# EverQuote, Inc. (EVER) FY 2024 MD&A

Verbatim Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis from EverQuote, Inc.'s 10-K for fiscal year 2024.

SEC filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1640428/000095017025026724/ever-20241231.htm
Accession: 0000950170-25-026724
Filing date: 2025-02-25
Report date: 2024-12-31
Extracted from a substantive MD&A body after the formal Item 7 span was a TOC or reference stub.
Confidence: high

Company profile: /company/EVER/
All MD&A years: /company/EVER/mda/
Previous year: /company/EVER/mda/fy2023/ (FY 2023)
Next year: /company/EVER/mda/fy2025/ (FY 2025)

Overview

We operate a leading online marketplace for insurance shopping, connecting consumers with insurance provider customers, which includes both carriers and agents. Our vision is to be the leading growth partner for P&C insurance providers. Our results-driven marketplace, powered by our proprietary data and technology platform, is improving the way insurance providers attract and connect with consumers shopping for insurance.

We operate a marketplace to connect insurance providers to a large volume of high-intent, pre-validated consumer referrals that match the insurers’ specific underwriting and profitability requirements. The transparency of our marketplace, as well as the campaign management tools we offer, are designed to make it easy for insurance carriers and third-party agents to evaluate the performance of their marketing spend on our platform and manage their own return on investment. We present consumers with a single starting point for a comprehensive insurance shopping experience where consumers can engage with insurance carriers through multiple channels based on their preferences. Our marketplace enables consumers to choose to visit an insurance provider’s website to purchase a policy or engage with a carrier or agent by phone or submit their data to insurance providers to receive quotes. Our services are free for consumers, and we derive our revenue principally from consumer inquires sold as referrals to insurance providers.

In 2023, we exited our health insurance vertical, an area that would have required significant capital investment and scale to effectively compete amid an increasingly unpredictable regulatory environment, to increase focus on core verticals, and implemented a workforce reduction plan, or the Reduction Plan, to improve operating efficiency. We refer to the exit of our health insurance vertical and the Reduction Plan as our restructuring, which we completed by September 30, 2023.

In the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our total revenue was $500.2 million, $287.9 million and $404.1 million, respectively, representing a year-over-year increase of 73.7% from 2023 to 2024 and a year-over-year decrease of 28.8% from 2022 to 2023. We had net income of $32.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and net losses of $51.3 million and $24.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and had $58.2 million, $0.5 million and $5.9 million in adjusted EBITDA for these same periods, respectively. See the section titled “—Non-GAAP Financial Measure” for information regarding our use of adjusted EBITDA and its reconciliation to net income (loss) determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP.

Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that our performance and future growth depend on a number of factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges, including those discussed below and in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

Auto insurance industry risk

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we derived 89% and 79%, respectively, of our revenue from auto insurance providers and our financial results depend on the performance of the auto insurance industry. Furthermore, total revenue from our largest auto insurance carrier customer was 39% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and revenue from our two largest customers was 27% in the aggregate of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023. In 2023 and 2022, the auto insurance industry experienced deteriorated underwriting performance due to a rise in claims, inflation, and inadequate policy premiums. This deteriorated underwriting performance caused our insurance carrier customers to reduce spending on new customer acquisition, which had a negative impact on the pricing and demand for consumer referrals in our marketplace throughout 2023. The state of the auto insurance market remains volatile, and while we saw improvements in spending patterns in 2024, including from our largest carrier customer, not all of our carrier customers have increased their spend in a proportional or significant manner, and a full recovery could be prolonged by further cost inflation, increased claim severity and frequency, or insufficient policy premium increases.

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Expanding consumer traffic

Our success depends in part on the growth of our consumer traffic. We have historically increased consumer traffic to our marketplace by expanding existing advertising channels and adding new channels such as by engaging with consumers through our verified partner network. Over the long term, we plan to increase consumer traffic by leveraging the features and growing the data assets of our platform. While we plan to grow consumer traffic, we have the ability to decrease advertising spend when the revenue associated with such consumer traffic does not result in incremental profit to our business or in response to lower demand for consumer referrals. Further, our profitability will be impacted by our ability to acquire quote requests in significant volume, at prices that are attractive, and that represent high-intent shoppers for which insurance providers will purchase referrals.

Increasing the number of insurance providers and their respective spend in our marketplace

Our success also depends on our ability to retain and grow our insurance provider network. Historically, we have generally expanded both the number of insurance providers and the spend per provider on our platform. In the more recent past, we experienced periods of decreasing carrier spend in the automotive insurance vertical as described above.

