# ALBANY INTERNATIONAL CORP /DE/ (AIN) Informational only - not investment advice. CIK: 0000819793 SIC: 2221 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Man Made Fiber & Silk SIC breadcrumb: [Manufacturing](/division/D/) > [SIC Major Group 22](/major-group/22/) > [SIC 2221 Broadwoven Fabric Mills, Man Made Fiber & Silk](/industry/2221/) Latest 10-K filed: 2026-02-27 SEC page: https://www.sec.gov/edgar/browse/?CIK=819793 Filing source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/819793/000162828026012906/ain-20251231.htm ## Selected Fundamentals | Metric | Value | Unit | FY | Filed | | --- | ---: | --- | ---: | --- | | Revenue | 1182813000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-27 | | Net income | -57342000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-27 | | Assets | 1718709000 | USD | 2025 | 2026-02-27 | ## Financials Annual standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-02-27. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000819793.json. Derived margins are computed from the extracted annual SEC facts. | Metric | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | | Revenue | | | 982,479,000 | 1,054,132,000 | 900,610,000 | 929,240,000 | 1,034,887,000 | 1,147,909,000 | 1,230,615,000 | 1,182,813,000 | | Net income | 52,733,000 | 33,111,000 | 82,891,000 | 132,398,000 | 98,589,000 | 118,478,000 | 95,762,000 | 111,120,000 | 87,623,000 | -57,342,000 | | Operating income | 94,132,000 | 78,676,000 | 137,408,000 | 193,576,000 | 166,080,000 | 178,011,000 | 181,022,000 | 167,894,000 | 131,359,000 | -36,103,000 | | Gross profit | 301,284,000 | 296,283,000 | 349,749,000 | 397,701,000 | 371,072,000 | 378,391,000 | 389,782,000 | 423,718,000 | 401,776,000 | 243,920,000 | | Diluted EPS | 1.64 | 1.03 | 2.57 | 4.10 | 3.05 | 3.65 | 3.04 | 3.55 | 2.80 | -1.94 | | Assets | 1,263,433,000 | 1,361,198,000 | 1,417,992,000 | 1,474,368,000 | 1,549,936,000 | 1,556,064,000 | 1,642,255,000 | 1,835,014,000 | 1,648,696,000 | 1,718,709,000 | | Liabilities | 752,143,000 | 788,183,000 | 809,712,000 | 771,679,000 | 730,071,000 | 678,459,000 | 774,712,000 | 867,694,000 | 699,749,000 | 986,607,000 | | Stockholders' equity | 507,523,000 | 569,768,000 | 605,249,000 | 698,683,000 | 816,066,000 | 873,967,000 | 863,049,000 | 961,368,000 | 943,538,000 | 726,209,000 | | Cash and cash equivalents | 181,742,000 | 183,727,000 | 197,755,000 | 195,540,000 | 241,316,000 | 302,036,000 | 291,776,000 | 173,420,000 | 115,283,000 | 112,350,000 | | Net margin | | | 8.44% | 12.56% | 10.95% | 12.75% | 9.25% | 9.68% | 7.12% | -4.85% | | Operating margin | | | 13.99% | 18.36% | 18.44% | 19.16% | 17.49% | 14.63% | 10.67% | -3.05% | ## Quarterly Quarterly standardized facts from SEC companyfacts as of latest extracted filing date 2026-04-30. Source: https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0000819793.json. Flow metrics use discrete quarter-length periods from 10-Q/10-Q/A filings. Q4 revenue and net income are derived only when annual FY and nine-month YTD facts exist for the same fiscal year; derived Q4 values are labeled. EPS Q4 is not derived. | Quarter | End date | Revenue | Net income | Diluted EPS | Method | | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | --- | | 2022-Q2 | 2022-06-30 | | | 1.25 | reported discrete quarter | | 2022-Q3 | 2022-09-30 | | | 0.34 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q1 | 2023-03-31 | | | 0.86 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q2 | 2023-06-30 | 274,123,000 | 26,672,000 | 0.85 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q3 | 2023-09-30 | 281,106,000 | 27,109,000 | 0.87 | reported discrete quarter | | 2023-Q4 | 2023-12-31 | 323,584,000 | 30,450,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2024-Q1 | 2024-03-31 | 313,330,000 | 27,291,000 | 0.87 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q2 | 2024-06-30 | 331,994,000 | 24,624,000 | 0.79 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q3 | 2024-09-30 | 298,386,000 | 18,029,000 | 0.57 | reported discrete quarter | | 2024-Q4 | 2024-12-31 | 286,905,000 | 17,679,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2025-Q1 | 2025-03-31 | 288,774,000 | 17,355,000 | 0.56 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q2 | 2025-06-30 | 311,399,000 | 9,183,000 | 0.31 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q3 | 2025-09-30 | 261,434,000 | -97,760,000 | -3.37 | reported discrete quarter | | 2025-Q4 | 2025-12-31 | 321,206,000 | 13,880,000 | | derived Q4 = FY annual - nine-month YTD | | 2026-Q1 | 2026-03-31 | 311,333,000 | 15,281,000 | 0.54 | reported discrete quarter | ## Macro Cross-References - [CPIAUCSL](/indicator/CPIAUCSL/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average - [UNRATE](/indicator/UNRATE/): Unemployment Rate - [FEDFUNDS](/indicator/FEDFUNDS/): Federal Funds Effective Rate - [CES0500000003](/indicator/CES0500000003/): Average Hourly Earnings of All Employees, Total Private - [DFEDTARU](/indicator/DFEDTARU/): Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit - [DFEDTARL](/indicator/DFEDTARL/): Federal Funds Target Range - Lower Limit - [DGS3MO](/indicator/DGS3MO/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 3-Month Constant Maturity - [DGS2](/indicator/DGS2/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 2-Year Constant Maturity - [DGS10](/indicator/DGS10/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 10-Year Constant Maturity - [DGS30](/indicator/DGS30/): Market Yield on U.S. Treasury Securities at 30-Year Constant Maturity - [T10Y2Y](/indicator/T10Y2Y/): 10-Year Treasury Constant Maturity Minus 2-Year Treasury Constant Maturity - [CPILFESL](/indicator/CPILFESL/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items Less Food and Energy - [CPIUFDSL](/indicator/CPIUFDSL/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Food - [CPIENGSL](/indicator/CPIENGSL/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Energy - [CUSR0000SAH1](/indicator/CUSR0000SAH1/): Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: Shelter - [PCEPI](/indicator/PCEPI/): Personal Consumption Expenditures: Chain-type Price Index - [PCEPILFE](/indicator/PCEPILFE/): Personal Consumption Expenditures Excluding Food and Energy: Chain-type Price Index - [PPIACO](/indicator/PPIACO/): Producer Price Index by Commodity: All Commodities - [T10YIE](/indicator/T10YIE/): 10-Year Breakeven Inflation Rate - [U6RATE](/indicator/U6RATE/): Total Unemployed, Plus All Marginally Attached Workers Plus Total Employed Part Time for Economic Reasons - [PAYEMS](/indicator/PAYEMS/): All Employees, Total Nonfarm - [CIVPART](/indicator/CIVPART/): Labor Force Participation Rate - [EMRATIO](/indicator/EMRATIO/): Employment-Population Ratio - [UNEMPLOY](/indicator/UNEMPLOY/): Unemployed - [CE16OV](/indicator/CE16OV/): Employment Level - [ICSA](/indicator/ICSA/): Initial Claims - [JTSJOL](/indicator/JTSJOL/): Job Openings: Total Nonfarm - [JTSQUR](/indicator/JTSQUR/): Quits: Total Nonfarm - [GDPC1](/indicator/GDPC1/): Real Gross Domestic Product - [A191RL1Q225SBEA](/indicator/A191RL1Q225SBEA/): Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change from Preceding Period - [INDPRO](/indicator/INDPRO/): Industrial Production: Total Index - [TCU](/indicator/TCU/): Capacity Utilization: Total Index - [HOUST](/indicator/HOUST/): New Privately-Owned Housing Units Started: Total Units - [PERMIT](/indicator/PERMIT/): New Privately-Owned Housing Units Authorized in Permit-Issuing Places: Total Units - [RSAFS](/indicator/RSAFS/): Advance Retail Sales: Retail Trade - [PCE](/indicator/PCE/): Personal Consumption Expenditures - [DSPIC96](/indicator/DSPIC96/): Real Disposable Personal Income - [PSAVERT](/indicator/PSAVERT/): Personal Saving Rate - [M2SL](/indicator/M2SL/): M2 - [BOPGSTB](/indicator/BOPGSTB/): U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services: Balance - [MSPUS](/indicator/MSPUS/): Median Sales Price of Houses Sold for the United States - [HSN1F](/indicator/HSN1F/): New One Family Houses Sold: United States - [RHORUSQ156N](/indicator/RHORUSQ156N/): Homeownership