Distribution Solutions Group, Inc. (DSGR) FY 2024 MD&A

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis of DSG’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in DSG’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed on March 7, 2024, the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in DSG’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed on March 14, 2023 and the Lawson Products, Inc. unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022, filed on April 28, 2022.

This section of the Annual Report on Form 10-K generally discusses the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the year-over-year comparisons between the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. As a result of the change in our operating and reportable segments during the third quarter of 2024, this section also presents year-over-year comparisons between the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2022 on a recasted basis to reflect the change. For additional details about our segment realignment in the third quarter of 2024, see Note 1 – Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

References to “DSG”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us” refer to Distribution Solutions Group, Inc. and all entities consolidated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Overview

Organization and Structure

DSG is a multi-platform specialty distribution company providing high touch, value-added distribution solutions to the maintenance, repair and operations (“MRO”), the original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) and the industrial technologies markets.

We manage and report our operating results through four reportable segments: Lawson, TestEquity, Gexpro Services and Canada Branch Division. A summary of our segments is presented below. For additional details about our segments, see Item 1. Business and Note 14 – Segment Information in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Lawson is a distributor of specialty products and services to the industrial, commercial, institutional and government MRO market.

TestEquity is a distributor of test and measurement equipment and solutions, industrial and electronic production supplies, vendor managed inventory programs, and converting, fabrication and adhesive solutions from its leading manufacturer partners supporting the aerospace and defense, wireless and communication, semiconductors, industrial electronics and automotive, and electronics manufacturing industries.

Gexpro Services is a global supply chain solutions provider, specializing in the development of mission critical production line management, aftermarket and field installation programs.

Canada Branch Division combines the operations of our Bolt and Source Atlantic subsidiaries, which distribute industrial MRO supplies, safety products, fasteners, power tools and related value-add services to the Canadian MRO market through the sale of products and services via warehouse shipments and to its walk-up customers through 38 branch locations.

In addition to these four reportable segments, we have an “All Other” category which includes unallocated DSG holding company costs that are not directly attributable to the ongoing operating activities of our reportable segments.

Recent Events

2024 Business and Asset Acquisitions

On November 18, 2024, DSG acquired the assets of ConRes Test Equipment, (“ConRes TE” and the “ConRes TE Transaction”). These assets were acquired to expand TestEquity’s test equipment offerings and value-add service capabilities

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in all of our end markets. The results of operations from the additional assets acquired from ConRes TE have been included in the TestEquity reportable segment subsequent to its acquisition date.

On October 30, 2024, DSG completed the acquisition of Tech-Component Resources Pte Ltd (“TCR” and the “TCR Transaction”). TCR is a distributor of fasteners, mechanical components, and other industrial products in Southeast Asia. TCR was acquired to provide us with a strategic foothold in this growing region. The results of operations of TCR have been included in the Gexpro Services reportable segment subsequent to its acquisition date.

On August 14, 2024, DSG completed the acquisition of Source Atlantic Limited (“Source Atlantic” and the “Source Atlantic Transaction”). Source Atlantic, headquartered in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, is a wholesale distributor of industrial MRO supplies, safety products, fasteners, and related value-add services for the Canadian MRO market. Source Atlantic was acquired to expand DSG’s operating footprint in the Canadian market. The results of operations of Source Atlantic have been included in the Canada Branch Division reportable segment subsequent to its acquisition date.

On May 1, 2024, DSG completed the acquisition of S&S Automotive Inc. (“S&S Automotive” and the “S&S Automotive Transaction”). S&S Automotive is a distributor of automotive, industrial, and safety supplies primarily to the automotive dealership market based near Chicago in Woodridge, Illinois. S&S Automotive was acquired to expand Lawson’s services and products to the automotive end market. The results of operations of S&S Automotive have been included in the Lawson reportable segment subsequent to its acquisition date.

On January 19, 2024, DSG acquired the assets of Safety Supply Illinois LLC, conducting business as Emergent Safety Supply (“ESS” and the “ESS Transaction”). ESS is a national distributor of safety products based near Chicago in Batavia, Illinois. ESS was acquired to expand Lawson’s safety product category. The results of operations of ESS have been included in the Lawson reportable segment subsequent to its acquisition date.

Refer to Note 3 – Business and Asset Acquisitions in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for additional information about these acquisitions.

Debt Amendment

On August 14, 2024, the Company entered into the Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”). The Third Amendment provided for an additional $200 million incremental term loan and a $55 million increase in the senior secured revolving credit facility to $255 million, and permits the Company to increase the commitments under the agreement from time to time by up to $300 million in the aggregate, subject to, among other things, receipt of additional commitments from existing and/or new lenders and pro forma compliance with certain financial covenants. Refer to Note 9 – Debt in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for additional information about DSG’s credit agreement.

Sales Drivers

DSG believes that the Purchasing Managers Index (“PMI”) published by the Institute for Supply Management is an indicative measure of the relative strength of the economic environment of the industry in which it operates. The PMI is a composite index of economic activity in the U.S. manufacturing sector. A measure of the PMI index above 50 is generally viewed as indicating an expansion of the manufacturing sector while a measure below 50 is generally viewed as representing a contraction. The average monthly PMI was 48.3 in the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to 47.1 in the year ended December 31, 2023, and 53.5 in the year ended December 31, 2022.

Lawson Sales Drivers

The North American MRO market is highly fragmented. Lawson competes for business with several national distributors as well as a large number of regional and local distributors. The MRO business is impacted by the overall strength of the manufacturing sector of the U.S. economy.

Lawson’s revenue is also influenced by the number of sales representatives and their productivity. Lawson plans to continue concentrating its efforts on increasing the productivity and size of its sales team. Additionally, Lawson drives revenue through the expansion of products sold to existing customers as well as attracting new customers and additional ship-

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to locations. Lawson also is expanding its inside sales team to help drive field sales representative productivity and also utilizes an e-commerce site to generate sales.

TestEquity Sales Drivers

Across the test and measurement, industrial and electronic production supplies businesses, the North American market is highly fragmented with competitors ranging from large global distributors to national and regional distributors.

