Albertsons Companies, Inc. (ACI) Risk Factors

Item 1A - Risk Factors

There are risks and uncertainties that can affect our business. The most significant risk factors are discussed below. The following information should be read together with "Part II—Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Form 10-K, which includes forward-looking statements and factors that could cause us not to realize our goals or meet our expectations.

Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

General economic conditions affecting the food and drug retail industry and various operating factors may affect our business and may adversely affect our business and operating results.

Our operations and financial performance are affected by economic conditions such as macroeconomic factors, credit market conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions and the level of consumer confidence. Both inflation and deflation affect our business. Food deflation could reduce sales growth and earnings, while food inflation could reduce gross margin rates and consumer spending. We have observed increased inflation periods during the past several years with varying impacts on our business. We are unable to predict the direction of the economy or if inflation will increase materially or revert to deflation. A continued increase in energy costs, including fuel, could also have an effect on consumer spending and on our costs of producing and procuring products that we sell. If the economy weakens, energy costs continue to increase or inflationary trends continue, our business and operating results could be adversely affected. We may also experience materially adverse impacts to our business as a result of consumers' perceptions of the economy, and a decrease in their personal financial condition could hurt overall consumer confidence and reduce demand for many of our product offerings. Consumers may reduce spending on non-essential items, purchase value-oriented products or increasingly rely on food discounters in an effort to secure the food and drug products that they need, all of which could impact our sales and profit. Governmental and regulatory changes and reductions in governmental subsidies such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ("SNAP") could also materially impact our business adversely.

Our inability to invest in, manage costs and keep pace with technological changes, including those adopted by our competitors, may adversely impact our business initiatives and affect our financial performance. We may be limited in our ability to implement automation-related technological changes or artificial intelligence in certain of our operations if we are unable to negotiate appropriate terms in our contracts with our labor unions. Our success is also dependent in large part upon our ability to maintain and enhance the goodwill and reputation of our banners, our

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customers’ connection to our banners, and a positive relationship with the communities in which we serve. Additionally, acts of violence at, or threatened against, our stores, including active shooter situations, may, in addition to other operational impact, result in damage and restricted access to our stores and/or store closures for short or extended periods of time, all of which could materially adversely affect our financial performance.

Our operations are dependent upon the availability of a significant amount of energy and fuel to manufacture, store, transport and sell products.

Our operations are dependent upon the availability of a significant amount of energy and fuel to manufacture, store, transport and sell products. Energy and fuel costs are influenced by domestic and international political and economic circumstances and have experienced volatility both recently and over time. While we have entered into contracts to reduce the impact of volatile energy and fuel costs for our future energy needs, volatility that exceeds offsetting contractual arrangements could adversely affect our results of operations.

Failure to realize anticipated benefits from our productivity initiatives could adversely affect our financial performance and competitive position.

While we have identified and are implementing a broad range of specific productivity initiatives to help offset cost inflation, increase growth and improve earnings, the savings from these productivity initiatives represent management's estimates and remain subject to risks and uncertainties. There can be no assurance that all of our initiatives will be successful or that we will realize the estimated benefits in the currently anticipated amounts or timeframe, if at all. Also, certain of our initiatives may involve up-front costs or significant changes to our operating processes and systems that could result in disruptions in our operations and impact our results of operations.

We may be unable to achieve our corporate social responsibility and sustainability goals.

In recent years, there has been focus from investors, governmental and nongovernmental entities, associates and the public on corporate social responsibility and sustainability matters, including greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy, packaging and waste, practices related to sustainable supply chain, energy and water use, human rights, animal rights and social commitment. We have historically established and publicly announced certain goals, commitments, and targets which we may change in the future. Our ability to set and execute on our operational strategies and achieve these goals, commitments, and targets are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which may be outside of our control and prove to be more costly than we anticipated. Any failure, or perceived failure, to achieve our social responsibility and sustainability goals, commitments, and targets, or perceived lack of intensity of our commitment to these initiatives or to otherwise meet evolving and varied stakeholder expectations could damage our reputation and customer, investor and other stakeholder relationships. In addition, we could face increased regulatory, reputational and legal scrutiny as a result of our corporate social responsibility and sustainability related commitments and disclosures, and we could also face challenges with managing conflicting regulatory requirements and our various stakeholders' expectations. Such conditions could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Failure to attract and retain qualified associates could materially adversely affect our financial performance and our ability to successfully execute our business strategy.

