhead allocation findings and set the matter for a trial-type hearing. That hearing process was held in abeyance while a formal settlement process, which began in February 2024, took place.

On July 30, 2024, ComEd reached an agreement in principle on the contested overhead allocation finding. As a result of the settlement process, ComEd recorded a charge for the probable disallowance of $70 million of certain currently capitalized construction costs to operating expenses, which are not expected to be recovered in future rates. The final settlement is subject to FERC approval. The existing loss estimate is reflected in Exelon and ComEd's financial statements as of December 31, 2024. ComEd and FERC staff jointly filed the settlement agreement with FERC for approval on February 11, 2025.

Other Key Business Drivers and Management Strategies

Utility Rates and Rate Proceedings

The Utility Registrants file rate cases with their regulatory commissions seeking increases or decreases to their electric transmission and distribution and gas distribution rates to recover their costs and earn a fair return on their investments. The outcomes of these regulatory proceedings impact the Utility Registrants’ current and future

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results of operations, cash flows, and financial positions. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on these regulatory proceedings.

Allocation of Income Taxes to Regulated Utilities (All Registrants)

In Q2 2024, the IRS issued a series of PLRs, to another taxpayer, providing guidance with respect to the application of the tax normalization rules to the allocation of consolidated tax benefits among the members of a consolidated group associated with NOLC for ratemaking purposes. The rulings provide that for ratemaking purposes the tax benefit of NOLC should be reflected on a separate company basis not taking into consideration the utilization of losses by other affiliates. A PLR issued to another taxpayer may not be relied on as precedent.

For the Registrants, except for PECO, the methodology prescribed by the IRS in these PLRs could result in a reduction of the regulatory liability established for EDITs arising from the TCJA corporate tax rate change that is being amortized and flowed through to customers as well as a reduction in the accumulated deferred income taxes included in rate base for ratemaking purposes of approximately $1.2 billion - $1.7 billion.

Management will continue to work collaboratively with the Registrants’ regulatory commissions to file PLR requests with the IRS confirming the treatment of NOLC for ratemaking purposes. The Registrants will record the impact, if any, upon receiving their own PLRs from the IRS.

Legislative and Regulatory Developments

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

On November 15, 2021, President Biden signed the $1.2 trillion IIJA into law. IIJA provides for approximately $550 billion in new federal spending. Categories of funding include funding for a variety of infrastructure needs, including but not limited to: (1) power and grid reliability and resilience, (2) resilience for cybersecurity to address critical infrastructure needs, and (3) electric vehicle charging infrastructure for alternative fuel corridors. The Registrants continue to evaluate programs under the legislation and consider possible opportunities to apply for funding, either directly or in potential collaborations with state and/or local agencies and key stakeholders. The Registrants cannot predict the ultimate timing and success of securing funding from programs under IIJA.

In March 2023, Exelon, ComEd, and PHI submitted three applications related to the Smart Grid Grants program under section 40107 of IIJA. These applications are focused on replacing existing Advanced Distribution Management Systems (ADMS) in support of DERs and grid-edged technologies, strengthening interoperability and data architecture of systems in support of two-way power flows and accelerating advanced metering deployment in disadvantaged communities. In October 2023, ComEd’s project, Deployment of a Community-Oriented Interoperable Control Framework for Aggregating and Integrating Distributed Energy Resources and Other Grid-Edge Devices, was recommended by the Grid Deployment Office (GDO) for negotiation of a final award up to $50 million. This project will enable ComEd and its local partners to deploy the next generation of grid technologies that support the growth of solar and electric vehicles (EVs), while piloting new local workforce training initiatives to support job creation connected to the clean energy transition. The award negotiation process is complete and funding has been obligated.

In April 2023, ComEd, PECO, BGE, and PHI submitted seven applications related to the Grid Resilience Grants program under section 40101(c) of IIJA. These applications are broadly focused on improving grid resilience with an emphasis on disadvantaged communities, relief of capacity constraints and modernizing infrastructure, deployment of DER and microgrid technologies and providing improved resilience through storm hardening projects. In October 2023, PECO’s project, Creating a Resilient, Equitable, and Accessible Transformation in Energy for Greater Philadelphia (CREATE), was recommended by the GDO for negotiation of a final award up to $100 million. This project will support critical electric infrastructure investments to help reduce the impact of extreme weather and historic flooding on the Registrants' electric distribution system. The award negotiation process is complete and funding has been obligated.

The Registrants are supporting three different Regional Clean Hydrogen Hub opportunities, covering all five states that Exelon operates in plus Washington D.C. under a program that will create networks of hydrogen producers, consumers, and local connective infrastructure to accelerate the use of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier that can deliver or store energy. Applications for the three opportunities under this program were submitted in April 2023. In October 2023 the DOE announced it selected two of the projects for further

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negotiation: (1) the Mid-Atlantic Clean Hydrogen Hub (MACH2), which is being supported by PECO and PHI, and (2) the Midwest Alliance for Clean Hydrogen (MachH2), which is being supported by ComEd.

In November 2023, the GDO announced up to $3.9 billion available through the second-round funding opportunity of the Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnerships (GRIP) Program for fiscal years 2024 and 2025. This funding opportunity focuses on projects that will improve electric transmission by increasing funding and advancing interconnection processes for faster build out of energy projects, create comprehensive solutions that link grid communications systems and operations to increase resilience and reduce power outages and threats, and deploy advanced technologies such as distributed energy resources and battery systems to provide essential grid services to ensure American communities across the country have access to affordable, reliable, clean electricity. In March 2024, Exelon, BGE, PHI, Pepco, DPL, and ACE submitted five applications for Topic Area 2 (Smart Grid Grants). These applications focus on improving resilience of the electric grid and deployment of technologies to enhance grid flexibility and deliver benefits to customers across the Exelon footprint.

In October 2024, Exelon’s project, Renewable-Aware Distribution Operations: Pioneering a cleaner future for all our communities, and BGE’s project, Baltimore Interconnection Readiness & Deployment of Storage (BIRDS), were recommended by the GDO for negotiation of a final award up to $100 million and $50 million, respectively. The Exelon project will deploy advanced Distribution Energy Resource Management System (DERMS) capabilities and pilot technology to increase the flexibility, efficiency, reliability, and resilience of its distribution network. BGE’s project will facilitate a programmatic approach to a flexible and decentralized energy distribution grid while setting an automated and digitized framework for unlocking future clean energy investments. Both the Exelon and BGE projects have been issued conditional awards, subject to final negotiations.

The Trump Administration has issued numerous Executive Orders (EOs), including the Unleashing American Energy Order on January 20, 2025, which requires an immediate pause in the disbursement of funds appropriated through the IRA and IIJA during a 90-day review period. Exelon is currently evaluating this EO and others to determine what, if any, impact they might have on awards selected or received from the Department of Energy.

PJM Regional Transmission Expansion

At the February 4, 2025 Transmission Expansion Advisory Committee meeting, PJM disclosed PECO’s, BGE’s and Pepco’s revised total estimated costs for the planned retirement of the Brandon Shores Generating Station of approximately $154 million, $1.1 billion, and $241 million, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that management apply accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that affect results of operations and the amounts of assets and liabilities reported in the financial statements. Management believes that the accounting policies described below require significant judgment in their application or incorporate estimates and assumptions that are inherently uncertain and that may change in subsequent periods. Additional information on the application of these accounting policies can be found in the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Goodwill (Exelon, ComEd, and PHI)

As of December 31, 2024, Exelon’s $6.6 billion carrying amount of goodwill consists of $2.6 billion at ComEd and $4 billion at PHI. These entities are required to perform an assessment for possible impairment of their goodwill at least annually or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting units below their carrying amount. A reporting unit is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment (known as a component) and is the level at which goodwill is assessed for impairment. ComEd has a single operating segment and reporting unit. PHI’s operating segments and reporting units are Pepco, DPL, and ACE. See Note 5 — Segment Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Exelon's and ComEd’s goodwill has been assigned entirely to the ComEd reporting unit. Exelon's and PHI’s goodwill has been assigned to the Pepco, DPL, and ACE reporting units in the amounts of $2.1 billion, $1.4 billion, and $0.5 billion, respectively. See Note 12 — Intangible Assets of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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Entities assessing goodwill for impairment have the option of first performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether a quantitative assessment is necessary. As part of the qualitative assessments, Exelon, ComEd, and PHI evaluate, among other things, management's best estimate of projected operating and capital cash flows for their businesses, outcomes of recent regulatory proceedings, changes in certain market conditions, including the discount rate and regulated utility peer EBITDA multiples, and the passing margin from their last quantitative assessments performed.

Application of the goodwill impairment assessment requires management judgment, including the identification of reporting units and determining the fair value of the reporting unit, which management estimates using a weighted combination of a discounted cash flow analysis and a market multiples analysis. Significant assumptions used in these fair value analyses include discount and growth rates, utility sector market performance and transactions, and projected operating and capital cash flows for ComEd’s, Pepco's, DPL's, and ACE's businesses and the fair value of debt.

While the 2024 annual assessments indicated no impairments, certain assumptions used in the assessment are highly sensitive to changes. Adverse regulatory actions or changes in significant assumptions could potentially result in future impairments of Exelon’s, ComEd's, or PHI’s goodwill, which could be material.