Through the Hisco Transaction, TestEquity expanded its product offerings, including adhesives, chemicals and tapes as well as specialty materials such as electrostatic discharge, thermal management materials and static shielding bags. Hisco operates in 32 locations across North America, including its Precision Converting facilities that provide value-added fabrication and its Adhesive Materials Group that provides an array of custom repackaging solutions. Hisco also offers vendor-managed inventory and Radio Frequency Identification (“RFID”) programs with specialized warehousing for chemical management, logistics services and cold storage.

Gexpro Services Sales Drivers

The global supply chain solutions market is highly fragmented across Gexpro Services’ key vertical segments. Gexpro Services’ competitors range from large global distributors and manufacturers to small regional domestic distributors and manufacturers. Gexpro Services’ revenue is influenced by our OEMs’ production schedules, new product introduction launches, and service project needs.

Gexpro Services’ strategy is to increase revenue through increasing wallet share with existing customers, customer-led geographic expansion, new customer development in its six key vertical markets and leveraging its portfolio of recent acquisitions to expand its installation and aftermarket services.

Canada Branch Division Sales Drivers

Canada Branch Division combines the operations of our Bolt and Source Atlantic subsidiaries, which distribute industrial MRO supplies, safety products, fasteners, power tools and related value-add services to the Canadian MRO market through the sale of products and services via warehouse shipments and to its walk-up customers through 38 branch locations. Source Atlantic was acquired to expand DSG’s operating footprint in the Canadian market.

Canada Branch Division’s strategy is to grow revenue through increasing wallet share with existing customers, via introduction of new product lines and services in geographic areas that were underserviced previously. Additionally, Canada Branch Division will engage new customers and additional ship-to locations with its national sales team.

Supply Chain Disruptions

We continue to be affected by rising supplier costs caused by inflation and increased transportation and labor costs. We have instituted various price increases during 2023 and 2024 in response to rising supplier costs, as well as increased transportation and labor costs in order to manage our gross profit margins.

Cyber Incident Litigation

On February 10, 2022, DSG disclosed that Lawson Products’ computer network was the subject of a cyber incident potentially involving unauthorized access to certain confidential information (the “Cyber Incident”). DSG engaged a cybersecurity forensics firm to assist in the investigation of the incident and to assist in securing its computer network.

Because of the nature of the information that may have been compromised, DSG was required to notify the parties whose information was potentially compromised of the incident as well as various governmental agencies and has taken other actions, such as offering credit monitoring services. On April 4, 2023, a putative class action lawsuit was filed against DSG related to the Cyber Incident (the “Cyber Incident Suit”). At December 31, 2024, DSG had not incurred material costs as a result of the Cyber Incident. For more information about the Cyber Incident Suit, refer to Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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Factors Affecting Comparability to Prior Periods

Our results of operations are not directly comparable on a year-over-year basis due to various business combinations. We account for acquisitions under Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Accordingly, the results of acquisitions are only included subsequent to their respective acquisition dates. Business combinations that affected the year-over-year comparability of our financial results were as follows:

2024 Comparability Factors

Refer to the 2024 Business Acquisitions section above for a description of each acquisition completed in 2024 and the reportable segment that each acquisition’s respective results of operations is included in.

2023 Comparability Factors

On June 8, 2023, we completed the acquisition of HIS Company, Inc. The results of operations of HIS Company, Inc. have been included in the TestEquity reportable segment subsequent to the acquisition date.

2022 Comparability Factors

On April 1, 2022 (the “Merger Date”) we completed the Mergers whereby TestEquity and Gexpro Services became wholly-owned subsidiaries of DSG. The Mergers were accounted for as a reverse merger under the accounting guidance for reverse acquisitions as provided in ASC 805. Under this guidance, TestEquity and Gexpro Services were treated as a combined entity as the accounting acquirer for financial reporting purposes, and DSG was identified as the accounting acquiree. This determination was primarily made as TestEquity and Gexpro Services were under the common control of an entity that owned a majority of the voting rights of the combined entity, and therefore, only DSG experienced a change in control. Accordingly, the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 include the results of operations of TestEquity and Gexpro Services on a consolidated basis for the full year, and the results of operations of DSG’s legacy Lawson, Canada Branch Division and All Other have only been included subsequent to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date.

2022 Supplemental Information - Lawson and Canada Branch Division Pro Forma Operating Income and Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA

For management to discuss Lawson’s and Canada Branch Division’s operating results on a comparable basis, Lawson’s and Canada Branch Division’s GAAP results of operations were adjusted to include Lawson’s and Canada Branch Division’s historical pre-merger components of operating income, prior to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date, along with pre-merger pro forma adjustments prepared under SEC Regulation S-X Article 11, in order to reflect the total operating activities attributable to Lawson and Canada Branch Division for each period presented. Management believes this supplemental information provides the most meaningful basis of comparison for Lawson’s and Canada Branch Division’s operations, is more useful in identifying current business trends, and is important for the users of our financial statements in understanding Lawson’s and Canada Branch Division’s businesses. Refer to Note 1 – Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation and Note 3 – Business and Asset Acquisitions within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for information about the Mergers.

This supplemental information may not reflect the actual results we would have achieved had the Mergers occurred at the beginning of 2022 and should not be viewed as a substitute for the results of operations presented in accordance with GAAP. Lawson’s and Canada Branch Division’s historical operating results prior to the Mergers were obtained from the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in the Lawson Products, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022. The pro forma adjustments were obtained from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in DSG’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on August 24, 2023.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Company’s management believes that certain non-GAAP financial measures may provide users of this financial information with additional meaningful comparisons between current results and results in prior operating periods. Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures can provide additional meaningful reflection of underlying trends of the business because they provide a comparison of historical information that excludes certain infrequently occurring, seasonal or non-operational items that impact the overall comparability. These non-GAAP financial measures

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should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative for, the Company’s reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA

Management believes Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure of the Company’s operating performance and may provide investors with additional meaningful comparisons between current results and results in prior operating periods because Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain non-operational or non-cash items whose fluctuations from period to period do not necessarily correspond to changes in the operating performance of our business and consequently may impact the overall comparability from period to period. We define Adjusted EBITDA as operating income plus depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, severance and acquisition related retention costs, costs related to the execution and integration of acquisitions, inventory net realizable value adjustments, amortization of fair value step-up resulting from acquisitions and other non-recurring items. Management uses operating income and Adjusted EBITDA to evaluate the performance of its reportable segments. See Note 14 – Segment Information of our consolidated financial statements within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for additional information about our reportable segments.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA on a consolidated basis and Operating income to Adjusted EBITDA by segment for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. A reconciliation of Net income to Adjusted EBITDA by segment is not provided because management does not determine or review net income at the segment level and does not allocate non-operating costs and expenses to its segments, such as income taxes, interest expense, and various other non-operating income and expense.

Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA (Unaudited)

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(1)    Expense (benefit) primarily for stock-based compensation, of which a portion varies with the Company’s stock price.

(2)    Includes severance expense from actions taken not related to a formal restructuring plan and acquisition related retention expenses.

(3)    Transaction and integration costs related to acquisitions.

(4)    Inventory net realizable value adjustment recorded to reduce inventory related to discontinued products where the anticipated net realizable value was lower than the cost reflected in our records.

(5)    Inventory fair value step-up adjustment for acquisition accounting related to acquisitions completed.

(6)    Other non-recurring costs consist of certain non-recurring strategic projects and other non-recurring items.

(7)    Includes the operating results of Lawson, Canada Branch Division and All Other subsequent, but not prior, to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date in accordance with GAAP accounting guidance for reverse acquisitions.

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Composition of Results of Operations

The following results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 include the combined operations of DSG, while the following results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022 include the accounts of the TestEquity and Gexpro Services combined entity, as the accounting acquirer, for the full year, and the results of DSG’s legacy Lawson, Canada Branch Division and All Other businesses have only been included for activity subsequent, and not prior, to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date.

Segment revenue and Operating income (loss) by reportable segment includes sales to external customers and sales transactions between our segments, referred to as intersegment revenue, and the impact of those intersegment revenue transactions on operating activities. Reconciliations of segment revenue and Operating income (loss) to our consolidated results of operations in the consolidated financial statements are provided in Note 14 – Segment Information within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR 2024 AS COMPARED TO 2023

Consolidated Results of Operations

Overview of Consolidated Results of Operations

Our consolidated revenue increased $233.7 million for 2024 compared to 2023 primarily driven by $268.2 million of revenue from acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2024 offset by a decline in organic revenue of $34.5 million. Consolidated Gross profit and Selling, general and administrative expenses also increased over the prior year primarily driven by the inclusion of the Hisco, ESS, S&S, Source Atlantic, TCR and ConRes TE acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2024.

Refer to Results by Reportable Segment below for a complete discussion of our results of operations.

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Results by Reportable Segment

Lawson Segment

(1)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $0.3 million, or 0.1%, to $469.0 million in 2024 compared to revenue of $468.7 million in 2023. The increase was primarily driven by $39.8 million of revenue generated from the acquisitions completed in 2024 and strengthening sales within the automotive end market of $2.9 million, offset by a decline in sales to Lawson’s core, governmental and strategic customers of $42.4 million primarily as a result of fewer sales representatives.

Gross profit decreased $8.2 million, or 3.1%, to $257.3 million in 2024 compared to gross profit of $265.5 million in 2023 primarily due to a shift in sales toward larger lower margin profile customers and the amortization of the fair value step-up of inventory of $1.1 million related to the S&S Automotive Transaction. Lawson gross profit as a percent of revenue was 54.8% in 2024 compared to gross profit as a percent of revenue of 56.6% in the prior year. The gross profit margin percentage decrease for 2024 was primarily the result of the amortization of the fair value step-up of inventory of $1.1 million related to the S&S Automotive Transaction, a shift in sales toward larger lower margin profile customers and a lower margin profile from the 2024 acquisitions than its organic margin profile.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of compensation and support for Lawson sales representatives as well as expenses to operate Lawson’s distribution network and overhead expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $9.7 million to $242.7 million in 2024 compared to $233.0 million in 2023. Approximately $10.3 million of the increased expenses was driven by the acquisitions completed in 2024 in addition to higher severance and merger and acquisition expenses of $4.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively. These costs were partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $3.8 million and a decrease in variable compensation as a result of lower sales.

Adjusted EBITDA

During 2024, Lawson generated Adjusted EBITDA of $56.4 million, a decrease of 11.4% or $7.3 million from the prior year primarily driven by lower organic revenue and gross profit margin partially offset by contributions of approximately $6.2 million generated by the acquisitions completed in 2024.

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TestEquity Segment

(1)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $129.4 million, or 20.2%, to $771.2 million in 2024 compared to $641.8 million in 2023. The increase was primarily driven by $157.4 million of revenue generated from acquisitions completed in 2024 and 2023, partially offset by a $28.0 million decline in legacy TestEquity revenue due to a slowdown in the electronics assembly market causing softening in the electronic production supplies end markets.

Gross profit increased $34.0 million to $175.8 million in 2024 compared to $141.9 million in 2023 primarily as a result of the inclusion of the acquisitions completed in 2024 and 2023, which generated $39.5 million of additional gross profit during 2024, partially offset by a decrease in gross profit on the decline in legacy TestEquity revenue. TestEquity gross profit as a percent of revenue increased to 22.8% in 2024 compared to 22.1% in the prior year. 2023 included expense of $3.6 million for the amortization of the fair value step-up of inventory related to the acquisition completed in 2023.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of compensation and support for TestEquity’s sales representatives and expenses to operate TestEquity’s distribution network and overhead expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $13.5 million to $171.8 million in 2024 compared to $158.3 million in 2023. Approximately $17.3 million of the increased expenses, including depreciation, was driven by the acquisitions completed in 2024 and 2023. These costs were partially offset by lower merger and acquisition expenses of $4.0 million and lower personnel expenses in 2024 compared to 2023 inclusive of severance and acquisition related retention expenses.

Adjusted EBITDA

During 2024, TestEquity generated Adjusted EBITDA of $56.3 million, an increase of $13.0 million from the same period a year ago with an increase of approximately $16.2 million driven by the acquisitions completed in 2024 and 2023, partially offset by a reduction of $3.2 million in legacy TestEquity primarily due to a decline in organic revenue.