Our ability to continue to conduct and expand our operations and the acceleration of our business strategy depends on our ability to attract and retain a large and growing number of qualified associates. The food retail industry is labor intensive. Our ability to meet our labor needs, including our ability to find qualified personnel to fill positions that become vacant at our existing stores and distribution centers, while controlling our associate wage and related labor costs, is subject to numerous external factors, including the availability of qualified persons in the workforce in the local markets in which we are located, unemployment levels within those markets, prevailing wage rates, changing demographics, attitudes toward employment in the food and drug retail industry, the perception of our

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corporate values and business strategy, health and other insurance costs and adoption of new or revised employment and labor laws and regulations. Such laws related to employee hours, wages, job classification and benefits could significantly increase our operating costs. In the event of increasing wage rates, if we fail to increase our wages competitively, the quality of our workforce could decline, causing our customer service to suffer, while increasing wages for our employees could cause our costs to increase. If we are unable to locate, to train, to attract or to retain qualified personnel capable of meeting our business needs and expectations, the quality of service we provide to our customers may decrease and our business, financial performance and brand image may be adversely affected. Any failure to meet our staffing needs or any material increase in turnover rates of our employees may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We believe that our success is directly linked to the competent people in the Company, including our executive officers and other key personnel. Personnel turnover can be costly and could materially and adversely impact our operating results and potentially jeopardize the success of our business strategy. Our business and operating results may be adversely impacted if we fail to retain and recruit key personnel.

A significant majority of our employees are unionized, and our relationship with unions, including labor disputes or work stoppages, as well as related and other pensions expenses could have an adverse impact on our operations and financial results.

As of February 28, 2026, approximately 190,000 of our employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. During fiscal 2025, collective bargaining agreements covering approximately 126,000 employees expired and were successfully renegotiated. In fiscal 2026, collective bargaining agreements covering approximately 22,000 employees are scheduled to expire. We currently contribute to 28 multiemployer pension plans for a substantial majority of employees represented by unions pursuant to collective bargaining agreements that require us to contribute to these plans. In future negotiations with labor unions, we expect that health care, pension costs and/or contributions and wage costs, among other issues, will be important topics for negotiation. If, upon the expiration of such collective bargaining agreements, we are unable to negotiate acceptable contracts with labor unions, it could result in strikes by the affected workers and significantly disrupt our operations. As part of our collective bargaining agreements, we may need to fund additional pension contributions, which would negatively impact our operating costs. In the event we were to exit certain markets or otherwise cease contributing to multiemployer plans, we could trigger a substantial withdrawal liability. Such withdrawal liability may have a material adverse impact on our financial results. We are also the sponsors of defined benefit retirement plans for certain employees. The funded status of these plans is a significant factor in determining annual pension expense and cash contributions to fund the plans. Unfavorable investment performance, increased pension expense and cash contributions may have an adverse impact on our financial results. For additional information, see "Part II—Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Multiemployer Pension Plans."

Risks Related to Our Industry

Competition in our industry is intense, and our failure to compete successfully may adversely affect our profitability and operating results.

The food and drug retail industry is large and dynamic, characterized by intense competition among a collection of local, regional and national participants. In addition to new entrants to the market, we face strong competition from existing supercenters, other brick and mortar food and/or drug retailers, club stores, dollar and discount stores, grocery outlets, online retailers and distributors, specialty and niche supermarkets, "limited assortment" stores, drug stores, general merchandisers, wholesale stores, convenience stores, natural food stores, farmers' markets, local chains and stand-alone stores that cater to the individual cultural preferences of specific neighborhoods, restaurants, catering companies and home delivery and meal solution companies. Shifts in the competitive landscape, consumer preference or market share may have an adverse effect on our profitability and results of operations.

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As a result of consumers' growing desire to shop online, we also face increasing competition from both our existing competitors that have incorporated the internet as a direct-to-consumer channel and online providers that sell grocery products. Although we have accelerated the expansion of our digital business to offer our customers the ability to shop online for both Drive Up & Go curbside pickup and home delivery, there is no assurance that these online initiatives will continue to be successful. In addition, these initiatives may have an adverse impact on our profitability because of lower gross margins or greater operating costs to compete.

Our ability to attract customers is dependent, in large part, upon a combination of channel preference, location, store conditions, quality, fresh, price, service, convenience and selection and our ability to leverage existing and emerging digital technologies. In each of these areas, other companies compete with us and may successfully attract our customers by matching or exceeding what we offer or by providing greater shopping convenience or better offerings. In recent years, many of our competitors have aggressively added locations and adopted a multi-channel approach to marketing and advertising. Our responses to competitive pressures, such as additional promotions, increased advertising, additional capital investment including for development of our digital offerings and retail media network, could adversely affect our profitability and cash flow. We cannot guarantee that our competitive response will succeed in increasing or maintaining our share of retail food sales.

An increasingly competitive industry and inflation and deflation in the prices of certain foods have made it difficult for food retailers to achieve positive identical sales growth on a consistent basis. We and our competitors have attempted to maintain or grow our respective share of retail food sales through capital and price investment, increased promotional activity and new and remodeled stores, creating a more difficult environment to consistently increase year-over-year sales. Some of our primary competitors are larger than us, have greater financial resources available to them or sell a diversified mix of non-food products, and, therefore, may be able to devote greater resources to grow their share of retail food sales or offset lower food margins with higher-margin non-food products. Price investment by our competitors has also adversely affected our operating margins.

We have evaluated in the past, and may evaluate in the future, certain strategic transactions with complementary businesses, services, or technologies as part of our overall growth strategy. These strategic transactions may involve significant risks, including but not limited to: the need for substantial financial investment; the diversion of management’s attention and resources from our existing operations; challenges in integrating acquired businesses or realizing expected synergies; the need to obtain costly or time-consuming regulatory approvals; potential negative perception by our customers, shareholders and the broader market; and exposure to contingent or unexpected liabilities, any of which could adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and future prospects.