See Note 1 — Significant Accounting Policies and Note 12 — Intangible Assets of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Unamortized Energy Contract Liabilities (Exelon and PHI)

Unamortized energy contract liabilities represent the remaining unamortized balances of non-derivative electricity contracts that Exelon acquired as part of the PHI merger. The initial amount recorded represents the difference between the fair value of the contracts at the time of acquisition and the contract value based on the terms of each contract. Offsetting regulatory assets were also recorded for those energy contract costs that are probable of recovery through customer rates. The unamortized energy contract liabilities and the corresponding regulatory assets, respectively, are amortized over the life of the contract in relation to the expected realization of the underlying cash flows. Amortization of the unamortized energy contract liabilities are recorded through Purchased power and fuel expense. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters and Note 12 — Intangible Assets of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Depreciable Lives of Property, Plant, and Equipment (All Registrants)

The Registrants have significant investments in electric and natural gas transmission and distribution assets. These assets are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis, using the group, or composite methods of depreciation. The group approach is typically for groups of similar assets that have approximately the same useful lives and the composite approach is used for heterogeneous assets that have different lives. Under both methods, a reporting entity depreciates the assets over the average life of the assets in the group. The estimation of asset useful lives requires management judgment, supported by formal depreciation studies of historical asset retirement experience. Depreciation studies are conducted periodically and as required by a rate regulator or regulatory action, or changes in retirement patterns indicate an update is necessary.

Depreciation studies generally serve as the basis for amounts allowed in customer rates for recovery of depreciation costs. Generally, the Registrants adjust their depreciation rates for financial reporting purposes concurrent with adjustments to depreciation rates reflected in customer rates, unless the depreciation rates reflected in customer rates do not align with management’s judgment as to an appropriate estimated useful life or have not been updated on a timely basis. Depreciation expense and customer rates for ComEd, BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE include an estimate of the future costs of dismantling and removing plant from service upon retirement. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding regulatory liabilities and assets recorded by ComEd, BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE related to removal costs.

PECO’s removal costs are capitalized to accumulated depreciation when incurred and recorded to depreciation expense over the life of the new asset constructed consistent with PECO’s regulatory recovery method. Estimates for such removal costs are also evaluated in the periodic depreciation studies.

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Changes in estimated useful lives of electric and natural gas transmission and distribution assets could have a significant impact on the Registrants’ future results of operations. See Note 1 — Significant Accounting Policies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding depreciation and estimated service lives of the property, plant, and equipment of the Registrants.

Retirement Benefits (All Registrants)

Exelon sponsors defined benefit pension plans and OPEB plans. The measurement of the plan obligations and costs of providing benefits involves various factors, including the development of valuation assumptions and inputs and accounting policy elections. When developing the required assumptions, Exelon considers historical information as well as future expectations. The measurement of benefit obligations and costs is affected by several assumptions including the discount rate, the long-term expected rate of return on plan assets, the anticipated rate of increase of health care costs, Exelon's contributions, the rate of compensation increases, and the long-term expected investment rate credited to employees of certain plans, among others. The assumptions are updated annually and upon any interim remeasurement of the plan obligations.

Pension and OPEB plan assets include cash and cash equivalents, equity securities, including U.S. and international securities, and fixed income securities, as well as certain alternative investment classes such as private equity, real estate, private credit, and hedge funds.

Expected Rate of Return on Plan Assets. In determining the EROA, Exelon considers historical economic indicators (including inflation and GDP growth) that impact asset returns, as well as expectations regarding future long-term capital market performance, weighted by Exelon’s target asset class allocations. Exelon calculates the amount of expected return on pension and OPEB plan assets by multiplying the EROA by the MRV of plan assets at the beginning of the year, taking into consideration anticipated contributions and benefit payments to be made during the year. In determining MRV, the authoritative guidance for pensions and postretirement benefits allows the use of either fair value or a calculated value that recognizes changes in fair value in a systematic and rational manner over not more than five years. For the majority of pension plan assets, Exelon uses a calculated value that adjusts for 20% of the difference between fair value and expected MRV of plan assets. Use of this calculated value approach enables less volatile expected asset returns to be recognized as a component of pension cost from year to year. For OPEB plan assets and certain pension plan assets, Exelon uses fair value to calculate the MRV.

Discount Rate. The discount rates are determined by developing a spot rate curve based on the yield to maturity of a universe of high-quality non-callable (or callable with make whole provisions) bonds with similar maturities to the related pension and OPEB obligations. The spot rates are used to discount the estimated future benefit distribution amounts under the pension and OPEB plans. The discount rate is the single level rate that produces the same result as the spot rate curve. Exelon utilizes an analytical tool developed by its actuaries to determine the discount rates.

Mortality. The mortality assumption is composed of a base table that represents the current expectation of life expectancy of the population adjusted by an improvement scale that attempts to anticipate future improvements in life expectancy. Exelon’s mortality assumption utilizes the SOA 2019 base table (Pri-2012) and MP-2021 improvement scale adjusted to use Proxy SSA ultimate improvement rates.

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Sensitivity to Changes in Key Assumptions. The following tables illustrate the effects of changing certain of the actuarial assumptions discussed above, while holding all other assumptions constant:

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(a)In general, the discount rate will have a larger impact on the pension and OPEB cost and obligation as the rate moves closer to 0%. Therefore, the discount rate sensitivities above cannot necessarily be extrapolated for larger increases or decreases in the discount rate. Additionally, Exelon utilizes a liability-driven investment strategy for its pension asset portfolio. The sensitivities shown above do not reflect the offsetting impact that changes in discount rates may have on pension asset returns.

See Note 1 — Significant Accounting Policies and Note 14 — Retirement Benefits of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the accounting for the defined benefit pension plans and OPEB plans.

Regulatory Accounting (All Registrants)

For their regulated electric and gas operations, the Registrants reflect the effects of cost-based rate regulation in their financial statements, which is required for entities with regulated operations that meet the following criteria: (1) rates are established or approved by a third-party regulator; (2) rates are designed to recover the entities’ cost of providing services or products; and (3) a reasonable expectation that rates designed to recover costs can be charged to and collected from customers. Regulatory assets represent incurred costs that have been deferred because of their probable future recovery from customers through regulated rates. Regulatory liabilities represent (1) revenue or gains that have been deferred because it is probable such amounts will be returned to customers through future regulated rates; or (2) billings in advance of expenditures for approved regulatory programs. If it is concluded in a future period that a separable portion of operations no longer meets the criteria discussed above, the Registrants would be required to eliminate any associated regulatory assets and liabilities and the impact, which could be material, would be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.

The following table illustrates gains (losses) to be included in net income that could result from the elimination of regulatory assets and liabilities and charges against OCI related to deferred costs associated with Exelon's pension and OPEB plans that are recorded as Regulatory assets in Exelon's Consolidated Balance Sheets (before taxes) at December 31, 2024:

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(a)Exelon's charge against OCI (before taxes) consists of up to $2.2 billion, $363 million, $384 million, $253 million, $95 million, and $7 million related to ComEd's, BGE's, PHI's, Pepco's, DPL's, and ACE's respective portions of the deferred costs associated with Exelon's pension and OPEB plans. Exelon also has a net regulatory liability of $106 million (before taxes) related to PECO’s portion of the deferred costs associated with Exelon’s OPEB plans that would result in an increase in OCI if reversed.

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See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding regulatory matters, including the regulatory assets and liabilities of the Registrants.

For each regulatory jurisdiction in which they conduct business, the Registrants assess whether the regulatory assets and liabilities continue to meet the criteria for probable future recovery or refund at each balance sheet date and when regulatory events occur. This assessment includes consideration of recent rate orders, historical regulatory treatment for similar costs in each Registrant's jurisdictions, and factors such as changes in applicable regulatory and political environments. If the assessments and estimates made by the Registrants for regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities are ultimately different than actual regulatory outcomes, the impact in their consolidated financial statements could be material.

Refer to the revenue recognition discussion below for additional information on the annual revenue reconciliations associated with ICC-approved electric distribution MRP and formula rate mechanisms for ComEd, and FERC transmission formula rate tariffs for the Utility Registrants.

Derivative Financial Instruments (All Registrants)

The Registrants use derivative instruments to manage commodity price risk and interest rate risk related to ongoing business operations. See Note 15 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Determining whether a contract qualifies as a derivative requires that management exercise significant judgment, including assessing market liquidity as well as determining whether a contract has one or more underlying and one or more notional quantities.

All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value, except for certain derivatives that qualify for, and are elected under, NPNS. For derivatives that qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges, changes in fair value each period are initially recorded in AOCI and recognized in earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. For derivatives intended to serve as economic hedges, which are not designated for hedge accounting, changes in fair value each period are recognized in earnings on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income or are recorded as a regulatory asset or liability when there is an ability to recover or return the associated costs or benefits in accordance with regulatory requirements.