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Gexpro Services Segment

(1)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $35.0 million, or 8.6%, to $440.7 million in 2024 compared to $405.7 million in 2023. There were two more selling days in the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the same period a year ago. A selling day generally represents a business day in which Gexpro Services ships products to its customers. Average daily sales increased 7.8% over the same period a year ago. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by increased sales in the renewable energy vertical market of $21.8 million, increased sales in the aerospace and defense vertical market of $6.4 million, strengthening sales within the technology vertical market of $6.7 million and $0.6 million of revenue generated from the acquisition completed in 2024, partially offset by softness within the consumer and industrial vertical market.

Gross profit increased $17.4 million to $138.5 million in 2024 compared to $121.1 million in 2023. Gexpro Services’ gross profit as a percent of revenue was 31.4% in 2024 compared to 29.8% in the prior year period. The gross profit margin percentage improvement for 2024 was primarily the result of strategic sourcing initiatives, supply chain improvements and end market sales mix.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of sales and marketing expenses primarily relating to compensation, costs associated with supporting Gexpro Services’ service facilities, overhead expenses within finance, legal, human resources and information technology, and other costs required to operate Gexpro Services’ business.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $7.9 million to $102.0 million in 2024 compared to $94.1 million in 2023. The increase was primarily driven by additional consulting costs of $1.8 million to support non-recurring strategic projects, non-recurring legal fees of $1.0 million and investments to support future growth and additional compensation.

Adjusted EBITDA

During 2024, Gexpro Services generated Adjusted EBITDA of $55.8 million, an increase of $10.6 million, or 23.4% from 2023 primarily driven by higher organic revenue and managing gross profit margins, partially offset by an increase in Selling, general, and administrative expenses.

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Canada Branch Division Segment

(1)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $69.2 million, or 123.8%, to $125.1 million in 2024 compared to $55.9 million in 2023. The increase was primarily driven by $70.3 million of revenue generated from the acquisition of Source Atlantic completed in 2024, partially offset by a decline in organic Canada Branch Division revenue of $1.1 million.

Gross profit increased $18.7 million to $42.2 million in 2024 compared to gross profit of $23.5 million in 2023 primarily as a result of the inclusion of the acquisition of Source Atlantic completed in 2024, which generated $18.7 million of additional gross profit during 2024. Gross profit as a percent of revenue decreased to 33.7% in 2024 compared to 42.0% in the prior year primarily due to the lower gross profit margin profile of Source Atlantic as compared to Bolt.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for Canada Branch Division consist of compensation, expenses to operate its distribution network and branch locations and overhead expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $18.4 million to $36.2 million in 2024 compared to $17.8 million in 2023. Approximately $18.1 million of the increased expenses, including depreciation, was driven by the acquisition of Source Atlantic completed in 2024.

Adjusted EBITDA

During 2024, Canada Branch Division generated Adjusted EBITDA of $11.7 million, an increase of $3.8 million from the same period a year ago with an increase of approximately $4.1 million driven by the acquisition of Source Atlantic completed in 2024.

Consolidated Non-operating Income and Expense

N/M Not meaningful

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Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $12.4 million in 2024 compared to 2023 primarily due to an increase in interest rates and higher outstanding borrowings related to the acquisitions of Hisco, S&S Automotive, Source Atlantic, TCR and ConRes TE.

Change in Fair Value of Earnout Liabilities

The $1.0 million expense in 2024 and the $0.8 million benefit in 2023 related to the change in fair value of the earnout liabilities associated with the Frontier acquisition.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists of effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest income, net and other non-operating income and expenditures. The $2.6 million change in 2024 compared to 2023 was partly due to favorable increases in interest income and favorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense was $6.8 million, a (1,267.9)% effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to income tax expense of $7.0 million and a (346.8)% effective tax rate for the prior year. The change in the year-over-year effective tax rate was primarily due to a change in valuation allowances related to interest expense limitation deferred tax assets. The disproportionate effective tax rates were caused by limitations on the deductibility of interest expense and other permanent items on a small pre-tax loss amount.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR 2023 AS COMPARED TO 2022

Consolidated Results of Operations

(1) Includes the operating results of Lawson, Canada Branch Division and All Other subsequent, but not prior, to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date.

Overview of Consolidated Results of Operations

Our consolidated results of operations include the financial impact of the Mergers that were completed on April 1, 2022 and the other acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2022. The increase in gross profit for 2023 compared to 2022 was primarily due to the inclusion of Lawson and Canada Branch Division operations only subsequent, and not prior, to the Merger Date and to the Hisco and other acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2022. Expenses for 2023 were impacted by the other

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acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2022.

Refer to Results by Reportable Segment below for a complete discussion of our results of operations.

Results by Reportable Segment

Lawson Segment

(1)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $143.9 million, or 44.3%, to $468.7 million in 2023 compared to revenue of $324.8 million in the same period of 2022 primarily due to $125.3 million of revenue in the first quarter of 2023 with no comparable amount in 2022 due to the inclusion of Lawson operations beginning on the Merger Date and not including any Lawson operations prior to the Merger Date. The remaining increase was primarily driven by strengthening sales to Lawson’s strategic and governmental customers and automotive end market customers from a combination of organic growth and the realization of price increases enacted throughout 2022 and 2023 to offset rising supplier costs.

Gross profit increased $94.7 million, or 55.5%, to $265.5 million in 2023 compared to gross profit of $170.8 million in the same period of 2022 primarily due to $70.9 million of gross profit in the first quarter of 2023 with no comparable amount in 2022 due to the inclusion of Lawson operations beginning on the Merger Date and not including any Lawson operations prior to the Merger Date. The remaining increase was primarily the result of increased sales volume, price increases and lower net freight expense and spreading operating expenses over a higher sales level. Lawson gross profit as a percent of revenue was 56.6% in 2023 compared to gross profit as a percent of revenue of 52.6% in the prior year period. The gross profit margin percentage improvement for 2023 was primarily the result of price increases, lower net freight expense and leveraging operating expenses over a higher sales base. The gross profit margin percentage for the same period of 2022 was impacted by increased supplier costs from inflation and supply chain disruptions and a sales shift toward lower margin customers. Gross profit margin for 2022 was also impacted by an inventory charge of $1.7 million to reduce inventory related to discontinued products where the anticipated net realizable value was lower than the cost reflected in our records and the amortization of the fair value step-up of inventory of $1.9 million related to the Mergers.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of compensation and support for Lawson sales representatives as well as expenses to operate Lawson’s distribution network and overhead expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $68.7 million to $233.0 million in 2023 compared to Selling, general and administrative expenses of $164.2 million in the same period of 2022 primarily due to $62.7 million of Selling, general and administrative expenses in the first quarter of 2023 with no comparable amount in 2022 due to the inclusion of Lawson operations beginning on the Merger Date and not including any Lawson operations prior to the Merger Date.