Regulation

Our revenue and earnings may fluctuate from time to time as a result of changes to federal, state, and industry-based laws and regulations, or changes to standards concerning the enforcement thereof. Our business could be affected directly because we operate websites, conduct telephonic and email marketing, and collect, store, share, and use consumer information and other data. Our business also could be affected indirectly if our customers were to adjust their operations as a result of regulatory changes and enforcement activity. For example, on January 26, 2024, the FCC published regulations which, among other things, would have amended the consent requirements of the TCPA by requiring “one-to-one consent” for outbound telemarketing calls or texts made using an automatic telephone dialing system or pre-recorded or artificial voice messages to wireless or residential numbers. On January 24, 2025, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit vacated these amended regulations, which were scheduled to go into effect on January 27, 2025. It remains unclear whether or how government agencies or legislatures will revisit telephone call consent issues.

In addition, a number of states have enacted (and others are considering) broad data privacy laws that could affect our business. Although it remains unclear how these new privacy laws may be modified or interpreted, their effects could have an impact on our business, and may require us to modify our data use practices and policies and incur compliance-related costs and expenses.

Key Business Metrics

We regularly review a number of metrics, including GAAP operating results and the key metrics listed below, to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate financial projections, and make operating and strategic decisions. Some of these metrics are non-financial metrics or are financial metrics that are not defined by GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss), adjusted to exclude: stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and amortization expense, restructuring and other charges, acquisition-related costs, interest income and income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we present in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to supplement the financial information we present on a GAAP basis. We monitor and present Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our operating performance, to establish budgets and to develop operational goals for managing our business. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation from, or as an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered together with other operating and financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP. Also, Adjusted EBITDA may not necessarily be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. For further explanation of the uses and limitations of this measure and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income (loss), please see “—Non-GAAP Financial Measure.”

Variable Marketing Dollars and Margin

We define variable marketing dollars, or VMD, as revenue, as reported in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss), less advertising costs (a component of sales and marketing expense, as reported in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss)). We define variable marketing margin, or VMM, as VMD divided by revenue.

We use VMD and VMM to measure the efficiency of individual advertising and consumer acquisition sources and to make trade-off decisions to manage our return on advertising. We do not use VMD or VMM as a measure of profitability.

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Key Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

We generate our revenue primarily from consumer inquiries sold as referrals to insurance provider customers, consisting of carriers and agents, as well as to indirect distributors. To simplify the quoting process for the consumer and improve performance for the provider, we are able to provide consumer-submitted quote request data along with each referral. We recognize revenue from consumer referrals at the time of delivery. We support three secure consumer referral formats:

•
Clicks: An online-to-online referral, with a handoff of the consumer to the provider’s website.

•
Data: An online-to-offline referral, with quote request data transmitted to the provider for follow-up.

•
Calls: An online-to-offline referral for outbound calls and an offline-to-offline referral for inbound calls, with the consumer and provider connected by phone.

We also generate revenue from commissions paid to us by insurance carriers for the sale of policies by our direct to consumer, or DTC, insurance agency in our automotive insurance vertical, and prior to our exit from health in 2023, in our health insurance vertical. Commission revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of our performance obligation, which we consider to be submission of the policy application to the insurance carrier. We recognize revenue based on our constrained estimate of commission payments we expect to receive over the lifetime of the policies sold, which we refer to as constrained LTVs, of commission payments. Commission revenue represented less than 10% of total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and 13% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. Since our exit from the health vertical in 2023, commission revenue has decreased significantly, and we do not expect it to be a material source of revenue in the future.

For the periods presented, our total revenue consisted of revenue generated within our insurance verticals as follows:

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Cost and Operating Expenses

Our cost and operating expenses consist of cost of revenue, sales and marketing, research and development, general and administrative expenses, restructuring and other charges and acquisition-related costs.