NPNS. Contracts that are designated as NPNS are not required to be recorded at fair value, but rather on an accrual basis of accounting. Determining whether a contract qualifies for NPNS requires judgment on whether the contract will physically deliver and requires that management ensure compliance with all the associated qualification and documentation requirements. For all NPNS derivative instruments, accounts payable is recorded when derivatives settle and expense is recognized in earnings as the underlying physical commodity is consumed. Contracts that qualify for NPNS are those for which physical delivery is probable, quantities are expected to be used or sold in the normal course of business over a reasonable period, and the contract is not financially settled on a net basis. See Note 15 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for all contracts that are accounted for under NPNS.

Commodity Contracts. The Registrants make estimates and assumptions concerning future commodity prices, interest rates, and the timing of future transactions and their probable cash flows in deciding whether to enter derivative transactions, and in determining the initial accounting treatment for derivative transactions. The Registrants categorize these derivatives under a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value.

Derivative contracts can be traded in both exchange-based and non-exchange-based markets. Exchange-based derivatives that are valued using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets are generally categorized in Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. Certain derivative pricing is verified using indicative price quotations available through brokers or over-the-counter, online exchanges. For derivatives that trade in liquid markets, the model inputs are generally observable. Such instruments are categorized in Level 2. For derivatives that trade in less liquid markets with limited pricing information, the model inputs generally would include both observable and unobservable inputs and are categorized in Level 3.

The Registrants consider nonperformance risk, including credit risk in the valuation of derivative contracts, and both historical and current market data in the assessment of nonperformance risk. The impacts of nonperformance and credit risk to date have generally not been material to the Registrants’ financial statements.

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Interest Rate Derivative Instruments. Exelon Corporate utilizes interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk on existing and planned future debt issuances. The fair value of the swaps is calculated by discounting the future net cash flows to the present value based on the terms and conditions of the agreements and the forward interest rate curves. As these inputs are based on observable data and valuations of similar instruments, the interest rate derivatives are primarily categorized in Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

See ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK and Note 17 — Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities and Note 15 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Registrants’ derivative instruments.

Income Taxes (All Registrants)

Significant management judgment is required in determining the Registrants’ provisions for income taxes, primarily due to the uncertainty related to tax positions taken, as well as deferred tax assets and liabilities and valuation allowances. The Registrants account for uncertain income tax positions using a benefit recognition model with a two-step approach including a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold and a measurement approach based on the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Management evaluates each position based solely on the technical merits and facts and circumstances of the position, assuming the position will be examined by a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. Significant judgment is required to determine whether the recognition threshold has been met and, if so, the appropriate amount of tax benefits to be recorded in the Registrants’ consolidated financial statements.

The Registrants evaluate quarterly the probability of realizing deferred tax assets by reviewing a forecast of future taxable income and their intent and ability to implement tax planning strategies, if necessary, to realize deferred tax assets. The Registrants also assess negative evidence, such as the expiration of historical operating loss or tax credit carryforwards, that could indicate the Registrant's inability to realize its deferred tax assets. Based on the combined assessment, the Registrants record valuation allowances for deferred tax assets when it is more-likely-than-not such benefit will not be realized in future periods.

Actual income taxes could vary from estimated amounts due to the future impacts of various items, including future changes in income tax laws, the Registrants’ forecasted financial condition and results of operations, failure to successfully implement tax planning strategies, as well as results of audits and examinations of filed tax returns by taxing authorities. See Note 13 — Income Taxes of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Accounting for Loss Contingencies (All Registrants)

In the preparation of the financial statements, the Registrants make judgments regarding the future outcome of contingent events and record liabilities for loss contingencies that are probable and can be reasonably estimated based upon available information. The amount recorded may differ from the actual expense incurred when the uncertainty is resolved. Such difference could have a significant impact in the Registrants' consolidated financial statements.

Environmental Costs. Environmental investigation and remediation liabilities are based upon estimates with respect to the number of sites for which the Registrants will be responsible, the scope and cost of work to be performed at each site, the portion of costs that will be shared with other parties, the timing of the remediation work, regulations, and the requirements of local governmental authorities. Annual studies and/or reviews are conducted at ComEd, PECO, BGE, and DPL to determine future remediation requirements for MGP sites and estimates are adjusted accordingly. In addition, periodic reviews are performed at each of the Registrants to assess the adequacy of other environmental reserves. These matters, if resolved in a manner different from the estimate, could have a significant impact in the Registrants’ consolidated financial statements. See Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Other, Including Personal Injury Claims. The Registrants are self-insured for general liability, automotive liability, workers’ compensation, and personal injury claims to the extent that losses are within policy deductibles or exceed the amount of insurance maintained. The Registrants have reserves for both open claims asserted, and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported (IBNR). The IBNR reserve is estimated based on actuarial

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assumptions and analysis and is updated annually. Future events, such as the number of new claims to be filed each year, the average cost of disposing of claims, as well as the numerous uncertainties surrounding litigation and possible state and national legislative measures could cause the actual costs to be higher or lower than estimated. Accordingly, these claims, if resolved in a manner different from the estimate, could have a material impact to the Registrants’ consolidated financial statements.

Revenues (All Registrants)

Sources of Revenue and Determination of Accounting Treatment. The Registrants earn revenues from the sale and delivery of power and natural gas in regulated markets. The accounting treatment for revenue recognition is based on the nature of the underlying transaction and applicable authoritative guidance. The Registrants primarily apply the Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and Alternative Revenue Program accounting guidance to recognize revenues as discussed in more detail below.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Registrants recognize revenues in the period in which the performance obligations within contracts with customers are satisfied, which generally occurs when power and natural gas are physically delivered to the customer. Transactions of the Registrants within the scope of Revenue from Contracts with Customers generally include sales to utility customers under regulated service tariffs.

The determination of the Registrants' power and natural gas sales to individual customers is based on systematic readings of customer meters, generally monthly. At the end of each month, amounts of energy delivered to customers since the date of the last meter reading are estimated, and corresponding unbilled revenue is recorded. The measurement of unbilled revenue is affected by the following factors: daily customer usage measured by generation or gas throughput volume, customer usage by class, losses of energy during delivery to customers and applicable customer rates. Increases or decreases in volumes delivered to the Registrant’s customers and favorable or unfavorable rate mix due to changes in usage patterns in customer classes in the period could be significant to the calculation of unbilled revenue. In addition, revenues may fluctuate monthly as a result of customers electing to use an alternative supplier, since unbilled commodity revenues are not recorded for these customers. Changes in the timing of meter reading schedules and the number and type of customers scheduled for each meter reading date also impact the measurement of unbilled revenue; however, total operating revenues would remain materially unchanged. See Note 1 — Significant Accounting Policies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Alternative Revenue Program Accounting. Certain of the Registrants’ ratemaking mechanisms qualify as ARPs if they (i) are established by a regulatory order and allow for automatic adjustment to future rates, (ii) provide for additional revenues (above those amounts currently reflected in the price of utility service) that are objectively determinable and probable of recovery, and (iii) allow for the collection of those additional revenues within 24 months following the end of the period in which they were recognized. For mechanisms that meet these criteria, the Registrants adjust revenue and record an offsetting regulatory asset or liability once the condition or event allowing additional billing or refund has occurred. The ARP revenues presented in the Registrants’ Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income include both: (i) the recognition of “originating” ARP revenues (when the regulator-specified condition or event allowing for additional billing or refund has occurred) and (ii) an equal and offsetting reversal of the “originating” ARP revenues as those amounts are reflected in the price of utility service and recognized as Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

ComEd records ARP revenue for its best estimate of the electric distribution, energy efficiency, distributed generation rebates, and transmission revenue impacts resulting from future changes in rates that ComEd believes are probable of approval by the ICC and FERC in accordance with its distribution multi-year rate plan, distribution revenue decoupling mechanisms, and formula rate mechanisms. BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE record ARP revenue for their best estimate of the electric and natural gas distribution revenue impacts resulting from future changes in rates that they believe are probable of approval by the MDPSC, DCPSC, and/or NJBPU in accordance with their revenue decoupling mechanisms. PECO, BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE record ARP revenue for their best estimate of the transmission revenue impacts resulting from future changes in rates that they believe are probable of approval by FERC in accordance with their formula rate mechanisms. Estimates of the current year revenue requirement are based on actual and/or forecasted costs and investments in rate base for the period and the rates of return on common equity and associated regulatory capital structure allowed under the applicable tariff. The estimated reconciliation can be affected by, among other things, variances in costs incurred, investments made, allowed ROE, and actions by regulators or courts.

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See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Customer Receivables (All Registrants)

The Registrants allowance for credit losses on customer receivables is estimated based on historical experience, current conditions, and forward-looking risk factors. Historical experience considered include collection activities and payment history utilized for risk segmentation; current conditions include changes in economic conditions, aging of receivable balances, payment options and programs available to customers, and industry trends for each company; and forward-looking risk factors include assumptions related to the level of write-offs and recoveries. Risk segments represent a group of customers with similar forward-looking credit quality indicators and risk factors that are comprised based on various attributes, including delinquency of their balances and payment history and represent expected, future customer behavior. The Registrants' customer accounts are generally considered delinquent if the amount billed is not received by the time the next bill is issued, which normally occurs on a monthly basis. The Registrants' customer accounts are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements. The Registrants' allowances for credit losses will continue to be affected by changes in volume, prices, and economic conditions as well as changes in ICC, PAPUC, MDPSC, DCPSC, DEPSC, and NJBPU regulations.