Our continued success to effectively compete in the food retail industry is dependent upon our ability to control operating expenses, replicate competitor capabilities, make appropriate investments, manage product and labor costs in an increasingly competitive labor market and health care and pension costs stipulated by our collective bargaining agreements. Several of our primary competitors are larger than we are, or are not subject to collective bargaining agreements. This allows them to more effectively leverage their fixed costs or more easily reduce operating expenses. Changes in our product mix also may negatively affect our profitability. Our inability to adequately control and prevent shrink has impacted our results of operations and could impact our results of operations in the future. Failure to accomplish our objectives could impair our ability to compete successfully and adversely affect our profitability. Profit margins in the food retail industry are low. In order to increase or maintain our profit margins, we develop operating strategies to increase revenues, increase gross margins and reduce costs, such as our business strategy, new marketing programs, new advertising campaigns, productivity improvements, shrink-reduction initiatives, distribution center efficiencies, manufacturing efficiencies, energy efficiencies and other similar strategies and value-creating initiatives. Our failure to achieve forecasted revenue growth, gross margin improvement or cost reductions could have a material adverse effect on our profitability and operating results.

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Failure to timely identify or respond to evolving consumer preferences, including changes in how customers use digital and AI-driven tools, could adversely affect our customer relationships, demand and market share.

Because we face intense competition, our success depends, in part, on effectively anticipating evolving trends in demographics and responding to changing consumer preferences and demands. It is difficult to predict consistently and successfully the products and services our customers will demand over time. Failure to timely identify or effectively respond to changing consumer tastes, preferences and spending patterns could lead us to offer our customers a mix of products, methods to purchase products or a level of pricing that they do not find attractive.

In addition, advances in technology are changing how customers interact with retailers and make purchasing decisions. The emergence of artificial intelligence‑powered agentic shopping tools, through which AI agents autonomously research, compare and purchase products on behalf of consumers, could further disrupt traditional grocery retail. If customers increasingly rely on these tools and AI agents prioritize factors such as price or speed over retailer preference or brand loyalty, we could lose our direct relationship with customers. This could reduce our visibility into customer behavior, increase margin pressure, and limit our ability to influence purchasing decisions.

These developments could negatively affect our relationship with customers, leading them to reduce their visits to our stores, shift purchases to other channels or methods, and decrease the amount they spend with us. Further, while we have significantly expanded our digital capabilities and grown our loyalty programs over the last several years, as technology continues to evolve and customer expectations change, we will need to continue to develop and offer digital, loyalty, media and other technology‑enabled solutions that are both cost effective and compelling. Failure to anticipate or respond to customer expectations for products, services, digital capabilities, loyalty programs or emerging purchasing technologies could negatively affect demand for our products and services and our market share, which may adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in the healthcare industry could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Many organizations in the healthcare industry have consolidated to create larger healthcare enterprises with greater market power, which has resulted in increased pricing pressures. If this consolidation trend continues, it could give the resulting enterprises even greater bargaining power, which may lead to further pressure on the prices for our pharmacy products and services. If these pressures result in reductions in our prices, we will become less profitable unless we are able to achieve corresponding reductions in costs, increase productivity or develop profitable new revenue streams. We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party reimbursement policies, government contracting requirements, direct-to-consumer sales of prescription drugs, growth in online pharmacies, litigation and societal pressures will continue to cause the healthcare industry to evolve, potentially resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among the industry participants we engage with, which may adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 established the Medicare Drug Negotiation Program, which authorizes the federal government to directly negotiate prices for certain prescription drugs reimbursed under Medicare Part B and Part D. The program became effective in 2026 and, while initially limited, is expected to expand over time to include up to 100 drugs by 2031. The drugs subject to future negotiation, the prices ultimately established, and the broader effects on commercial pricing, reimbursement structures, and customer purchasing behavior remain uncertain. As a result, the program could negatively impact the Company's revenues, profitability, and overall financial condition or results of operations. Any expansion of the program or adoption of similar pricing mechanisms by other government or private payers could further increase these risks.

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Certain risks are inherent in providing pharmacy products and services, and our insurance may not be adequate to cover any claims against us.

We currently operate 1,713 in-store pharmacies. As a result, we are exposed to risks inherent in the packaging, dispensing, billing, display, distribution and disposal of pharmaceuticals and other healthcare products, including risks of liability for products such as opioids. Although we maintain insurance against such liabilities, we cannot guarantee that the coverage limits under our insurance programs will be adequate to protect us against future claims, or that we will be able to maintain this insurance on acceptable terms in the future, or at all for healthcare and pharmaceutical liabilities. Our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows may be materially adversely affected if in the future our insurance coverage proves to be inadequate or unavailable, or there is an increase in the liability for which we self-insure, or we suffer harm to our reputation because of an error or omission. Also, our business operations and operating results could be materially adversely impacted by legislative, enforcement, regulatory, judicial and public policy changes.