We allocate certain overhead expenses, such as rent, utilities, office supplies and depreciation and amortization of general office assets, to cost of revenue and operating expense categories based on headcount. As a result, an overhead expense allocation is reflected in cost of revenue, sales and marketing, research and development and general and administrative expenses. Personnel-related costs included in cost of revenue and operating expense categories include wages, fringe benefit costs and stock-based compensation expense.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue is comprised primarily of the costs of operating our marketplace and delivering consumer referrals to our customers. These costs consist primarily of technology service costs including hosting, software, data services, and third-party call center costs. In addition, cost of revenue includes depreciation and amortization of our platform technology assets and personnel-related costs.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense consists primarily of advertising and marketing expenditures as well as personnel-related costs for employees engaged in sales, marketing, data analytics and consumer acquisition functions and amortization of sales and marketing-related intangible assets. Advertising expenditures consist of variable costs that are related to attracting consumers to our marketplace, generating consumer quote requests, including the cost of quote requests we acquire from our verified partner network, and promoting our marketplace to carriers and agents. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Marketing costs consist primarily of content and creative development, public relations, memberships, and event costs. We expect our sales and marketing expense will increase as we expect increased carrier spend for referrals, which will impact our advertising expenditures.

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Research and Development

Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs for software development and product management. We have focused our research and development efforts on improving ease of use and functionality of our existing marketplace platform and developing new offerings and internal tools. We primarily expense research and development costs. Direct development costs related to software enhancements that add functionality are capitalized and amortized as a component of cost of revenue. We expect that research and development expense will increase modestly in 2025 as compared to 2024.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense consists of personnel-related costs and related expenses for executive, finance, legal, human resources, technical support and administrative personnel as well as the costs associated with professional fees for external legal, accounting and other consulting services, insurance premiums and payment processing and billing costs. We expect that general and administrative expense will increase modestly in 2025 as compared to 2024.

Restructuring and Other Charges

Restructuring and other charges includes costs related to the recent restructuring and our exit of the health insurance vertical. We completed this restructuring and exit from health in 2023.

Acquisition-related

Acquisition-related costs include expenses associated with third-party professional services we utilize for the evaluation and execution of acquisitions as well as changes in the fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities recorded as the result of our acquisitions of Eversurance and PolicyFuel, which occurred in 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) consists of interest income and other income (expense). Interest income consists of interest earned on invested cash balances. Other income (expense) consists of miscellaneous income (expense) unrelated to our core operations.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense is based on our estimate of taxable income, applicable income tax rates, net research and development tax credits, net operating loss carryforwards, changes in valuation allowance estimates and deferred income taxes.

Non-GAAP Financial Measure

To supplement our consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with GAAP and to provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we present in this Annual Report on Form 10-K adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP financial measure. Adjusted EBITDA is not based on any standardized methodology prescribed by GAAP and is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies.

Adjusted EBITDA. We define adjusted EBITDA as our net income (loss), excluding the impact of stock-based compensation expense; depreciation and amortization expense; restructuring and other charges; acquisition-related costs; interest income; and income taxes. The most directly comparable GAAP measure to adjusted EBITDA is net income (loss). We monitor and present in this Annual Report on Form 10-K adjusted EBITDA because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our operating performance, to establish budgets and to develop operational goals for managing our business. In particular, we believe that excluding the impact of these expenses in calculating adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core operating performance.

We use adjusted EBITDA to evaluate our operating performance and trends and make planning decisions. We believe adjusted EBITDA helps identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the expenses that we exclude in the calculation of adjusted EBITDA. Accordingly, we believe that adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhancing the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects.

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Adjusted EBITDA is not prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation of, or as an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are a number of limitations related to the use of adjusted EBITDA rather than net income (loss), which is the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

•
adjusted EBITDA excludes stock-based compensation expense as it has recently been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring non-cash expense for our business;

•
adjusted EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization expense and, although this is a non-cash expense, the assets being depreciated and amortized may have to be replaced in the future;

•
adjusted EBITDA excludes restructuring and other charges, which includes the sale of health assets, that affects cash available to us;

•
adjusted EBITDA excludes acquisition-related costs that affects cash available to us and the change in fair value of non-cash contingent consideration liabilities;

•
adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the cash received from interest income on our investments, which affects the cash available to us;

•
adjusted EBITDA does not reflect income taxes that affects cash available to us; and

•
the expenses and other items that we exclude in our calculation of adjusted EBITDA may differ from the expenses and other items, if any, that other companies may exclude from adjusted EBITDA when they report their operating results.

In addition, other companies may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of adjusted EBITDA as a tool for comparison.