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Adjusted EBITDA

During 2023, Lawson generated Adjusted EBITDA of $63.7 million, an increase of 108.2% or $33.1 million from the same period a year ago primarily due to $18.5 million of Adjusted EBITDA in the first quarter of 2023 with no comparable amount in 2022 due to the inclusion of Lawson operations beginning on the Merger Date and not including any Lawson operations prior to the Merger Date and increased revenue and gross profit margin partially offset by an increase in Selling, general and administrative expenses.

Supplemental Information

For management to discuss Lawson’s operating results on a comparable basis, Lawson’s GAAP results of operations were adjusted to include Lawson’s historical pre-merger components of operating income, prior to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date, along with pre-merger pro forma adjustments prepared under SEC Regulation S-X Article 11, in order to reflect the total operating activities attributable to Lawson for each period presented. These pro forma results presented in the tables below are referred to within this supplemental results of operations discussion concerning Lawson as “pro forma”.

Refer to the section titled 2022 Supplemental Information - Lawson and Canada Branch Division Pro Forma Operating Income and Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA above for further explanation of the calculation of this supplemental information.

Lawson Pro Forma Results - Calculation of Supplemental Information (Unaudited)

(1)    Operating income prepared in accordance with GAAP, which includes Lawson’s results of operations subsequent, but not prior, to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date. See Note 1 – Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation.

(2)    Lawson’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which occurred prior to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date and were not included in the Company’s GAAP operating results under reverse merger acquisition accounting.

(3)    Pro-forma adjustments include the incremental expense related to the fair value adjustment of share-based compensation awards of $1.9 million and the net impact of $2.2 million from the elimination of historical depreciation and amortization expense and recognition of new depreciation expense on the fair value of property, plant and equipment and amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets.

(4)    Lawson’s pro forma results of operations adjusted for comparability on a period-over-period basis. These results represent Lawson’s total operating activities for the year ended 2022, regardless of the Merger Date (that is, they reflect both pre- and post-Merger results of Lawson, including the pro forma adjustments related to the pre-Merger period).

(5)    Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section above for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

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Lawson - 2023 as Compared to Pro Forma 2022 (Unaudited)

(1)For comparability purposes, Lawson’s GAAP results of operations were adjusted to include the historical unaudited results of Lawson prior to the Merger Date and certain pro-forma adjustments including the incremental expense related to the fair value adjustment of share-based compensation awards and incremental depreciation and amortization expense related to the fair value adjustments of property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangible assets. Refer to the section Factors Affecting Comparability to Prior Periods and the section 2022 Supplemental Information - Lawson and Canada Branch Division Pro Forma Operating Income and Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA and the section Lawson Pro Forma Results - Calculation of Supplemental Information (Unaudited) for more information related to the calculation of adjusted amounts.

(2)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $39.0 million, or 9.1%, to $468.7 million in 2023 compared to pro forma revenue of $429.7 million in the same period of 2022. The increase was primarily driven by strengthening sales to Lawson’s strategic and governmental customers of $25.2 million and automotive end market customers of $13.5 million from a combination of organic growth and the realization of price increases enacted throughout 2022 and 2023 to offset rising supplier costs.

Gross profit increased $39.2 million to $265.5 million in 2023 compared to pro forma gross profit of $226.3 million in the same period of 2022 primarily as a result of increased sales volume and price increases, which contributed to an increase in gross profit of $29.4 million, lower net freight expense of $2.9 million, lower expense for write-offs of obsolete and excess inventory of $3.2 million and spreading operating expenses over a higher sales level. Lawson gross profit as a percent of revenue was 56.6% in 2023 compared to pro forma gross profit as a percent of pro forma revenue of 52.7% in the prior year period. The gross profit margin percentage improvement for 2023 was primarily the result of price increases, lower net freight costs, lower expense for write-offs of obsolete and excess inventory and leveraging operating costs over a higher sales base. The pro forma gross profit margin percentage for the same period of 2022 was impacted by increased supplier costs from inflation and supply chain disruptions and a sales shift toward lower margin customers. Pro forma gross profit margin for 2022 was also impacted by an inventory charge of $1.7 million to reduce inventory related to discontinued products where the anticipated net realizable value was lower than the cost reflected in our records and the amortization of the fair value step-up of inventory of $1.9 million related to the Mergers.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of compensation and support for Lawson sales representatives as well as expenses to operate Lawson’s distribution network and overhead expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $20.2 million to $233.0 million in 2023 compared to pro forma Selling, general and administrative expenses of $212.7 million in the same period of 2022. The increase was primarily driven by additional depreciation and amortization of $9.2 million as a result of the fair value step-up adjustments related to the reverse merger acquisition accounting and higher stock-based compensation of $12.2 million due to expense of $7.9 million

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in 2023 and a benefit of $4.2 million realized in 2022, partially offset by lower acquisition related costs of $4.7 million in 2023 compared to the same period of 2022.

Adjusted EBITDA

During 2023, Lawson generated Adjusted EBITDA of $63.7 million, an increase of 64.8% or $25.0 million from the same period a year ago primarily driven by increased revenue and gross profit margin partially offset by an increase in Selling, general and administrative expenses.

TestEquity Segment

(1)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $249.4 million, or 63.6%, to $641.8 million in 2023 compared to $392.4 million in the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by $273.4 million of revenue generated from acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2022 offset by a $24.0 million decline in legacy TestEquity revenue due to a slowdown in the test and measurement market, primarily caused by tightening of capital budgets in TestEquity’s customer base and softening in the EPS end markets.