We are subject to numerous federal and state regulations. Each of our in-store pharmacies are enrolled in government healthcare programs and must be licensed by the respective state government. The licensing and enrollment requirements vary from state to state. An additional registration certificate must be granted by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, and, in some states, a separate controlled substance license must be obtained to dispense controlled substances. In addition, pharmacies selling controlled substances are required to maintain extensive records and often report information to state and federal agencies. If we fail to comply with existing or future laws and regulations, we could suffer substantial civil or criminal penalties, including the loss of our licenses to operate pharmacies and our ability to participate in federal and state healthcare programs. Because of the severe penalties we could face, we must devote significant operational and managerial resources to complying with these laws and regulations. Application of federal and state laws and regulations could subject our current practices to allegations of impropriety or illegality, or could require us to make significant changes to our operations. In addition, we cannot predict the impact of future legislation and regulatory changes on our pharmacy operations or assure that we will be able to obtain or maintain the regulatory approvals required to operate our pharmacy business.

Risks Related to Our Supply Chain

Product and raw material supply disruptions, especially those related to fresh products, may have an adverse effect on our profitability and operating results.

Reflecting consumer preferences, we have a significant focus on fresh products. We rely on various suppliers and vendors to provide and deliver our fresh and other product inventory on a continuous basis and to supply the raw materials to manufacture certain of our Own Brands products. We could suffer significant fresh and other product inventory losses and significant lost revenue in the event of the loss or a shutdown of a major supplier or vendor, disruption of our distribution network, extended power outages, natural disasters, current and future tariffs arising from international trade disputes, foreign conflicts, acts of war or terrorism, disruptive political events or other catastrophic or unexpected occurrences such as a pandemic like COVID-19. We expect our suppliers to comply with applicable laws, including labor, safety and environmental laws. Our ability to find qualified suppliers who uphold our standards and requirements for products, including fresh, and to access such products in a timely and operationally efficient manner in volumes we may demand may become a significant challenge.

Severe weather, natural disasters and other climate changes may adversely affect our business.

Severe weather conditions such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, wildfires, mudslides, winter storms, tornadoes, as well as other natural disasters in areas in which we have stores or distribution centers have caused and may cause physical damage to our properties, closure of one or more of our stores, manufacturing facilities or distribution centers, lack of an adequate work force, disruption in the manufacture and supply of products, disruption and delays

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in transportation and delivery of goods, inability of our workforce to work at our facilities, reduction in customer traffic and generally a reduction in the availability of products in our stores.

In addition, adverse climate conditions, weather patterns and their respective impacts such as drought, flood, wildfires, mudslides and changing ambient temperatures adversely impact product cultivation conditions for farmers, ranchers and fishermen, including by disrupting ecosystems and severely altering the growing conditions, nutrient levels, soil moisture, and water availability necessary for the growth and cultivation of crops and raising of animals. As extreme shifts in climate conditions make it more difficult to raise and produce crops, livestock, and seafood, there may be a decrease in the product quality and the yield quantity of food products. Consequently, such a decreased food supply may adversely affect the availability or cost of certain products within the grocery supply chain, which could lead to shortages or reduced gross profit margins as such products become more expensive. At the global level, the impact of climate change on food supply is more likely to lead to food insecurity in countries which, unlike the United States, have climates insufficient to sustain diverse food production. Thus, there may be increased demand for agricultural exports from regions that experience production difficulties yet have sufficient wealth to purchase imports. This may impact the availability of products for us to purchase.

In addition, legislative and regulatory efforts to combat climate change or other environmental issues could result in new or more stringent forms of oversight and mandatory or voluntary reporting, diligence and disclosure, which could increase costs, result in additional taxes and other expenses, and further impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Threats or potential threats to food and drug safety, the occurrence of a widespread health epidemic and/or pandemic or regulatory concerns in our supply chain may adversely affect our business.

Acts or threats, whether perceived or real, of war or terror or other criminal activity directed at the food and drug industry or the transportation industry, whether or not directly involving our stores, could increase our operating costs or impact general consumer behavior and consumer spending. Other events that give rise to actual or potential food contamination, drug contamination or food-borne illnesses, or a widespread regional, national or global health epidemic and/or pandemic could have an adverse effect on our operating results or disrupt production and delivery of the products we sell, our ability to appropriately and safely staff our stores and cause customers to avoid public gathering places or otherwise change their shopping behaviors. We source our products from vendors and suppliers and related networks across the globe who may be subject to regulatory actions or face criticism due to actual or perceived social injustices, including human trafficking, non-sustainable practices, child labor or environmental, health and safety violations. A disruption in our supply chain due to any regulatory action or social injustice could have an adverse impact on our supply chain and ultimately our business, including potential harm to our reputation.

We could be affected if consumers lose confidence in the food supply chain or the quality and safety of our products.