The following table reconciles adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA:

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

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Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods shown:

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

(1)
Comprised of revenue from the following distribution channels:

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

(2)
Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

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(3) See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measure” for information regarding our use of adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP financial measure and a reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA to its comparable GAAP financial measure.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Revenue

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Revenue increased by $212.3 million from $287.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $500.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in revenue was due to an increase of $218.6 million in our automotive insurance vertical and an increase of $11.1 million in our home and renters insurance vertical, partially offset by a decrease of $17.4 million in our other insurance verticals. The increase in revenue from our automotive vertical was due to an increase in carrier spend for referrals of $223.8 million, a significant portion of which was from our largest customer, partially offset by a decrease in commission revenue of $5.2 million. The increase in revenue from our home and renters insurance vertical was primarily due to an increase in carrier spend for referrals. The decrease in revenue from our other insurance verticals was due to a decrease in commission revenue of $10.3 million and a decrease in carrier spend for referrals of $7.2 million, both due primarily to our exit from the health insurance vertical in 2023.

Cost of Revenue

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

Cost of revenue decreased from $22.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $20.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Cost of revenue decreased primarily due to a decrease in personnel-related costs of $1.4 million related primarily to decreased headcount related to our exit of the health insurance vertical, partially offset by an increase in third-party call center costs of $0.7 million due primarily to a net increase in call volume. Depreciation and amortization costs decreased by $0.7 million in 2024 due primarily to the acceleration of useful life of health insurance related assets and depreciation costs of technology assets that were fully depreciated in 2023 as they were no longer being used. Hosting costs also decreased by $0.3 million.

Sales and Marketing

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $147.6 million from $240.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $387.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in sales and marketing expense was primarily due to an increase in advertising costs of $157.3 million due to an increase in carrier spend, partially offset by a decrease in personnel-related costs of $9.2 million, primarily in our DTC agency. Personnel-related costs included stock-based compensation expense of $6.8 million and $8.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Technology services and agent license fees also decreased by $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively, due primarily to our exit from the health insurance vertical in 2023 and reduction in personnel, while marketing costs increased by $0.7 million due primarily to branding costs and customer events.

Research and Development

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

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Research and development expenses increased by $2.0 million from $27.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $29.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in research and development expense was due primarily to an increase in personnel-related costs of $1.7 million related primarily to net compensation. Personnel-related costs included stock-based compensation expense of $5.5 million and $8.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Travel, office allocations and consulting costs also increased by $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Technology service costs decreased by $0.9 million due to decreased cloud services usage.

General and Administrative

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

General and administrative expenses increased by $4.0 million from $26.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $30.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to an increase in personnel-related costs of $2.2 million and an increase in professional fees of $1.8 million for consulting services, partially offset by decreases in legal fees and insurance expense of $0.3 million each. Personnel-related costs included stock-based compensation expense of $8.1 million and $5.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Restructuring and Other Charges

There were no restructuring and other charges for the year ended December 31, 2024. Restructuring and other charges of $23.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted of the loss on the sale of health insurance vertical assets of $19.4 million and an asset impairment charge of $0.4 million for the right-of-use asset related to our Cambridge, Massachusetts office lease. Restructuring costs and other charges also included net employee separation charges and non-cash compensation related to the restructuring of $3.8 million.

Acquisition-related Costs

There were no acquisition-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2024. Acquisition-related costs for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $(0.2) million and consisted of a credit to acquisition-related costs for the decrease in fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) included interest income of $2.1 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The increase in interest income in 2024 was due to higher invested cash balances. Other income (expense), net was not significant for either of the years ended December 31, 2024 or 2023.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense of $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 consisted primarily of state and federal income taxes for the portion of our taxable income that was not offset by operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Income tax expense of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 consisted primarily of foreign and state income expense. As of December 31, 2024, we have federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $70.1 million and $82.5 million, respectively, that can be used to offset a portion of future taxable income. We maintain a valuation allowance on our overall net deferred tax asset as it is deemed more likely than not the net deferred tax asset will not be realized.

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Variable Marketing Dollars and Margin

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

The increase in variable marketing dollars was due primarily to increased carrier spend. The decrease in variable marketing margin was primarily due to the relative mix of referral types and competitive pricing for advertising spend.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022

For a discussion of our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2022, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents of $102.1 million as of December 31, 2024 and up to $25.0 million of availability under our revolving line of credit pursuant to the 2023 Amended Loan Agreement (defined as the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of August 7, 2020 between us and Western Alliance Bank, as Lender, or the 2020 Loan Agreement, as amended by the Loan and Security Modification Agreement dated as of July 15, 2022, or the 2022 Loan Amendment, as amended by the Loan and Security Modification Agreement dated as of August 1, 2023, or the 2023 Consent and Release, as amended by the Loan and Security Modification Agreement, dated as of on August 7, 2023, or the 2023 Loan Amendment, as amended by the Loan and Security Modification Agreement, dated as of September 4, 2024).