Gross profit increased $52.5 million to $141.9 million in 2023 compared to $89.4 million in the same period of 2022 primarily as a result of the inclusion of the acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2022, which generated $57.9 million of additional gross profit during 2023 offset by a decline in legacy TestEquity revenue. TestEquity gross profit as a percent of revenue decreased to 22.1% in 2023 compared to 22.8% in the prior year primarily due to the amortization of the fair value step-up of inventory of $3.6 million related to the Hisco Transaction and a shift in sales mix from the lower gross margin rates from the 2022 and 2023 acquisitions.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of compensation and support for TestEquity’s sales representatives and expenses to operate TestEquity’s distribution network and overhead expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $80.3 million to $158.3 million in 2023 compared to $78.0 million in the same period of 2022. Approximately $68.8 million of the increased expenses, including depreciation, was driven by the acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2022 of which $22.8 million was related to the Hisco retention bonuses. The remaining increase in Selling, general and administrative expenses of $11.5 million is primarily due to $4.6 million of additional amortization of intangible assets acquired through the Hisco acquisition, $1.4 million of higher acquisition related expenses and $5.5 million of higher expenses for health insurance, allowance for doubtful accounts and other professional services.

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Adjusted EBITDA

During 2023, TestEquity generated Adjusted EBITDA of $43.3 million, an increase of $8.5 million from the same period a year ago with approximately $19.7 million driven by the acquisitions completed in 2023 and 2022 partially offset by $7.3 million due to lower gross profit margin on lower legacy TestEquity revenue and $3.9 million primarily due to higher expenses for health insurance, allowance for doubtful accounts and other professional services.

Gexpro Services Segment

(1)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $20.4 million, or 5.3%, to $405.7 million in 2023 compared to $385.3 million in the same period of 2022. The increase was primarily driven by strengthening sales within Gexpro Services’ Aerospace & Defense, Industrial Power, and Transportation end markets of $7.3 million, $17.7 million and $4.9 million, respectively, partially offset by continued softness in the Technology/Semiconductor end markets of $24.5 million. The increase also came from a combination of organic growth and the realization of price increases enacted throughout 2022 and 2023 to offset rising supplier costs.

Gross profit increased $8.2 million to $121.1 million in 2023 compared to $112.9 million in the same period of 2022 primarily as a result of increased sales volume and price increases and lower net freight expense of $6.1 million partially offset by an increase in expense for write-offs for obsolete and excess inventory of $3.6 million and higher freight capitalization of $0.5 million. Gexpro Services gross profit as a percent of revenue was 29.8% in 2023 compared to 29.3% in the prior year period. The gross profit margin percentage improvement for 2023 was primarily the result of price increases and lower net freight costs partially offset by higher expense for write-offs of obsolete and excess inventory.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of sales and marketing expenses primarily relating to compensation, costs associated with supporting Gexpro Services’ service facilities, overhead expenses within finance, legal, human resources and information technology, and other costs required to operate Gexpro Services’ business and service customers.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased $2.5 million to $94.1 million in 2023 compared to $91.6 million in the same period of 2022. The increase was primarily driven by $1.7 million of additional expenses from the Frontier acquisition completed at the end of the first quarter of 2022 and additional compensation and product fulfillment costs to support the organic sales growth.

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Adjusted EBITDA

During 2023, Gexpro Services generated Adjusted EBITDA of $45.2 million, an increase of $2.0 million, or 4.6% from the same period a year ago primarily driven by increased revenue and gross profit margin, partially offset by an increase in Selling, general, and administrative expenses.

Canada Branch Division Segment

(1)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue increased $6.9 million, or 14.2%, to $55.9 million in 2023 compared to revenue of $49.0 million in the same period of 2022 primarily due to $14.6 million of revenue in the first quarter of 2023 with no comparable amount in 2022 due to the inclusion of Canada Branch Division operations beginning on the Merger Date and not including any Canada Branch Division operations prior to the Merger Date. This was partially offset by a decrease in the sale of fasteners to corporate customers in 2023 compared to 2022.

Gross profit increased $5.6 million, or 31.2%, to $23.5 million in 2023 compared to gross profit of $17.9 million in the same period of 2022 primarily due to $6.1 million of gross profit in the first quarter of 2023 with no comparable amount in 2022 due to the inclusion of Canada Branch Division operations beginning on the Merger Date and not including any Canada Branch Division operations prior to the Merger Date. Canada Branch Division gross profit as a percent of revenue was 42.0% in 2023 compared to gross profit as a percent of revenue of 36.6% in the prior year period. Gross profit margin for 2022 was impacted by the amortization of the fair value step-up of inventory of $0.8 million related to the Mergers and a shift in sales mix to lower margin products, specifically fasteners sold to corporate customers.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for Canada Branch Division consist of compensation, expenses to operate its distribution network and branch locations and overhead expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $4.5 million to $17.8 million in 2023 compared to Selling, general and administrative expenses of $13.3 million in the same period of 2022 primarily due to $4.5 million of Selling, general and administrative expenses in the first quarter of 2023 with no comparable amount in 2022 due to the inclusion of Canada Branch Division operations beginning on the Merger Date and not including any Canada Branch Division operations prior to the Merger Date.

Adjusted EBITDA

During 2023, Canada Branch Division generated Adjusted EBITDA of $7.8 million, an increase of 6.6% or $0.5 million from the same period a year ago primarily due to $2.1 million of Adjusted EBITDA in the first quarter of 2023 with no

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comparable amount in 2022 due to the inclusion of Canada Branch Division operations beginning on the Merger Date and not including any Canada Branch Division operations prior to the Merger Date.

Supplemental Information

For management to discuss Canada Branch Division’s operating results on a comparable basis, Canada Branch Division’s GAAP results of operations were adjusted to include Canada Branch Division’s historical pre-merger components of operating income, prior to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date, along with pre-merger pro forma adjustments prepared under SEC Regulation S-X Article 11, in order to reflect the total operating activities attributable to Canada Branch Division for each period presented. These pro forma results presented in the tables below are referred to within this supplemental results of operations discussion concerning Canada Branch Division as “pro forma”.

Refer to the section titled 2022 Supplemental Information - Lawson and Canada Branch Division Pro Forma Operating Income and Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA above for further explanation of the calculation of this supplemental information.