We could be adversely affected if consumers lose confidence in the safety and quality of certain food products. Adverse publicity about these types of concerns, whether valid or not, may discourage consumers from buying our products or cause production and delivery disruptions. To the extent that a pathogen is food-borne, or perceived to be food-borne, future outbreaks may adversely affect the price and availability of certain food products and cause our customers to eat less of such products. In addition, recalls or withdrawals of food products, and in particular the food products we manufacture or are sold under any of our Own Brands product names, may involve costs to us, the inability to sell those products or reputational harm to us. The real or perceived sale of contaminated food products by us could result in product liability claims, a loss of consumer confidence in our products and product recalls or withdrawals, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

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Fuel prices and availability may adversely affect our results of operations.

We currently operate 405 fuel centers that are adjacent to many of our store locations. As a result, we sell a significant amount of gasoline and diesel fuel. Increased regulation or significant increases in wholesale fuel costs and fuel taxes could result in lower gross margins on fuel sales, and demand could be negatively impacted by retail price increases as well as by concerns about the effect of emissions on the environment. We are unable to predict future regulations, environmental effects, political unrest, geopolitical tensions, hostilities or boycotts, acts of war or terrorism, the actions of major oil producing countries to regulate oil production, or the acts of countries to disrupt the distribution of oil, and other matters that may affect the cost and availability of fuel, and how our customers will react to any of the preceding matters, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

Increased commodity prices may adversely impact our profitability.

Many of our own and sourced products include ingredients such as wheat, corn, oils, milk, sugar, proteins, cocoa and other commodities. Commodity prices can be volatile and can be impacted by geopolitical risks and tariffs arising from international trade disputes, trade wars and inflation. For example, tariffs on products imported from certain countries may increase commodity prices for products. Any increase in commodity prices may cause an increase in our input costs or the prices our vendors seek from us. Although we typically are able to pass on modest commodity price increases or mitigate vendor efforts to increase our costs, we may be unable to continue to do so, either in whole or in part, if commodity prices increase materially or there are significant inflationary pressures. If we are forced to increase prices, our customers may reduce their purchases at our stores or trade down to less profitable products. Both may adversely impact our profitability as a result of reduced revenue or reduced margins.

Legal and Regulatory Risks

Unfavorable changes in government regulation may have a material adverse effect on our business.

We operate our business within strict and complex regulatory environments, which includes laws and regulations involving antitrust and competition, privacy, data protection, environmental, healthcare, anti-bribery, anti-corruption, tax, accounting, financial reporting, health and sanitation standards, food labeling and safety, prescriptions, controlled substances, zoning, vehicle operations, fuel operations, equal employment opportunity, minimum wages and licensing for the sale of food, drugs, and alcoholic beverages, among other matters, and we could be materially adversely affected by changes to, and/or any failure to comply with, existing and new legal requirements. In addition, our industry faces significant political, societal, and media scrutiny, and we may be subject to frequent or increasing challenges which may impact our reputation and business. Additionally, shifts in enforcement practices or regulatory scrutiny generally cannot be anticipated or predicted or our predictions may not be accurate. If we fail to predict or respond adequately to regulatory changes or expanding disclosure requirements, or do not respond as effectively as our competitors, our reputation, business, operations, and financial performance may be adversely affected. Political, governmental, and regulatory regimes and practices can evolve as a result of elections or other events beyond our control. Such changes, including those which have and may occur under the new administration, are unpredictable and may have negative impacts on our business and operations. Compliance with laws, regulations, policies, and enforcement practices may become challenging requiring operational changes which may be difficult to implement, increase our operating costs, require significant capital expenditures, or result in adverse publicity and harm our reputation.

Tax matters could adversely affect our results of operations and financial conditions.

We may be affected by higher rates of federal, state, or local tax imposed as a result of political developments or economic conditions, which could adversely affect our earnings. Our future tax liability could be adversely affected by regulatory and legal changes, the results of tax audits and examinations, and changes in accounting policies and interpretations relating to tax matters, all of which could negatively impact our business. In addition, changes in tax

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rates, tax laws, and regulations that impact our customers or the economy generally may also impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Unfavorable changes in, failure to comply with, or increased costs to comply with environmental laws and regulations could adversely affect us. The storage and sale of petroleum products could expose us to potentially significant liabilities.

Our operations, including our 405 fuel centers, are subject to various laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the storage, management, disposal and cleanup of hazardous materials. Some environmental laws, such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and similar state statutes, impose strict, and under certain circumstances joint and several, liability for costs to remediate a contaminated site, and also impose liability for damages to natural resources. Third-party claims in connection with releases of, or exposure to, hazardous materials relating to our current or former properties or third-party waste disposal sites can also arise. In addition, the presence of contamination at any of our properties could impair our ability to sell or lease the contaminated properties or to borrow money using any of these properties as collateral. The costs and liabilities associated with any such contamination could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our business. Under current environmental laws, we may be held responsible for the remediation of environmental conditions regardless of whether we lease, sublease or own the stores or other facilities and regardless of whether such environmental conditions were created by us or a prior owner or tenant. In addition, the increased focus on climate change, waste management and other environmental issues may result in new environmental laws or regulations that negatively affect us directly or indirectly through increased costs on our suppliers. There can be no assurance that environmental contamination relating to prior, existing or future sites or other environmental changes will not adversely affect us through, for example, business interruption, cost of remediation or adverse publicity.