Rate in the United States - [TTLCONS](/indicator/TTLCONS/): Total Construction Spending: Total Construction in the United States - [RRVRUSQ156N](/indicator/RRVRUSQ156N/): Rental Vacancy Rate in the United States - [TOTALSL](/indicator/TOTALSL/): Total Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized - [REVOLSL](/indicator/REVOLSL/): Revolving Consumer Credit Owned and Securitized - [DRCCLACBS](/indicator/DRCCLACBS/): Delinquency Rate on Credit Card Loans, All Commercial Banks - [GDP](/indicator/GDP/): Gross Domestic Product - [GPDI](/indicator/GPDI/): Gross Private Domestic Investment - [GCE](/indicator/GCE/): Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment - [PCEC](/indicator/PCEC/): Personal Consumption Expenditures - [NETEXP](/indicator/NETEXP/): Net Exports of Goods and Services - [GFDEBTN](/indicator/GFDEBTN/): Federal Debt: Total Public Debt - [GFDEGDQ188S](/indicator/GFDEGDQ188S/): Federal Debt: Total Public Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product - [FYFSD](/indicator/FYFSD/): Federal Surplus or Deficit - [FGRECPT](/indicator/FGRECPT/): Federal Government Current Receipts - [FGEXPND](/indicator/FGEXPND/): Federal Government: Current Expenditures - [MANEMP](/indicator/MANEMP/): All Employees, Manufacturing - [USCONS](/indicator/USCONS/): All Employees, Construction - [USTRADE](/indicator/USTRADE/): All Employees, Retail Trade - [USFIRE](/indicator/USFIRE/): All Employees, Financial Activities - [USGOVT](/indicator/USGOVT/): All Employees, Government - [AWHAETP](/indicator/AWHAETP/): Average Weekly Hours of All Employees, Total Private - [DGORDER](/indicator/DGORDER/): Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods - [NEWORDER](/indicator/NEWORDER/): Manufacturers' New Orders: Nondefense Capital Goods Excluding Aircraft - [BUSINV](/indicator/BUSINV/): Total Business Inventories - [EXPGS](/indicator/EXPGS/): Exports of Goods and Services - [IMPGS](/indicator/IMPGS/): Imports of Goods and Services - [IR](/indicator/IR/): Import Price Index (End Use): All Commodities - [PPIFIS](/indicator/PPIFIS/): Producer Price Index by Commodity: Final Demand ## Latest quarter (10-Q) Latest 10-Q source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/819793/000162828026028744/ain-20260331.htm Extracted between Part I Item 2 and the next Item 3/4 or Part II heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high Filing date: 2026-04-30 Report date: 2026-03-31 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of the Company. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes. Forward-looking Statements This quarterly report and the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this quarterly report contain statements concerning our future results and performance and other matters that are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” "forecast," ”look for,” “will,” “should,” “guidance,” “guide” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which generally are not historical in nature. Because forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, (including, without limitation, those set forth in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K or prior Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q) actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. There are a number of risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to: •Conditions in the industries in which our Machine Clothing and Albany Engineered Composites segments compete, along with the general risks associated with macroeconomic conditions, including higher interest rates, inflationary pressures, or the effects of another pandemic, for an extended period of time; •Across the entire Company, increasing labor, raw material, energy, or logistics and costs due to supply chain constraints and inflationary pressures. These challenges have only increased as a result of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war and the conflict in the Middle East; •Across both segments, potential port strikes could cause additional disruptions to our supply chain; •Harm caused by changes in our relationships or contracts with suppliers and customers; •In the Machine Clothing segment, greater than anticipated declines in the demand for publication grades of paper, or lower than anticipated growth in other paper grades; •In the Albany Engineered Composites segment, longer-than-expected timeframe for the aerospace industry to utilize existing inventories, and unanticipated reductions in demand, delays, technical difficulties or cancellations in aerospace programs that are expected to generate revenue and drive long-term growth; •Inability of our Machine Clothing or Albany Engineered Composites segments to create additional production capacity in a timely manner or the occurrence of other manufacturing or supply difficulties (including as a result of geopolitical crises, natural disaster, public health crises and epidemics/pandemics, regulatory or otherwise); •Changes in geopolitical conditions impacting countries where the Company does or intends to do business; •Failure to achieve or maintain anticipated profitable growth; •Failure to achieve our strategic initiatives and other goals, including, but not limited to, our sustainability goals; •In the Albany Engineered Composites segment, the estimates and expectations based on aircraft production rates provided by Airbus, Boeing and others; •In the Albany Engineered Composites segment, risks and uncertainties associated with the successful implementation and ramp up of significant new programs, including the ability to manufacture the products to the detailed specifications required and recover start-up costs and other investments in the programs; •In the Albany Engineered Composites segment, risks associated with changes in estimates and assumptions that could result in a decline in program gross margins or turn a profitable program into a loss program; •Assets classified as held for sale may be sold for proceeds lower than currently estimated, or not sold within expected terms or timing; •Adverse impacts from inflation, an economic slowdown or recession and by disruption in capital and credit markets that might impede our access to credit, increase our borrowing costs and impair the financial soundness of our customers and suppliers; 23 •Proposed tariffs that may significantly and adversely impact our results of operations; •Expectations regarding our ability to attract, motivate, and retain the workforce necessary to execute our business strategy and other goals; •Adverse impacts from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; •Harm caused by customer purchase reductions, payment defaults or contract non-renewal; •In the Albany Engineered Composites segment, future funding and compliance risks associated with our contracts with government entities, OEM customers or prime contractors on contracts with governmental agencies; •Costly and disruptive legal disputes and settlements; •Future levels of indebtedness and capital expenditures; •Adverse impacts from changes in tax legislation or challenges to our tax positions; •Cybersecurity incidents or significant computer system compromises or data breaches; •Significant problems with information systems or networks; •Failure to successfully integrate the Heimbach Group companies into our business systems and processes within the expected timeframe or, failure to or delayed realization of anticipated benefits of the acquisition could adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations; and •Other risks and uncertainties detailed in this report and other periodic reports. Further information concerning important factors that could cause actual events or results to be materially different from the forward-looking statements can be found in the “Business Environment Overview and Trends” sections of this quarterly report, as well as in the Item 1A-“Risk Factors” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. Although we believe the expectations reflected in our other forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, it is not possible to foresee or identify all factors that could have a material and negative impact on our future performance. The forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference in this report are made on the basis of our assumptions and analyses, as of the time the statements are made, in light of our experience and perception of historical conditions, expected future developments, and other factors believed to be appropriate under the circumstances. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we disclaim any obligations or undertaking to publicly release any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained or incorporated by reference in this report to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions, or circumstances on which any such statement is based. Business Environment Overview and Trends We conduct our business under two reportable segments: Machine Clothing (“MC”) and Albany Engineered Composites (“AEC”) each rooted in similar materials sciences know-how that forms a common approach to customer value proposition in design and manufacturability. MC competes on the basis of its deep industry knowledge, customer reputation and customer service and global advanced textile manufacturing capabilities, which has enabled it to develop a robust and market leading product offering that can be tailored to customer-specific requirements. AEC competes on the basis of its innovative technology solutions, extensive composite manufacturing capabilities and capacity that enable it to offer high quality specific part and assembly solutions that achieve its customers’ application performance requirements. Also, please refer to the Business Environment Overview and Trends in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Annual Report on Form 10-K, along with the Company's other filings, can be found on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website, www.sec.gov, as well as on the Company's website: www.albint.com. General Global, economic, and political conditions, changes in raw material and commodity prices and supply, labor availability and costs, inflation, interest rates, potential changes in U.S. government policy positions, including changes in Department of Defense policies or priorities, geopolitical conflicts and strained international relations, U.S. and non- 24 U.S. tax law changes, foreign currency exchange rates, sanctions, tariffs, energy costs and supply, and the impact from natural disasters and weather conditions create uncertainties that could impact our businesses. Machine Clothing Segment The MC segment continues to deliver resilient performance, with several areas performing well despite uneven market dynamics. In Asia, softer demand—across Paper Machine Clothing & Engineered Fabrics—continues to contribute to regional pressure. Packaging and Tissue continue to perform well, supported by growth across most regions. Looking ahead to the remainder of 2026, we expect Packaging and Tissue to remain positive contributors, with sales in Europe and the Americas holding broadly stable, while Asia’s trajectory remains uncertain. Publication grades remained under structural pressure, and the MC segment expects publication grade paper demand to continue declining through 2026 and beyond, offset by growing demand for tissue grade products. We believe the MC segment is well-positioned in key markets, with high-quality, low-cost production in growth markets, substantially lower fixed costs in mature markets, and continued strength in new product development, technical product support, and manufacturing technology. Some of the markets in which MC's products are sold are expected to have volume trends that are in line with global GDP. Despite pricing and demand pressures on revenue growth, the MC segment is expected to improve earnings in the future through technological innovations, manufacturing productivity efficiencies and cost controls. The MC segment has been a significant generator of operating cash inflows for the Company. The Company seeks to maintain the cash-generating potential of this business by vigorously using our differentiated and technically superior products to reduce our customers’ total cost of operation while improving their paper quality, and by maintaining lower costs through a continued focus on cost-reduction initiatives and strategic investment. Albany Engineered Composites Segment The AEC segment's strategy is to continue to build on its global brand by leveraging its industry leading performance to drive future growth through technology differentiation. This includes continued investment in AEC's proprietary 3D-woven technology to accelerate solutions that can be offered across a set of broader applications; and by leveraging the AEC's non-3D technology capabilities and capacity, on high-value aerospace (both commercial and defense) applications, and other emerging markets such as space and advanced air mobility ("AAM"). The AEC segment provides longer-term growth potential for the Company as it ramps current production programs and captures new commercial and defense opportunities. The AEC segment (including Albany Safran Composites, LLC (“ASC”), in which our customer SAFRAN Group owns a 10% noncontrolling interest) supplies a number of customers in the aerospace industry. AEC’s largest aerospace customer is the SAFRAN Group ("SAFRAN") and sales to SAFRAN, through AS [Excerpt truncated for page length; source filing is linked above.] ## Latest 10-K MD&A Extracted between Item 7 and the next Item 7A/8 heading after HTML sanitization. Confidence: high ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of the Company. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes included under Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The MD&A generally discusses 2025 and 2024 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2025 and 2024. Discussions of 2023 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2024 and 2023 that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results or Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025, incorporated herein by reference. Business Environment Overview and Trends We conduct our business under two reportable segments: Machine Clothing (“MC”) and Albany Engineered Composites (“AEC”) each rooted in similar materials sciences know-how that forms a common approach to customer value proposition in design and manufacturability. MC competes on the basis of its deep industry knowledge, customer reputation and customer service and global advanced textile manufacturing capabilities, which has enabled it to develop a robust and market leading product offering that can be tailored to customer specific requirements. AEC competes on the basis of its innovative technology solutions, extensive composite manufacturing capabilities and 34 Index capacity that enable it to offer high quality specific part and assembly solutions that achieve its customers’ application performance requirements. General Global, economic, and political conditions, changes in raw material and commodity prices and supply, labor availability and costs, inflation, interest rates, potential changes in U.S. government policy positions, including changes in Department of Defense policies or priorities, geopolitical conflicts and strained international relations, U.S. and non-U.S. tax law changes, foreign currency exchange rates, sanctions, tariffs, energy costs and supply, and the impact from natural disasters and weather conditions create uncertainties that could impact our businesses. Machine Clothing During 2025, the MC segment delivered a resilient performance, with several areas performing well despite uneven market dynamics. In Asia, softer demand—across Paper Machine Clothing & Engineered Fabrics—contributed to regional pressure, while EF also declined due to strategic divestment and planned plant consolidation in Europe. Packaging and