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ComEd

Results of Operations by Registrant

Results of Operations—ComEd

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Net income decreased by $24 million primarily due to a lower allowed distribution ROE, the absence of a return on the pension asset within distribution earnings, and lower carrying cost recovery related to the CMC regulatory asset. These were partially offset by higher distribution rate base, higher return on regulatory assets primarily due to an increase in asset balances, and higher transmission peak load.

The changes in Operating revenues consisted of the following:

Revenue Decoupling. The demand for electricity is affected by weather and customer usage. Operating revenues are not intended to be impacted by abnormal weather, usage per customer, or number of customers as a result of revenue decoupling mechanisms.

Distribution Revenue. Distribution revenues were under a performance-based formula rate through 2023. Starting in 2024, distribution revenues are under a MRP. Both the performance-based formula rate and the MRP require annual reconciliations of the revenue requirement in effect to the actual costs the ICC determines are prudently and reasonably incurred with certain limitations for the MRP reconciliations. Electric distribution revenue varies from year to year based upon fluctuations in the underlying costs, (e.g., severe weather and storm restoration), investments being recovered, and allowed ROE. Electric distribution revenue increased during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher fully

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ComEd

recoverable costs and higher rate base, partially offset by lower allowed ROE and the absence of a return on the pension asset.

Transmission Revenue. Under a FERC-approved formula, transmission revenue varies from year to year based upon fluctuations in the underlying costs, capital investments being recovered, and the highest daily peak load, which is updated annually in January based on the prior calendar year. Transmission revenues increased during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to increased underlying costs, higher peak load, and increased capital investments.

Energy Efficiency Revenue. Energy efficiency revenues are under a performance-based formula rate, which requires an annual reconciliation of the revenue requirement in effect to the actual costs the ICC determines are prudently and reasonably incurred in a given year. Energy efficiency revenue varies from year to year based upon fluctuations in the underlying costs, investments being recovered, and allowed ROE. Energy efficiency revenue increased during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to increased regulatory asset amortization, which is fully recoverable, and the impacts of a higher rate base.

Other Revenue primarily includes assistance provided to other utilities through mutual assistance programs. Other revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, which primarily reflects mutual assistance revenues associated with storm restoration efforts.

Regulatory Required Programs represents revenues collected under approved riders to recover costs incurred for regulatory programs such as recoveries under the credit loss expense tariff, environmental costs associated with MGP sites, ETAC, and costs related to electricity, ZEC, CMC, and REC procurement. ETAC is a retail customer surcharge collected and remitted to an Illinois state agency for programs to support clean energy jobs and training. The riders are designed to provide full and current cost recovery. The costs of these programs are included in Purchased power expense, Operating and maintenance expense, Depreciation and amortization expense, and Taxes other than income taxes. Customers have the choice to purchase electricity from competitive electric generation suppliers. Customer choice programs do not impact the volume of deliveries as ComEd remains the distribution service provider for all customers and charges a regulated rate for distribution service, which is recorded in Operating revenues. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation from competitive suppliers, ComEd either acts as the billing agent or the competitive supplier separately bills its own customers, and therefore does not record Operating revenues or Purchased power expense related to the electricity. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation from ComEd, ComEd is permitted to recover the electricity, ZEC, CMC, and REC procurement costs without mark-up and therefore records equal and offsetting amounts in Operating revenues and Purchased power expense related to the electricity, ZECs, CMCs, and RECs.

See Note 5 — Segment Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the presentation of ComEd's revenue disaggregation.

The $226 million increase in Purchased power expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 is offset in Operating revenues as part of regulatory required programs.

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The changes in Operating and maintenance expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Primarily reflects an updated rate of capitalization of certain overhead costs.

(b)Primarily reflects the reclassification and increase of the FERC audit liability during the current year and an increase in credit loss expense. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters for additional information regarding the FERC audit liability.

The changes in Depreciation and amortization expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Reflects ongoing capital expenditures.

(b)Includes amortization of ComEd's energy efficiency formula rate regulatory asset.

Interest expense, net increased $24 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to an increase in the principal balance and interest rates of debt issued in 2024.

Effective income tax rates were 9.8% and 22.4% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 13 — Income Taxes of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the components of the effective income tax rates.

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PECO

Results of Operations—PECO

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Net income decreased by $12 million, primarily due to an increase in credit loss expense, interest expense, and depreciation expense, partially offset by a decrease in income tax expense due to a higher tax repairs deduction and an increase in revenue as a result of less unfavorable weather impact relative to the same period last year.

The changes in Operating revenues consisted of the following:

Weather. The demand for electricity and natural gas is affected by weather conditions. With respect to the electric business, very warm weather in summer months and, with respect to the electric and natural gas businesses, very cold weather in winter months are referred to as “favorable weather conditions” because these weather conditions result in increased deliveries of electricity and natural gas. Conversely, mild weather reduces demand. For the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, Operating revenues related to weather increased due to less unfavorable weather conditions in PECO's service territory.

Heating and cooling degree days are quantitative indices that reflect the demand for energy needed to heat or cool a home or business. Normal weather is determined based on historical average heating and cooling degree days for a 30-year period in PECO’s service territory. The changes in heating and cooling degree days in PECO’s service territory for the years ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 and normal weather consisted of the following:

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Volume. Electric volume, exclusive of the effects of weather, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, increased due to customer load growth. Natural gas volume for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, remained relatively consistent.

__________

(a)Reflects delivery volumes from customers purchasing electricity directly from PECO and customers purchasing electricity from a competitive electric generation supplier as all customers are assessed distribution charges.

(b)Reflects the change in delivery volumes assuming normalized weather based on the historical 30-year average.

__________

(a)Reflects delivery volumes from customers purchasing natural gas directly from PECO and customers purchasing electricity from a competitive natural gas supplier as all customers are assessed distribution charges.

(b)Reflects the change in delivery volumes assuming normalized weather based on the historical 30-year average.

Pricing for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 increased primarily due to higher electric DSIC rates in PECO's service territories.

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Transmission Revenue. Under a FERC-approved formula, transmission revenue varies from year to year based upon fluctuations in the underlying costs and capital investments being recovered. Transmission revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to increases in underlying costs and capital investments.

Other Revenue primarily includes revenue related to late payment charges. Other revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, remained relatively consistent.

Regulatory Required Programs represents revenues collected under approved riders to recover costs incurred for regulatory programs such as energy efficiency, PGC, and the GSA. The riders are designed to provide full and current cost recovery as well as a return. The costs of these programs are included in Purchased power and fuel expense, Operating and maintenance expense, Depreciation and amortization expense, and Income taxes. Customers have the choice to purchase electricity and natural gas from competitive electric generation and natural gas suppliers. Customer choice programs do not impact the volume of deliveries as PECO remains the distribution service provider for all customers and charges a regulated rate for distribution service, which is recorded in Operating revenues. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation or natural gas from competitive suppliers, PECO either acts as the billing agent or the competitive supplier separately bills its own customers and therefore PECO does not record Operating revenues or Purchased power and fuel expense related to the electricity and/or natural gas. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation or natural gas from PECO, PECO is permitted to recover the electricity, natural gas, and REC procurement costs without mark-up and therefore records equal and offsetting amounts in Operating revenues and Purchased power and fuel expense related to the electricity, natural gas, and RECs.

See Note 5 — Segment Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the presentation of PECO's revenue disaggregation.

The decrease of $67 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, in Purchased power and fuel expense is fully offset in Operating revenues as part of regulatory required programs.

The changes in Operating and maintenance expense consisted of the following:

The changes in Depreciation and amortization expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Depreciation and amortization expense increased primarily due to ongoing capital expenditures.

Taxes other than income taxes increased by $16 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher Pennsylvania gross receipts tax.

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Interest expense, net increased $31 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to an increase in interest rates and the issuance of debt in 2024.

Effective income tax rates were (2.2)% and 3.4% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 13 — Income Taxes of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the components of the effective income tax rates.

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BGE

Results of Operations—BGE

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Net income increased $42 million primarily due to favorable distribution rates, partially offset by lower impacts of multi-year plans reconciliations, an increase in interest expense, storm costs, credit loss expense and various operating expenses. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters for additional information on multi-year plan order.

The changes in Operating revenues consisted of the following:

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Revenue Decoupling. The demand for electricity and natural gas is affected by weather and customer usage. However, Operating revenues are not intended to be impacted by abnormal weather or usage per customer as a result of a monthly rate adjustment that provides for fixed distribution revenue per customer by customer class. While Operating revenues are not impacted by abnormal weather or usage per customer, they are impacted by changes in the number of customers. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on revenue decoupling for BGE.

Distribution Revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, due to favorable impacts of the multi-year plans.

Transmission Revenue. Under a FERC-approved formula, transmission revenue varies from year to year based upon fluctuations in the underlying costs and capital investments being recovered. Transmission revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to increases in underlying costs and capital investments.