We are subject to, and may in the future be subject to, legal or other proceedings that could have a material adverse effect on us.

In the course of conducting our business, arising in or outside of the ordinary course, we are and may become a party to various legal proceedings, including lawsuits related to the termination of the merger agreement with Kroger, class actions in matters involving personnel and employment issues, federal and state wage and hour laws, personal injury, antitrust claims based on both federal and state law, packaging or product claims, claims related to the sale of drug or pharmacy products, such as opioids, claims invoking consumer-protection statutes, intellectual property claims and fiduciary and securities claims. We may also become subject to governmental and regulatory inquiries related to our operations. We estimate our exposure to legal proceedings and establish reserves for the estimated liabilities. We are unable to predict the outcome of any litigation, investigation or any action by governmental entities and can provide no assurance as to the scope and outcome of these matters and whether our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows will not be materially adversely affected. In addition, legal proceedings are expensive and could result in significant costs to us, including any costs we may be required to pay in connection with the legal proceedings with Kroger. These significant costs, along with our inability to collect the termination fee of $600 million from Kroger, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

The inability to insure or have adequate amounts of insurance against the risks we face may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

We estimate the liabilities associated with the risks retained by us, in part, by considering historical claims experience, demographic and severity factors and other actuarial assumptions which, by their nature, are subject to a high degree of variability. Among the causes of this variability are unpredictable external factors affecting future inflation rates, discount rates, litigation trends, legal interpretations, benefit level changes and claim settlement patterns. The majority of our workers' compensation liability is from claims occurring in California, where workers'

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compensation has received intense scrutiny from the state's politicians, insurers, employers and providers, as well as the public in general. State-specific statutes and legislation may result in an increase to our workers' compensation liability, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Risks Related to Information Security, Cybersecurity, Data Privacy and Artificial Intelligence Technologies

We may be adversely affected by risks related to our dependence on IT systems. Any future changes to or intrusion into these IT systems, even if we are compliant with industry security standards, could materially adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

We have complex information technology systems that are important to the success of our business operations, financial reporting and marketing initiatives. Our information systems are subject to outages, unplanned downtime, program transitions, breakdowns, ransomware attacks, denial of service attacks, malware and other cyber incidents. If we fail to timely or successfully mitigate such adverse events affecting these systems, or experience difficulties accessing the proprietary business data stored in these systems, or in maintaining, expanding or upgrading existing systems or implementing new systems, we could incur significant losses to our business and operations. These risks may be further exacerbated by the deployment and use of cloud-based enterprise solutions. In a cloud computing environment, we are subject to outages by third-party service providers and security breaches to their systems, which we may have little control over. In the case of a cloud computing outage, the reconstitution of our business services running on those computing resources will be dependent on the third-party hosting provider restoring availability.

Improper activities by third parties, exploitation of encryption technology, new data-hacking tools and discoveries and other events or developments may result in future intrusions into or compromise of our networks, payment card terminals or other payment systems.

We regularly defend against and respond to data security incidents. While we are vigilant in monitoring the security of our information technology systems, we may not be able to prevent all unauthorized access or remediate the impact of such unauthorized access. The techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently and often cannot be recognized until launched against a target; accordingly, we may not be able to anticipate these frequently changing techniques, implement adequate preventive measures for all of them or remediate any unauthorized access on a timely basis. In addition, ongoing geopolitical conflicts and the development of sophisticated artificial intelligence systems may increase the risk of cyberattacks which could impact our operations. Any unauthorized access into our customers' sensitive information, data belonging to us or our vendors or employee data, even if we are compliant with industry security standards, could put us at a competitive disadvantage, result in deterioration of our customers', vendors' and employees' confidence in us and subject us to investigations, required notifications or public disclosures, potential litigation, liability, fines and penalties and consent decrees, resulting in a possible material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

As a merchant that accepts debit and credit cards for payment, we are subject to the Payment Card Industry ("PCI") Data Security Standard ("PCI DSS"), issued by the PCI Council. PCI DSS contains compliance guidelines and standards with regard to security surrounding the physical administrative and technical storage, processing and transmission of individual cardholder data. By accepting debit cards for payment, we are also subject to compliance with American National Standards Institute ("ANSI") data encryption standards and payment network security operating guidelines. Failure to be PCI compliant or to meet other payment card standards may result in the imposition of financial penalties or the allocation by the card brands of the costs of fraudulent charges to us. Additionally, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act ("FACTA") requires systems that print payment card receipts to employ personal account number truncation so that the consumer's full account number is not viewable on the slip. Despite our efforts to comply with these or other payment card standards and other information security measures, we cannot be certain that all of our IT systems will be able to prevent, contain or detect all cyber-attacks or intrusions. To the extent that any disruption results in the loss, damage or misappropriation of information, we

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may be adversely affected by claims from customers, financial institutions, regulatory authorities, payment card associations and others. In addition, privacy and information security laws and standards continue to evolve and could expose us to further regulatory burdens. The cost of complying with stricter laws and standards, including PCI DSS, ANSI and FACTA data encryption standards and state consumer data privacy, data protection and related laws, could be significant.