Tissue continued to perform well, supported by growth across most regions. Publication grades remained under structural pressure, and the MC segment expects publication grade paper demand to continue declining into 2026 and beyond, offset by growing demand for tissue grade products. Looking ahead to 2026, we expect Packaging and Tissue to remain positive contributors, with sales in Europe and the Americas holding broadly stable, while Asia’s trajectory remains uncertain. We believe the MC segment is well-positioned in key markets, with high-quality, low-cost production in growth markets, substantially lower fixed costs in mature markets, and continued strength in new product development, technical product support, and manufacturing technology. Some of the markets in which MC's products are sold are expected to have volume trends that are in line with global GDP. Despite pricing and demand pressures on revenue growth, the MC segment is expected to improve earnings in the future through technological innovations, particularly within the pressing market, manufacturing productivity efficiencies and cost controls. The MC segment has been a significant generator of cash for the Company. The Company seeks to maintain the cash-generating potential of this business by vigorously using our differentiated and technically superior products to reduce our customers’ total cost of operation while improving their paper quality, and by maintaining lower costs through a continued focus on cost-reduction initiatives and strategic investment. In August, 2023, the Company acquired Heimbach, a privately-held manufacturer of paper machine clothing headquartered in Düren, Germany, which provides the MC segment with an increase in scale and complementary technology that further drives MC's differentiated manufacturing sales and service network. The Heimbach integration is a multi-year program that started with harmonizing Heimbach operations with our legacy MRP systems and establishing a new global customer and operations organization. There is a disciplined focus to realize not only the combined benefits from procurement and overhead, but also to leverage best practices in manufacturing and a deep realignment of our operational footprint. During 2024, the Company announced several initiatives to further rationalize MC's operating footprint, including the closure of the South Korea facility, the consolidation of activities and facilities across the United Kingdom and the closure of Heimbach's Switzerland facility. The Company made progress and realized significant synergies from these efforts during 2025, and announced additional closures of engineered fabrics facilities in Italy, France and the United Kingdom. Albany Engineered Composites The AEC segment's strategy is to continue to build on its global brand by leveraging its industry leading performance to drive future growth through technology differentiation. This includes continued investment in AEC's proprietary 3D-woven technology to accelerate solutions that can be offered across a set of broader applications; and by leveraging the AEC's non-3D technology capabilities and capacity, on high-value aerospace (both commercial and defense) applications, and other emerging markets such as space and advance air mobility ("AAM"). The AEC segment provides longer-term growth potential for the Company as it ramps current production programs and captures new commercial and defense opportunities. The AEC segment (including Albany Safran Composites, LLC (“ASC”), in which our customer SAFRAN Group owns a 10% noncontrolling interest) supplies a number of customers in the aerospace industry. AEC’s largest aerospace 35 Index customer is the SAFRAN Group ("SAFRAN") and sales to SAFRAN, through ASC, (consisting primarily of fan blades and cases for CFM International’s LEAP engine) accounted for approximately 15% of the Company’s consolidated Net revenues in 2025. The AEC segment, through ASC, also supplies 3D-woven composite fan cases for the GE9X engine. Outside of ASC, the AEC segment also supplies 3D-woven composite vanes for the F-35 Liftfan. The AEC segment's current portfolio of non-3D programs includes components for the CH-53K helicopter, components for the F-35, missile bodies for Lockheed Martin’s JASSM air-to-surface missiles, fuselage components for the Boeing 787 aircraft, vacuum waste tanks for Boeing commercial aircraft and components and structures for other commercial, defense, and space and AAM programs. In 2025, approximately 35% of AEC net revenues were related to U.S. government contracts or programs. The AEC segment is dependent on global supply chains and has experienced disruptions in recent years. In addition, higher inflation levels increased material costs, higher labor rates and other supplier costs that have impacted the AEC segment’s results of operations. The AEC segment attempts to mitigate raw material and supplier costs by entering into long-term supply agreements. However, in some cases, higher raw material and supplier costs adversely impacted certain firm-fixed price programs resulting in lower program gross margins. In addition, as the AEC segment ramps-up larger complex programs, such as those associated with the CH-53 program, it continues to face challenges in staffing and training its workforce to support production rates, which has impacted operational productivity, particularly at its Salt Lake City facility, and contributed to increased labor and scrap costs. As a result of the higher costs and operational challenges, the AEC segment updated labor, material input and scrap assumptions and estimates for certain long-term programs that resulted in negative cumulative changes in estimated profitability in the amount of $165.8 million in 2025. This amount includes a $155.9 million change in estimated profitability associated with the performance of the CH-53K contracts, of which $147.3 million was recognized in the third quarter and was inclusive of a loss reserve adjustment of $98.0 million for greater than planned labor content and higher material inputs caused by inflation estimated for the duration of the contract. This adjustment represents the estimated full loss anticipated over the remaining eight year life of the program, and we are engaging with our CH-53K customer to discuss potential solutions. In spite of these ongoing discussions, subsequent to the end of the third quarter, we announced that we will commence a strategic review of the Amelia Earhart Drive facility in Salt Lake City. Such review could result in a sale of the facility and would include an exit of the structures assembly portion of our business, including the CH-53K contract work. As of December 31, 2025, we have determined that the assets of this group meet the held-for-sale criteria, and have been classified as such within our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Consolidated Results of Operations Net Revenues and Gross Profit The following table summarizes our Consolidated Net revenues and Gross profit: (in thousands, except percentages) Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 Net revenues $ 1,182,813  $ 1,230,615  $ 1,147,909  Gross profit 243,920  401,776  423,718  Gross profit margin 20.6  % 32.6  % 36.9  % % change in net revenues -3.9  % 7.2  % 10.9  % Consolidated Net revenues decreased 4% compared to 2024, driven by reduced demand for MC products in Asia and AEC revenue adjustments primarily related to the CH-53K program based on our long-term contract estimates. These decreases are partially offset by higher revenue on the AEC LEAP program. The decrease in Consolidated Gross profit during 2025, as compared to 2024, was driven primarily by increased cost assumptions that adjusted the expected profitability of the AEC segments CH-53K long-term contracts. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues was 21%. 