Pursuant to the 2023 Amended Loan Agreement, borrowings under the revolving line of credit cannot exceed 85% of eligible accounts receivable balances, bear interest at the greater of 7.0% or the prime rate as published in The Wall Street Journal and mature on July 15, 2025. In an event of default, as defined in the 2023 Amended Loan Agreement, and until such event is no longer continuing, the annual interest rate to be charged would be the annual rate otherwise applicable to borrowings under the 2023 Amended Loan Agreement plus 5.00%.

Borrowings are collateralized by substantially all of our assets and property. Under the 2023 Amended Loan Agreement, we have agreed to certain affirmative and negative covenants to which we will remain subject until maturity. The covenants include limitations on our ability to incur additional indebtedness and engage in certain fundamental business transactions, such as mergers or acquisitions of other businesses. In addition, under the 2023 Amended Loan Agreement and through the maturity date, we are required to maintain a minimum Adjusted Quick Ratio of 1.10 to 1.00 defined as the ratio of (1) the sum of (x) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held at the Lender plus (y) net accounts receivable reflected on our balance sheet to (2) current liabilities, including all borrowings outstanding under the 2023 Amended Loan Agreement, but excluding the current portion of deferred revenue (in each case determined in accordance with GAAP). At any time the Adjusted Quick Ratio is less than 1.30 to 1.00 the Lender shall have the ability to use our cash receipts to repay outstanding obligations until such time as the Adjusted Quick Ratio is equal to or greater than 1.30 to 1.00 for two consecutive months. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with these covenants and we had no amounts outstanding under the revolving line of credit.

In addition, we have an effective universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC that permits us to sell up to $150.0 million of any combination of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, rights or units from time to time and at prices and on terms that we may determine. The net proceeds of any securities we sell under this registration statement may be used for general corporate purposes, including among other possible uses, the acquisition of companies or businesses, repayment and refinancing of debt, working capital and capital expenditures. At this time we have no plans to sell any such securities under this registration statement.

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Prior to 2024, we incurred annual operating losses and we may incur losses in the future. We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements, without considering the borrowing availability under our revolving line of credit. Our future capital requirements may vary materially from those currently planned and will depend on many factors, including our revenue, the timing and extent of spending on business initiatives, purchases of capital equipment to support our growth, sales and marketing activities, impact to our business from our recent restructuring, expansion of our business through acquisitions or our investments in complementary offerings, technologies or businesses, market acceptance of our platform and overall economic conditions. If we do not achieve our revenue goals as planned, we believe that we can reduce our operating costs. If we need additional funds and are unable to obtain funding on a timely basis, we may need to significantly curtail our operations in an effort to provide sufficient funds to continue our operations, which could adversely affect our business prospects.

Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows:

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[[/GREPCENT_TABLE]]

Operating activities

Operating activities provided $66.6 million and used $2.8 million of cash during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 resulted from our net income of $32.2 million, net non-cash charges of $26.3 million and net cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $8.1 million. Net cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of a $43.7 million increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities and a $4.9 million decrease in commissions receivable, partially offset by a $40.2 million increase in accounts receivable.

Cash used by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 resulted from our net loss of $51.3 million and net cash used by changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $1.7 million, partially offset by net non-cash charges of $50.1 million, which included a loss on sale of health assets of $19.4 million. Net cash used by changes in our operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of a $15.0 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities, partially offset by an $8.2 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $4.2 million decrease in commissions receivable and a $1.0 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Changes in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets and accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities were generally due to level of activity in our business and timing of customer and vendor invoicing and payments. Collection of commissions receivable depends upon the timing of our receipt of commission payments from insurance carriers. A significant portion of our commissions receivable asset is classified as long term.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, consisting of cash used to acquire property and equipment, which included the capitalization of software development costs. Net cash provided by investing activities was $9.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, consisting of cash proceeds from the sale of Eversurance LLC of $13.2 million, partially offset by the acquisition of property and equipment of $3.8 million, which included the capitalization of certain software development costs.

Financing activities

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, net cash provided by financing activities was $1.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of proceeds received from the exercise of common stock options, partially offset by tax withholding payments relating to net share settlements.

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For a discussion of our cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022 see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Cash Flows included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our cash flows are dependent on a number of factors in addition to our operational expenditures, including our contractual and other obligations. As a result, our liquidity and capital resources in future periods should be analyzed in conjunction with such factors.