The loss of confidence from a data security incident involving our customers, employees or vendors could materially adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

We receive, store and transmit personal information in connection with our business, including information from processing credit card data, digital marketing, and human resources records. The legal landscape surrounding privacy and cybersecurity is constantly changing, leading to stricter requirements for the processing of personal information. Meeting these obligations poses challenges, as any missteps could result in fines, government scrutiny, and lawsuits from individuals and regulators. Violations, or even perceived violations, of privacy, can adversely affect the trust that customers, employees, and vendors place in us regarding their personal information. The protection of our customer, employee and vendor data is critically important to us. Despite our considerable efforts to secure, upgrade and maintain our computer networks, our information security could be compromised, and customer, employee and vendor confidential information could be misappropriated whether as a result of cyberattacks on our information systems, the information systems hosted by third party providers or otherwise. If we experience a data security incident, we could be exposed to government enforcement actions, ransomware claims, loss of business information, negative publicity and possible claims from customers, associates, financial institutions and payment card associations. In addition, our customers could lose confidence in our ability to protect their personal information, which could cause them to stop shopping at our stores altogether and materially adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

We and our third parties may use artificial intelligence in our business, which could result in competitive and reputational harm, and legal liability, and adversely affect our results of operations.

We and our third parties are increasingly incorporating artificial intelligence ("AI") solutions into our operations, systems, and services. Developing and incorporating AI solutions into our business is uncertain and may result in increased costs and business disruptions without a corresponding benefit. Our competitors may incorporate AI into their products and services more quickly or more successfully than us, which could impair our ability to compete effectively in the market. Additionally, if the content, analyses, or recommendations that AI applications assist in producing are or are alleged to be deficient, inaccurate, biased, or infringe on existing intellectual property, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected. AI presents emerging ethical issues and could pose potential harms to our customers and associates and if our use of AI becomes controversial, we may experience competitive harm, brand or reputational harm, or legal liability. AI also presents a new attack surface that cybercriminals will attempt to exploit as well as providing means to scale and automate targeted attacks. The rapid evolution of AI, including expected government regulation of AI and automated decision making, requires resources, formalized AI governance, a commitment to the ethical and responsible use of data, and processes to best meet these challenges. If we fail to adopt AI in a thoughtful and strategic manner, the risks above may be exacerbated.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our indebtedness.

As of February 28, 2026, we had approximately $8.6 billion of debt outstanding (other than finance lease obligations), and, subject to our borrowing base, we would have been able to borrow an additional $3.6 billion

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under our asset-based loan ("ABL") facility (the "ABL Facility"). As of February 28, 2026, we and our subsidiaries had approximately $0.4 billion of finance lease obligations.

Our indebtedness could have important consequences. For example, it could: increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions; require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes, including acquisitions; limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and limit our ability to borrow additional funds. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our debt or that we will be able to refinance on commercially reasonable terms. If we were unable to make payments or refinance our debt or obtain new financing under these circumstances, we would have to consider other options, such as sales of assets, sales of equity or restructure of the applicable debt.

We may incur substantially more debt in the future.

We and our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. The terms of the credit agreement that governs the ABL Facility and the indentures that govern our indebtedness, as disclosed in "Part II—Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 5", permit us to incur significant additional debt, subject to certain limitations. If new indebtedness is added to our and our subsidiaries' current debt levels, the related risks that we and they now face would increase.

To service our indebtedness, we require a significant amount of cash, and our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to make cash payments on and to refinance the indebtedness and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate significant operating cash flow in the future, as described in the section entitled "Part II—Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This ability is, to a significant extent, subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to enable us to pay our indebtedness or to fund our other liquidity needs. In any such circumstance, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, on or before maturity. We may not be able to refinance any indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as selling assets, seeking additional equity or reducing or delaying capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions and investments. Any such action, if necessary, may not be effected on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The instruments governing our indebtedness may restrict our ability to sell assets and our use of the proceeds from such sales.

If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or are otherwise unable to obtain funds necessary to meet required payments of principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness, or if we otherwise fail to comply with the various covenants in the instruments governing our indebtedness, we could be in default under the terms of the agreements governing such indebtedness. In the event of such default, the holders of such indebtedness could elect to declare all the funds borrowed thereunder to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest, the lenders under our credit agreement, or any replacement revolving credit facility in respect thereof, could elect to terminate their revolving commitments thereunder, cease making further loans and institute foreclosure proceedings against our assets, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation.

Our debt instruments limit our flexibility in operating our business.