Canada Branch Division Pro Forma Results - Calculation of Supplemental Information (Unaudited)

(1)    Operating income prepared in accordance with GAAP, which includes Canada Branch Division’s results of operations subsequent, but not prior, to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date. See Note 1 – Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation.

(2)    Canada Branch Division’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which occurred prior to the April 1, 2022 Merger Date and were not included in the Company’s GAAP operating results under reverse merger acquisition accounting.

(3)    There were no significant pro-forma adjustments for Canada Branch Division.

(4)    Canada Branch Division’s pro forma results of operations adjusted for comparability on a period-over-period basis. These results represent Canada Branch Division’s total operating activities for the year ended 2022, regardless of the Merger Date (that is, they reflect both pre- and post-Merger results of Canada Branch Division, including the pro forma adjustments related to the pre-Merger period).

(5)    Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section above for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

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Canada Branch Division - 2023 as Compared to Pro Forma 2022 (Unaudited)

(1)For comparability purposes, Canada Branch Division’s GAAP results of operations were adjusted to include the historical unaudited results of Canada Branch Division prior to the Merger Date and certain pro-forma adjustments including the incremental expense related to the fair value adjustment of share-based compensation awards and incremental depreciation and amortization expense related to the fair value adjustments of property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangible assets. Refer to the section Factors Affecting Comparability to Prior Periods and the section 2022 Supplemental Information - Lawson and Canada Branch Division Pro Forma Operating Income and Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA and the section Canada Branch Division Pro Forma Results - Calculation of Supplemental Information (Unaudited) for more information related to the calculation of adjusted amounts.

(2)Refer to the Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA section in Overview for a reconciliation of operating income to Adjusted EBITDA.

Revenue and Gross Profit

Revenue decreased $6.0 million, or 9.8%, to $55.9 million in 2023 compared to pro forma revenue of $61.9 million in the same period of 2022 primarily driven by a decrease in the sale of fasteners to corporate customers of $7.2 million and an unfavorable currency impact of $2.0 million, partially offset by an increase in branch sales of $3.2 million.

Gross profit increased $0.6 million to $23.5 million in 2023 compared to pro forma gross profit of $22.9 million in the same period of 2022 primarily as a result of a shift in sales mix to higher margin products. Canada Branch Division gross profit as a percent of revenue was 42.0% in 2023 compared to pro forma gross profit as a percent of pro forma revenue of 36.9% in the prior year period. The pro forma gross profit margin percentage for 2022 was impacted by the amortization of the fair value step-up of inventory of $0.8 million related to the Mergers and a shift in sales mix to lower margin products, specifically fasteners sold to corporate customers.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for Canada Branch Division consist of compensation, expenses to operate its distribution network and branch locations and overhead expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.5 million to $17.8 million in 2023 compared to pro forma Selling, general and administrative expenses of $17.3 million in the same period of 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher employee compensation costs.

Adjusted EBITDA

During 2023, Canada Branch Division generated Adjusted EBITDA of $7.8 million, a decrease of 7.6% or $0.6 million from the same period a year ago primarily driven by a decrease in Canada Branch Division revenue partially offset by an increase in gross profit margin and Selling, general and administrative expenses.

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Consolidated Non-operating Income and Expense

N/M Not meaningful

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $18.5 million in 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 primarily due to an increase in interest rates and higher borrowings related to the Hisco and other 2023 and 2022 acquisitions.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

The $3.4 million loss on extinguishment of debt in 2022 was primarily due to the write-off of previously capitalized financing costs as a result of the debt refinancing related to the Mergers.

Change in Fair Value of Earnout Liabilities

The $0.8 million benefit in 2023 related to the change in fair value of the earnout liabilities associated with the Frontier acquisition and the Hisco Transaction. The $0.5 million expense in 2022 primarily related to the change in fair value of the earnout derivative liability associated with the earnout provisions of the Merger Agreements and the Frontier earnout. Refer to Note 8 – Earnout Liabilities and Note 3 – Business Acquisitions within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for information about the earnout liabilities.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists of effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest income, net and other non-operating income and expenditures. The $2.3 million change in 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 was partly due to unfavorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates and other insignificant changes in other non-operating income and expenditures.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense was $7.0 million, a (346.8)% effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to income tax expense of $5.5 million and a 42.8% effective tax rate for the prior year. The change in the year-over-year effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in the partial valuation allowance against our excess interest expense carryforward balance, state taxes, foreign income and a pre-tax loss in the current year. The 2022 income tax was also impacted by the creation of a consolidated group for federal income tax purposes as a result of the completion of the Mergers.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash and cash equivalents were $66.5 million on December 31, 2024 compared to $83.9 million on December 31, 2023.

The Company believes its current balances of cash and cash equivalents, availability under its Amended Credit Agreement and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet its liquidity needs for the next twelve months. On August 14, 2024, the Company borrowed $200 million under the incremental term loan of the Amended Credit Agreement. The Company used a portion of these proceeds to fund the Source Atlantic Transaction. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $66.5 million of cash and cash equivalents and $253.0 million of borrowing availability remaining, net of outstanding letters of credit, under the Amended Credit Agreement.

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Our primary short-term and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs are to finance operating expenses, working capital, capital expenditures, potential business acquisitions, strategic initiatives and general corporate purposes. Our current debt obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement mature in April 2027. Required principal payments on the Amended Credit Agreement for the next twelve months are $40.3 million. Refer to Note 9 – Debt within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for additional information related to our debt obligations. Access to debt capital markets has historically provided the Company with sources of liquidity, beyond normal operating cash flows. We do not anticipate having difficulty in obtaining financing from those markets in the future, however, we cannot provide assurance that unforeseen events or events beyond our control (such as a potential tightening of debt capital markets) will not have a material adverse impact on our liquidity.

Sources and Uses of Cash

The following table presents a summary of our cash flows:

Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $56.5 million primarily due to non-cash items, partially offset by a net loss, payments of $34.6 million related to the Hisco retention bonuses and other net cash flow items.

Net cash provided by operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $102.3 million, primarily due to non-cash items, partially offset by a net loss and improvements in working capital.

Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $229.7 million, primarily due to the purchase of ESS, S&S Automotive, Source Atlantic, TCR and certain assets of ConRes TE as well as purchases of property, plant and equipment and rental equipment. This was partially offset by the sale of property, plant and equipment and rental equipment.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $278.5 million, primarily due to the Hisco Transaction, as well as purchases of property, plant and equipment and rental equipment which was partially offset by the sale of rental equipment.

Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $159.3 million primarily due to borrowings under the Company’s credit facility partially offset by principal payments on the term loans. In conjunction with the Source Atlantic Transaction, the Company borrowed $200 million under the incremental term loan facility on August 14, 2024. During 2024, deferred financing costs of $2.1 million were incurred related to the Amended Credit Agreement.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $250.4 million, due to borrowings under the Company’s credit facility and proceeds from a rights offering that we completed during the second quarter of 2023, partially offset by repayment of previous indebtedness and principal payments on the term loans. In conjunction with the Hisco Transaction, the Company borrowed $305.0 million under the incremental term loan facility on June 8, 2023 and raised approximately $98.5 million, net of offering costs, through the rights offering. During 2023, deferred financing costs of $3.4 million were incurred related to the First Amendment, dated June 8, 2023, to the Company’s credit facility.

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Financing and Capital Requirements

Credit Facility

On August 14, 2024, in connection with the Source Atlantic Transaction, DSG entered into the Third Amendment, which provided for an additional $200 million incremental term loan and a $55 million increase in the Company’s senior secured revolving credit facility, and permits the Company to increase the commitments under the credit facility from time to time by up to $300 million in the aggregate, subject to, among other things, receipt of additional commitments from existing and/or new lenders and pro forma compliance with certain financial covenants.

As amended, the Amended Credit Agreement includes a $255 million senior secured revolving credit facility, a $250 million senior secured initial term loan facility, $505 million of incremental term loans, and a $50 million senior secured delayed draw term loan facility. Refer to Note 9 – Debt within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a description of the Amended Credit Agreement.

On December 31, 2024, we had $739.9 million in outstanding borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement and $253.0 million of borrowing availability remaining, net of outstanding letters of credit, under the senior secured revolving credit facility component.

As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under our Amended Credit Agreement. While we were in compliance with our financial covenants as of December 31, 2024, failure to meet the covenant requirements of the Amended Credit Agreement in future quarters could lead to higher financing costs and increased restrictions, reduce or eliminate our ability to borrow funds, or accelerate the payment of our indebtedness and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Purchase Commitments

As of December 31, 2024, we had contractual commitments to purchase approximately $173 million of products from our suppliers and contractors over the next twelve months.

Capital Expenditures

During the year ended December 31, 2024, total capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment and rental equipment were $23.2 million excluding proceeds from the sale of rental equipment. The Company expects to spend approximately $20 million to $25 million for capital expenditures during 2025 to support ongoing operations.

Stock Repurchase Program

The Company’s Board of Directors previously authorized a stock repurchase program that permits the Company to repurchase its common stock. The timing and the amount of any repurchases will be determined by management under parameters established by the Board of Directors and depend on various factors including an evaluation of our stock price, corporate and regulatory requirements, capital availability and other market conditions. In December 2023, the Board of Directors increased the existing repurchase program by $25.0 million bringing the total authorized to $37.5 million.

During 2024, the Company repurchased 85,644 shares of DSG common stock at an average cost of $30.13 per share for a total cost of $2.6 million. During 2023, the Company repurchased 138,725 shares of DSG common stock at an average cost of $26.09 per share for a total cost of $3.6 million. The remaining availability for stock repurchases under the program was $26.4 million at December 31, 2024. See Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for further information.

Retention Bonuses

Under the Hisco Purchase Agreement, DSG became obligated to pay $37.5 million in cash or DSG common stock in retention bonuses to certain Hisco employees that remain employed with Hisco or its affiliates for at least twelve months after the closing of the Hisco Transaction. Pursuant to the Hisco Purchase Agreement, the Company paid $1.8 million of the retention bonuses in 2023 and $34.6 million in 2024, with the remaining balance of $1.1 million to be paid in 2025.

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Table of Contents

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES

We have disclosed our significant accounting policies in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies within Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The following provides information on the accounts requiring more significant estimates.

Income Taxes - Deferred tax assets or liabilities reflect temporary differences between amounts of assets and liabilities for financial and tax reporting. Such amounts are adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect changes in enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Significant judgment is required in determining income tax provisions as well as deferred tax asset and liability balances, including the estimation of valuation allowances and the evaluation of uncertain tax positions.

Goodwill Impairment - Goodwill represents the cost of business acquisitions in excess of the fair value of identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired. The Company reviews goodwill for potential impairment annually on October 1st, or when an event or other circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value.

The first step in the multi-step process to determine if goodwill has been impaired and to what degree is to review the relevant qualitative factors that could cause the fair value of the reporting unit to decrease below the carrying value of the reporting unit. The Company considers factors such as macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance and other relevant factors that would affect the individual reporting units. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying value of the reporting unit, then no further impairment testing is needed. If the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company will move to the next step in the process. The Company will estimate the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the reporting unit’s carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company will record an impairment of goodwill equal to the amount the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, up to the total amount of goodwill previously recognized.

Business Combinations - We allocate the purchase price paid for assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with our acquisitions based on their estimated fair values at the time of acquisition. This allocation involves a number of assumptions, estimates, and judgments in determining the fair value, as of the acquisition date, of the following:

•intangible assets, including the valuation methodology (the relief of royalty method for trade names and multi-period excess earnings method for customer relationships), estimations of future cash flows, discount rates, royalty rates, recurring revenue attributed to customer relationships, and our assumed market segment share, as well as the estimated useful life of intangible assets;

•deferred tax assets and liabilities, uncertain tax positions, and tax-related valuation allowances;

•inventory;

•property, plant and equipment;

•pre-existing liabilities or legal claims;

•contingent consideration, including estimating the likelihood and timing of achieving the relevant thresholds; and

•goodwill as measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed.

Our assumptions and estimates are based upon comparable market data and information obtained from our management and the management of the acquired companies. We allocate goodwill to the reporting units of the business that are expected to benefit from the business combination.