36 Index Operating Expenses The following table summarizes Consolidated Operating expenses by classification: (in thousands, except percentages) Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 Selling, general and administrative expenses $ 218,326  $ 210,882  $ 214,915  Technical and research expenses 48,015  46,097  40,627  Restructuring expenses, net 13,682  13,438  282  Total operating expenses $ 280,023  $ 270,417  $ 255,824  Total operating expenses as a % of net revenues 23.7  % 22.0  % 22.3  % Consolidated SG&A expenses increased 3.5% as compared to 2024 and as a percentage of Net revenues, SG&A expenses increased from 17.1% in 2024 to 18.5% in 2025. The overall increase in Consolidated SG&A expenses was due to the net effect of a $4.4 million increase in personnel-related costs, an increase of $1.9 million in professional fees, and an increase of $3.2 million in global information system costs. Consolidated Technical and research expenses increased 4.2% as compared to 2024 and as a percentage of Net revenues increased from 3.7% in 2024 to 4.1% in 2025. This change is primarily driven by increased activity within our New Business Ventures group. In addition to the items discussed above affecting Gross profit, SG&A and Technical and research expenses, Operating income was affected by Restructuring expense, net, of $13.7 million in 2025, as compared to $13.4 million in 2024. At MC, restructuring actions were taken throughout 2024 and 2025 in order to cease operations at several facilities. Prior year actions at the Company's MC forming fabric manufacturing facility in Chungju, South Korea, at the Company's Heimbach engineered fabric manufacturing facility in Rochdale, UK, and at the Company's Heimbach paper machine clothing facility in Olten, Switzerland, concluded in 2025. Additional actions were announced in 2025 to close engineered fabric facilities in Ballo, Italy and Saint Junien, France as well as a facility in Manchester, United Kingdom. These actions drove $8.3 million of restructuring charges during 2025, compared to $11.2 million in 2024, a decrease that is primarily due to the timing of the announced actions, workforce reductions, and related costs. We expect to incur additional restructuring expenses related to these actions into 2026. At AEC, restructuring activities were related to reductions in the workforce at various AEC locations, which resulted in restructuring expenses of $3.3 million for the year ended 2025 and $3.6 million for the year ended 2024. During the first quarter of 2025, the Company decided to consolidate headquarters in Portsmouth, NH. This change impacts approximately 100 employees and will continue through the first half of 2026. Through December 31, 2025, this has resulted in expenses of $2.0 million related to retention, relocation, severance, and professional costs. 37 Index Operating Income The following table summarizes operating income/(loss) by business segment: (in thousands, except percentages) Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 Machine Clothing $ 156,212  $ 183,632  $ 188,429  Albany Engineered Composites (145,135) (11,603) 27,351  Corporate (47,180) (40,670) (47,886) Total operating income (loss) $ (36,103) $ 131,359  $ 167,894  % of net revenues -3.1  % 10.7  % 14.6  % See the Segment Results of Operations section of this Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for significant drivers of Operating income/(loss) for each business segment. Other Earnings Items The following table summarizes other earnings items that are presented below Operating income: (in thousands) Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 Interest expense, net $ 20,605  $ 12,549  $ 13,601  Other (income)/expense, net 5,079  1,721  (6,163) Income tax (benefit)/expense (4,828) 29,034  48,846  Net income/(loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest 383  432  490  Interest Expense, net Interest expense, net increased by $8.1 million over the prior year primarily due to higher average borrowings, in part offset by $1.1 million of greater interest income earned on cash equivalents during the current year. For more information, see Note 17, Financial Instruments, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other (income)/expense, net Other (income)/expense, net included foreign currency related transactions that resulted in losses of $8.9 million in 2025 as compared to $3.9 million of gains in 2024. In addition, changes in the fair value of derivative instruments included gains of $3.7 million in 2025 and losses of $3.5 million in 2024, driven by currency rate movements, most notably the Brazilian Real and Mexican Peso. See Note 6, Other (Income)/Expense, net, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information. Income Taxes Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 Effective tax rate 7.8% 24.8% 30.4% The effective tax rate represents the combined federal, state and foreign tax effects attributable to pretax earnings. For more information on income tax, see Note 7, Income Taxes, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company has continuously monitored its ability to realize deferred tax assets as it pertains to Heimbach GmbH due to their existing net operating loss carryovers. After reviewing the positive and negative evidence available as of December 31, 2025, we continue to assert that we will more likely than not be able to utilize the net deferred tax assets. Net operating losses, which make up the majority of the deferred tax assets, have an unlimited carryforward period in Germany and we expect continued improvements in the business post-acquisition due to synergies and efficiencies that will be realized in the near future. The current net deferred tax asset position at Heimbach GmbH as of December 31, 2025 is $16.5 million. If it was determined that a valuation allowance was required, a deferred tax 38 Index expense of $16.5 million as of December 31, 2025 would be required to create a reserve against those net deferred tax assets. The assessment of the need for a valuation allowance could change in future periods if additional negative evidence is observed. The amount of the tax expense needed to book the valuation allowance could also change depending on additional activities. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has issued Pillar Two model rules introducing a new global minimum tax of 15% effective on January 1, 2024. While the U.S. has indicated that it will not adopt the Pillar Two framework at this time, various jurisdictions in which we operate have enacted, or are in the process of enacting, legislation to implement these rules. Based on their current design, the Pillar Two rules are expected to apply to our global operations. We have evaluated the impact of these rules and have determined that it did not materially increase our global tax costs in 2025. We will continue to monitor U.S. and global legislative action related to Pillar Two for potential impacts. 