Other Revenue includes revenue related to late payment charges, mutual assistance, off-system sales, and service application fees. Other Revenue remained relatively consistent for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

Regulatory Required Programs represent revenues collected under approved riders to recover costs incurred for regulatory programs such as conservation, demand response, and the POLR mechanism. The riders are designed to provide full and current cost recovery, as well as a return in certain instances. The costs of these programs are included in Purchased power and fuel expense, Operating and maintenance expense, Depreciation and amortization expense, and Taxes other than income taxes. Customers have the choice to purchase electricity and natural gas from competitive electric generation and natural gas suppliers. Customer choice programs do not impact the volume of deliveries as BGE remains the distribution service provider for all customers and charges a regulated rate for distribution service, which is recorded in Operating revenues. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation or natural gas from competitive suppliers, BGE acts as the billing agent and therefore does not record Operating revenues or Purchased power and fuel expense related to the electricity and/or natural gas. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation or natural gas from BGE, BGE is permitted to recover the electricity and natural gas procurement costs from customers and therefore records the amounts related to the electricity and/or natural gas in Operating revenues and Purchased power and fuel expense. BGE recovers electricity and natural gas procurement costs from customers with a slight mark-up.

See Note 5 — Segment Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the presentation of BGE's revenue disaggregation.

The increase of $120 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 in Purchased power and fuel expense is fully offset in Operating revenues as part of regulatory required programs.

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BGE

The changes in Operating and maintenance expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters for additional information on multi-year plans reconciliations.

(b)Primarily related to capital write-offs.

(c)Increase due to the cost recovery associated with EmPOWER Maryland. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters for additional information

The changes in Depreciation and amortization expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Decrease due to the cost recovery associated with EmPOWER Maryland. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters for additional information.

Taxes other than income taxes increased by $26 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to increased property taxes.

Interest expense, net increased $34 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to an increase in interest rates and the issuance of debt in the second quarter of 2024 and 2023 .

Other, net increased by $18 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to increased interest income and higher AFUDC equity.

Effective income tax rates were 8.5% and 21.5% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 13 — Income Taxes of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the components of the effective income tax rates.

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PHI

Results of Operations—PHI

PHI’s Results of Operations include the results of its three reportable segments, Pepco, DPL, and ACE. PHI also has a business services subsidiary, PHISCO, which provides a variety of support services and the costs are directly charged or allocated to the applicable subsidiaries. Additionally, the results of PHI's corporate operations include interest costs from various financing activities. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The following table sets forth PHI's GAAP consolidated Net income, by Registrant, for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. See the Results of Operations for Pepco, DPL, and ACE for additional information.

__________

(a)Primarily includes eliminating and consolidating adjustments, PHI's corporate operations, shared service entities, and other financing and investing activities.

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Net income increased by $151 million primarily due to higher electric distribution rates, lower contracting costs due to the absence of the ACE employee strike, higher transmission rates, decrease in environmental costs at Pepco, favorable impacts of the Pepco Maryland multi-year plans including the recognition of the reconciliations, and a decrease in storm costs, partially offset by increases in depreciation expense and interest expense.

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Pepco

Results of Operations—Pepco

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Net income increased by $84 million primarily due to decreases in environmental costs, higher transmission rates, favorable impacts of the Maryland multi-year plans including the recognition of the reconciliations, customer growth, and a decrease in storm costs partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense and interest expense.

The changes in Operating revenues consisted of the following:

Revenue Decoupling. The demand for electricity is affected by weather and customer usage. However, Operating revenues from electric distribution in both Maryland and the District of Columbia are not intended to be impacted by abnormal weather or usage per customer as a result of a BSA that provides for a fixed distribution charge per customer by customer class. While Operating revenues are not impacted by abnormal weather or usage per customer, they are impacted by changes in the number of customers. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on revenue decoupling for Pepco Maryland and District of Columbia.

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Distribution Revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher rates due to the favorable impacts of the Maryland multi-year plans and customer growth.

Transmission Revenue. Under a FERC-approved formula, transmission revenue varies from year to year based upon fluctuations in the underlying costs and capital investments being recovered. Transmission revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to increases in underlying costs and capital investment.

Other Revenue includes rental revenue, revenue related to late payment charges, mutual assistance revenues, and recoveries of other taxes.

Regulatory Required Programs represent revenues collected under approved riders to recover costs incurred for regulatory programs such as energy efficiency programs, DC PLUG, and SOS procurement and administrative costs. The riders are designed to provide full and current cost recovery as well as a return in certain instances. The costs of these programs are included in Purchased power expense, Operating and maintenance expense, Depreciation and amortization expense, and Taxes other than income taxes. Customers have the choice to purchase electricity from competitive electric generation suppliers. Customer choice programs do not impact the volume of deliveries, as Pepco remains the distribution service provider for all customers and charges a regulated rate for distribution service, which is recorded in Operating revenues. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation from competitive suppliers, Pepco acts as the billing agent and therefore, Pepco does not record Operating revenues or Purchased power expense related to the electricity. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation from Pepco, Pepco is permitted to recover the electricity and REC procurement costs from customers and therefore records the amounts related to the electricity and RECs in Operating revenues and Purchased power expense. Pepco recovers electricity and REC procurement costs from customers with a slight mark-up.

See Note 5 — Segment Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the presentation of Pepco's revenue disaggregation.

The increase of $81 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, in Purchased power expense is fully offset in Operating revenues as part of regulatory required programs.

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Pepco

The changes in Operating and maintenance expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Primarily reflects the decreases in environmental costs for the year ended December 31, 2024.

(b)See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters for additional information on multi-year plan reconciliations.

(c)Increase primarily due to the cost recovery associated with EmPOWER Maryland. Please refer to Note 3 — Regulatory Matters additional information.

The changes in Depreciation and amortization expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to ongoing capital expenditures.

(b)Decrease includes the cost recovery associated with EmPOWER Maryland. Please refer to Note 3 — Regulatory Matters additional information.

Taxes other than income taxes increased $34 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to increases in utility taxes, which are offset in revenues, and property taxes.

Interest expense, net increased $27 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to an increase in interest rates and the issuance of debt in 2023 and 2024.

(Loss) gain on sales of assets for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 decreased $10 million due to the absence of the gain on sale of land in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Other, net decreased $12 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to lower AFUDC equity.

Effective income tax rates were 18.8% and 14.3% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 13 — Income Taxes of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the components of the effective income tax rates.

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DPL

Results of Operations—DPL

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Net income increased by $32 million primarily due to higher Delaware electric distribution rates, favorable weather conditions at Delaware electric and natural gas service territories, and higher transmission rates, partially offset by an increase in interest expense.

The changes in Operating revenues consisted of the following:

Revenue Decoupling. The demand for electricity is affected by weather and customer usage. However, Operating revenues from electric distribution in Maryland are not intended to be impacted by abnormal weather or usage per customer as a result of a BSA that provides for a fixed distribution charge per customer by customer class. While Operating revenues from electric distribution customers in Maryland are not impacted by abnormal weather or usage per customer, they are impacted by changes in the number of customers. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on revenue decoupling for DPL Maryland.

Weather. The demand for electricity and natural gas in Delaware is affected by weather conditions. With respect to the electric business, very warm weather in summer months and, with respect to the electric and natural gas businesses, very cold weather in winter months are referred to as "favorable weather conditions” because these weather conditions result in increased deliveries of electricity and natural gas. Conversely, mild weather reduces demand. During the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, Operating revenues related to weather increased due to favorable weather conditions in DPL's Delaware electric and natural gas service territories.

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Heating and cooling degree days are quantitative indices that reflect the demand for energy needed to heat or cool a home or business. Normal weather is determined based on historical average heating and cooling degree days for a 20-year period in DPL's Delaware electric service territory and a 30-year period in DPL's Delaware natural gas service territory. The changes in heating and cooling degree days in DPL’s Delaware service territory for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to same period in 2023 and normal weather consisted of the following:

Volume, exclusive of the effects of weather, increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to an increase in customer usage and customer growth.

__________

(a)Reflects delivery volumes from customers purchasing electricity directly from DPL and customers purchasing electricity from a competitive electric generation supplier as all customers are assessed distribution charges.

(b)Reflects the change in delivery volumes assuming normalized weather based on the historical 20-year average.

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__________

(a)Reflects delivery volumes from customers purchasing natural gas directly from DPL and customers purchasing natural gas from a competitive natural gas supplier as all customers are assessed distribution charges.

(b)Reflects the change in delivery volumes assuming normalized weather based on the historical 30-year average.

Distribution Revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to favorable impacts of the higher electric distribution rates in Delaware that became effective July 2023, and higher natural gas DSIC rates in Delaware that became effective in January 2024, partially offset by lower electric DSIC rates in Delaware that became effective in January 2024.

Transmission Revenue. Under a FERC-approved formula, transmission revenue varies from year to year based upon fluctuations in the underlying costs and capital investments being recovered. Transmission revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to increases in underlying costs and capital investment.

Other Revenue includes rental revenue, revenue related to late payment charges, mutual assistance revenues, and recoveries of other taxes.