We lease office space in Cambridge, Massachusetts under non-cancelable operating leases through December 2027. We lease office space in Belfast, Northern Ireland pursuant to a sublease that expires in July 2027. As of December 31, 2024, we were obligated to make total minimum lease payments of $4.1 million under such leases, of which $1.4 million is payable in 2025.

We have outstanding agreements with various vendors for hosting and other technical services. We believe that we will be able to fund these obligations through our existing cash and cash equivalents.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements, appearing in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we believe that the following accounting policies are those most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We derive our revenue primarily by selling consumer referrals to our insurance provider customers, including insurance carriers, agents and indirect distributors. We also generate revenue from commission fees for the sale of policies, primarily in our automotive insurance vertical, and prior to our exit from health in 2023, in our health insurance vertical. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that we determine are within the scope of ASC 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation.

We only apply the five-step model to contracts when collectibility of the consideration to which we are entitled in exchange for the goods or services we transfer to the customer is determined to be probable. Amounts are recorded as accounts receivable when our right to consideration is unconditional. We do not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be one year or less.

Referral Revenue

We recognize referral revenue when we satisfy our performance obligations by delivering the referrals to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those referrals.

Commission Revenue and Commissions Receivable

Our commission revenue consists of the constrained LTVs of commission payments that we expect to receive in our automotive insurance vertical, and prior to our exit from health in 2023, that we expected to receive in our health insurance vertical on the sale of insurance policies to consumers and renewals of such policies. Commission revenue represented less than 10% of total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and 13% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022. Commission revenue is recognized upon satisfaction of our performance obligation. We consider our performance obligation related to commissions for both the initial policy sale and future renewals of the policy to be satisfied upon submission of the policy application. Therefore, a significant portion of the commission revenue we record upon satisfaction of our performance obligation is paid by our insurance provider customer over a multi-year time frame as policyholders renew and pay the insurance provider for their policies.

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The current portion of commissions receivable consists of estimated commissions on new policies sold and estimated renewal commissions on policies expected to be renewed within one year, while the non-current portion of commissions receivable are commissions for estimated renewals expected to be renewed beyond one year. Our estimate of constrained LTVs underlying the commissions receivable balance is based on an analysis of historical commission payment trends for relevant policies to establish an expected lifetime value and incorporates our judgment in interpreting those trends to calculate LTVs and to apply constraints to such LTVs. To the extent that we make changes to our estimates of constrained LTVs, we recognize any material impact of the change as an adjustment to revenue and commissions receivable in the reporting period in which the change is made. We had commissions receivable of $7.1 million as of December 31, 2024, of which $3.0 million was classified as current.

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

We record goodwill when consideration paid in a business acquisition exceeds the value of the net assets acquired. Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at that time but that are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events or circumstances may occur, which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results. During the measurement period, which extends no later than one year from the acquisition date, we may record certain adjustments to the carrying value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. After the measurement period, all adjustments are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as operating expenses or income.

Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if facts and circumstances warrant a review, such as significant underperformance of the business in relation to expectations, significant negative industry or economic trends and significant changes or planned changes in the use of the assets. We have determined that there is a single reporting unit for the purpose of conducting our goodwill impairment assessment. We assess both the existence of potential impairment and the amount of impairment loss by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. Intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. We amortize acquired intangible assets over their estimated useful lives based on the pattern of consumption of the economic benefits or, if that pattern cannot be readily determined, on a straight-line basis. To date, we have not recorded any impairments of goodwill or acquired intangible assets.

Stock-Based Compensation

We measure stock options and other stock-based awards granted to employees, nonemployees and directors based on their fair value on the date of the grant. We recognize compensation expense of employee awards, net of estimated forfeitures, over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. We apply the straight-line method of expense recognition to all employee awards with only service-based vesting conditions and apply the graded-vesting method to all employee awards with both service-based and performance-based vesting conditions, commencing when achievement of the performance condition becomes probable. Compensation expense for nonemployee awards is recognized in the same manner as if we had paid cash for the goods or services received, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award.

We estimate the fair value of stock options with service-based vesting or performance-based vesting granted using the Black Scholes option pricing model, which uses as inputs the fair value of our common stock and assumptions we make for the volatility of our common stock, the expected term of our common stock options, the risk-free interest rate for a period that approximates the expected term of our common stock options, and our expected dividend yield. We estimate the fair value of RSUs granted based on the market value of our common stock.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is disclosed in Note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements appearing in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.