39 Index Segment Results of Operations Machine Clothing Segment The MC segment accounted for 59.9% of our consolidated revenues during 2025. A summary of MC's selected financial results is as follows: (in thousands, except percentages) Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 Net revenues $ 708,066  $ 749,907  $ 670,768  % change -5.6  % 11.8  % 10.1  % Gross profit 323,732  346,044  331,558  % of net revenues 45.7  % 46.1  % 49.4  % SG&A expenses 131,175  123,120  118,196  Technical and research expenses 28,090  29,832  24,651  Restructuring expenses, net 8,255  9,460  282  Operating income $ 156,212  $ 183,632  $ 188,429  % of net revenues 22.1  % 24.5  % 28.1  % Net revenues Net revenues decreased 5.6% as compared to 2024, driven by reduced demand in Asia, most significantly in China, and by site consolidations, unplanned equipment downtime in one of our production facilities and lower than anticipated sales pricing. This decline is slightly offset by a strong performance within the European market, particularly related to the drying and pressing programs. Further, changes in currency translation rates had the effect of increasing Net revenues $1.2 million. Gross Profit Gross profit decreased by $22.3 million as compared to 2024, primarily driven by the volume declines noted above; with gross profit margin also decreasing slightly from 46.1% in 2024 to 45.7% in 2025. Operating Income Operating income decreased $27.4 million or 14.9% as compared to 2024, primarily as a result of gross profit declines and increased SG&A costs. Incremental SG&A expenses were primarily a result of increased revaluation losses on monetary operating assets. Backlog Backlog at MC can include certain unconfirmed customer indications that may be cancelled prior to release into production. Additionally, a significant amount of orders do not enter backlog due to short lead times. As such, we believe that the segment’s backlog is not a strong indicator of expected future revenue. Albany Engineered Composites Segment The AEC segment accounted for 40.1% of our consolidated net revenues during 2025. AEC has contracts with certain customers, including its contract for the LEAP program, where revenue is determined by a cost-plus-fee agreement. Revenue earned under these arrangements accounted for approximately 39% of segment revenue for 2025 and 2024. In addition, AEC has long-term contracts in which the selling price is fixed. In accounting for those contracts, we estimate the profit margin expected at the completion of the contract and recognize a pro-rata share of that profit during the course of the contract using a cost-to-cost approach. Changes in estimated contract profitability will affect revenue and gross profit when the change occurs, which could have a significant favorable or unfavorable effect on revenue and gross profit in any reporting period. For contracts with anticipated losses, a provision for the entire amount of the estimated remaining loss is charged against income in the period in which the loss becomes known. Contract losses are determined considering all direct and indirect contract costs, exclusive of any selling, general or 40 Index administrative cost allocations, which are treated as period expenses. Expected losses on projects include losses on contract options that are probable of exercise, excluding profitable options that often follow. A summary of AEC's selected financial results is as follows: (in thousands, except percentages) Years ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 Net revenues $ 474,747  $ 480,708  $ 477,141  % change -1.2  % 0.7  % 12.2  % Gross profit (79,812) 55,732  92,160  % of net revenues -16.8  % 11.6  % 19.3  % SG&A expenses 46,449  47,421  48,833  Technical and research expenses 15,615  16,265  15,976  Restructuring expenses, net 3,259  3,649  —  Operating income/(loss) $ (145,135) $ (11,603) $ 27,351  % of net revenues -30.6  % -2.4  % 5.7  % Net revenues Net revenues decreased 1.2%, primarily driven by $54.9 million of revenue adjustments to the CH-53K program based on our long-term contract estimates. These reductions are partially offset by higher activity levels on various programs including LEAP. Further, changes in currency translation rates had the effect of increasing Net revenues $1.4 million. Gross Profit Gross profit decreased $135.5 million as compared to last year, and Gross profit margin decreased from 11.6% in 2024 to (16.8)% in 2025. The reduction was driven primarily by approximately $155.9 million of increased life of contract cost assumptions surrounding the estimated profitability of our CH-53K long-term contracts. Operating Income/(Loss) Operating income decreased $133.5 million, principally due to reduced Gross profit as noted above. This was slightly offset by a decrease in SG&A expenses of $1.0 million, driven by a $0.7 million decrease in personnel-related costs. Technical and research expenses decreased $0.7 million as compared to 2024, driven by decreased research material and labor costs. Lastly, restructuring activities were related to reductions in the workforce at various AEC locations and resulted in restructuring expenses of $3.3 million, further reducing Operating income. Backlog Backlog at AEC represents the aggregate dollar value of products and services for the given term of our contracts with customers where we have enforceable rights, including both funded and unfunded contract scope, for which products have not been provided or services have not been performed, but excluding unexercised contract options and potential orders under ordering-type contracts. For new contract awards, the initial backlog recorded may only reflect a portion of the total value of the contract award, particularly for ordering-type contracts. Backlog may increase over time as the orders placed against a contract include enforceable rights. For our ASC LEAP contract with our partner Safran, our backlog reflects the agreed business plan values with Safran for the subsequent full twelve-month calendar year. Orders included in our backlog may be modified, canceled, or rescheduled by our customers, although customers may incur cancellation penalties as defined in the terms of such customer contracts; and which such terms may vary from contract to contract. If any of our enforceable contracts were to be terminated, our backlog would be reduced by the expected value of the unfilled orders of such contracts. Backlog differs from unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts disclosed in Note 3, Revenue Recognition, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which excludes unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration of one year or less. 41 Index Backlog at AEC was $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2025. Working Capital, Liquidity and Capital Structure Working Capital Payment terms granted to paper industry and other machine clothing customers reflect general competitive practices. Terms vary with product, competitive conditions, and the country of operation. In some markets, customer agreements require us to maintain significant amounts of finished goods inventory to assure continuous availability of our products. In addition to supplying paper, paperboard, and tissue companies, the MC segment is a leading supplier to the nonwovens (which includes the manufacture of products such as diapers, personal care, and household wipes), building products, and tannery and textile industries. These non-paper industries have a wide range of customers, with markets that vary from industrial applications to consumer use products. The AEC segment primarily serves customers in the commercial and defense aerospace market through both engine and airframe applications. AEC's working capital levels rose steadily in the last several years in line with the segment's growth. In the MC segment, the Chinese New Year, summer months, and the end of the year are often periods of lower production for some of our customers, which, in the past contributed to seasonal variation in sales and orders. In recent years, shorter order cycles and lower inventory levels throughout the supply chain have become a more significant factor in quarterly sales. The impact of these combined factors on any quarter can be difficult to predict, and can make quarterly comparisons less meaningful than annual comparisons. While seasonality is generally not a significant factor in the Albany Engineered Composites segment, the commercial terms of the supply agreement governing the LEAP program resulted in fourth quarter sales volatility in recent years. Cash Flow Summary (in thousands) For the years ended December 31, 2025 2024 2023 Net income $ (56,959) $ 88,055  $ 111,610  Depreciation and amortization 87,914  89,294  76,733  Changes in working capital(a) 10,861  54,321  (44,214) Changes in long-term liabilities, deferred taxes and other credits (45,865) (23,033) (11,829) Contract loss provision 139,665  —  —  Other operating items 16,858  9,804  15,756  Net cash provided by operating activities 152,474  218,441  148,056  Net cash used in investing activities (68,262) (80,180) (217,899) Net cash used in financing activities (96,051) (183,832) (52,641) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash flows 8,906  (12,566) 4,128  Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (2,933) (58,137) (118,356) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 115,283  173,420  291,776  Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 112,350  $ 115,283  $ 173,420  _________________________ (a) Includes Accounts receivable, Contract assets, Inventories, Accounts payable and Accrued liabilities. Net cash provided by operating activities during 2025 was $152.5 million, compared to $218.4 million in 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by slower working capital turns at both segments much of which is driven by higher levels of year-end shipments at AEC, as well as lower net income adjusted for non-cash items. Net cash used in investing activities included capital expenditures totaling $71.5 million and $81.2 million during 2025 and 2024, respectively, which include investments in new aerospace programs and productivity enhancements in our MC segment. In addition to lower capital expenditures, the decrease from 2024 is due, in part, to proceeds from the sale of Arcari in April 2025. 