Regulatory Required Programs represent revenues collected under approved riders to recover costs incurred for regulatory programs such as energy efficiency programs, DE Renewable Portfolio Standards, SOS procurement and administrative costs, and GCR costs. The riders are designed to provide full and current cost recovery as well as a return in certain instances. The costs of these programs are included in Purchased power and fuel expense, Operating and maintenance expense, Depreciation and amortization expense, and Taxes other than income taxes. All customers have the choice to purchase electricity from competitive electric generation suppliers; however, only certain commercial and industrial customers have the choice to purchase natural gas from competitive natural gas suppliers. Customer choice programs do not impact the volume of deliveries as DPL remains the distribution service provider for all customers and charges a regulated rate for distribution service, which is recorded in Operating revenues. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation or natural gas from competitive suppliers, DPL either acts as the billing agent or the competitive supplier separately bills its own customers, and therefore does not record Operating revenues or Purchased power and fuel expense related to the electricity and/or natural gas. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation or natural gas from DPL, DPL is permitted to recover the electricity, natural gas, and REC procurement costs from customers and therefore records the amounts related to the electricity, natural gas, and RECs in Operating revenues and Purchased power and fuel expense. DPL recovers electricity and REC procurement costs from customers with a slight mark-up, and natural gas costs without mark-up.

See Note 5 — Segment Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the presentation of DPL's revenue disaggregation.

The increase of $23 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, in Purchased power and fuel expense is fully offset in Operating revenues as part of regulatory required programs.

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The changes in Operating and maintenance expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Increase is primarily due to the cost recovery associated with EmPOWER Maryland. Please refer to Note 3 — Regulatory Matters additional information.

The changes in Depreciation and amortization expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to ongoing expenditures.

(b)Decrease is primarily due to the cost recovery associated with EmPOWER Maryland. Please refer to Note 3 — Regulatory Matters additional information.

Taxes other than income taxes increased by $4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to an increase in property taxes.

Interest expense, net increased $19 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to an increase in interest rates and the issuance of debt in 2023 and 2024.

Other, net increased $7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to higher interest income.

Effective income tax rates were 19.0% and 16.5% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 13 — Income Taxes of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the components of the change in effective income tax rates.

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ACE

Results of Operations—ACE

Year Ended December 31, 2024 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2023. Net income increased by $35 million primarily due to higher distribution rates and lower contracting costs due to the absence of the ACE employee strike, partially offset by increases in depreciation expense and interest expense.

The changes in Operating revenues consisted of the following:

Revenue Decoupling. The demand for electricity is affected by weather and customer usage. However, Operating revenues from electric distribution in New Jersey are not intended to be impacted by abnormal weather or usage per customer as a result of the CIP which became effective, prospectively, in the third quarter of 2021. The CIP compares current distribution revenues by customer class to approved target revenues established in ACE’s most recent distribution base rate case. The CIP is calculated annually, and recovery is subject to certain conditions, including an earnings test and ceilings on customer rate increases. While Operating revenues are not impacted by abnormal weather or usage per customer, they are impacted by changes in the number of customers. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the ACE CIP.

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ACE

Distribution Revenue increased for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to higher distribution rates that became effective December 2023 and the expiration of customer credits related to the TCJA tax benefits.

Transmission Revenue. Under a FERC-approved formula, transmission revenue varies from year to year based upon fluctuations in the underlying costs and capital investments being recovered. Transmission revenue remained relatively consistent for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

Other Revenue includes rental revenue, service connection fees, and mutual assistance revenues.

Regulatory Required Programs represent revenues collected under approved riders to recover costs incurred for regulatory programs such as energy efficiency programs, Societal Benefits Charge, Transition Bonds, and BGS procurement and administrative costs. The riders are designed to provide full and current cost recovery as well as a return in certain instances. The costs of these programs are included in Purchased power expense, Operating and maintenance expense, Depreciation and amortization expense, and Taxes other than income taxes. Customers have the choice to purchase electricity from competitive electric generation suppliers. Customer choice programs do not impact the volume of deliveries, as ACE remains the distribution service provider for all customers and charges a regulated rate for distribution service, which is recorded in Operating revenues. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation from competitive suppliers, ACE acts as the billing agent and therefore, ACE does not record Operating revenues or Purchased power expense related to the electricity. For customers that choose to purchase electric generation from ACE, ACE is permitted to recover the electricity, ZEC, and REC procurement costs without mark-up and therefore records equal and offsetting amounts in Operating revenues and Purchased power expense related to the electricity, ZECs, and RECs.

See Note 5 – Segment Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the presentation of ACE's revenue disaggregation.

The increase of $61 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to same period in 2023, in Purchased power expense is fully offset in Operating revenues as part of regulatory required programs.

The changes in Operating and maintenance expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Reflects a decrease in contracting costs for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to the absence of the ACE employee strike that occurred in 2023.

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ACE

The changes in Depreciation and amortization expense consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to ongoing capital expenditures.

(b)Regulatory required programs decreased primarily due to the regulatory asset amortization of the PPA termination obligation which is fully offset in Operating revenues.

Interest expense, net increased $7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to an increase in interest rates and the issuance of debt in 2023 and 2024.

Other, net decreased $6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily due to lower AFUDC equity.

Effective income tax rates were 26.2% and 23.1% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 13 — Income Taxes of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the components of the effective income tax rates.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

All results included throughout the liquidity and capital resources section are presented on a GAAP basis.

The Registrants’ operating and capital expenditures requirements are provided by internally generated cash flows from operations, as well as funds from external sources in the capital markets and through bank borrowings. The Registrants’ businesses are capital intensive and require considerable capital resources. Each of the Registrants annually evaluates its financing plan, dividend practices, and credit line sizing, focusing on maintaining its investment grade ratings while meeting its cash needs to fund capital requirements, including construction expenditures, retire debt, pay dividends, and fund pension and OPEB obligations. The Registrants spend a significant amount of cash on capital improvements and construction projects that have a long-term return on investment. Additionally, the Utility Registrants operate in rate-regulated environments in which the amount of new investment recovery may be delayed or limited and where such recovery takes place over an extended period of time. Each Registrant’s access to external financing on reasonable terms depends on its credit ratings and current overall capital market business conditions, including that of the utility industry in general. If these conditions deteriorate to the extent that the Registrants no longer have access to the capital markets at reasonable terms, the Registrants have access to credit facilities with aggregate bank commitments of $4.0 billion, as of December 31, 2024. The Registrants utilize their credit facilities to support their commercial paper programs, provide for other short-term borrowings, and to issue letters of credit. See the “Credit Matters and Cash Requirements” section below for additional information. The Registrants expect cash flows to be sufficient to meet operating expenses, financing costs, and capital expenditure requirements. See Note 16 — Debt and Credit Agreements of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Registrants’ debt and credit agreements.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

The Utility Registrants' cash flows from operating activities primarily result from the transmission and distribution of electricity and, in the case of PECO, BGE, and DPL, gas distribution services. The Utility Registrants' distribution services are provided to an established and diverse base of retail customers. The Utility Registrants' future cash flows may be affected by the economy, weather conditions, future legislative initiatives, future regulatory proceedings with respect to their rates or operations, and their ability to achieve operating cost reductions. Additionally, ComEd is required to purchase CMCs from participating nuclear-powered generating facilities for a five-year period, and all of its costs of doing so will be recovered through a new rider. The price to be paid for each CMC is established through a competitive bidding process. ComEd will provide net payments to, or collect net payments from, customers for the difference between customer credits issued and the credit to be

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received from the participating nuclear-powered generating facilities. ComEd’s cash flows are affected by the establishment of CMC prices and the timing of recovering costs through the CMC regulatory asset.

See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters and Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on regulatory and legal proceedings and proposed legislation.

The following table provides a summary of the change in cash flows from operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 by Registrant:

Changes in the Registrants' cash flows from operations were generally consistent with changes in each Registrant’s respective results of operations, as adjusted by changes in working capital in the normal course of business, except as discussed below. Significant operating cash flow impacts for the Registrants for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

•See Note 22 —Supplemental Financial Information of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and the Registrants’ Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for additional information on non-cash operating activities.

•Changes in collateral depended upon whether the Registrant was in a net mark-to-market liability or asset position, and collateral may have been required to be posted with or collected from its counterparties. In addition, the collateral posting and collection requirements differed depending on whether the transactions were on an exchange or in the over-the-counter markets. Changes in collateral for the Utility Registrants are dependent upon the credit exposure of procurement contracts that may require suppliers to post collateral. The amount of cash collateral received from external counterparties remained relatively consistent due to stable energy prices. See Note 15 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

•See Note 13 — Income Taxes of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and the Registrants' Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for additional information on income taxes.

•Changes in Pension and non-pension postretirement benefit contributions relate to Exelon's increased contributions to the Qualified Plans during the year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 14 — Retirement Benefits

•Changes in Regulatory assets and liabilities, net, are due to the timing of cash payments for costs recoverable, or cash receipts for costs recovered, under our regulatory mechanisms differs from the recovery period of those costs. Included within the changes is energy efficiency spend for ComEd of $435 million and $416 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Also included within the changes is energy efficiency and demand response programs spend for BGE, Pepco, DPL, and ACE of $127 million, $52 million, $21 million, and $37 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively, and $132 million, $70 million, $25 million, and $20 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. PECO had no energy efficiency

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and demand response programs spend recorded to a regulatory asset for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. See Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

•Changes in working capital and other noncurrent assets and liabilities for the Utility Registrants and Exelon Corporate total $(223) million and $(533) million. The change in working capital and other noncurrent assets and liabilities for Exelon Corporate and the Utility Registrants is dependent upon the normal course of operations for all Registrants. For ComEd, it is also dependent upon whether the participating nuclear-powered generating facilities owe money to ComEd as a result of the established pricing for CMCs. For the year ended December 31, 2024, the established pricing resulted in ComEd owing payments to nuclear-powered generating facilities, which is reported within the cash flows from operations as a change in Accounts payable and accrued expense.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

The following table provides a summary of the change in cash flows from investing activities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 by Registrant:

Significant investing cash flow impacts for the Registrants for 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

•Variances in Capital expenditures are primarily due to the timing of cash expenditures for capital projects. See the "Credit Matters and Cash Requirements" section below for additional information on projected capital expenditure spending for the Utility Registrants.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

The following table provides a summary of the change in cash flows from financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 by Registrant:

Significant financing cash flow impacts for the Registrants for 2024 and 2023 were as follows:

•Changes in short-term borrowings, net, is driven by repayments on and issuances of notes due in less than 365 days. Refer to Note 16 — Debt and Credit Agreements of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Short-term borrowings for the Registrants.