Our debt instruments contain various covenants that limit our and our restricted subsidiaries' ability to engage in specified types of transactions. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our debt

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instruments. Any debt agreements we enter into in the future may further limit our ability to enter into certain types of transactions. In addition, certain of the covenants governing the ABL Facility and our existing notes restrict, among other things, our and our restricted subsidiaries' ability to: incur additional indebtedness or provide guarantees in respect of obligations of other persons; pay dividends on, repurchase stock from or make distributions to our stockholders, or make other restricted payments or make certain investments; prepay, redeem or repurchase debt; make loans, investments and capital expenditures; sell or otherwise dispose of certain assets; incur liens; engage in sale leaseback transactions; restrict dividends, loans or asset transfers from our subsidiaries; consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; enter into a new or different line of business; and enter into certain transactions with our affiliates.

In addition, the restrictive covenants in our ABL Facility require us, in certain circumstances, to maintain a specific fixed charge coverage ratio. Our ability to meet that financial ratio can be affected by events beyond our control, and there can be no assurance that we will meet it. A breach of this covenant could result in a default under such facilities. Moreover, the occurrence of a default under our ABL Facility could result in an event of default under our other indebtedness. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under our ABL Facility, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. Even if we can obtain new financing, it may not be on commercially reasonable terms, or terms that are acceptable to us.

Increases in interest rates, a downgrade of our credit ratings and/or instability in the credit market could negatively affect our financing costs and our ability to access capital.

We have exposure to future interest rates based on the variable rate debt under our ABL Facility and to the extent we raise additional debt in the capital markets to meet maturing debt obligations, to fund our capital expenditures, working capital needs and to finance future acquisitions. Daily working capital requirements are typically financed with operational cash flow and use of our ABL Facility. The interest rate on these borrowing arrangements is generally determined from a borrowing rate at the borrowing date plus a pre-set margin. Significant and sustained increases in market interest rates could materially increase our financing costs and negatively impact our reported results. We rely on access to bank and capital markets as sources of liquidity for cash requirements not satisfied by cash flows from operations. A downgrade in our credit ratings from the internationally recognized credit rating agencies could negatively affect our ability to access the bank and capital markets, especially in a time of uncertainty in either of those markets. A rating downgrade could also impact our ability to grow our business by substantially increasing the cost of, or limiting access to, capital.

Risks Related to Owning Our Common Stock

The price of our common stock may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may suffer a decline in value.

The market price of our common stock is volatile and may be influenced by many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including: stock market volatility in response to macroeconomic and global events; if a substantial number of shares of our common stock becomes available for sale and are sold in a short period of time, the market price of our common stock could decline; the failure of securities analysts to cover our common stock, or changes in financial estimates by analysts; if one or more securities analysts downgrade our shares or if those analysts issue a sell recommendation or other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business; changes in, or investors' perception of, the food and drug retail industry; the activities of competitors; future issuances and sales of our common stock, including in connection with acquisitions; the impact of our stock repurchase program; future sales of our common stock by our largest stockholder; our quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in our industry; the public's reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC; and litigation involving us, our industry, or both.

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Our largest stockholder is Cerberus, which may have conflicts of interest with other stockholders in the future.

Cerberus beneficially owns in the aggregate approximately 30% of our common stock and Cerberus has certain governance rights pursuant to a Stockholders' Agreement. As a result, Cerberus may be able to influence (i) the election of our directors, (ii) our corporate and management policies and (iii) other matters submitted to our stockholders for approval. The interests of Cerberus may not coincide with the interests of other holders of our common stock. Additionally, Cerberus is in the business of making investments in companies and may, from time to time, acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. Cerberus may also pursue, for its own account, acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business, and as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. So long as Cerberus continues to own a significant amount of the outstanding shares of our common stock, Cerberus will continue to be able to strongly influence our decisions.

Provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may prevent attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management, even if beneficial to our stockholders.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as amended ("certificate of incorporation"), and our amended and restated bylaws ("bylaws") may restrict the ability of stockholders to make changes in our governance that they may consider advantageous or desirable. In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace members of our Board of Directors (the "Board"). Because our Board is responsible for appointing the members of our management team, these provisions could in turn affect any attempt by our stockholders to replace members of our management team. Our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The preferred stock may be issued in one or more series, the terms of which may be determined by our Board at the time of issuance or fixed by resolution without further action by the stockholders. These terms may include voting rights, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion rights, redemption rights, and sinking fund provisions. The issuance of preferred stock could diminish the rights of holders of our common stock, and therefore could reduce the value of our common stock. In addition, specific rights granted to holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with, or sell assets to, a third party. The ability of our Board to issue preferred stock could delay, discourage, prevent, or make it more difficult or costly to acquire or effect a change in control, thereby preserving the current stockholders' control.

Our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders is restricted by applicable laws and regulations and requirements under certain of our securities and debt agreements, including the ABL Facility, and our existing notes.

Holders of our common stock are only entitled to receive such cash dividends as our Board, in its sole discretion, may declare out of funds legally available for such payments, including minimum capital requirements and limited by contractual obligations or covenants in any financing arrangements that we are currently a party to, including the ABL Facility and our existing notes, or any that we may enter into in the future. As a consequence of these various limitations and restrictions, we may not be able to make, or may have to reduce or eliminate at any time, the payment of dividends on our common stock.