42 Index Net cash used in financing activities was $96.1 million during 2025 as compared to $183.8 million during 2024. The change in cash used in finance activities is a result of increased borrowings and a decrease in principal debt payments versus prior year, partially offset by increased share repurchases. Liquidity and Capital Structure We finance our business activities primarily with cash generated from operations and borrowings, largely through our revolving credit agreement as discussed below. Our subsidiaries outside of the United States may also maintain working capital lines with local banks. Under our $800 million unsecured credit agreement, $455.7 million of borrowings were outstanding as of December 31, 2025. We believe cash flows from operations and the availability of funds under our Amended Credit Agreement will be adequate to fund our operations and business needs over the next twelve months. As of December 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $112.4 million and availability under our Credit Agreement of $344.3 million, for a total liquidity of approximately $456.7 million. For more information on the revolving credit agreement, see Note 17, Financial Instruments, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of December 31, 2025, $91.6 million of our total cash and cash equivalents was held by non-U.S. subsidiaries. The Company has targeted for repatriation $122.2 million of current year and prior year earnings of the Company’s foreign operations. The accumulated undistributed earnings of the Company’s foreign operations not targeted for repatriation to the U.S. were approximately $132.1 million, and are intended to remain indefinitely invested in foreign operations. Our cash planning strategy includes repatriating current earnings in excess of working capital requirements from certain countries in which our subsidiaries operate. While we have been successful in such endeavor to date, there can be no assurance that we will be able to cost-effectively repatriate funds in the future. Repatriating such cash from certain jurisdictions, which is currently considered to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations, may also result in additional taxes. We have also returned cash to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. We paid dividends of $32.5 million and $32.5 million during 2025 and 2024, respectively. In total, the Company repurchased 2,841,036 shares in 2025 for a total cost of $187.9 million. On February 21, 2025, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase shares up to $250 million, which replaces a prior authorization put in place in 2021. The Company has $76.7 million remaining under this authorization for future share repurchases. The Company is party to certain off-balance sheet arrangements, including certain guarantees. The Company provides financial assurance, such as payment guarantee and letters of credit and surety bonds, primarily to support workers’ compensation programs and customs clearance, of less than $12 million. There were no material changes in the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements during 2025. Other Sources/Uses of Capital We have contractual commitments to repay debt, make payments under leases, contribute to our pension and postretirement plans, and settle obligations related to agreements to purchase goods and services, income taxes, compensation plans, and as applicable, interest rate swaps. We estimate these contractual commitments amount to approximately $595.2 million as of December 31, 2025, of which we expect to pay $41.7 million within the next year. Interest payments on debt are expected to be approximately $17.6 million in 2026, $17.6 million in 2027, and $11.1 million in 2028, and principal payments on debt of $330.7 million are not due until 2028. For more information on the revolving credit agreement, see Note 17, Financial Instruments, for payments related to leases see Note 20, Leases, and for payments related to pension and postretirement plans see Note 4, Pension, Postretirement, and Other Benefit Plans, as included in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Payments for these commitments are not representative of all our future cash requirements, which will vary based on future needs. Critical Accounting Policies For the discussion of our accounting policies, see Note 1, Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make assumptions and estimates that directly affect the amounts reported 43 Index in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Each of these assumptions is subject to uncertainties and changes in those assumptions or judgments which can affect our results of operations. In addition to the accounting policies stated in Note 1, Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the financial statement amounts and disclosures are significantly influenced by market factors, judgments and estimates as described below. Revenue Recognition Contracts with customers in the MC segment have various terms that can affect the point in time when revenue is recognized. The contractual terms are closely monitored in order to ensure revenue is recognized in the proper period. Products and services provided under long-term contracts represent a significant portion of net revenues in the AEC segment. AEC’s largest source of revenue is derived from the LEAP contract under a cost-plus-fee agreement. The fee may vary within a narrow range based on our success in achieving certain cost targets. Revenue is recognized over time as costs are incurred. Under this contract, there is judgment involved in determining applicable contract costs and the amount of revenue to be recognized. We also have fixed price long-term contracts, for which revenue is generally recognized over time using an input method as the measure of progress. This method requires significant judgment and estimation, which could be considerably different if the underlying circumstances were to change. When adjustments in estimated contract revenues or costs are required, any changes from prior estimates are included in earnings in the period the change occurs. AEC has long-term aerospace contracts under which there are two phases: a phase during which the production part is designed and tested, and a phase of supplying production parts. During the design and testing phases, we perform pre-production or nonrecurring engineering services, which are normally considered a fulfillment activity, rather than a performance obligation. Fulfillment activities that create resources that will be used in satisfying performance obligations in the future, and are expected to be recovered, are capitalized in Other assets. The capitalized costs are amortized into cost of goods sold over the period which the asset is expected to contribute to future