•Long-term debt, net, varies due to debt issuances and redemptions each year. Refer to the debt issuances and redemptions tables below for additional information for the Registrants.

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•Changes in intercompany money pool are driven by short-term borrowing needs. Refer below for more information regarding the intercompany money pool.

•Issuance of common stock relates to the third quarter 2024 issuance of Exelon common stock. See Note 19 — Shareholders' Equity of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

•Exelon’s ability to pay dividends on its Common stock depends on the receipt of dividends paid by its operating subsidiaries. The payments of dividends to Exelon by its subsidiaries in turn depend on their results of operations and cash flows and other items affecting Retained earnings. See Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on dividend restrictions. See below for quarterly dividends declared.

•Other financing activities primarily consists of debt issuance costs. See debt issuances table below for additional information on the Registrants’ debt issuances.

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Debt Issuances and Redemptions

See Note 16 — Debt and Credit Agreements of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information of the Registrants’ long-term debt. Debt activity for 2024 and 2023 by Registrant was as follows:

During 2024, the following long-term debt was issued:

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During 2023, the following long-term debt was issued:

During 2024, the following long-term debt was retired and/or redeemed:

(a)Variable interest on the DPL unsecured tax-exempt bonds reset on a weekly basis.

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(b)Exelon repurchased a portion of its Senior unsecured notes during 2024. Refer to Note 16 — Debt and Credit Agreements of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

During 2023, the following long-term debt was retired and/or redeemed:

From time to time and as market conditions warrant, the Registrants may engage in long-term debt retirements via tender offers, open market repurchases or other viable options to reduce debt on their respective balance sheets.

Dividends

Quarterly dividends declared by the Exelon Board of Directors during the year ended December 31, 2024 and for the first quarter of 2025 were as follows:

___________

(a)Exelon's Board of Directors approved an updated dividend policy for 2025. The 2025 quarterly dividend will be $0.40 per share.

Credit Matters and Cash Requirements

The Registrants fund liquidity needs for capital expenditures, working capital, energy hedging, and other financial commitments through cash flows from continuing operations, public debt offerings, commercial paper markets, and large, diversified credit facilities. The credit facilities include $4.0 billion in aggregate total commitments of which $2.6 billion was available to support additional commercial paper as of December 31, 2024, and of which no financial institution has more than 6.2% of the aggregate commitments for the Registrants. The Registrants had access to the commercial paper markets and had availability under their revolving credit facilities during 2024 to fund their short-term liquidity needs, when necessary. Exelon Corporate and the Utility Registrants each have a 5-year revolving credit facility. See Note 16 — Debt and Credit Agreements of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. The Registrants had access to the commercial paper markets and had availability under their revolving credit facilities during 2024 to fund their short-term liquidity needs, when necessary. The Registrants routinely review the sufficiency of their liquidity position, including appropriate sizing of credit facility commitments, by performing various stress test scenarios, such as commodity price movements, increases in margin-related transactions, changes in hedging levels, and the impacts of hypothetical credit downgrades. The Registrants closely monitor events in the financial markets and the financial institutions associated with the credit facilities, including monitoring credit ratings and outlooks, credit default swap levels, capital raising, and merger activity. See PART I, ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS for additional information regarding the effects of uncertainty in the capital and credit markets.

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The Registrants believe their cash flow from operating activities, access to credit markets, and their credit facilities provide sufficient liquidity to support the estimated future cash requirements discussed below.

On August 4, 2022, Exelon entered into an agreement with certain underwriters in connection with an underwritten public offering (the “Offering”) of 11.3 million shares (the “Shares”) of its Common stock, no par value (“Common Stock”). The Shares were sold to the underwriters at a price per share of $43.32. Exelon also granted the underwriters an option to purchase an additional 1.695 million shares of Common stock also at the price per share of $43.32. On August 5, 2022, the underwriters exercised the option in full. The net proceeds from the Offering and the exercise of the underwriters’ option were $563 million before expenses paid by Exelon. Exelon used the proceeds, together with available cash balances, to repay $575 million in borrowings under a $1.15 billion term loan credit facility. See Note 16 — Debt and Credit Agreements for additional information on Exelon’s term loan within our 2022 10-K.

On August 4, 2022, Exelon executed an equity distribution agreement (“Equity Distribution Agreement”), with certain sales agents and forward sellers and certain forward purchasers, establishing an ATM equity distribution program under which it may offer and sell shares of its Common stock, having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $1.0 billion. Exelon has no obligation to offer or sell any shares of Common stock under the Equity Distribution Agreement and may, at any time, suspend or terminate offers and sales under the Equity Distribution Agreement. In the fourth quarter 2023, Exelon issued approximately 3.6 million shares of Common stock at an average gross price of $39.58 per share. In the third quarter 2024, Exelon issued approximately 4 million shares of Common Stock at an average gross price of $37.60 per share. The net proceeds from the 2023 and 2024 issuances were $140 million and $148 million, which were used for general corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2024, $708 million of Common stock remained available for sale pursuant to the ATM program.

The following table presents the incremental collateral that each Utility Registrant would have been required to provide in the event each Utility Registrant lost its investment grade credit rating at December 31, 2024 and available credit facility capacity prior to any incremental collateral at December 31, 2024:

__________

(a)Represents incremental collateral related to natural gas procurement contracts.

Capital Expenditures

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As of December 31, 2024, estimates of capital expenditures for plant additions and improvements are as follows:

___________

(a)Numbers rounded to the nearest $25M and may not sum due to rounding.

(b)Includes estimated capital expenditures for the Utility Registrants from 2026 to 2028.

Projected capital expenditures and other investments are subject to periodic review and revision to reflect changes in economic conditions and other factors. Projected capital expenditures at the Utility Registrants are for continuing projects to maintain and improve operations, including enhancing reliability and adding capacity to the transmission and distribution systems. The Utility Registrants anticipate that they will fund their capital expenditures with a combination of internally generated funds and borrowings and additional capital contributions from parent.

Retirement Benefits

Management considers various factors when making pension funding decisions, including actuarially determined minimum contribution requirements under ERISA, contributions required to avoid benefit restrictions and at-risk status as defined by the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (the Act), management of the pension obligation, and regulatory implications. The Act requires the attainment of certain funding levels to avoid benefit restrictions (such as an inability to pay lump sums or to accrue benefits prospectively), and at-risk status (which triggers higher minimum contribution requirements and participant notification). The projected contributions below reflect a funding strategy to make annual contributions with the objective of achieving 100% funded status on an ABO basis over time. This funding strategy helps minimize volatility of future period required pension contributions. Exelon’s estimated annual qualified pension contributions will be $275 million in 2025. Unlike the qualified pension plans, Exelon’s non-qualified pension plans are not funded, given they are not subject to statutory minimum contribution requirements.

While OPEB plans are also not subject to statutory minimum contribution requirements, Exelon does fund certain of its plans. For Exelon's funded OPEB plans, contributions generally equal accounting costs, however, Exelon’s management has historically considered several factors in determining the level of contributions to its OPEB plans, including liabilities management, levels of benefit claims paid, and regulatory implications (amounts deemed prudent to meet regulatory expectations and best assure continued rate recovery). The amounts below include benefit payments related to unfunded plans.

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The following table provides all Registrants' planned contributions to the qualified pension plans, planned benefit payments to non-qualified pension plans, and planned contributions to OPEB plans in 2025:

To the extent interest rates decline significantly or the pension and OPEB plans earn less than the expected asset returns, annual pension contribution requirements in future years could increase. Conversely, to the extent interest rates increase significantly or the pension and OPEB plans earn greater than the expected asset returns, annual pension and OPEB contribution requirements in future years could decrease. Additionally, expected contributions could change if Exelon changes its pension or OPEB funding strategy.

See Note 14 — Retirement Benefits of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on pension and OPEB contributions.

Cash Requirements for Other Financial Commitments

The following tables summarize the Registrants' future estimated cash payments as of December 31, 2024 under existing financial commitments:

Exelon

__________

(a)Includes amounts from ComEd and PECO financing trusts.

(b)Interest payments are estimated based on final maturity dates of debt securities outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and do not reflect anticipated future refinancing, early redemptions, or debt issuances. Variable rate interest obligations are estimated based on rates as of December 31, 2024. Includes estimated interest payments due to ComEd and PECO financing trusts.