cash flows, including anticipated renewal periods. Accumulated capitalized costs are written-off when those costs are determined to be unrecoverable. For contracts with anticipated losses, a provision for the entire amount of the estimated remaining loss is charged against income in the period in which the loss becomes known. Contract loss provisions include contract options that are probable of exercise, excluding any profitable options that might be expected to follow. Contract losses are determined considering all direct and indirect contract costs, exclusive of any selling, general or administrative costs, which are treated as period expenses. We are required to limit our estimate of contract values to the period of the legally enforceable contract. While certain contracts are expected to be profitable over the course of the program life when including expected renewals, our estimate of contract revenues and costs is limited to the estimated value of enforceable rights and obligations, excluding anticipated renewals. In some cases, the contract period may result in a loss contract provision at the inception of the contract. Pension and Postretirement Liabilities We sponsor several pension and postretirement benefit plans. Our liabilities under these defined benefit plans are determined using methodologies that involve several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate, health care cost inflation rate and the long-term rate of return on plan assets. We review our actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and make modifications to the assumptions when appropriate. Discount Rate Selection We select a discount rate for purposes of measuring obligations under defined benefit plans by matching cash flows separately for each plan to the yields on high-quality zero-coupon bonds. We use the RATE: Link 60-90 model (the "RATE Link"). We believe the projected cash flows used to determine RATE Link provide a good approximation of the timing and amounts of our defined benefit payments under our plans and no adjustments to RATE Link has been made. Measurement of our postretirement benefit obligations requires the use of several assumptions about factors that will affect the amount and timing of future benefit payments. The assumed health care cost trend rates are the most 44 Index critical estimates for measurement of the postretirement benefit obligation. Changes in the health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care benefit obligation. Long-term Rate of Return on Plan Assets Assumption Our expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is derived from our asset allocation strategies and anticipated future long-term performance of individual asset classes. Our analysis gives consideration to recent plan performance and historical returns; however, the assumptions are primarily based on long-term, prospective rates of return. The weighted average long-term rate of return on plan assets for our defined benefit pension plans is 4.82% for 2025. Based on information provided by actuaries and other relevant sources, the Company believes that the assumptions used to estimate expenses, assets and liabilities of pensions and postretirement benefits are reasonable; however, changes in these assumptions could impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Income Taxes We evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets by assessing available positive and negative evidence, including the expected reversal of existing temporary differences and projections of future taxable income. If, based on the weight of available evidence, we believe that it is more likely than not some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established. The amount of a valuation allowance is based upon management’s best estimate of deferred tax assets that are not expected to be realized. Tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return are recognized when it is more-likely-than-not, based on technical merits, to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The amount of tax benefit recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement, including resolution of any administrative appeals or litigation process, where applicable. These evaluations involve a high degree of uncertainty because they require us to make material assumptions about future events that are inherently difficult to predict. Key judgments include projections of future taxable income across multiple tax jurisdictions, interpretations of continually evolving tax laws and regulations, expectations regarding audit outcomes, and assessments of the timing and reversals of temporary differences. Changes in these assumptions or in actual outcomes could materially affect the amount of deferred tax assets we are able to realize, the valuation allowance recorded, and the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions Business Combinations As we enter into business combinations, we perform acquisition accounting requirements including the following: •Identifying the acquirer, •Determining the acquisition date, •Recognizing and measuring the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed, and •Recognizing and measuring goodwill, as applicable. We complete valuation procedures and record the resulting fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities in accordance with the acquisition method under ASC 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition methodology requires management to make assumptions and apply judgment to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If estimates or assumptions used to complete the enterprise valuation and estimates of the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities significantly differ from assumptions made, the resulting difference could materially affect the fair value of net assets. In determining the fair value of the tangible assets, including property, plant and equipment, we consider the cost-approach and the market approach, which estimates the cost to replace the asset, less accrued depreciation resulting from physical deterioration, functional obsolescence and external obsolescence. In the determination of the fair value of the identified intangible assets, we use cash flow models following the income approach, specifically, a relief from royalty method methodology. Inputs include estimated revenue growth rates, gross margins, operating expenses, and estimated attrition, royalty and discount rates. Goodwill is recorded as the difference in the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities and the purchase price, as applicable. 45 Index Goodwill and Intangible assets Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at least annually. Estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the use of estimates and significant judgments, including but not limited to revenue growth rates, operating margins, discount rates, and future market conditions. It is possible that these judgments and estimates could change in future periods. Impairment assessments inherently involve management judgments regarding a number of assumptions such as those described. Due to the many variables inherent in the estimation of a reporting unit’s fair value and the relative size of our recorded goodwill, differences in assumptions could have a material effect on the estimated fair value of one or more of our reporting units and could result in a goodwill impairment charge in a future period. The determination of the fair value of intangible assets acquired in a business acquisition is subject to many estimates and assumptions. Among such estimates and assumptions are royalties, discount rate and useful life. We review amortizable intangible asset groups for impairment whenever events and changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Recent Accounting Pronouncements See "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" in Note 1, Accounting Policies, of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.