(c)Represents commitments to purchase natural gas and related transportation, storage capacity, and services.

(d)Represents the future estimated value at December 31, 2024 of the cash flows associated with all contracts, both cancellable and non-cancellable, entered into between the Registrants or subsidiary and third-parties for the provision of services and materials, entered into in the normal course of business not specifically reflected elsewhere in this table. These estimates are subject to significant variability from period to period.

(e)These amounts represent Exelon’s expected contributions to its qualified pension plans. Qualified pension contributions for years after 2030 are not included.

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ComEd

__________

(a)Includes amounts from ComEd financing trust.

(b)Interest payments are estimated based on final maturity dates of debt securities outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and do not reflect anticipated future refinancing, early redemptions, or debt issuances. Includes estimated interest payments due to the ComEd financing trust.

(c)Represents the future estimated value, as of December 31, 2024, of the cash flows associated with all contracts, both cancellable and non-cancellable, entered into between ComEd and third-parties for the provision of services and materials, entered into in the normal course of business not specifically reflected elsewhere in this table. These estimates are subject to significant variability from period to period.

PECO

__________

(a)Includes amounts from PECO financing trusts.

(b)Interest payments are estimated based on final maturity dates of debt securities outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and do not reflect anticipated future refinancing, early redemptions, or debt issuances. Includes estimated interest payments due to the PECO financing trusts.

(c)Represents commitments to purchase natural gas and related transportation, storage capacity, and services.

(d)Represents the future estimated value, as of December 31, 2024, of the cash flows associated with all contracts, both cancellable and non-cancellable, entered into between PECO and third-parties for the provision of services and materials, entered into in the normal course of business not specifically reflected elsewhere in this table. These estimates are subject to significant variability from period to period.

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BGE

__________

(a)Interest payments are estimated based on final maturity dates of debt securities outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and do not reflect anticipated future refinancing, early redemptions, or debt issuances.

(b)Represents commitments to purchase natural gas and related transportation, storage capacity, and services.

(c)Represents the future estimated value, as of December 31, 2024, of the cash flows associated with all contracts, both cancellable and non-cancellable, entered into between BGE and third-parties for the provision of services and materials, entered into in the normal course of business not specifically reflected elsewhere in this table. These estimates are subject to significant variability from period to period.

PHI

__________

(a)Interest payments are estimated based on final maturity dates of debt securities outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and do not reflect anticipated future refinancing, early redemptions, or debt issuances. Variable rate interest obligations are estimated based on rates as of December 31, 2024.

(b)Represents commitments to purchase natural gas and related transportation, storage capacity, and services.

(c)Represents the future estimated value, as of December 31, 2024, of the cash flows associated with all contracts, both cancellable and non-cancellable, entered into between Pepco, DPL, ACE, and PHISCO and third-parties for the provision of services and materials, entered into in the normal course of business not specifically reflected elsewhere in this table. These estimates are subject to significant variability from period to period.

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Pepco

__________

(a)Interest payments are estimated based on final maturity dates of debt securities outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and do not reflect anticipated future refinancing, early redemptions, or debt issuances.

(b)Represents the future estimated value, as of December 31, 2024, of the cash flows associated with all contracts, both cancellable and non-cancellable, entered into between Pepco and third-parties for the provision of services and materials, entered into in the normal course of business not specifically reflected elsewhere in this table. These estimates are subject to significant variability from period to period.

DPL

__________

(a)Interest payments are estimated based on final maturity dates of debt securities outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and do not reflect anticipated future refinancing, early redemptions, or debt issuances. Variable rate interest obligations are estimated based on rates as of December 31, 2024.

(b)Represents commitments to purchase natural gas and related transportation, storage capacity, and services.

(c)Represents the future estimated value, as of December 31, 2024, of the cash flows associated with all contracts, both cancellable and non-cancellable, entered into between DPL and third-parties for the provision of services and materials, entered into in the normal course of business not specifically reflected elsewhere in this table. These estimates are subject to significant variability from period to period.

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ACE

__________

(a)Interest payments are estimated based on final maturity dates of debt securities outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and do not reflect anticipated future refinancing, early redemptions, or debt issuances.

(b)Represents the future estimated value, as of December 31, 2024, of the cash flows associated with all contracts, both cancellable and non-cancellable, entered into between ACE and third-parties for the provision of services and materials, entered into in the normal course of business not specifically reflected elsewhere in this table. These estimates are subject to significant variability from period to period.

See Note 18 — Commitments and Contingencies and Note 3 — Regulatory Matters of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information of the Registrants’ other commitments potentially triggered by future events. Additionally, see below for where to find additional information regarding the financial commitments in the tables above in the Combined Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements:

Credit Facilities

Exelon Corporate, ComEd, and BGE meet their short-term liquidity requirements primarily through the issuance of commercial paper. PECO meets its short-term liquidity requirements primarily through the issuance of commercial paper and borrowings from the Exelon intercompany money pool. Pepco, DPL, and ACE meet their short-term liquidity requirements primarily through the issuance of commercial paper and borrowings from the PHI intercompany money pool. PHI Corporate meets its short-term liquidity requirements primarily through the issuance of short-term notes and the Exelon intercompany money pool. The Registrants may use their respective credit facilities for general corporate purposes, including meeting short-term funding requirements and the issuance of letters of credit.

See Note 16 — Debt and Credit Agreements of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Registrants’ credit facilities and short term borrowing activity.

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Capital Structure

As of December 31, 2024, the capital structures of the Registrants consisted of the following:

__________

(a)Includes approximately $390 million, $206 million, and $184 million owed to unconsolidated affiliates of Exelon, ComEd, and PECO respectively. These special purpose entities were created for the sole purposes of issuing mandatory redeemable trust preferred securities of ComEd and PECO.

Security Ratings

The Registrants’ access to the capital markets, including the commercial paper market, and their respective financing costs in those markets, may depend on the securities ratings of the entity that is accessing the capital markets.

The Registrants’ borrowings are not subject to default or prepayment as a result of a downgrading of securities, although such a downgrading of a Registrant’s securities could increase fees and interest charges under that Registrant’s credit agreements.

As part of the normal course of business, the Registrants enter into contracts that contain express provisions or otherwise permit the Registrants and their counterparties to demand adequate assurance of future performance when there are reasonable grounds for doing so. In accordance with the contracts and applicable contracts law, if the Registrants are downgraded by a credit rating agency, it is possible that a counterparty would attempt to rely on such a downgrade as a basis for making a demand for adequate assurance of future performance, which could include the posting of additional collateral. See Note 15 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on collateral provisions.

The credit ratings for Registrants did not change for the year ended December 31, 2024. On January 17, 2025, Fitch Ratings affirmed and withdrew the long-term and short-term issuer default ratings along with individual securities ratings of the Registrants for commercial reasons. On February 7, 2025, S&P raised its long-term issuer credit rating for Exelon and PECO from 'BBB+' to 'A-', and raised its rating on Exelon’s senior unsecured debt from ‘BBB’ to 'BBB+'. S&P also affirmed its short-term issuer and commercial paper rating for Exelon and PECO of 'A-2'.

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Intercompany Money Pool

To provide an additional short-term borrowing option that will generally be more favorable to the borrowing participants than the cost of external financing, both Exelon and PHI operate an intercompany money pool. Maximum amounts contributed to and borrowed from the money pool by participant and the net contribution or borrowing as of December 31, 2024, are presented in the following tables.

Shelf Registration Statements

As of January 1st, 2024 Exelon and the Utility Registrants had an effective combined shelf registration statement, unlimited in amount (“Legacy Registration Statement”). On February 20, 2024, Exelon Corporation filed with the SEC Post-Effective Amendment 1 to its Legacy Registration Statement to remove and withdraw registration of all registered securities of ACE, DPL, PECO and BGE.

On February 21, 2024, Exelon Corporation, together with Pepco and ComEd as co-registrants, filed with the SEC Post-Effective Amendment 2 to its Legacy Registration Statement. Post-Effective Amendment 2 amends the Legacy Registration Statement to include an authorized limit of $7,200 million, which can be used to issue Exelon Corporation debt securities and equity securities, as well as Pepco and ComEd debt securities, through the expiration date of August 3, 2025. The amended Legacy Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on April 30, 2024. On February 21, 2024, PECO and BGE filed with the SEC a standalone automatically effective shelf registration statement, unlimited in amount, which can be used to issue PECO and BGE debt securities through the expiration date of February 20, 2027. The ability of Exelon Corporation, ComEd, Pepco, PECO and BGE to sell securities off their corresponding registration Statements, or to access the private placement markets, will depend on a number of factors at the time of the proposed sale, including other required regulatory approvals, as applicable, the current financial condition of the Registrant, its securities ratings and market conditions.

As a result of Post-Effect Amendment 1, DPL and ACE filed to deregister all securities that remain unsold. DPL and ACE periodically issue securities through the private placement markets. DPL and ACE's ability to access the private placement markets will depend on a number of factors at the time of the proposed sale, including other required regulatory approvals, as applicable, current financial condition, securities ratings and market conditions.

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Regulatory Authorizations

The Utility Registrants are required to obtain short-term and long-term financing authority from Federal and State Commissions as follows: